Post on 14-Apr-2018
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1.1 TITTLE
SODIUM DODECYLBENZENE SULFONATE
1.INTODUCTION
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Laundry powder
the term detergentby itself refers specifically to laundry detergentordish detergent, as
opposed to hand soap or other types of cleaning agents.
Detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions
1.2. USES
It is a detergent or a surfactant.Having "cleaning properties, a detergent is called cleaning agent.
Soaps and Detergents are
c leaning produ cts that have
becom e an essent ial part in ou r
dai ly l ives. Cleanin g pro du cts play
an essent ial role by safely and
effect ively removing dir ts , germsand other con tamin ants , and thus
promote a hyg ienic l i festy le.
Linearalkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) are anionic surfactants widely used for the
production of detergents and household cleaners ].
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1.3. Demand/Suplay
The worldwide
consumption of LAS has
been estimated at 1.5 to 2
million tons per year
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sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
2. A CLOSER LOOK ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
SO3 anionFunctional group
Benzena
Alkyl
Part of molecule
2.1. HC chain, functional group, IUPAC NAME
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PropertiesNatrium Dodecyl benzen
sulfonateDodecyl benzen
Molecular formula C18H29NaO3S
PhasesMolar mass 348.48 g/mol
Appearance
Boiling point
Solubility in water 20%
2.2. Selective Physical properties of the product
and affect of non-covalent interaction
show the effect of geometry & hybrization, carbonlength, dipole interaction, hydrogen bond etc.
Compare Natrium Dodecyl sulfonate with Dodecyl benzen
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Na+
Formal charge S = 6-(1/2.12+0)=0 O(I) =
O(II) =
O(III)=
2. A CLOSER LOOK ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
2.3.Lewis structure and Formal charge
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SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC
SELECTED CHARACTERISTIC EXPLANATION RELATED TO SRUCTURE
cleaning properties The alkylbenzene portion of these anions is
lipophilic and the sulfonate is hydrophilic.
Biodegradability ABS with linier alkyl
groups is better than those with
branch alkyl groups
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How does it work as detergent
The lipophilic tails of the ABS molecules remain on the inside of the
micelle. The polar "heads" of the micelle form a hydrophilic outer
layer that in effect protects the hydrophobic core of the micelle.
The compounds that make up a micelle are typically amphiphilic in
nature, meaning that not only are micelles soluble in protic
solvents such as waterbut also in aprotic solvents as a reverse
micelle.
Detergent works
through the formation
of micelle that is a
drop of oil surrounded
by surfactant.
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sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
benzene + dodecene
dodecylbenzenes + sulfur trioxide
3. SYNTHESIS (Whole steps)
sulfonaion
Electrofilic aromatic
substitution
Alkylation
Acidbase
dodecylbenzenes sulfonic acid + sodium hydroxide
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+NaOH
3. SYNTHESIS (acid base reaction)
Acidbase
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dodecylbenzenesulfonate
+ SO3+ H2SO4
3. SYNTHESIS (sulfonation step)
H
sulfonaion
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REACTION OF SYNTHESIS3.1 Synthesis (substitution step)
Electrofilic
AromaticSubstitution
Alkyl + benzena
dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Consider as reactant
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3. 2. REACTANT
Chemical reactivity
2.3.Lewis structure and Formal charge
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REACTION OF SYNTHESIS3.3 REACTION MECHANISM
Electrofilic
AromaticSubstitution
Alkyl + benzena
dodecylbenzenesulfonate
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4. CLOSING:
The early ABS detergents (alkylbenzenesulfonic acid) had
an important defect. They contained branched chainmolecules that made them biologically hard, ornondegradable, which meant that the bacteria in sewagetreatment plants did not easily break them down. Thesewere replaced by degradable detergents (linear alkyl
sulfonates, LAS).
Even the biodegradable detergents are not free fromfaults. In addition to the LAS, which is the cleansing agent,or surfactant, many other substances are added, such as
builders, bleaches, conditioners, optical brighteners andenzymes. A builder prevents the formation of insolublecompounds in hard water.
