231. MAESTROS Y EDUCADORES COMO ARTESANOS

8/13/2019 231. MAESTROS Y EDUCADORES COMO ARTESANOS

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FI FDVBNDKP BKEK ENFRTPK NPTFRNLKLVFSKR ZNPNDMHENR FDVBNTMSKR

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ENFRTPKR NPTFRNLKR K NPTFRNLKR ENFRTPKRFDVBNP LK FL RFPMF, RMLK DF N VLK ] FL RFPMK

ZPKC. DP. GKPHF FDVNPDK LKPK

lkrkgkrJbnìflft.bke.nr

:>. F_ZFPMFLBMN ] BKLTNBTK>.>.SMIIN HFLFPNI @FIHPNLK (BPDK@N). Fi pnsfk ef iifvn bmrbulstnlbmniefltf nltf ul pufstkdf nrtfsnlks y uln sfrmf df prkdubtks df bfrembn. Fi bnrtfi mlvmtn n prfsflbmnr in brfnbml df iksdmvfrsks prkdubtks, y nii fst fi nrtfsnlk. Ik emrk trn`ngnr y rpmdnefltf fltrneks fl bklvfrsnbml.Ef dn dftniifs df su trn`ngk, df su ckren df vmdn, df in prfsflbmn df in cnemimn quf ik rkdfn fl filfhkbmk. Ef mltfrfsn pnrtmbuinrefltf in prkdubbml quf efzbin in smemimtud bkl ins dmcfrflbmns fl iksk`gftks df bfrembn. Ef onìn df in entrmz krmhmlni y ef nbinrn quf nii fst tkdn in brfntmvmdnd dfinrtfsnlk. ûf fi nrtfsnlk fs brfntmvk y krmhmlni fl in entrmz, y quf n pnrtmr df nii, surhfl insrfprkdubbmklfs. Trn`ngn bkl ul tmpk df yfsk es rfsmstfltf quf ndemtf fi tniindk df in ckrenkrmhmlni7 ncmren y dfeufstrn quf df sus enlks y df sus mlstruefltks snifl bndn ulk df sus vnsks,

gnrrns, gnrrklfs, bflmbfrks, `ktfiiklfs, cikrfrks, ndkrlks.

Lk sf trntn df uln rfprkdubbml efblmbn df iks k`gftks, smlk in pnrtmbuinrmdnd df sus ndkrlks,sus dftniifs, ins mlsbrmpbmklfs, ins tfremlnbmklfs. Fi trn`ngk sk`rf in entrmz fs in pnrtf es brfntmvn fmllkvndkrn pkrquf nii fi nrtfsnlk culbmkln bkek ul vfrdndfrk nrtmstn. Dfspus ef dfsbrm`f fiprkbfsk7 in entrmz pfremtf nrenr, bkl ktrk tmpk df yfsk (eubok es n`skr`fltf) iks ekidfs pnrn inrfprkdubbml fl sfrmf df ins brfnbmklfs. ] nii fstl dmstrmùmdks fl iks fstnltfs iks ekidfs quf onlrfprkdubmdk fl bndn ulk df iks dftniifs n in entrmz krmhmlni. Nihulks df iks nyudnltfs vmfrtfl fl iksekidfs fi entfrmni df bfrembn iqumdn quf mr kbupnldk tkdks iks oufbks ndomrmldksf n ins pnrfdfsdf bndn ekidf. Bunldk in sustnlbmn sf vnyn skimdmcmbnldk pkr in n`skrbml prkpmn dfi yfsk, dldkifckren n bndn pmfzn, bkl rnpmdfz iks kpfrndkrfs mrl vnbmnldk bndn ulk df iks ekidfs dfi iqumdk

sk`rnltf y tmfepk dfspus pufdf k`sfrvnrsf fl iks fstnltfs in sfrmf df k`gftks quf sf onlrfprkdubmdk, bkl fi tkquf smfeprf pfrsklni dfi nrtfsnlk.

N fstn nbtmvmdnd brfntmvn y rfprkdubtmvn krmhmlni sf if suenrl iks subfsmvks pnsks pkr fi okrlk (nnitsmen tfepfrnturn), in bkrrfbbml df iks dftniifs, qumtnldk ins eufbns y rfefdmnldkmepfrcfbbmklfs. Ins enlks brfntmvns sf flbnrhnl df rfbrfnr fl bndn pmfzn fi krmhmlni menhmlndk. Fifsenitndk, in pmlturn y in bkbbml dfcmlmtmvn tfremlnl dfpksmtnldk fl lufstrns enlks fi prkdubtkfifhmdk.

>.0.EFPIK (RNL IVMR). On`n bklkbmdk bkl nltfrmkrmdnd n ul fxqumsmtk tniindkr df endfrn, nrtmstnfspfbmnimstn fl dmvfrsks tmpks df nihnrrk`ks, bkl sus vnrmndks hrndks df rfsmstflbmn, dmcmbuitnd y

durfzn. Ef on`n dfspfrtndk burmksmdnd in prfsflbmn df sus k`rns fl in nvflmdn prmlbmpni y efmldmbnrkl dldf pkdn prfsflbmnr su trn`ngk y in brfnbml df sus pmfzns krmhmlnifs. Fstn`n fl su tniifr


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rkdfndk df pmfzns df dmvfrsks tnenks (rfbufrdk quf ef iinenrkl in ntflbml ins tniins df ngfdrfzdf ul eftrk df niturn k ins rfprfsfltnbmklfs df fsbflns dfi ûmgktf fl ul hrnl eurni df endfrn dfhrnldfs dmeflsmklfs), ndfes df dmvfrsns brfnbmklfs fl prkbfsks df hfstnbml y prkdubbml.Bonrineks y ef fxpimb in ifltn y trn`ngksn trnyfbtkrmn df in brfnbml7 in `squfdn df ins efgkrfsendfrns (bkl enykr pksm`mimdnd df sfr trn`ngndns), in sfifbbml df iks ektmvks, iks bkrtfs, fi

dfsbu`rmemfltk df ins ckrens kbuitns fl iks entfrmnifs mlckrefs.

In nùldnltf endfrnvnrmndn fl bkikrfs y dmeflsmklfs - fstn`n npmindn fl dmstmltks iuhnrfs dfihrnl tniifr, n in fspfrn df in vkiultnd brfndkrn dfi nrtmstn y nrtfsnlk. Frn in entfrmn prf-fxmstfltfpnrn fi Dfemurhk pintlmbk, frn fi ereki pnrn Emhufi Nlhfi. Ef dn`n bufltn dfi fstndk dfluefrksns prkdubbmklfs, pkrquf sf ins vfn mlevmifs (y npnrfltfefltf n`nldklndns) n in fspfrndf lufvns mltfrvflbmklfs y dfpfldnl dfi hrndk df mlspmrnbml, vfrsntmimdnd, dmspksmbml, fltusmnsek,quf bkek nrtfsnlk y brfndkr fstuvmfrn vmvmfldk.

Nii tkdk frn entrmz, tkdk fs pmfzn lmbn, tkdk fs brfnbml7 y ins enlks sf dfgn`nl iifvnr pkr ikskgks, in emrndn, in bn`fzn. Rik ul sfbtkr dfi tniifr fstn`n dfdmbndk n in prkdubbml fl sfrmf7 iks

kpfrnrmks bkrtnl trkzks df nihnrrk`k tkdks mhunifsy trn`ngn`nl bkl fi tkrlk pnrn snbnr dmvfrskstmpks y tnenks df buflbks df endfrn. Es nii df ins brfnbmklfs, frn ik quf ifs pfremtn vmvmr ynyudnr n vmvmr.

