Post on 02-Jan-2021
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
r)aykarN¾sikçasala
sþIGMBI
karedaHRsayvivaTmUld§antamRbB½n§c,ab;-tYnaTIrbs;
RkumRbwkSaénrd æ)altamfñak;eRkamCati
extþrtnKIrI éf¶TI 29-30 Ex mifuna qñaM 2010
RkumemFavIsMrwT§i
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r i
matika
cMNgeCIg TMB½r
matika i
GarmÖkfa ii
xøwmsarsegçb iii
EpñkTI 1 ³ cMNab;GarmµN¾rbs;RbFanRkumemFavIsMrwT§ nig RkumRbwkSaextþ 1-11
cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;kBaØaemFavI Giut mFura: RbFanRkumemFavIsMrwT§ 1
cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;Ék]tÁm mYg b:y RbFanRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI 3
cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;Ék]tÁm C½y saeyOn smaCikRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI 6
EpñkTI 2 ³ bTbgðajrbs;elak v:an; niml
EpñkTI 3 ³ bTbgðajrbs;elakRsIemFavI sat FIta
EpñkTI 4 ³ bTbgðajrbs;elakemFavI GuWm pan;Na
EpñkTI 5 ³ lT§pl én GgÁsikçasala 12-17
EpñkTI 6 ³ karvaytMél én GgÁsikçasala 18-22
]bsm<½n§ 23
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r ii
GarmÖkfa
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa )aneFVIkMEnTRmg;RbB½n§vimCÇkar nig vishmCÄkarrbs;xøÜnedIm,IFana
nUvkareKarBlT§iRbCaFibetyü nig kat;bnßyPaBRkIRk. CamYykarkMEnTRmg;énRbB½n§vimCÄkarenH
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa)anbegIátnUvc,ab;CaeRcIndUcCa c,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alXuM-sgáat; qñaM
2001 c,ab;sþIBI kare)aHeqñateRCIserIsRkumRbwkSaXuM-sgáat;qñaM 2002 nig c,ab;sþIBI karRKb;RKg
rdæ)al raCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk x½NÐ qñaM 2008 kñúgeKaledAedIm,IFanaeGaymankarGnuvtþn¾nUv
RbB½n§vimCÄkar nig vish mCÄkarRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB.
CakarBitkarGnuvtþn¾RbB½n§vimCÄkar nig vishmCÄkarenAkm<úCaCitmYyTsSvtSn¾)anbgðaj
eGayeXIjnUvsBaØaNviC¢manCaeRcIn én karGPivDÆn¾nUvmUldæanedaymankarcUlrYmBIshKmn¾mUl
dæan.k¾b:uEnþTnÞwmnwgPaBviC¢amanenHkarsikSaRsavRCav1k¾bgðajpgEdrfabBaðaCaeRcInEdlekItRtUv
)anbþwgeTAdl;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatiedIm,ICYysMrbsMrYlpSHpSaredaHRsaydUcCa
bBaðaGMeBIhwgSakñúg RKYsar bBaðavivaTGaBah¾BiBah¾ nig RKYsar nig bBaðavivaTdIFøICaedIm.
dUcenH karBRgwgsmtßPaBbEnßmeTAdl;mRnþIfñak;mUldæanBak;B½n§nwgvis½yc,ab;CaBiess
c,ab;Bak;B½n§eTAnwgGMeBIhwgSakñúgRKYsar c,ab;GaBah¾BiBah¾ nig RKYsar nig c,ab;Bak;B½n§nwgdIFøI
CaEpñkmYysMxan;edIm,IFanaeGaykaredaHRsayvivaTfñak; mUldæantamry³karpSHpSarRbkbeday
RbsiT§iPaB.
PñMeBj éf¶TI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Ex>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>qñaM 2010
RkumemFavIsMrwT§
1 Caroline Rusten, Kim Sedara,Eng Netra and Pak Kimchoeun, The Challenges Decentralization
Design in Cambodia , Cambodia Development Resources Institute(CDRI), Phnom Penh October
2004, Page 126-127
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r iii
xøwmsarsegçb
r)aykarN¾énGgÁsikçasalasþIGMBI karedaHRsayvivaTmUld§antamRbB½n§c,ab;-
tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSaénrdæ)altamfñak;eRkamCati RtUv)anerobcMeLIgkñúgeKalbMNg edIm,I
eGayRkumRbwkSaénrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatiTaMgGs;yl;dwgGMBI RbePTénvivaTmUldæanEdlRkumRbwkSa
mansiT§ikñúgkaredaHRsaytamry³karpSHpSar nigsBaØaNTUeTAénc,ab;Bak;B½n§nwgvivaTmUldæan
dUcCa³ c,ab;dIFøI c,ab;GaBah_BiBah_RKYsar c,ab;GMeBIhwgSakñUgRKYsar c,ab;ÉkBn§PaBCaedIm. r)aykarN¾enH RtUv)anerobcM nig EbgEckCa 4 Epñk rYmman ³
1> cMNab;GarmµN¾rbs;RbFanRkumemFavIsMrwT§ cMNab;GarmµrN_RbFanRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI
nigsmaCikRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI
2> bTbgðajrbs;vaKµin
3> lT§pl én GgÁsikasala
4> karvaytMél én GgÁsikçasala
cMeBaHbTbgðajrbs;vaKµin eyIg´)aneFVIkardkRsg;nUvbTbgðaj nig karBnül;rbs;vaKµin
TaMgbIrUbBak;B½n§eTAnwgcMnucsMxan; ² énkaredaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;
RkumRbwkSaénrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati dUcCa ³
1> sBaØaNGMBIc,ab;RKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ nigXuM-sgáat;
bgðajedayelak v:an; niml
2> c,ab;PUmi)al nigkaredaHRsayvivaTdIFøI bgðajedayelakRsIemFavI sat FIta
3> karedaHRsayCMelaHRKYsar edayeyagtamc,ab;GaBah_BiBah_ nigRKYsar bgðajeday
elakemFavI Guwm pan;Na
bEnßmelIenH r)aykarN_ énGgÁsikçasalaenH k¾)anP¢ab;mkCamYynUv]bsm<½n§edIm,Ipþl;
PaBgaydl;GñkGanTaMgGs; Gacyl;kan;Etc,as;GMBIkaredaHRsayvivaTmUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab;;.
PñMeBj éf¶TI>>>>>>>>>>Ex>>>>>>>>>>>>qñaM 2010
RkumemFavIsMrwT§
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
EpñkTI 1
cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;RbFan
RkumemFavIsMrwT§
RbFanRkumRbwkSaextþ nig
smaCikRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 1
cMNab;GarmµN¾ kBaØa Guit mFur:a RbFanRKb;RKgRkumemFavIsMriT§
Cabzm nag´sUmeKarB Ék]tþm mYg b:y
RbFanRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI Edl)an
GeBa¢IjCakitþiyscUlrYmebIkGgÁsikçasalae
nH. sUmeKarB Ék]tþm elakCMTav elak
elakRsI TaMgGs;EdlmanvtþmanenATIenH.
éf¶enHnag´manesckþIesamnsSrIkrayy:ag
éRkElg EdlRkum emFavIsMrwTæ mankitþiys
)anTTYlkarcUlrYmBIsMNak;Ék]tþm elak
CMTav elak elakRsI TaMgGs;. RkumemFavIsMrwTæ CaRkumemFavIEdl)anbegáIteLIgkñúgRkbxNÐKN³
emFavIénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa. viC¢aCIv³emFavICaviC¢aCIv³esrI nig ÉkraCü cUlrYmkñúgvis½yyutþiFm’.
edayEsVgyl;fa RkumRbwkSa extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ nigXMu sgáat; mantYnaTIy:agsMxan;kñúgkarelIk
kMBs;yutþiFm’sgÁm Edlnag´ GacelIkCa]TahrN_y:agsegçbdUcCa³
- GaCJaFrRsuk extþ CatYGgÁEdlGacmanxøH)ankñúgkarsRmuHsRmYlbBa©b;vivaTrvagPaKI
enAkñúgkaredaHRsayvivaTdIFøI.
- CYyTb;sáat;GMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar kñúgc,ab;GaBah_BiBah_ nigRKYsar .l.
tamry³sikçasalaenH nag´sgÇwmfa RkumemFavIsMrwTæ k¾dUcCaemFavITUTaMgRbeTs GacTTYl
)an»kasedIm,IcUlrYmelIktemþIg yutþiFm’ k¾dUcCaesdækic©sgÁmBIsMNak; Ék]tþm elakCMTav elak
elakRsI . nag´sUmGnuBaØatiCMrabCUnpgEdrfa lT§plEdl)anBIsikçasalaenH nwgepJIrCUn
RksYgmhaépÞpgEdr. fVIt,itEt RkumemFavIsMrwT§CaGñksRmbsRmYlBiFIenHEmnBit b:uEnþnag´eCO
Cak;falT§pll¥EdlnwgGacTTYl)anKWedaysarEtmankarcUlrYmCECkBiPakSaEvkEjkeGay )an
suICMerABIsMNak; Ék]tþm elakCMTav elak elakRsI TaMgGs;.
