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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE

SAN AGUSTIN

   TRABAJO DE QUIMICA APLICADA

  INTEGRANTES:

•   CALCINA HUANCA, YHAN KARLOS

•

  HILASACA CONDORI, FREDY

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DEFINICION

• Se denomina aislante eléctrico al materialcon escasa conductividad eléctrica.Aunque no e!"#en $ue%&o" absolutamenteaislantes o $on'u$#o%e", "!no (e)o%e" o &eo%e"$on'u$#o%e", "on (*#e%!*+e" (u u#!+!-*'o" &*%*e.!#*% $o%#o$!%$u!#o", forrando $on e++o" +o"conductores eléctricos, &*%* (*n#ene% *+e)*'*"'e+ u"u*%!o 'e#e%(!n*'*" &*%#e" 'e +o" "!"#e(*"e+/$#%!$o" que, 'e #o$*%"e *$$!'en#*+(en#e$u*n'o "e en$uen#%*n en #en"!0n, &ue'en

producir una descarga, &*%* confeccionaraisladores 1e+e(en#o" u#!+!-*'o" en +*" %e'e" 'e'!"#%!2u$!0n e+/$#%!$* &*%* 3)*% +o" $on'u$#o%e" *"u" "o&o%#e" "!n que 4** $on#*$#o e+/$#%!$o56

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CARACERISICAS

• Un* %e"!"#!.!'*' e+/$#%!$* *+#* !(&!'e 7u8*" 'e$o%%!en#e6

• Un* %e"!"#en$!* '!e+/$#%!$* e+e.*'* e.!#* +*%u&#u%* '!e+/$#%!$* 'e+ *!"+*n#e * *+#o" .o+#*)e"6

ε 9 V'• Con'u$e !n#e%n*(en#e "! e!"#en !(&u%e-*" que

&%o.oquen n!.e+e" 'on*n#e" o *$e&#o%e"6• Pue'e 'e"$*%8*%"e &o% *%$o e+/$#%!$o * +o +*%8o

'e "u "u&e%3$!e o * #%*./" 'e +o" &o%o"

!n#e%$one$#*'o" 'en#%o 'e+ $ue%&o *!"+*n#e6• Un* $on"#*n#e '!e+/$#%!$* &eque;* !(&!'e +*

&o+*%!-*$!0n, &o% +o que no "e !n'u$e $*%8*&o+*%!-*'* +o$*+(en#e en e+ *!"+*n#e6

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C!ASIFICACION

• A!"+*n#e" "o+!'o"

• A!"+*n#e" +!qu!'o"

• A"+*n#e" 8*"eoo"o"

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AIS!ANES SO!IDOS

• En +o" "!"#e(*" 'e *!"+*$!0n 'e #%*n"7o%(*'o%e"'e"#*$*n +*" $!n#*" "!n#/#!$*" PET 1#e%e7#*+*#o 'e&o+!e#!+eno5, PEN 1n*7#*+*#o 'e &o+!e#!+eno5 PPS1"u+3'o 'e &o+!7en!+eno5 que "e u#!+!-*n &*%*

en.o+.e% +o" $on'u$#o%e" (*8n/#!$o" 'e +o"2o2!n*'o"6 T!enen e$e+en#e" &%o&!e'*'e"'!e+/$#%!$*" 2uen* *'4e%en$!* "o2%e +o" *+*(2%e" (*8n/#!$o"6<Un 2uen *!"+*n#e en#%e .ue+#*" 'e +*" 2o2!n*" 'e#%*n"7o%(*'o%e" e" e+ $*%#0n &%en"*'o o &%e""2o*%',e+ $u*+ '* 7o%(* * e"#%u$#u%*" 'e *!"+*$!0n %=8!'*"6

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AIS!ANES !I"#IDOS

• L*" &%o&!e'*'e" 7="!$*" 'e +o" '!e+/$#%!$o" +=qu!'o"$o(o &o% e)e(&+o: &e"o e"&e$=3$o,$on'u$#!2!+!'*' #/%(!$*, $*+o% e"&e$=3$o, $on"#*n#e'!e+/$#%!$*, .!"$o"!'*', 'e&en'en 'e "u n*#u%*+e-*,

e" 'e$!% 'e +* $o(&o"!$!0n qu=(!$*, &e%o "u %!8!'e-'!e+/$#%!$*, *'e(>" e"#> +!8*'* * 7*$#o%e" e#e%no"$o(o &o% e)e(&+o: !(&u%e-* en "u"&en"!0n, en"o+u$!0n, 4u(e'*', e#$6, que, 8ene%*+(en#e,%e'u$en

"u .*+o%, 'e8%*'*n'o +* $*%*$#e%="#!$* !(&o%#*n#e6<

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• Lo" ?u!'o" o +=qu!'o" '!e+/$#%!$o" $u(&+en +* 'o2+e7un$!0n 'e *!"+*% +o" 2o2!n*'o" en +o"#%*n"7o%(*'o%e" '!"!&*% e+ $*+o% *+ !n#e%!o% 'e

e"#o" equ!&o"6<< E+ +=qu!'o '!e+/$#%!$o (>" e(&+e*'o e" e+ *$e!#e(!ne%*+6 E+ &%o2+e(* e" que e" *+#*(en#e!n?*(*2+e6< F+u='o" '!e+/$#%!$o" "!n#/#!$o", 14!'%o$*%2u%o"5 $on

*+#o &un#o 'e !n?*(*$!0n6E+ +=qu!'o *!"+*n#e "!n#/#!$o (>" u#!+!-*'o 'e"'e&%!n$!&!o" 'e +* '/$*'* 'e @ 4*"#* 3ne" 'e +o""7ue e+ A"$*%e+ o PCB, que 'e)o 'e u"*%"e &o% "e%(u $on#*(!n*n#e6<En#%e +o" nue.o" +=qu!'o" "!n#/#!$o" 'e"#*$*n +*""!+!$on*" +o" &o+*+7*o+e3ne"6 T!enen un *+#o$o"#o, e"o '!3$u+#* "u (*"!3$*$!0n6

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AIS!ANES 'ASEOSOS

• Lo" 8*"e" *!"+*n#e" (>" u#!+!-*'o" en +o"#%*n"7o%(*'o%e" "on e+ *!%e e+ n!#%08eno, e"#e+#!(o *&%e"!one" 'e @ *#(0"7e%*6 E"#o" #%*n"7o%(*'o%e"

"on 8ene%*+(en#e 'e $on"#%u$$!0n "e++*'*6 E+ *!%e o#%o" 8*"e" #!enen e+e.*'="!(* %e"!"#!.!'*' e"#>n&%>$#!$*(en#e een#o" 'e &/%'!'*" '!e+/$#%!$*

• 6 Lo" *!"+*n#e" e+/$#%!$o" "on (*#e%!*+e" '!e+/$#%!$o"$on *+#* %e"!"#!.!'*' e+/$#%!$*, *+#* %e"!"#en$!*'!e+/$#%!$* 2*)o &!"o 'e &/%'!'* un* $on"#*n#e

'!e+/$#%!$* no ne$e"*%!*(en#e *+#*6 E+ G*Sene%8/#!$o en#%e +* 2*n'* 'e .*+en$!* +* 'e$on'u$$!0n e" (u 8%*n'e6 Se #%*#* 'e +* (*o%=*'e +o" &o+=(e%o" (*#e%!*+e" $e%>(!$o"6

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DIFERENCIA ENREAIS!ANE ( DIE!ECRICO• Aislante 4*$e %e7e%en$!* * $u*+qu!e%

(*#e%!*+ que !(&!'e +* #%*n"(!"!0n 'e +*ene%8!* en $u*+qu!e%* 'e "u" 7o%(*"

Ve*"e:A!"+*n#e *$"#!$o, e+ que *="+* e+"on!'oA!"+*n#e e+/$#%!$o, e+ que *="+* +*e+e$#%!$!'*' A!"+*n#e #/%(!$o, e+ que *="+*+* #e(&e%*#u%*

• Se 'eno(!n* '!e+/$#%!$o" * +o" (*#e%!*+e"que no $on'u$en +* e+e$#%!$!'*', &o% +oque &ue'en "e% u#!+!-*'o" $o(o *!"+*n#e"