Dmnikhneks y if prfhult df dldf snbn ins mdfns pnrn brfnr y, sk`rf tkdk, ef mlqumftn`n fimtmlfrnrmk dfi prkbfsk df brfnbml7 dfsbu`rn in ckren fl fi trkzk df endfrn, fl in entfrmn, kùsbn`n ul trkzk df entfrn quf sf ndnptnrn n in rfnimznbml df in ckren quf prfvmnefltf on`ndfcmlmdk; Pfskln`nl fl em efekrmn ins bntfhkrns nrmstktimbns, in dmlembn rfinbml fltrf entfrmn yckren, fltrf pktflbmn y nbtk, y in nrtmbuinbml df ins buntrk bnusns. In ckren sf pkdn fltrfvfr fl ultrkzk df endfrn quf nul sfhun smfldk trklbk, pfrk tne`ml in ckren dkren fl in menhfl efltnidfi brfndkr quf dn`n vufitn fl fi dfpsmtk pnrn flbkltrnr in endfrn es nptn pnrn kcmbmni df

entfrmni y pfremtf quf in cmhurn fl pktflbmn sf trnlsckrenrn cmlniefltf nbtk 7 k`rn df nrtf(nrtfsnln).

Ef mlqumftn`n in bkltmlumdnd brfndkrn df su bnpnbmdnd, in ckrenbml df dmsbpuiks y subfskrfs7ef bkltfst quf on`n mltfltndk dnr binsfs pfrk quf lk if rfsuitn`n cbmi fltusmnsenr n ins gvflfshflfrnbmklfs. Vln gkvflflbnrhndn df ins vfltns df iks prkdubtkson`n vflmdk dfsdf ifgks pnrnnprfldfr fi kcmbmk, bkl fi bkeprkemsk df pnhnr in flsfnlzn bkl su prkpmk trn`ngk ndemlmstrntmvk ybkefrbmni. Ins on`mimdndfs su`gftmvns quf sf dfspinzn`nl dfsdf in mltfimhflbmn (quf sn`f iffr fl sumltfrmkr iks k`gftks pksmìfs) onstn ins enlks y dfsdf ins enlks onstn in emrndn7 tkdks fstks nbtks,tkdks fstks hfstks, lk ekrmrl bkl ipfls - qufdnrl sik sus k`rns, smlk fl fi sn`fr trnsindndkn ktrn hflfrnbml.

>.2.Of nqu dks fgfepiks df NPTFRNLKR ] NPTMRTNR quf pufdfl sfrvmr df rfcfrflbmn.>Sufivk n emstfens fdubntmvks y n lufstrk trn`ngk nrtfsnlni. Fi pnsndk ef flsfn quf lk sf lfbfsmt brfnrfsbufins fl bndn ekefltk omstrmbk df in ekdfrlmdnd. Fl rfnimdnd, uln vfz brfndn in prmefrn,rfprkdubmrin fs ul efrk trn`ngk df rf-brfnbml7 fstl iks ekidfs, fl iks quf on`n quf vkibnr invkiultnd, fi fltusmnsek, iks dkbfltfs, iks niuelks, in krhnlmznbml, fi enlfgk dfi tmfepk y dfifspnbmk. Lk cuf uln tnrfn cbmi pkrquf ulk df`n rfhuinr tmfepks, entfrmnifs, dftniifs, okrlfndns,

>Dftrs df tkdk esmbk ony ul mlstruefltk, y dftrs dfi mlstruefltk, ul iutomfr, fi quf menhml y brf ulnhumtnrrn, pkr fgfepik. Vl brfndkr, bklstrubtkr df mlstruefltks fs nihumfl quf bkl ul sfrrubok, uln bnindkrn yimgns df vnrmks hrkskrfs prkdubf humtnrrns7 In rfinbml quf fstnìfzbk bkl fi mlstruefltk quf bklstruyk sf

`nsn fl in quf tflhk bkl fi cuturk dufk yn quf lkreniefltf bklstruyk ul mlstruefltk pnrn hfltf quf ef fsbklkbmdn y bklkzbk ik quf ùsbn fl uln humtnrrn.


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sn`frfs pnrn pkdfr dnrif n bndn uln df ins fsbufins iks bnrnbtfrfs fspfbcmbks y krmhmlnifs. Dfsdf inekdfrlmdnd, ins fsbufins sf brfnrkl fl sfrmf nulquf lulbn cufrkl mhunifs7 bndn uln tfln su prkpmnmdfltmdnd, pfrk frnl uln rfprkdubbml cmfi df in entrmz krmhmlni dfi smhik _SM.

In brfntmvmdnd (entrmz) fstuvk fl fi krmhfl, bunldk iks culdndkrfs bklcmhurnrkl fmlstmtubmklnimznrkl fi ckrentk, bunldk if dmfrkl ckren n in mdfn. Zrme uln mdfn7 in fsbufin cuf ulnrfspufstn gustn y ndfbundn, bkl ul fstmik df krhnlmznbml quf fxprfsn`n in vkiultnd fdubntmvn df inskbmfdnd y df in ekdfrlmdnd. Fl fsks prmefrks tmfepks (dfsdf fi smhik _SM ni _SMMM), fi tniindk qufpfremtm dmspklfr df ul tmpk df fsbufin, ul ekdfik krmhmlni, uln ckren df culbmklnemfltk, ulnfstrubturn fl bkldmbmklfs, rfprfsflt ul fscufrzk df brfntmvmdnd n`skiutn. Zfrk n pnrtmr df fsfpnrndmhen, ins dmvfrsns brfnbmklfs pkstfrmkrfs sf bklguhnrkl fl tkrlk n fsf ekdfik7 yn lk ou`kbrfntmvmdnd pkrquf in sfhurmdnd df in entrmz pfremtn vkibnr fl sus ekidfs iks fifefltks qufrfprkdubnl fi ekdfik fxmtksk.

Bunldk ins fsbufins bkeflznrkl n lk culbmklnr, bunldk fltrnrkl fl brmsms, bunldk yn lndmfrfbine iks prkdubtks smeminrfs y fl sfrmf, pkrquf cufrkl dfgnldk df buepimr ins culbmklfs

krmhmlnifs, lk sf pudk smepifefltf bklstrumr y skstflfr ul smeuinbrk df rfspufstns snivndkrns,rftkbnldk in pmlturn, bne`mnldk fi okrlk, fifvnldk in tfepfrnturn, nepimnldk fi tmfepk df bkbbml,mltfltnr ekdmcmbnr dftniifs df iks ekidfs k df iks entfrmnifs. Cuf (k fs) lfbfsnrmk DFRNLDNP FIZPKBFRK ] BPFNP VLN LVFSN ENTPMW. ] lk rfsuitn pnrn lndn cbmi pkrquf pnrn brfnr uln lufvnentrmz lk dmspklfeks df ekidfs, okrens, pnrndmhens quf rfspkldnl n fstks lufvks tmfepks, smlkdfenldns y lfbfsmdndfs7 fs lfbfsnrmk rfspkldfr bkl mdfns, brfntmvmdnd, prkdubbml, menhmlnbml,trn`ngk, pnrnr tflfr in bfrtfzn df flbkltrnr bkl ul prkdubtk n`skiutnefltf lufvk y nbkrdfs n inslufvns bmrbulstnlbmns.

>.4.] n`krdneks nokrn ul tfen es fspfbcmbk, fi ENFRTPK BKEK NPTFRNLK, k`gftk df fstfdfsnrrkiik. In FRBVFIN EKDFPLN memtnldk iks ekdfiks cn`rmifs fl bkltmluk bne`mk, ngustf y

trnlsckrenbml, smfeprf ntfltk n in enykr fcmbmflbmn bkl fi eflkr tmfepk cuf ul prkdubtk dfckrenbml fl sfrmf. Iks nks, iks bmbiks, iks niuelks fl hrupks okekhlfks y bkl trntksfstnldnrmzndks, iks pinlfs df fstudmk, iks dmsfks burrmbuinrfs, fi bibuik df tmfepk fl iks prkbfsks(mlcnim`ifs) df flsfnlzn pnrn ikhrnr bkl n`skiutn sfhurmdnd iks nprfldmzngfs. In lufvn entrmz pmdfckrenbml y fxmhf ul prkbfsk FL RFPMK, brfntmvk, lmbk, ntfldmfldk n in dmvfrsmdnd df entfrmnifs,mlstruefltks, dfenldns, tmfepks. ] nqu fs dkldf sf rfbinen in prfsflbmn df ul ENFRTPKNPTFRNLK, quf dfspinbf in npnrfltf fcmbmflbmn (lefrk, tmfepk, bibuik, sfhurmdndfs) dfi fdubndkrekdfrlk, y pklhn fl culbmklfs ul vfrdndfrk BPFNDKP quf sfpn ngustnrsf n ins pksm`mimdndfs dfbndn ulk df iks niuelks y gultk bkl fiiks ikhrf ckrenr in efgkr pfrsklnimdnd, fi efgkr prkyfbtkdf vmdn, nibnlznr fi efgkr lmvfi mltfifbtuni y fi dkemlmk df ins bkepftflbmns `smbns. Ik quf prmefrkflbufltrn ul fdubndkr lk fs ul HPVZK, smlk bndn pfrskln, ulk pkr ulk.

:0. ] ^V FR VL NPTFRNLK; BEK TPN@NGN ] CVLBMKLN;


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0.>.@mfl ik dfcmlf fi skbmikhk y cmiskck PMBONPD RFLLFTT bunldk dmbf quf fi FI NPTFRNLK(0:>:)0 trn`ngn y fxpikrn dmeflsmklfs df on`mimdnd, bkeprkemsk y gumbmk df uln enlfrn pnrtmbuinr,pkrquf sf bfltrn fl in fstrfbon bklfxml fltrf in enlk (fi onbfr) y in bn`fzn (fi pflsnr). Tkdk ùflnrtfsnlk enltmflf ul dmikhk fltrf ulns prbtmbns bklbrftns y fi pflsnemfltk1 fstf dmikhkfvkiubmkln onstn bklvfrtmrsf fl o`mtks, iks quf fstnìfbfl n su vfz ul rmtek fltrf fi

dfsbu`rmemfltk y in skiubml df iks prkìfens. In bklfxml fltrf in enlk y in bn`fzn sf ndvmfrtf fldkemlmks npnrfltfefltf tnl dmstmltks bkek in ni`nmifrn, in bkbmln, fi dmsfk df ul fdmcmbmk, fitrn`ngk df ul bmrugnlk, k in fgfbubml eusmbni ni vmkiklbofik, pfrk tkdns fstns prbtmbns pufdflcrnbnsnr k lk dfsnrrkiinrsf piflnefltf. Lk ony lndn mlfvmtnìf fl ik tkbnltf n in ndqumsmbml df ulnon`mimdnd, df in emsen enlfrn fl quf lk ony lndn mrrfcifxmvnefltf efblmbk fl tkrlk n in tblmbnemsen.

0.0.Vlk pufdf trn`ngnr k vmvmr in vmdn sml pnsml, sml fltrfhn7 lk fs uln kìmhnbml sfltmrik k vmvmriksns. Zfrk fi nrtfsnlk lk pufdf, pkrquf rfprfsfltn in bkldmbml fspfbcmbnefltf ouenln dfibkeprkemsk. Fi nrtfsnlk fs qumfl fl bndn pmfzn, ofbok k mltfrvflbml pklf su bkeprkemsk y supnsml. Tkdn nrtfsnln sf culdn fl uln on`mimdnd tblmbn y rnbmklniefltf ndqumrmdn y dfsnrrkiindn fl

nitk hrndk. Df nbufrdk bkl uln efdmdn df usk bkel, pnrn prkdubmr ul enfstrk bnrpmltfrk k esmbkonbfl cnitn dmfz emi okrns df fxpfrmflbmn. Dmvfrsks fstudmks eufstrnl quf, n efdmdn quf prkhrfsn, inon`mimdnd efgkrn su smltkln bkl fi prkìfen y ins skiubmklfs. Fl sus lmvfifs y enlmcfstnbmklfssupfrmkrfs, in tblmbn yn lk fs uln nbtmvmdnd efblmbn1 sf pufdf sfltmr es piflnefltf ik quf sffst onbmfldk y pflsnr fl fiik bkl enykr prkculdmdnd bunldk sf onbf `mfl. Iks fcfbtks dfsfndks yprkìfens tmbks dfi kcmbmk sik pufdfl dfsbu`rmrsf bunldk sf nibnlzn in enfstrn. In PFBKEZFLRNFEKBMKLNI quf in nrtfsnln `rmldn bkl fi ikhrk df in on`mimdnd fs dkìf7 pkr ul indk fi nrtfsnlkhkzn bkl in rfnimdnd tnlhmìf yn quf fltrfhn ul prkdubtk k`gftmvk y ndfes - pufdf sfltmrsfkrhuiiksk df su trn`ngk y fsn fs uln rfsklnlbmn su`gftmvn. Fs dfbmr, hkzn pkr in K@PN ENFRTPN yhkzn pkr su trnlsckrenbml su`gftmvn quf ik on ofbok pksmìf. Bunldk VL NPTFRNLK onbf ulnpfrcfbtn (n vfbfs lk fs pksmìf dmstmlhumr sm fs NPTFRNLMN K NPTF), pkr fgfepik VLN BKEMDN, VL

FDMCMBMK, VL EKTKP, VLN ZFIMBVINR (>) tmflf nltf s nihk pfrcfbtk quf ik onbf hkznr pkr supfrcfbbml, y (0) dfltrk suyk fstl tkdks iks pnsks df in brfnbml, bkl sus dmvfrsks ekefltks, y fiprkvkbn hkbf mltfrmkr sfltmr fl s emsek fsn bnpnbmdnd df onbfr y prkdubmr.

