America Latina en La Primera Mitad Del Siglo Xx

7/26/2019 America Latina en La Primera Mitad Del Siglo Xx

1/23

AMERICA LATINA EN LA PRIMERA MITAD DEL SIGLO XX

LA SITUACIN ECONMICA Y SOCIAL HASTA 1930: LA ECONOMA

AGROEXPORTADORA

En la pr!"ra !#a$ $"l %&l' XX la "('n'!)a $" l'% pa)%"% $" A!*r(a la#na +," pa%an$'

$" la a&r'"-p'r#a(.n a la n$,%#ral/a(.n %,%##,#a $" !p'r#a('n"%

La "('n'!)a a&r'"-p'r#a$'ra 2#a!*n ('n'($a ('!' !'$"l' $" (r"(!"n#' 4a(a +,"ra

%" apl(. "n A!*r(a La#na $"%$" %, n$"p"n$"n(a "n la pr!"ra !#a$ $"l %&l' XIX

4a%#a l'% a5'% 30 $"l %&l' XX

En "%#" p"r)'$' l'% pa)%"% $" A!*r(a La#na "-p'r#aan !a#"ra% pr!a%6 ('!'

pr'$,(#'% a&r'p"(,ar'% 7 !n"ral"%6 4a(a l'% pa)%"% n$,%#ral/a$'% $" E,r'pa6

"%p"(al!"n#" In&la#"rra6 7 4a(a EEUU A %, "/ !p'r#aan l'% pr'$,(#'%

n$,%#ral/a$'% $"%$" a8,"ll'% pa)%"% 7 #a!*n r"()an $"%$" "ll'% la% n"r%'n"% $"

$n"r' n"("%ara% para a,!"n#ar la pr'$,((.n ' !"'rar l'% #ran%p'r#"% 7

('!,n(a('n"%

El $"%arr'll' "('n.!(' $" l'% pa)%"% la#n'a!"r(an'% %" $". al n#"r*% $" l'% pa)%"%

n$,%#ral/a$'% 8," a(#,aan %"&n %,% n"("%$a$"%: n"("%#aan la% !a#"ra% pr!a%

para %,% n$,%#ra% 7 !"r(a$'% $'n$" "n$"r l'% "-("$"n#"% $" la pr'$,((.n $" %,%

+;r(a% L'% n#"n#'% $" !'$"rn/a(.n "n A!*r(a La#na #a!*n %" 4("r'n p'r n#"r*%

$" la% p'#"n(a% "-#ran"ra%6 p'r ""!pl' la n%#ala(.n $" +"rr'(arrl"%6 8," %" 4/' para

p'$"r ll"ar !;% r;p$' 7 "n !a7'r (an#$a$ la% !a#"ra% pr!a% $"%$" "l n#"r'r $" l'%

pa)%"% 4a%#a l'% p,"r#'% $'n$" %" "-p'r#aan

L'% pa)%"% $" A!*r(a La#na %" "%p"(al/ar'n "n la pr'$,((.n $" ,n' ' p'('%

pr'$,(#'% p'r (a$a pa)%< "%#' %" ('n'(" ('!' !'n'pr'$,((.n En "l (a%' $" %"r

pr'$,(#'% a&r)('la% %" l" lla!a !'n'(,l#'

El 4%#'ra$'r ra%l"5' C"l%' =,r#a$' (la%+(a a l'% pa)%"% !'n'pr'$,(#'r"% $" A!*r(a

La#na "n #r"% #p'%:

E-p'r#a$'r"% $" pr'$,(#'% a&r)('la% $" (l!a #"!pla$' 2Ar&"n#na 7 Ur,&,a7> T"n)an

&ran$"% "-#"n%'n"% $" #"rra $"$(a$a% a la pr'$,((.n a&r)('la 7 &ana$"ra E-p'r#aan(,"r'%6 lana%6 (arn" 7 #r&'

E-p'r#a$'r"% $" pr'$,(#'% a&r)('la% $" (l!a #r'p(al 2la !a7'r)a $" l'% pa)%"%

la#n'a!"r(an'%6 ('!' ?ra%l6 C'l'!a6 @"n"/,"la6 E(,a$'r6 l'% pa)%"% $" A!*r(a

C"n#ral 7 "l Car" 7 "n par#" M*-('> P'r "%#ar ,(a$'% "n /'na #r'p(al %, (l!a l'%

4a()a ap#'% para $"#"r!na$'% (,l#'% 2(a+*6 (a(a'6 (a5a $" a/(ar6 #aa('6 anana%6


2/23

"#(> (,7a pr'$,((.n %" "n$)a a E,r'pa 7 EEUU C'!' la% p'#"n(a% ",r'p"a% #a!*n

'#"n)an "%#'% pr'$,(#'% $" %,% ('l'na% "n A+r(a6 l'% pr"('% $" "n#a "ran

&"n"ral!"n#" a'% 7 la a,n$an#" p'la(.n (a!p"%na 8," #raaaa "n la%

plan#a('n"% )a "n la !%"ra

E-p'r#a$'r"% $" !n"ral"% 2&r,p' +'r!a$' p'r C4l"6 P"r6 ?'la6 M*-(' 7 l,"&' %"%,!. @"n"/,"la al ('!"n/ar a "-pl'#ar "l p"#r.l"'> En "%#'% pa)%"% +,"r'n n"("%ara%

!p'r#an#"% n"r%'n"% $" $n"r' $" l'% pa)%"% n$,%#ral/a$'% para p'$"r "-pl'#ar l'%

!n"ral"% 7 4,' ,na !p'r#an#" ('n("n#ra(.n $" !an' $" 'ra "n la% /'na% $'n$" %"

,(aan l'% 7a(!"n#'%

La !'n'pr'$,((.n #"n)a ('n%"(,"n(a% n"&a#a% para l'% pa)%"% la#n'a!"r(an'%: al

$"p"n$"r %,% "-p'r#a('n"% $" ,n' ' "%(a%'% pr'$,(#'%6 "l n&r"%' $" $n"r' p'r la%

"n#a% al "-#"r'r %" p'$)a "r a+"(#a$'6 7a 8," l'% pa)%"% ('!pra$'r"% p'$)an %"r p'('%

7 % al&,n' $"aa $" ('!prar $%!n,)an la% "n#a% S "l pr"(' $" "%" pr'$,(#' aaan#a!*n $"%("n$)a "l $n"r' 8," n&r"%aa al pa)%

En "l (a%' $"l !'n'(,l#' la% ('n%"(,"n(a% n"&a#a% "ran an !a7'r"%: al (,l#ar "l

!%!' pr'$,(#' "n "l !%!' %,"l'6 "%#" %" a $"l#an$' 7 la pr'$,((.n $%!n,)a

Ta!*n %,("$)a 8," (a% #'$a% la% #"rra% ' la% !"'r"% %" $"$(aan para plan#ar "l

(,l#' 8," %" "-p'r#aa 7 %" $"%(,$aan l'% (,l#'% para al!"n#ar a la p'la(.n l'(al6

pr''(an$' "l 4a!r"

L'% !;% "n"+(a$'% ('n la "('n'!)a a&r'"-p'r#a$'ra "ran la% 'l&ar8,)a%6 l'% $,"5'%$"l p'$"r "('n.!(' 7 p'l)#(' S" #ra#aa $" ,n &r,p' ("rra$' $" +a!la% 8," '(,paan

l'% (ar&'% $" &'"rn'6 "ran pr'p"#ar'% $" la% #"rra% 7 "ran l'% "-p'r#a$'r"% $" l' 8,"

%,% #"rra% pr'$,()an D"%$" "l &'"rn' !p,%"r'n "l l"ral%!' "('n.!('6

p"r!#"n$' "l lr" ('!"r(' ('n "l "-#"r'r 8," #"n)a ('!' ('n%"(,"n(a la lr"

!p'r#a(.n $" pr'$,(#'% !an,+a(#,ra$'% La 'l&ar8,)a !an#"n)a !,7 ,"na% r"la('n"%

('n la% p'#"n(a% n$,%#ral"% p'r8," %,% n#"r"%"% "ran ('!,n"% 7 %" "n"+(aan

!,#,a!"n#": la% p'#"n(a% '#"n)an la% !a#"ra% pr!a% 8," n"("%#aan 7 la%

'l&ar8,)a% l"% "n$)an "%a% !a#"ra% pr!a% La !'$"rn/a(.n 8," %" 4/' "n la%l#!a% $*(a$a% $"l %&l' XIX "%#r"(4. l'% )n(,l'%: la% p'#"n(a% n"r#)an $n"r' "n

!"'ra% 8," p"r!#)an "-pl'#ar !"'r la% !a#"ra% pr!a% 7 p'r l' #an#' "n"+(ar a la%

'l&ar8,)a%

P'l)#(a!"n#" la% 'l&ar8,)a% la#n'a!"r(ana% !p,%"r'n $"!'(ra(a% !,7 l!#a$a%6

('n ,n $"r"(4' al '#' !,7 r"%#rn&$'6 "-(l,7"n$' a la !a7'r)a $" la p'la(.n D" "%a


3/23

!an"ra %" a%"&,raan !an#"n"r%" "n "l &'"rn' 7 a #ra*% $" la% l"7"% $"+"n$"r %,%

n#"r"%"% "('n.!('% T"n)an ,na %.n n"&a#a $" la% (la%"% p'p,lar"%6 "%p"(al!"n#"

$" l'% (a!p"%n'%6 a 8,"n"% ('n%$"raan &n'ran#"% " n(apa("% $" &'"rnar%" p'r %

!%!'%

LA SITUACIN ECONMICA Y SOCIAL ENTRE 1930 Y LOS AOS B0: LAIDUSTRIALIACIN

C'!' ('n%"(,"n(a $" la (r%% "('n.!(a n(a$a "n EEUU "n 1996 l'% pa)%"% $"A!*r(a La#na "-p'r#ar'n !"n'% (an#$a$ 7 a !"n'r pr"('6 7a 8," %,% 4a#,al"%('!pra$'r"%6 E,r'pa 7 EEUU6 l!#ar'n la% !p'r#a('n"%

El $"%("n%' $" l'% n&r"%'% $" $n"r' a l'% pa)%"% la#n'a!"r(an'% 4/' 8," "l pa&' $"la% $",$a% "-#"rna% +,"%" !;% $+)(l Una $" la% !"$$a% #'!a$a% para "n+r"n#ar l'%pa&'% $" la $",$a +," la r"$,((.n $" la% !p'r#a('n"% L'% &'"rn'% $" la r"&.n!p,%"r'n #a%a% aran("lara% al#a% para !"'rar l'% n&r"%'% "%#a#al"% E%#' l!#aa la%!p'r#a('n"% A "%#a !"$$a %" %,!. ,na $"al,a(.n $" la% !'n"$a%6 l' 8," "n(ar"()al'% pr'$,(#'% !p'r#a$'%

P'r #'$a% "%#a% ra/'n"%6 la% ,r&,"%)a% la#n'a!"r(ana% "n('n#rar'n la '(a%.n+a'ral" para n"r#r (ap#al"% "n la pr'$,((.n $" "n"% !an,+a(#,ra$'%6 "% $"(r6(r"ar'n n,"a% n$,%#ra% 7 p'r l' #an#' a,!"n#. "l n!"r' $" "!pl"'% E%#" !p,l%' %"a("n#,. %'r" #'$' "n pa)%"% ('!' M*-('6 Ar&"n#na6 ?ra%l6 C4l"6 C'l'!a 7 P"rH,' "n#'n("% ,n (r"(!"n#' $"l %"(#'r n$,%#ral 'r"n#a$' a %a#%+a("r la $"!an$an#"rna $" pr'$,(#'% n$,%#ral/a$'% 8," an#"% %" !p'r#aan A "%#" pr'("%' %" l"('n'(" ('!' n$,%#ral/a(.n p'r %,%##,(.n $" !p'r#a('n"% 2!'$"l' ISI ' (r"(!"n#'4a(a a$"n#r'>

P'r la (r%% 7 l'% (a!'% "('n.!('% 8," la %&,"r'n6 la% %'("$a$"% la#n'a!"r(ana%%,+r"r'n &ran$"% (a!'% Al #"!p' 8," %" $"#"n)a (a% p'r ('!pl"#' la ll"&a$a $"n!&ran#"% $"%$" E,r'pa6 l'% pr'l"!a% "('n.!('% 'l&ar'n a "!&rar 4a(a la (,$a$a !p'r#an#"% %"(#'r"% $" p'la(.n r,ral

Ha(a 1930 la p'la(.n la#n'a!"r(ana "ra pr"$'!nan#"!"n#" r,ral E%#a %#,a(.n('!"n/a a (a!ar a par#r $" "%" a5': %" '%"ra ,n (r"(!"n#' $" al&,na% (,$a$"%"n $"%!"$r' $"l (a!p' 7 $" la% (,$a$"% !;% (4(a% 8," %" ('n"r#"n "n "-p,l%'ra% $"%,% 4a#an#"% En ,n pr!"r !'!"n#' la% !&ra('n"% $"l (a!p' a la (,$a$ %" "-pl(anp'r la (r%% 8," a+"(#. a l'% %"(#'r"% a&r'p"(,ar'% L,"&' %" a&r"&a la #"(n+(a(.n $"la pr'$,((.n a&r)('la 7 "l a#ra(#' $"l !"'r %,"l$' "n la% n$,%#ra% 8," %" (r"aan "nla% (,$a$"% En 19 "l BF $" la p'la(.n #raaa$'ra "%#aa '(,pa$a "n "l (a!p'6 '#r'% "ran p"r'$%#a% 2Ha7a $" la T'rr" "n P"r>' n#"&ran#"% $" la p"8,"5a ,r&,"%)a 2G"#,l' @ar&a% "n ?ra%l> P'%")an ("r#' n"l

(,l#,ral6 p"r' %" !an"aan ('n ,n l"n&,a" %"n(ll' +a(l $" ('!pr"n$"r p'r ,n"l"(#'ra$' p'(' n%#r,$' La "-#"n%.n $"l %,+ra&' a la% !a%a% p'p,lar"% +," ,na $" la%(a,%a% $"l p'p,l%!'6 a4'ra la p'l)#(a 7a n' "ra r"%,"l#a p'r ,n'% p'('% $'(#'r"% ' l'%&"n"ral"% %n' 8," l'% %"(#'r"% p'p,lar"% p'$)an $"($r ('n %, '#' A "%'% %"(#'r"% %"$r&"r'n l'% l$"r"% p'p,l%#a%

El p'p,l%!' (ar"()a $" $"+n(.n $"'l.&(a 7 %" pr'(la!aa an#%'(al%#a 7an#(ap#al%#a P"r' "n r"al$a$ n %al"r'n $"l %%#"!a (ap#al%#a n l' r"+'r!ar'n$"!a%a$'6 7 "n ar'% (a%'% $"#,"r'n "l aan(" $" l'% %"(#'r"% $" la /8,"r$a


5/23

!ar-%#a #an#' a n"l p'l)#(' ('!' %n$(al L'% p'p,l%#a% "%#al"("r'n !"$$a% $"pr'#"((.n 4a(a l'% #raaa$'r"%6 p"r' "l !'!"n#' 'r"r' 8,"$. %'!"#$' al p'$"rp'l)#(' 7 +," 4;l!"n#" !anp,la$'

L'% ""!pl'% #)p('% $" &'"rn'% p'p,l%#a% +,"r'n: J,an D'!n&' P"r.n "n Ar&"n#na2$"%$" 19B a 19>6 G"#,l' @ar&a% "n ?ra%l 2$"%$" 19B a 19> 7 L;/ar' C;r$"na% "n

M*-(' 2$"%$" 193 a 190>

UN EJEMPLO DE POPULISMO: EL PERONISMO

Or)&"n"% $"l p"r'n%!'K En 1931 ,n &'lp" !l#ar p,%' +n al &'"rn' $" Hp.l#'Ir&'7"n r"pr"%"n#an#" $"l Par#$' Ra$(al En l'% a5'% 30 4,' ,na %,("%.n $"&'"rn'% !l#ar"% 7 (l"% ('n ,na #"n$"n(a ('n%"ra$'ra En 193 ,n n,"' &'lp"'l. a p'n"r a l'% !l#ar"% al +r"n#" $"l &'"rn' ar&"n#n' El n,"' &'"rn' !l#ar$"%&n. ('!' Mn%#r' $" Traa' al ('r'n"l J,an D'!n&' P"r.n6 $an$' 'r&"n a %,(arr"ra p'l)#(a

La n$,%#ral/a(.n 8," %" "%#aa $an$' "n Ar&"n#na6 +a'r"($a p'r la S"&,n$a G,"rraM,n$al6 4a)a pr''(a$' (a!'% %'(al"% !p'r#an#"%: p'r ,n la$' "l %,r&!"n#' $",na ,r&,"%)a n(,la$a a la n$,%#ra6 na('nal%#a 7 par#$ara $" !an#"n"r ,na p'l)#(a"-#"r'r n$"p"n$"n#" 7 n",#ral P'r '#r' la$' "l (r"(!"n#' $" la (la%" 'r"ra6"n&r'%a$a p'r "l #ra%la$' $" 4a#an#"% $" la% pr'n(a% 4a(a ?,"n'% Ar"% 2l'%(a"(#a% n"&ra%>

En "l "*r(#' %,r&. ,n &r,p' $" '+(al"% ."n"% 8," ('n($)a ('n la ,r&,"%)a "n %,%a%pra('n"% na('nal%#a% 7 $"%arr'll%#a%6 %"n$' par#$ar'% $" ('l'(ar la% pr'$,(('n"%;%(a% a' "l $'!n' $"l "%#a$' para !an#"n"r la n$"p"n$"n(a "('n.!(a E%'%'+(al"% +'r!ar'n ,na l'&a $"n#r' $"l "*r(#'6 "l GOU6 Gr,p' $" O+(al"% Un$'%6 8,"

#,' a(#a par#(pa(.n "n "l &'lp" $" 193 P"r.n6 8," p"r#"n"()a al GOU6 ('!"n/. a%"r ('n'($' p'r la% !"$$a% 8," #'!. $"%$" "l Mn%#"r' $" Traa' 8," +a'r"()an ala(la%" #raaa$'ra ar&"n#na: "%#a#,#' $"l p".n r,ral6 n'r!a% $" pr'#"((.n al #raa' $" l'%'r"r'%6 ('n&"la(.n $" l'% pr"('%

La p'p,lar$a$ $" P"r.n n' +," "n %#a p'r l'% %"(#'r"% !;% ('n%"ra$'r"% $"l "*r(#'8,"6 !p,l%a$'% p'r l'% %"(#'r"% "('n.!('% p'$"r'%'% ('n#rar'% a la% !"$$a% $"pr'#"((.n a l'% #raaa$'r"%6 $"%##,7"r'n a P"r.n 7 l' "n(ar("lar'n "n '(#,r" $" 19La "!aa$a $" EEUU6 8," ('n%$"raa a P"r.n p"l&r'%' p'r %, na('nal%!' 7 l'a(,%aa $" +a%(%#a6 ' ('n %!pa#)a %, al"a!"n#' $"l p'$"r

P"r' ,na &ran !an+"%#a(.n p'p,lar r"al/a$a "l 1 $" '(#,r"6 l'&r. 8," P"r.n +,"ra

l"ra$'

El &'"rn' !l#ar ('n'(. a "l"(('n"% 7 P"r.n6 8," 4a)a "%#a$' 'r&an/an$' a l'%%"(#'r"% #raaa$'r"%6 %" pr"%"n#. ('!' (an$$a#' $"l Par#$' J,%#(al%#a En+r"n#. a,na alan/a $" l'% $"!;% %"(#'r"% p'l)#('% 7 l'% $"rr'#.6 ,%an$' 4;l!"n#" lapr'pa&an$a al plan#"ar %, &'"rn' ('!' n(a al#"rna#a an#" la (r"("n#" n+l,"n(an'r#"a!"r(ana U#l/an$' a %, +a'r la n#r'!%.n "n l'% a%,n#'% ar&"n#n'% $"l"!aa$'r $" EEUU6 ?ra$"n628," pl(a!"n#" %" 4a)a pr'n,n(a$' ('n#ra P"r.n> lap,l($a$ ,%#(al%#a plan#"aa ?ra$"n ' P"r.n


6/23

El pr!"r &'"rn' p"r'n%#a 219BK1>K La I&l"%a6 "l E*r(#' 7 "l !'!"n#' %n$(al+,"r'n la% 'r&an/a('n"% "n la% 8," %" ap'7. "l p"r'n%!' La I&l"%a ' "n P"r.n la+&,ra (apa/ $" l'&rar ,n "8,lr' %'(al 7 ('n#r'lar a l'% 'r"r'% "#an$' %,/8,"r$/a(.n

El "*r(#' n' "%#,' ,n$' "n %, ap'7' a P"r.n6 p"r' "%#" l'&r. 8," la !a7'r par#" l'%r"%pal$ara a,!"n#an$' %, pr"%,p,"%#' S" (r"ar'n +;r(a% !l#ar"% para ('n%#r,r$"%$" a'n"% 4a%#a a,#'!.l"%

El prn(pal ap'7' n' $"l !'!"n#' %n$(al Ha%#a la ll"&a$a $" P"r.n al Mn%#"r' $"Traa'6 l'% 'r"r'% (ar"()an $" 'r&an/a(.n< l'% &r"!'% #"n)an p'('% n#"&ran#"% 7 la!a7'r)a $" l'% #raaa$'r"%6 $" 'r&"n r,ral6 n' ('!pr"n$)an n %"&,)an a l'% $r&"n#"%anar8,%#a%6 %'(al%#a% 7 ('!,n%#a% C'n P"r.n %,r&. ,n n,"' %n$(al%!'6 n(,la$'al Par#$' J,%#(al%#a 7 al p'$"r S" (r". ,na ("n#ral para ,nr a #'$'% l'% %n$(a#'%: laCGT 2C'n+"$"ra(.n G"n"ral $" Traaa$'r"%>6 (,7'% $r&"n#"% r"()an (ar&'% 7"n"+('% "('n.!('% +'r!an$' ,na ar%#'(ra(a %n$(al

L'% #raaa$'r"% r"("r'n !,(4'% "n"+('%6 p"r' $")an p"r!an"("r +"l"% a la%'r"n#a('n"% $"l &'"rn' El ('n#r'l $"l %"(#'r %n$(al6 p"r!#)a al &'"rn' !an#"n"r lapa/ a %'(al 8," l'% n"r%'r"% "-&)an El p"r'n%!' %" !an+"%#aa an#'l&;r8,('6an#!p"ral%#a6 p"r' #a!*n an#!ar-%#a 7 n' (r")a "n la l,(4a $" (la%"%

L'% a%p"(#'% !;% !p'r#an#"% $" la 'ra r"al/a$a p'r "l p"r'n%!' +,"r'n:

K La "%#a#/a(.n $"l ?an(' C"n#ral6 l'% +"rr'(arrl"%6 l'% #"l*+'n'%6 "l &a% 7 la aa(.n

K El "%#a$' ('n#r'l. "l ('!"r(' "-#"r'r6 $"($"n$' 8," pr'$,(#'% %" !p'r#aan 7 (,al"%n' A$"!;% "l "%#a$' ('!praa la pr'$,((.n a&r)('la a l'% pr'$,(#'r"% 7 la r""n$)a al"-#"r'r

K S" "%#!,l. "l $"%arr'll' $" la aa(.n6 la !arna !"r(an#" na('nal 7 la n$,%#ra6"%p"(al!"n#" la n$,%#ra lana

K En !a#"ra %'(al %" ('n(r"#ar'n !"'ra% "n la %#,a(.n $" l'% #raaa$'r"%: a,!"n#'%%alaral"%6 a(a('n"% pa&a% 7 a&,nal$'

En (,an#' al r*&!"n p'l)#('6 +," a,#'r#ar' El %%#"!a "$,(a#' $"p"n$. $"l &'"rn'En l'% lr'% "%('lar"% %" r"al/. ,n (,l#' a la p"r%'nal$a$ $" P"r.n 7 %, "%p'%a6 E#aLa ,n"r%$a$ p"r$. a,#'n'!)a L'% $"r"(4'% n$$,al"% +,"r'n l!#a$'% S""%#al"("r'n r"%#r(('n"% ' %!pl"!"n#" %" "l!n. a la pr"n%a 'p'%#'ra

El %"&,n$' &'"rn' p"r'n%#a 219K> 7 %, (a)$aK Para la% "l"(('n"% $" 196 %"p'%#,l. n,"a!"n#" P"r.n La CGT 8,"r)a 8," +,"ra a('!pa5a$' p'r %, "%p'%a ('!'(an$$a#a a la ("Kpr"%$"n(a Ea D,ar#"6 lla!a$a p'p,lar!"n#" E#a6 4a)a %$' ,n!p'r#an#" ap'7' "n "l pr!"r &'"rn' p"r'n%#a< n(l,%' an#"%6 (,!pl. ,n pap"l#ra%("n$"n#" "n la 'r&an/a(.n $" la !an+"%#a(.n p'p,lar 8," $"'l. a P"r.n lal"r#a$ 2"l 1 $" '(#,r" $" 196 ("l"ra$' p'r l' p"r'n%#a% ('!' D)a $" la L"al#a$>D,ran#" la pr!"ra pr"%$"n(a $" P"r.n %" "n(ar&. $"l Mn%#"r' $" Traa'6 r"al/an$'!,(4a% 'ra% $" a7,$a 4a(a l'% #raaa$'r"%6 la% !,"r"% 7 l'% an(an'% La 'ra +,",%a$a $"!a&.&(a!"n#" p'r la pr'pa&an$a p"r'n%#a6 r"%al#an$' la p"r%'nal$a$ $"


7/23

E#a ('!' aan$"ra$a $" l'% 4,!l$"% En la pr'pa&an$a %" p'n)a *n+a%% "n %,'r&"n 4,!l$"6 ,na (a"(#a n"&ra 8," n' n"&aa %,% 'r)&"n"%6 a,n8," n' '(,l#aa %,&,%#' p'r la% '7a%6 la% p"l"% 7 l'% ('%#'%'% "%#$'%

La pr'p,"%#a $" 8," E#a +,"ra la ("pr"%$"n#a n' pr'%p"r.6 "n par#" p'r la &ra""n+"r!"$a$ 8," #"n)a6 2,n (;n("r 8," l" pr''(. la !,"r#" "n 19> 7 "n par#" p'r la