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Orchem Assignment
1 . INTRODUCTION
1.1. Title (compound name), chemical structure, IUPAC/trivial name
1.2 .uses, national world supply/demand
2. SINTESIS :
2.1 Reactant, product mechanism2.2 Physical/chemical properties comparison of the product and the
reactant
2.3 A closer look on the chemical structure
(functional group, active site etc.
2.4 How it works to support its function/uses
3. Closing :
Future Aspect of the product, Research Development, Environmental
consideration
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1.TITTLE
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Polystyrene is a thermoplastic resin that is easily processed.
As such it is used in many applications such as disposables,
packaging, toys, construction, electronics and house wares.
1. 2.USES(KEGUNAAN)
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CD case Disposable polystyrene razor
General-purpose (also referred to as crystal or straight) resin is sold inthree common grades: high-heat, medium-flow and high-flow grades.
USES(KEGUNAAN)
made from general purpose polystyrene (GPPS)
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What we commonly call styrofoam, is actually the most recognizable form of foam
polystyrene packaging.
Styrofoam is the trademark of the Dow Chemical Company, the technical name of
the product is extruded polystyrenefoam
packing materials, insulation, and foam drink cups.
USES(KEGUNAAN)
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1.3. SUPPLAY/DEMAND
In 1996, world production capacity for styrene was near 19.2 millionmetric tonnes per year
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3. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTIC
Poly(1-phenylethane-1,2-diyl),
Part of molecule : benzene ring
Functional group : no
Special feature : polymer of hydrocarbon
2. A CLOSER LOOK ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTUREAND HOW DOES THIS WORK TO SUPPORT ITS FUNCTION/USES
2.1. HC chain, functional group, IUPAC NAME
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2.2. Selective Physical properties of the product
and affect of non-covalent interaction
show the effect of carbon length, dipoleinteraction, hydrogen bond
Compare boiling point of styrene with that ofpolystyrene to show the effect chain length
Compare boiling point styrene with that of the linierC8s compound to show the effect of benzene ring
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Properties styrene polystyrene
Molecular formula C8H8 ?
Molar mass 104.15 g/mol ?
Appearance colorless oily liquid Solid
Density 0.909 g/cm 1.05 g/cm3
Meltingpoint -30 C 240 C
Effect of chain length
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Special CHARACTERISTIC EXPLANATION RELATED TO
SRUCTURE
It is hard plastic with limitedflexibility.
The existence of benzene branch
It takes a very long time to
biodegrade
It does has oxygen containing functional
group
Polystyrene is a thermoplastic
substance,
It is not crystal structure
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC
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benzene ring
It is hard plastic with limited flexibility.
stacking of aromatic rings (polystyren)
2.2. Special characteristic
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Another reason is that It does not has oxygen
containing functional group
It takes a very long time to biodegrade
The reason traditional plastics are not biodegradable is because their
long polymer molecules are too large and too tightly bonded together to
be broken apart and assimilated by decomposer organisms
2.2. Special characteristic
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Polystyrene is a thermoplastic substance, which is in solid (glassy) state
at room temperature, but flows if heated above its glass transitiontemperature (for molding or extrusion), and becomes solid again when
cooled
No cross linking
If there are some cross linking, polimer become thermoset substance
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3. SYNTHESIS
Catalyst :boron trifluoride and water.
PS, is an aromatic polymermade from the aromatic monomer
styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured
from petroleum by the chemical industry.
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3. REACTANT Reactivity
2.3.Lewis structure and Formal charge
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2.2. REACTION MECHANISM
Show reaction mechanism
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4. CLOSING:
Many people are not aware of the harmful effects of Polystyrene, This article
aims to highlight some of the dangers, both to our health and to the environment.
It takes at least 500 years to decompose
Polystyrene food containers leach the toxin Styrene when they come intocontact with warm food or drink, alcohol, oils and acidic foods causing
human contamination and pose a health risk to people
Do not microwave food in Polystyrene containers
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Referensi . . .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene