CASA- COMUNA COOPERATIVA

Posconflicto Laboratory

“Athens: Labour, City, Architecture. Towards a Common Architectural Language”, 2011 A collective project at the Berlage Institute by Juan Carlos Aristizábal, Hyun Soo Kim, Ivan K. Nasution,

Davide Sacconi, Roberto Soundy, Yuichi Watanabe, Ji Hyun Woo, Lingxiao Zhang Tutors: Pier Vittorio Aureli, Maria S. Giudici, Platon Issaias, Elia Zenghelis

C CC

CC CCC C

Laboratory

3. COMMUNAL HOUSING PROGRAM

1. POST-CONFLICT SUBJECT

4. PARASITE

5. DAO

2. SELF-MANAGED COOPERATIVE HOUSING MOVEMENT IN CENTRAL AMERICA

1. POST-CONFLICT SUBJECT /More and more about less and less AND less and less about more and more.

SUBJECT AIndividual person with an income between 1 and 4 minimum wages per household and with NO access to market housing.

SUBJECT A

SUBJECT BIndividual person with an income over 5 minimum wages per household with limited access to market housing, and with NO access to housing in central urban areas.

SUBJECT B

BA

2. SELF-MANAGED COOPERATIVE HOUSING MOVEMENT IN CENTRAL AMERICA

1. Self-management 2. Mutual-aid 3. Collective ownership of property 4. Technical assistance

COCEAVIS (Central America) /Coordinadora Centroamericana Autogestionaria de Vivienda Solidaria

COOPERATIVA ACOVIVAMSE

COOPERATIVA ACOVIVAMSE

COOPERATIVA ACOVIVAMSE

COOPERATIVA ACOVIVAMSE

3. COMMUNAL HOUSING PROGRAM /Project as a citizens’ initiative

GUATEMALA CITY/Project as a citizens’ initiative CASA-COMUNA COOPERATIVA

CASA- COMUNA COOPERATIVA

C CC

CC CCC C

COMMUNAL HOUSING PROGRAM

We propose a regional cooperative platform grounded on the non-speculative social production of housing to promote cohabitation, coproduction and self-education by means of collective financing and migrant remittances for an autonomous and communal project in post-conflict Central America.

PROJECT

We seek to articulate an emancipatory, productive and solidarity-based initiative for collective action in meaningful cohabitation on the right to the territory.

PRINCIPLES

Posconflicto Laboratory

REMITTANCES NOURISHING THE COMMUNAL HOUSE CENTRAL AMERICAN COOPERATIVE

PROBLEM TO BE ADDRESSED

In only three decades, Central America shifted from a traditional agro-export economic model to one based on services, trade and transnational finance, especially dependent on migrant remittances and financial corporate capital.

PROBLEM TO BE ADDRESSED

C CC

CC CCC C

Meanwhile, Central America remains the region with the highest income inequality in Latin America and one of the highest globally. In a post-conflict context, subjected to continuous forced migration and territorial uprooting, plans and policies have since proven fundamentally limited in addressing inequalities on the access to adequate housing.

FROM AGRO-EXPORTS TO REMITTANCES, TOURISM AND MAQUILA

IN CENTRAL AMERICA (Goods and services as a % of of export GDP)

Commercial surplus

Remittances

Other services

Tourism

Maquila (in net exports)

Other exports outside CA

Traditional agro-exports

San Mateo Ixtatán, Huehuetenango in Guatemala, 2010 (photo: Andrés Asturias)

“RIGHT OF USE” COOPERATIVE HOUSING

“RIGHT OF USE” COOPERATIVE HOUSING

Non-speculative and non-profit cooperative model in which housing ownership rights reside in the cooperative.

“RIGHT OF USE” COOPERATIVE MODELS

Andel (Scandinavian countries)

“RIGHT OF USE” MODELS

Wohnprojekte (Germany)

SostreCívic (Catalonia)

FUCVAM (Uruguay)

COCEAVIS (Central America)

PROJECT

TOWARDS A COMMUNAL HOUSING PROGRAM

C CC

CC CCC C

1A “right of use” cooperative housing model—between renting and buying—for the collective access of adequate housing in central urban areas.