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 2
dUcenH nag´sUmeKarBGeBa¢Ij Ék]tþm elakCMTav elak elakRsI cUlrYmkarCECk BiPakSakñúg
sikçasalaeGay)aneRcIntamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an. nag´ sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;Ék]tþm elakCMTav
elak elakRsI TaMgGs; EdlmanvtþmanenATIenH. CaTIbBa©b; nag´sUmCUnBr Ék]tþm elakCMTav
elak elakRsI TTYl)annUvBuT§BrTaMgbYnRbkarKW Gayu vNѳ sux³ Bl³ RKb;eBlevla.
sUmGrKuN¡
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 3
cMNab;GarmµN_ Ék]tþm mYg b:y RbFanRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI
Cabzm ´)aTsUmeKarB kBaØa Giut mFur:a
RbFanRkumemFavIsMrwTæ . sUmeKarBÉk]tþm
elakCMTav elak elakRsI RkumRbwkSaextþ
Rsuk TaMgGs;CaTIeKarB . éf¶enH ´man
esckþIesamnSrIkrayy:agéRkElg Edlman
kitþiysNas;Edl)ancUlrYmRbkas ebIkGgÁ
sikçasala sþIGMBI karedaHRsayvivaTmUldæan
tamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én
rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatina»kasenH EdlsikçasalaenHerobcMedayRkumemFavI sMrwT§ eday)ankar
yl;RBmGnuBaØatiedayRksYgmhaépÞEdlbBa¢ak;enAkñúgs>C>N cuHEx ]sPa qñaM 2010 eGayman
karR)arB§vKÁbNþúHbNþaldl;RkumRbwkSaextþRkecH sÞwgERtg rtnKIrI mNÐlKIrI.
BitNas;eRkayqñaM 1979 eyIg)ancUlRbLÚkkñúgkic©karneya)ay k¾dUcCakic©karsgÁmCa eRcInmk
ehIy GBa¢wgehIy eyIgKitfa\lUvenH em:c)anxagemFavI elakykEtsmaCikRkum RbwkSa[cUlrYm
vKÁsikçasala? ehIyminGeBa¢IjxagmRnþIraCkarenAkñúgRkbxNÐ? GBa¢wgmann½yfaeyIgecjBIRkb
xNÐrYceTAehIy eRBaHeyIgcUlnivtþn_eTAehIy Etk¾manÉk]tþm elakCMTav elak elakRsI xøHKat;
zitenAkñúgRkbxNÐenAeLIy xøHeTotcUlnivtþr_ehIy . krNIxøHeTot Kat;)anecjBIRkbxNÐeTA
ehIymann½yfacUlnivtþn_ . ebIeyIgniyayBIbBaðaEdlTak;Tg nwg bBaðamUldæan karedaHRsay
bBaðanUvmUldæaneyIgFøab;CYbRbTHmkehIy ´sUmelIkCa]TahrN_ Et´sUmminelIkykc,ab;mk
niyayeT Tuk[xagemFavIKat;pþl;[eyIgedIm,IeFIVkarBiPakSa . ´]TahrN_mYy eRkARbFanbT
bnþic EtvaTak;TwgnwgkaredaHRsayvivaTmUldæan RbCaCncg;lk;eKa rbs;Kat; ehIyGñkTijeTAdwk
Rsab;EttampøÚveTACYbCamYyb:usþ×rdæ)alnKr)alPUmi nKr)alPUmifa mankardwkeKaRcLM b¤k¾lYceK
ehIyk¾mankarbþwgpþl;dl;b:UlIsGFikardl;Rsuk dl;kgraCGavuFhtß Rsuk GBa¢wgeKk¾ykkUneKa
enaHmkbþwgpþl;dl;bBa¢akarGavuFhtßextþ . GBa¢wgRbCaBlrdæKat;xwg sm,ar Kat;fakaredaHRsay
edayGyutþiFm’ ehIyKat;k¾naMKñaRbEhl 30-40 nak;dl;pÞH sYrrkehtupl ehIy´k¾minTan;dwg
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 4
faemPUmi Rsuk Kat; edaHRsayenaHdl;kMritNaEdr? eRBaHeBl enaHkarGnuvtþvimCÄkar
vishmCÄkar vamanBIrGaNtþimkehIy b:uEnþkaredaHRsayrbs;eyIg vaminTan;manenAfñak;XuMenA
eLIyeT . GBa¢wgRkumRbwkSaXuMeFVIGVI? EtsYrcuHsYreLIg suT§EteyIg niyay)anfaGyutþiFm’
niyayCasamBaØeTAcuH eyIgniyayfa Fmµta GñkNamanluy GñkenaHQñH GñkNaKµanluy caj;
eyIgniyaydUecñHcuH¡ GBa¢wgeyIgk¾naMKñaeTAedaHTaMgéf¶ ehIyehATaMg GavuFhtßextþ Rsuk
TaMgGFikar sñgkarmkCECkKña eRBaHeyIgminTan;faGñkNaxusKñaRtUveT ehIy´fa\lUveFVVItam´
ykkUneKaenaHeTAvij dwkdak;LaneTAvij ehIyEjkhVÚgemeKaenaHCaBIr dak;sgxagpøÚv
ehIyElgkUneKaenaH[eTArkemva eRBaHvasÁal; emvaehIy eKaenaHk¾eTArkemva.
GBa¢wgeyIgedaHRsaybBaðaenHedaytamnItiviFIRbéBNI b:uEnþGt;)aneFVItamc,ab;. dUecñH)anQñH
tamhñwg. ebIniyaytamQñH ebImineFVItamGahñwg vaQñHtam GñkNamanevaharelIseKenAPUmi
b¤enAkEnøgNamYy shKmn_NamYy KW GñkenaHQñHehIy QñHeTAelIGñkEdlGt;ecHniyay
ebIniyayBIerOgenH CnCatixagrtnKIrI minniyayBI extþRkecH sÞwgERtg mNÐlKIrI ´mindwgeT
EtenAkñúgextþrtnKIrI Kat;Gt;ecHPasaExµr ehIyGt;ecHc,ab;pg etIRtUveFVIdUcemþc? enHCabBaða
Edl´cg;elIkCa]TahrN_tambTBiesaFn_kñúgkardwknaMknøgmk eRBaHeyIgsuT§EtCaGñkdwknaMehIy
b:uEnþerOgc,ab;eyIgenAminTan;yl;enAGVIEdlBak;B½n§nwgkargarrbs;eyIgenAeLIy . knøgeTA
eyIgminTan;manc,ab;GaBah_BiBah_nwgRKYsar Rslaj;Kña cas;TuMeFVIkarsRmbsRmYlKñaeTA crcaKña
erobkarehIy . Etb:unµanqñaMenH eyIg)aneFVIkarbMeBjÉksar EbbbTGRtanukUldæan sMbuRt
GaBah_BiBah_mYycMnYn . eRBaHKat;KitfaerOgenHminsUvsMxan;eT EteyIgBüayamBnül;BYkfa
ebIeFVIeTAtamc,ab;eBlmanvibtþi vagayRsYledaHRsay .
TnÞwmnwgkarelIeLIgmkxagelIenH kñúgnamRbFamRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI ´sUmvaytMél
x<s;cMeBaHvKÁsikçasala nigsUmEføgGMNrKuNCaGtibrmacMeBaHRkumemFavIsMrwT§ nigsUmEføg
GMNrKuNCaGtibrma cMeBaHvtþmancUlrYmsikçasalarbs;smaCikRkumRbwkSaextþsÞwgERtg RkecH
nigmNÐlKIrI k¾dUcCaRkumRbwkSasmaCikkñúgextþ EdlÉk]tþm elakCMTav elak elakRsITaMgGs;
Edl)ancMNayeBlevlad¾sMxan;rbs;pgxøÜn kñúgkarGeBa¢IjcUlrYmkñúgvKÁsikçasalaenH .
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 5
CaTIbBa©b; ´sUmeKarBCUnBrbvrRbesIr CUncMeBaHÉk]tþm elakCMTav elak elakRsI
Gñknag kBaØa nigKN³GFibtI TaMgGs; sUmmansuxPaBl¥ kMlaMgmaMmYn nigRbkbedayBuT§Br TaMg
4 Rbkar KW Gayu vNѳ sux³ Bl³ kuMbIeXøogXøateLIy . CYsmux[KN³GFibtI
´sUmRbkasebIkvKÁsikçasalacab;BIeBlenHteTA. sUmGrKuN¡
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 6
cMNab;GarmµN_ Ék]tþm C½y saeyOn smaCikRkumRbwkSaextþrtnKIrI
Cabzm ´sUmeKarBGs;kBaØa Giut mFur:a
RbFanRkumemFavIsMrwT§ . sUmeKarBÉk]tþm
elakCMTav elak elakRsI CasmaCik
smaCika KN³Pi)alextþ CaTInwkrlwk nig
Gs; elak elakRsI CasmaCik smaCika
RkumRbwkSaRsuk Rkug XuM sgáat; énextþTaMg 4
CaTInwkrlwk. Ék]tþm elakCMTav Gs;elak
elakRsI CamRnþITTYlbnÞúkRbB½n§yutþiFm’ nig
GñkBak;B½n§TaMgGs;CaTIeKarB nig CaTInwk
rlwk. CakarBit cat;TukfaCakitþiyssRmab;extþrtnKIrI k¾dUcCasRmab;extþTaMg 4 enAPUmiPaK
\san EdlrYmman extþRkecH sÞwgERtg rtnKIrI nigmNÐlKIrIEdlRtUvRkumemFavIsMrwT§ EdldwknaM
edaykBaØa Giut mFur:a RbFanRkumemFavIsMrwT§)anpþl;kitþiys nigelIkTwkcitþ k¾dUcCa
EckrMElknUvcMeNHdwgTak;TgnwgkaredaHRsayvivaTkñúgmUldæan Bak;B½n§nwgc,ab;GaBah_BiBah_ nig
RKYsar c,ab;ÉkBn§PaB nigGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar nigdIFøI .