'p'%(.n $" l'% %"(#'r"% !;% ('n%"ra$'r"% $"l p"r'n%!' 7 $"l "*r(#'

A,n8," #r,n+. ('n "l B0F $" l'% '#'%6 la %"&,n$a pr"%$"n(a $" P"r.n $". "n+r"n#ar%"r'% pr'l"!a% C'!' pa%. ('n '#r'% &'"rn'% p'p,l%#a% $" A La#na6 la %#,a(.nn#"rna('nal 7a n' "ra #an +a'ral" para la "('n'!)a =r"n#" a la (r%% "l &'"rn'r"$,' l'% %alar'% 76 aan$'na$' %, p'%#,ra na('nal%#a 7 an#!p"ral%#a6 ar. la"('n'!)a ar&"n#na al (ap#al "-#ran"r' 2p'r ""!pl' 7a(!"n#'% $" p"#r.l"' "n#r"&a$'%a la S#an$ar$ Ol>

El r*&!"n p"r$. "l ap'7' $" la I&l"%a Ca#.l(a al apr'ar la l"7 $" $'r(' 7 r"#rar la"n%"5an/a r"l&'%a $" la% "%(,"la% pl(a% El "n+r"n#a!"n#' %" 4/' !;% $,r' (,an$'%"(#'r"% ra$(al"% $"l p"r'n%!' 8,"!ar'n &l"%a% #ra% ,n +ra(a%a$' &'lp" !l#ar "n

+"r"r' $" 19

A p"%ar $" 8," la CGT %&,. %"n$' "l ap'7' prn(pal6 al&,n'% %n$(a#'%6 ('!' l'%!"#alr&('%6 "%(apar'n al ('n#r'l $"l &'"rn' 7 r"al/ar'n 4,"l&a% La +al#a $" E#a %"4/' %"n#r

En %"#"!r" $" 196 "l &"n"ral L'nar$ "n(a"/. ,n l"an#a!"n#' !l#ar P"r.n n''p,%' r"%%#"n(a6 r"n,n(. 7 %" !ar(4. a ,n ('n+'r#al" "-l'

AMRICA LATINA EN LA SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XX

En "l #ran%(,r%' $" la% $*(a$a% $"l B0 7 $"l 0 %" pr'$,"r'n al#"rna#a!"n#" n#"n#'%$" r"+'r!a%6 pr'+,n$a% (r%% "('n.!(a%6 %'(al"% 7 p'l)#(a%6 r"'l,('n"% ' n#"n#'% $"l'&rarla% 7 $(#a$,ra% S" a("n#,. la $"p"n$"n(a "('n.!(a ('n "l !an#"n!"n#' $" la%%#,a('n"% $" p'r"/a =," a$"!;% ,na *p'(a (ara(#"r/a$a p'r la% ('n+r'n#a('n"%%'(al"% 7 p'l)#(a% a&raa$a% p'r la pr"%"n(a $" la R"'l,(.n C,ana 7 "lr"+'r/a!"n#' $" la G,"rra =r)a "n la r"&.n

EL ESTANCAMIENTO ECONMICO

=," ('n%"(,"n(a $" ar'% +a(#'r"% r"la('na$'%:

K ?aa $" l'% pr"('% n#"rna('nal"% $" la% !a#"ra% pr!a% "-p'r#a$a% p'r A La#na L'%pr"('% al#'% 8," 4a)an al(an/a$' "l ('r"6 "l "%#a5'6 la (arn"6 la lana6 "#(6 $,ran#" la&,"rra n' %" !an#,"r'n

K D"#"r'r' "n l'% #*r!n'% $" n#"r(a!': l'% pr'$,(#'% "n$$'% p'r A La#na al)an!"n'%6 p"r' l'% 8," ('!praa al)an !;%< ('!' r"%,l#a$' 4,' 8," $%p'n"r $" !;%


8/23

$n"r' para !p'r#ar pr'$,(#'% A "%' 4a7 8," a&r"&arl" l' 8," %" pa&aa p'r +l"#"%6a7,$a #*(n(a6 "#(

K A,!"n#' $" la $",$a "-#"rna La alan/a ('!"r(al $"%+a'ral" 7 "l $*+(# $" l'%pr"%,p,"%#'% "%#a#al"% 2!;% &a%#'% 8," n&r"%'% $" $n"r'> ll"ar'n a ,%(ar la %'l,(.na #ra*% $" la %'l(#,$ $" pr*%#a!'% '#'r&a$'% p'r '#r'% pa)%"%6 p'r an('% pra$'%

"-#ran"r'% ' p'r 'r&an%!'% n#"rna('nal"% ('!' "l ='n$' M'n"#ar' In#"rna('nal L'%pr*%#a!'% "%#,"r'n $"%#na$'% 6 "n#r" '#ra% ('%a% a ('!prar !a8,nara% para la%n$,%#ra% 7 pa&ar la a$!n%#ra(.n pl(a

K R"%%#"n(a al (a!' $" la% "%#r,(#,ra% a&rara% La% r"+'r!a% p'p,l%#a% $" l'% a5'%0 7 0 n' a+"(#ar'n al la#+,n$' La #"rra %&,. ('n("n#ra$a "n p'(a% !an'% La !a7'rpar#" $" la p'la(.n la#n'a!"r(ana " "n "l (a!p'6 (ar"(" $" #"rra% 7 $" !"$'% $"$a %,+("n#"% ('!' para ('n%,!r l'% pr'$,(#'% r"al/a$'% p'r la% n$,%#ra%la#n'a!"r(ana% Al 8,"$ar +,"ra $"l ('n%,!' "%#a% !a%a% $" p'la(.n6 la% n$,%#ra%#,"r'n !"n'% "n#a% $" la% "%p"ra$a%6 $%!n,7"r'n la pr'$,((.n6 l'% "!pl"'% 7 l'%%alar'% Al 4a"r !"n'% p'$"r a$8,%#' "n la (,$a$"%6 4,' ,na $%!n,(.n "n la$"!an$a $" pr'$,(#'% a&r)('la%6 ("rr;n$'%" a%) ,n ()r(,l' "('n.!(' n"&a#'

K Ma7'r pr"%"n(a $" la% !,l#na('nal"% M,(4a% "("% l'% pa)%"% la#n'a!"r(an'%pr"%"n#ar'n "n#aa% para la n%#ala(.n $" "!pr"%a% !,l#na('nal"%: a!pl'% !"r(a$'%6r"(,r%'% na#,ral"%6 !an' $" 'ra6 n+ra"%#r,(#,ra r"la#a!"n#" $"%arr'lla$a6 r"&)!"n"%p'l)#('% %"&,r'% S" &"n"ral/ar'n la% n"r%'n"% $" "!pr"%a% $" 'r&"nn'r#"a!"r(an' "n %"(#'r"% (la"% ('!' la !n"r)a6 "l p"#r.l"'6 la% a&r'n$,%#ra% 7 l'%an('%

K D"%(ap#al/a(.n: %al$a $" (ap#al"% 4a(a "l "-#"r'r La% !a7'r par#" $" la% &anan(a%'#"n$a% p'r la% "!pr"%a% "-#ran"ra% 8," n"r#)an "n A La#na6 "ran "na$a% a l'%

a(('n%#a% ra$(a$'% "n "l "-#"r'r A "%#' 4a7 8," a&r"&ar "l pa&' $" l'% n#"r"%"% $" la$",$a 7 l' 8," %" pa&aa p'r la% !p'r#a('n"% Era !,(4' !;% "l $n"r' 8," %al)a 4a(al'% pa)%"% $"%arr'lla$'% 8," "l 8," "%#'% n"r#)an "n La#n'a!*r(a En#r" 19B 7 19B04,' ,na %al$a $" !;% $" B !l !ll'n"% $" $.lar"% E%#a p*r$$a $" $n"r' !p$. 8,"l'% pa)%"% $" A La#na %" (ap#al/aran 7 #,"ran %, pr'p' $n"r' para n"r#r6a,!"n#an$' la $"p"n$"n(a $" l'% pr*%#a!'%

K La pr"%"n(a $"l =MI %&n+(. ,na l!#a(.n a la la'r $" l'% &'"rn'%la#n'a!"r(an'% L'% pr*%#a!'% '#'r&a$'% p'r "l =MI ' %, aal ('!' &aran#)a para'#"n"r pr*%#a!'% $" an('% "-#ran"r'%6 %" 4a()an a (a!' $" +r!ar (ar#a% n#"n(.n"n la% 8," l'% &'"rn'% %" ('!pr'!"#)an a (,!plr ('n $"#"r!na$'% r"8,%#'% 2!"n'rn#"r"n(.n $"l "%#a$' "n la "('n'!)a6 r"%#r((.n $" pr*%#a!'% ara#'%6 $"al,a('n"%6

lr" al'r $"l $.lar6 "#(> E%#' !pl(. aan$'nar la p'l)#(a n#"r"n('n%#a 7 $" "%#a$'"n"+a(#'r 8," %" "n)a r"al/an$'< ('!' ('n%"(,"n(a $%!n,7. la pr'#"((.n a l'%%"(#'r"% #raaa$'r"% 7 $" p"8,"5a% "!pr"%a%6 a,!"n#an$' la ('n+l(#$a$ %'(al

LA SITUACIN SOCIAL Y POLTICA


9/23

Una $" la% !"$$a% #'!a$a% p'r l'% &'"rn'% " a%" a la% r"('!"n$a('n"% $"l =M6+," la "l!na(.n $" l'% (a!'% !l#pl"%6 "% $"(r 8," 7a n' p'$)a 4a"r ,n al'r$%#n#' para "l $.lar %"&n para 8," %" +,"ra a ,%ar D,ran#" "l p"r)'$' $" (r"(!"n#'4a(a a$"n#r' %" pa&aa a l'% "-p'r#a$'r"% ,n $'lar ara#' para l,"&' "n$"r%"l' ara#'a l'% !p'r#a$'r"% $" !a8,nara 7 ('!,%#l" ' pr'$,(#'% n"("%ar'% para "l ('n%,!'p'p,lar S "l $'lar %" a a ,%ar para !p'r#ar pr'$,(#'% 8," %" p'$)an 4a("r "n

La#n'a!*r(a ' 8," n' "ran n"("%ar'%6 %al)a !;% (ar'

La "l!na(.n $" "%#a $+"r"n(a "n "l al'r $"l $.lar 7 la $"al,a(.n $" la% !'n"$a%na('nal"%6 %&n+(. ,n a,!"n#' $" la &anan(a $" l'% "-p'r#a$'r"% 7 ,n "n(ar"(!"n#'$" l'% pr'$,(#'% !p'r#a$'%

La% $"al,a('n"% #ra"r'n n+la(.n 7 p'r l' #an#' a,!"n#' $" pr"('%6 "l";n$'%" "l('%#' $" $a La n+la(.n a+"(#. a l'% %"(#'r"% 8," #"n)an n&r"%'% +'% 2a%alara$'%6

,la$'%> 7 a l'% $"%'(,pa$'%6 a,!"n#an$' la% $+"r"n(a% %'(al"%

La r"%#r((.n a l'% (r*$#'% l"%'n. a l'% p"8,"5'% pr'$,(#'r"% 8,"6 (ar"n#"% $"%,+("n#" (ap#al6 n' p'$)an 4a("r +r"n#" a la% n"("%$a$"% "('n.!(a% 2a,!"n#' $"l

pr"(' $" la !a8,nara 7 l'% ('!,%#l"%> 7 n' p,$"r'n r"n'ar %,% "!pr"%a%

La% (la%" !"$a% ,rana% 8," %" 4a)an a('%#,!ra$' a ,n ('n%,!' %!lar al $"pa)%"% $"%arr'lla$'% 2"n$a pr'pa6 a,#'!.l6 "l"(#r'$'!*%#('%6 "%#!"n#a6a(a('n"%> "r'n $%!n,r %, p'$"r $" ('!pra

E%#a %#,a(.n pr''(. !a7'r ('n+l(#$a$: 4,"l&a% 7 !an+"%#a('n"%

L'% &'"rn'% na('nal"% #'!ar'n !"$$a% r"pr"%a% ('n#ra l'% %n$(a#'% 7 la%'r&an/a('n"% "%#,$an#l"% 8," %" %,!ar'n a la% pr'#"%#a% La r"pr"%.n 7 la +al#a $"%'l,('n"% al "%#an(a!"n#' "('n.!(' n("n#ar'n la 'l"n(a p'l)#(a ='('%r"'l,('nar'% %" $"r'n "n ar'% pa)%"% $" A!*r(a La#na #'!an$' ('!' ""!pl' l'

%,("$$' "n C,a

LA RE@OLUCIN CU?ANA Y SUS CONSECUENCIAS

C,a6 ,na %la $" la% An#lla%6 a$8,r. !p'r#an(a "%#ra#*&(a 7 ('!"r(al a par#r $"l%&l' X@III S, p'la(.n n$)&"na ap"na% %'r". al pr!"r %&l' $" ('l'n/a(.n"%pa5'la 7 +," %,%##,$a p'r !an' $" 'ra "%(laa a+r(ana S" +'r!. a%) ,na %'("$a$!,l#*#n(a

