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7/28/2019 Ingemar Quintero Presentation
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Ingemar QuinteroChemical Engineer
I.D. Quintero1, M.A. Rodríguez2, J.A. Sorrentino3.
DEMULSIFIER-FREE SLOP-OIL EMULSION DESTABILIZATION
Keywords: Slop-Oil Pits, Water-in-Oil emulsions,
Electrostatic dehydration, coalescense, Coalescer media,
Treatment Cell; Electrode Geometry; Optical microscope.
Central University Of Venezuela
Mechanical Separation Lab
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7/28/2019 Ingemar Quintero Presentation
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Slop-Oil Pits Emulsion Estability CoalescenceElectrostatic separation
Slop-Oil Pits – Orinoco Oil Belt - Venezuela
Problem Description
Work hypothesis: DEMUSIFIER-FREE SLOP-OIL EMULSION DESTABILIZATION
Electrical field has an destabilizing effect itself and not just a coalescence
acceleration consequence (like a centrifuge) and that some synergistic
effects are possible introducing coalescence promoters.
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Methodology
Microscope
Observation Cell
“THREE LEVELS” : Three cells with emphasis on volumen increase,
batch and continuos.
Batch
Cell
Preliminary
ContinuosCell
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Results on Microscope Cell
Direct Current (DC)
Acema-100
DC
Sample volume: 2.25 mm3
Before…
After…
Microscope Observation Cell
Sampling zone
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 2 4 6
ø
W
( 4 0 µ m ) , ( % )
E, (KV/cm)
Acema-100
Results on Microscope Cell
Alter Current (AC)
Acema-100
AC
Sample volume: 2.25 mm3
Before…
After …
Microscope Observation Cell
Sampling zone
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Results on Microscope Cell
D50 (µm): Droplet diameter for a 25 % accumulate water fraction.
W (%): Approximately total water content.
DF: Destabilization Factor. DC AC
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Results on Batch Cell
- +
Zones for image capture
Acema-100
E: 2 KV/cm
DC
Sample volume: 150 mm3
Sampling zones
Results on Batch Cell:
E l e c t r o d
e
E l e c t r o d e
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Results on Batch Cell
- +
Acema-100
E: 2 KV/cm
AC
Sample volume: 150 mm3
Sampling zones
Results on Batch Cell:
E l e c t r o d
e
E l e c t r o d e
Acema-100
E: 2 KV/cm
Sample volume: 150 mm3
X A, (µm)
F 2
( X A
) , ( - )
F 2
( X A
) , ( - )
X A, (µm)
N
M
P
Original
N
M
P
Original
DC: 2 KV/cm AC: 6 KV/cm
Current type application effect – Batch Cell
F2(X A): Cumulative distribution.
X A, (µm): Water droplet diameter
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Sampling zones
Acema-100E: 2 KV/cm
Sample volume: 150 mm3
Microscope Cell and Batch Cell Comparison
Results on Batch Cell
Destabilization Factor / DC – AC / Sampling zones
Negative electrode
zoneMiddle zone Positive electrode
zoneGlobal
D F
( - )
X A, (µm) X A, (µm)
F 2
( X A
) , ( - )
F 2
( X A
) , ( - )
Batch Cell
Batch Cell
Original
Microscope Cell
Microscope CellOriginal
F2(X A): Cumulative distribution.
AC DC
X A, (µm): Water droplet diameter.
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Slop-Oil Sample Density
Acema-100 (g/ml) 0.95
°API 17.0
Guara-2 (g/ml) 0.98
°API 12.5
Merey-31(g/ml) 0.98
°API 12.3
Results on preliminary Continuous Cell
Three Samples:
- Acema-100
- Guara-2
- Merey-31
Slop-Oil Samples Water content (% v/v)
Acema-100 37
Guara-2 38
Merey-31 16
cP
Temperature (°C)
Viscosity:
Guara-2 Acema-100 Merey-31
Weight fraction (%)
S.A.R.A. Analisis:
F 2
( X A
) , ( - )
X A, (µm)
F2(X A): Cumulative fraction.
X A, (µm): Water droplet diameter
Drop size distribution:
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Sample recolector
Continuos system scheme:
Thermical resistanceSample recipient
Valve
Field application cell
Mixer
Results on preliminary Continuous CellDesign and Operating conditions:
Flat Cell
Electric Field
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
E l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
Electric field
application cell
Sample volume: 5 ml.
Electric Field
Electrode
Sample volume: 5 ml.
Flat Cell
Heating:
Glass fiber insulation
Residence time:
Orifices:
(a): 3.45 mm
(b): 2.70 mm
(a) (b)
Slop-Oil Cell Voltage application ranges (V) CurrentResidence
time
Acema-100
Flat and cylindrical
electrodes
300-600
DC / AC
Low : 20-30 s
High: 50-60 s
Guara-2 500-1000
Merey-31 400-800
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Results on preliminary Continuous CellMeasurement and analysis:
Destabilization factor:
Microscope cell (batch analysis)
Batch Cell
W0(X A) (%): Water content in droplets with higher diameters than X A in the original sample.