RENTING “RIGHT OF USE” COOPERATIVE

MODEL

BUYING

Right of use 1 year undefined undefined

Initial installment 1,000 USD (50% returnable)

2,500 USD (100% returnable)

20,000 USD (25% housing cost)

Monthly installments 350-600 USD 175-350 USD 600-900 USD (20 year mortgage)

Social impact - - - - - + + + + + - - - - -

Hypothetical case study of a 55m² housing unit Guatemala City’s central urban area

“RIGHT OF USE” COOPERATIVE HOUSING MODEL

C CC

CC CCC C

2A crossed-contributions financial mechanism for the inclusion of mixed-income social groups—Subject A and Subject B—to counteract spatial segregation and promote social integration in Mesoamerican cities (i.e. dweller-members: 20% Subject A and 80% subject B).

SUBJECT AIndividual person with an income between 1 and 4 minimum wages per household and with NO access to market housing.

SUBJECT A

SUBJECT BIndividual person with an income over 5 minimum wages per household with limited access to market housing, and with NO access to housing in central urban areas.

SUBJECT B

C CC

CC CCC C

3A communal investment trust based on mutual aid to promote collective financing and migrant remittances as an insurance to member households, to productively link cooperative members in urban and rural territories. Modes of participation: dweller-member, migrant-member, collaborator-member and investor-member.

DWELLER-MEMBERMember that participates in the creation of a housing cooperative to self-manage a collective space for living and working. (Voice and voting rights in the housing cooperative.)

DWELLER-MEMBER

MIGRANT-MEMBER

Member that participates in the creation of a housing cooperative to self-manage a collective space for living and working. (Voice and voting rights in the housing cooperative.)

Member in a migrant condition with the right to use a housing unit for a specific time period as agreed upon with the cooperative. Migrant-members may temporarily offer the use of their housing units to a third party—during the time of her or his absence—by means of agreed contributions below a comparable housing market rent. (Voice and voting rights in the housing cooperative.)

DWELLER-MEMBER

MIGRANT-MEMBER

COLLABORATOR-MEMBER

Member that participates in the creation of a housing cooperative to self-manage a collective space for living and working. (Voice and voting rights in the housing cooperative.)

Member in a migrant condition with the right to use a housing unit for a specific time period as agreed upon with the cooperative. Migrant-members may temporarily offer the use of their housing units to a third party—during the time of her or his absence—by means of agreed contributions below a comparable housing market rent. (Voice and voting rights in the housing cooperative.)

Member that participates in the cooperative’s cultural activities, and who may register in the next cooperative’s waiting list. (Voice and may vote on cultural activities co-promoted by the housing cooperative and Casa-Comuna).

DWELLER-MEMBER

MIGRANT-MEMBER

COLLABORATOR-MEMBER

INVESTOR-MEMBER

Member that participates in the creation of a housing cooperative to self-manage a collective space for living and working. (Voice and voting rights in the housing cooperative.)

Member in a migrant condition with the right to use a housing unit for a specific time period as agreed upon with the cooperative. Migrant-members may temporarily offer the use of their housing units to a third party—during the time of her or his absence—by means of agreed contributions below a comparable housing market rent. (Voice and voting rights in the housing cooperative.)

Member that participates in the cooperative’s cultural activities, and who may register in the next cooperative’s waiting list. (Voice and may vote on cultural activities co-promoted by the housing cooperative and Casa-Comuna).

Member that invests in the cooperative’s productive spaces. Productive spaces include commerce and service spaces, whether at the project’s lower floors, or as complementary urban facilities. (One voice and one vote in the communal investment trust co-managed by the housing cooperative and Casa-Comuna.)

C CC

CC CCC C

4Architecture and design as a self-management apparatus for social inclusion and environmental sensibility—including energy efficiency and renewable energies—in the production of living and working spaces.

