Catarata
description
Transcript of Catarata
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CatarataDr. Gerardo Villarreal M.
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Definición
• Toda opacidad o pérdida de transparencia que desvía o altera el paso de la luz a través del cristalino.
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Catarata
•Causa número 1 de ceguera reversible en el mundo
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Catarata
• Historia
• Constantinus Africanus (1018) acuñó el término catarata
• Método de masage para desalojar catarata, descrita por Susruta en India 600 AC.
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Catarata
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Catarata
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Couching
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Catarata
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Catarata
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Embriología
Embrion de 4 sem (2mm)
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Embriología
Embrion de 4.5 sem (+2mm)
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Embriología
Embrión de 4 sem (10mm)
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Embriología
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Embriología
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Fisiología
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Fisiología
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Fisiología
• Continua creciendo en tamaño y peso durante toda la vida.
• El grosor aumenta 0.02 mm por año
• Hacia el núcleo se pierden actividad metabólica y organelos
• Color amarillento por absorción de luz UV
• Se vuelve menos maleable y disminuye la elasticidad de la cápsula
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Fisiología
• El cristalino tiene un poder de refracción in situ de 19 dioptrías
• Tiene un índice de refracción de 1.41
• A los 10 años = 14 D
• A los 20 años = 11 D
• A los 40 años = 6 D
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Fisiología
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Anatomía
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Anatomía
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Anatomía
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Catarata: Clasificación Anatómica
Cortical ( la más común )NuclearSubcapsular posteriorMixtaTotal
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Catarata Cortical
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Catarata Nuclear
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Catarata Subcapsular Posterior
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Catarata Total
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Catarata: Clasificación Etiológica
A. SENIL O RELACIONADA CON LA EDAD. B. CONGENITA Y JUVENIL. C. TRAUMATICA. D. ASOCIADA CON ENFERMEDADES
INTRAOCULARES. E. ASOCIADA CON ENFERMEDADES SISTEMICAS F. CAUSADA POR AGENTES NOCIVOS
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Catarata: Clasificación Etiológica
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Catarata
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Catarata
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Catarata
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Catarata
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Diagnóstico
• Síntomas y signos• Examen visual• Examen con lámpara de hendidura• Reflejo rojo y fondo de ojo.
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Síntomas y signos
• Baja de AV• Deslumbramiento• Disminución de la SC• Cambio miopico• Diplopia monocular
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Examen visual
• AV• AV a contraluz• Sensibilidad al contraste• Campos visuales
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Diagnóstico Diferencial
• DR• Coat´s• HVP• Retinoblastoma• ETC.
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Agudeza Visual
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Sensibilidad al Contraste
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Sensibilidad al Contraste
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Catarata Tratamiento
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Catarata Tratamiento
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Catarata
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Catarata
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Catarata
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Catarata
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GRACIAS