S, "('n'!)a %" a%aa "n la% plan#a('n"% $" (a5a $" a/(ar P'l)#(a!"n#" +," "l

l#!' #"rr#'r' a!"r(an' "n n$"p"n$/ar%" $" E%pa5a6 a +n"% $"l %&l' XIX En "l ('rr"$" "%" %&l' l'% !'!"n#'% na('nal%#a% n#"n#ar'n "n ara% '(a%'n"% #"r!nar ('n la('l'n/a(.n p"r' la% r"'l,('n"% "ran $"rr'#a$a% =nal!"n#"6 "n 196 EEUU n#"rn'$"(laran$'l" la &,"rra a E%pa5a6 l' 8," p"r!#. a l'% r""l$"% (,an'% '#"n"r %,n$"p"n$"n(a A "%a al#,ra 7a "-%#)an !p'r#an#"% n"r%'n"% $" (ap#al"%n'r#"a!"r(an'% "n la% plan#a('n"% a/,(ar"ra%

El n,"' "%#a$' 8,"$. a' la n+l,"n(a $" EEUU6 n(l,%' %, pr'pa ('n%##,(.n"%#al"()a "l $"r"(4' $" l'% n'r#"a!"r(an'% a n#"r"nr "n C,a "n (a%' $" 8," %"


10/23

"ran a+"(#a$'% %,% n#"r"%"% 2"n!"n$a Pla## $" 190>En ara% '(a%'n"% EEUUn#"rn' !l#ar!"n#" "n la %la: 190B6 1916 1916 19 7 1933

La "('n'!)a (,ana %&,. a%an$'%" "n la pr'$,((.n $" a/(ar (a$a "/ !;%$'!na$a p'r l'% (ap#al"% $" EEUU En 190 (a% "l 0F $" la% #"rra% $"$(a$a% a la(a5a $" a/(ar "ran pr'p"$a$ $" "!pr"%a% n'r#"a!"r(ana% EEUU #a!*n ('n#r'laa

l'% %"r('% #"l"+.n('%6 la "l"(#r($a$6 l'% +"rr'(arrl"% 7 la pr'$,((.n $" n)8,"l6 a$"!;%$" ('n#r'lar ,"na par#" $" l'% (a%n'% 7 ("n#r'% $" $"r%.n n'(#,rna $" La Haana

La (a5a $" a/(ar pr"(%aa !,(4a !an' $" 'ra $,ran#" la ('%"(4a p"r' l,"&' "%'%#raaa$'r"% 8,"$aan $"%"!pl"a$'% La% ('n$('n"% $" $a "n "l !"$' r,ral "ran!ala% 7 "-%#)a ,na +,"r#" !&ra(.n 4a(a la% (,$a$a$"%

P'l#(a!"n#" %" %,("$"r'n $(#a$,ra% 8," !an#"n)an la %#,a(.n "('n.!(a 7 %'(aln(a!a$a En 1933 ,na 4,"l&a &"n"ral l'&r. la (a)$a $"l $(#a$'r Ma(4a$'6 7 la(r"a(.n $" ,n &'"rn' $"!'(r;#(' P"r' "%#" n' ('n#. ('n "l ap'7' $"l EEUU 8,"pr'p(. ,na n,"a $(#a$,ra a (ar&' $"l %ar&"n#' =,l&"n(' ?a#%#a E%#" %" !an#,' "n"l p'$"r $"%$" 193 a 199 En "%" p"r)'$' %" 4("r'n "l"(('n"% p"r' la 'p'%(.n "ra

p"r%"&,$a 7 "-%#)a +ra,$"

An#" "%a %#,a(.n6 "n "l a5' 1936 ,n &r,p' $" ."n"% l$"ra$'% p'r a'&a$' =$"lCa%#r' r"al/. ,n a%al#' al C,ar#"l M'n(a$a6 p"r' +ra(a%. 7 l'% r""l$"% +,"r'n pr"%'%C,an$' 'l"r'n a la l"r#a$6 Ca%#r' 7 '#r'% r""l$"%6 %" #ra%la$ar'n a M*-(' $'n$"pr"parar'n ,na n%,rr"((.n !a7'r

La &,"rrlla $" S"rra Ma"%#raK El $" $("!r" $" 19B6 0 4'!r"% $"%"!ar(ar'n al%,r $" la %la En#r" "ll'% "%#aan =$"l Ca%#r'6 %, 4"r!an' Ral 7 "l ar&"n#n' Ern"%#'C4" G,"ara D"%(,"r#'% 7 a#a(a$'% ,%(ar'n r"+,&' "n la /'na !'n#a5'%a 7%"l;#(a6 n#"rn;n$'%" l'% p'('% %'r""n#"% "n la S"rra Ma"%#ra

En la !'n#a5a %" 'r&an/. ,n "*r(#' r"'l,('nar' +'r!a$' %'r"#'$' p'r (a!p"%n'%La% 'p"ra('n"% &,"rrll"ra% %" +,"r'n a!plan$' al r"%#' $" la %la El &'"rn' $"?a#%#a6 a(,%a$' $" n(apa($a$ 7 ('rr,p(.n n' #"n)a r"%pal$' p'p,lar 7 !,(4'% "r'n('n %!pa#)a la r""l.n @ar'% par#$'% %" %,!ar'n a la l,(4a ('n#ra ?a#%#a 7 %" (r". ,nDr"(#'r' R"'l,('nar' En la% (,$a$"% %" %,!ar'n la% pr'#"%#a%6 l'% %a'#a"% 7+nal!"n#"6 "n !ar/' $" 19 +," a%al#a$' "l pala(' pr"%$"n(al ?a#%#a6 8," 7a n'('n#aa n ('n "l r"%pal$' $" EEUU6 4,7.

El 1 $" "n"r' $" 199 "l "*r(#' &,"rrll"r' "n#r. a La Haana

El "n+r"n#a!"n#' ('n EEUUK L'% pr!"r'% $)a% $"%p,*% $"l #r,n+' $" la r"'l,(.n+,"r'n $" ",+'ra "n C,a6 a,n8," na$" #"n)a "n (lar' 8," %" pr'p'n)an l'% #r,n+a$'r"%@ar'% "ran l'% 8," 4a)an par#(pa$' "n la (a)$a $" ?a#%#a6 p"r' "l p'$"r %l" "%#aa"n "l "*r(#' r"'l,('nar' +'r!a$' "n S"rra Ma"%#ra6 (,7'% l)$"r"% 4alaan $" 4a("r,n &'"rn' na('nal%#a 7 an#!p"ral%#a

S" (r". ,n &'"rn' $" ('al(.n $"l 8," par#(paan ara% +,"r/a% p'l)#(a%< =$"l (a%#r'+," $"%&na$' ('!an$an#" $"l n,"' "*r(#' L'% pr!"r'% pa%'% $"l n,"' &'"rn'+,"r'n $" (ar;(#"r r"+'r!%#a P"r' l,"&' la% !"$$a% +,"r'n !;% pr'+,n$a% 7 la alan/a


11/23

%" r'!p. La r"+'r!a a&rara6 la% na('nal/a('n"% $" "!pr"%a% "-#ran"ra%6 "l ,(' al'% (r!nal"% $" &,"rra6 la r"$,((.n $"l al'r $" l'% al8,l"r"%6 "l ("rr" $" l'% (a%n'%6al". $"l &'"rn' a l'% %"(#'r"% !'$"ra$'%6 p"r#"n"("n#"% a la (la%" al#a 7 n(,la$'% aEEUU

La% !"$$a% $"l &'"rn' #a!p'(' &,%#ar'n a EEUU 8," ")a a C,a ('!' par#" $" %,

/'na $" n+l",n(a An#" la na('nal/a(.n $" "!pr"%a% a/,(ar"ra% 8," "%#aan "n!an'% $" n'r#"a!"r(an'%6 "l &'"rn' $" EEUU $"($. n' ('!prar a/(ar a C,a El&'"rn' (,an' a$8,r. p"#r.l"' a la URSS< la% r"+n"r)a% 8," 4a)a "n C,a "rann'r#"a!"r(ana% 7 %" n"&ar'n a r"+nar "l p"#r.l"' $" 'r&"n %'*#(' C,a r"a(('n.na('nal/an$' la% r"+n"r)a%

In(al!"n#" n Ca%#r' n l'% '#r'% $r&"n#"% &,"rrll"r'% "ran ('!,n%#a% P"r' "l"n+r"n#a!"n#' (a$a "/ !a7'r ('n EEUU6 l'% ll". a ,%(ar "l ap'7' $" la URSS6 8,"%" #ran%+'r!. "n "l n,"' !"r(a$' $"l a/(ar (,an' 7 "l aa%#"("$'r $" !a8,nara6p"#r.l"' 76 (,an$' la% r"la('n"% ('n EEUU +,"r'n !;% #"n%a%6 $" ar!a!"n#'

En 19B16 ('n la a,#'r/a(.n $"l pr"%$"n#" J'4n "nn"$76 l'% %"r('% %"(r"#'%

n'r#"a!"r(an'% pr"parar'n ,na na%.n a C,a S,p,"%#a!"n#" %" #ra#aa $" (,an'%$"%('n#"n#'% ('n "l &'"rn' 8," %" r""laan La na%.n %" 'r&an/. "n G,a#"!ala2$'n$" EEUU 4a)a r"al/a$' ,na 'p"ra(.n %!lar ,n'% a5'% a#r;% 7 4a)a #"n$' *-#'>7 "l l,&ar $" la na%.n +," Pla7a Gr.n 2?a4)a C'(4n'%> P"r' la $"+"n%a r"al/a$a p'r"l n,"' "*r(#' (,an' 7 la +al#a $" ap'7' a l'% na%'r"%6 4/' +ra(a%ar "l plan

P'(' $"%p,*% =$"l Ca%#r' an,n(aa la 'r"n#a(.n %'(al%#a $" %, &'"rn' L'%%"(#'r"% p'l)#('% 8," ap'7aan la r"'l,(.n +'r!ar'n "l Par#$' C'!,n%#a $" C,a 8,"8,"$. ('!' par#$' n('

L'% pr!"r'% a5'% $" la r"'l,(.nK

En "l plan' "('n.!(' %" p,%' "n !ar(4a ,na r"+'r!a a&rara 8," "l!n. l'% la#+,n$'%S" "-pr'par'n la% p'%"%'n"% $" !;% $" 00 4"(#;r"a% 7 %" r"par#"r'n "n#r" p"8,"5'%pr'p"#ar'% 7 (''p"ra#a%

S" "%#a#/ar'n la% &ran$"% "!pr"%a% n$,%#ral"% 2p'r ""!pl' la% #aa(al"ra%>6 l'%&ran$"% al!a("n"%6 l'% an('% 7 la% ('!pa5)a% "l*(#r(a% 7 #"l"+.n(a%

En la "$,(a(.n +," %n $,$a $'n$" %" '%"rar'n !;% l'&r'% En C,a6 an#"% $" lar"'l,(.n6 "l 3F $" la p'la(.n n' %a)a l""r n "%(rr 7 $" l'% n5'% "n "$a$ $" r ala "%(,"la %.l' la !#a$ l' 4a()a El &'"rn' $" Ca%#r' %" pr'p,%' "rra$(ar "lanal+a"#%!' El a5' 19B1 %" $"(lar. A5' $" la "$,(a(.n6 %" 'r&an/ar'n r&a$a% $"

."n"% "%#,$an#"% 7 +,"r'n "na$a% p'r #'$a la %la para al+a"#/ar a la p'la(.n

Un'% 0 !l ."n"% par#(par'n ('!' r&a$%#a% 7 al +nal/ar "l a5' 4a)an l'&ra$'al+a"#/ar a (a% #'$'% l'% anal+a"#'%

D"%$" "l p,n#' $" %#a p'l)#('6 l,"&' $"l a("r(a!"n#' a la URSS6 C,a %" 'r&an/.%&,"n$' "l !'$"l' %'*#(': par#$' n('6 "l"(('n"% n$r"(#a%6 !p'%l$a$ $"'p'%(.n ' (r)#(a% +,"ra $"l par#$' El Par#$' C'!,n%#a l"% $' a l'% r"'l,('nar'% la'r&an/a(.n $" la 8," (ar"()an "n ,n pr!"r !'!"n#' El ap'7' p'p,lar +," (anal/a$' a#ra*% $ " l'% C'!#*% $" D"+"n%a $" la R"'l,(.n6 (r"a$'% a n"l arral


12/23

D" S"rra Ma"%#ra a L'% An$"%K En !,(4'% pa)%"% $" A!*r(a La#na l'% %"(#'r"%p'l)#('% $"%('n+'r!"% ('n la %#,a(.n "('n.!(a 7 %'(al6 "r'n "n la r"'l,(.n(,ana ,n !'$"l' a %"&,r En al&,n'% (a%'% p'r8," n' "-%#)a ,n %%#"!a "l"(#'ral 8,"l"% &aran#/a%" la p'%l$a$ $" ll"&ar al &'"rn' p'r "%a )a< "n '#r'% p'r 8," %" ,%(.,n (a!n' r;p$' para #"n"r "l p'$"r 7 ('!"n/ar ('n la% r"+'r!a%6 l'% %"(#'r"% ra$(al"%%" plan#"ar'n r"(,rrr a la l,(4a ar!a$a