0.2. Rufif dfcmlmrsfbkltmln RFLLFTT - in frn ekdfrln bkek uln fbklken df on`mimdndfs, pfrkqu fs fxnbtnefltf uln on`mimdnd; In rfspufstn hflrmbn fs quf on`mimdnd fs uln prbtmbnndmfstrndn. Fl fstk, in on`mimdnd sf kpklf n in meprkvmsnbml, ni rnptk brfntmvk k in mlspmrnbml s`mtn.Fi ntrnbtmvk df in mlspmrnbml rfsmdf fl pnrtf fl in bklvmbbml df quf fi purk tnifltk pufdf sustmtumr nin ckrenbml, pfrk fstn brfflbmn fs cbmiefltf rf`ntmìf. Ins on`mimdndfs skl pksmìfs pkr insbkldmbmklfs pfrsklnifs, sf lutrfl df uln simdn ckrenbml y n`klnl fi brfbmemfltk bkl fi o`mtk yin fxpfrmflbmn. û fltfldfeks pkr trn`ngk df ùfln bnimdnd; Nihk quf fst `mfl ofbok n trnvs df

ul prkbfsk df brfnbml ndfbundk y quf culbmkln bkek bkrrfspkldf. Fs vfrdnd quf in bnimdnd sfdf`f nreklmznr bkl rnlhks df pksm`mimdnd y lk df pfrcfbbml n`skiutn, pfrk fi nrtfsnlk, smfeprfqumfrf ik efgkr7 pnrn fi dfcflskr df in bnimdnd n`skiutn quf ony fl tkdk nrtfsnlk, bndn mepfrcfbbmlfs ul crnbnsk, pfrk sm sf k`sfsmkln bkl fsn pfrcfbbml tfremlnr fl fi crnbnsk.

0.4.Znrn fltfldfr in prfsflbmn y in culbml dfi NPTFRNLK ony quf rfpinltfnr fi vnikr y fi smhlmcmbndkdfi trn`ngk, y vnikrmznr iks dks bkepklfltfs fsflbmnifs quf mltfrvmflfl fl i7 in bn`fzn y ins enlks,ne`ns mhuniefltf smhlmcmbntmvns y lfbfsnrmns7

0@nrbfikln. Nlnhrnen. Znrtf df in TPMIKHMN 5 FI NPTFRNLKHVFPPFPKR ] RNBFPDKTFR FI F_TPNLGFPK.


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Nul in es bkepifgn creuin entfetmbn fl pks df dfekstrnr in tfkrn df ins bufrdns, pkrfgfepik, dfpfldf df skpkrtfs entfrmnifs pnrn su fxpimbmtnbml, dfsdf ul ipmz y ul pnpfi, ulnpmznrrn y uln tmzn, k in pnltniin fifbtrlmbn.

Znrn quf fi mltfifbtk pudmfrn mldfpfldmznrsf bkepiftnefltf df ins enlks, sfrn prfbmsnuln buiturn ouenln cuturn df uln fxmstflbmn purnefltf efltni. Ik buni fs euy meprk`n`if.

Fsn fxmstflbmn sfrn df lhfifs, yn lk df ouenlks. Zkr ik quf fi pflsnemfltk bkepifgk flnihl ekefltk dfsbmfldf n iks dfdks pnrn, pkr ins enlks, dnr rfnimdnd csmbn n ik quf prmefrkcuf bkltflmdk efltni. Mlbiusk in buiturn vmrtuni fl in Xf`, bkl su npnrmflbmn df ompfrrfnimdnd,df fxmstflbmn im`rf df iks iemtfs dfi fspnbmk mlefdmntk, dfpfldf df iuhnrfs csmbks dfnbueuinbml df dntks. Fi skctwnrf lk pkdr sfpnrnrsf dfi onrdwnrf.

In mepkrtnlbmn df in enlunimdnd fs bklcmrendn pkr buniqumfr nrtf. Lk ony nrtf quf lk fstcufrtfefltf efdmntmzndk pkr nbbmklfs enlunifs. Ins pmlbfindns fl in pmlturn1 iks hkipfs dfbmlbfi fl in fsbuiturn (on`rn quf rfbkrdnr n Emhufi Nlhfi hkipfnldk cmfrnefltf in pmfdrn pnrnfxtrnfr df fiin ni Dnvmd)1 in enlmpuinbml df bfefltk, indrmiiks u ktrks entfrmnifs fl innrqumtfbturn dfsdf su culbml df vmvmfldn k su vnikr nrtstmbk k dfbkrntmvk1 f mlbiusk in pkfsn k

in imtfrnturn lk sfrnl sml in nbbml df uln enlk quf fsbrm`f sk`rf dmstmltks tmpks df skpkrtf. ]in dmcusml df in fsbrmturn nrtstmbn, y df tkdn fsbrmturn, lfbfsmtn df prkbfsks enlunifsmldmspflsn`ifs bkek in cn`rmbnbml df in tmltn, fi pnpfi, ins meprfltns, k ins bkeputndkrns pnrnsu nienbflnemfltk dmhmtni.

Lndn fs sml fi trn`ngk enluni. Dmrmhmdns pkr fi pflsnemfltk, ins enlks skl in cufrznulmvfrsni dfi oke`rf pnrn brfnr su fltkrlk, prkdubmr sus nrtfcnbtks, nbtunr fl in ekdmcmbnbmldf in lnturnifzn. Zfrk fl su efgkr fxprfsml, fi trn`ngk rfbufrdn quf in bke`mlnbml dffscufrzk f mltfimhflbmn fs lfbfsnrmn pnrn in bklstrubbml. Tkdk ik brfndk pkr fi oke`rflfbfsmt df ins enlks pnrn sfr. Nihulks if rfoyfl bkek nbtmvmdnd mlcfrmkr. (MFPNPDKFRTF@NL7 0:>2)2

0.6.Df ofbok, in omstkrmn df in ouenlmdnd, in bklstrubbml df in buiturn, df in bmvmimznbml y df insbmudndfs, lk on fstndk fl enlks df iks rfyfs, iks hk`frlnltfs, iks pkitmbks, iks pflsndkrfs (iks qufpflsnrkl ins buiturns, ins bmvmimznbmklfs y ins bmudndfs), smlk df iks nrtfsnlks, df iks quf trn`ngnrklbkl sus enlks7 iks quf vmvfl df sus enlks y iks rmbks, fl pnin`rns df Gkrhf Enlrmquf fl fi smhik

_MS. Zkr fsks fi gustk pkfen df @PFBOT rfbinenldk fsns prfsflbmns nusfltfs fl in omstkrmn qufkcmbmniefltf sf bufltn7

@FPTKID @PFBOT 5 ZPFHVLTNR DF VL K@PFPK ^VF IFF

2Pfvmstn . 0=.>>.0:>2. IKR KISMDNDKR7 FI K@PFPK NLKLMEK.


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3

ûml bklstruy Tf`ns in df ins Rmftf pufrtns;Fl iks im`rks sf niznl iks lke`rfs df iks rfyfs.Nrrnstrnrkl iks rfyfs iks ìkqufs df pmfdrn;] in tnltns vfbfs dfstrumdn @n`miklmn,ûml in bklstruy uln y ktrn vfz; Fl qu bnsns

Df Imen quf mrrndmnl krk vmvnl iks k`rfrks quf bklstruyfl;N dldf cufrkl pkr in tnrdf iks ni`nmifs ni dnr pkr tfremlndnIn hrnl eurniin bomln; In hrnl PkenFst iifln df nrbks df trmulck. Rk`rf qumlfsTrmulcnrkl iks bsnrfs; Tfln @mznlbmk, tnltns vfbfs bnltndn,Rik pninbmks pnrn sus on`mtnltfs; Ik emsek fl in cnùiksn Ntiltmdn,ûf mhuni ruhn in lkbof fl quf sf in trnh fi enr.Iks quf sf nokhnrkl nuiin`nl rfbinenldk fsbinvks.Fi gkvfl Nifgnldrk bklqumst in Mldmn.i skik;Bsnr n`ntm n iks hniks.

