Sistemas Inteligentes Clase 1: Introducción a la Inteligencia

Artificial

Javitt Higmar Nahitt Padilla Franco, C.Ph.D. Depto. de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Computación

Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez

Why Study AI?

Sony AIBO

SciFI AI?

AI Examples: Cars that drive themselves • 2005: DARPA Grand Challenge

– Race of Autonomous vehicles across California desert

– Vehicles are given a route as a series of GPS waypoints

– But they must intelligently avoid obstacles and stay on the road

– About 130 miles of dirt roads, off-road, normal roads, bridges, tunnels, etc

– Must complete in less then 10 hours

AI Examples: Cars that drive themselves (contd)

• 2011: Google self-driving cars

• 2012: Stanford's Shelley race car

– http://youtu.be/YxHcJTs2Sxk?hd=1&t=10s

The Turing Test

http://www.pandorabots.com/botmaster/en/home

Jerry: my name is jerry. ALICE: Hey jerry. Jerry: do you know Turing? ALICE: A brilliant and tragic figure in the history of computer science. Jerry: who else do you know? ALICE: Hugh Loebner, Robby Garner, and Steven Spielberg Jerry: which lm do you like? ALICE: My favorite movie is Teknolust. Have you seen it? Jerry: no. ALICE: I would recommend you check it out. Jerry: what is it about? ALICE: Science fiction. Jerry: do you remember my name? ALICE: Your name is jerry, seeker.

AI Examples: Chatbots

• Valerie: CMU Robot Receptionist in Newell-Simon hall – http://www.cmu.edu/cmnews/extra/040219_valerie.html

• ALICE: 2004 Loebner Prize winner – http://alice.pandorabots.com/

• ELIZA: psychotherapist – http://nlp-addiction.com/eliza/

• AI tasks: – I shallow natural language processing

– I pattern matching

The Loebner Prize in Artificial Intelligence

"The First Turing Test"

• http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html

AI Examples: IBM's Watson

• Jeopardy (2011)

• http://youtu.be/YLR1byL0U8M?t=12m3s

AI Examples: Natural Language - Speech Recognition

• "speak or enter on the keypad your card number“ (tiny vocabulary, high accuracy needed)

• "how can I help you?“ (large vocab, low acc)

• dictation (large vocab, high acc)

• AI concepts: Hidden Markov Models, A* search, . . .

AI Examples: Natural Language - Machine Translation

• The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. (2005/6/29)

• IBM statistical machine translation models • US gov major consumer

– Why Vodka? (Russian) – Now?

AI Examples: Natural Language - Question Answering

• http://www.wolframalpha.com/

AI Examples: Game Playing - Chess • IBM Deep Blue vs. Kasparov (1996/7) • 1997 match, 6 games: K, DB, draw, draw, draw, DB • IBM stock up $18 billion

• Search: two-player zero-sum discrete nite game with perfect information

AI Examples: Web - Search

• Ranking is everything – smart people in Google, Yahoo!, Bing, etc.

– e.g. Peter Norvig (Google)

• Google: PageRank (graph theoretic) + lots of secrets

• Entire Search Engine Optimization (SEO) insdustry – promote your website's rand in search engines

– some bad reputations (spam, etc.)

– http://www.google.com/webmasters/seo.html

AI Examples: Web - News Aggregation • Automatically selects/arranges items from multiple sources • Compared to manual organization (e.g. CNN)

• Unsupervised machine learning: clustering

AI Examples: Web - Advertising

AI Examples: Web - Driving Directions

AI Examples: Web - Information Extraction

AI Examples: Web - Collaborative Filtering

• Recommender systems: recommendations based on other users' behavior • e.g. Amazon

• e.g. Netfix

• Unsupervised learning

AI Examples: Robotics - Shoes

• Adjust cushioning by speed, road surface (Adidas 1)

AI Examples: Robotics - Robocup

AI Examples: Robotics - Animal-like • Boston Dynamics: LittleDog

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUQsRPJ1dYw

• Boston Dynamics: BigDog/AlphaDog

http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSbZrQp-HOk

AI Examples: Robotics - Humanoid

• Asimo (Honda)

• PR2 (Willow Garage) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gy5g33S0Gzo

• Petman (Boston Dynamics) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mclbVTIYG8E

• Actroid (Kokoro) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DF39Ygp53mQ

AI Examples: Robotics - Hubble Telescope

• Scheduling: who gets to see what when – 30,000 observations per year – Many constraints

• Earth blocks view every 95 minutes • Halts when in South Atlantic Ocean radiation belt • Must avoid bright Sun, Moon, illuminated Earth • Disruption of plan for e.g. supernova

• Search: Constraint satisfaction problem

• M. Johnston and G. Miller 1993 • SPIKE: Intelligent Scheduling of Hubble Space Telescope Observations

AI Examples: Robotics - Mars Rover

• Autonomous driving on Mars (part time)

• Robot motion planning

AI Examples: Robotics - Art

• AARON

http://www.kurzweilcyberart.com/

Are these intelligent?

Public perception of AI?

• Artificial Intelligence: AI (2001) by Steven Spielberg

• The movie was originally to be titled ―A.I.‖, but after a survey it was revealed that too many people thought it was A1. The title was changed to ―A.I. Artificial Intelligence‖ to prevent people from thinking it was about steak sauce.

Google bought ESP

• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~biglou/

References

• Slides adapted from those used by Prof Jerry Zhu and Bryan R. Gibson at the University of Wisconsin-Madison

Tarea 2

Elabore un párrafo para cada subtema

• Que entiende por inteligencia?

• Cuales son los principales retos de la Inteligencia Artificial?

• Cuales son las fortalezas de la AI?

• Cual es el tema que mas le atrae de la AI y por que?

Sistemas Inteligentes Clase 1: Introducción a la Inteligencia

Artificial

Javitt Higmar Nahitt Padilla Franco, C.Ph.D. Depto. de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Computación

Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez