capitulo 1 Derivados de hidrocarburos.Funciones químicas que identifican

7/21/2019 capitulo 1 Derivados de hidrocarburos.Funciones químicas que identifican

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/capitulo-1-derivados-de-hidrocarburosfunciones-quimicas-que-identifican 1/20

Zuåeglj Friê`glj

G`trfmullgü`

Ab astumgf ma bjs prfpgamjmas ma bfs egbbfàs ma lfepuastfs friê`glfs lf`flgmfssa nj hjlgbgtjmf jb jirupjrbfs a` lbjsas f hjegbgjs lf` cjsa a` sus pjrtglubjrgmjmasastrulturjbas. A` lf`salua`lgj bfs egaecrfs ma ljmj lbjsa ma lfepuastfslf`tgaà` u` êtfef f irupf ma êtfefs ljrjltaråstglf qua bfs mgstgìua y sa bbjejirupf hu`lgf`jb.

Ab irupf hu`lgf`jb ( f hu`lgü`) as ab êtfef f irupf ma êtfefs qua mahgà bjastrulturj ma u`j hjegbgj pjrtglubjr ma lfepuastfs friê`glfs y jb egsef tgaepfmatareg`j sus prfpgamjmas quåegljs. Jså, ljmj lbjsa ma lfepuastfs axngcaprfpgamjmas quåegljs saeaoj`tas lfef rasubtjmf ma taàr u` irupf hu`lgf`jb

lfeÿ`. Tfr aoaepbf ab irupf ngmrfxgbf (-FN) as ab irupf hu`lgf`jb qua ljrjltargzjj bj hjegbgj ma bfs jblfnfbas, ab mfcba a`bjla (-L5L-) jb bj hjegbgj ma bfs jbqua`fs, abljrcfxgbf (-LFFN) j bfs êlgmfs ljrcfxåbglfs, atl.

Tfr ftrf bjmf u`j hjegbgj ma lfepuastfs lf`stgtuya u`j sarga nfeübfij

• ]fmfs bfs lfepuastfs ma bj sarga lf`tgaà` bfs egsefs abaea`tfs y puama`

raprasa`tjrsa eamgj`ta u`j hüreubj iaàrjb euy sgepba.

• Bj hüreubj efbalubjr ma ljmj nfeübfif mghgara ma bj qua pralama y ma bj qua

sulama pfr u` eatgba`f (-LN3).• Axgsta u`j vjrgjlgü` irjmujb ma bjs prfpgamjmas håsgljs lf` ab g`lraea`tf ma bjejsj efbalubjr.

• ]fmfs bfs lfepuastfs ma bj sarga axngca` prfpgamjmas quåegljs saeaoj`tas.



Margvjmfs ma Ngmrfljrcurfs.



J trjvçs mab pjsf mab tgaepf, ab nfecra vj lralga`mf `f sfbf tal`fbüigljea`tasg`f tjecgç` g`mustrgjbea`ta, y irjlgjs j astf eês y eês lfsjs sa nj` nalnf jpjrtgr ma u`f ma bfs ralursfs `f ra`fvjcbas mab pbjàtj, ab patrübaf. Bfs margvjmfsma ngmrfljrcurfs lf`hfrej` bj pjrta ma bj efbçlubj qua sa lf`fla lfef irupf

hu`lgf`jb. \f` lfepuastfs friê`glfs qua a` su astrulturj lf`tgaà` jmaeês maljrcf`f an ngmrfia`f ftrfs abaea`tfs lfef ab fxgia`f f ab jzuhra.

Q` irupf hu`lgf`jb as jquab qua lfrraspf`ma j bj pjrta eês rajltgvj ma bjefbçlubj y as ab qua gma`tghglj j ljmj lbjsa f hjegbgj ma lfepuastfs, sga`mfraspf`sjcbas jmaeês ma bj ejyfråj ma bjs prfpgamjmas håsgljs y quåegljs qualjrjltargzj` j ljmj hjegbgj.

Bj quåeglj friê`glj as bj a`ljrijmj ma astumgjr bfs margvjmfs mab ljrcf`f y jså

bfs lfepuastfs ma asta egsef.

Ab Ljrcf`f? As u` abaea`tf `f eatêbglf. \u `ÿearf jtüeglf as ab 8 y tgaà 8a-tftjbas, jmaeês tgaà =a- ma vjba`lgj. @f as u` abaea`tf astjcba y sa lraj`lfepuastfs sgaepra lf` bfs L,N,F,@,T,\ pjrj lrajr efbçlubjs friê`gljs.

Trahgofs:-Ej`f 8.Naxj3-Mg 9-Naptj

<-]rg >-Fltj=-]atrj 7-@f`j1-Ta`tj :4-Malj

Bfs ngmrfljrcurfs sa sucmgvgma` a` mfs pjrtas? Jbghêtglfs (Jblj`f, Jbqua`f y

Jbqug`f) W bfs Jrfeêtglfs.

Jblj`fs- Hfrej a`bjlas sa`lgbbfs ma 3a-

Jbqua`fs-Hfrej a`bjlas mfcbas ma =a-

Jbqug`fs-Hfrej a`bjlas trgpbas lf` 8a- Jrfeêtglfs-Hfrej a`bjlas mab ca`la`f.



@fea`lbjturj ma jblj`fs.:-Eatj`f 3:-Na`glfsj`f3-Atj`f 33-Mflfsj`f<-Trfpj`f 3<-]rglfsj`f=-Cutj`f 3=-]atrjlfsj`f1-Ta`j`f 31-Ta`tjlfsj`f8-Naxj`f 38-Naxjlfsj`f9-Naptj`f 39-Naptjlfsj`f>-Fltj`f 3>-Fltjlfsj`f7-@f`j`f 37-@f`ljlfsj`f:4-Altj`f <4-]rgjlf`tj`f

::-Malj`f <:-Na`trgjlf`tj`f:3-Q`malj`f <3-Mftrgjlf`tj`f:<-]rgmalj`f =4-]atrjlf`tj`f:=-]atrjmalj`f 14-Ta`tjlf`tj`f:1-Ta`tjmalj`f 19-Ta`tjnaptjlf`tj`f:8-Naxjmalj`f 84-Naxjlf`tj`f:9-Naptjmalj`f 94-Naptjlf`tj`f:>-Fltj`fmalj`f >4-Fltjlf`tj`f:7-@f`jmalj`f 74-@f`jlf`tj`f

34-Glfsj`f :44-Naltj`f



Margvjmfs ma bfs Ngmrfljrcurfs.

Sjmgljb--0 S-^ 2--Njbüia`fs

Hfrej` sjbas. \f` bfs abaea`tfs H (hbufr), Lb (Lbfrf), Cr (Crfef) y ab G (Wfmf).

Njbüia`fs qugara malgr ‒Hfrejmfras ma sjbas―, astfs abaea`tfs hfrej` a`bjlas

lfvjba`tas, sf` a`bjlas huartas y astjcbas. Hfrej` a`bjlas lfvjba`tas pfbjras y `fpfbjras. ]fmjs bjs sustj`lgjs pfbjras tga`ma` j taàr u`j cua`j rabjlgü` lf` ab

jiuj (N3F), bfs abaea`tfs pfbjras sf` N,F,@,T,\.

Abaltrfàijtgvgmjm.

As bj ljpjlgmjm ma u` abaea`tf ma jtrjar abaltrfàs, ega`trjs eês abaltrfàs

taìj` eês jtrja`.

Bj efbçlubj eês ma u` njbüia`f as ab LN<^

@fea`lbjturj

:. \a bfljbgzj y `fecrj bj ljma`j prg`lgpjb. Jb giujb qua sa `fecrj` bfs jblj`fs, sa

abgia lfef prg`lgpjb bj ljma`j eês bjrij qua lf`ta`tj j bfs njbüia`fs.

3. \a ùearj` bfs ljrcf`fs ma bj ljma`j prg`lgpjb lfea`zj`mf pfr ab axtraef eêslarlj`f jb prgear sustgtuya`ta, sg` gepfrtjr sg sa trjtj ma u` jbqugbf f u` njbüia`f.\a jsgi`j j ljmj sustgtuya`ta u` `ÿearf lf`hfrea j su pfsglgü` a` bj ljma`j. Tfraoaepbf?

:Ln<-3LN-<LN3-=LN-1Ln3-8Ln-< Naxj`f.



Astrulturj mab MM]

Trfpgamjmas ma bfs Njbfia`fs Trfpgamjmas Hgsgljs Trfpgamjmas Zugegljs

]gaà` pu`tf ma acubbglgf` Hfrejlgf` ma jblfnfbas

]gaà` Ma`sgmjm]gaà` sfbuvgbgmjm

Bfs ngmrfljrcurfs sf` cua`fs mgsfbva`tas ma båpgmfs, jlagtas y irjsjs y, pfr bflf`sgiuga`ta, sf` euy utgbgzjmfs a` bj g`mustrgj ma bjvjmf a` salf. Bfs njbüia`fsma jbqugbf sa usj` pjrj prfmulgr pbêstglfs gepfrtj`tas lfef lbfrurf ma pfvg`gbf,

sjrj`, tahbü` y nuba ma àfpra`f.

Mgvarsfs ngmrfljrcurfs lfbfrjmfs tgaà` u g`tarçs aspalgjb

pfrqua sa usj` lfef g`saltglgmjs, aspalåhgljea`ta bfsbbjejmfs pbjiuglgmjs f pastglgmjs. Ma`trf ma abbfs saa`lua`trj ab mglbfrf mgha`gb trglbfrfatj`f lf`flgmf lfef MM].

Astfs y eulnfs ftrfs lfepuastfs njbfia`jmfs astjcj`cjof sfspalnj ma sar ljrlg`üia`fs. Tfr aoaepbf, a` u`tgaepf eês ma :44 prfmultfs lfearlgjbas lf`ta`åj`lbfrfhfref (LNLb<). Ejs mab >4% ma su usf arj lfefaxpaltfrj`ta y sjcfrgzj`ta a` eamgljea`tfs pjrj bj

tfs; sg` aecjrif, ab > ma oubgf ma :794, bj jmeg`gstrjlgü`pjrj jbgea`tfs y eamgljea`tfs ma astjmfs ÿ`glfs prfngcgü ab usf mab lbfrfhfref

a` prfmultfs eamglg`jbas jb lfeprfcjr qua arj ljrlg`üia`f.



Jblfnfbas.

Hfreubj ia`arjb? L`N3`+3F

Irupf Hu`lgf`jb Ngmrfxgbf? S-FN

Bfs jblfnfbas sf` lfepuastfs friê`glfs mf`ma u`f f eês ngmrüia`fs ma u`ngmrfljrcurf nj` sgmf sustgtugmfs pfr u`f f eês irupfs ngmrfxgbf (-FN). Bfsjblfnfbas sa lbjsghglj` a` prgejrgfs, salu`mjrgfs y tarlgjrgfs saiÿ` astç` a`bjzjmfs

j u`f, mfs f tras ljrcf`fs raspaltgvjea`ta.

Bfs abaea`tfs qua hfrej` pua`tas ngmrüia`fs sf` bfs F,@,T,\.

Tgarma` ab ngmrfia`f

Ij`jrj` eês Fxåia`fs

Tarmarê` ab a-

\a a`bjzjrj` ma ej`arj mfcba.



@fea`lbjturj

:. \a saballgf`j bj ljma`j eês bjrij ma êtfefs ma ljrcf`f qua lf`taìj ab irupfhu`lgf`jb.

3. \a ùearj bj ljma`j, lfea`zj`mf pfr ab axtraef eês prüxgef jb irupfhu`lgf`jb.

<. \a utgbgzj bjs egsejs raibjs ma bfs jblj`fs pjrj g`mgljr bfs irupfs sustgtuya`tas(Eatgb, Atgb)

=. \a `fecrj bj ljma`j prg`lgpjb ljecgj`mf bj tareg`jlgü` J@F pfr FB, yj`tapf`ga`mf ab `ÿearf mab ljrcf`f a` mf`ma sa g`sartj ab irupf hu`lgf`jb. Tfr

aoaepbf?

LbN-LN<

LN<-L-LN3-LN3-FN <,Atgb,=Eatgb Ta`tj`fb.

LbN3 “ LN<

Trfpgamjmas ma bfs JblfnfbasTrfpgamjmas Hgsgljs Trfpgamjmas Zugegljs

Tu`tf ma acubbglgü` y ma`sgmjm Sajllgü` ma fxgmjlgü`\fbucgbgmjm Sajllgü` ma astarghgljlgü`

Q`f ma bfs jblfnfbas ejs ralf`flgmfs as ab Eatj`fb. As u` båqugmf vfbêtgb,jbtjea`ta g`hbjejcba; sg as gìargmf as vaà`fsf y ljpjz ma fljsgf`jr laiuarj yeuarta. Bj axpfsglgü` j vjpfras ma eatj`fb, ju` murj`ta lfrtfs pargfmfs, aspabgirfsj. \g` aecjrif, sa hjcrglj` jùjbea`ta ljsg = egbbfàs ma tfàbjmjs qua sausj` pjrj?

-Lf`varsgü` j hfrejbmangmf (eatj`jb).

-Hjcrgljlgü` ma ftrjs sustj`lgjs quåegljs, aspalgjbea`ta mgstg`tfs tgpfs ma ataras.

-Mas`jturjbgzjlgü` ma jblfnfb atåbglf.

-\fbva`ta g`mustrgjb.



Atj`fb. As u` jblfnfb lf`flgmf masma bfs tgaepfs eês raeftfs y ab eês axta`mgmf.\u prfmullgü` g`mustrgjb sa bbavj j ljcf j pjrtgr ma margvjmfs mab patrübaf, lfef abatj`f ab lujb sa sfeata j ngmrfbgsgs a` eamgf jlgmf. Asta jblfnfb jltÿjhgsgfbüigljea`ta lfef jbgea`tf, eamgljea`tf y tfxglf. As jbgea`tf a` sa`tgmf

bgegtjmf, yj qua ab frij`gsef puama eatjcfbgzjr paquaújs lj`tgmjmas a` mgüxgmfma ljrcf`f y jiuj lf` prfmullgü` ma aàriåj. Lfef hêrejlf, sa lf`sgmarjarrüàjea`ta astgeubj`ta, parf a` rajbgmjm as u` maprasgvf. A` lgartjs lj`tgmjmasefmarjmjs, ab atj`fb ljusj acrgamjm y maprgea bjs hu`lgfàs laracrjbas. Tjrj suusf g`mustrgjb sa mas`jturjbgzj, f mastuhj. Bj mas`jturjbgljzgf` sa ahaltujjiraij`mf pçquabjs lj`tgmjmas ma eatj`fb y ftrfs mastuhj`tas qua sf`

axtraejmjea`ta mghålgbas ma sapjrjr.



Jbmanåmfs y Latf`js

Jbmanåmfs Latf`js

S-LN5F S-Lf-S

Hüreubj Iaàrjb? L @ N 3@ F

Q` ljrcf`f u`gmf j u` fxgia`f lf` u` mfcba a`bjla as bbjejmf Ljrcf`gbf. Astairupf hu`lgf`jb as u`f ma bfs eês gepfrtj`tas a` bj `jturjbazj, yj qua saa`lua`trj tjecgç` prasa`ta a` ftrjs hjegbgjs ma lfepuastfs friê`glfs, lfef bfsêlgmfs ljrcfxåbglfs y sus margvjmfs. Bfs jbmanåmfs mghgara` ma bjs latf`js pfr taàru` êtfef ma ngmrfia`f u`gmf jb irupf ljrcf`gbf. A@ bjs latf`js, ab irupf

ljrcf`gbf astj u`gmf j mfs êtfefs ma ljrcf`f.Bj hjlgbgmjm pjrj iaàrjr u` pu`tf ma ngmrfia`f, astjrê mjmj pfr abtjejúf y astrulturj ma bj ljma`j qua jlfepjúj jb irupf hu`lgf`jb. Abjbmanåmf hfrej ejyfras lj`tgmjmas ma pua`tas ngmrfia`f qua bjslatf`js. Bjs tareg`jlgfàs ma bfs jbmanåmfs sgaepra tareg`jrj` a`@JB, y bj ma bjs latf`js tareg`jrj a` F@J.



@fea`lbjturj

:.-\a sgiua` bjs raibjs sgegbjras j bjs utgbgzjmj pjrj `fecrjr bfs jblj`fs. Tjrjmasgi`jr jbmanåmfs bj F, mab ngmrfljrcurf frgig`jb sa sustgtuya pfr bj tareg`jlgü`

JB, y pjrj masgi`jr latf`js pfr bj tareg`jlgü` F@J.

3.-Ab `fecra sa cjsj a` bj ljma`j lf`tgùj eês bjrij ma êtfefs ma ljrcf`f. Tjrjbfs jbmanåmfs, bj ùearjlgü` sa g`glgj a` ab ljrcf`f mab irupf hu`lgf`jb, ab lujb saa`lua`trj sgaepra a` ab axtraef ma bj ljma`j, pfr bf qua `f as àlasjrgf g`mgljrsu pfsglgü`.

<.- Bjs latf`js sa aùearj` g`glgj`mf pfr ab axtraef eês larlj`f jb irupfhu`lgf`jb, g`mglj`mf su pfsglgü` lf` u` `ÿearf j`tas ma `fecra ma bj ljma`j.

=.- Bj pfsglgü` ma bfs sustgtuya`tas sa g`mglj a` giujb hfrej qua a` bfs

ngmrfljrcurfs rjeghgljmfs. Tfr aoaepbf?

Trfpgamjmas ma bfs Jbmangmfs y Latf`jsTrfpgamjmas Hgsgljs Trfpgamjmas Zugegljs

Bj pfbjrgmjm mab mfcba a`bjla ljrcf`f-fxgia`f as ejyfr qua a` bfs Çtaras.

]gaà rajllgü` ma Fxgmjlgf`.

\u fxgia`f abaltrfàijtgvf tgaà u`jjtrjllgü` eês irj`ma pfr bfs pjras ma

a`bjla, ma ejàrj qua ab ljrcf`f quamjlf` u`j ljrij pjrlgjb pfsgtgvj y abfxgia`f ma u`j ljrij pjrlgjb àijtgvj.

Bfs jbmanåmfs y latf`js sa prasa`tj` lfef hrjij`lgjs y sjcfras `jturjbas. Bfsirupfs ljrcf`gbfs y sus margvjmfs astê` prasa`tas a` bjs astrulturjs macgflfepuastfs, lfef bfs ljrcfngmrjtfs, bjs vgtjeg`js y bjs nfref`js. Jbiu`fsjbmanåmfs y latf`js gepfrtj`tas qua sa sg`tatgzj` f sgrva` lfef pjrtgmj pjrj

så`tasgs ma ftrfs lfepuastfs sf`?