S" #ra#aa $" %"(#'r"% p'l)#('% na('nal%#a%6 an#!p"ral%#a% 7 $" #"n$"n(a% p'p,l%#a%6al&,n'% $" 'r&"n %'(al%#a6 a,n8," "n &"n"ral l'% par#$'% ('!,n%#a% $" A!*r(aLa#na %" !an#,"r'n al !ar&"n 7 #,"r'n ,na %.n (r)#(a $" l'% !'!"n#'%&,"rrll"r'%

S&,"n$' al p" $" la l"#ra "l an;l%% #".r(' r"al/a$' p'r Ern"%#' C4" G,"ara 7 "l+ran(*% R"&% D"ra76 %" plan#"ar'n (r"ar +'('% r""l$"% "n /'na% $" $+)(l a(("%' parala% +,"r/a% !l#ar"% 2%"la%6 !'n#a5a%> 7 all) +'r!ar ,na /'na l"ra$a $'n$" l'%r""l$"% "%#al"("r)an %, pr'p' &'"rn' E%a% /'na%6 ('n#an$' ('n "l ap'7'(a!p"%n'6 %" r)an "-#"n$"n$' 4a%#a #'!ar #'$' "l pa)% 7 l'&rar la $"rr'#a $"l &'"rn'Para "%' "ra n"("%ar' "n#r"nar%" 7 ar!ar%"

La &,"rrlla #,' ('!' prn(pal"% pr'#a&'n%#a% a ."n"%6 !,(4'% $" "ll'% n#"l"(#,al"%6$" (la%" !"$a6 8," #'!aan ('!' p,n#' $" r"+"r"n(a 4*r'"% 4%#.r('% 2?'l)ar6 Ar#&a%6"#(> 7 a l'% !;% r"("n#"% r"'l,('nar'%: =$"l Ca%#r'6 "l C4" G,"ara6 "l l)$"rr"'l,('nar' (4n' Ma' "$'n&6 "l l)$"r r"'l,('nar' $" @"#na! H' C4 Mn4 S,%pr'p,"%#a% p'l)#(a% "ran %!pl"% 7 a#ra(#a%: r"+'r!a a&rara6 ,%#(a %'(al6an#!p"ral%!'

El &'"rn' (,an'6 ('n 8,"n 4a)an r'#' r"la('n"% (a% #'$'% l'% pa)%"% $" A!*r(aLa#na 2'"$"("n$' la% pr"%'n"% $" EEUU>6 ap'7. a la% &,"rrlla% Pr!"r' +," ,nr"%pal$' !'ral 7 l,"&' "l ap'7' !a#"ral "n#r"nan$' &,"rrll"r'% En La Haana %" (r". laOLAS 2Or&an/a(.n La#n'a!"r(ana $" S'l$ar$a$> ('n la +nal$a$ $" r",nr a #'$'% l'%

!'!"n#'% &,"rrll"r'% 7 an#!p"ral%#a% $"l ('n#n"n#" En 19B la OLAS %" plan#".('!' '"#' #ran%+'r!ar a la ('r$ll"ra $" L'% An$"% "n la S"rra Ma"%#ra $" A!*r(a$"l S,r O ('!' $' G,"ara (r"ar $'%6 #r"%6 !,(4'% @"#na!6 4a("n$' r"+"r"n(a a lal,(4a 8," a8,"l pa)% %'%#"n)a ('n#ra EEUU En ?'la6 P"r6 C'l'!a6 @"n"/,"la 7

Ar&"n#na6 %" (r"ar'n &,"rrlla% r,ral"% En '#r'% pa)%"% ('!' ?ra%l 7 Ur,&,a7 apar"(.'#ra "r%.n $"l +'(': la &,"rrlla ,rana

En ?'la la &,"rrlla ('n#. ('n la par#(pa(.n $"l pr'p' Ern"%#' C4" G,"ara 8,"n('n%$"raa 8," la %#,a(.n &"'&r;+(a 7 %'(al $" a8,"l pa)% l' 4a()an "l !;% ap#' para('!"n/ar ,n !'!"n#' 8," $"%p,*% %" "-#"n$"r)a al r"%#' $" l'% pa)%"% P"r' la +al#a$" ap'7' $" l'% (a!p"%n'% 7 "l p'(' r"%pal$' p'l)#('6 a%lar'n a la &,"rrlla 8," +,"$"rr'#a$a #ra% la !,"r#" $"l C4" G,"ara 2 $" '(#,r" $" 19B>

En P"r la n"%#al$a$ p'l)#(a %" ,n. a !'!"n#'% p'p,lar"% (a!p"%n'% %,r&$'% "nla /'na $" la %"rra E%#,$an#"% 7 ,n"r%#ar'% %" "%#al"("r'n "n la /'na 7 $r&"r'n la&,"rrlla6 '(,pan$' la#+,n$'% P"r' la a((.n $"l "*r(#' 7 l'% "%(,a$r'n"% $" la !,"r#"2'r&an/a('n"% (r"a$a% p'r l'% la#+,n$%#a% para a%"%nar a l'% (a!p"%n'% r""l$"%>p,%"r'n +n a la &,"rrlla

En C'l'!a %" "r'n a5'% $" !,(4a 'l"n(a p'l)#(a p'r la &,"rra "n#r"('n%"ra$'r"% 7 l"ral"%6 4a%#a 8," l'% $'% an$'% ll"&ar'n a ,n a(,"r$' para


13/23

%,("$"r%" n" "l &'"rn'6 a%) 8," la l,(4a ar!a$a n' "ra n'"$a$ para l'% ('l'!an'%La% %#,a('n"% 8," %" )an "n#r" l'% (a!p"%n'% "ran %!lar"% a la $" '#r'% pa)%"% $"La#n'a!*r(a En la a!pla /'na %"l;#(a 8," p'%"" C'l'!a %" +'r!ar'n ar'%&r,p'% &,"rrll"r'%6 %"n$' l'% !;% !p'r#an#"% "l E*r(#' $" L"ra(.n Na('nal6 $r&$'p'r "l %a("r$'#" Ca!l' T'rr"%6 7 la% =,"r/a% Ar!a$a% R"'l,('nara% $" C'l'!a2=ARC> E%#a 4a ll"&a$' a $'!nar ,n par#" ('n%$"ral" $"l #"rr#'r' ('l'!an' 7 "% "n

la a(#,al$a$ "l !'!"n#' &,"rrll"r' !;% an#&,' $" A!*r(a La#na

En Ur,&,a7 la (r%% "('n.!(a &'lp". $,ra!"n#" a l'% %"(#'r"% !;% a'% 7 a la (la%"!"$a La $*(a$a $"l B0 %" n(. ('n ,na (r"("n#" 'la $" r"(la!'% 7 'l"n(a S" p"r$.la ('n"n(a pa()+(a r'!p*n$'%" la n"&'(a(.n 8," 4a)a (ara(#"r/a$' a la p'l)#(a$" "%#" pa)% La prn(pal 'r&an/a(.n ar!a$a +," "l M'!"n#' $" L"ra(.n Na('nal2MLNKT,pa!ar'%>6 n#"&ra$a !a7'r#ara!"n#" p'r !"!r'% $" la (la%" !"$a6"%#,$an#"%6 pr'+"%'nal"% ,n"r%#ar'% Un' $" l'% +,n$a$'r"% $" la &,"rrlla #,pa!ara6Ra,l S"n$(6 n(. %, a((.n "n "l n'r#" $"l pa)%6 "n#r" l'% #raaa$'r"% $" l'% (,l#'% $"(a5a $" a/(ar6 l'% p"l,$'%6 'r&an/an$' ara% !ar(4a% %'r" M'n#"$"' En#r" 19B9

7 19 "l MLN $"%arr'll. ,n "n+r"n#a!"n#' 'l"n#' ('n la p'l()a 7 "l "*r(#' En 19 "lpr"%$"n#" J,an Mar)a ?'r$a"rr7 $"(lar. "l "%#a$' $" &,"rra n#"rn' 7 la '+"n%a $"l"*r(#' #"r!n. ('n "l !'!"n#' &,"rrll"r'

LA POLITICA DE EEUU PARA AMERICA LATINA

L,"&' $" la S"&,n$a G,"rra M,n$al ll"&. la $"(a$"n(a $" E,r'pa En A!*r(a La#naIn&la#"rra p"r$. %, n+l,"n(a 7 +," %,%##,$a p'r EEUU6 8," pa%. a %"r "l pr'""$'r $"pr*%#a!'% 7 "l prn(pal !"r(a$' para la% "-p'r#a('n"% la#n'a!"r(ana%

Para (anal/ar 7 l"!ar la n+l,"n(a n'r#"a!"r(ana "n la r"&.n6 %" (r"ar'n ,na %"r"$" 'r&an%!'%6 8," a#aan a l'% pa%"% la#n'a!"r(an'% a la% $"(%'n"% #'!a$a% "na%4n'n En 19 %" +r!. "l Tra#a$' In#"ra!"r(an' $" A%%#"n(a R"()pr'(a 2TIAR>68," "%#al"()a ,n a(,"r$' $" $"+"n%a !l#ar "n#r" l'% pa)%"% +r!an#"% En 19 %" +r!.la Car#a $" ?'&'#; p'r la (,al %" (r"aa la Or&an/a(.n $" E%#a$'% A!"r(an'% 2OEA>('n "l '"#' $" %'l,('nar l'% ('n+l(#'% r"&'nal"% 7 "%#!,lar la (''p"ra(.n "n#r" l'%pa)%"% a!"r(an'% En a!'% 'r&an%!'% "ra nn"&al" la %,pr"!a()a $" EEUU %'r"l'% '#r'% pa)%"% $" la r"&.n 7 "ran par#" $" la% alan/a% %,r&$a% ('n la G,"rra =r)a

EEUU "%#aa n#"r"%a$' 8," la %#,a(.n p'l)#(a $" l'% pa)%"% a!"r(an'% n' #,"ra!,(4'% (a!'% para "#ar ,na !'$+(a(.n "n la r"la(.n $" +,"r/a% ('n la URSS

A$"!;% 4a)a /'na% $'n$" "-%#)a ,n n#"r*% "%#ra#*&(' $"%$" 4a()a !,(4' #"!p': "l

!ar Car" 7 C"n#r'a!*r(a A!a% /'na% "%#aan ("r(ana% a EEUU 76 "n "l (a%' $"C"n#r'a!*r(a6 all) %" "n('n#raa "l Canal $" Pana!; 8," p"r!#)a la ('!,n(a(.n!ar)#!a $" la% $'% ('%#a% n'r#"a!"r(ana% A$"!;% "%#aa "l n#"r*% "('n.!(':

A!*r(a La#na %,!n%#raa !a#"ra% pr!a% 7 al!"n#'% 7 r"()a pr'$,(#'% "n"r%'n"% $" (ap#al $" EEUU

An#"% $" la S"&,n$a G,"rra M,n$al la% n#"r"n('n"% !l#ar"% n'r#"a!"r(ana% 4a)an%$' +r"(,"n#"% "n la r"&.n $"l Car" 7 A!*r(a C"n#ral< "ran l'% a5'% $" la p'l)#(a $"l&arr'#" n(a$a p'r "l pr"%$"n#" T4"$'r' R''%""l# a ('!"n/'% $"l %&l' XX A par#r $"


14/23

1933 la% n#"r"n('n"% !l#ar"% +,"r'n $"a$a% $" la$' p'r "l pr"%$"n#" =ranQlnR''%""l# 8," n(. la p'l)#(a $" ,"na "(n$a$ EEUU r"(,rr. a la $pl'!a(a 7 la%pr"%'n"% "('n.!(a% para !an#"n"r 7 a,!"n#ar %, n+l,"n(a

P"r' la G,"rra =r)a #ra' n,"a!"n#" la% n#"r"n('n"% !l#ar"%6 a,n8," al&,na% +,"ran$%!,la$a% En 19 "n G,a#"!ala "l pr"%$"n#" "l"(#' p'r la !a7'r)a $" la p'la(.n $"

"%" pa)%6 Ja('' Ar"n/6 n(. ,na r"+'r!a a&rara 8," a+"(#aa l'% n#"r"%"% $" la"!pr"%a n'r#"a!"r(ana Un#"$ =r,# El &'"rn' n'r#"a!"r(an' lan/. ,na '+"n%apara $"%"%#al/ar 7 4a("r (a"r "%" &'"rn'6 ('n ,na r""l.n !l#ar ap'7a$a p'r laaa(.n n'r#"a!"r(ana EEUU ,%#+(. %, a(('nar %"5alan$' 8," "n G,a#"!ala 4a)a,na n+l#ra(.n ('!,n%#a La a(,%a(.n +," ,%a$a l,"&' r"#"ra$a!"n#" para ,%#+(ar'#ra% n#"r"n('n"% 7 a#a(ar a 8,n"% !'l"%#aan l'% n#"r"%"% n'r#"a!"r(an'%

El #r,n+' $" la r"'l,(.n (,ana6 %, "n+r"n#a!"n#' a l'% n#"r"%"% $" EEUU 7 "l +ra(a%'$" ,na na%.n para $"rrar al &'"rn' r"'l,('nar'6 #ra' n'"$a$"% "n la%r"la('n"% n'r#"a!"r(ana% ('n La#n'a!*r(a