A + + + =

A productive housing archetype

community development center

patio-portico

housing prototype

community development center

patio-portico

housing prototype

productive housing archetype

B + + + =

productive housing archetype

communal facility

patio-portico

housing prototype

B

community center

patio-portico

housing prototype

productive housing archetype

COMMUNAL HOUSING ARCHETYPE

A B +

LAT 14.6381º LON -90.5109º

LAT 14.6306º LON -90.4922º

LAT 14.6136º LON -90.5223º

LAT 14.5955º LON -90.5185º

LAT 14.6479º LON -90.5095º

LAT 14.6319º LON -90.5222º

LAT 14.6064º LON -90.5163º

LAT 14.5947º LON -90.5148º

LAT 14.6284º LON -90.5140º

LAT 14.6239º LON -90.5170º

LAT 14.6025º LON -90.5143º

LAT 14.5846º LON -90.4943º

LAT 14.6424º LON -90.5154º

LAT 14.6225º LON -90.4999º

LAT 14.6020º LON -90.5155º

LAT 14.6065º LON -90.5569º

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

LAT 17.2485º LON -88.7576º BELMOPAN, BELIZE

LAT 13.7012° LON -89.2286°

LAT 13.7099° LON -89.1973° SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR

LAT 13.7061° LON -89.2073°

LAT 17.2536º LON -88.7664º BELMOPAN, BELIZE

LAT 14.0935º LON -87.1690º

LAT 14.1010º LON -87.1738º

LAT 14.1001º LON -87.1771º

LAT 12.1348º LON -86.2998º MANAGUA, NICARAGUA

LAT 12.1455º LON -86.2760º MANAGUA, NICARAGUA

LAT 12.1385º LON -86.2831º MANAGUA, NICARAGUA

LAT 9.0118° LON -79.5111° PANAMA CITY, PANAMA

LAT 9.9206º LON -84.0611º SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA

LAT 9.9389º LON -84.0595º SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA

LAT 9.9253° LON -84.0866° SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA

LAT 9.0061° LON -79.5207° PANAMA CITY, PANAMA

SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR

SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS

TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS

TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS

0 155 30 60 120m

LAT 14.6381º LON -90.5109º

LAT 14.6306º LON -90.4922º

LAT 14.6136º LON -90.5223º

LAT 14.5955º LON -90.5185º

LAT 14.6479º LON -90.5095º

LAT 14.6319º LON -90.5222º

LAT 14.6064º LON -90.5163º

LAT 14.5947º LON -90.5148º

LAT 14.6284º LON -90.5140º

LAT 14.6239º LON -90.5170º

LAT 14.6025º LON -90.5143º

LAT 14.5846º LON -90.4943º

LAT 14.6424º LON -90.5154º

LAT 14.6225º LON -90.4999º

LAT 14.6020º LON -90.5155º

LAT 14.6065º LON -90.5569º

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

GUATEMALA CITY

LAT 17.2485º LON -88.7576º BELMOPAN, BELIZE

LAT 13.7012° LON -89.2286°

LAT 13.7099° LON -89.1973° SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR

LAT 13.7061° LON -89.2073°

LAT 17.2536º LON -88.7664º BELMOPAN, BELIZE

LAT 14.0935º LON -87.1690º

LAT 14.1010º LON -87.1738º

LAT 14.1001º LON -87.1771º

LAT 12.1348º LON -86.2998º MANAGUA, NICARAGUA

LAT 12.1455º LON -86.2760º MANAGUA, NICARAGUA

LAT 12.1385º LON -86.2831º MANAGUA, NICARAGUA

LAT 9.0118° LON -79.5111° PANAMA CITY, PANAMA

LAT 9.9206º LON -84.0611º SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA

LAT 9.9389º LON -84.0595º SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA

LAT 9.9253° LON -84.0866° SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA

LAT 9.0061° LON -79.5207° PANAMA CITY, PANAMA

SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR

SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS

TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS

TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS

0 155 30 60 120m

C CC

CC CCC C

5A digital platform as an organizational and self-education instrument that allows for the leverage of collective finance and migrant remittances to provide access to adequate housing in central urban areas.