CakarBitNas; Ék]tþm elakCMTav elak elakRsI suT§EtCaGñkFøab;manbTBiesaFn_
kñúgviC¢aCIv³CaGñkrdæ)al nigCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgRbB½n§yutþiFm’ CaBiesseKarBc,ab;TMlab;kargar
kñúgmUldæan. sikçasala na»kasenH k¾cat;Tukfa CakarcUlrYmcMENkCamYyraCrdæaPi)aly:ag
sMxan; edIm,I[fñak;rdæ)aleRkamCati kan;EtTTYl)annUvcMeNHdwgfµI²EfmeTot sRmab;bgálkçN³
[sikçakamsþIBIkaredaHRsayvivaTtammUldæan)anRbRBwtþeTAedayrlUn . enHCakarqøúHbBa©aMgnUv
RbB½n§RKb;RKgtamlT§iRbCaFibetyü nigmankarcUlrYm. CakarBitehIy kardwknaMRbeTs kalNa
EpnkarGnuvtþRtUv)anTTYlkarKaMRT nigdMeNIrRbtibtþi bBaðavivaT bBaðaTMnas;EtgEtekItman enHKWCa
ktþasnüanum½t EtGVIEdleyIgcab;GarmµN_ KWcMeNHdwgrbs;GñkdwknaM GñkRKb;RKg GñkTTYlxusRtUv
kñúgsßab½nRbkbedayPaBQøasév nigyl;dwgy:agTUlMTUlayBIbBaðaTaMgenH. karedaHRsayTMnas;
´eCOfaminR)akdfa mUldæanmYymancritlkçN³dUcmUldæanmYyeTotenaHeT sßanPaBEdlenAtMbn;
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 7
sßanPaBPUmi qøúHbBa©aMgBIcitþKMnitdac;edayELkBIKña ]TahrN _ sßanPaBCIvPaB RbèBNI vb,Fm’
Gñkrs;enAtamtMbn; valrab GacmanvaGacmanlkçN³xusEbøkBI Gñkrs;enAtMbn;xaglicEdlCa
extþmancMkarekAs‘U . dUecñH sikçasalaenH KWeqøIytbcMeBaHextþ EdlenAPUmiPaK\sanEdlCYb
karlM)ak . minEmnfa eyIgbkSBYkeT sßab½neyIgmanFnFan mansmtßPaBedaHRsay
tamnItiviFIGs;ehIy k¾b:uEnþGñkTTYlykkarsRmbsRmYl b¤GMNacnItiviFI Kat;TTYlykGt;)an
krNIxøHdUcCakñúgsikçasalasþIBIkarcuHbBa¢IdI shKmn_CnCatiedImPaKtic Kat;)ansYrfa cuHebI´Ca
CnCati ebI´Gt;ecHc,ab; eBlEdl´kan;kab;dIrdæ ´maneTask¾GI? cMelIyKW RbCaBlrdæTaMgGs;
mansiT§iesµIKñaTaMgkñúgCIvPaBTaMgcMeBaHmuxc,ab; . eTaHbICadMeNIrkaredaHRsayvivaT sRmbsRmYl
vivaTeRkARbB½n§tulakar k¾vaenAEtEp¥kelIc,ab;CaPsþútagKtiyutþiEdlRtUv)ansPaGnum½t sPaEdl
CatMNagRbCaBlrdæ nigRtUvpþl;sc©ab½nedayRBHmhakSRt. eTaHbICa karedaHRsayvivaTeRkA
RbB½n§tulakar tammNÐlyutþiFm’shKmn_ b¤ehAfa mNÐlyutþiFm’ enAextþrtnKIrI manmNÐl
yutþiFm’BIr KW mYyenARsuk)anlug nigRsukGUy:adavmYy . karedaHRsayvivaTtammNÐlyutþiFm’
KWKat;TTYl)annUvkarkat;bnßynUvPaBsµúRKsµajmYycMnYnenA karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;sßab½ntulakar
b:uEnþminEmnsuT§EtRtUv)anedaHRsayenAmNÐlyutþiFm’eT RbsinebIRbRBwtþTak;TgnwgbTelµIs
RBhµTNÐ b¤ÉksaryfaPUtepSg²EdlGacykCamUldæan)an. ehIybc©úb,nñenHextþTaMg 4
eyIgTTYlsÁal;fa bBaðaGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsarenAEtman GMeBIhigSa kñúgRKYsar vaGacekItmkBIxVHkar
eyaKyl;pøÚvcitþKñarvagbþI nigRbBn§ rvagemdwknaMRKYsarnImYy² CamYynwgkUnkñúgbnÞúk b¤k¾xVH
karGt;eGan b¤mYyEpñkeTot ekIteLIgedayectnaEdlCnelµIsbgá[ekIteLIg dUcCa
mkBIkrNIk,t; b:uEnþmankrNImYycMnYneTotRKan;EtsgS½yfa k,t; eTARbRBwtþ eFVITNÐkmµelIeKEdr .
CYnkaldMeNIrerOgedIm KWCaerOgrdæb,evNI k¾b:uEnþkarseRmccitþrh½seBk edIm,IeqøIytbnwghigSa
pøÚvcitþ Kat;)anRbRBwtþbTelµIsbgá[eTACaerOgRBhµTNÐ . yb;ehIy ExPøW extþrtnKIrI TMlak;lIpÁak;
mankrNImYy enAesamsarI Gahñwg KWsßanPaBykGbiyCMenOmk elgesIc GagkaMePøIg ehIyfa
ebIkaMePøIgP¢g;GñkNa GñkhñwgRkmYyCIvit . RKan;EtGbiyCMenOb:uNÑwg bgáCakar)aj;Kñasøab;
eFVIr)aykarN_eTAGFikardæan[cat;kartamnItiviFI eBlykCnsgS½ybBa¢Ún eTAtulakar
b:uEnþcas;TuMRbéBNIrbs;Kat;faTuk[Kat;kat;esckþIvij . kEnøghñwgehIy EdlerOg GbiyCMenO
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 8
erOgrdæb,evNI bgáCaerOgRBhµTNÐ . Bak;B½n§mYyeTot erOgTMnas;dIFøI bBaðadIFøIsBVéf¶ CabBaða
EdlRbQmsRmab;rdæ)almUldæan bc©úb,nñeyIg tMNag[raCrdæaPi)alkñúgkarGnuvtþkMEN
TMrg;rdæ)al. rdæ)almYy manTMrg;BIr³ fñak;Rsuk fñak;extþ fñak;XuM manRkumRbwkSaXuM fñak;Rsuk
fñak;extþ manRkumRbwkSaextþ RkumRbwkSaRsuk CYnkalKN³GPi)alKat;seRmcpþl;GVImYy
pþl;kic©snüa b¤esckþIseRmcpþl;esckþITukcitþ[nrNamYy dl;EtmanTMnas;ekIteLIgGñkNa
GñkTTYlxusRtUv? RkumRbwkSa KWCaGñkman krNIyPaBCamYyRbCaBlrdæ BIeRBaHRbCaBlrdæCa
Gñke)aHeqñat[RkumRbwkSaXuM-sgáat; CaGñke)aHeqñatpþl;esckþITukcitþ[ebkçPaBrbs;RkumRbwkSa
Rsuk Rkug nigextþ . GBa¢wgRkumRbwkSa RtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaypÞal;CamYyRbCaBlrdæ nigCamYy
raCrdæaPi)al . ÉGPi)alextþ Kat;mankrNIyPaBCamYyRbCaBlrdæ nigTTYlxusRtUvedaypÞal;
CamYyRksYgmhaépÞ . GBa¢wgminEmn RkumRbwkSaGt;kargareFVI CYnkalkargarenAkariyal½ytic
EtGñkTnÞwgrg;caMkareqøIytbrbs;eyIg KWRbCaBlrdærbs;eyIg GñkEdlKaMRT[eyIgeFVICasmaCik
smaCika RkumRbwkSa KWRbCaBlrdæenHhñwgÉg. GBa¢wgeBlTMenrEdleyIgminsUvcUlkariyal½y
enARsuk enAextþ min)ann½yfa RkumRbwkSaTat;xül;enaHeT k¾b:uEnþeTAEsVgyl;esckþIRtUvkarTuk
lM)akrbs;RbCaBlrdæenAtammUldæan ehIyRkumRbwkSaCanic©kalRtUveKarBckçúvis½yrbs;xøÜn edIm,I
plRbeyaCn_rYm etImUldæanNaRtUvkarGVICageK? edIm,IykmkeFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMgCamYyKN³GPi)al
eBlRbCuMvisamBaØrbs;bEgVrkmµviFIGPivDÄCnbT KMeragnana edIm,IeqøIytbCamYyRbCaBlrdæ min)an
TajykplRbeyaCn_saFarN³sRmab;shKmn_ nigRbCaBlrdæ mkbMerIÉkCneT. ebIkareqøIytb
min)antamsMNUmBr b¤minpþl;esckþIsgÇwmnaM[manTMnas;pøÚvcitþ TMnas;pøÚvcitþenHÉgehIy
EdlnaM[Kat;)at;CMenOelIkarRKb;RKgrbs;eyIg. RbsinebIminenAkariyal½y eFVIkartammUldæan[
)aneRcIn eFVIkarTTYlxusRtUvCamYyRbCaBlrdæ enHCakareqøIytbcMeBaHkrNIyPaBCamYy
RbCaBlrdæedaypÞal; nigraCrdæaPi)al. enAextþ enARsuk rdæ)almanTMrg;BIr KWTMrg;Rbtibtþirbs;
KN³GPi)al nigTMrg;bBaØtþi . TMrg;bBaØtþi KW RkumRbwkSa[GñkÉgerobcMEpnkarykmkqøg
[RkumRbwkSaGnum½t RkumRbwkSaGnum½tdak;[GñkeFVI ehIyRkumRbwkSatamdanvaytMél GBa¢wg
r)aykarN_qøgextþ r)aykarN_rbs;KN³GPi)al. enHCakarpÁÚpÁg;rbs;eyIg rvagGMNacRbtibtþi
nigbBaØtþi . RkumRbwkSaminEmn CaGMNacnItibBaØtþi b:uEnþCaGMNacbBaØtþiCa rdæ)aleRkamCati.