La Alan/a Para "l Pr'&r"%'K P'(' $"%p,*% $" a%,!r la pr"%$"n(a $" EEUU6 J'4n

"nn"$7 $' a ('n'("r %,% n#"n('n"% $" a7,$ar La#n'a!*r(a En +"r"r' $" 19B1"n. a $'% $" %,% prn(pal"% a%"%'r"%6 S(4l"%%n&"r 7 Ma( G'"rn6 para 8," r"al/aran,n n+'r!" $" la %#,a(.n "n la r"&.n El n+'r!" n' $"aa $,$a% %'r" l'% pr'l"!a%la#n'a!"r(an'% All) %" $"()a 8," $" l'% 00 !ll'n"% $" 4a#an#"%6 la !#a$ "rananal+a"#'%< ,n F p'%")a "l 0F $" la r8,"/a6 !"n#ra% 8," "l 0F $" la p'la(.n)a "n la p'r"/a En ,na r",n.n ("l"ra$a ('n l'% "!aa$'r"% $" l'% pa)%"% $"

A!*r(a La#na "n a%4n'n6 "nn"$7 r"('n'(. 8," l'% n'r#"a!"r(an'% 7 !,(4'%la#n'a!"r(an'% an n' 4a)an "n#"n$$' la ,r&"n#" n"("%$a$ $" l"rar al p,"l' $" lap'r"/a6 la &n'ran(a 7 la $"%"%p"ra(.n

En a&'%#' $" 19B1 2p'('% !"%"% $"%p,*% $" 4a"r +ra(a%a$' "l n#"n#' $" na%.n aC,a>6 %" r",n. "n P,n#a $"l E%#" "l C'n%"' In#"ra!"r(an' E('n.!(' 7 S'(al 2CIES>6

'r&an%!' $"p"n$"n#" $ "la Or&an/a(.n $" E%#a$' A!"r(an'% All) %" $%(,#. lapr'p,"%#a $" "nn"$7 7 %" apr'. ('n 0 '#'% a +a'r 7 la a%#"n(.n $" C,a 28," an"ra !"!r' $" la OEA>

El $'(,!"n#' "%#al"()a la (r"a(.n $" ,na Alan/a Para "l Pr'&r"%' 2ALPRO> $'n$" l'%pa)%"% %" ('!pr'!"#)an a: +'r#al"("r "l %%#"!a $"!'(r;#('6 "l"ar "l n"l $" $a $" lap'la(.n6 a!plar "l n!"r' $" "n$a%6 a%"&,rar ,na ,%#a r"!,n"ra(.n para l'%#raaa$'r"%6 a(aar ('n "l anal+a"#%!'6 !p,l%ar r"+'r!a% a&rara%6 "%#!,lar la"!pr"%a pra$a6 a("l"rar la n#"&ra(.n ('!"r(al 7 $"%arr'llar pr'&ra!a% $" %al,$ parapr""nr "n+"r!"$a$"% El #"-#' $" la Alan/a a a('!pa5a$' p'r '#r' $'(,!"n#'('n'($' ('!' Car#a $" P,n#a $"l E%#" $'n$" %" "%#al"()a ,n pla/' $" $"/ a5'% parall"ar a$"lan#" la% r"+'r!a% D,ran#" "%'% a5'% %" n"r#r)an 100 !l !ll'n"% $" $.lar"%:

0 !l !ll'n"% l'% p'n$r)a A La#na6 10 !l !ll'n"% pr'"n)an $" EEUU 7 l'% '#r'% 10 !l!ll'n"% $" '#ra% +,"n#"%

El $"l"&a$' (,an' a la r",n.n6 Ern"%#' C4" G,"ara6 +,n$a!"n#. %, a%#"n(.n%"5alan$' 8," % "n ('!par#)a la $"(lara(.n6 (r")a 8," la Alan/a +ra(a%ar)a In$(. 8,"l'% pr*%#a!'% $" EEUU %.l' +'!"n#ar)an a la% "!pr"%a% pra$a%6 7 "n "%p"(al a la%n'r#"a!"r(ana% "%#al"($a% "n La#n'a!*r(a< ('!' "%#a% "!pr"%a% "naan %,%&anan(a% 4a(a EEUU6 "l $n"r' 'l"r)a 4a(a all; 7 n' 8,"$ar)a "n l'% pa)%"% p'r"%

A&r"&. 8," l'% pr"('% $" la% !a#"ra% pr!a% "-p'r#a$a% p'r A La#na %"&,r)an


15/23

aan$'6 la alan/a ('!"r(al %"r)a $"%+a'ral" 7 a,!"n#ar)a "l $"%"!pl"' El$"%"!pl"' K%"5alaa G,"araK %&n+(a ,na aa $" l'% %alar'%< "!p"/a la n+la(.n 76"n#'n("%6 "n (a% #'$'% l'% pa)%"% $" A!*r(a La#na "n#rar; a ,&ar ,n pap"lpr"p'n$"ran#" "l ='n$' M'n"#ar' In#"rna('nal

O(4' a5'% $"%p,*% $" 8," la ALPRO %" n(ara6 ,n n+'r!" $" la CEPAL 2C'!%.n

E('n.!(a para A!*r(a La#na6 'r&an%!' $" Na('n"% Un$a%> %"5al. 8," l'% $.lar"%8," n&r"%aan a La#n'a!*r(a p'r l'% plan"% $" a7,$a ran !"n'% 8," l'% 8," %al)anr,!' a EEUU ('!' &anan(a% $" la% n"r%'n"% r"al/a$a% p'r "!pr"%an'r#"a!"r(ana% En arl $" 190 "l %"na$'r n'r#"a!"r(an' E$ar$ "nn"$76 4"r!an'$"l !p,l%'r $" la Alan/a6 r"('n'(. 8," La ALPRO "% ,n +a%(' M;% $"l 30F $" l'%4a#an#"% $" A La#na !,"r"n an#"% $" l'% 0 a5'% La !%"ra6 la al!"n#a(.nn%,+("n#" 7 la% "n+"r!"$a$"% ('n%,!"n la% +,"r/a% 7 la% "n"r&)a% El r#!' $"(r"(!"n#' "('n.!(' al(an/. "n "l $"("n' an#"r'r ,n pr'!"$' $" 16F an,al E%!"n'r al 8," "-%#)a an#"% $" la ALPRO La #"rra p"r!an"(" "n !an'% $" ,na )n+!a!n'r)a

LAS DICTADURAS MILITARES

La% $(#a$,ra% n' "ran ,na n'"$a$ para A La#na p'r8," %" "n)an $an$' $"%$" lan$"p"n$"n(a "n "l %&l' XIX =," al&' ('!n "l %,r&!"n#' $" 4'!r"% +,"r#"%6(a,$ll'% ' "+"% !l#ar"% 8," %" !p'n)an p'r la +,"r/a6 %, (ar%!a 7 %, p'$"r"('n.!(' N' %.l' %" #ra#aa $" $(#a$,ra% p"r%'nal"% %n' $" &'"rn'% $" +,"r/a!p,"%#'% p'r l'% %"(#'r"% p'$"r'%'% para !an#"n"r %, p'$"r (,an$' %" %"n#)ana!"na/a$'%

En l'% a5'% B0 7 "n par#(,lar "n l'% 0 A La#na . ,na 'la $" $(#a$,ra% ('n(ara(#"r)%#(a% "%p"(al"%6 a%a$a% "n la D'(#rna $" la S"&,r$a$ Na('nal6 8,"n#"rpr"#aa la %#,a(.n !,n$al ('!' ,na l,(4a "n#r" "l M,n$' O(($"n#al 2(ap#al%#a6(r%#an'6lr"> 7 "l M,n$' Or"n#al 2('!,n%#a6 !ar-%#a6 #'#al#ar'> E%a% $(#a$,ra%(r"ar'n la D'(#rna $" la S"&,r$a$ Na('nal para ,%#+(ar la #'!a 'l"n#a $"l p'$"r 7 "l,%' $" la r"pr"%.n 2(;r("l6 #'r#,ra6 $"%apar('n"%6 ("n%,ra> ('n#ra 8,"n"% ('n%$"raan%,"r%'%

C,;l"% +,"r'n l'% +a(#'r"% $" "%#a% $(#a$,ra% H,' +a(#'r"% pr'p'% $" (a$a pa)%6p"r' 4a7 +a(#'r"% &"n"ral"% 8," %" p,"$"n ,%ar para "-pl(ar "l 'r&"n $" (a% #'$a%"lla% H,' ,na ('!na(.n $" (r%% "('n.!(a6 %'(al 7 p'l)#(a 7 +a(#'r"% "-#"rn'%

L'% %"(#'r"% p'p,lar"% p"r,$(a$'% p'r "l "%#an(a!"n#' "('n.!(' 8," %" "n)a $an$'$"%$" l'% a5'% 06 ('!"n/ar'n a 'r&an/ar%" para 8," %,% r"(la!'% +,"ran a#"n$$'%:l'% %n$(a#'% %" ,n"r'n6 %" "n+r"n#ar'n ('n la% "!pr"%a% 7 "%#a% ,%ar'n la r"pr"%.np'l(al La% (la%"% !"$a% #a!*n !an+"%#ar'n %, $"%('n#"n#' p'r la (r%% 8," aaa%, n"l $" $a Al&,n'% %"(#'r"% $" (la%" !"$a %" ,n"r'n a la% (la%"% p'p,lar"% "n%,% r"(la!'% 7 +'r!ar'n +r"n#"% p'p,lar"% ('!' ,na al#"rna#a a l'% par#$'% p'l)#('%"-%#"n#"% O#r'%6 n(r*$,l'% ('n "l %%#"!a "l"(#'ral6 ,%(ar'n la al#"rna#a $" ,na%al$a a la +,"r/a "n $'% $r"(('n"%: la r"'l,(.n ar!a$a 2la &,"rrlla +'8,%#a> ' l'%&'"rn'% a,#'r#ar'%


16/23

L'% &r,p'% "('n.!(a!"n#" $'!nan#"% "%#,"r'n $$$'%6 n' %a)an ('!' "n+r"n#arla (r%% 7 %,% ('n%"(,"n(a% %'(al"% P"r$"r'n la (apa($a$ $" !p'n"r %, l$"ra/&' 7(r"ar ,n !'$"l' $" pa)% 8," +,"ra a("p#a$' p'r l'% $"!;% %"(#'r"% $" la %'("$a$T"!)an a la% !'l/a('n"% $" l'% 'r"r'% 7 a la ra$(al/a(.n $" la% (la%"% !"$a%6 p'rl' #an#' ,%(ar'n !p'n"r "l 'r$"n p'r (,al8,"r !"$'

La% "!pr"%a% !,l#na('nal"% 8," n"r#)an "n A!*r(a La#na #a!*n 8,"r)an "l 'r$"n 7la "%#al$a$ %'(al6 p'r l' #an#' ap'7ar'n &'"rn'% a,#'r#ar'% Ha7 a,#'r"% 8," !ar(an"l n#"r*% $" la an(a para n"r#r "l $n"r' %'ran#" "n l'% pa)%"% $"%arr'lla$'% 2p'r l'%$"p.%#'% $" l'% ;ra"% l,"&' $" la %,a $"l p"#r.l"'> "n l'% pa)%"% la#n'a!"r(an'%E%a% n"r%'n"% n"("%#aan ,na %'("$a$ #ran8,la6 %n p'%l$a$ $" (a!'% $"&'"rn'% r,%('% 7 8," a%"&,rara "l r"#r' la% &anan(a%

La r"'l,(.n (,ana 7 "l ap'7' $" C,a a la% &,"rrlla% #a!*n n($. =," (a,%a 7"-(,%a para 8," l'% !l#ar"% a,!"n#aran %, p'$"r A$"!;% EEUU n' p'$)a p"r!#r 8,""l ""!pl' (,an' %" $+,n$"ra p'r A La#na6 p'r8," "%' %&n+(ar)a p"r$"r "l ('n#r'l $"la r"&.n P'r l' #an#' ap'7. a l'% &'"rn'% $" +,"r/a 8," $"%#r,7"ran a la% &,"rrlla% 7

8," a(aaran ('n la% !'l/a('n"% p'p,lar"% 8," p'$)an $"%"!'(ar "n %#,a('n"%r"'l,('nara% EEUU %" n(,l. ('n l'% "*r(#'% la#n'a!"r(an'% a #ra*% $" l'% (,r%'%para '+(al"% 8," %" $aan "n "%(,"la% !l#ar"% n'r#"a!"r(ana%6 "%p"(al!"n#" la,(a$a "n "l Canal $" Pana!;

Cara(#"r)%#(a% $" l'% &'"rn'% !l#ar"%K S "n l'% $+"r"n#"% r"&)!"n"% #,"r'n %,pr'pa $"n#$a$6 pr"%"n#ar'n (ara(#"r)%#(a% ('!,n"%:

K ='r!a l"&al $" a(("$"r al p'$"r 2&'lp" $" "%#a$'>

K El!na(.n $" l'% parla!"n#'%6 %,%p"n%.n $" l'% $"r"(4'% n$$,al"%6 pr'4(.n $"l'% par#$'% p'l)#('%6 p"r%"(,(.n $" l'% 'p'%#'r"% al r*&!"n =,"r'n &ra"% l'% (a%'%