W(X A) (%): Water content in droplets with higher diameters than X A after electric field application.
Continuos Cell
R2 (X A, µm): Cumulative distribution; droplets fraction with diameter > X A after electric field application.
R20 (X A, µm): Cumulative distribution; droplets fraction with diameter > X A in the original sample.
.
Stadistical method: Factorial Design Acema-100 / Merey-31
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Test
number Cell Voltage Current
Residence
time
Recovered water before
centrifugation (%)
Recovered water after
centrifugation (%)
1 Flat High DC Low 9,60 25,95
2 Flat High AC High 4,54 11,95
Acema-100
Test number
Results on preliminary Continuous Cell
Test # 3: Flat cell, high voltage, DC, low residence time.
Test # 9: Flat cell, high voltage, AC, low residence time.
Guara-2
Test number
Emulsion properties
Merey-31
Test number
Test # 2: Flat cell, high voltage, DC, low residence time.
Test # 4: Cylindrical cell, high voltage, AC, low residence time
Measurement and analysis:
Acema-100
Oil phase
Aqueous phase
Centrifugal effect:
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Residence time:Low
Medium
High
Media coalescer Wettability Void fraction
Glass Rings Hydrophilic 0,84Polyethylene Spheres Hydrophobic 0,52
Glass Spheres Hydrophilic 0,56
Rocks Intermediate 0,62
Peanut shells Hydrophobic 0,72
Results on preliminary Continuous Cell with Coalescer Media
Flat Cell with Media
Coalescer
Design and Operating conditions:
Flat Cell
Tests were conducted putting media coalescer ins ide the cell.
Only flat cell was used.
Applied electric field was limited by the Chain Format ion phenomenon.
Samples: Acema-100
Merey-31
Current: AC
DC
Media Coalescer:
Centrifugation:2.700 rpm by 5 minutes
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Media
coalescer Geometry
Void
fraction
Residence
time
Recovery water (% v/v)
DC FieldDC Field +
Centrifugation
Polyethylene Spheres 0,52Low 41 92
Medium 27 65
High 3 24
Glass Spheres 0,56
Low 27 65Medium 16 38
High 3 19
Phases distributions/Centrifugal effect:
Measurement and analysis:
Results on preliminary Continuous Cell with Coalescer Media
DC
Electric field Electric field + Centrifugation
Recovery water (%)
Polyethylene
Glass Rings
Glass spheres
Peneaut shells
Rocks
No media coalescer
Electric field Electric field + Centrifugation
Recovery water
Emulsion with low water
content
Emulsion with a very low water
content
Big water droplets (floccules)High estable emulsion
Test
Tube
Acema-100 (No heating ):
Polyethylene
Glass spheres
Rocks
No media coalescer
Peneaut shells
Glass Rings
Electric field Electric field + Centrifugation
Recovery water (%)
Acema-100 (No heating ):
AC
GLASS
Espheres Rings
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Results on preliminary Continuous Cell with Coalescer Media
Merey-31 (heating ):
Optical microscopy was used to measure the destabilization.
Polyethylene spheres and glass rings were used only.
Design and Operating conditions:
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Measurement and analysis:
Results on preliminary Continuous Cell with Coalescer Media
Glass Rings Polyethylene spheres
Sample volumen collected (ml)
D F C ( -
)
5 X
Glass Rings Polyethylene spheres
Sample volumen collected (ml)
D F
C ( -
)
20 X
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Continuos phase (oil)
Colaescer media (Polyethylene)
Surfactant molecule
Water droplets (disperse phase)
Hydrophobic
Lipophilic tail
Hydrophilic head
1 2
34
Colaescer media (Glass)
1 2 3
4
Polyethylene
Glass
Measurement and analysis:
Results on preliminary Continuous Cell with Coalescer Media
Hydrophilic
Continuos phase (oil)
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Conclusions
This findings can conduct to an hybrid system for separating this slop-oils
with no chemical addition or at least with an important lowering of the
required dosage.
• Continuous system unlike batch systems, allowed the collection of separated water emulsion
during the electrostatic treatment.
• Coalescence of water droplets was observed in high stable emulsions obtaining, in some
cases, a very "good" destabilization grade. No demulsifier was added.
• There is a non-linear increment between the electric field strength and the water droplets
sizes.
• Centrifugation promotes phase separation only if the sample has previously been treated with
electric field. Electrical field has an destabilizing effect itself
• Preliminary results show that coalescer media destabilizing effect is associated with multilayer
adsorption on the material surface. Because of this, the destabilizing effect of the media decreases
significantly over time due to the saturation of the material.
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