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 9
mYyvijeTot RtUvkþab;[)annUvbBaða EdlekItmanenAkñúgmUldæanrbs;eyIg ´segáteXIjfa
CYnkaldIxøHmanbBaðaTMnas;ekIteLIgkñúgmUldæan b:uEnþfñak;RsukGt;dwgk¾fa)an Etfñak;extþdwg
ebIdwgdl;extþ KWdwgdl;raCrdæaPi)alehIy mUlehtuGVI? enHehIyehAfa RbCaFibetyü
rdæRbCaFibetyüGBa¢wg RbCaFibetyüesrIBhubkS . manPJak;garkaEst GñkykB½t’manxøHcuH
dl;mUldæan eRcInCagkmµaPi)alcuHmUldæaneTot. ´eRbIBakü kmµaPi)al KWmRnþITTYlxusRtUv
mRnþITTYlxusRtUvminsUvcuHmUldæan)aneRcIndg dUcGñkkaEst dUcGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvileT . EtGgÁkar
sgÁmsuIvilxøH Kat;eqøot»kasedIm,IRtab;bBaða[)aneRcIn vayRbharrdæ)aleyIgvijfa eyIg
GsmtßPaBRKb;RKg )anRbCaCneyIgCYbbBaðaeRcIn . enHCaerOgmYyEdleyIgKYrRbugRby½tñbMput.
enHCabBaðamYyEdlBak;B½n§nwgRbFanbTkaredaHRsayvivaTmUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab;. Bak;B½n§nwgdIFøI
TaMgGs;Kña cab;GarmµN_fasikçasalak¾)anelIkeLIgEdr . ]TahrN_Cak;EsþgmanmnusSmñak;cg;
)andIPUmi :k : suM[RksYgksikmµKUEpnTIkñúgPUmi :k : )anEpnTITMhMdI 12000 hicta [KN³
kmµaFikarGnþrRksYgcuHmkGegát eTAvas;elmelIm² PUmixøHb:HcMdIcMkarrbs;Kat;Etmþg kEnøgxøH
eTotkøayCaPUmidæan)at;ehIy ehIyGacCadIkb;exµac dIéRBGarkSrbs;Kat; cuHebIGñkFMsIuej:ehIy
emIlsuMfaebIKat;suM 12000 hicta [Et 2000-3000 hicta)anehIy edIm,Ikat;bnßyTMnas;
nigplb:HBal;GRtakMenInRbCaBlrdæ ebIKat;suM 10000 hicta cg;)an 10000 [ 10000
cg;)an 12000 [ 12000 [ 10000 k¾eRcInEdr [Et 30°-40° )anehIy.
eyIgRtUveRtomdIsgÁmkic© RtUveRtomGRtakMenInRbCaBlrdæeyIg RtUveRtomkEnøgNa CakEnøg
yfaehtu . dIRkumh‘un ebIKat;daMekAs‘U ebI[eKacUl eKaCan;ekAs‘UexÞcxÞIGs;ehIy . GBa¢wg)an
kEnøgNas Mrab;ElgeKa ElgRkbI ehIyebIfakuMxVl;[eTARkumh‘uneTA min)andaMduHGIeT naMKñakøay
Cakmµkr eKTaMgGs;eTA¡ min)ac;eFVIGIeT eFVIkmµkreK)anehIy . kalNaBaküfa ksikr
Kat;man\sSrPaB rbs;Kat; eFVIkar 4-5 em:ag 3-4 em:agmkpwkRsa ehIyedkeFVImindwg
hñwgehAfaedkeFVIcMkar EtebIeFVICakmµkreK GayuminTan; 18 qñaM Gt;RKb;Gayu eKGt;ykeT dl;Et
Gayu 65 qñaM eRbImnusScas;CraGt;)an xusc,ab; rMelaPkMlaMgBlrdæeTot . GBa¢wg mYyRKYsar 8
nak; minR)akdfamankMlaMgBlkmµeBjelj 8 nak;eT . GBa¢wgsUmCYyBicarNaKña edIm,IeFVI
krNIyPaBedaypÞal;cMeBaHRbCaBlrdæ . GBa¢wgsMNUmBr sUmKaMRTkmµviFIrbs;raCrdæaPi)al
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 10
edIm,IkuM[dI vaFøak;eTAkñúgédÉkCn ebIlk;Tij lk;Tij nwgkøayCadIÉkCn b:uEnþebIeFVIsm,aTan
esdækic© dIenaHvaenACarbs;rdædEdl b:uEnþdIEdlenAsl;BIhñwgykeTANa? ykeTAlk;? Gt;lk;eT
eyIgeRtomsRmab;sm,Tanesdækic© eRtomsRmab;GRtakMenInRbCaBlrdæ esckþIRtUvkarCayfaehtu
sRmab;RbCaCneyIg. enHCasMNUmBrrbs;´ . Bak;B½n§nwgTMnas;dIFøI sUmEføgGMNrKuNNas;dll;
RkumemFavIsMrwT§ EdlmankBaØa Giut mFur:a Edl)anbgálkçN³ebIksikçasalacMeKaledAEdlman
bBaðaTMnas;dIFøIenHeLIg GñkxøHlk;dI[eKmYysarehIy tamBitdIenaHCadIéRBeT EtGt;eXIjGñkNa
mkemIl k¾lk;bnþeTot GñkxøHlk; 1 hicta 100 duløa 3-4qñaMeRkaymkdIeLIgéfø suMEfmluy
ebIminEfmluyeT pþitemédmYyPUmiykdIvij ehIysgluy 1 hicta 100 duløamkvij eyIgman
xusÉNa? eyIgsgluyvijeNþIr+¡ GñkxøHlk;[eKehIy Tarykvij ehIyfaeKmke)ak
cuHebIeKbþwgfaGñkÉgRtUvrMelaPkic©snüa eFVIem:c? vaGacGBa¢wgEdr dUecñHehIyTamTar[RbCaCn
k¾dUcCaRkumRbwkSamancMeNHdwg ebImñak;ecHdwg BIrbInak;ecHdwg bBaðaGackat;bnßy)anehIy .
erOgmYyeTot Bak;B½n§nwgc,ab;ÉkBn§PaB ´KaMRTTaMgRsugEtmþg BIeRBaHenHbgá[manTMnas;kñúg
RKYsarminecHcb; ebIeyIgniyay[EmnETneTA TMnas;kñúgRKYsarminEmnekItmkBIxagRsIRbc½NÐenaH
eT CYnkaleyIgxUcEdr RbsinebITMBukmineTAePñAvaminmkeT. karBitGarmµN_mnusSecHEtcg;Ebøk
d¾EtecHEtcg;Ebøk erOgk¾vaecHEtEbøk²eTAtamhñwgEdr dl;EtmanbBaðakan;EtFMeLIg² kitþiysrbs;
RKYsareyIg k¾vab:HBal;eTAtamhñwgEdr minRsYlkUnrt;ecalElgenACamYyEm:« eTACaRbRBwtþGMeBI
epþspþasBak;B½n§eRKOgejon esBeRKOgejon enHCabBaða.
