Diálogo Interjurisdiccional y Control de Convencionalidad

ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANOAO XIX, BOGOT, 2013, PP. 511553, ISSN 23460849

Humberto Nogueira Alcal (Chile)*

Dilogo interjurisdiccional y control de convencionalidad entre los tribunales nacionales y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en Chile**

RESUMENEn el presente artculo se realiza el anlisis de los jueces nacionales como jueces de control de convencionalidad y sus fundamentos jurdicos, como asimismo el tipo posible de di-logo entre las jurisdicciones nacionales y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, adems de las modalidades en que se puede concretar dicho dilogo por parte de las judicaturas nacionales. Se concluye con un anlisis del uso de la jurisprudencia de la CIDH por parte de las sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional chileno.

Palabras clave: control de convencionalidad, Chile, derechos humanos, Corte Interameri-cana de Derechos Humanos, corpus iuris, dilogo interjurisdiccional, sistema internacional de los derechos humanos.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDieser Artikel untersucht die Rolle nationaler Richter bei der berprfung der vlkerrecht-lichen Vertragskonformitt des innerstaatlichen Rechts und deren rechtliche Grundlagen sowie die Art, wie ein Dialog zwischen nationalen Gerichten und dem Interamerikanis-chen Gerichtshof fr Menschenrechte mglich ist. Auerdem klrt er die Modalitten, unter denen ein solcher Dialog aus Sicht der nationalen Gerichte zustandekommen kann. Abschlieend wird analysiert, inwieweit die Rechtsprechung des Interamerikanischen

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512 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD / HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL

Gerichtshofs fr Menschenrechte in die Rechtsprechung des chilenischen Verfassungs-gerichts Eingang gefunden hat.

Schlagwrter: Prfung der Vereinbarkeit nationalen Rechts mit vlkerrechtlichen Ver-trgen, Chile, Menschenrechte, Interamerikanischer Gerichtshof fr Menschenrechte, Corpus iuris, Dialog zwischen den Gerichten, Internationales System der Menschenrechte.

ABSTRACTThis paper is a study of national judges as judges of conventionality control and the legal basis of their task. Furthermore, it examines the kind of dialogue which might exist between national jurisdictions and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, as well as the ways in which national judiciary bodies might carry out this dialogue. It ends with an analysis of the use of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights case law by Chiles Constitutional Court.

Keywords: Conventionality control, Chile, Human rights, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Corpus juris, Dialogue among jurisdictions, International human rights system.

1. Consideraciones iniciales bsicas

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1.1. La caracterizacin de los tratados de derechos humanos

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ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 513

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1.2. Las obligaciones generales que generan los tratados de derechos humanos para los Estados partes: la Convencin Americana sobre Derechos Humanos

1.2.1. Es deber del Estado parte respetar y garantizar los derechos asegurados convencionalmente

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4 $PSUF*%)Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs. Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP

5 $GS i1SJODJQFBMMBOUEFTPJwEchange des populations grecques et turquesBWJTDPOTVMUBUJG$1+*TSJF#OoQZDBTP Durand y Ugarte, supraOPUBQSSBGP

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1.2.2. El deber del Estado de adecuar su ordenamiento jurdico y conducta a las obligaciones convencionales

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7 $PSUF*%)Caso Velsquez Rodrguez vs. HondurasGPOEPTFOUFODJBEFEFKVMJPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP-B$PSUFTFIBCBQSPOVODJBEPQSFWJBNFOUFSFTQFDUPEFFYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTFOTFOUFODJBEFEFKVOJPEFTFSJF$O

8 $PSUF*%)Caso La Masacre de Pueblo Bello vs. Colombia,GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFFOFSPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP

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10 $FDJMJB.FEJOB2VJSPHBi-BTPCMJHBDJPOFTEFMPT&TUBEPTCBKPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBTPCSF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTwFOIII Curso especializado para funcionarios de Estado sobre utilizacin del Sistema Interamericano de Proteccin de Derechos Humanos,NBUFSJBMFTCJCMJPHSDPTO4BO+PTQ

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DPNPPCMJHBDJOEFSFTVMUBEPBVORVFFMMPJNQMJRVFMBSFGPSNBNJTNBEFMB$POTUJUVDJODPNPPDVSSJFOFMDBTPLa ltima tentacin de CristoFOFMDVBMMBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)PSEFORVFFM&TUBEPEF$IJMFEFCBNPEJDBSFMBSUDVMPOJODJTPOBMEFMB$POTUJUVDJOQPSTFSDPOUSBSJPBMBSUDVMPEFMB$POWFODJORVFBTFHVSBFMEFSFDIPBMBMJCFSUBEEFFYQSFTJOFJOGPSNBDJOTJODFOTVSBQSFWJB

&M&TUBEPQBSUFEFMB$"%)EFCFFMJNJOBSEFTVPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPZFTUJNQFEJEPEFDSFBSPHFOFSBSMFZFTRVFWVMOFSFOMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUF12DPNPPDVSSJFOFMDBTPAlmonacid Arellano vs. ChileDPOFM%-EFEF"NOJTUBPFOFMDBTPLa Cantuta vs. Per13DPOMFZFTEFBNOJTUB14PNTSFDJFOUFNFOUFFOFMDBTPGelman vs. Uruguay15TPCSFMB-FZEF$BEVDJEBEEFMB1SFUFOTJO1VOJUJWBEFM&TUBEPEFUFSNJOBOEPRVFFTUPTQSFDFQUPTMFHBMFTDBSFDFOEFFGFDUPTKVSEJDPTWBMFEFDJSTPOJOBQMJDBCMFT

-PT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMB$"%)EFCFOBCTUFOFSTFEFFNJUJSSFTPMVDJPOFTKVEJDJBMFTRVFDPOTUJUVZBOBDUPTBSCJUSBSJPTFSSJUPTRVFWVMOFSFOEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTMPTDVBMFTTFEFDMBSBOTJOWBMPSZFDBDJBKVSEJDBDPNPIBPDVSSJEPFOFMDBTPPalamara Iribarne vs. Chile16DPNPBTJNJTNPFOFMDBTPAlmonacid Arellano vs. Chile,17PFMSFDJFOUFDBTP Atala y nias vs. Chile,QBSBTMPTFBMBSUSFTDBTPTDIJMFOPT"TVWF[MBFYQSFTJOiNFEJEBTEFPUSPDBSDUFSwRVFEFUFSNJOBMB$POWFODJOFOTVBSUDVMPJNQMJDBRVFMPTSHBOPTKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFTPSEJOBSJPTPFTQFDJBMFTRVFDPOUFNQMBFMPSEFOBNJFOUPFTUBUBMFODVBOUPSHBOPTEFM&TUBEPTFFODVFOUSBOWJODVMBEPTEJSFDUBFJONFEJBUBNFOUFQPSMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUFNTBODVBOEPFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPFTUBUBMBMSBUJDBSMB$POWFODJOMBDPOWJFSUFFOEFSFDIPJOUFSOPTJORVFEFKFEFTFSTJNVMUOFBNFOUFEFSFDIPJOUFSOBDJPOBM"TMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMFOFTUBEPCMFEJNFOTJOEFOPSNBJOUFSOBFJOUFSOBDJPOBMWJODVMBBMPTKVFDFTPSEJOBSJPTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTZPUSPTFTQFDJBMFTBSFTQFUBSZBHBSBOUJ[BSMPTBUSJCVUPTZHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTQPSEJDIBOPSNBUJWBFOFMFTUOEBSNOJNPBTFHVSBEPDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUF$PNPIBQSFDJTBEPMB$*%)FOFMDBTPAlmonacid Arellano vs. Chile:

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12 Responsabilidad internacional por expedicin y aplicacin de leyes violatorias de la convencin (Arts. 1 y 2 Convencin Americana Sobre Derechos Humanos)PQJOJODPOTVMUJWB0$EFMEFEJDJFNCSFEFTFSJF"Oo

13 $PSUF*%)Caso La Cantuta vs. Per,GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo

14 $PNPTFFYQMJDJUBFOFMDBTPi&ODPOTFDVFODJBEJDIBTAMFZFTOPIBOQPEJEPHFOFSBSFGFDUPTOPMPTUJFOFOFOFMQSFTFOUFOJQPESOHFOFSBSMPTFOFMGVUVSPw

15 $PSUF*%)Caso Gelman vs. Uruguay,GPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP

16 $PSUF*%)Caso Palamara Iribarne vs. ChileGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo

17 $PSUF*%)Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs. Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo


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&OUBMQFSTQFDUJWBOPEFCFPMWJEBSTFRVFDVBOEPMMFHBVODBTPBMTJTUFNBJOUFSBNFSJDBOPEFQSPUFDDJOEFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTZFM&TUBEPFTDPOEFOBEPFTQPSRVFIBGBMMBEPVOBJOTUBODJBKVSJTEJDDJPOBMEFMTJTUFNBOBDJPOBMZBRVFQBSBBDDFEFSBMTJTUFNBJOUFSBNFSJDBOPEFCFOIBCFSTFBHPUBEPQSFWJBNFOUFMBTJOTUBODJBTKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFTJOUFSOBT"TPDVSSJDPOMPTDBTPTDIJMFOPTLa ltima tentacin de Cristo,19Palamara,20Claude Reyes vs. Chile21ZAlmonacid y otros vs. Chile.22

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19 $PSUF*%) Caso La ltima tentacin de Cristo (Olmedo Bustos y otros) vs. Chile,GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$Oo&MDBTPMMFHBBMB$*%)EFTQVTEFVOBTFOUFODJBEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJB

20 $PSUF*%)Caso Palamara Iribarne vs. Chile, GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo&MDBTPMMFHBBMB$*%)EFTQVTEFVOBTFOUFODJBEFMB$PSUFEF"QFMBDJPOFTEF1VOUB"SFOBTZ+V[HBEP/BWBMEF.BHBMMBOFT

21 $PSUF*%)Caso Claude Reyes y otros vs. Chile,GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo-B$*%)DPOPDFEFMBNBUFSJBEFTQVTEFQSPOVODJBNJFOUPTEFTFOUFODJBTFOSFDVSTPEFQSPUFDDJOEFMB$PSUFEF"QFMBDJPOFTEF4BOUJBHPZEFTFOUFODJBFOSFDVSTPEFRVFKBEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJB

22 $PSUF*%)Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs. Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo-B$*%)TFQSPOVODJBEFTQVTEFTFOUFODJBTEFMB$PSUF.BSDJBMZEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJB

23 $PSUF*%)Caso Villagrn Morales y otros (caso Nios de la calle) vs. GuatemalaTFOUFODJBEFEFNBZPEF


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2. El control de convencionalidad

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2.1. El control de convencionalidad en sede internacional

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24 4VTBOB"MCBOFTFDPPSEEl control de convencionalidad#VFOPT"JSFT&EJBSQ25 4PCSFFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMDPODFQUPEFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB

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&TUFNFDBOJTNPTFIBSFGPS[BEPQPSla puesta en cuestin de la autoridad de cosa juz-gada, FTQFDJBMNFOUFFONBUFSJBQFOBMQPSMBKVSJTEJDDJOJOUFSOBEFCJFOEPSFYBNJOBSTFMBTEFDJTJPOFTKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFTJOUFSOBTDPOTJEFSBEBTDPOUSBSJBTBMB$"%)DPNPIBTJEPQSFDJTBEPFOBarrios Altos vs. PerZAlmonacid Arellanos vs. Chile

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QBSBTMPTFBMBSBMHVOPTEFFMMPT

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2.2. El control de convencionalidad que deben ejercer los jueces nacionales en cuanto Estado juez

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26 '4VESFi"QSPQPTEVAEJBMPHVFEFTKVHFTFUEVDPOUSPMEFDPOWFOUJPOBMJUwFOtudes en lHonneur de Jean Claude Gautrn. Les dynamiques du doit europen en dbut du sicle,1BST1FEPOFQ


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-PTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTOPEFCFOUFOFSVOBBDUJUVEQBTJWBPVOBBDUJUVEEFBVUPOPNBSFTQFDUPBMB$*%)TJOPVOBBDUJUVEEFDPPQFSBDJOZEFDPPSEJOBDJOWPMVOUBSJBEPOEFFMKVF[OBDJPOBMOPTPMBNFOUFCVTDBSDPNQSFOEFSFMFTQSJUVEFMBTTPMVDJPOFTKVSJTQSVEFODJBMFTFNJUJEBTQPSMB$*%)TJOPRVFBTVNJSVOSPMBDUJWPEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOZBQMJDBDJOEFMB$POWFODJOFOEFSFDIPJOUFSOP

&MDPODFQUPEFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEGVFFTUBCMFDJEPGPSNBMNFOUFQPSMB$*%)QPSQSJNFSBWF[FOGPSNBVOOJNFFOMBTFOUFODJBAlmonacid Arellano y otros vs. ChileFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFBMBOEPRVF

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iDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFOUSFMBTOPSNBTKVSEJDBTJOUFSOBTRVFBQMJDBOFOMPTDBTPTDPODSFUPTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBTPCSF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT&OFTUBUBSFBFM1PEFS+VEJDJBMEFCFUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB27

-BPCMJHBDJOQPSQBSUFEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTEFDPODSFUBSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEGVFSFJUFSBEBFOGPSNBVOJGPSNFFOEJWFSTPTGBMMPTEFMB$*%)TJONBZPSFTWBSJBOUFT28


28 -PTDBTPTLa Cantuta vs. PerTFOUFODJBEFMEFOPWJFNCSFEFDPOTJEFSBOEPFOFMDBTPTrabajadores cesados del Congreso (Aguado Alfaro y otros) vs. Per4FSJF$OoEFMEFOPWJFNCSFEFQSSBGP


IBTUBMMFHBSBMDBTPTrabajadores Cesados del Congreso vs. Per,EPOEFMB$*%)QSFDJTFONFKPSGPSNBFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBE"FTUFSFTQFDUTFBM

$VBOEPVO&TUBEPIBSBUJDBEPVOUSBUBEPJOUFSOBDJPOBMDPNPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBTVTKVFDFTUBNCJOFTUOTPNFUJEPTBFMMBMPRVFMFTPCMJHBBWFMBSQPSRVFFMFGFDUPUJMEFMB$POWFODJOOPTFWFBNFSNBEPPBOVMBEPQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFMFZFTDPOUSBSJBTBTVTEJTQPTJDJPOFTPCKFUPZO&OPUSBTQBMBCSBTMPTSHBOPTEFM1PEFS+VEJDJBMEFCFOFKFSDFSOPTMPVODPOUSPMEFDPOTUJUVDJPOBMJEBETJOPUBNCJOiEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFYPDJPFOUSFMBTOPSNBTJOUFSOBTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBFWJEFOUFNFOUFFOFMNBSDPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFT29

"TVWF[FOFMDBTP Heliodoro Portugal vs. Panam EFMB$*%)QSFDJT

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iDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwTFHOFMDVBMDBEBKV[HBEPSEFCFWFMBSQPSFMFGFDUPUJMEFMPTJOTUSVNFOUPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFNBOFSBRVFOPRVFEFNFSNBEPPBOVMBEPQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFOPSNBTPQSDUJDBTJOUFSOBTDPOUSBSJBTBMPCKFUPZOEFMJOTUSVNFOUPJOUFSOBDJPOBMPEFMFTUOEBSJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFQSPUFDDJOEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT3132

EOFMDBTP Cabrera Garca y Montiel Floresvs. MxicoEFMEFOPWJFNCSFEF33MB$*%)JOUSPEVKPOVFWBTQSFDJTJPOFTBMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBERVFEFCFOEFTBSSPMMBSMBTKVSJTEJDDJPOFTOBDJPOBMFT

29 $PSUF*%)Caso Trabajadores cesados del Congreso (Aguado Alfaro y otros) vs. Per,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP

30 $GS $PSUF*%)Casos Castillo Petruzzi y otros, supraOPUBQSSBGPAlmonacid Arellano y otros, supraOPUBQSSBGPZSalvador Chiriboga, supraOPUBQSSBGP

31 $GS. $PSUF*%)Casos Almonacid Arellano y otros, supra OPUBQSSBGPZBoyce y otros, supra OPUBQSSBGP

32 $PSUF*%)Caso Heliodoro Portugal vs. Panam,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFBHPTUPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP

33 $PSUF*%)Cabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs. MxicoFYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo


&TUF5SJCVOBMIBFTUBCMFDJEPFOTVKVSJTQSVEFODJBRVFFTDPOTDJFOUFRVFMBTBVUPSJEBEFTJOUFSOBTFTUOTVKFUBTBMJNQFSJPEFMBMFZZQPSFMMPFTUOPCMJHBEBTBBQMJDBSMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTWJHFOUFTFOFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDP1FSPDVBOEPVO&TUBEPFT1BSUFEFVOUSBUBEPJOUFSOBDJPOBMDPNPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB, todos sus rganos, incluidos sus juecesUBNCJOFTUOTPNFUJEPTBBRVMMPDVBMMFTPCMJHBBWFMBSQPSRVFMPTFGFDUPTEFMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTEFMB$POWFODJOOPTFWFBONFSNBEPTQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFOPSNBTDPOUSBSJBTBTVPCKFUPZOLos jueces y rganos vinculados a la administracin de justicia en todos los nivelesFTUOFOMBobligacin de ejercer ex officio un control de convencionalidadwFOUSFMBTOPSNBTJOUFSOBTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBFWJEFOUFNFOUFFOFMNBSDPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFT&OFTUBUBSFBlos jueces y rganos judiciales vinculados a la administracin de justiciaEFCFOUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBw&OGBTJTBBEJEP

&OFOMBTFOUFODJBEFMDBTPGelman vs. Uruguay,MB$*%)SFJUFSVOBWF[NTTVKVSJTQSVEFODJB&OFTUFTFOUJEPFYQSFT

$VBOEPVO&TUBEPFT1BSUFEFVOUSBUBEPJOUFSOBDJPOBMDPNPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBUPEPTTVTSHBOPTJODMVJEPTTVTKVFDFTFTUOTPNFUJEPTBBRVMMPDVBMMFTPCMJHBBWFMBSQPSRVFMPTFGFDUPTEFMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTEFMB$POWFODJOOPTFWFBONFSNBEPTQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFOPSNBTDPOUSBSJBTBTVPCKFUPZOQPSMPRVFMPTKVFDFTZSHBOPTWJODVMBEPTBMBBENJOJTUSBDJOEFKVTUJDJBFOUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTFTUOFOMBPCMJHBDJOEFFKFSDFSFYPDJPVOiDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFOUSFMBTOPSNBTJOUFSOBTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBFWJEFOUFNFOUFFOFMNBSDPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFTZFOFTUBUBSFBEFCFOUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB3435

&OFMDBTP Atala Riffo y nias vs. Chile,EFMEFGFCSFSPEFMB$PSUFSFJUFSFMFNFOUPTCTJDPTEFEJDIPDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEZQSFDJTTVDBSDUFSEFJOUFSQSFUFMUJNPEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB

34 $GS Almonacid Arellano y otros vs. Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPGomes Lund y otros (Guerrilha do Araguaia)supraOPUBQSSZCabrera Garca y Montiel FloressupraOPUBQSS

35 $PSUF*%)Gelman vs. Uruguay, GPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP


-PTKVFDFTZSHBOPTWJODVMBEPTBMBBENJOJTUSBDJOEFKVTUJDJBFOUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTFTUOFOMBPCMJHBDJOEFFKFSDFSFYPDJPVOiDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFOUSFMBTOPSNBTJOUFSOBTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBFOFMNBSDPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFT&OFTUBUBSFBMPTKVFDFTZSHBOPTWJODVMBEPTBMBBENJOJTUSBDJOEFKVTUJDJBEFCFOUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB

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RVFMBTJOUFSQSFUBDJPOFTKVEJDJBMFTZBENJOJTUSBUJWBTZMBTHBSBOUBTKVEJDJBMFTTFBQMJRVFOBEFDVOEPTFBMPTQSJODJQJPTFTUBCMFDJEPTFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFFTUF5SJCVOBMFOFMQSFTFOUFDBTP36

-B$*%)IBSFJUFSBEPVOJGPSNFNFOUFFTUBQFSTQFDUJWBIBTUBFMQSFTFOUFFONVDIPTDBTPT37DPOFMPCKFUPEFRVFEJDIBPCMJHBDJOEFDPODSFUBSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBETFBFGFDUJWBNFOUFEFTBSSPMMBEBQPSMBTKVSJTEJDDJPOFTOBDJPOBMFTMPRVFQPTJCJMJUBBTJNJTNPEFTDBSHBSBMB$PSUFEFVODNVMPEFDBTPTRVFQFSGFDUBNFOUFQVFEFOTFSBTVNJEPTQPSMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTQPSBQMJDBDJOEFMB$POWFODJOZEFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFTVTFOVODJBEPTOPSNBUJWPTTPCSFEFSFDIPTRVFZBIBOTJEPJOUFSQSFUBEPTZBQMJDBEPTQPSMB$*%)&YJTUFODMBSBTMOFBTKVSJTQSVEFODJBMFTEFTUBTPCSFMBNBUFSJB

-BPCMJHBDJOEFBQMJDBSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJOUFSOPQPSFM&TUBEPMFHJTMBEPSQPSFM&TUBEPBENJOJTUSBEPSZQPSFM&TUBEPKVF[ZBFYJTUBQSFWJBNFOUFBMDBTPAlmonacid Arellano vs. Chile-PRVFIBDFMB$*%)FOFTUFDBTPFTTJNQMFNFOUFbautizar MBPCMJHBDJOEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTDPNPcontrol de convencionalidadRVFOPUJFOFOBEBEFPSJHJOBMZBRVFBTTFMMBNBUBNCJOFMDPOUSPMRVFTFQSDUJDBEFTEFIBDFWBSJBTEDBEBTFO&VSPQBSFTQFDUPEFMB$POWFODJO&VSPQFBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT

%FMBTTFOUFODJBTEFMB$*%)BOUFTQSFDJTBEBTQVFEFOEFUFSNJOBSTFMBTPCMJHBDJPOFTEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTFOUSNJOPTEFIBDFSDVNQMJSFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPFMSFTQFUPZ

36 $PSUF$*%)Caso Atala Riffo y Nias vs. Chile, EFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPTZ

37 $PSUF$*%)Casos Heliodoro Portugal vs. Panam,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFBHPTUPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGPRosendo Radilla Pacheco vs. Estados Unidos MexicanosFYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPManuel Cepeda Vargas vs. Co-lombiaFYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFNBZPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPOPUBComunidad Indgena Xkmok Ksek vs. Paraguay, GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFBHPTUPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPFernndez Ortega y Otros vs. MxicoFYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFBHPTUPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPCabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs. MxicoFYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoGelman vs. Uruguay, GPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGPLpez Mendoza vs. VenezuelaGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFQSSBGPAtala Riffo y nias vs. ChileTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEF


MBHBSBOUBEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUFBTFHVSBEPTDPOUSBUPEBOPSNBJOUFSOBRVFMPTDPOUSBWFOHBEOEPMFBUBMFTEFSFDIPTVOFGFDUPUJM

-PTFMFNFOUPTRVFDPNQPOFOFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEFBDVFSEPBMEJTFPFTUBCMFDJEPQPSMB$*%)QVFEFOTJOUFUJ[BSTFFOMPTTJHVJFOUFTDPOUFOJEPT

5PEPTMPTSHBOPTEFM&TUBEPQBSUFJODMVJEPTMPTKVFDFTEFUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTFTUOPCMJHBEPTBWFMBSQPSRVFMPTFGFDUPTEFMB$POWFODJOOPTFWFBONFSNBEPTQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFMFZFTDPOUSBSJBTBTVPCKFUPZODPODSFUBOEPVODPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEFMBTOPSNBTKVSEJDBTJOUFSOBT

&TUFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEFCFOSFBMJ[BSMPMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTZMPTEFNTSHBOPTFTUBUBMFTFYPDJPPUPSHOEPMFVOFGFDUPUJMRVFOPTFBBOVMBEPQPSBQMJDBDJOEFMFZFTDPOUSBSJBTBPCKFUPZO

&OEJDIPDPOUSPMEFCFUFOFSTFFODPOTJEFSBDJOOPTMPFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFTUFIBSFBMJ[BEPMB$*%)DPNPTVJOUFSQSFUFBVUOUJDPZOBM

&MDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBETFFKFSDFQPSDBEBSHBOPFTUBUBMZQPSMPTKVFDFTEFOUSPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTWJHFOUFT

$POCBTFFOFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEFTOFDFTBSJPRVFMBTJOUFSQSFUBDJPOFTKVEJDJBMFTZBENJOJTUSBUJWBTZMBTHBSBOUBTKVEJDJBMFTTFBQMJRVFOBEFDVOEPTFBMPTQSJODJQJPTFTUBCMFDJEPTQPSMB$"%)

&OFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEOPTFBQMJDBTMPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBTPCSF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTTJOPUBNCJOFMcorpus iurisWJODVMBOUFQBSBFM&TUBEPQBSUFFOWJSUVEEFMBSUDVMPEFMB$"%)

$VBOEPMB$*%)TFSFFSFBMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTOPBMVEFOJDBNFOUFBMPTKVFDFTPSEJOBSJPTRVFJOUFHSBOFM1PEFS+VEJDJBMDPNPRVFEBDMBSJDBEPFOMBTFOUFODJB EFMDBTP Cabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs. Mxico,EPOEFIBCMBEFiUPEPTTVTSHBOPTwSFSJOEPTFBM&TUBEPQBSUFRVFIBSBUJDBEPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBiJODMVJEPTTVTKVFDFTwMPTDVBMFTEFCFOWFMBSQPSFMFGFDUPUJMEFM1BDUPDPNPBTJNJTNPRVFiMPTKVFDFTZSHBOPTWJODVMBEPTBMBBENJOJTUSBDJOEFKVTUJDJBFOUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTwFTUOPCMJHBEPTBFKFSDFSEFPDJPFMiDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEw&TDMBSPFOUPODFTRVFUPEPSHBOPRVFFKFS[BKVSJTEJDDJOEFOUSPEFM&TUBEPMPRVFJODMVZFPCWJBNFOUFBMPTUSJCVOBMFTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTBMPTSHBOPTRVFFKFS[BOKVSJTEJDDJOFMFDUPSBMZBUPEPKVF[FTQFDJBMRVFEFUFSNJOBFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPOBDJPOBMBEFNTEFMPTKVFDFTPSEJOBSJPTEFUPEBTMBTJOTUBODJBTEFCFOFKFSDFSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEDPOUSBOPSNBTJOUFSOBTRVFBGFDUFOPWVMOFSFOMPTEFSFDIPTDPOWFODJPOBMFT5BMFTKVFDFTEFCFOBTFHVSBSFMPCKFUPZOEFMB$POWFODJOZFMSFTQFUPZHBSBOUBFTQFDDPEFMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUF5PEPTZDBEBVOPEFMPTKVFDFTEPNTUJDPTEFCFOSFBMJ[BSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJOUFHSBOEPFOFMTJTUFNBEFUPNBEFEFDJTJPOFTKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFTMPTBUSJCVUPTZMBTHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTQPSMB$"%)ZMPTDPOWFOJPTDPNQMFNFOUBSJPT&TUPEBVOFGFDUPUJMBMEFCFSEFHBSBOUJ[BSUBMFTEFSFDIPT


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1PSPUSBQBSUFBQBSUJSEFMBMUJNBEDBEBEFMTJHMPQBTBEPZMPTQSJNFSPTBPTEFMBOVFWBDFOUVSJBMBT$POTUJUVDJPOFTIBOFNQF[BEPBQPTJUJWBSFOMPTUFYUPTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTMPTQPTUVMBEPTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOCTJDPTFONBUFSJBEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT41DPNP

38 7FSFOUSFPUSPT.OJDB1JOUPi&MQSJODJQJPQSPIPNJOFwFO77"": La aplicacin de los tratados sobre derechos humanos por los tribunales locales,#VFOPT"JSFT&EJUPSJBM%FM1VFSUP(#JEBSU$BNQPTi-BTGVFOUFTEFMEFSFDIPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMZFMQSJODJQJPQSPIPNJOFwFO(#JEBSU$BNQPTZ"OEST(JM%PNOHVF[DPPSETEl derecho constitucional del siglo xxi: diagnstico y perspectivas, #VFOPT"JSFT&EJBSMWBSP'SBODJTDP"NBZB7JMMBSFBMi&MQSJODJQJPQSPIPNJOFJOUFSQSFUBDJOFYUFOTJWBWTFMDPOTFOUJNJFOUPEFM&TUBEPwFORevista Colombiana de Derecho Internacional, O#PHPU1POUJDB6OJWFSTJEBE+BWFSJBOBQQ

39 &MBSUDVMPMJUFSBMCEFMB$"%)QSFTDSJCFRVFOJOHVOBEJTQPTJDJOTVZBQVFEFTFSJOUFSQSFUBEBFOFMTFOUJEPEFiMJNJUBSFMHPDFZFKFSDJDJPEFDVBMRVJFSEFSFDIPPMJCFSUBERVFQVFEBFTUBSSFDPOPDJEPEFBDVFSEPDPOMBTMFZFTEFDVBMRVJFSBEFMPTFTUBEPTQBSUFTPEFBDVFSEPDPOPUSBDPOWFODJOFORVFTFBQBSUFVOPEFEJDIPTFTUBEPTw

40 "SU1*%$1i/JOHVOBEJTQPTJDJOEFMQSFTFOUF1BDUPQPESTFSJOUFSQSFUBEBFOFMTFOUJEPEFDPODFEFSEFSFDIPBMHVOPBVO&TUBEPHSVQPPJOEJWJEVPQBSBFNQSFOEFSBDUJWJEBEFTPSFBMJ[BSBDUPTFODBNJOBEPTBMBEFTUSVDDJOEFDVBMRVJFSBEFMPTEFSFDIPTZMJCFSUBEFTSFDPOPDJEPTFOFM1BDUPPBTVMJNJUBDJOFONBZPSNFEJEBRVFMBQSFWJTUBFOM/PQPESBENJUJSTFSFTUSJDDJOPNFOPTDBCPEFOJOHVOPEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTSFDPOPDJEPTPWJHFOUFTFOVO&TUBEP1BSUFFOWJSUVEEFMFZFTDPOWFODJPOFTSFHMBNFOUPTPDPTUVNCSFTTPQSFUFYUPEFRVFFMQSFTFOUF1BDUPOPMPTSFDPOPDFPMPTSFDPOPDFFONFOPSHSBEPw

41 -BConstitucin de Bolivia de 2009, FOTVBSUDVMP*7EFUFSNJOBRVFiMPTUSBUBEPTZDPOWFOJPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTSBUJDBEPTQPSMB"TBNCMFB-FHJTMBUJWB1MVSJOBDJPOBMRVFSFDPOPDFOMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZRVFQSPICFOTVMJNJUBDJOFOMPT&TUBEPTEF&YDFQDJOQSFWBMFDFOFOFMPSEFOJOUFSOP-PTEFSFDIPTZEFCFSFTDPOTBHSBEPTFOFTUB$POTUJUVDJOTFJOUFSQSFUBSOEFDPOGPSNJEBEDPOMPT5SBUBEPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTSBUJDBEPTQPS#PMJWJBw-B Constitucin de Colombia, FOTVBSUDVMP EFUFSNJOBi-PTUSBUBEPTZDPOWFOJPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTSBUJDBEPTQPSFM$POHSFTPRVFSFDPOPDFOMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZRVFQSPICFOTVMJNJUBDJOFOMPTFTUBEPTEFFYDFQDJOQSFWBMFDFOFOFMPSEFOJOUFSOP-PTEFSFDIPTZEFCFSFTDPOTBHSBEPTFOFTUB$BSUBTFJOUFSQSFUBSOEFDPOGPSNJEBEDPOMPTUSBUBEPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTSBUJDBEPTQPS$PMPNCJBw-B Constitucin ecuatoriana de 2008, FOTVBSUDVMPQSFTDSJCFRVFiFOFMDBTPEFMPTUSBUBEPTZPUSPTJOTUSVNFOUPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTFBQMJDBSOMPTQSJODJQJPTQSPTFSIVNBOPOPSFTUSJDDJOEFEFSFDIPTEFBQMJDBCJMJEBEEJSFDUBZEFDMVTVMBBCJFSUBFTUBCMFDJEPTFOMB$POTUJUVDJOw-Breforma constitucional de Mxico de 2011, FOFMBSUDVMPJODJTPTZEFMB$POTUJUVDJOQSFDJTBi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w-BConstitucin de Repblica Dominicana de 2010,FOTVBSUDVMPOVNFSBMEFUFSNJOBi-PTQPEFSFTQCMJDPTJOUFSQSFUBOZBQMJDBOMBTOPSNBUJWBTSFMBUJWBTBMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTZTVTHBSBOUBTFOFMTFOUJEPNBT


TPOMBinterpretacin conforme con el derecho internacional de los derechos humanosFMprincipio de progresividadFMprincipio pro homine Pfavor personaFOUSFPUSBTSFHMBTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTMPRVFPUPSHBEJSFDUSJDFTQSFDJTBTZTFHVSBTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOBMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFMBNBUFSJBBVODVBOEPFMMBTPQFSBODPNPFMFNFOUPTCTJDPTEFUPEBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTJODMVTPBMOPFODPOUSBSTFQPTJUJWBEBTFOFMUFYUPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMSFTQFDUJWPQPSMBOFDFTBSJBBQMJDBDJOEFMBSUDVMPEFMB$"%)RVFFOUPEPTMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTJOUFHSBFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPZFTEFQSFGFSFOUFBQMJDBDJOQPSTPCSFMBTGVFOUFTGPSNBMFTHFOFSBEBTJOUFSOBNFOUF

&MDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEFCFODPODSFUBSMPDBEBVOPZUPEPTMPTKVFDFTDVBOEPMPTPMJDJUFOMBTQBSUFT1FSPTJFMMBTOPMPEFNBOEBODPOTUJUVZFVOEFCFSEFMKVF[BQMJDBSFMcontrol de convencionalidad ex officiowDPNPTFFYQMJDJUBFOFMDBTPTrabajadores Cesa-dos del Congreso (Aguado Alfaro y otros) vs. Per. &TUBMOFBKVSJTQSVEFODJBMTFNBOUJFOFVOJGPSNFNFOUFIBTUBMBBDUVBMJEBE

-B$*%)FOUJFOEFRVFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTDPOPDFOZEFCFOBQMJDBSFMEFSFDIPDPOWFODJPOBMiura novit curia,42QPSTFSOPTMPEFSFDIPJOUFSOBDJPOBMSBUJDBEPZWJHFOUFEFBQMJDBDJOQSFGFSFOUFTJOPUBNCJOEFSFDIPJOUFSOP1PSUBOUPDBEBWF[RVFVOKVF[EFOUSPEFTVTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFBDVFSEPBMPTQSPDFEJNJFOUPTFTUBCMFDJEPTEFKBEFBQMJDBSFMEFSFDIPDPOWFODJPOBMRVFBTFHVSBMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTEBMVHBSBVOBDUPSSJUPRVFDBSFDFEFWBMPSKVSEJDPTJFOEPVOBDUPDPOUSBSJPBEFSFDIPRVFWVMOFSBEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZHFOFSBSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFM&TUBEPFODVBOUPFMKVF[FTVOBHFOUFEFMNJTNP&TUBEPFTFM&TUBEPKVF[TJFMMPOPTFDPSSJHFFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPBOUFTEFMMFHBSBMTJTUFNBJOUFSBNFSJDBOP

&OFTUBUBSFBEFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEMPTKVFDFTEFCFOUFOFSFODPOTJEFSBDJOMBOPSNBKVSEJDBQPTJUJWBRVFTFFODVFOUSBFOFMUSBUBEPZUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOBVUOUJDBRVFIBFTUBCMFDJEPMB$*%)FOFMNCJUPEFTVDPNQFUFODJBEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOZBQMJDBDJOEFMB$POWFODJOFODVBOUPJOUSQSFUFMUJNPEFMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTZHBSBOUJ[BEPTFOMB$POWFODJO43TFHOMPEJTQVFTUPFOFMMBNJTNBDPNPMPEFUFSNJOBMB$*%)EFTEFFMcaso Almonacid Arellano vs. Chile.-B$PSUFFOUJFOEFRVFTVKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFCFTFSWJSEFCBTFQBSBMBBQMJDBDJOEFMB$"%)"TMPFTUBCMFDFDMBSBNFOUFFO

GBWPSBCMFBMBQFSTPOBUJUVMBSEFMPTNJTNPTZFODBTPEFDPOJDUPFOUSFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTQSPDVSBSOBSNPOJ[BSMPTCJFOFTFJOUFSFTFTQSPUFHJEPTQPSFTUB$POTUJUVDJOw-B$POTUJUVDJOEFM1FSEFFOTVEJTQPTJDJODVBSUBUSBOTJUPSJBEJTQPOFi-BTOPSNBTSFMBUJWBTBMPTEFSFDIPTZBMBTMJCFSUBEFTRVFMB$POTUJUVDJOSFDPOPDFTFJOUFSQSFUBOEFDPOGPSNJEBEDPOMB%FDMBSBDJO6OJWFSTBMEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTZDPOMPTUSBUBEPTZBDVFSEPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFMBTNJTNBTNBUFSJBTSBUJDBEPTQPSFM1FSw-B$POTUJUVDJOEF7FOF[VFMBEFFOTVBSUDVMPEFUFSNJOBi-PTUSBUBEPTQBDUPTZDPOWFODJPOFTSFMBUJWPTBEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTVTDSJUPTZSBUJDBEPTQPS7FOF[VFMBUJFOFOKFSBSRVBDPOTUJUVDJPOBMZQSFWBMFDFOFOFMPSEFOJOUFSOPFOMBNFEJEBFORVFDPOUFOHBOOPSNBTTPCSFTVHPDFZFKFSDJDJPNTGBWPSBCMFTBMBTFTUBCMFDJEBTQPSFTUB$POTUJUVDJOZMBMFZEFMB3FQCMJDBZTPOEFBQMJDBDJOJONFEJBUBZEJSFDUBQPSMPTUSJCVOBMFTZEFNTSHBOPTEFM1PEFS1CMJDPw

42 &MKVF[EJTQPOFEFMBGBDVMUBEZFMEFCFSEFBQMJDBSMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTDPOWFODJPOBMFTFOFMMJUJHJPBVODVBOEPMBTQBSUFTOPMBTJOWPRVFO

43 4PCSFFTUFBTQFDUPWFSBSUDVMPTZEFMB$"%)


EJWFSTBTPUSBTTFOUFODJBTFOUSFFMMBTBoyce y otros vs. BarbadosDVBOEPEFUFSNJOBRVFMPTKVFDFTEFCFOiyUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJOw44"TMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOGPSNVMBEBQPSMB$*%)EFCFFOUFOEFSTFJODPSQPSBEBBMBOPSNBJOUFSQSFUBEBNJFOUSBTFMMBOPDBNCJFEFQPTJDJOEFMBNJTNBNBOFSBDPNPTFFOUJFOEFPQFSBUJWBMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBPEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMSFTQFDUPEFMBOPSNBDPOTUJUVDJPOBMJOUFSQSFUBEBFOBRVFMMPTDBTPTFORVFEJDIBJOUFSQSFUBDJOFTWJODVMBOUF

/PQPEFNPTTJOPDPODPSEBSDPO'FSSFS.BD(SFHPSFOTVWPUPSB[POBEPFOMBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDBTPCabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs. MxicoDVBOEPBSNBRVFiMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$PSUF*%)BERVJFSFAFDBDJBEJSFDUBFOUPEPTMPT&TUBEPTOBDJPOBMFTRVFIBOSFDPOPDJEPFYQSFTBNFOUFTVKVSJTEJDDJODPOJOEFQFOEFODJBEFRVFEFSJWFEFVOBTVOUPEPOEFOPIBOQBSUJDJQBEPGPSNBMNFOUFDPNPAQBSUFNBUFSJBM-PBOUFSJPSEFCJEPBMPTFGFDUPTEFMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMJOUFSQSFUBEBRVFQSPEVDFAFGFDUPTFYQBOTJWPTEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBDPOWFODJPOBMZOPTMPFDBDJBTVCKFUJWBQBSBMBUVUFMBEFMEFSFDIPZMJCFSUBEFOVODBTPQBSUJDVMBSTPNFUJEPBTVDPNQFUFODJBw45

&MDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJNQMJDBRVFUPEPTMPTKVFDFTEFMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMB$POWFODJOFODVBOUPFYQSFTJOEFM&TUBEPKVF[TFFODVFOUSBOWJODVMBEPTQPSTUBDPNPBTJNJTNPQPSMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTEFMNFODJPOBEPJOTUSVNFOUP&MMPJNQMJDBRVFMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMTJTUFNBEFCFOBTVNJSNTBMMEFM&TUBEPFTQFDDPEJSFDUBNFOUFPCMJHBEPQPSMBSFTQFDUJWBTFOUFODJBEFBDVFSEPBMBSUDVMPOVNFSBMEFMB$"%)MBratio decidendiPholdingEFMBTFOUFODJBFODVBOUPJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEJHOBZBVUOUJDBEFMB$POWFODJOFNBOBEBEFTVJOUSQSFUFOBM&TUPDPOTUJUVZFVOBQPSUFKVSJTQSVEFODJBMEFMB$*%)BMEFTBSSPMMPEFMTJTUFNBJOUFSBNFSJDBOPMPRVFBMHVOPTBVUPSFTIBOMMBNBEPiJOUFSQSFUBDJONVUBUJWBQPSBEJDJOw461BSBGBDJMJUBSMBFDBDJBHFOFSBMcon efectos de norma interpretada, que tienen los fallos de la CIDHMB$"%)FOTVBSUDVMPFTUBCMFDFRVFFMGBMMPBEFNTEFOPUJDBSTFBM&TUBEPQBSUFPCKFUPEFMBDPOUSPWFSTJBEFCFUBNCJOTFSiUSBOTNJUJEPBMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFEFMB$POWFODJOwDPOFMPCKFUPEFRVFUFOHBOVODPOPDJNJFOUPBDBCBEPEFMCMPRVFDPOWFODJPOBMJOUFSQSFUBEPQPSMB$*%)DPNPJOUSQSFUFOBMEFMcorpus jurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOP

&OFTUFQMBOPFTOFDFTBSJPQSFDJTBSRVFFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBERVFFYJHFMB$*%)RVFSFBMJDFOMPTUSJCVOBMFTEPNTUJDPTFTFMRVFdebeFKFSDFSUPEPKVF[EFVO

44 $PSUF*%)Caso Boyce y otros vs. BarbadosQSSBGPAlmonacid Arellano y otros vs. ChileQSSBGP

45 &EVBSEP'FSSFS.BD(SFHPS7PUPSB[POBEPFOFMDBTP Cabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs. Mxico,FYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP

46 7BMFOUOVSZ$PSOFKPi-BSFWJTJOEFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEJGVTPZMBJEFOUJEBEJOTUJUVDJPOBMEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBwEPDVNFOUPJOEJUPQSFTFOUBEPBMBT+PSOBEBT"SHFOUJOP$IJMFOP1FSVBOP6SVHVBZBTEF"TPDJBDJPOFTEF%FSFDIP$POTUJUVDJPOBM.POUFWJEFP6SVHVBZPDUVCSFEFQ


&TUBEPQBSUFaplicando como estndar mnimo los derechos y garantas contenidos en los derechos asegurados por la CADHMPRVFDPOTUJUVZFVOcontrol diferente y distinto del control de constitucionalidad

$PODPSEBNPTDPO-VDDIFUUJDVBOEPTUFEFTUBDBMBMBCPSEFMKVF[FOMBQSPUFDDJOZHBSBOUBEFMPTEFSFDIPTDPOWFODJPOBMFTFKFSDJFOEPEFPDJPFMDPOUSPMKVEJDJBMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEiZQBSBDVNQMJSDPOFTUFNBOEBUPFMKVF[EFM&TUBEPQBSUFEFCFBHVEJ[BS BMNYJNPTVJNBHJOBDJODPOFMQSPQTJUPEFFODPOUSBSFMPMPTDBNJOPTBUBMFTOFTUPNBOEPDPNPQVOUPEFQBSUJEBMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOZBEBEBBFTPTEFSFDIPTZHBSBOUBTQPSMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBZEFNTFTUEFDJSRVFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMPTKVFDFTEFVO&TUBEPQBSUFEFCFFTUBSFOFTUSJDUBDPOTPOBODJBDPOMPQSFTDSJUPFOFMBSUDVMPEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBw47

&OFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJOUFSOPTFDPODSFUBVOBFTQFDJFEFDPNVOJDBDJOJOUFSKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFOUSFMB$*%)ZMPTUSJCVOBMFTOBDJPOBMFTEFUPEPPSEFO48VOBJOUFSBDDJORVFUJFOFVODBSDUFSNTCJFOWFSUJDBMQPSMBQPTJDJOEFDPOUSPMOBMRVFEFTBSSPMMBMB$PSUFSFTQFDUPEFMBBQMJDBDJOEFMPTEFSFDIPTFGFDUVBEBQPSMBTKVSJTEJDDJPOFTEPNTUJDBT

-B$*%)CVTDBRVFMPTUSJCVOBMFTEPNTUJDPTJNQMFNFOUFOMBEPDUSJOBEFMTFHVJNJFOUPEFTVKVSJTQSVEFODJBDPOFTDBTPNBSHFOEFBQSFDJBDJOQBSBMPTUSJCVOBMFTOBDJPOBMFT&MVTPRVFFMMBIBDFEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMPTUSJCVOBMFTEPNTUJDPTFOTVTTFOUFODJBTFTMBEFEFTUBDBSMPTGBMMPTOBDJPOBMFTRVFDVNQMFODPOMPTFTUOEBSFTEFOJEPTQPSFMMBDPNPMPFYQMJDJUBFOFMDBTPGelman vs. UruguaySFTQFDUPEFMPTGBMMPTEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEFM6SVHVBZTPCSFMB-FZEFDBEVDJEBEEFMBQSFUFOTJOQVOJUJWBEFM&TUBEPDPNPMPTGBMMPTEFPUSPTUSJCVOBMFTMBUJOPBNFSJDBOPTTPCSFMBNJTNBNBUFSJB49

"TVWF[QVFEFTFBMBSTFRVFMBMOFBKVSJTQSVEFODJBMEFMB$*%)KVOUPDPOSFTPMWFSMPTDBTPTDPODSFUPTEFWJPMBDJOEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTIBDPOUSJCVJEPBRVFMPT&TUBEPTJOOPWFOFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPSFUJSBOEPOPSNBUJWBTJODPOWFODJPOBMFTDPNPBTJNJTNPQPTJCJMJUBOEPNFKPSBSDPNPTFBMB"CSBNPWJDIiMBTDPOEJDJPOFTFTUSVDUVSBMFTRVFHBSBOUJ[BOMBFGFDUJWJEBEEFMPTEFSFDIPTBOJWFMOBDJPOBMw50

47 "MCFSUP-VDDIFUUJi-PTKVFDFTZBMHVOPTDBNJOPTEFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFO4VTBOB"MCBOFTFDPPSEEl control de convencionalidad, #VFOPT"JSFT&EJBSQ

48 7FSWPUPDPODVSSFOUFEF&EVBSEP'FSSFS.BD(SFHPSFOMBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDBTP Cabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs. Mxico,FYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPWFSUBNCJO%JFHP(BSDB4BZOi6OBWJWBJOUFSBDDJO$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBZ5SJCVOBMFT*OUFSOPTwFOLa Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: un cuarto de siglo: 1979-20044BO+PT$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTQQ

49 $PSUF*%)Caso Gelman vs. Uruguay, GPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP

50 7DUPS"CSBNPWJDIi%FMBTWJPMBDJPOFTNBTJWBTBMPTQBUSPOFTFTUSVDUVSBMFTFMOVFWPFOGPRVFZDMTJDBTUFOTJPOFTFOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTFOSur-Revista Internacio-nal de Derechos HumanosWPMOQXXXSFWJTUBTVSPSHIUUQXXXTVSKPVSOBMPSHFTQDPOUFVEPTHFU"SUJHPQIQ BSUJHPBSUJHP@IUN


&MEFTBSSPMMPEFFTUFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJOUFSOPFYJHFVOFTGVFS[PEFDBQBDJUBDJOFOFMBEFDVBEPDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBQPSQBSUFEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTEFUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTKFSBSRVBZNBUFSJBBMJHVBMRVFVODJFSUPNBOFKPEFMBEJONJDBEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBDPOWFODJPOBM

3. El dilogo ascendente de los tribunales nacionales con la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

"TVNJFOEPFMcorpus iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPZMPTNUPEPTJOUFSQSFUBUJWPTEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTFQVFEFOFTUBCMFDFSMBTCBTFTEFVOEJMPHPEPOEFFMKVF[JOUFSOPUJFOFEJWFSTBTPQDJPOFTFOUSFMBTDVBMFTFMFHJSQBSBDPODSFUBSFTUFEJMPHPDPOMB$*%)QPSNFEJPEFTVTSFTPMVDJPOFTKVEJDJBMFTRVFSFTVFMWFOMJUJHJPTRVFQPESOPOPMMFHBSB4BO+PTEF$PTUB3JDB

&OFTUFEJMPHPJOUFSKVSJTEJDDJPOBMBQBSUJSEFMBKVEJDBUVSBPSEJOBSJBPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMJOUFSOBEFM&TUBEPQBSUFDPOMB$*%)FMKVF[OBDJPOBMQVFEFEFTBSSPMMBSEJWFSTBTIJQUFTJTJOUFSQSFUBUJWBTBTBCFS51BMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOFYUFOTJWBCMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOJOOPWBEPSBDMBJOUFSQSFUBDJODPSSFDUJWBEMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOSFDFQUJWBFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOOFVUSBMJ[BEPSBZGMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEJTDPSEBOUF

3.1. La interpretacin extensiva

&MKVF[OBDJPOBMQVFEFEFTBSSPMMBSVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOFYUFOTJWBRVFQVFEFMMFWBSMPNTBMMEFMPTBMDBODFTEFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFTBSSPMMBEBQPSMB$*%)&MKVF[OBDJPOBMQVFEFBTVNJSBTVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMB$POWFODJORVFGBWPSFDFVOBBNQMJBDJOEFMDBNQPEFBQMJDBDJOEFMEFSFDIPHBSBOUJ[BEPZFODPOTFDVFODJBTPNFUJFOEPBMSFTQFUPEFFTUFEFSFDIPTJUVBDJPOFTRVFIBOTJEPBOBMJ[BEBTDPOVOBMDBODFNFOPSIBTUBFMQSFTFOUFQPSMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)FOBQMJDBDJOEFMcorpus iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOP52

4FDPODSFUBBTVOJOUFSDBNCJPCJMBUFSBMPNVMUJMBUFSBMNFEJBOUFVOPPNTUSJCVOBMFTOBDJPOBMFTPSEJOBSJPTPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTFOFMFOUSFMB[BNJFOUPEFQSPQTJUPTFOVONJTNPDPMPRVJPRVFSFQPTBTPCSFVOSFGPS[BNJFOUPEFDBEBVOPEFMPTUSJCVOBMFTQBSUJDJQBOUFTEFMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMB$POWFODJOZMB$*%)FOTVDPOWJDDJOEFDPOTUSVJSTPMVDJPOFTNFEJBOUFVOFTGVFS[PDPNOEJBMPHBEPEFGPSUBMFDJNJFOUPEFMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFT-BTTPMVDJPOFTJOOPWBEPSBTEFMBKVEJDBUVSBOBDJPOBMQPESOJOVJSFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBGVUVSBEFMB$*%)QBSBMPRVFEFCFSFTQFSBSTFRVFFMKVF[

51 7FS'SESJD4VESFi"WBOUQSPQPTwFO77""Le dialogue des juges,.POUQFMMJFS*OTUJUVUEF%SPJUEFT%SPJUTEF-)PNNF$BIJFSTEF-*%&%)O6OJWFSTJUEF.POUQFMMJFS*'BDVMUEF%SPJUQQ

52 &OVOTFOUJEPTJNJMBSQBSBFMTJTUFNBFVSPQFPWFS.BEFMFJOF$PMPNCJOFi-BOUJDJQBUJPO.BOJGFTUBUJPOEVOEJBMPHVFAWSBJFOUSFKVHFOBDJPOBMFUKVHFFVSPQFO wFO77""Le dialogue des juges,.POUQFMMJFS*OTUJUVUEF%SPJUEFT%SPJUTEFM-)PNNF$BIJFSTEF-*%&%)O6OJWFSTJUEF.POUQFMMJFS*'BDVMUEF%SPJUQ