4. PARASITE /Parasite or quasi-algorithm - cooperative hedge fund

occupy FINANCE

Mondragon Cooperative / Lagunaro (Basque Country / Global)

Fair Coop (Global)

Robin Hood Cooperative (Global)

occupy FINANCE

architects civil engineers master builders

“urbanists”

architects civil engineers master builders

“urbanists”

real estate developers construction companies——>

architects civil engineers master builders

“urbanists”

real estate developers construction companies banks——> ——>

architects civil engineers master builders

“urbanists”

real estate developers construction companies banks BIG MONEY——> ——> ——>

architects civil engineers master builders

“urbanists”

real estate developers construction companies banks BIG MONEY——> ——> ——>

GLOBAL

Bloomberg Billionaires, “Today’s ranking of the world’s richest people”

Bloomberg Billionaires, “Today’s ranking of the world’s richest people”

Bloomberg Billionaires, “Today’s ranking of the world’s richest people”

URBANIZATION

C

Θ

Homogeneous habitational grid

Urbanization

(speculative financial derivative and leveraged collateral)

Casa-Comuna Cooperativa

(self-managed cooperative housing platform)

Speculative land

(financial derivative contract - debit risk graph)

Reappropriated communal land

(financial derivative contract - credit risk graph)

Parasite or quasi-algorithm structure

(time decay through theta)

Parasite or quasi-algorithm structure

(time decay through theta)

C

Θ

Homogeneous habitational grid

Urbanization

(speculative financial derivative and leveraged collateral)

Casa-Comuna Cooperativa

(self-managed cooperative housing platform)

Speculative land

(financial derivative contract - debit risk graph)

Reappropriated communal land

(financial derivative contract - credit risk graph)

Parasite or quasi-algorithm structure

(time decay through theta)

Homogeneous Habitational Grid

C

Θ

Homogeneous habitational grid

Urbanization

(speculative financial derivative and leveraged collateral)

Casa-Comuna Cooperativa

(self-managed cooperative housing platform)

Speculative land

(financial derivative contract - debit risk graph)

Reappropriated communal land

(financial derivative contract - credit risk graph)

Parasite or quasi-algorithm structure

(time decay through theta)

Speculative land

(financial derivative contract - debit risk graph)

C

Θ

Homogeneous habitational grid

Urbanization

(speculative financial derivative and leveraged collateral)

Casa-Comuna Cooperativa

(self-managed cooperative housing platform)

Speculative land

(financial derivative contract - debit risk graph)

Reappropriated communal land

(financial derivative contract - credit risk graph)

Parasite or quasi-algorithm structure

(time decay through theta)

(speculative financial derivative and leveraged collateral)

Urbanization

C

Θ

Homogeneous habitational grid

Urbanization

(speculative financial derivative and leveraged collateral)

Casa-Comuna Cooperativa

(self-managed cooperative housing platform)

Speculative land

(financial derivative contract - debit risk graph)

Reappropriated communal land

(financial derivative contract - credit risk graph)

Parasite or quasi-algorithm structure

(time decay through theta)

Reappropriated communal land

(financial derivative contract - credit risk graph)

C

Θ

Homogeneous habitational grid

Urbanization

(speculative financial derivative and leveraged collateral)

Casa-Comuna Cooperativa

(self-managed cooperative housing platform)

Speculative land

(financial derivative contract - debit risk graph)

Reappropriated communal land

(financial derivative contract - credit risk graph)

Parasite or quasi-algorithm structure

(time decay through theta)

Casa-Comuna Cooperativa

(self-managed cooperative housing platform)

CCCC

C

CCCCC

CC

CCCCC

CC

CC

CC

C

CC

C

CCC

CCCC

CC

C

CCCCC

CCCC

CCCC

C

CCCC

CCCCCCCC

CCCCC

CCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCCC

CCCC

CC

CC

C

C

C

CCCCC

CC

CCCC

C

C

CCCCCCCC

CCCC

CCCC

CC

CC

CCC

C

CCC

CC

C

CCCC

CCCC

CC

C

CC

CC

CC

CCCCC

CC

CC

C

CCCC

CCCCCCCC

CCCCC

CC

CC

C

CCC

CCC

C C C C CC C C C C

C C C C CC C C C C

C C C C CC C C C

C C C C CC C C

C C C CC C C C C

C CC C C C C

C C CC C C C C

C CC C C

C C CC C C C C C

C C C CC C C C C

C C CC C C C C C

C C CC C C

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

C C

C

5. DAO /Distributed Autonomous Organization

Distributed Autonomous Organization (blockchain technology: Ethereum)

Gre

gorio

Agu

ilar L

ópez

Juan

Pab

lo A

lmira

Lóp

ez

José

Ven

ancio

Agu

ish A

sbal

Joaq

uín

Roda

s And

rade

Mar

io O

reno

Arm

iraM

aría

Qui

rina

Arm

ira L

ópez

Juan

Pab

lo A

rmira

Lóp

ezM

aría

Qui

rina A

rmira

Lóp

ezLu

is A

rturo

Arr

oyo

Her

nánd

ez

Fide

l Ant

onio

Ávil

a Rev

olor

io

Rebe

ca L

eticia

Bau

tista

Rosa

s

Visit

ació

n Ba

xcaj

Pine

da

Edga

r Rola

ndo

Bonil

la Sa

ntiag

o

Godof

redo B

ravo V

elásq

uez

Pedr

o Caa

l Xol

Víctor

Man

uel C

alderó

nn D

íaz

Jorge

Robert

o Calv

o Bara

jas

Jorge

Davi

d Calv

o Drag

o

Moisés C

anales G

odoy

Carlos H

umberto Carb

allo Cabrer

a

Faustina C

astro Hern

ández de Pach

eco

Rosa María

Castillo Samayoa

Mario Enrique Chávez Ovalle

Jorge Alberto Chávez Vásquez

Hilario Choc

Adriana Chocoj Culajay

Alfredo Estuardo Cifontes Navarro

Eusebio Coc Rompich

Mario Rolando Colindres Estrada

Eladio Culajay Castañeda

Narcisa Cusanero Xian

Cesar Augusto Dávila Estrada

Valentín de la Roca Solórzano

Héctor Manuel De León Escobar

Aladino Julián De León SalgueroMiriam Elizabeth Domínguez HerreraPablo Ejcalón Batz