GBa¢wgCafµImþgeTot kñúgnamRkumRbwkSartnKIrI CYsmux[rdæ)alextþ sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;
kBaØaemFavI Guit mFur:a RbFanRkumemFavIsMrwT§ nigRkumemFavITaMgGs; Edl)anbgábriyakas[man
sikçasalaenH fVIt,itEtmanry³eBlxøI k¾b:uEnþ´eCOCak;faedaysar Ék]tþm elak elakRsI Føab;
manbTBiesaFn_ ehIyFøab;)anGnuvtþCak;EsþgenAkñúgtMbn;nUvbBaðaEdlCYbCajwkjab;. eTaHbICa
RkumRbwkSakþI rdæ)alkþI rdæ)alsIuvilkþIminmanGMNacCRmH k¾mantYnaTIGb;rM edIm,Ikat;bnßynUvGMeBI
higSa kat;bnßyGMeBIxusqÁg bTelµIsRBhµTNÐnanaEdlbgáeLIgedayectnakþI GectnakþIEdlCaTun
y:agFMsRmab;extþTaMg 4 rbs;eyIg.
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 11
´sUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaH Ék]tþm nigGs;elak CasmaCikRkumRbwkSaextþTaMg 4
RkumRbwkSaRsuk RkumRbwkSaXuM-sgáat; Edlmanvtþmanna»kasenH ehIy´eCOCak;fatamry³
xøwmsarsikçasala nigkarTTYlkarBiPakSay:agsIuCMerA RbkbedaykarykcitþTukdak;nUvkarBnül;
karbgðajrbs;vaKµind¾manbTBiesaFn_rbs;RkumemFavI ´eCOCak;fa Ék]tþm Gs;elak BitCanwg
eFVIkrNIyPaBl¥ nigkan;EtsIuCeRmACamYyRbCaBlrdæ edIm,IeqøIytbnwgkmµviFIkMENTMrg;rbs;raC
rdæaPi)al nigsUmCUnBrÉk]tþm elakCMTav elak elakRsI nigRkumemFavITaMgGs; TTYl)annUv
EpøpáaRtcHRtcg;kñúgkarbMeBjParkic©CUnraCrdæaPi)al k¾dUcCakñúgnamCaédKUrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkñúgkar
kMENTMrg; k¾dUcCaRbkbedayeCaKC½y nigkitþiys]tþúg]tþm nigk¾dUckñúgEpnkarelIktMekIgkm<úCa
kñúgsaklelak nigsUmRbkasbiTGgÁsikçasala cab;BIeBlenHteTA . sUmGrKuN¡
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 12
EpñkTI 2
bTbgðajrbs;elak
v:an; niml
¬sUmemIlÉksarP¢ab;¦
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
5
EpñkTI 3
bTbgðajrbs;elakRsIemFavI
sat FIta
¬sUmemIlÉksarEdl)anP¢ab;¦
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
11
EpñkTI 4
bTbgðajrbs;elakemFavI
Guwm pan;Na
¬sUmemIlÉksarEdl)anP¢ab;¦
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
EpñkTI 5
lT§pl
én
GgÁsikçasala
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 12
sMnYr cMelIy
kñúgvKÁsikçasalaenH sikçakamTaMgGs;RtUv)anGnuBaØateGaysYrsMnYr nig cUlrYmCamti
eyabl; karEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_ EdlTak;Tgnwgkargar b¤ ]bsKÁ edIm,IQanrknUvdMeNaHRsay
edIm,IGPivDÆn_cMeNHdwgpÞal;xøÜn eFVIeGaymanPaBgayRsYlkñúgkarGnuvtþtYnaTICaemFavImansMNYr
TaMgmandUcxageRkamenH³
s1³ c,ab;GnuRbeyaKGñkNaCaGñkseRmc?
c1³ c,ab;GnuRbeyaK KWraCrdæaPi)alCaGñkseRmc Cak;Esþgb:unµanExmunenHmanc,ab;GnuRbeyaK
mYyeTIbEtecj.
s2³ Fmµtac,ab;ecjedayrdæsPa em:c)anc,ab;GnuRbeyaKecjedayrdæaPi)al?
c2³ CaTUeTAc,ab;BitCaecjedayrdæsPa ehIyLayRBHhsßelxaedayRBHmhakSRt elIkElg
Etc,ab;GnuRbeyaKmYyenHeT.
s3³ etIeRkAbrievNvtþGaram CaRTBürbs;vtþ? sUmelIk]TahrN_
c3³ TItaMgmYycMnYnEdlenAeRkAbrievNvtþk¾GacCaRTBürbs;vtþEdr dUcCa Qabndæan Edl
PaKeRcIneKeRcIneFVIenAeRkArbgvtþ ]TahrN_ enAvtþPñMsVaykñúgextþrtnKIrIenH manpøÚvmYyeRkA
rbgvtþeTAkEnøgRBHGgÁcUlRBHniBanþ dIkEnøgenH eKcat;TukfaCadIvtþ minEmncat;TukCadIsaFarN³
rbs;rdæ CadIrbs;vtþ[EtbMerIvis½yRBHBuT§sasna.
s4³ GñkNamansiT§iTijdIÉkCnrbs;rdæ?
c4³ KWbuKÁlRKb;rUbmansiT§iTijdIÉkCnrbs;rdæ [EtRBmeRBogRtUvrUverOgtémþCamYyrdæ.
s5³ c,ab;PUmi)alecjkñúgqñaM 2001 Gnuvtþ 2003 cenøaHeBlenHemXuMsIuej:elIlixitkan;kab;
kmµsiT§idIFøIedaymindwgfaeKGnuvtþc,ab;fµIenHeT etIGñksIuej:enaHmaneTasb¤eT? ebIkarpSBVpSay
c,ab;enaHminTan;dl;RbCaBlrdæ etIGñkGnuvtþxus b¤karGñkEdlRtUvpSBVpSayxus?
c5³ emXuM Kat;minmansiT§iecjviBaØab½RtkmµsiT§idIFøIeT Kat;RKan;EtmansiT§ibBa¢ak;faGñkNaCam©as;
kmµsiT§ib:ueNÑaH b:uEnþÉksarTaMgenH minEmnCaÉksarEdlbBa¢ak;fa GñkenaHCam©as;kmµsiT§ieT
KWvaRKan;CaÉksarmYyEdlGacPsþútagCaPsþútab:ueNÑaH . manEtRksYgEdndInKrUbnIykmµ nig
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 13
sMNg;b:ueNÑaH EdlGacecjb½NÑkmµsiT§ienaH)an . dUecñH ebImanvivaTekIteLIg ÉksarEdlemXuM
ecAsgáat;sIuej:enH RKan;EtCaPsþútag EdleKdak;CUntulakarBicarNab:ueNÑaH. s6³ GVIeTACab½NÑkmµsiT§isßaBr? nigGVIeTACaviBaØab½NÑb½RtsMKal;;Gclnvtßú? etIBIrenHxusKña
dUcemþc?
c6³ b½NÑkmµsiT§isßaBr KWsMedAelIePaKI EdlKat;dak;BaküesñIsuMkan;kab;dIFøItamry³emPUmi emXuM
rhUtdl;rdæ)alRsuk . edIm,I)anb½NÑkmµsiT§isßaBr Kat;RtUveKarBlkçxNÐ 5 y:ag dUcCa
kan;kab;eday BitR)akd KµanhigSa dwglWCasaFarN³ kan;kab;edayKµanGak;xanry³ 5 qñaM nig
edaysuc©rit. ePaKI Kat;minTan;mansiT§ikmµsiT§ieT ePaKI KWxusBIkmµsiT§ikrdac; KWKat;suM
kan;kab;dICak;EsþgelIdI edayeFVIkaresñIsuMeTAPUmi)alRsuk PUmi)alRsukecjbgáan;édTTYlBakü
esñIsuMkan;kab;dIFøI EdlbBa¢ak;BIePaKIRsbc,ab;enAelIdIenaH KWedIm,IQaneTAdl;karTTYl)annUvb½NÑ
kmµsiT§isßaBr . RbsinebIKat;bMeBjtamlkçxNÐTaMgR)aMxagelIRKb;ehIy dUecñHKat;suMb½NÑkmµsiT§I
sßaBr)anehIy . EtminEmnsuMPøam )anPøameT KWRtUvmandMeNIrkarcuHGegátvas;EvgeTot edayeFVI
kMNt;ehtuGegátdI EdlRtUvmansakSICab;RBMdImkpþitemédfa dIenaHminCan;elIdIrbs;eKeT.
ehIyeKRtUvbiTRbkasBI kMNt;ehtuGegátdIenaH edIm,I[GñkEdlBak;B½n§nwgdIenaHmansiT§iCMTas;
RbsinebIdIenaHb:HBal;dl;dIrbs;eK . ebIKµanGñkNaCMTas;eT KWKat;GacTTYlnUv)anb½NÑkmµsiT§I
sßaBrehIy.
cMENkviBaØab½RtsMKas;Gclnvtßú KWCab½NÑkmµsiT§iEdleFVIeTAtamsm½ykal .
s7³ GVIeTAdIcMNIpøÚv?
c7³ dIcMNIpøÚv CadIsaFarN³rbs;rdæ cMENkcMgayb:unµanBIpøÚv EdleKcat;TukCadIcMNIpøÚv KWman
Rbkasrbs;RksYg EdlkMNt;eTAtamTMhMpøÚvnImYy².
s8³ GVIeTAdIRcaMgTenø? dIb:unµanKitBIRcaMg eTIbehAdIRcaMgTenø? dIb:unµanEm:RtBIRcaMgTenø Edlrdæmin
GaceFVIkmµsiT§ieGay?