Ab eatj`jb.- \u hüreubj as LN35F, as ab jbmanåmf ma ljma`j eêslfrtj. \a sg`tatgzj j pjrtgr ma eatj`fb. \us prg`lgpjbas `fecrastrgvgjbas sf`? Hfrejbmangmf, Jbmanåmf hüreglf y hfrefb. As u` ijsma fbfr euy pu`zj`ta qua ljusj bjirgeaf; sa mgsuabva lf` hjlgbgmjm

a` ab jiuj. \us prg`lgpjbas jpbgljlgf`as sf`? a` sfbulgü` jb =4%,bbjejmj hfrejbg`j, sa usj lfef lf`sarvjmfs ma pgazjs j`jtüegljs ycgfbüigljs y a` bgqugmf pjrj aecjbsjejr ljmêvaras; tg`lgü` ma taxtgbas;prapjrjlgü` ma axpbfsgvfs? lf`sarvjlgü` ma jbgea`tfs; lurtgmf ma pgabas?abjcfrjlgü` ma prfmultfs masg`haltj`tas y hftfirêhglfs? a` bj g`mustrgj eatjbÿriglj.Ab prgear pfbåearf sg`tatgzjmf a` :747, bj Cjkabgtj, astê hfrejmf pfr ab ha`fb y

hfrejbmangmf.

Bj latf`j eês sgepba as bjprfpj`f`j, su `fecra lfeÿ` as

jlatf`j. As u` båqugmf ma fbfr mubzü`jirjmjcba. \a aepbaj lfefmgsfbva`ta lfeÿ` ma ejtargjbasfriê`glfs lfef irjsjs, ljulnfs, pbêstglfs y cjr`glas. As ab g`iramga`ta prg`lgpjb ma

lgartfs raefvamfras ma cjr`gz ma uújs.



Êlgmfs ljrcfxåbglfs

Hfreubj Iaàrjb? L`N3`F3

Irupf hu`lgf`jb Ljrcfxgbf? -LFFN

Bfs êlgmfs friê`glfs sa ljrjltargzj` pfr taàr a` su astrulturj jb irupf hu`lgf`jb ljrcfxgbf.

Asta irupf as u`j lfecg`jlgü` mab irupf ljrcf`gbf y ab ngmrfxgbf y sa puama raprasa`tjr

masjrrfbbjmf f lf`ma`sjmf.

@fea`lbjturj.

:.- \aballgf`jr bj ljma`j lf`tgùj qua lf`ta`tj ab ejyfr ùearf ma ljrcf`fs y abirupf ljrcfxgbf, ab ljrcf`f mab ljrcfxgbf sgaepra sa lf`sgmarj ab ùearf u`f.

3.- \a masgi`j` bfs sustgtuya`tas ma jluarmf lf` bjs raibjs ea`lgf`jmjs a` bfsjblj`fs.

<.- Bj ljma`j saballgf`jmj sa `fecrj aslrgcga`mf prgearf bj pjbjcrj jlgmf,jiraij`mf bj tareg`jlgü` FGLF, jb hg`jb mab `fecra mab jblj`f mab lujb sa margvj.

=.- \g njy mfs f eês irupfs ljrcfxgbf, sa sgiua` bjs raibjs y sa mj bj tareg`jlgü`MGFGLF. Lfef pfr aoaepbf?



Trfpgamjmas ma bfs Jlgmfs LjrcfxgbglfsTrfpgamjmas Hgsgljs Trfpgamjmas Zugegljs

\f` efbçlubjs pfbjras y puama` hfrejrpua`tas ma ngmrfia`f a`tra så y lf`ftrfs tgpfs ma efbçlubjs pfbjrgzjmjs.

Ab irjmf ma mgsflgjlgü` qua taìj ljmjjlgmf as ab raspf`sjcba ma bj huarzj majlgmaz mab egsef.

\f` cjstj`tas sfbucbas a` mgsfbva`tas`f pfbjras.\us pu`tfs ma acubbglgü` sf` eês

abavjmfs qua bfs ma bfs jblfnfbas,latf`js f jbmanåmfs ma ejsjsefbalubjras saeaoj`tas.