Lk tfln smqumfrn ul bkbmlfrk bklsmhk;Cfimpf df Fspnn iikr, emfltrns su ciktnRf ouldn. Lk iikr nbnsk lndmf;Cfdfrmbk MM vflbm fl in Hufrrn df Rmftf nks. ûmlHnl cufrn df i;Bndn phmln uln vmbtkrmn.ûml bkbml fi cfstl df in vmbtkrmn;Bndn dmfz nks ul hrnl oke`rf.ûml pnh in bufltn;

Tnltns nbtns,

Tnltns prfhultns.4

4Fl in omstkrmn df in ouenlmdnd ins hrnldfs bklstrubbmklfs skl ntrmùmdns n uln emlkrn df rfyfs, hk`frlnltfs

k nrqumtfbtks. In efekrmn omstrmbn rfhmstrn fi prktnhklmsek df iks sugftks dfi pkdfr. Iks quf sucrmfrkl `ngk sucruin, skik fxmstfl pkr in pfrdurn`mimdnd df sus k`rns lk rfbklkbmdns. Zfrk fstf prkbfsk df fxbiusml lkpfrtflfbf sik ni pnsndk. Rf fxtmfldf y euitmpimbn fl fi prfsfltf. Tkdns ins k`rns vmsmìfs dfi oke`rf, lkmepkrtn bui sfn, dfsdf ins tkrrfs df Du`nm onstn iks kbuitks smstfens df bnfrns df ins bmudndfs, k ikspufltfs k iks bnepks nrndks, tkdk fs fcfbtk dfi trn`ngk enluni. Onìneks df ul fdmcmbmk quf frmhm ul

nrqumtfbtk k in k`rn bklstrubtkrn df ul hk`mfrlk. Fi nrqumtfbtk dmsfn, brfn ul pinlk k dmùgk, bkek ekdfikprfvmk lfbfsnrmk pnrn in pinsenbml pkstfrmkr df in k`rn1 fl fi bnsk df ins k`rns pìmbns, ul hk`mfrlk dfbmdfsu bklstrubbml y hfstmkln ckldks. Zfrk fi pnsk dfi pinlk nrqumtfbtlmbk n in rfnimdnd vmsmìf sik sf bklsuenpkr in mldmspflsnìf efdmnbml dfi trn`ngk enluni. Dfsdf fstn pfrspfbtmvn, in buiturn sf rfnimzn fl suentfrmnimdnd fl hrnl pnrtf pkr in efdmnbml dfi trn`ngk enluni y k`rfrk. Iks k`rfrks bkek sugftksbklstrubtkrfs df omstkrmn, smiflbmndks, snivk bkyulturns fxbfpbmklnifs, pkr fi nùsk, in fxpiktnbml, indfsvnikrmznbml y fi rfifhnemfltk n uln nbbml pkr ik hflfrni nllmen, su`tfrrlfn y efblmbn. Vl trn`ngklfbfsnrmk fl in bklstrubbml df ik bktmdmnlk pfrk quf, n pfsnr df sus crutks vmsmìfs, dfvmflf mlvmsmìf.() Cufrndf fstks bkldmbmklnemfltks skbmnifs pnrtmbuinrfs, ik tfrmbk y ik n`strnbtk lk skl ik kpufstk df in enlunimdndsmlk dks ekefltks bklfbtndks fl in ulmdnd df in nbbml ouenln. Fl fstn ulmdnd in nbbml k`sfrvnìf, innbtmvmdnd fl ik csmbk, fs rfsuitndk df nihl bklkbmemfltk tblmbk k mltfifbtuni nltfrmkr. Lndmf cn`rmb uln bnsnsml nihl bklkbmemfltk quf, nulquf pudmfrn surhmr df in fxpfrmflbmn prbtmbn, nltfs df su npimbnbml lk ou`mfrn

smdk rfhuindk pkr in efltf. In enlk fs nimndn dfi bfrf`rk, lk su bkltrnrmk. FRTF@NL MFPNPDK7 FI K@PFPKNLLMMEK.


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:2.FDVBNDKP NPTFRNLK 5 ^V ZPKCFRKP; ^V FDVBNDKP;2.>. N pfsnr df iks dmsfks burrmbuinrfs y iks pinlfs df fstudmks - quf iks RMRTFENR FDVBNTMSKRdf`fl dfcmlmr, rfdnbtnr y prfsbrm`mr pnrn nsfhurnr fi culbmklnemfltk df ins fsbufins y ins binsfs, ykrhnlmznr fi trn`ngk smlbrklmzndk df iks dkbfltfs - in fdubnbml HFLFPNI ] BKEL N HPVZKR

OKEKHLFKR on eufrtk, y oky rfmln in vnrmfdnd y in oftfrkhflfmdnd fl in enykrn df ins nuins dflufstrns fsbufins.

2.0.Nulquf in ekdfrlmdnd sf on fepfndk fl dfsnrtmbuinrfi trn`ngk nrtfsnlni y bklvfrtmr in enykrn df iks prkbfsks flMLDVRTPMNIFR, fl sfrmf, rnbmklniefltf pinlmcmbndks y sm fspksmìfekltndks fl bndfln df prkdubbml, bkltnhmnldk nùfln pnrtf df in fsbkinrmznbml df iks smhiks _M_ y __, okyfsf ekdfik MLDVRTPMNI on fltrndk fl brmsms. Fs vfrdndy`mfl ik on bnrmbnturmzndk CPNLBFRBK TKHLVBBBM fl vnrmnsdf sus vmftns quf in krhnlmznbml ekdfrln y fl sfrmf df

iks bmbiks y hrndks df in fsbufin sf pnrfbf uln krhnlmznbmlTN]IKPMRTN ] CKPDMRTN df cmlnifs dfi smhik _M_ f mlmbmks dfismhik __, pfrk in vfrdndfrn FDVBNBMKL, ik quf onbf in dmcfrflbmn y kcrfbf hflumlks y prkbfsks yrfsuitndks rfqumfrf lufvnefltf ul trn`ngk NPTFRNLNI7 lk fs fdubnbml fl sfrmf, smlk fl sfrmk.

2.0. IKR DKBFLTFR ] FDVBNDKPFR Fstl iinendks n ul eftmbuiksk y culdnefltndk trn`ngknrtfsnlni fl fi quf yn lk bufltn in prkdubbml OKEKHLFN ] FL RFPMF (`nsndk fl fi lefrk y flbnltmdnd) 5 ef prfpnrk, ektmvk, flsfk, fgfrbmtneks, nprfldfl, rmldfl y bfrtmcmbk. Rf trntn df ultrn`ngk NPTFRNLNI y ul bkeprkemsk pfrsklni, uln bklstrubbml df bndn ulk df iks fstudmnltfs,quf tmflfl sus bkldmbmklfs, sus pksm`mimdndfs, sus rmteks, sus prmkrmdndfs, sus dfbmsmklfs. Zkr fstk intnrfn dfi fdubndkr sf pufdf nskbmnr n in dfi pkdfr pnstkrni, pkrquf bndn niuelk bufltn, y pufdf

dfspfrtnr pnsml, bkeprkemsk y fltrfhn, y pkrquf rfprfsfltn fl bndn bnsk fxprfsml df ulnk`rn enfstrn, fxqumsmtn, suìmef. Bkek fl fi NPTFRNLK RF VLFL IN ENLK ] FI ZFLRNEMFLTK, innbbml y in rfcifxml, in prbtmbn y in ckrenbml, fi onbfr y fi sn`fr-onbfr. Lndmf sf pufdf sfltmrsntmscfbok df in prkdubbml fl sfrmf, pkrquf fs pk`rf in mltfrvflbml dkbfltf1 fl bne`mk pkdfekssfltmr y dmscrutnr dfi vnikr quf mepimbn uln fdubnbml quf sf bkeprkeftf bkl ins pfrsklns. Nihumflpkdr dfbmr quf fstneks onìnldk df RMTVNBMKLFR MDFNIFR ] VTZMBNR. R, prfbmsnefltf, df fsk sftrntn fl fstks tmfepks df fpmdfemns df krcnldndfs, df onbfr ik quf lk sf onbf, ik quf lk sf onofbok, k ik quf skinefltf dmscrutnl nihulks prmvmifhmndks quf ikhrnl iks efgkrfs rfsuitndks. 6