c8³ dIRcaMgTenø CadIsaFarN³rdæ eyIgminGackMNt;fadIb:unµanBIb:unµanBITenø CadIRcaMgTenøenaHeT KW
eKKitBIkMritTwkEdlx<s;bMputenArdUvR)aMg nigTabbMputenArdUvvsSa . bc©úb,nñeyIgTan;GackMNt;fa
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 14
b:unµanEm:RtenAeLIy eRBaHsBVéf¶RksYgEdndI kMBugeFVIesckþIRBagc,ab;sþIBIkarkMNt;GtþsBaØaN
BIRbePTdITaMgenH.
s9³ etImankarsm,TandINamYyEdlTak;Tgnwgkarkan;kab;dIeT ebIKat;)andaMedImsVayCaeRcIn
edImehIy eTaHbICaKat;cUlmkkan;kab;dIenHeRkayqñaM 2001 ehIyk¾eday?
c9³ CaeKalkarN_ KWKµankarTTYl)ansm,TandINamYyeT eRBaHc,ab;cat;TukfaKat;CamnusScUl
kan;kab;dIenaHedayxusc,ab;eTAehIy . dUecñHc,ab;minTTYlsÁal;karkan;kab;rbs;Kat;Rsbc,ab;
eLIy eTaHbICakarkan;kab;eRkayqñaM 2001 enaH elIsBI 5 qñaMk¾eday. dUecñH Kµansm,andI
NamYysMrab;Kat;eLIy ehIyebItulakar[Kat;erIecj Kat;RtUvEterIecj edayminGacTTYl)annUv
sMNgeT eTaHbICaKat;)andMNaMeRcInb:uNÑa b¤sagsg;GVIelIdIenaHk¾eday.
s10³ RbsinebImanGñkCitxagdaMedImeQIlycUldIkmµsiTi§krmYyeTot etIeyIgGackab; b¤bHyk
plBIedImeQIEdllycUldIrbs;eyIg)anEdrb¤eT?
c10³ maRta 91 énc,ab;PUmi)al EcgfaeyIgGaceFVI)an . EtCaeKalkarN_ GnuvtþCak;Esþg
vaGacmankarRBmeRBogBIm©as;RBMdI CYlkalKat;min)ac;kab;eT EtGacbHykplbriePaKBIEmk
EdllycUlmk)an KWGaRs½yeTAtamkarRBmeRBogrbs;kmµsiTi§kr EtebIm©as;edImeQIenaHminRBm
kmµsiTi§krEdledImeQIlycUlGackab;EmkEdllycUlmk)an. s11³ kñúgkrNIRKYsarmYyerobkarehIy Gt;mankUn ehIyRbBn§sµ½RKcitþRBm[bþIykRbBn§
mYYyeTot etIPriyamansiT§i[bþIykRbBn§mñak;eTot edIm,IbnþBUC)anEdreT?
c11³ eTaHbICaKUPaKIRBmeRBog k¾c,ab;minGnuBaØatiEdr karN_EdlminGnuBaØatienH KWk¾kñúg
eKalbMNgmin[b:HBal;dl;RbéBNIl¥rbs;RbeTseyIg .
s12³ GñkxøHElglHKñaehIy etIKat;GacRtUvrUvKñavij)aneT?
c12³ c,ab;GaBah_BiBah_ nigRKYsar 1989 min)ankMNt;famin[bþIRbBn§EdlElglHKña RtUvrUvKña
vijenaHeT KWebIKat;cg;rs;enACamYyKñavij Kat;GacsuMcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_fµI)an.
s13³ KUsVamIPriyamYyKUerobkar min)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ EtBYkeK)ansMuc,ab;erobGaBah_
BiBah_RtwmRtUv )ansuMElglHenAtulakar Etem:ck¾tulakareGayXuM-sgáat;seRmcvijdEdl?
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 15
c13³ ebIKUsVamIPriyaenaH min)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_eT KWGaBah_BiBah_enaHBMumanlkçN³
Rsbc,ab;eT ebIbBa¢ÚneTAtulakar tulakarKµansmtßkic©eLIy tulakarnwgbBa¢ÚneGayXuM-sgáat;
pSHpSarvij.
s14³ etIRkmrdæb,evNIqñaM 1967 nigRkm 2007 eKeRbITaMgBIr ?
c14³ \lUvenH Rkmrdæb,evNI 2007 eKminTan;eRbI)anenAeLIyeT rg;caMc,ab;edayELkkMNt;
[eRbI. dUecñH Rkmrdæb,evNIqñaM 1967 enAEtRtUv)aneRbIR)as; eRBaHminTan;manc,ab;NamYy
nirakrN_Rkmrdæb,evNIqñaM 1967 enHenAeLIy.
s15³ kMCab;BaküRtUveFVICalaylkçGkSrrWeT? knøgmkmanEtehA[cas;TuMdwglW.
c15³ c,ab;mintMrUveGayeFVICalayGkSrenaHeT ebIKat;cg;eFVICalaylkçGkSr Kat;GaceFVI)an.
s16³ etICaeKalkarN_c,ab; etImaRtaNamYy EdlkMNt;faGacerobkar)an edaymincaM)ac;man
karRBmeRBogCamYy«Bukmþay?
c16³ KµanmaRtaNamYyEdlEcgfaGacerobGaBah_BiBah_)anedaymincaM)ac;mankarRBmeRBogBI
«BukmþayenaHeT KW[EtBYkKat;eKarBnUvlkçxNÐRKwH niglkçxNÐTMrg;dUcEdlmanEcgkñúgc,ab;
GaBah_BiBah_ nigRKYsar dUcCakarbiTRbkasGaBah_BiBah_ edIm,IRbsinebIeK[GacbþwgCMTas;)an
RbsinebImineKarBeTAtamlkçxNÐ.
s17³ burs k nig narI x Rslaj;Kña Et«BukmþayxagRsICMTas; eday[narIerobkarCamYyburs
epSg . bursmanGayu 25qñaM ehIynarIenaHGayu 19qñaM etIBYkKat;GacdwkédKñaeTAcuHsMbuRtGaBah_
BiBah_)aneT?
c17³ ebItamkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg KW)an EtebItampøÚvc,ab; KWmin)an BIeRBaH vamanlkçxNÐ 3
lkçxNÐTMrg; dUcCakaresñIsuMGaBah_BiBah_ karbiTRbkasCasaFarN³ edIm,I[PaKIBak;B½n§bþwgTas;.
karcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ ebImRnþIGRtanukUldæanfñak;Cati Kat;cuH[ k¾eyIgmindwgfaem:cEdr
b:uEnþeTaHCay:agNa c,ab;k¾RtUvEtKitBIsIlFm’ vaCakrNIepSgeTot. dUecñH mRnþIGRtanukUldæanEdl
Kat;seRmccuH k¾minKitfaxusEdr BIeRBaHlkçxNÐGayu KWRKb;RKan; RKan;EtxuslkçxNÐTMrg;tictYc
´KitfaGaceFVI)an.
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 16
s18³ ebICnCatiLav qøgmkTwkdIkm<úCaehIycg;erobkarCamYynarIExµr etIGaccuHsMbuRtGaBah_
BiBah_)aneT?
c18³ CnCatiLavenaH ebIKat;cg;erobGaBah_BiBah_CamYynarIExµr bursCnCatiLavenaH RtUv
bBa¢ak;CalixitBIGaCJaFrLavBIPaBenAlIvrbs;Kat; niglixitepSg²eTot ehIyykmkqøgenA
RksYgkarbreTskm<úCa edayRksYgkarbeTskm<úCanwgbBa¢ak;B½t’manenaHCamYysßanTUtLavenA
km<úCaeTot edIm,IepÞogpÞat;faetIB½t’manenaHRtwmRtUv b¤mankarEkøgbnøM ehIyRksYgkarbreTsnwg
bBa¢ÚnlixitTaMgenaH eTARksYgmhaépÞ ehIyRksYgmhaépÞnwgbBa¢ÚnlixitenaHeTAmRnþIGRta
nukUldæanEdlnarI b¤bursenaHrs;enA ebIlixitTaMgGs;manlkçN³RtwmRtUvtamc,ab;ehIy Kat;GaccuH
sMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_)anehIy .
s19³ bursmñak; b¤narImñak; Kat;enAbreTs ehIycg;eerobkarCamYyCnCatiExµr EtKat;min)an
bBa¢ak;BIPaBenAlIvenARsukKat;eT EtKat;manRkumh‘unenARsukExµr etIGacbBa¢ak;BIPaBenAlIv
rbs;Kat;)aneT?
c19³ cMeBaHkarksagÉksarrbs;CnbreTs minEmnCnCatiExµr KWKat;RtUvEtbMeBjEbbbTCa
TMrg;eTAtamnItiviFIc,ab;rbs;RbeTsKat; eTaHbICaKat;manRkumh‘unenARsukExµrEmnBit EtRkumh‘un
b¤sßab½nenaH minGackMNt;BIlkçN³buKÁlrbs;Kat;)aneT . dUecñHmanEtsmtßkic©rdærbs;Kat;
b:ueNÑaH EdlGacbBa¢ak;)an . Kat;RtUveFVItamc,ab;RbeTsKat; ehIybBa¢ÚnmkRksYgkarbreTs
km<úCaepÞogpÞat;PaBRtwmRtUvCamYysßanTUt b¤sßankugs‘ulrbs;RbeTsKat;enAkm<úCa ehIyRksYg
karbreTs b¤sßankugs‘ulnwgbBa¢ÚnlixitTaMgenHeTARksYgmhaèpÞ RksYgmhaèpÞ nwgbBa¢Únmk
mRnþIGnuRtakUldæanEdlKURskrfµInwgerobGaBah_BiBah_.
s20³ ebIKat;min)anbBa¢ak;BIPaBenAlIveT EtKat;)anerobkarrYceTAehIy ebI)ankUn)anecAehIy
etIKat;GaccUlsBa¢ati)aneT?
c20³ edIm,I[GaBah_BiBah_mYyRsbc,ab; Kat;RtUveKarBnUvlkçxNÐEdlmanEcgkñúgc,ab;énRbeTs
km<úCasin . cuHebIGt;)anbBa¢ak;lixit[)anRtwmRtUv EtGaCJaFrKat;GnuBaØati[erobkarCamYyKña
)aneT? cMelIyKW Kat;GaceFVI)anRtwmEtenAPUmiXuMeT Etc,ab;minGnuBaØati[Kat;eFVIeT enAeBlman
bBaða dUcenHKat;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHc,ab; eRBaHc,ab;hamKat;min[Kat;eFVI. GBa¢wg eBlmankUn
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 17
manecACaerOgmYyeTot KW karTTYl)ansBa¢atiman 3 KW TI 1> karTTYlsBa¢atitamkMeNIt TI 2>
tamGaBah_BiBah_ nigtamsBa¢atUbnIykmµ . RbsinebIeBlCnbreTs b¤CnCatiExµr erobkarCamYy
Kña mann½yfaKat;GacTTYl)ansBa¢atiExµrehIy elIkElgEtKat;mincg;)an b:uEnþenAkñúgc,ab;sBa¢ati
ExµreyIgGacmansBa¢atiBIr eTaHbICaKat;eTAenAGaemrik cUlsBa¢atiGaemrikk¾eday k¾rdæExµreyIg
Fanamin[BlrdæExµr )at;bg;sBa¢atiExµrEdr . GBa¢wgKat;mankatBVkic©cMeBaHc,ab;km<úCapg nig
c,ab;breTsEdlKat;TTYl)ansBa¢atipg . EtRbeTsmYycMnYn minGnuBaØati[Kat;TTYl
)ansBa¢atiBIrenaHeT KWRtUve)aHbg;sBa¢atimYysin . kareqøIytbnwgsMnYr³ karTTYl)ansBa¢atiCa
lkçxNÐTI 2 eT sMxan;eFVIem:c[GaBah_BiBah_rbs;Kat;Rsbc,ab;sin. RbsinebIsMNuMÉksarmin
)anbMeBjRtwmRtUvEdlRbeTssamuIbBa¢ak;[ EtGaCJaFreyIgenAEtsIuej:[ enaHKWKat;RtUvTTYlxus
RtUvxøÜnÉg.
s21³ bMrammin[erobGaBah_BiBah_ buKÁlKµanBlanuPaBénlwgÁminGacerobkar)an cuHebInarI
minGacmankUn)anvij?
c21³ karBitRsþIEdlminGacmankUn)ank¾KYrEtcat;CabMrammin[erobGaBah_BiBah_Edr b:uEnþkar
GnuvtþCak;Esþg KWeKminKitBIcMnucenHeT.
s22³ etItulakarmanc,ab;sRmab;kat;eTasPaKIxagRsIeT RbsinebIPaKIxagRsIerobkarfµI
ehIybursCabþIenAq¶ay EtminmanRsIjIGIeT ?
c22³ c,ab;kMNt;fa kalNabþIRbBn§enaH EbkKñaGs;ry³eBlCag 1qñaM Kat;Gacdak;Bakü
ElglH ehIyerobkarfµI)an.
s23³ ebInarIcg;erobkarfµI ehIybursCabþImindwgenATINa ebIsinCanarIenaHdak;BakübþwgeTAtulakar
etItulakarGacecjdIkaEsVgrkCnenaHeT?
c23³ RbsinebIdwgBITItaMgEdlKat;rs;enA eKGacdak;BakübNþwgeTAtulakarrbs;cugcMelIy)an
ehIyeKGackat;kM)aMgmuxKat;)an RbsinebIekaHehIycugcMelIyenaH 3 dgehIy Kat;mincUl.
dUecñH tulakarGacecjsalRkmkM)aMgmuxRbkasBIkar)at;xøÜnrbs;cugcMelIyEdlCabþI ehIynarIenaH
GacerobGaBah_BiBah_fµI)an.
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 18
EpñkTI 6
karvaytMél
én
GgÁsikçasala
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 18
karvaytMélénvKÁsikçasala
1> karvaytMél sikçasala
1>1> karerobcMTUeTAénsikçasala
tamry³karvaytMélrbs;EdldkRsg;BItaragvaytMél sikçakam 23° )anvaytMél
l¥xøaMg 74° vaytMéll¥ nig 3° vaytMélmFüm elIkarerobcMTUeTAénGgÁsikçasalaenH
EdlnaMeGaysikçasaladMeNIrkareTAya:grlUn .
1>2> karsMrbsMrYlrbs;Rkumkargar
26° énsikçakamEdlcUlrYm )aneFVIkarvaytMéll¥xøaMg 72° )anvaytMélfal¥ nig 2°
)anvaytMélmFüm elIkarsMrbsMrYlrbs;Rkumkargar EdlCMrujeGaykmµviFIenH man
skmµPaBpuspulTaMgvaKµin nig GñkcUlrYm .
2> Éksar
44° énkarvaytMélrbs;sikçakam yl;faÉksarEdlpþl;CUnl¥xøaMg 51° vayvaytMél
l¥ nig 5° vaytMélmFüm ebIeFobeTA nwgkareFVIbTbgðajrbs;vaKµin .
3> RbFanbT nig xøwmsar
90° énsikçakam yl;faRbFanbT nig xøwmsarmanRbeyaCn_xøaMg EdlGacCYydl;kar
edaHRsayvivaTenAkñúgmUldæanrbs;BYkKat; nig 10° vaytMélfamFüm.
4> eBlevlaénbTbgðaj nig »kassYrrbs;sikçakam
26°énsikçakam )anvaytMéll¥xøaMg 49° vaytMélfal¥ nig 25° vaytMélmFüm
cMeBaHkarkMnt;eBlevlaénbTbgðaj nig karpþl;»kasdl;sikçakamedIm,IsYrsMnYr k¾dUcCa
karEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_BIsikçakamdéTeTot .
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 19
5> ry³eBlénsikçasala
87° énsikçakamEdl)ancUlrYmsikçasalaenH vaytMélry³eBlénsikçasalaman
ry³eBllµm nig 13° vaytMélfamanry³eBlxøIeBk.
6> cMeNHdwgrbs;vaKµin
21° énsikçakamEdl)ancUlrYmsikçasalaenH vaytMélcMeNHdwgrbs;vaKµinl¥xøaMg 77°
vaytMélfal¥ nig 2° vaytMélfamFüm .
7> Gnusasn_edIm,IEklMGrdl;bTbgðajrbs;vaKµinsMrab;sikçasalaelIkeRkay
CamYynwgkarvaytMélelIvKÁsikçasalaenH sikçakam)anpþl;CaGnusasn_edIm,IEklMGr
dl;bTbgðajrbs;vaKµinnImYy² dUcxageRkam³
- sUmTukeBlxøH² cenøaHBIRbFanbTmYyeTARbFanbTmYyeTot edIm,IeGaysikçakam)ansYr
eTAvaKµinnUvcMNucEdlmancm¶l; .
- karbgðajrbs;vaKµinnImYy² minelOneBk k¾minyWteBk KYrTTYlyk)an
- bTbgðajrbs;vaKµinnImYy²)anc,as;las;l¥ nigmankarGt;Fµt;cMeBaHkareqøIyBnül;dl;
sikçakam kñúgbMNgcg;[sikçakam)anyl;dwg)anRtwmRtUvkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðamUldæan.
- edayeBlevlakñúgsikçasalaxøIeBk vaKµinTaMgGs;BuMGacBnül;lMGit)an.
- sUmvaKµinEdleFVIbTbgðaj CYyriHrkKMnitl¥ nigkar]eTÞsnam[kan;Etl¥CagenHEfmeTot.
- sUmbkRsay nigsMrYlBaküeBcn_ nigmaRtac,ab;eGaysikçakamgayyl;.
- bTbgðajrbs;vaKµinl¥ Gacsþab;Tan; kt;Rta)an .
- sUmsresIrdl;karerobcMsikçasalaenH . cMeBaHvaKµinsUmelIk]TahrN_Cak;EsþgxøH edIm,I
bBa¢ak;dl;sikçakam)anyl;dwgEfmeTot. edayE;;Lk´sMKal;eXIjfa elakRKU GñkRKU
v½yekµgQøasév yl;dwgGMBIc,ab;smRsbCaRkumemFavI.
- eBlevlaxøIeFVIeGaybTbgðaj nigkarEckrMElkBIKñaeTAvijeTAmkBuM)anl¥itl¥n; nigsIuCMerA.
- eBlevlaxøIeBk bkRsaymincb;.
