El deseo de la libertad y la cuestion del otro - · PDF file^gUZS bad dWhWdf[d g`S dWbdWe[s`...

$& #$,$) #$ & &%!$+- #/ &

".$,-%)( #$& )-+)

$(, /), "$+" #$ & *),')#$+(%# # $& *)#$+ / &

,)"%$# #

!2640596 71383

y 8;D@7C?D 7H:?J?HF WV[U[a`We( 9H?J;H?E;' L' >SWVa -+0' 7egÙ[s` & FSdSYgSkJWôX'3 21 )-) & +)1 02*J7F73 EehS^Va IS^Wdà% Ä9S`VSVaeÅ% *20-';V[U[s` S^ Ug[VSVa VW @gS` <' ImÙZWlJ[dSVS3 0.) W\W_b^SdWe% IWf[W_TdW% *212>WUZa W^ VWbse[fa cgW WefST^WUW ^S ^Wk'

;` dWUgWdVa VW HSXSW^ 8SddWff% Za_TdW ^[TdW'

7VDIPT EF OPTPUSPT MFJNPT MPT FTDSJUPT EF ;BGBFM ,BSSFUU#

FM BOBSRVJTUB FTQB`PM RVF TF JOTUBMa FO FM :BSBHVBZ B

DPNJFO[PT EF TJHMP% 0VJNPT TFEVDJEPT QPS FM W^SUJHP EF TV

QSPTB JSSFWFSFOUF# QFSP UBNCJÔ OPT FTUSFNFDJa TV FN$

CSJBHVF[ DPO MB WJEB# QVFTUB EF NBOJGJFTUP FO TV QBTJaO QPS

MB MJCFSUBE Z DPNQSPNJTP DPO MB JHVBMEBE% +MHVOPT BVO

DSFFNPT FO FTPT WBMPSFT# Z USBUBNPT RVF DPOUJObFO

SFWFSCFSBOEP FO OVFTUSP DPNQPSUBNJFOUP%

.

;?6;57

?' ;B :;I;E :; B7 B?8;HJ7:'"BS V[SôUf[US k ^S UgWef[s` VW^ Efda#'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

*' BS SbgWefS''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+' BSe bdW_[eSe''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''',' Bae Uada^Sd[ae'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''-' 7^Yg`Se UaèWUgWÙ[Se''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''.' B[TWdSU[s` Ua_a d[WeYa''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''/' ;^W_W`fae VW Udqf[US'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

??' ;B ;IGK;C7 DEHC7&:?<;H;D9?7O BEI C?9HEFE:;H;I'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

*' :a_[`[ae dWYg^SVae% àd_S^[VSV kV[XWdWÙ[S''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

+' ;Uaà_qS VW ^S abdWe[s`% ^sY[US VW ^S[VW`f[VSV'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

,' EbU[s` bad â _u^f[b^W3 ^S UgWef[s`hSâdSf[hS'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

-' HWe[efWÙ[Se k ^S dWS^[VSV VW^ baVWd3 ^SUgWef[s` VW ^S SUU[s`''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

.' Bae _[UdabaVWdWe3 g` STS`[Ua VW U[dUg[faeàd_S&V[XWdWÙ[S''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

???' B7 FEICE:;HD?:7: 9ECE 9EH;E=H7&<?7 :; B7 9ECFB;@?:7:''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

*' CaVWd`[VSV k bae_aVW_[VSV'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+' HgbfgdS $ dWe[Vgae 5 Ua_b^W\[lSU[s`''''''''''''''''''''

0

FdsâYa3 B?8;HJ7:% IK8@;J?L?:7: O JEB;H7D9?7' )

!)

"!"""&#!###'

$#

$&

%

%$

%&

&!