$" #'r#,ra6 a%"%na#' 7 $"%apar(.n $" p"r%'na% r"al/a$a% p'r "%#'% &'"rn'%

K C'n("n#ra(.n $"l p'$"r "n !an'% $"l P'$"r E"(,#' E%#"6 "n la !a7'r)a $" l'% (a%'%+," '(,pa$' p'r "+"% !l#ar"%6 p"r' "n al&n (a%' %" $"%&naan (l"%6 a,n8," "l!an$' r"al %"!pr" "%#aa "n !an'% $" la% ,n#a% !l#ar"%

K D'!n' !l#ar $" l'% 'r&an%!'% "%#a#al"%6 $"%&nan$' n#"r"n#'r"% !l#ar"% para4a("r%" (ar&' $" "ll'%

K P'l)#(a "('n.!(a n"'l"ral6 a,n8," %, apl(a(.n !'%#r. aran#"% $" ,na pa)% a '#r'

El 4%#'ra$'r +ran(*% Alan R',8,* $%#n&," (,a#r' #p'% $%#n#'% $" $(#a$,ra% "n A

La#na:

a> El !'$"l' pa#r!'nal $" la% $(#a$,ra% +a!lar"%6 8," ,%(an la +'r!a(.n $" ,na$na%#)a &'"rnan#" 8," ,%a "l p'$"r para "nr8,"("r%" E% "l #p' $" $(#a$,ra (l;%(a $"

A!*r(a La#na6 la 8," %" "n)a $an$' $"%$" "l %&l' XIX P'r ""!pl' la +a!la S'!'/a"n N(ara&,a ' D,al"r "n Ha#)

> La% $(#a$,ra% 8," %" pr"%"n#an ('!' r"'l,('n"% $"%$" arra ('n ,n pr'&ra!ar"+'r!%#a $" #p' p'p,l%#a El ""!pl' "% la $(#a$,ra $" @"la/(' Alara$' "n P"r6 %#a


17/23

('n %!pa#)a p'r al&,n'% %"(#'r"% $" /8,"r$a p'r %, p'l)#(a na('nal%#a 7an#!p"ral%#a

(> L'% r"&)!"n"% ,r'(r;#('% $"%arr'll%#a%6 8," n#"n#ar'n !p'n"r p'r la +,"r/a ,n!'$"l' $" $"%arr'll' a%'(;n$'%" al (ap#al "-#ran"r' 7 "l!nar'n (,al8,"r #p' $"'p'%(.n $"n#r' $" %, pa)% P'r ""!pl' "l ?ra%l a par#r $" 19B

$> la% $(#a$,ra% #"rr'r%#a% 7 n"'l"ral"%6 8," %'n la% $(#a$,ra% 8," %" $"r'n "n l'%a5'% 06 p'r ""!pl' "n C4l"6 Ar&"n#na 7 Ur,&,a7 S'n "%#a% $(#a$,ra% la% 8,"pr"%"n#an !;% (lara!"n#" la% (ara(#"r)%#(a% %"5ala$a% an#"r'r!"n#"

AMRICA LATINA A =INES DEL SIGLO XX

LA RECUPERACION INSTITUCIONAL

La% $(#a$,ra% la#n'a!"r(ana% ('!"n/ar'n a $ar %&n'% $" a&'#a!"n#' $"%$" +n"% $"la $*(a$a $"l 0 En 199 "l &'"rn' !l#ar "(,a#'ran' p"!#. la% "l"(('n"% El !%!'a5' "n N(ara&,a la r"'l,(.n "n(a"/a$a p'r "l %an$n%!' $"rr'(. al $(#a$'r

Ana%#a%' S'!'/a En P"r "n 1906 "n H'n$,ra% "n 191 7 "n ?'la "n 196 l'%!l#ar"% ("$"r'n "l &'"rn' a (l"% "l"&$'% "n "l"(('n"% La $(#a$,ra ar&"n#na %"$"%!'r'n. a par#r $"l +ra(a%' $" la G,"rra $" la% Malna% Ur,&,a7 7 ?ra%l #,"r'n"l"(('n"% "n 19 7 C4l" "n 199 Ta!*n "%" a5' (a7. la $(#a$,ra $" S#r'%%n"r "n

Para&,a7

D" "%#a !an"ra 7 "n "l lap%' $" ,na $*(a$a6 la% na('n"% $" A!*r(a la#na r"#'rnar'n a%,% n%##,('n"% p'l)#(a% "%#al"($a% "n la% ('n%##,('n"% La r"#ra$a $" l'% &'"rn'%!l#ar"% +," +r,#' $" +a(#'r"% !,n$al"%6 r"&'nal"% 7 l'(al"%

El pr!"r' +," "l a,!"n#' $" la $",$a "-#"rna 8," a("n#,. l'% pr'l"!a% "('n.!('%S"(#'r"% $" la p'la(.n6 8," an#"r'r!"n#" 4a)an ap'7a$'6 ' %#' ('n n$+"r"n(a6 l'%&'lp"% $" "%#a$'6 a4'ra l" n"&aan l"!$a$ a "%'% &'"rn'%

O#r' +a(#'r +," la p'l)#(a para la r"&.n ll"a$a a$"lan#" p'r "l &'"rn' $" EEUU Elpr"%$"n#" J!!7 Car#"r 219BK190> $' !;% !p'r#an(a a ,n (a!' $"!'(r;#(' "nA!*r(a La#na6 +,n$a!"n#al!"n#" "n l' ('n("rn"n#" a l'% $"r"(4'% 4,!an'% L'%&'"rn'% p'%#"r'r"%6 "l $" R'nal$ R"a&an 2191K199> 7 G"'r&" ?,%4 2199K1993> 6 %"n n' ('!par#)an la p'%#,ra $" Car#"r a +a'r $" l'% $"r"(4'% 4,!an'%6 !an#,"r'n "lap'7' a la $"%!l#ar/a(.n

A$"!;% $" "%#'% $'% +a(#'r"%6 +,"r'n $"(%a% la% (r(,n%#an(a% par#(,lar"% $" (a$apa)% En al&,n'% (a%'%6 ('!' "n Ar&"n#na 7 ?'la la #ran%(.n 4a(a l'% &'"rn'%


18/23

(l"% +," $"%"n(a$"na$a p'r "l +ra(a%' 7 la $%.n $" l'% !l#ar"% En '#r'% (a%'%6('!' ?ra%l6 Ur,&,a7 7 C4l"6 l'% &'"rn'% !l#ar"% ('n%&,"r'n !p'n"r ,na #ran%(.nn"&'(a$a Un' $" l'% p,n#'% (r)#('% $" la n"&'(a(.n +," la l!#a(.n $" la%n"%#&a('n"% %'r" la% 'la('n"% $" l'% $"r"(4'% 4,!an'% ('!"#$a% p'r l'%&'"rn'% !l#ar"% La a!n%#)a $" l'% !l#ar"% 4a %$' ,n' $" l'% pr'l"!a% 8," 4an#"n$' 8," "n+r"n#ar 7 r"%'l"r l'% n,"'% &'"rn'%

LA DEUDA EXTERNA

La% (a,%a%K En la $*(a$a $"l 0 l'% pa)%"% la#n'a!"r(an'% #"n)an ,na "n'r!"n"("%$a$ $" $n"r' para %'%#"n"r %, "('n'!)a E%" $n"r' l' '#,"r'n $" l'% &ran$"%an('% n#"rna('nal"% E%#'% an('% +a(l#ar'n l'% (r*$#'% ('n "l +n $" '#"n"r&anan(a% $" la% &ran$"% %,!a% $" $n"r' $"p'%#a$a% "n "ll'% p'r l'% pa)%"% ;ra"%"nr8,"($'% p'r la %,a $"l pr"(' $"l p"#r.l"' A l'% an('% l"% %"r)a n(l,%' pr"%#ar$n"r' ('n n#"r*% a' 7 pla/'% lar&'%6 an#"% $" 8," l'% (ap#al"% 8,"$aran n!'l/a$'%%n $ar nn&,na &anan(a

L'% pa)%"% 8," r"("r'n "%'% pr*%#a!'%6 !,(4'% $" l'% (,al"% "ran &'"rna$'% p'r$(#a$,ra%6 n' %" "n('n#raan "n ('n$('n"% $" $"'l"r "l $n"r' pr"%#a$'6 p,"%#' 8,"la !a7'r par#" $" "%" $n"r' n' %" $"$(. a a(#$a$"% pr'$,(#a% (apa("% $" &"n"rarla% &anan(a% n"("%ara% para pa&ar la $",$a

Para pa&ar la% $",$a% ('n#ra)$a% %" r"(,rr. a n,"'% pr*%#a!'% ' r"+nan(an$' "n('n$('n"% !"n'% +a'ral"% D" "%#a !an"ra la $",$a +," a,!"n#an$' (a$a "/ !;% 7%" 4/' $+)(l pa&ar l'% n#"r"%"% La %#,a(.n %" a&ra. p'r:

K La (a)$a $" l'% pr"('% $" l'% pr'$,(#'% "-p'r#a$'% p'r l'% pa)%"% $" A La#na P'r l'#an#' +," n"("%ar' a,!"n#ar la (an#$a$ $" l'% pr'$,(#'% "-p'r#a$'% para p'$"r r"(r+'n$'% +r"%('%

K La +,&a $" (ap#al"% 8," "n#r" 190 7 19 +," $" 100 !l !ll'n"% $" $.lar"%6 ' %"a,na (,ar#a par#" $" la $",$a

K El a,!"n#' $" la #a%a $" n#"r*% "n l'% pa)%"% $"%arr'lla$'%6 l' 8," pr''(aa,#'!;#(a!"n#" ,n a,!"n#' "n la $",$a

La% ('n%"(,"n(a%K En l'% a5'% 0 %" 4("r'n %"n#r l'% "+"(#'% $" la $",$a En $"/a5'% "l $n"r' a$",$a$' %" 4a)a !,l#pl(a$' p'r $"/6 pa%an$' $" 0 !l !ll'n"% $"

$.lar"% "n 1906 a 00 !l !ll'n"% $" $.lar"% "n 190 Para p'$"r pa&ar l'% &'"rn'%apl(ar'n p'l)#(a% $" a,%#"6 pr''(an$' la (a)$a $" l'% %alar'% 7 $"%'(,pa(.n L'%"%#a$'% r"$,"r'n %,% &a%#'% "n a(#$a$"% $" ap'7' a l'% %"(#'r"% !;% (ar"n(a$'% 7$"ar'n $" 4a("r 'ra% $" n+ra"%#r,(#,ra

En la ('n+"r"n(a $" L a Haana $" 19 !,(4'% pr"%$"n#"% la#n'a!"r(an'%$"(larar'n la n"("%$a$ $" ,n (a!' "n "l 'r$"n "('n.!(' n#"rna('nal6 a,n8,"nn&,n' a('!pa5. "l plan#"' $"l $r&"n#" (,an' =$"l Ca%#r' $" 8," la $",$a "ra!pa&al" P'%#"r'r!"n#" "l &'"rn' $" P"r pr'p,%' 8," %.l' %" pa&ara p'r a5' "l


19/23

10F $" l' 8," n&r"%aa p'r la% "-p'r#a('n"%6 @"n"/,"la %'l(#. ,n pla/' $" 30 a5'%para pa&ar la $",$a 7 M*-(' %" $"(lar. "n 8,"ra

El ='n$' M'n"#ar' In#"rna('nal r"%p'n$. "n*r&(a!"n#"6 (,lpan$' a l'% $",$'r"% $"$lap$ar "l $n"r' p'r %,% p'l)#(a% "('n.!(a% 7 a!"na/an$' ('n ('r#ar #'$'% l'%pr*%#a!'% a a8,"ll'% 8," n' pa&aran ('n p,n#,al$a$ L'% an('% 7 "l =MI !p,%"r'n

"%#r(#a% ('n$('n"% para '#'r&ar n,"'% pr*%#a!'%6 'l&an$' a l'% &'"rn'% a"!pr"n$" pr'+,n$a% r"+'r!a% "('n.!(a% E%#a% r"+'r!a% %" a%an "n "l l"ral%!'"('n.!(' 2n"'l"ral%!'> !p,l%a$' p'r l'% "('n'!%#a% $" la Un"r%$a$ $" C4(a&'('n Ml#'n =r"$!an a la (a"/a La% !"$$a% r"('!"n$a$a% a l'% &'"rn'% %'n:

K R"$,(r "l pap"l $"l "%#a$' "n la "('n'!)a pra#/an$' "!pr"%a% "%#a#al"% 7$"%r"&,lan$' la "('n'!)a 2$"an$' la n(a#a a la% "!pr"%a% pra$a%6 n' +an$' "lal'r $" la !'n"$a6 "#(>

K Arr la% "('n'!)a% al !"r(a$' 7 a la% n"r%'n"% "-#ran"ra%

K R"$,(r la "!%.n $" !'n"$a para l!#ar la (an#$a$ $" (r(,lan#" 7 $" "%a !an"ra6 al

r"$,(r "l ('n%,!'6 !an#"n"r l'% pr"('% 7 "#ar la n+la(.n 2p'l)#(a $"+la('n%#a>

EL PRO?LEMA DE LA TIERRA

En "l (a!p' %" 4a !an#"n$' "l la#+,n$' ('!' "n la *p'(a ('l'nal 7 ap"na% %"apr"(an al&,n'% (a!'% Tra$('nal!"n#" "l la#+,n$' a a('!pa5a$' p'r "l!n+,n$': l'% (a!p"%n'% p'r"% #"n)an %, p"8,"5a par("la $" #"rra 8," #raaaanpara al!"n#ar%"6 p"r' ('!' "%#' n' al(an/aa6 #raaaan ('!' p"'n"% "n l'% &ran$"%4a("n$a% a (a!' $" ,n %alar' L'% %alar'% "ran "-#r"!a$a!"n#" a'%6 n' "-%#)al"&%la(.n la'ral 8," l'% pr'#"&"ra 7 la% ('n$('n"% $" #raa' "ran %!lar"% a la $" la