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 20
- sUmekatsresIredayesµaHcMeBaHbTbgðajrbs;RkumemFavI Edl)anelIkykRbFanbT
Rbkbedayxøwmsar nigGtßn½ysMxan;²Bak;B½n§nwgkaredaHRsayvivaTenAmUldæan Biess
bBaðadIFøI GaBah_BiBah_ nigRKYsar EdlCabBaðaCaGaTiPaB EdlekItmanenARKb;mUldæan
nigRsbnwgtYnaTIParkic©rbs;eyIg´CaRkumRbwkSaRKb;fñak;.
- kñúgkarbkRsaybgðajrbs;vaKµinnImYy²enAsMnYrmYy sUmeGaymankareRbobeFobpg.
- sUmekatsresIredayesµaHcMeBaHbTbgðajrbs;RkumemFavIEdl)anelIkykRbFanbT
Rbkbedayxøwmsar nigmanGtßn½ysMxan;²Bak;B½n§enAnwgvivaTenAkñúgmUldæan nigRsbeTAnwg
tYnaTIParkic©rbs;eyIg´CaRkumRbwkSafñak;eRkamCati.
- sUmesñIvaKµinCYypþl;ÉksarpøÚvkarCaGMNHGMNagdl;xøwmsarénemeronmYy². ]TahrN_³
eyIgeronBIkarElglH sUmRsg;vaküxNÐTak;TgnwgkarElglHBIRKb;c,ab;EdlkMBugeRbI
R)as;enAkm<úCabc©úb,nñpg.
- eBlsikçasalaelIkeRkay sUmeGayvaKµineFVIbTbgðaj[)ansIuCMerA edayP¢ab;nUv]Ta
hrN_EdlBak;B½n§mkeFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMg edIm,I[sikçakamgayyl; nigcab;)annUvRbFanbT
Edl)anelIkeLIg.
- KYrEtpþl;nUvbBaðaxøHEdlBak;B½n§ nigekItmanCak;Esþg ehIyedaHRsaymin)antampøÚvc,ab;
eRBaHmUlehtuGVI?
- karedaHRsayeTAtampøÚvc,ab; vagayRsYlNas; EtkarrMelaPc,ab;edaHRsaymin)an
ehIynigmanGyutþiFm’eTotenaH vanaMeTAdl;karP½yxøac b¤CMenOrbs;RbCaCnenAelIrdæ)al
nigmineCOeTAelIc,ab;.
- karbgðajrbs;vaKµinnImYy²)anbgðajGMBIRbFanbTnImYy² eFVIeGayeyIg´gayyl;elI
RbFanbTnImYy².
- ebIGaceFVIbTbgðaj)annUvkarvinicä½y b¤svnakarrbs;erOgRBhµTNÐ b¤rdæb,evNINamYyCak;
Esþgrbs;tulakarextþNamYy Tak;TgeTAnwgemeronTaMgenH.
- enAkñúgRbFanbTmYysuM[manlMhat;sMxan;²[)aneRcIn.
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 21
- KYrman]TahrN_samBaز niglMGit[)aneRcIn . KYrbkRsayniymn½yénBakümYycMnYn
enAkñúgc,ab;EdlsikçakamBuMsUvEdleXIj.
- sUm[vaKµinnImYy² elIkeLIgnUv]TahrN_Cak;Esþgy:ageRcIn edIm,I[sikçakamyl;kan;Et
c,as;nUvc,ab;PUmi)al nigc,ab;vivaTRKYsar.
- sMNUmBr[RkumemFavIsMrwT§ ebIkvKÁenH[)aneRcInbnþeTot ehIysUm[RKU]eTÞsnam
bkRsay[)anc,as;nUvxøwmsarnImYy² eRBaHcMNuHxøHminTan;c,as; EtPaKticeT.
- sUmvaKµinEdleFVIbTbgðajCYyriHrkKMnitl¥ nigkar]eTÞsnam[ritEtl¥CagenHEfmeTot.
sUmbkRsay nigsMrYlBakü nigmaRtac,ab;[sikçakamgayyl;.
- sikçasalal¥
- sikçakam)ancUlpøas;bþÚreyabl;elIkenHeXIjfaTTYllT§pl)anl¥ BRgIkkaryl;dwgrbs;
BYk´Casikçakam
- Gnusasn_ nigbTbgðajeXIjfal¥ kñúgkarerobcMkþIeXIjfal¥ KµanbBaðaGVIeT
- Gnusasn_rbs;Gs;elak elakRsIRkumemFavI karbgðajGMBIemeronnImYy²l¥RbesIr.
8> sMnUmBr
RsbKñaCamYykarvaytMélnana sikçakam)aneFVIkarsMnUmBrEdlmandUcCa³
- smtßkic©Bak;B½n§BuM)ancUlrYm ¬GaCJaFrmUldæan/ nKr)al/ kgraCGavuFhtߦ edIm,IBiPakSa
CamYyRkumRbwkSa BIeRBaHRkumRbwkSa nigGaCJaFrCamRnþIrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatiTaMgGs;Kña.
- sikçasalamanry³xøIk¾BitEmn EtmanxøwmsarsMxan;sRmab;GñkGnuvtþkñúgmUldæan
- sMuebIksikçasalaeGaymanry³eBlEvgCagenH.
- ebIksikçasalaelIkeRkay²eTot esñIsuMrkTIkEnøgEdlmanm:asIunRtCak;. nigsuMvaKµineRbI
emRkUenAeBl]eTÞsnam
- saleFVIsikçasalamanPaBekþA bnÞb;Twkminsmrmü karevcx©b;ÉksarminTan;eFVIeGayman
PaBTak;Tajsikçakam[mancitþcg;ykmkemIlsareLIgvij. Éksarl¥mantMélmansar³
sMxan;sRmab;mnusSRKb;rUb Etkarevcx©b;mins¥at minesµItMélÉksar.
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 22
- karbBa©aMgsøayminsUvc,as; emIlGkSreXIjRBil² sUmEksRmYleGay)anc,as;l¥.
- sUmsikçasalaelIkeRkayeFVIenAextþmNÐlKIrImþg.
- vKÁeRkay sUmeFVIenAextþmNÐlKIrImþg.
- kñúgsikçasalaenH bBaðaEdl)anCYbRbTHBuMmanGVIKYreGaykt;sMKal;eLIy kargarEdl
RbRBwtþeTA)anl¥RbesIrCaTUeTA. sMNUmBr sUm[smasPaBsikçakammanKN³GPi)al
extþ-Rkug-RsukcUlrYm eRBaHKN³GPi)alCaGñkGnuvtþpÞal;kñúgkaredaHRsayvivaTmUldæan
Cak;EsþgdUcCaKN³kmµkarsurieyadIextþ-RsukedaHRsayCMelaHdIFøIextþ-Rsuk mansmas
PaBKN³GPi)alkñúgenaHEdr.
- sikçasalasþIBIkaredaHRsayvivaTmUldæn dUcCavivaTdIFøI c,ab;PUmi)al nigc,ab;GaBah_
BiBah_ ry³eBl 2 éf¶enH KWmanGtßn½y nigcMbBaðaEdlmanenAkñúgmUldæanpÞal;. dUecñHsUm
eGayRkumemFavIsMrwT§CYynUvvKÁbNþúHbNþalbEnßmeTot Biessdl;RkumRbwkSaXuM-sgáat;
TaMgGs;enATUeTARbeTs.
- brimaNénsikçakam)ancUlrYmsikçasalamancMnYnticeBk. KYr[mansikçakameRcInCagenH
cUlrYm. sikçasalasþIBIkaredaHRsayvivaTmUldæan ebImaneTot sUm[sikçakamdEdleBl
enHcUlrYmeTot.
- kñúgsikçasalaenHmankarerobcM)anl¥ )anpþl;»kaseRcInsRmab;TukCavaKµin)aneFVI
bTbgðaj nigkarsRmbsRmYl)anl¥. sMNUmBr ebImansikçasalaelIkeRkay[man
karBiPakSaCaRkumcMruHextþ-Rsuk edIm,I)ansÁal; nigmanPaBkan;Etsñitsñalrvagsikçakam
EdlmkBIextþnana.
- sMNUmBrsUmRkumemFavIbnþvKÁbNþúHbNþalenHCabnþeTAeTot.
- suMpþl;Éksarc,ab;EdlBak;B½n§RbFanbTEdl)anbgðaj
- sUmbBa¢ak;tamemeronnImYy² [yWtbnþic edIm,IeyIg´yl;)anl¥.
- sMNUmBrsRmab;sikçakamnUveBleRkay emtþaerobcMesovePAeTAtamsøaybBa©aMg
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 23
]bsm<½n§
r)aykarN¾sikçasala sþIBI karedaHRsaybBaðamUldæantamRbB½n§c,ab; ³ tYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSa én rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati
sMrbsMrYl nig erobcMedayRkumkargar én RkumemFavIsMrwT§ TMB½r 23
]bsm<½næ
1> taragkmµviFI én GgÁsikçasala
2> Éksaremeronrbs;elak v:an; niml
3> Éksaremeronrbs;elakRsIemFavI sat FIta
4> Éksaremeronrbs;elakemFavI Guwm pan;Na
5> vtþmanGñkcUlrYm