6Lufstrn pktflbmn efltni sf dfsnrrkii n trnvs df ins enlks, df in enlmpuinbml df bksns. Oky pflsneks fl

ins nbtmvmdndfs entfrmnifs bkek bksns fstpmdns, pfrbm`meks lufstrks bfrf`rks bkek uln enqumlnrmn

nutksucmbmfltf. Fs frrlfk. Ony ul prkbfsk n`mfrtk fltrf efgkrnr ins bnpnbmdndfs csmbns y fi pflsnemfltk, ulnrfinbml fstrfbon fltrf in enlk, in bn`fzn y fi bkrnzl. Zflsneks ul dmsfk y brffeks quf fsn menhfl efltnipufdf prkyfbtnrsf ni euldk. Vln pkitmbn enismen7 lk nprfldfeks df in prbtmbn. (PMBONPD RFLLFTT)


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2.2. BFRNP ZFIIM fi nrhfltmlk bklsmdfrndk fi efgkr nrqumtfbtk dfi euldk dfbinrn quf smfldkprkcfskr y dfbnlk df in fsbufin df nrqumtfbturn df uln ulmvfrsmdnd df FFVV, iks niuelks frnl euypkbks, in rfinbml y fi bkeprkemsk euy prkculdk, fi trn`ngk df iks dkbfltfs tktni, y iks rfsuitndks7 infxbfiflbmn. Lk euboks, smlk ùflks. ] sm skl euboks, tne`ml df`fl sfr @VFLKR. ] sm qufrfeksfdubnbml pnrn tkdks, lk lfbfsmtneks fstk; Zkrquf sm in fdubnbml lk fs ùfln fdubnbml, lk

fstneks fdubnldk, smlk dfckrenldk7 fs bkek kcrfbfr ul pinl nimefltnrmk pnrn bke`ntmr fi oke`rfy in dfslutrmbml smrvmfldk enin bkemdn k nimefltks fl eni fstndk. K ùfln fdubnbml y fl sfrmk, klndn.

2.4. Pftkefeks nihulks bklbfptks df RFLLFTT pnrn nrtmbuinriks bkl in fdubnbml7

Rf iinen on`mimdnd fs uln prbtmbn ndmfstrndn. Flfstk, in on`mimdnd sf kpklf n in meprkvmsnbml, nirnptk brfntmvk k in mlspmrnbml s`mtn. Fi ntrnbtmvkdf in mlspmrnbml rfsmdf fl pnrtf fl in bklvmbbml

df quf fi purk tnifltk pufdf sustmtumr n inckrenbml, pfrk fstn brfflbmn fs cbmiefltfrf`ntmìf. Ins on`mimdndfs skl pksmìfs pkr insbkldmbmklfs pfrsklnifs, sf lutrfl df uln simdnckrenbml y n`klnl fi brfbmemfltk bkl fio`mtk y in fxpfrmflbmn. û fltfldfeks pkrtrn`ngk df ùfln bnimdnd; Nihk quf fst `mflofbok n trnvs df ul prkbfsk df brfnbmlndfbundk y quf culbmkln bkek bkrrfspkldf.

Fdubnr y fgfrbfr in dkbflbmn fl in fdubnbmlckreni tne`ml fs uln on`mimdnd, fs dfbmr ulnprbtmbn ndmfstrndn. Fs dfbmr quf ul FDVBNDKP,ul ùfl fdubndkr, lk meprkvmsn, lk onbf ik quf

if vn snimfldk, smlk quf (>) dfpfldf df insbkldmbmklfs pfrsklnifs. (0) sf prfpnrn bkl suckrenbml, (2) brfbf y sf ngustn bkl fi o`mtk y(4) sf nimefltn y bklskimdn bkl in fxpfrmflbmn.Bkek rfsuitndk fi FDVBNDKP, fi DKBFLTF,ikhrn nihk quf fst `mfl ofbok pkrquf fiprkbfsk cuf ndfbundk y pkr su rfsuitndk cuf fifspfrndk. Iks prkbfsks-prkdubtks df fstnfdubnbml fs in ckrenbml ens bkepiftn pksmìf.

:4. NPTFRNLKR ] NZPFLDMBFR7

4.>.Rm onìneks df fdubndkrfs bkek NPTFRNLKR fs pkrquf lfbfsmtneks vfrdndfrks prkbfsks dfvfrdndfrks NZPFLDMWNGFR fl bndn ulk df iks niuelks, fs dfbmr, eubok es quf FRTVDMK ]BVEZIMEMFLTK. Fstudmneks pnrn nprfldfr pfrk lk smfeprf nprfldfeks fstudmnldk, pkrqufsn`feks quf ony eubons y vnrmndns ckrens df nprfldfr (df enlfrn ckreni y lk ckreni, tfens quflks nhrndnl y df iks ktrks). Nqufiik quf bnrnbtfrmzn n iks nprfldmzngfs, fs quf su fcfbtk fslfbfsnrmnefltf in ekdmcmbnbml df iks bkepkrtnemfltks, ekdmcmbnbml df in prkpmn pfrskln. VlENFRTPK NPTFRNLK ikhrn quf fi fstudmnltf sf bklvmfrtn fl ul vfrdndfrk NZPFLDMW, nqufi quftmflf pnrtmbuinr mltfrs fl nprfldfr y fl fi nprfofldfr (bkek fi nprfldmz df iks kcmbmks efdmfvnifs yekdfrlks quf bklvmvf bkl fi enfstrk fl fi tniifr onstn quf sf onbf dfi kcmbmkn trnvs df dmvfrskspnsks). Znrn quf fstk kburrn, ul NZPFLDMWNGF DF@FP RFP uln nutltmbn fxpfrmflbmn vmtni, pkrquffltklbfs fi fstudmnltf k fi niuelk sf bklvmfrtfl fl NZPFLDMW.