Julio René Estevez Rodríguez

Julio Alberto Estrada IllescasFabián Estrada Satuy

Carlos Alfredo Fuentes González

Edgar Eugenio Fuentes Orozco

Carlos Eduardo Galindo Espinoza

Carlos Gálvez ThompsonMynor Elvidio Girón Cabrera

Evelia Girón Ruano

Gustavo Interiano G

ómez López

Ricardo Gram

ajo Cifuentes

Jorge Alfonso Gregorio Velásquez Soto

José Miguel G

udiel Álvarez

Arnoldo Rolando Guerra Castellanos

Jorge Rolando Hass M

eléndez

Arnoldo H

ernández García

Carlos Guadalupe H

errera Montenegro

Víctor M

anuel Herrera M

ontenegro

Mario H

ernández Telón

Esw

in Raúl Jiménez M

urcia

Rosalia López Góm

ez

Víctor René López Pérez

Silvio Matricar D

i Salan

Luz Haydee M

endez Calderón

Héctor Manuel M

éndez Carballo

Cruz Coco Mijangos

José Luis Monterroso Marroquin

María Zoe Oreno Armira

Juan Ramiro Estuardo Orozco López

Amilcar Blandemio Orozco Y Orozco

Luis Alberto Ortíz Quintanilla

Cesar Augusto Ovalle Villatoro

Antonio Ovando Sánchez

Ambrocio Pacheco Garcia

Juan Matías Palacios

Andrés Pastor González

José Guillermo Peláez Gramajo

Luis Rolando Peñate Lima

Julio Cesar Pereira Vásquez

Gustavo Adolfo Pérez De León

Candelaria Pop Coy

Carlos Humberto Quinteros García

Nélida Isabel Ramírez MirandaPablo Francisco Ramírez Rodas Pedro Reanda Toc

Edwin Rogelio Rivas Rivas

David Rivera ChacónIsab

el Roche Reyes Santiago Rodríguez Melgar

Hugo Salazar A

spiac

Claudina Betza

bé Salaz

ar Barre

ra

Sergio Vinicio

Samayo

a Morale

s

Teresa G

raciela

Samayo

a Morale

s

Walter O

mar Sán

chez Cancin

os

Víctor

Manue

l Sán

chez

Saj

Marco A

ntonio

Santi

zo Velá

squez

David

Raud

a Sor

ales

Oren

cio So

sa Ca

lderó

n

Álva

ro R

ené S

osa R

amos

Héc

tor R

olan

do V

aldéz

Guz

mán

Tom

ás V

arga

s Bor

or

Osc

ar L

eone

l Velá

sque

z Ba

utist

a

Rudd

y A

lber

to V

illed

a Pa

dilla

Héc

tor F

elipe

Vill

egas

Ram

os

Bríg

ido

Ant

onio

Xaji

l Her

nánd

ez

* Se

rgio

Leo

nel A

lvar

ado

Aré

valo

* A

lfons

o A

lvar

ado

Pale

ncia

* Man

uel A

lfred

o Ba

iza M

olin

a

* Vict

orian

o Ba

lam Y

ool

* Osc

ar E

duar

do B

arilla

s Bar

rient

os

* Eleu

terio

Leop

oldo C

abrer

a Garc

ía

* Álva

ro Zaca

rias C

alvo P

érez

* Zoilo Canale

s Sala

zar

* Dina P

atricia

Cardoza

Rodríguez

* Prodencio De Je

sús Carre

ra Cam

ey

* Julio René C

asasola R

eyes

* Nicolás Caste

llanos Alvarad

o

* Edgar Estuardo Cetino Garnica

* Carlos Ernesto Cuevas Molina

* Pablo Cuz Moo

* José Luis De León Díaz

* Carlos Eugenio De León Gudiel

* María Escobar Lima

* Otto Reneé Estrada Illescas

* Félix Estrada Mejía* Rubén Amílcar Farfán

* Rudy Gustavo Figueroa Muñóz* Fernando Arturo Gálvez Martínez

* Lesbia Lucrecia García Escobar

* Leonso García Ramos

* Allan Gatica Paz

* Jorge Mauricio Gatica Paz

* Cresencio Gómez López

* Edgar Saturnino Gutiérrez Cabrera

* Andrés Gutiérrez G

arcía

* Octavio René G

uzmán Castañeda

* Adolfo Joel H

ermosilla N

oriega

* Pablo Gilberto H

ernández

* José Porfirio Hernández Bonilla

* José Zenón H

ernández Cusanero

* Alejandro H

ernández González

* Gerardo Ico Chub

* Loreto Ico Toc

* Otto Leonel Juárez Ram

írez* Flavio K

inico Yaqui* Sergio Saúl Linares M

orales* M

ateo Lindo Macario

* Oscar D

arío Lobos Osorio

* Santiago López Aguilar* O

swaldo López Hernández

* Max Byron López Pérez

* Gustavo Adolfo Meza Soberanis

* Milquicidet Miranda Contreras

* Tranquilino Morales Xajil

* Sandra Isabel Natareno Vásquez

* Hugo Adail Navarro Mérida

* Tyrone Hamilton Neal Estrada

* Benjamin Rolando Orantes Zelada

* Alma Lucrecia Osorio Bobadilla

* Gabriel Humberto Pérez Car

* Edgar Orlando Ramazzini

* Fernandino Rafael Ramírez Canahui

* Carlos Guillermo Ramírez Gálvez

* Miguel Ángel Reyes González * José Rodolfo Reyna López * Jose Luis Rivas

* Edgar Gerardo Rivera Arévalo

* Marta Lidia Rivera Chacoón * Yolanda Consuelo Rodriguez Artea

ga

* Manuel Is

mael Salan

ic Chiguil

* Juan de D

ios Sam

ayoa V

elásquez

* Juan

Albe

rto Sá

nchez

Manuel

* Mois

és Sa

ravia

Lópe

z

* Joa

quín

Simón

Miza

* Cés

ar A

ugus

to Su

ruy C

ano

* Nico

lás U

pun

Xini

co

* Om

ar D

ario

Vás

quez

Aba

dilla

* Dan

iel V

ásqu

ez G

arcía

* Jo

sé L

eone

l Vaá

sque

z H

erná

ndez

* Jo

sé L

uis V

illag

rán

Díaz

* A

man

cio S

amue

l Vill

ator

o

* Ed

uard

o V

illat

oro

Toled

o

* M

arci

al X

il Ch

ocoj

Distributed Autonomous Organization (blockchain technology: Ethereum)

C CC

CC CCC C

Gre

gorio

Agu

ilar L

ópez

Juan

Pab

lo A

lmira

Lóp

ez

José

Ven

ancio

Agu

ish A

sbal

Joaq

uín

Roda

s And

rade

Mar

io O

reno

Arm

iraM

aría

Qui

rina

Arm

ira L

ópez

Juan

Pab

lo A

rmira

Lóp

ezM

aría

Qui

rina A

rmira

Lóp

ezLu

is A

rturo

Arr

oyo

Her

nánd

ez

Fide

l Ant

onio

Ávil

a Rev

olor

io

Rebe

ca L

eticia

Bau

tista

Rosa

s

Visit

ació

n Ba

xcaj

Pine

da

Edga

r Rola

ndo

Bonil

la Sa

ntiag

o

Godof

redo B

ravo V

elásq

uez

Pedr

o Caa

l Xol

Víctor

Man

uel C

alderó

nn D

íaz

Jorge

Robert

o Calv

o Bara

jas

Jorge

Davi

d Calv

o Drag

o

Moisés C

anales G

odoy

Carlos H

umberto Carb

allo Cabrer

a

Faustina C

astro Hern

ández de Pach

eco

Rosa María

Castillo Samayoa

Mario Enrique Chávez Ovalle

Jorge Alberto Chávez Vásquez

Hilario Choc

Adriana Chocoj Culajay

Alfredo Estuardo Cifontes Navarro

Eusebio Coc Rompich

Mario Rolando Colindres Estrada

Eladio Culajay Castañeda

Narcisa Cusanero Xian

Cesar Augusto Dávila Estrada

Valentín de la Roca Solórzano

Héctor Manuel De León Escobar

Aladino Julián De León SalgueroMiriam Elizabeth Domínguez HerreraPablo Ejcalón Batz

Julio René Estevez Rodríguez

Julio Alberto Estrada IllescasFabián Estrada Satuy

Carlos Alfredo Fuentes González

Edgar Eugenio Fuentes Orozco

Carlos Eduardo Galindo Espinoza

Carlos Gálvez ThompsonMynor Elvidio Girón Cabrera

Evelia Girón Ruano

Gustavo Interiano G

ómez López

Ricardo Gram

ajo Cifuentes

Jorge Alfonso Gregorio Velásquez Soto

José Miguel G

udiel Álvarez

Arnoldo Rolando Guerra Castellanos

Jorge Rolando Hass M

eléndez

Arnoldo H

ernández García

Carlos Guadalupe H

errera Montenegro

Víctor M

anuel Herrera M

ontenegro

Mario H

ernández Telón

Esw

in Raúl Jiménez M

urcia

Rosalia López Góm

ez

Víctor René López Pérez

Silvio Matricar D

i Salan

Luz Haydee M

endez Calderón

Héctor Manuel M

éndez Carballo

Cruz Coco Mijangos

José Luis Monterroso Marroquin

María Zoe Oreno Armira

Juan Ramiro Estuardo Orozco López

Amilcar Blandemio Orozco Y Orozco

Luis Alberto Ortíz Quintanilla

Cesar Augusto Ovalle Villatoro

Antonio Ovando Sánchez

Ambrocio Pacheco Garcia

Juan Matías Palacios

Andrés Pastor González

José Guillermo Peláez Gramajo

Luis Rolando Peñate Lima

Julio Cesar Pereira Vásquez

Gustavo Adolfo Pérez De León

Candelaria Pop Coy

Carlos Humberto Quinteros García

Nélida Isabel Ramírez MirandaPablo Francisco Ramírez Rodas Pedro Reanda Toc

Edwin Rogelio Rivas Rivas

David Rivera ChacónIsab

el Roche Reyes Santiago Rodríguez Melgar

Hugo Salazar A

spiac

Claudina Betza

bé Salaz

ar Barre

ra

Sergio Vinicio

Samayo

a Morale

s

Teresa G

raciela

Samayo

a Morale

s

Walter O

mar Sán

chez Cancin

os

Víctor

Manue

l Sán

chez

Saj

Marco A

ntonio

Santi

zo Velá

squez

David

Raud

a Sor

ales

Oren

cio So

sa Ca

lderó

n

Álva

ro R

ené S

osa R

amos

Héc

tor R

olan

do V

aldéz

Guz

mán

Tom

ás V

arga

s Bor

or

Osc

ar L

eone

l Velá

sque

z Ba

utist

a

Rudd

y A

lber

to V

illed

a Pa

dilla

Héc

tor F

elipe

Vill

egas

Ram

os

Bríg

ido

Ant

onio

Xaji

l Her

nánd

ez

* Se

rgio

Leo

nel A

lvar

ado

Aré

valo

* A

lfons

o A

lvar

ado

Pale

ncia

* Man

uel A

lfred

o Ba

iza M

olin

a

* Vict

orian

o Ba

lam Y

ool

* Osc

ar E

duar

do B

arilla

s Bar

rient

os

* Eleu

terio

Leop

oldo C

abrer

a Garc

ía

* Álva

ro Zaca

rias C

alvo P

érez

* Zoilo Canale

s Sala

zar

* Dina P

atricia

Cardoza

Rodríguez

* Prodencio De Je

sús Carre

ra Cam

ey

* Julio René C

asasola R

eyes

* Nicolás Caste

llanos Alvarad

o

* Edgar Estuardo Cetino Garnica

* Carlos Ernesto Cuevas Molina

* Pablo Cuz Moo

* José Luis De León Díaz

* Carlos Eugenio De León Gudiel

* María Escobar Lima

* Otto Reneé Estrada Illescas

* Félix Estrada Mejía* Rubén Amílcar Farfán

* Rudy Gustavo Figueroa Muñóz* Fernando Arturo Gálvez Martínez

* Lesbia Lucrecia García Escobar

* Leonso García Ramos

* Allan Gatica Paz

* Jorge Mauricio Gatica Paz

* Cresencio Gómez López

* Edgar Saturnino Gutiérrez Cabrera

* Andrés Gutiérrez G

arcía

* Octavio René G

uzmán Castañeda

* Adolfo Joel H

ermosilla N

oriega

* Pablo Gilberto H

ernández

* José Porfirio Hernández Bonilla

* José Zenón H

ernández Cusanero

* Alejandro H

ernández González

* Gerardo Ico Chub

* Loreto Ico Toc

* Otto Leonel Juárez Ram

írez* Flavio K

inico Yaqui* Sergio Saúl Linares M

orales* M

ateo Lindo Macario

* Oscar D

arío Lobos Osorio

* Santiago López Aguilar* O

swaldo López Hernández

* Max Byron López Pérez

* Gustavo Adolfo Meza Soberanis

* Milquicidet Miranda Contreras

* Tranquilino Morales Xajil

* Sandra Isabel Natareno Vásquez

* Hugo Adail Navarro Mérida

* Tyrone Hamilton Neal Estrada

* Benjamin Rolando Orantes Zelada

* Alma Lucrecia Osorio Bobadilla

* Gabriel Humberto Pérez Car

* Edgar Orlando Ramazzini

* Fernandino Rafael Ramírez Canahui

* Carlos Guillermo Ramírez Gálvez

* Miguel Ángel Reyes González * José Rodolfo Reyna López * Jose Luis Rivas

* Edgar Gerardo Rivera Arévalo

* Marta Lidia Rivera Chacoón * Yolanda Consuelo Rodriguez Artea

ga

* Manuel Is

mael Salan

ic Chiguil

* Juan de D

ios Sam

ayoa V

elásquez

* Juan

Albe

rto Sá

nchez

Manuel

* Mois

és Sa

ravia

Lópe

z

* Joa

quín

Simón

Miza

* Cés

ar A

ugus

to Su

ruy C

ano

* Nico

lás U

pun

Xini

co

* Om

ar D

ario

Vás

quez

Aba

dilla

* Dan

iel V

ásqu

ez G

arcía

* Jo

sé L

eone

l Vaá

sque

z H

erná

ndez

* Jo

sé L

uis V

illag

rán

Díaz

* A

man

cio S

amue

l Vill

ator

o

* Ed

uard

o V

illat

oro

Toled

o

* M

arci

al X

il Ch

ocoj