&'

&)'"

,' ;jUW`fd[U[VSV VW^ baVWd'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''-' :[XWdWÙ[S% [VW`f[VSV% Sgfaà_qS'''''''''''''''''''''''''''.' BS bafWÙ[S WjbSè[hS VW â eaU[S^'''''''''''''''''''''''''

?L' KD7 =H7C7J?97 FEICE:;HD7 F7H7F;DI7H BE IE9?7B'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

*' ?`fWÙ[a`S^[VSV k Ç_aVae VW hWdÉ''''''''''''''''''''''''''+' 9dqf[US k dgbfgdS''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''',' HSU[a`S^[lSU[s`% eWY_W`fSU[s`%

WebUU[S^[e_ae''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''-' C[UdaXqe[US% baVWd% fafS^[VSV eaU[S^''''''''''''''''''''''''.' IaU[WVSV(â eaU[S^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''/' Fa^qf[US VW âe WebSU[ae ?3 ZSUWd eaU[WVSV'''''''''''''''0' Fa^qf[US VW âe WebSU[ae ??3 ba^qf[US k

eaU[WVSV''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

L' 8?8B?E=H7<?7''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1

'$'&''

(!

(#(&

)#)&! ! $

! &

!!!

FHEBE=E

=RKNY[JM# Z\KSN[R]RMJM [WTNYJVLRJ%

;^ Zad[la`fW VW ^Se ^[TWdfSVWe bWdea`S^We eW ZS [VaS_b^[S`Va W` W^ Ugdea VW âe u^f[_ae e[Yâe% WjbS`V[W`Va Ua` W^â^Se bae[T[^[VSVWe VW fa^WdSÙ[S Ua` â V[XWdW`fW' FSdf[Ug^Sd_W`fWe[ eW b[WèS cgW ZS` ZST[Va obaUSe W` ^Se UgS^We ^S h[VS Uaf[V[S`SVW ^S YW`fW WefSTS _SdUSVS bad dqY[VSe WefdgUfgdSe WefS_W`fS^We%bad W^ USdmUfWd STea^gf[efS k EJWJOP VW ^S Sgfad[VSV ba^qf[US a bad^Se h[e[a`We fWa^sY[USe cgW UaV[X[USTS` S^ _g`Va W` fod_[àe VWg`S dWS^[VSV Wefmf[US k UWddSVS'

BSe Ua`cg[efSe W` _SfWd[S VW ^[TWdfSVWe SVabfS` g`S YdS`V[hWde[VSV VW Xad_Se k VW dWS^[lSU[a`We UaÙdWfSe W` V[XWdW`fWebSqeWe k WeXWdSe a m_T[fae eaU[S^We' ;^^Se fdSèXad_S` dSV[US^&_W`fW W^ Zad[la`fW VW WjbWUfSf[hSe k VW bae[T[^[VSVWe [`V[h[&VgS^We' Fad Ua`fdSefW% ZSk bSqeWe W` âe UgS^We ^Se WjbWd[WÙ[SeSgfad[fSd[Se ~eWS W` â ba^qf[Ua a W` ^S Ua`h[hWÙ[S Uaf[V[S`S~^[_[fS` W^ VWeSdda^â VW ^Se ^[TWdfSVWe k VWeWef[_g^S` ^S fa^WdSÙ[SUa` â V[XWdW`fW% bad â UgS^ g`S S_b^[S YS_S VW ^[TWdfSVWebWd_S`WUW W` W^ fWddWà VW ^Se WjbWUfSf[hSe [èSf[eXWUZSe' I[ eWdW[h[`V[US ^S VW_aUdSU[S Ua_a Xad_S VW h[VS% Ua_a abU[s` of[USk Wj[efUÙ[S^% We badcgW W^^S dWcg[WdW VW ^[TWdfSVWe [`V[h[VgS^Wek badcgW bgWVW YSdS`f[lSd^Se _W\ad cgW UgS^cg[Wd afdS Xad_Sba^qf[US3 We W^ _W\ad _aVa VW adYS`[lSd ^S Ua`h[hWÙ[S Ua^WUf[hSVW _S`WdS fS^ cgW eW Ua`fd[TgkS S bafWÙ[Sd W^ VWhW`[d[`fWd_[`ST^W VW ^S ^[TWdfSV k ^S TuecgWVS VW ^Se _u^f[b^We Xad_SeVW â Zg_Sà' Isâ g` adVW` VW_aUdmf[Ua We USbSl VW Td[`VSd ^SeUa`V[U[a`We VW bae[T[^[VSV bSdS ^S [YgS^SU[s` VW â V[XWdW`fW k ^Sfa^WdSÙ[S Ua` W^ 9USP%

FWda à eW bgWVW` Wjb^[USd ^Se Ua`cg[efSe% `[ WXWUfgSd ^SeUa_bSdSU[a`We Z[efsd[USe esâ VWeVW ^S bWdebWUf[hS VW g`S ^SdYS

2

^gUZS bad dWhWdf[d g`S dWbdWe[s` cgW ZS bWeSVa VaâdaeS_W`fWeaTdW W^ [`V[h[Vga eaU[S^% ^[_[fS`Va k S hWUWe USefdS`Va egVWeSdda^â b^Wà' I[ T[W` We U[Wdfa cgW W^ WXWUfa [`_WV[Sfa VW g`S`gWhS Ua`cg[efS We ^S bWdUWbU[s` k ^S h[hWÙ[S V[dWUfS VW g`S _gkdWS^ h[Ufad[S eaTdW âe Yd[^^WfWe abdWe[hae% W^ S`m^[e[e à bgWVWVWfW`WdeW S^^q' :W ZSUWdâ% à esâ eW b[WdVW` VW h[efS âe W\WeUW`fdS^We VW ^S fW_mf[US VW ^S ^[TWdfSV% e[à cgW fS_T[o` eW UaddWW^ d[WeYa VW USWd W` bWdebWUf[hSe cgW ^S UaÙ[TW` Ua_a W^ _a&_W`fa _qf[Ua VW ^S W^[_[`SU[s` X[`S^ k Ua_b^WfS VW faVS abdWe[s`'

BS ^[TWdfSV ZS e[Va TgeUSVS fW`Sl_W`fW Ua_a gfabqSdSV[US^ bad ^S UgS^ hS^W ^S bW`S ^gUZSd% S bWeSd VW âe aTefmUgâefS` Xad_[VST^We k dWUgddW`fWe Ua` âe cgW ZS fW`[Va k f[W`W Su`cgW W`XdW`fSdeW Uaf[V[S`S_W`fW' FgWVW [d S_b^[m`VaeW UdWU[W`&fW_W`fW e[` cgW ^^WYgW S SYafSd W^ egb^W_W`fa Wj[efW`fW W`fdW ^ScgW kS eW f[W`W k ^S cgW Su` cgWVS bad Ua`cg[efSd' ;efa e[Y`[X[UScgW esâ USTW ZST^Sd VW g` FYDFTP VW ^S ^[TWdfSV W` dW^SU[s` S eq_[e_S% VW g`S egWdfW VW egb^W_W`fa e[` Xa`Va k e[` X[` VW^ UgS^VWeTadVS` g` b^gdS^ VW Xad_Se k dWS^[lSU[a`We W_bqd[USe ~e[W_bdW dWàhST^We k fdSèXad_ST^We W` V[XWdW`fWe obaUSe k^gYSdWe' ;efW egb^W_W`fa% [`SYafST^W Ua_a ^S [_SY[`SU[s` W[`SÛS`lST^W Ua_a ^S ^q`WS VW^ Zad[la`fW% [_b[VW cgW ^S ^[TWdfSVeW dWS^[UW VW g`S hWl bad faVSe W` g` _a^VW u`[Ua k dqY[Va4 àe[Ù[fS S VWeWSd^S e[` fW_ad S eSfgdS_ae k àe [`h[fS S ^S ShW`fgdSVW TgeUSd^S bWd_S`W`fW_W`fW'

IW baVdqS ZST^Sd VW ^S ^[TWdfSV Ua_a bdaUWea W` W^ UgS^ eWSbdWU[S g`S USdWÙ[S cgW àe [_b[VW Ua_b^WfSdàe Ua_a eg\Wfae%bWda fS_T[o` g` VWeWa bWde[efW`fW VW ^^W`Sd WeS USdWÙ[S' :W SZqcgW% W` â cgW dWebWUfS S ^S ^[TWdfSV% eW baVdqS VWU[d cgW ^S Z[efad[SS fdShoe VW ^S UgS^ àe ZSUW_ae% VWeZSUW_ae k dWZSUW_aeUa`f[`gS_W`fW Ua_a eg\Wfae We g`S Z[efad[S [`fWd_[`ST^W' C[W`&fdSe eW _S`fW`YS W` _ah[_[W`fa W^ VWeWa ^[TWdfSd[a W [YgS^[fSd[a%eWYg[dm W` _ah[_[W`fa W^ eg\Wfa Zg_Sà Ua_a UdWSU[s` [`SUSTSVScgW eW STdW S ^S [`_Wè[VSV VW^ _g`Va bSdS fdSèXad_Sd egW`fadà k fdSèXad_SdeW S eq _[e_a' FgWefa VW afda _aVa% W^ VWeWak ^S TuecgWVS Ua`f[`gS VW `gWhSe Ua`cg[efSe ^[TWdfSd[Se W

*)

[YgS^[fSd[Se Xad_S bSdfW VW ^S fWè[s` WeWÙ[S^ cgW _S`f[W`W S ^Sh[VS W` _ah[_[W`fa' ;e g` YdS` S`ZWâ cgW àe [_bgêS S [d fdSe^S bda_WeS bWd_S`W`fW_W`fW dWUdWSVS cgW àe WebWdS k W^gVWUa_a ^S _Sd_[fS S^ X[`S^ VW^ SdUa [d[e% _S`[XWefS`Va Seq g`S Xad_SVW W_Td[SYgWl Ua` ^S h[VS3 ^S cgW àe ZSUW UaÙWT[d ^Se ^[TWdfSVWekS SVcg[d[VSe Ua_a Ua`cg[efSe hS^[aeSe% `WUWeSd[Se% bWda[ddW_WV[ST^W_W`fW [ègX[U[W`fWe'

Fad Uaè[Yg[W`fW% ^S ^[TWdfSV k ^S egT\Wf[h[VSV VWTW` eWdUaÙWT[VSe W` fod_[àe VW g`S a`faâYqS VW^ VWhW`[d' 9a` W^â eWWh[fS USWd W` ^Se fdS_bSe _WfSXqe[USe VW g`S YdS_mf[US cgWUa`h[WdfW S egefS`f[hae "TVKFUP# MJCFSUBE" W` DPTBT X[\Se W[`_gfST^We% W` TVTUBODJBT bWfd[X[USVSe' ;efa à eW dWX[WdW S^VWhW`[d ZWYW^[Sà cgW bWd_[fW S`f[U[bSd g` X[`S^ VW ^S Z[efad[S SfdShoe VW WfSbSe `WUWeSd[Se k SUg_g^Sf[hSe% Ua`WUfSVSe ^sY[US&_W`fW W`fdW eq bad g` bd[Ù[b[a Sdf[Ug^SVad u`[Ua cgW Ua`VgUW Sg` X[`S^ g`[hWdeS^ bdWefST^WU[Va' JS_baUa eW fdSfS VW bdaba`Wd ^SW^[_[`SU[s` `[Z[^[efS VW faVa hSâd dWXWdWÙ[S^ bSdS X[\Sd gÙa`fW`[Va VW ^S ^[TWdfSV a g`S [VW`f[VSV VW^ eg\Wfa'

7^ Ua`fdSd[a% WefS àU[s` VW VWhW`[d Ua_a _ah[_[W`fa[ÙWeS`fW TgeUS k `WUWe[fS W^STadSd fW^WaâYqSe% esâ cgW oefSe%E^CJMFT k MPDBMFT# à ea` afdS UaeS cgW bdakWUfae cgW abWdS` Ua_aYgqSe bSdS ^S SUU[s`' Cme S^^m VW â cgW bgWVS eWd ^S bgWefS W`_SdUZS VW WefSe UFMFPMPH_BT QSPZFDUVBMFT# eg dWeg^fSVa u^f[_a àeW bgWVW `[ bdWVWU[d Ua` UWdfWlS STea^gfS `[ SÛS`lSd VW g`S hWlbad faVSe% bgWefa cgW âe aT\Wf[hae bWdeWYg[Vae hS` dWXad_g&^m`VaeW Ua`f[`gS_W`fW W` f[W_bae k ^gYSdWe V[ef[`fae' ;` WefSeUFMFPMPH_BT QSPZFDUVBMFT# W^ `Wja W`fdW ^[TWdfSV k egT\Wf[h[VSV eWhS ZSU[W`Va k dWZSU[W`Va Ua`f[`gS_W`fW W` ^S _WV[VS W` cgW eWbgY`S bad fdSèXad_Sd âe [_SY[`Sd[ae Ua^WUf[hae ~a dWY[a`We VWoefW~ bSdS [èf[fg[d âe hSâdWe% UdWWÙ[Se% bdmUf[USe k d[fgS^Webdab[ae VW^ bdakWUfa ^[TWdfSd[a W [YgS^[fSd[a W` UgWef[s`'

:W g` _aVa g afda% W` ^S bdmUf[US UaÙdWfS% faVae W^âef[W`W` cgW hWd Ua` ^S dW[h[`V[USU[s` VW ^S S^fWd[VSV a VW^ 9USP#

Wefa We% Ua` ^S ^WY[f[_SU[s` VW^ V[eWèa ~eWS Ua_a bdafWUU[s`VW ^Se _[àdqSe a Ua_a VWdWUZa S eWd V[XWdW`fW' BSe fW`VWÙ[Se

**

S^[`WSVSe W` g`S bWdebWUf[hS ^[TWdfSd[S W [YgS^[fSd[S f[W`W` Ua_aT^SÙa g aT\Wf[ha W^ UgWef[a`S_[W`fa k ^S fdSèXad_SU[s` VWe[fgSU[a`We% [èf[fgU[a`We a W`fadàe eaU[a&Ug^fgdS^We Va`VW âeSFGFSFOUFT EF MP OPSNBM ea` [èf[fg[Vae VW g`S _S`WdS dqY[VS cgWWjU^gkW ~a UgS`fa _Wàe V[X[Ug^fS~ ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW g` _SdYW`VW hSd[SU[s` S_b^[a k WXWUf[ha VW ScgW^â cgW ^S Ua^WUf[h[VSVUaè[VWdS Ua_a OPSNBM% 8geUS` g` SFMBKBNJFOUP VW âe dWXWdW`fWeUaèf[fgf[hae VW ^S àd_S^[VSV SUWbfSVS k bdSUf[USVS W` g`SeaU[WVSV ~eWS W` â cgW dWebWUfS S abU[a`We ba^qf[USe% UdWWÙ[SedW^[Y[aeSe% W^ eSTWd% ^S eWjgS^[VSV% ^Se dW^SU[a`We VW bSdW\S% ^SebdaVgUU[a`We Ug^fgdS^We% W^ SdfW a ^Se UaÙWbU[a`We Wefof[USe'9a_a fW`VWÙ[Se b^gdS^[efSe% [`fW`fS` fdSèXad_Sd k WjbS`V[d âebSdm_Wfdae VW àd_S^[VSV S^^q Va`VW ^S fdSV[U[s`% W^ WefSVa a WêW`f[Va Ua_u` [_bWdS`fW âe ZS` S`cg[âeSVa% Ua`h[df[o`Vaâe WÙd[fWd[ae STea^gfae k UWddSVae S`fW â V[XWdW`fW'

K` USea [^gefdSf[ha We ^S UaÙWbfgS^[lSU[s` VW ^Se `Wgdae[ek e[Uae[e W` fod_[àe VW ^S fdSV[U[a`S^ V[ef[Ù[s` W`fdW â àd_S^k â bSfa^sY[Ua' CgUZae b^S`fWS` ^S bdWUSd[WVSV VW WeS V[ef[Ù[s`k UdWW` `WUWeSd[a Wdae[a`Sd faVS àU[s` VW dWXWdW`fW STea^gfa bSdSbWèSd ScgW^â cgW eW Uaè[VWdS Ua_a eS^gV a àd_S^[VSV _W`fS^4TgeUS` VW_aefdSd ^S SdT[fdSd[WVSV VW faVa dWXWdW`fW% eg àUa[Ù[VWÙ[S Ua` g`S bdWfW`V[VS `SfgdS^WlS VW ^Se UaeSe% Ua` g`SWeWÙ[S a bae[f[h[VSV% Ua` g` e[Y`[X[USVa [`fdqèWUa' :W WefS_S`WdS% eW ZSUW bae[T^W W^ egdY[_[W`fa VW afda _aVa VW bWèSdW^ dU^SU[a`S_[U`fa W`fdW eS^gV _W`fS^ k W`XWd_WVSV' 7^Yg`Se`Wgdae[e TVBWFT ea` fS` Ua_g`We cgW baUae eW SfdWhWdqS` SbWèSd^Se Ua_a FOGFSNFEBE a S egYWd[d S^Yu` fdSfS_[W`fa bSdSW^^Se' ;^ TUSFTT ~ea_Sf[lSU[s` VW ^Se fWè[a`We VW ^S h[VSUaf[V[S`S W` ^Se YdS`VWe U[gVSVWe~ fS_T[o` ZS bSeSVa S eWdUaè[VWdSVa Ua_a S^Ya OPSNBM% O% XdWUgW`fW_W`fW% â cgW W` W^W`fadà eaU[a&Ug^fgdS^ VW^ UgS^ bdah[W`W` Wj[^[SVae a [`_[YdS`fWeWe VWX[`[Va Ua_a `Wgdae[e% W` eg `gWha ZST[fSV bSeS S Ua`X[YgdSdg`S OPSNBMJEBE à eg\WfS S fdSfS_[W`fa U^q`[Ua'

JaVa Wefa dW[h[`V[US W^ USdmUfWd DPOTUSVJEP VW^ dWXWdW`fW ~a \gWYa VW àd_Se k bdWeUd[bU[a`We h[YW`fWe~ cgW _SdUS ^S

*+

V[ef[Ù[s` W`fdW eS^gV k W`XWd_WVSV% W`fdW àd_S k V[XWdWÙ[S%W`fdW àd_S^[VSV k VWeh[SU[s`' ;^ dWXWdW`fW eW Ua`h[WdfW Seq W` g`SUSfWYadqS VW USdmUfWd SdT[fdSd[a% W` W^ eW`f[Va VW eWd S^Ya VW ad[YWÙg^fgdS^% [èf[fgU[a`S^% eaU[S^% fW_badS^ k hSâdSf[ha'

FWda% XdWUgW`fW_W`fW% aUgddW cgW ^Se bWdebWUf[hSe _medSV[US^[lSVSe cgW egdYW` W` WefW g`[hWdea eS`S_W`fW dW^Sf[h[lSVaUSW` W` ^S fW`fSU[s` VW \gYSd W` g` fWdd[fad[a V[Xgea k bW^[YdaeacgW Ua`VgUW S ^S egebWè[s` _[e_S VW âe VWe^[`VWe% S ^SS`g^SU[s` VW âe ^q_[fWe a ^S V[ebWde[s` dSV[US^ VW âe dWXWdW`fWe';^ WjUWea dW^Sf[h[efS ^^WhSdqS S g` g`[hWdea W` W^ UgS^ ^S [`X[`[fSbda^[XWdSU[s` VW dWXWdW`fWe bSeS S eWd S^Ya bafWÙ[S^_W`fW bae[T^Wk VWeWST^W'