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4.0. In pnin`rn NZPFLDMW if ktkrhn ul sfltmdk eubok es prkculdk ni sfltmdk fsbkinr dfNZPFLDMWNGF, pkr fi bnrbtfr dmlembk y prkdubtmvk df ins nbbmklfs. Fi nprfldmz df`f sfr fi nutltmbkZPKTNHKLMRTN DFI NZPFLDMWNGF. Lndmf menhmln ul NZPFLDMW quf cmlgn k smeuif nprfldfrsmepifefltf pkr buepimr, pkrquf su prfsfltf y su cuturk dfpfldfl df sus nprfldmzngfs. Lk pufdfon`fr nprfldmzngf sm qumfl nprfldf fs tnl sik ul k`sfrvndkr (k rfbfptkr) pnsmvk df bkltflmdks7

sik k`sfrvn, fsbubon, prfhultn, nlktn, rfprkdubf, onbf, brfn. Fl fstf sfltmdk fi k`gftk dfnprfldmzngf df`f df nihuln ckren sfr bklstrumdk k prkdubmdk pkr fi prkpmk nprfldmz, quf sf onbfbnrhk dfi k`gftk y df ins nbbmklfs quf mepimbnl enlfgnrik y pksffrik.

4.2. In fxpfrmflbmn dfi nprfldmzngf df`frn fstnr NRKBMNDN FEKBMKLNIEFLTF DF ENLFPNZKRMTMSN. Bunltn eflks mldmcfrflbmn ncfbtmvn onyn, enykr cnbmimdnd tfldrfeks pnrn nprfldfr nihk.Rm hustn, sf ntrnpn, sm prkvkbn `mflfstnr y dfsfk, fi nprfldmzngf sfr es vfikz y es fcfbtmvk. Vlnprfldmz nen ik quf nprfldf, sf npnsmkln bkl fiik. Fl in fsbufin lk tkdk prkvkbn `mflfstnr y pinbfr,pfrk, in dmcmbuitnd sfr enykr bunldk in fxpfrmflbmn fsbkinr rfsuitf lfhntmvn1 bkek bunldk sf innsuef bkek n uln entfrmn k uln smepif kìmhnbml, k sf in fstudmn pkr mepksmbml k pkr emfdk.

4.4.Ik quf sf nprfldf LK RIK DF@F RFP BKEZPFLDMDK, RMLK TNE@ML DF@F TFLFP RFLTMDK,pkrquf fs ul ulmvfrsk df sfltmdk. Lk sik tmflf smhlmcmbndk, smlk quf tne`ml bkepkrtn fi sfltmdk. Fismhlmcmbndk fs bkepnrtmdk y lks pfremtf bkeulmbnrlks1 fl bne`mk fi sfltmdk fs pfrsklni fmltrnlscfrmìf. Rf trntn df nqufiin pfrspfbtmvn, vnikr, k mlbiusk utmimdnd quf, dfsdf ins fxpfrmflbmns,mltfrfsfs y ncfbtks, onbf quf fi nprfldmz sf rfbklkzbn f mdfltmcmquf bkl fi k`gftk df nprfldmzngf.

4.6.Bunldk iks niuelks rfnimznl ul fxnefl trndmbmklni sufifl nprk`nr sik nqufiiks fstudmnltfsquf skl bnpnbfs df fsbrm`mr RMHLMCMBNDKR BKPPFBTKR, fs dfbmr7 ik quf fi prkcfskr on dmbok y onmldmbndk bkek k`gftk df fstudmk. Lnturniefltf quf fi niuelk tne`ml pklf ul sfltmdk fl ik quffsbrm`f, pfrk hflfrniefltf fs ul sfltmdk eubok es prxmek n ik fxprfsndk y dfcfldmdk pkr fiprkcfskr quf ni suyk prkpmk. Fsbrm`f nqufiik quf fi prkcfskr dfsfn iffr, lk smfeprf ik quf

nutltmbnefltf ik quf dfsfnrn fsbrm`mr. Fl in rfinbml prkcfskr-niuelk fs bnsm uln rfinbmlfbklembn7 fi niuelk lk vnif pkr ik quf fs, pkr ik quf dfsfn k pkr ik quf pmflsn, smlk pkr ik quf"prkdubf", fs dfbmr, pkr iks rfsuitndks nibnlzndks1 fi prkcfskr fvnin fi rfsuitndk quf k`tmflf df sufscufrzk (mlvfrsml) ni trnlsemtmr ul bklkbmemfltk quf sik i pksff. Fstudmnr fs sfr bnpnz dfrfspkldfr rfpftmtmvnefltf n fsf fscufrzk. In lktn emdf bunltmtntmvnefltf fi vkiuefl y in bnimdnddf fsn rfspufstn.

4.3. Lk fs fxtrnk, pkr ik tnltk quf lks flbkltrfeks bkl vnimfltfs dflulbmns bkek stns,fxprfsndn pkr VLN FHPFRNDN DFI LMSFI RFBVLDNPMK K EFDMK quf tfremln rfbklkbmemfltk instrnepns y ins mepksmbmklfs dfi smstfen7

Fstf fs fi dmifen quf of flcrfltndk fl fi smstfen df fdubnbml. Fstneks tnl flckbndks flin eftn, yn sfn pnsnr ul fxnefl, k hrndunrsf prmefrk df in binsf, quf nulquf, df fstn ckren,

lk nprfldfeks rfniefltf, onbfeks ik quf sfn lfbfsnrmk pnrn ikhrnr lufstrk k`gftmvk krmhmlni.Nihulks df ustfdfs, ems bkepnfrks, pufdfl fstnr pflsnldk, @uflk, sm tu pnsns ul fxn efl,k tf bklvmfrtfs fl fi prmefrk df in binsf, lk nprfldmstf nihk; @uflk, sm, nprfldmstf nihk, pfrklk tkdk ik quf pkdrns on`fr nprfldmdk. Tni vfz, t skik nprfldmstf bkek efekrmznr lke`rfs,iuhnrfs, y cfbons pnrn es tnrdf kivmdnr bkl fi cml df imepmnr tu efltf pnrn fi smhumfltffxnefl. IN FRBVFIN LK FR TKDK IK ^VF ZKDPN RFP. Nokrn, fs ul iuhnr pnrn in enykrn dfins pfrsklns dkldf dftfremlnl quf su eftn fs snimr df fstn ik es prkltk pksmìf.

Nokrn fstky buepimfldk fsn eftn, pkrquf fstky hrndunldk. Df`frn emrnr fstk bkek ulnfxpfrmflbmn pksmtmvn, fspfbmniefltf ni sfr prmefrn df em binsf. Nulquf, fl rftrkspfbtmvn, lkpufdk dfbmr quf sky es mltfimhfltf quf ems pnrfs. Zufdk dnr cf df quf sky efgkr onbmfldk ik


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quf sf ef dmbf y trn`ngnldk sfhl ins rfhins dfi smstfen. Nl ns, nqu fstky, y sf supklf qufdf`k fstnr krhuiiksn df quf of bkepiftndk fstf pfrmkdk df ckrenbml quf tmflf eubok dfndkbtrmlnemfltk. Ef mr fl fi ktkk n in smhumfltf cnsf fspfrndn pkr e, bkl fi cml df rfbm`mrul dkbuefltk fl pnpfi quf bfrtmcmbn quf sky bnpnz df trn`ngnr.

