BALANCEO DE

MÁQUINAS

INTRODUCCIÓN

BENEFICIOS DE LA ALINEACIÓN DE PRECISIÓN

- La vida de los rodamientos se incrementa en un factor de 8 veces.

- El ahorro en el Presupuesto de Mantenimiento es de 7%

- La disponibilidad de la maquina incrementa en un 12%

- Los paros imprevistos debido a la desalineación se reducen a la mitad.

- El ahorro de energía se estima en un 11%

BENEFICIOS DEL BALANCEO DE PRECISION

La tolerancia típica de los fabricantes de máquinas en el balanceo es de 5 @ 7,6 mm/s de vibración.

Se recomienda que la tolerancia para el balanceo sean la dadas por las normas internacionales ISO, API, VDI.

Efectuar balanceos de precisión cuando se repare una máquina.

Balanceo de precisión cuando la máquina sea nueva y antes de iniciar su servicio.

El balanceo de precisión incrementa de manera significativa la vida de los sellos y rodamientos.

La vida de los rodamientos se duplica.

Machine vibrations: unbalance vibration

1 2 3 4

Fdynamic

Fstatic

Fresultierend

r

munbalance

mrotor

Fstatic = mrotor gFdynamic = munbalance v ²

1 period per revolutionunbalance vibration with 1 fn

„ swinging “ load zone

Fres

t

1

Fstat

4 2

3

4

Fdyn vrms

Fres4 Fres1 Fres2 Fres3 Fres4

1

23

4

load zone

Fdyn

FstatFres1

Fdyn

Fstat Fres2

Fdyn

Fstat

Fres3

Fdyn

FstatFres4

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

1. Impeller unbalance

1a)Outboard overhung rotor

1b) Integrated drive direct drive

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

1. Impeller unbalance

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

1c)Belt drive

1. Impeller unbalance

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

1. Impeller unbalance

1d)Inboard rotor

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

2. Coupling unbalance, eccentricity in coupling

- coupling - unbalanced, one side or both sides, not half key balanced-wear in coupling -look up coupling

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

3. Misalignment

Offset

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

Angularity

3. Misalignment

Measurement locations show damage causes (2)

4. Foundation resonance

Measurement locations show damage causes (2)

5. Dependence on direction according to foundation stiffness

Rigid foundation

Measurement locations show damage causes (2)

5. Dependence on direction according to foundation stiffness

Flexible foundation

Eliminate causes before balancing

2Unbalanced couplingAfter remountingBalance coupling with half feather key

3Unbalanced belt diskAfter remountingCheck smooth run and seat, rebalance if required

1Dust in mediumRemove caked dust from rotor disk

5Dust in mediumWear and tear of blades in rotor disk; re-armour radial disk, exchange axial blades

4bOne-off thermal deformationDue to process temperature ( exceeded ? ) during installation or damage due to heat/coldCheck process control

6Blade tearsUsually on radial disksReplacement or rewelding by manufacturer

7Missing correction massesPoor welding, missing screwsReplace, secure well

8Warped rotor disk seatFollowing transport damagesRework, replace

Loose and scewed hub seatAfter mounting, loosen radial disk or screws.During operation, caution when using Taper lock or braced adapted sleevesRemount properly

9

10Incorrect axial blade assemblyDiametrically opposing blades should have equal masses and tilting momentsRemount blades properly

1 2

3

457

6

8

11Improper paint jobPaint coat thickness not uniformBalance

12Deformation due to centrifugal forceOverspeed - permanently deformedUnstable impeller - snaps due to warpinge.g. radial impeller blades are fixed and temporaly warpedExchange rotorRework impeller construction

4aTemporary thermal deformationDue to process temperature ( exceeded ? )Check process controlRotor disk construction 12

Balancing condition: a quality process

Narrow tolerances in sheet metal or cast thickness

Take into account welding order of blades

Optimize welding equipment and procedure to minimize warping

Optimize casting procedure to minimize warping and tolerances

Balance according to ISOConcentric run according to drawingAxial play according to drawingSufficient balancing speedBlades: re-turn outer radiusDifference in fit: balancing shaft/shaftimpeller seat - impeller hub tolerancesNon-uniform paint coat thickness

Construction

Define appropriate fits

Define appropriate tolerances

Construct for balancing in manufacturing, assembling maintaining anti-cake impeller types

Protection against wear and tear

Production technology Rotor productionManufacturer

Assembly

Proper assembly: impeller seatCorrect position: bore reference circles, rotor disk seat, especially for withdrawal sleevesField balancing with operation condition (warm), for large blowers after assembly or if components exchange

System installation/Repair Operation

Warping after high temperature or rapid temperature changeCaking of dustMaterial wear and tearUnstable impeller typeMaterial inclusions in hub body ( axial impeller)

Service and maintenance

Cleaning intervals after soilingMonitor wear and tear, exchange disk if nec.Balancing after component exchangeRepair of rotor according to manufacturer specificationsLoose base screws / foundation tearsBearing damage, bearing fault

Repair

30April

Operator

Balancing condition: a quality process

1. Construction

Define appropriate fits

Define appropriate tolerances

Construct for balancing in manufacturing, assembling maintaining anti-cake impeller types

Protection against wear and tear

Balancing condition: a quality process

Production technology Rotor productionManufacturer

Narrow tolerances in sheet metal or cast thickness

Take into account welding order of blades

Optimize welding equipment and procedure to minimize warping

Optimize casting procedure to minimize warping and tolerances

Balance according to ISOConcentric run according to drawingAxial play according to drawingSufficient balancing speedBlades: re-turn outer radiusDifference in fit: balancing shaft/shaftimpeller seat - impeller hub tolerancesNon-uniform paint coat thickness

Balancing condition: a quality process

Assembly

Proper assembly: impeller seatCorrect position: bore reference circles, rotor disk seat, especially for withdrawal sleevesField balancing with operation condition (warm), for large blowers after assembly or if components exchange

System installation/Repair

Balancing condition: a quality process

Operation

Warping after high temperature or rapid temperature changeCaking of dustMaterial wear and tearUnstable impeller typeMaterial inclusions in hub body ( axial impeller)

Service and maintenance

Cleaning intervals after soilingMonitor wear and tear, exchange disk if nec.Balancing after component exchangeRepair of rotor according to manufacturer specificationsLoose base screws / foundation tearsBearing damage, bearing fault

Repair

30

April

Operator