BS UaèWUgWÙ[S [`WebWdSVS VW g` dW^Sf[h[e_a ^^WhSVa S^^q_[fW "S^ _Wàe S^ _mj[_a ^q_[fW ^sY[Ua bWèST^W% Sg`cgW à`WUWeSd[S_W`fW dWS^[lST^W# We% e[_b^W k ^^S`S_W`fW% MB OBEB%

7cgW^â Ugka eW`f[Va ad[Y[`S^ WdS dW[h[`V[USd ^S V[XWdWÙ[S eWfdSefdaUS W` g`S USÙW^SU[s` VW faVS V[XWdWÙ[S3 ^S _g^f[b^[U[VSV[ddWefd[UfS Ua`VgUW S^ hSU[S_[W`fa VW ^S àU[s` VW dWXWdW`fW Ua_afS^% bgWefa cgW% W` bd[Ù[b[a% faVa eWdqS [YgS^_W`fW hm^[Va% Ua` âUgS^ ^S BSCJUSBSJFEBE bSeS S eWd UaÙWT[VS W` fod_[àe VW g`SZ[bWd&egT\Wf[h[VSV Ugka Uada^Sd[a We ^S dSV[US^ [_bae[T[^[VSV VWX[\Sd V[ef[Ù[s` S^Yg`S' BS SgeWÙ[S VW faVS SBUJP# Ud[fWd[a adWXWdW`fW Ua^WUf[ha cgW bWd_[fS WXWUfgSd dW^SU[a`We VW Ua_bSdS&U[s` bSdS WefST^WUWd e[_[^[fgVWe a V[XWdWÙ[Se W`fdW XW`s_WàeUa`VgUW S ^S [_bae[T[^[VSV VW Xad\Sd [VW`f[VSVWe Ua^WUf[hSe k_S`fW`Wd W` h[YWÙ[S W^ ^Sla eaU[WfS^' ;efW fWd_[`S V[ea^h[o`VaeWW` W^ fadTW^^[à VW g`S XdSY_W`fSU[s` e[Usf[US'

;efa We W^W_W`fS^' IWS W` W^ Va_[`[a VW ^Se dW^SU[a`We W`fdWeS^gV k W`XWd_WVSV a W` UgS^cg[Wd afda m_T[fa% W^ UgWef[a`S_[W`faVW ^S fWe[e VW ^S SdT[fdSd[WVSV VW âe dWXWdW`fWe esâ Sbg`fS S âeUSeae W` âe UgS^We eW SbdWU[S g` dW^Sf[h[e_a W` WjUWea' 7^[_bgY`Sd W^ e[Y`[X[USVa JOUS_OTFDP VW g` XW`s_Wà% W^ dW^SU[a&`S_[U`fa W`fdW W^ gà k W^ afda esâ dWeg^fS bae[T^W eaTdW ^S TSeWVW S^Ya FYUFSOP S W^âe% We VWU[d% eaTdW ^S TSeW VW g` Ud[fWd[a% SBUJP

a dWXWdW`fW Ua_bSdf[Va' FWda e[ bda^[XWdS` [`X[`[fS_W`fW âe

*,

dWXWdW`fWe ~^S VWeSbSd[U[s` VW Ud[fWd[ae VW aT^[YSU[s` Ua^WUf[&hS~ eW W^[_[`S ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW bWèSd ^S V[XWdWÙ[S bgWefa cgWâ 9USP cgWVS e[` _WV[ae bSdS Ua_bSdSdeW Ua` g` FTUP% 9a` âUgS^ ^S ^gUZS ^[TWdfSd[S W [YgS^[fSd[S cgWVS VWeba\SVS VW egV[_Wè[s` bae[f[ha&bdaVgUf[hS [`[U[S^'

