ANTY 451 Presentation
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Transcript of ANTY 451 Presentation
Carly RytherANTY 451Dr. MacDonald
CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSULTING CULTURAL AFFILIATIONS
Case Studies Foley Square federal building and courthouse in New York City Widening of Route 4 in Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota, First African Baptist Church Cemetery in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
Why? they each have flaws, some major, and they can inspire future
solutions for consultation and public involvement each site had human remains discovered to show that there are other impacted communities besides
Native Americans in the NHPA process
WHY THESE THREE CASE STUDIES?
Guidelines for the treatment of human remains, if discovered:
Once a human skeleton has been turned over to the state archaeologist or has been exhumed under permit:
It should be examined
Records of the analysis
If identified as Native American contact SHPO and THPO
PROCEDURE REGARDING HUMAN REMAINS
Foley Square federal building site
General Services Administration (GSA) was the agency
Highly publicized and not in the good way
GSA had no plan in place to handle human remain, if they were discovered
CASE STUDY #1: MANHATTAN COLONIAL ERA SLAVE BURIAL GROUND
African American community of New York City became aware of the mistreatment of the site and were very concerned
GSA halted all work and tried reassessing the situation
Advisory Council for Historic Preservation (ACHP) became involved
The city switched to physical anthropologist, Michael Blakey, from Howard University
CASE STUDY #1 CONTINUED
The construction at the site stopped because the community activists lobbied President George H.W. Bush to cease the destruction of their ancestral remains
GSA proposed partial mitigation of adverse effects to the burial ground by undertaking programs of: Data analysis Curation Education reinter the remains in a timely fashion
CASE STUDY #1 CONTINUED
Two cemeteries uncovered:
The Eighth Street cemetery was in use from 1823 until 1842 and the Tenth Street cemetery was used from 1810 until 1822
The Tenth Street cemetery was first uncovered when ramps were being constructed for the new Vine Street Expressway
The Eighth Street cemetery was discovered in 1990 directly in the path of the new expressway
CASE STUDY #2: FIRST AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCH CEMETERY IN PHILADELPHIA
Both archaeological recoveries were done in accordance
with federal historic preservation legislation under the NHPA. The Tenth Street site:
Congregants consulted 1983 to 1984 a wooden viewing platform was built Detailed handouts The Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum
tours A very popular article was published in Archaeology
at the same time a documentary about the sites, Ground Truth: Archaeology in the City , came out
CASE STUDY #2 CONTINUED
Eighth Street Site
was not open for public viewing
John Milner Associates opened their
laboratory for more than 50 groups to
observe some of the analysis being done
The recovered collections were housed
between the Afro-American Historical and
Cultural Museum as well as at the Atwater
Kent Museum of Philadelphia for an
exhibit on urban archaeology called City
Beneath Our Feet.
CASE STUDY #2 CONTINUED
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) proposes to
reconstruct an eight-mile section of a highway that
runs through the Crow Creek Reservation in South
Dakota.
1997- Ten archeological sites
BIA submitted an archeological data recovery report to the
SHPO with a finding of no historic properties affected.
BIA carried out archaeological data recovery at three sites
CASE STUDY #3: WIDENING OF ROUTE 4 CREEK RESERVATION, SOUTH DAKOTA
Sites’ archeological investigation exposed hundreds of
skeletal remains in storage pits at three Plains Village
occupations
BIA reports that it consulted with the Crow Creek and Three
Affiliated Tribes about appropriate procedures to remove and
reinter the human remains.
The person who BIA identifies as its Three Affiliated Tribes
contact denied any contact, approval, or knowledge of the
agency’s actions.
CASE STUDY #3 CONTINUED
Blatant disregard for proper procedures in handling historic resources and the 106 process
No consultation with lineal descendants or cultural affiliations
Miscommunication with lineal descendants or cultural affiliations
POOR ARCHAEOLOGY: South Dakota and New York
WHAT WAS BAD IN THE CASE STUDIES?
Philadelphia First African Baptist cemeteries Viewing platform School outreach Museum cooperation Congregation cooperation Observing analysis
South Dakota BIA Mitigation
New York GSA mitigation National Register of Historic Places Memorial
WHAT WAS GOOD IN THE CASE STUDIES?
Because it is mandated in the NHPA
Completes knowledge of the sites
Respects the remains found
Respects the lineal descendants
Respects the community by being aware
GOOD ARCHAEOLOGY
WHY IS CONSULTATION SO IMPORTANT?