JOUFSBNFSJDBOPDPOP[DBVODBTPTJNJMBSBMSFTVFMUPFOMPTQMBOPTOBDJPOBMFTQPSMPRVFFMEJMPHPNJFOUSBTFMMPOPPDVSSBTFSTMPVOEJMPHPQPUFODJBM4JMB$*%)DPOTJEFSBMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBOBDJPOBMFOVODBTPRVFFMMBDPOPDFQPTUFSJPSNFOUFFMEJMPHPTFSFOUPODFTFGFDUJWPTFBBQSPCBUPSJPPSFQSPCBUPSJPEFMBBDUVBDJOEFMBKVEJDBUVSBOBDJPOBM

3.2. La interpretacin innovadora

&MKVF[OBDJPOBMNFEJBOUFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOJOOPWBEPSBQVFEFBCPSEBSBMHVOPTEFSFDIPTDPOUFOJEPTFOMB$"%)TPCSFMPTDVBMFTMB$*%)QVFEFOPIBCFSFNJUJEPQSPOVODJBNJFOUPTIBTUBFMQSFTFOUF&OUBMIJQUFTJTFMKVF[OBDJPOBMTFFOGSFOUBBQSPCMFNBTFOMPTRVFEFCFSDSFBSVOBTPMVDJOKVSJTQSVEFODJBMJOEJUBDPOTJEFSBOEPFMcorpus iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPFOMPTRVFQVFEFMJCFSBSTFEFMBTFSWJEVNCSFEFMBMFZOBDJPOBMSFBMJ[BOEPVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMJOEJUBDPOMBDVBMGSBORVFBFMEFSFDIPMFHJTMBEPJOUFSOPZBCSFMBWBBMEJMPHPDPOFMKVF[EFMB$*%)BUSBWTEFVOEJMPHPBTDFOEFOUFFMDVBMRVFEBTVTQFOEJEPIBTUBRVFMB$*%)DPOPDJFOEPEFVODBTPBOMPHPDPOSNFPSFWJFSUBMBEFDJTJOBEPQUBEBQPSFMKVF[OBDJPOBM

-BFNBODJQBDJOJOUFSQSFUBUJWBEFMKVF[OBDJPOBMMMFHBBTVNYJNBFYQSFTJODVBOEPTUFJOOPWBDVBOEPDPOGSPOUBEPBMTJMFODJPEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)DFOTVSBVOBOPSNBOBDJPOBMCBKPFMGVOEBNFOUPEJSFDUPEFMB$"%)FTUBCMFDJFOEPVOBEFDJTJOGVOEBEBTPCSFVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFMQSPQPOFEFMB$POWFODJO"TFMKVF[OBDJPOBMJOJDJBVOEJMPHPDPOFMKVF[JOUFSBNFSJDBOPRVFQVFEFTFSQPUFODJBMPFGFDUJWPDPOMB$*%)

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

"USBWTEFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJODPOWFODJPOBMRVFSFBMJ[BFMKVF[OBDJPOBMPSEJOBSJPPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMTUFQVFEFFOTVJOUFSQSFUBDJOPUPSHBSVOBMDBODFNTBNQMJPBMPTBUSJCVUPTRVFJOUFHSBOVOEFSFDIPHBSBOUJ[BEPPEFUFSNJOBSDPONBZPSQSFDJTJOFMBMDBODFEFVOBMJNJUBDJOSFTUSJDUJWBEFVOEFSFDIPGVOEBNFOUBMDPNPUBNCJOJODPSQPSBSNUPEPTZFOGPRVFTJOUFSQSFUBUJWPTDPOGVOEBNFOUPFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT

&OMBIJQUFTJTBOUFTTFBMBEBFMKVF[OBDJPOBMTFFOGSFOUBBQSPCMFNBTFOMPTRVFEFCFSDSFBSVOBTPMVDJOKVSJTQSVEFODJBMJOEJUBDPOTJEFSBOEPFMcorpus iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPFOMPTRVFQVFEFMJCFSBSTFEFMBTFSWJEVNCSFEFMBMFZOBDJPOBMSFBMJ[BOEP

53 7FSTFOUFODJBTEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMDIJMFOPFOUSFFMMBTMBTTFOUFODJBTSPMOEFZSPMOEF


VOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMJOEJUBDPOMBDVBMGSBORVFBFMEFSFDIPMFHJTMBEPJOUFSOPZBCSFMBWBBMEJMPHPDPOFMKVF[EFMB$*%)BUSBWTEFVOEJMPHPBTDFOEFOUFFMDVBMRVFEBTVTQFOEJEPIBTUBRVFMB$PSUFBMDPOPDFSEFVODBTPBOMPHPDPOSNFPSFWJFSUBMBEFDJTJOBEPQUBEBQPSFMKVF[OBDJPOBM

-BFNBODJQBDJOJOUFSQSFUBUJWBEFMKVF[OBDJPOBMMMFHBBTVNYJNBFYQSFTJODVBOEPTUFJOOPWBDVBOEPDPOGSPOUBEPBMTJMFODJPEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)DFOTVSBVOBOPSNBOBDJPOBMBQMJDBOEPQSFGFSFOUFNFOUFFMcorpus iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPCBKPFMGVOEBNFOUPEJSFDUPEFMB$"%)FTUBCMFDJFOEPVOBEFDJTJOGVOEBEBTPCSFVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFMQSPQPOFEFFTUFMUJNP"TFMKVF[OBDJPOBMJOJDJBVOEJMPHPDPOFMKVF[JOUFSBNFSJDBOPRVFQVFEFTFSQPUFODJBMPFGFDUJWPDPOMB$*%)4FSQPUFODJBMTJTUBOPDPOPDFOVODBEFMDBTPZTFSFGFDUJWPTJFMMBMMFHBBDPOPDFSEFEJDIPDBTPPBTVNFEJDIBTPMVDJOFOPUSPDBTP

3.3. La interpretacin correctiva o receptiva

-Binterpretacin correctivaFTBRVFMMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTRVFTBDBMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTEFVOBDPOEFOBQPSMB$*%)EFM&TUBEPQBSUFMPRVFHFOFSBVODBNCJPFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBOBDJPOBMQSBDUJDBOEPVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJODPOGPSNFBMEFSFDIPDPOWFODJPOBM

.TBMMEFMBWPMVOUBERVFEFCFNPTQSFTVNJSEFCVFOBGFRVFUJFOFOMPTKVFDFTEFBTFHVSBSFDB[NFOUFFMFKFSDJDJPEFMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTFMBMJOFBNJFOUPEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBDPOTUJUVZFVOBHBSBOUBEFFWJUBSUBOUPDPNPTFBQPTJCMFVOBDPOEFOBEFMB$*%)QPSEFTBSSPMMBSFMKVF[OBDJPOBMVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFOPBMDBO[BFMFTUOEBSNOJNPFYJHJEPQPSFMMB&TUBFTMBDPOEVDUBFTQFSBEBEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTFOWJSUVEEFMNBOEBUPJNQFSBUJWPEFMBSUDVMPJODJTPEFMB$POTUJUVDJOZFMDVNQMJNJFOUPQSFWBMFOUFEFMPTBSUDVMPTZEFMB$"%)BEFNTEFMBTOPSNBTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTDPOUFOJEBTFOFMMBFOTVBSUDVMPBTVNJFOEPFMQSJODJQJPJOUFSQSFUBUJWPpro hominePiGBWPSQFSTPOBwRVFFTMBDMBWFCTJDBEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOFONBUFSJBEFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFT

-BSFTQVFTUBEFMPTUSJCVOBMFTPSEJOBSJPTDIJMFOPTIBTJEPBQMJDBSFMFTUOEBSNOJNPKBEPQPSMB$*%)EFTQVTEFMBTFOUFODJBEFLa ltima tentacin de Cristo,OPBQMJDBOEPNTDFOTVSBKVEJDJBMQSFWJBBUSBWTEFNFEJEBTDBVUFMBSFTPTFOUFODJBTFONBUFSJBEFMJCFSUBEEFFYQSFTJOBEFNTEFMBDBUBNJFOUPEFM&TUBEPFOFMDBTPFTQFDDPNPEJDBOEPFMJODJTPOBMEFMBSUDVMPOEFMB$POTUJUVDJO

&MMPTFSFQJUFFOFMDBTPAlmonacid Arellano vs. Chile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

"TFMKVF[OBDJPOBMEFDVBMRVJFSKVSJTEJDDJOPJOTUBODJBDVBOEPEFCFDPOPDFSEFVOMJUJHJPPHFTUJOKVEJDJBMFOMBDVBMVOBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)IBEFUFSNJOBEPRVFMBMFZJOUFSOBWJPMBMB$POWFODJOZMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTFFODVFOUSBFOGSFOUBEPBVOBEFDJTJOMBEFBQMJDBSQSFGFSFOUFNFOUFFMEFSFDIPIVNBOPZMB$POWFODJOFOWJSUVEEFMBTPCMJHBDJPOFTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTEFMBSUDVMPJODJTPZFMBSUDVMPOJODJTPEFMB$POTUJUVDJOFOBSNPOBDPOMPTBSUDVMPTZEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTTJHVJFOEPMPTFTUOEBSFTNOJNPTFYJHJEPTQPSMB$*%)PEFTBBSBTUBZBMQSPQJPEFSFDIPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMDIJMFOPBQMJDBOEPMBMFZOBDJPOBMRVFTFFODVFOUSBQPSEFCBKPEFMPTFTUOEBSFTNOJNPTEFMcorpus iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPZRVFFMMFHJTMBEPSBOOPIBNPEJDBEPTBCJFOEPEFBOUFNBOPRVFFMMPBSSJFTHBVOBDPOEFOBEFM&TUBEPDIJMFOPQPSWVMOFSBDJOEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTFOWJSUVEEFMBBDUVBDJOEFM&TUBEPKVF[