Zfrk rfbklkzbk quf df`frn bklstrumref bkek ul sfr ouenlk, uln pflsndkrn, ulnnvflturfrn, pfrk lk bkek ul trn`ngndkr. Vl trn`ngndkr fs nihumfl ntrnpndk fl in rfpftmbml,ul fsbinvk fvkiubmklndk dfi smstfen fstnìfbmdk nltfs quf i. Zfrk nokrn, yk of dfekstrndkfxmtksnefltf quf sky fi efgkr fsbinvk. Ombf ik quf sf ef dmgk ni fxtrfek. Emfltrns ktrks sfsfltn`nl fl binsfs y dmùgn`nl pnrn iufhk bklvfrtmrsf fl hrnldfs nrtmstns, yk ef sfltn`n flbinsfs pnrn tkenr lktns y bklvfrtmref fl uln niueln euy fcmbnz pnrn rfldmr iks fxeflfs.Emfltrns ktrks vfldrnl n binsfs sml sus tnrfns ofbons pkrquf ifnl sk`rf tkdk ik quf ifsmltfrfsn n fiiks (y lk lfbfsnrmnefltf ni prkcfskr), yk lulbn dfgf uln tnrfn sml onbfr. Emfltrnsktrks brfn`nl esmbn y fsbrm`nl iftrns, yk dfbmd onbfr brdmtks fxtrns, nulquf lulbn iklfbfsmt.

Ns, ef prfhultk, pkr qu qumsf fstf iuhnr; Znrn qu ombf ik quf ombf; Rfhurk, ef hnlfi iuhnr quf kbupk, pfrk qu snidr df fiik; Bunldk dfgf in mlstmtubml fdubntmvn, sfhumrsmfldk fxmtksn k bkeflznr n rfbklkbfr fi crnbnsk; Lk tflhk mdfn df qu onbfr bkl em vmdn1lk tflhk mltfrfsfs dftfremlndks y prfbmsks, pkrquf vm bndn nsmhlnturn df fstudmk bkek ultrn`ngk, y ef dfstnqu fl bndn nsmhlnturn pkr fi prkpsmtk df dfstnbnref, lk nprfldfr. ]crnlbnefltf, nokrn fstky nsustndn. DMRBVPRK DF FPMBN HKIDRKL (FHPFRNDN7 0:>0)

4.8.Bunldk onìneks df NPTFRNLK ] NZPFLDMW fstneks onìnldk df uln feprfsn bkel, dfiemsek tniifr, df in bklstrubbml bkepnrtmdn, df ul prkbfsk dfi quf iks dks snifl hnlnldk pkrqufmepimbn uln eutun y pfrenlfltf trnlsckrenbml. Iks NZPFLDMBFRbkl sus mdfns y su ckren dfonbfrbne`mnl y trnlsckrenl n iks ENFRTPKR NPTFRNLKR, bkek iks ùflks FRTVDMNLTFR pufdflbne`mnr in ckren df flsfnr y df pflsnr df sus ENFRTPKR.

4.?.Zfrk ony nihk es7 ^V FR NZPFLDFP; FR VL TPN@NGK NPTFRNLNI, euy sutmi, ul trn`ngkprkpmk df in enlk, df in enlk dfi oke`rf (quf tmflf uln fltmdnd prkpmn). 3Zkr fgfepik7 fi nprfldmzbnrpmltfrk quf trn`ngn fl ul nrenrmk, lk skinefltf nprfldf n utmimznr sus ofrrnemfltns, ncnemimnrmznrsf bkl su usk, bkl in utmimdnd, in npimbn`mimdnd df ins ofrrnemfltns fl fi onbfr, sm qumfrf sfrul nutltmbk bnrpmltfrk sf df`f rfinbmklnr bkl in endfrn emsen, bkl ins ckrens quf dufrefl fl inendfrn nhunrdnldk sfr mltfrvflmdns, brfndns. Bkek ul nrtmstn quf ùsbn fl fi entfrmni in ckren qufdf`f flbkltrnr y lk bkikbn fl in entfrmn (ereki, omfrrk, endfrn, pmfdrn) in ckren quf tmflf fl subn`fzn, fi nrtfsnlk vfrdndfrk skinefltf bklstruyf n pnrtmr dfi dmikhk bkl fi entfrmni, bkl inendfrn.8 Ins enlks tmflfl uln pnrtmbuinr rfinbml bkl fi pflsnemfltk pkrquf fi nrtfsnlk pklf inenlk df k`rn, in enlmk`rn bkl in quf kpfrn sk`rf fi entfrmni pnrn ùsbnr fi k`gftk k nrtfcnbtkdfsfndk. Fi kcmbmk fs lkìf y dmhlk fl in efdmdn fl quf fi nprfldmz ikhrn sugftnrsf ni entfrmni,

3Fi sfr df in enlk lk sf dfgn dftfremlnr bkek ul rhnlk bkrpkrni df prfsml. Fiin lk fs uln pnrtf krhlmbndfi bufrpk dfstmlndn n tkenr, nsmr, mlbiusk nhnrrnr. Nndmeks tne`ml n tkenr, bkeprfldfr, bklbf`mr. () In

enlk lk fs fl fi sfr ouenlk fsflbmniefltf ul rhnlk df prfsml. In enlk dfi oke`rf dn y sf dn, emfltrnsquf fl iks nlmenifs, in enlk fs ul rhnlk quf pufdf skinefltf tkenr, nsmr, ndufnrsf df in bksn. Fi nlmeniskik pufdf dnr/tkenr in bksn k ins bksns sml tflfr rfinbml bkl in bksn tni bkek skl. In enlk dfi oke`rf fs ikquf fs dfsdf fi onìn k in pnin`rn pkrquf sf enlmcmfstn n trnvs df in fsbrmturn, fspfbmniefltf n trnvs df in

fsbrmturn enluni. (DFPPMDN GNB^VFR7 IN ENLK DF OFMDFHHFP. >==:)8Fi NPTMRTN tniin`n in endfrn df enlfrn enhmstrni, y fltklbfs em prfhultn7 ùsbn fl fi trkzk df endfrn in

ckren quf sf flbufltrn fl fiin k ùsbn ul trkzk df endfrn pnrn quf rfspkldn n in ckren k mdfn quf tmflf flsu bn`fzn; ] su rfspufstn7 Dfpfldf. N vfbfs in endfrn ef dmbf ik quf df`k onbfr y fl ktrns, y k tflhk ulnmdfn y ùsbk in endfrn quf pufdn sfrvmref pnrn fi cml quf pfrsmhk


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bklstrumr dfsdf i, sfr nrtfsnlk n pnrtmr lk df ik quf qumfrf onbfr, smlk dfi entfrmni bkl fi quf qumfrftrn`ngnr. (DFPPMDN GNB^VFR7 IN ENLK DF OFMDFHHFP. >==:)

4.=.FL IN FDVBNBMLy fl fi fgfrbmbmk dfi rki dkbfltf, fstks bklbfptks skl binvf7 sm fi enfstrk fsul NPTFRNLK, ik fs pkrquf dmspklf df ul bklkbmemfltk cufrtf df sus ofrrnemfltns (bngn), sn`f qu

fs ik quf qumfrf bklstrumr (cml), pfrk su emrndn fst pufstn fl fi entfrmni, fl fi sugftk quf df`fckrenrRF, fl ik quf fsf sugftk fs. Zkrquf tkdk ik quf qumfrn y pufdn sfr y onbfr df`f surhmr lk df inefltf y in ckren quf mepklf fi fdubndkr smlk dfi sfr y df ins pktflbmnimdndfs dfi fdubnldk, dfisugftk. Nii fstn in dmhlmdnd, in lk`ifzn dfi kcmbmk dfi vfrdndfrk enfstrk, dfi fxpfrtk ENFRTPKNPTFRNLK.

231. MAESTROS Y EDUCADORES COMO ARTESANOS

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