"%(la#,$ En !,(4a% $ "%#a% &ran$"% 4a("n$a% "-%#)an ('!"r('%6 pr'p"$a$ $"lpr'p"#ar' $" la #"rra6 $'n$" l'% (a!p"%n'% ('!praan 7 %" "n$",$aan p'r l'% al#'%pr"('% Al ('rar %, %alar' "l p".n %" "n('n#raa "n$",$a$' 7 #"n)a 8," %"&,r#raaan$' para pa&ar la $",$a

El pr'("%' $" n$,%#ral/a(.n n(a$' "n l'% a5'% 30 7 0 n#r'$,' al&,n'% (a!'% a"%#a %#,a(.n La n$,%#ra r"8,"r)a ,na !a7'r pr'$,((.n a&rara 8," a%"&,rara !a#"rapr!a ara#a6 p'r l' #an#' %" r"8,"r)a ,na !'$"rn/a(.n A$"!;% la %#,a(.n $" !%"ra$" l'% (a!p"%n'% %" !,l#pl(aa ('n "l a,!"n#' $ "la p'la(.n r,ral6 7 "%#' ll"aa ar""l'n"% 7 'l"n(a 8," p'$)a p"r,$(ar a la pr'$,((.n

P'r "%#a% ra/'n"%6 para a,!"n#ar la pr'$,((.n6 %" n"("%#aa ,na #ran%+'r!a(.n "n "l%%#"!a $" "-pl'#a(.n $" la #"rra6 ,%an$' !*#'$'% !;% (ap#al%#a% L'% la#+,n$'% n'$"%apar"("r'n6 p"r' %" !"(an/ar'n< la #"(n'l'&)a $"%pla/. a la !an' $" 'ra n'(apa(#a$a 7 a,!"n#. la !&ra(.n $" (a!p"%n'% 4a(a la (,$a$ L'% (a!p"%n'% 8,"8,"$aan "ran a%alara$'% 7 n' #"n)an #"rra% pr'pa%

En al&,n'% pa)%"% %" apl(ar'n ' %" n#"n#ar'n apl(ar r"+'r!a% a&rara% En !,(4'%(a%'% la "n#r"&a $" #"rra% a l'% (a!p"%n'% +," %.l' ,na pr'!"%a< (,an$' %"


20/23

"n#r"&aan "ran la% #"rra% !"n'% pr'$,(#a%6 "n /'na% $"%*r#(a%6 7 a$"!;% n' %" l"%"n#r"&aan l'% r"(,r%'% ;%('% para 4a("rla% pr'$,(r 2!a8,nara6 %"!lla%6 ap'7'#*(n('6 "#(>

En !,(4'% pa)%"% la#n'a!"r(an'% l'% (a!p"%n'% %" 4an 'r&an/a$' 7 %&,"nr"(la!an$' %, $"r"(4' a la #"rra En la /'na an$na6 l'% (a!p"%n'%6 8," %'n n$)&"na%6

%" 4an 'r&an/a$' "n ('!,n$a$"% $" a(,"r$' a %,% ('%#,!r"% 7 r"(la!an %, $"r"(4'a la #"rra $" %,% an#"pa%a$'% para #raaarla% ('l"(#a!"n#" En M*-('6 la #"rra "% ,n'$" l'% r"(la!'% $" l'% /apa#%#a% 8," %" r""lar'n "n la r"&.n $" C4apa%

En ?ra%l %" 4a 'r&an/a$' "l M'!"n#' $" l'% Sn T"rra6 8," "n ara% '(a%'n"% 4a'(,pa$' la#+,n$'% !pr'$,(#'% para #raaarl'% La %#,a(.n $" ?ra%l "% $" la% !;%&ra"% El 0F $" la #"rra "%#; '(,pa$' p'r %.l' "l 10F $" l'% pr'p"#ar'%< $" "%#"p'r("n#a"6 ("r(a $"l F $" la #"rra %" !an#"n" !pr'$,(#a Al !%!' #"!p' ,n'% 30!ll'n"% $" (a!p"%n'% %" "n(,"n#ran "n %#,a(.n $" "-#r"!a p'r"/a

SITUACIN DE LOS INDGENAS

La %#,a(.n $"l n$)&"na n' "% la !%!a "n #'$' "l ('n#n"n#" En la% r"&'n"% $'n$"4a)an al(an/a$' ,n &ra$' $" "'l,(.n !p'r#an#" 7 4a)an +'r!a$' %'("$a$"%n,!"r'%a% an#"% $" la ('l'n/a(.n6 l'% n$)&"na% %&,"n %"n$' la !a7'r)a $" lap'la(.n ' ,"na par#" $" "lla ,n#' a l'% !"%#/'% 2M*-('6 (a% #'$a C"n#r'a!*r(a6C'l'!a6 E(,a$'r6 P"r6 ?'la6 Para&,a7> C'n la n$"p"n$"n(a6 la %#,a(.n $" l'%n$)&"na% $" "%#a /'na n' #,' (a!'% !p'r#an#"% La !a7'r)a n$)&"na 4a %$' 7('n#n,a %"n$' (a!p"%n'% %n #"rra , '(,pan#" $" la% p"'r"% #"rra%

En la% r"&'n"% $'n$" "l n$)&"na #"n)a ,n !"n'r &ra$' $" "'l,(.n6 n' "ra ('n%$"ra$'ap#' para #raaar 7 'p,%' !a7'r r"%%#"n(a6 +,"r'n $"%pla/a$'% 4a(a la% /'na% !;%

al"a$a% 2?ra%l> ' %!pl"!"n#" +,"r'n "-#"r!na$'% ' r"$,($'% a %, !)n!a "-pr"%.n2Ur,&,a76 Ar&"n#na> E%#a% /'na%6 a$"!;%6 r"("r'n "n "l ('rr"r $"l %&l' XIX6!p'r#an#" (an#$a$ $" n!&ran#"%6 p'r l' 8," la pr"%"n(a n$)&"na "ra ('n%$"ra$an"&a#a " nn"("%ara S" %"5al. ('!' ,na "n#aa6 +r"n#" a '#r'% pa)%"%la#n'a!"r(an'%6 "l n' p'%""r "l pr'l"!a $"l n$'

C'n%$"rar a l'% n$)&"na% ('!' ,n pr'l"!a "% par#" $" la $%(r!na(.n ra(al 8," an"-%#" "n La#n'a!*r(a A p"%ar $" 8," "l !"%#/a" "% ,na $" la% (ara(#"r)%#(a% 8,"$"n#+(aan a la r"&.n6 "l ('l'r $" la p"l %&," $"#"r!nan$' "l l,&ar 8," %" #"n" "n la%'("$a$ C,an#' !;% ra%&'% $" lan(' %" #"n"n6 !a7'r"% p'%l$a$"% $" a%("n%'%'(al "-%#"n

A par#r $" l'% a5'% 06 "n pa)%"% ('!' M*-('6 G,a#"!ala6 E(,a$'r6 P"r 7 ?'la6 l'%p'p,l%#a% #'!ar'n "n (,"n#a6 al !"n'% "n "l $%(,r%'6 la %#,a(.n n$a 7 r"(la!ar'n %,n#"&ra(.n a la %'("$a$ L'% p'p,l%#a% r"(la!aan "l $"r"(4' $" l'% n$)&"na% a la#"rra6 n' %.l' p'r8," 4%#.r(a!"n#" l"% p"r#"n"()a 6 %n' p'r8," %, $"p"n$"n(a $" l'%la#+,n$%#a% l'% !an#"n)a p'r"%6 &n'ran#"%6 n' n#"&ra$'% a la %'("$a$ $" ('n%,!'E%#a p'%#,ra a +a'r $"l n$)&"na #,' "(' a n"l $" l'% n#"l"(#,al"% $an$' 'r&"n a aln$&"n%!'


21/23

En 190 "n Pa/(,ar'6 M*-('6 %" r"al/. "l pr!"r C'n&r"%' In$&"n%#a ('n $"l"&a$'%$" #'$' "l ('n#n"n#" Par#(par'n p'l)#('%6 ("n#)+('%6 p"r' nn&,na ('!,n$a$ n$a"%#,' r"pr"%"n#a$a

A par#r $" l'% a5'% 0 %" 4an r"al/a$' ('n+"r"n(a% $" 'r&an/a('n"% r"pr"%"n#a#a%$" l'% n$)&"na%6 "% $"(r $'n$" l'% n$)&"na% 4an par#(pa$' $r"(#a!"n#" En "lla% %"

4an "n$' plan#"an$' l'% r"(la!'% $" l'% n$)&"na%6 4"(4'% p'r l'% pr'p'% n$)&"na%:

K El r"%p"#' a la% #ra$('n"% (,l#,ral"%< n' a%#a 8," "l n$)&"na %'r"a +%(a!"n#"6%n' 8," p,"$a r ('!' n$)&"na6 ('n %,% ('%#,!r"%6 %, $'!a6 %, r"l&.n Al('n("p#' $" &"n'($'6 l'% n$)&"na% 4an n('rp'ra$' "l $" "#n'($'6 "% $"(r6 la$"%#r,((.n $" ,na (,l#,ra

K La r"la(.n "n#r" "l n$)&"na 7 la #"rra n' $"" 4a("r%" !"$an#" plan"% "la'ra$'%$"%$" arra6 p'r "l &'"rn' ' p'r l'% #*(n('%6 %n' 8," $"" 4a("r%" ('n l'% (r#"r'%8," l'% pr'p'% n$)&"na% %,!n%#ran L'% n$)&"na% $""n plan+(ar 7 $"($r ('!'$%#r,r la #"rra 7 ('!' #raaarla

K S" $" " r"('n'("r la a,#'n'!)a $" la% (,l#,ra% n$)&"na% L'% n$)&"na% n' %"('n%$"ran p"r,an'%6 'lan'%6 &,a#"!al#"('%6 "#(6 %n' 8,"(4,a%6 a!ar;%6 8,#(4*%6"#( S,% +r'n#"ra% ('!' p,"l'%6 n' ('n($"n ('n la% +r'n#"ra% &"'&r;+(a% $" l'%pa)%"%

La %#,a(.n $" l'% n$)&"na% !"n'% "'l,('na$'%6 l'% 8," 4,7"r'n 4a(a l'% l,&ar"%!;% apar#a$'% $" la% %"la% 7 la% !'n#a5a%6 4a "!p"'ra$' "n la% l#!a% $*(a$a% P'r""!pl' "n ?ra%l6 "n l'% a5'% 06 ('!"n/. la #ala 7 8,"!a $" "-#"n%a% /'na% $" la

A!a/'na El '"#' "ra ('n"r#r "%a /'na "n #"rra $" (,l#' 7 &ana$"r)a p'r l' #an#'%" "(4. a l'% n$'% 8," 4a)an %'r"$' %"!'(,l#'% "n la %"la L'% n$'% 8,"

!'l"%#an %'n a%"%na$'%

La pr"%"n(a $" 'r' "n la %"la 4a a&raa$' la %#,a(.n n$)&"na La% ('n$('n"% $"p'r"/a 7 !%"ra 8," %" "n "n ?ra%l 4a "!p,a$' a !,(4'% p'r"% a $"$(ar%" a la%8,"$a ar#"%anal $"l 'r': l'% &ar!p"r'% E%#'% %" 4an $r&$' 4a(a la %"la para,%(ar p"p#a% $" 'r' 8," l,"&' "n$"n a la% "!pr"%a% $"$(a$a% a ('!"r(al/ar!"#al"% pr"('%'% La %8,"$a $" 'r' l'% 4a ll"a$' a na$r la #"rra $" l'% n$)&"na%6 p'r l' #an#' 4a7 n5'%8," na("n !al n,#r$'% L'% 8," n' !,"r"n $" 4a!r" "n %, pr!"ra n+an(a 2%" (al(,la8," !,"r" ,n n5' p'r !n,#'>6 #"n$r;n "n+"r!"$a$"%6 $"+"(#'% +)%('%6 $"+("n(a%!"n#al"%6 ("&,"ra 7 !"n'% p'%l$a$"% $" $a

En l'% a5'% 0 ,n n5' la#n'a!"r(an' #"n)a ,na "%p"ran/a $" $a pr'!"$' $" Ba5'%6 +r"n#" a 3 % 4,"ra na($' "n EEUU Clar' 8," 4a7 $+"r"n(a% $"n#r' $" l'%


23/23

pa)%"% $" A La#na: % na()a "n Ur,&,a7 %, "%p"ran/a $" $a %,)a a 0 a5'%6 p"r' %na()a "n Ha#) %, "%p"ran/a $" $a %" r"$,()a a 0 a5'%

America Latina en La Primera Mitad Del Siglo Xx

Documents

Transcript of America Latina en La Primera Mitad Del Siglo Xx