Ab jlgmf hüreglf sa a`lua`trj a` bj `jturjbazj a` pçquabjslj`tgmjmas; su prasa`lgj sa maslucra ma ejàrj pflf jirjmjcba.Lujbqugarj qua njyj sgmf pgljmf pfr u`j nfregij f qua njyjhrftjmf pgab lf` ftrjs nfregijs nj parlgcgmf ab ahaltf grrgtj`ta mabjlgmf hüreglf g`yaltjmf macjof ma bj pgab. Asta jlgmf prfmula

jepfbbjs luj`mf a`trj a` lf`tjltf lf` bj pgab. \a utgbgzj pjrj bjprapjrjlgü` ma ataras, sjbas, pjbstglfs y jlgmf fxêbglf.

Ab jlgmf bêltglf, as ab raspf`sjcba mab sjcfr ma bj balna jirgj, ab lujof yab suarf ma ej`talj. A` ab prflasf ma bj lf`trjllgü` euslubjr, bfs

taogmfs euslubjras mfreê` jlgmf bêltglf y bf bgcarj` j bj sjìra.

Ab jlgmf pjbeåtglf sa fctgaà j pjrtgr mab jlagta ma lflf y saaepbaj a` bj hjcrgljlgü` ma vabjs, ojcfàs, lfseçtglfs,bucrglj`tas, tg`tjs atl.



Çtaras

Hfreubj Ia`arjb? L`N3@+F

Irupf Hu`lgf`jb Çtar? -F-

Bfs çtaras sf` lfepusa qua sa lf`sgmarj` margvjmfs friê`glfs mab jiuj, a` mf`mabfs mfs ngmrüia`fs sa sustgtuya` pfr rjmgljbas friê`glfs.

\a raprasa`tj lfef S-F-S. Luj`mf bfs irupfs S W S sf` giujbas y sa mgla qua sf`çtaras sgepbas f sgeçtrglfs; luj`mf sf` mghara`tas sa bas bbjej egxtfs f

jsgeçtrglfs.

@fea`lbjturj.

:.- \a `fecrj g`mglj`mf bfs irupfs jbqugbf f jrgbf u`gmfs jb fxgia`f,prahara`taea`ta pfr frma` jbhjcçtglf lf` bj tareg`jlgü` GLF, pralamgmfs a` bj

pjbjcrj A]AS.



Trfpgamjmas ma bfs ÇtarasTrfpgamjmas Hgsgljs Trfpgamjmas Zugegljs

\fbucgbgmjm\ustj`lgjs ma fbfr jirjmjcba, eêsbgiarfs qua ab jiuj.

Mçcgbea`ta pfbjras y sus pu`tfs maacubbglgü` sf` euy sgegbjras jb ma bfsjblj`fs ma ejsj efbalubjr saeaoj`ta yeulnf ea`fr qua bfs jblfnfbas.

Macgmf j bj pflj rajltgvgmjm mab a`bjla atçraf, bfs çtaras `f sa aepbaj` eulnflfef rajltgvfs a` så`tasgs ma lfepuastfs friê`glfs, sg`f eês cga` lfefmgsfbva`tas pjrj bjs rajllgfàs friê`gljs. Eulnfs lfepuastfs lfeuàs ma frgia``jturjb partaàla` j astj hjegbgj. Tfr aoaepbf, bj vjg`gbbj, prg`lgpjb lfepfà`ta ma

bj aslj`lgj ma bj vjg`gbbj, y ab jàtfb, prg`lgpjb gìramga`ta mab jlagta ma j`ås yutgbgzjmf a` parhuearåj.

Q` çtar sa prfmula a` irj`mas vfbÿeaàs nfy a` måj as ab çtar-eatgb-tar-cutåbglf.Asta lfepuastf sa jiraij j bj ijsfbg`j pjrj ramulgr bj aegsgü` ma ef`üxgmf maljrcf`f a` bfs ijsas ma asljpa ma bfs jutfeüvgbas y tjecgç` lfef sustgtutf mabtatrj atgbf ma pbfef lfef jia`ta j`tgmatf`j`ta.