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

3.4. La interpretacin receptiva

-Binterpretacin receptivaEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTFTBRVFMMBRVFTFDPOGPSNBBMBratio decidendiEFMBTTFOUFODJBTEFDPOEFOBEFPUSPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMB$"%)QPSWJPMBDJOEFTUBUPNBOEPMBJOJDJBUJWBEFDBNCJBSTVQSPQJBKVSJTQSVEFODJBTJOFTQFSBSRVFFM&TUBEPQBSUFTFBDPOEFOBEPQPSWJPMBDJOEFMcorpus iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPQBSBIBDFSMPDPNPBTJNJTNPBNQMJBOEPMPTBUSJCVUPTZHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTDPOCBTFFOMPTFTUOEBSFTNOJNPTKBEPTQPSMB$*%)EFKBOEPBTTVIVFMMBTPCSFFM


EFSFDIPJOUFSOPDPNQMFUOEPMPPBQMJDBOEPQSFGFSFOUFNFOUFFMEFSFDIPDPOWFODJPOBMTPSUFBOEPMBTTJUVBDJPOFTEFJODPOWFODJPOBMJEBEPFTUBCMFDJFOEPFTUOEBSFTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTOPDPOUFOJEPTFYQMDJUBNFOUFFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPDPNPFMQSJODJQJPGBWPSQFSTPOBPFMQSJODJQJPEFQSPHSFTJWJEBEFMEFSB[POBCJMJEBEZEFQSPQPSDJPOBMJEBEFOUSFNVDIPTPUSPT

1VFEFTFBMBSTFRVFFTUFFTFMDBNJOPEFTBSSPMMBEPQPSFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMDIJMFOPDVBOEPBQMJDBFMQSJODJQJPpro hominePGBWPSQFSTPOBEFTBSSPMMBEPQPSMBPQJOJODPOTVMUJWBOEFMB$*%)FOBQMJDBDJOEFMBSUDVMPEFMB$"%)FOMBTFOUFODJBTVTFOUFODJBTPCSFMB-&(&EF i2VFQPSPUSBQBSUFFOFMFKFSDJDJPEFTVTGVODJPOFTFTUF5SJCVOBMEFCFCVTDBSBRVFMMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFTFBWFOHBNFKPSDPOFMSFTQFUPEFMPTEFSFDIPTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFT"TMPIBTPTUFOJEPi&OUBMTFOUJEPQBSFDFJOFMVEJCMFUFOFSQSFTFOUFFMQSJODJQJPAQSPIPNJOFPAGBWPSMJCFSUBUJTEFOJEPFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTEFMBTJHVJFOUFGPSNBA&OUSFEJWFSTBTPQDJPOFTTFIBEFFTDPHFSMBRVFSFTUSJOHFFONFOPSFTDBMBFMEFSFDIPQSPUFHJEPEFCFQSFWBMFDFSMBOPSNBNTGBWPSBCMFBMBQFSTPOBIVNBOBw0QJOJO$POTVMUJWBSPMw54

&OTFOUFODJBSPMOEFEFPDUVCSFEFFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMVUJMJ[OVFWBNFOUFFMQPTUVMBEPEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOGBWPSQFSTPOBpro homine

BQMJDOEPMPFONBUFSJBEFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTFOTVDPOTJEFSBOEP&OTFOUFODJBEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMSPMOEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTPCSFBQMJDBCJMJEBEEFMBSUDVMPEFM$EJHP$JWJMFMWPUPDPODVSSFOUFEFMPTNJOJTUSPT$BSNPOB'FSOOEF['SFEFT(BSDBZ7JFSB(BMMPBQMJDBel principio favor homine y favor libertatisBMSFGFSJSTFBMBTOPSNBTDPOWFODJPOBMFTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFM1*%$1ZMB$"%)TPCSFFMEFSFDIPBDPOUSBFSNBUSJNPOJP

&M5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMFOFMSPMOEFTPCSFFMDBTPEFJODPOTUJUVDJPOBMJEBEEFMNPWJNJFOUP1BUSJB/VFWB4PDJFEBEBTVNJMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDPOTJEFSBOEPRVFDPOTJEFSBMBMJCFSUBEEFFYQSFTJODPNPiVONFEJPQBSBFMJOUFSDBNCJPEFJEFBTFJOGPSNBDJPOFTFOUSFMBTQFSTPOBTQPSMPRVFDPNQSFOEFBEFNTEFMEFSFDIPBDPNVOJDBSFMEFSFDIPBDPOPDFSPQJOJPOFTSFMBUPTZOPUJDJBTTFBMBOEPRVFFMEFSFDIPBDPOPDFSMBJOGPSNBDJOZPQJOJOBKFOBUJFOFUBOUBJNQPSUBODJBDPNPFMEFSFDIPBEJGVOEJSMBQSPQJBwJOWPDBOEPBUBMFGFDUPMBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDBTPPalamara Iribarne vs. Chile, FOTVTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEF

&M5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMEFUFSNJOBSRVFDPOGPSNFBMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)ZFM5&%)OPQVFEFMJNJUBSTFMBFYQSFTJOEFJEFBTiBVORVFJSSJUFOBMBSNFOTPSQSFOEBOPJORVJFUFOBMBTBVUPSJEBEFTDPNPMPIBOTFBMBEPFM5SJCVOBM&VSPQFPEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT1BSUJ$PNNVOJTUF6OJEF5VSRVJFFUBVUSFD5VSRVJFQZ3FGBI1BSUJTJFUBVUSFTD5VSRVJFQw

-VFHPFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMFOFMDPOTJEFSBOEPEFMBTFOUFODJBSFSJOEPTFBMBTOPSNBTRVFTBODJPOFOMBBQPMPHBEFMPEJPBTVNJFOEPUBNCJOMPTFTUOEBSFT

54 4FOUFODJBEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMSPMOEFEFNBZPEFDPOTJEFSBOEP


EFMB$*%)KBEPTFOMBTFOUFODJBCastillo Petruzzi y otros vs. Per,QSFDJTiRVFFOMBFMBCPSBDJOEFMPTUJQPTQFOBMFTFTQSFDJTPVUJMJ[BSUSNJOPTFTUSJDUPTZVOWPDPTRVFBDPUFODMBSBNFOUFMBTDPOEVDUBTQVOJCMFTEBOEPQMFOPTFOUJEPBMQSJODJQJPEFMFHBMJEBEQFOBMwDBTPCastillo Petruzzi y otros,Q"HSFHRVFMBBNCJHFEBEEFMBMFZQPESBiBCSJSFMDBNJOPBUPEBTVFSUFEFBSCJUSBSJFEBEFTQPSQBSUFEFMBBVUPSJEBEQVFTUBMDPNPIBSB[POBEPFTUF5SJCVOBMAUPEPTMPTDPODFQUPTRVFFNQMFBMBMFZDPOMBFYDFQDJOEFMBTDJGSBTGFDIBTNFEJEBTZTJNJMBSFTBENJUFOFONBZPSPNFOPSNFEJEBWBSJPTTJHOJDBEPTwDPOTJEFSBOEP"TFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMSFBMJ[BVOBinterpretacin receptivaEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)NFEJBOUFMBasimilacin de la ratio decidendiEFMBTFOUFODJBEFMDBTPCastillo Petruzzi y otros vs. Per.

1PSTVQBSUFMB4BMB1FOBMEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBIBEFTBSSPMMBEPVOBMOFBCBTUBOUFDPOTJTUFOUFEFSFDFQDJOEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDBTP Almonacid Arellano vs. ChileEFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEFBQBSUJSEFEJDJFNCSFEFRVFTFJOBVHVSBDPOMBTTFOUFODJBTEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJB4BMB1FOBMSPMOEFMEFEJDJFNCSFEFZSPMOEFMEFNBS[PEF

$POTUJUVZFVOBTFOUFODJBNPEMJDBFOMBNJTNBQFSTQFDUJWBMBEFTBSSPMMBEBQPSMB$PSUFEF"QFMBDJPOFTEF3BODBHVBEFMEFFOFSPEFSPMOFOFMDBTPAlmonacid Arellano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3.6. La interpretacin francamente discordante del tribunal nacional de la normativa convencional y la interpretacin de sta realizada por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

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4. El n del dilogo interjurisdiccional entre tribunales nacionales y Corte Interamericana

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5. Diferencias entre control de convencionalidad y control de constitucionalidad

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Diálogo Interjurisdiccional y Control de Convencionalidad

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