Ab jlgmf ma atgba`f as u` çtar y u` ijs tfxglf, ejs ma 84% ma bj prfmullgü` mabegsef sa utgbgzj a` bj hjcrgljlgü` ma atgbaìbglfb, lf`flgmf lfef j`tglfìabj`ta. Ab

fxgia`f ma atgba`f tjecgç` sa utgbgzj pjrj astargbgzjr g`struea`tfs eçmglfs y lfefg`tareamgjrgf a` bjs så`tasgs ma ta`sf jltgvfs `f gü`glfs.



Jeg`js

Irupf jeg`f

@N 3

Bjs jeg`js sf` lfepuastfs `gtrfia`jmfs qua sa puama` maslrgcgr lfef margvjmfsmab lfepuastf g`friê`glf jef`gjlf. Mf`ma u`f f eês `gtrüia`fs nj` sgmfraaepbjzjmfs pfr irupfs jbqugbfs f jrgbfs. Asta irupf hu`lgf`jb jeg`f

lfrraspf`ma j bj sustgtulgü` ma u` ngmrfia`f mab @N<.

Bfs lfepuastfs friê`glfs ma `gtrüia`f sa a`lua`trj` a` tfmfs bfs frij`gsefsvgvfs a` hfrejs vjrgjmjs qua g`lbuya` jeg`fêlgmfs y prftaå`js, ejtargjb ia`çtglf,nfref`js, vgtjeg`js y àurftrj`segsfras. Bfs fbfras masjirjmjcbas quajsflgjefs lf` bj maslfepfsglgü` friê`glj prfvgaà` ma prfmultfs ma masalnf

`gtrfia`jmfs.

@fea`lbjturj

:.- Bfs `fecras lfeuàs ma bjs jeg`js sa hfrej` `fecrj`mf a` frma` jbhjcçtglfbfs irupfs jbqugbf f jrgbf u`gmfs jb êtfef ma `gtrüia`f y jiraij`mf ab suhgof jeg`j.

\g sa a`lua`trj` prasa`tas sustgtuya`tas gmç`tglfs, sa aepbaj` bfs prahgofs mg y trg.



Trfpgamjmas ma bjs Jeg`jsTrfpgamjmas Hgsgljs Trfpgamjmas Zugegljs

Tu`tfs ma musgf` y pu`tfs ma acubbglgü`

qua juea`tj` a` tçreg`fs ia`arjbas jbjuea`tjr bj jesj efbalubjr.\f` sfbucbas a` jiuj.

Bfs prfhasgf`jbas ma bjs g`mustrgjs taxtgbas y ma tg`tfraråj sf` eês prfpa`sfs qua ab rastf ma bj

pfcbjlgü` j pjmalar matareg`jmfs lj`laras. Asta nalnf as macgmf j qua sa a`lua`trj`

axpuastfs j bj jllgü` ma mfs jeg`js jrfeêtgljs qua nj` sgmf lbjsghgljmjs lfef lj`laråia`js?

ab 3-jeg`f`jhtjba`f y bj ca`lgmg`j.



Cgcbgfirjhåjs

Margvjmfs ma Ngmrfljrcurfs.

www.l`n.ifc.ex , www.asjljmaegl.lfe , spj`gsn.jbgcjcj.lfe,

www.hamacgflfecustgcbas.lfe , abearljmarmabjsjbum.cbfispft.lfe ,

bumjvgmasfmgj.cbfispft.lfe , nteb.rg`lf`mabvjif.lfe , ml39:.=snjram.lfe ,

tgaepfmaaxgtf.lfe , nteb.rg`lf`mabvjif.lfe, nttp?//ml39:.=snjram.lfe/mfl/4V-

mlKy4/pravgaw.nteb,

http://www.cnh.gob.mx/


http://www.esacademic.com/


http://www.fedebiocombustibles.com/


http://dc271.4shared.com/doc/0_-dcKy0/preview.html









capitulo 1 Derivados de hidrocarburos.Funciones químicas que identifican

Documents

Transcript of capitulo 1 Derivados de hidrocarburos.Funciones químicas que identifican