;e W^ _a_W`fa VW cg[WTdW VW^ dW^Sf[h[e_a àd_Sf[h[efS% ^SUaèWUgWÙ[S S ^S cgW eW Sdd[TS S^ VWeSdda^^Sd âe baefg^SVae VWWefW dW^Sf[h[e_a VWe_ah[^[lS`fW cgW a^h[VS W^ _a_W`fa VWÛd[fWd[a% VW^ \glYSd% VW^ hSâdSd% VW^ VWU[V[d k abfSd ~We VWU[d% W^_a_W`fa VW^ eg\Wfa' Cme Su`% cgW eW a^h[VS VW^ USdmUfWd eaU[UfS^VW^ eg\Wfa a% â cgW We [YgS^% VW eg QPMJUJDJEBE3 ^S ^[TWdfSV% ^S[YgS^VSV k ^S àd_S^[VSV eW UaèfdgkW` W [èf[fgkW` _WV[S`fWha^g`fSVWe Ua` ^S XgWdlS USbSl VW ZSUWdâ4 We g`S UgWef[s` VWbaVWd cgW ba`W VW dW^[WhW W^ USdmUfWd SYa`qef[Ua VW ^S Wj[efWÙ[SZg_S`S cgW eW _S`[X[WefS Ua_a SUWbfSU[s` a fdSèXad_SU[s`%Ua_a e[_b^W WefSd a Ua_a bSe[s` UdWSVadS% Ua_a kgYa a baVWdqa'

LgW^hW S egdY[d W^ bdaT^W_S [`[U[S^ VW ^S ^[TWdfSV Ua_abdaUWea e[` X[` VW UdWSU[s` k fdSèXad_SU[s` VW ^S Ua`V[U[s`Zg_S`S' FWda VWTW eWd dWb^S`fWSVa' Da We UaeS VW bdaba`Wd ^SSTea^gf[lSU[s` VW ^S ^[TWdfSV [`V[h[VgS^ "^S fWe[e VW^ UPEP WBMF"

egefW`fSVS bad ^S aT^[YSU[s` S faVae VW`fda VW g`S ha^g`fSVYW`WdS^ cgW V[egW^hW W^ bdaT^W_S W` g` Seg`fa Uaèf[fgU[a`S^'JS_baUa We UgWef[s` VW VWeba\Sd S^ [`V[h[Vga VW faVa baVWd% WefaWe% VW VWeSd_Sdâ _WV[S`fW g`S dW`gÙ[S W` XShad VW g` BWh[Sfm`STea^gfa S US_T[a VW ^S eWYgd[VSV bWdea`S^3 CScg[ShWâ% 8aV[`k >aTTWe% Ua` eg dSls` VW WefSVa STefdSUfS W [ÙgWef[a`ST^W% àea` g`S YSdS`fqS hm^[VS `[ VWeWST^W' 7`fWe T[W`% eW VWTWdW[h[`V[USd ^S ^WY[f[_[VSV VW ^S V[XWdWÙ[S% W^ USdmUfWd Uaèfdg[VaVW âVa dWXWdW`fW a faVS àd_S^[VSV Wh[fS`Va W^ bW^[Yda VW g`SSTea^gf[lSU[s` VW â àd_S^ k ege dWXWdW`fWe bad bSdfW VW g`SWj[faeS k Sgfad[fSd[S ha^g`fSV VW baVWdqa' FWda% S ^S hWl% eW f[W`WcgW WeUSbSd VW ^S Z[bWddW^Sf[h[lSU[s` cgW V[egW^hW ^S àd_S% ^Sbae[T[^[VSV VW dW^SU[a`Sd% ^S V[XWdWÙ[S Ua_a fS^'

>Sk Vae bd[Ù[b[ae cgW bSdWUW` eWd [`W^gV[T^We bSdSb^S`fWSd ^S fW_mf[US VW ^S fa^WdSÙ[S Ua` â V[XWdW`fW' Kà VW W^âe

*-

We W^ QSJODJQJP EF MJCFSUBE# cgW VWeUSdfS ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW cgW ^S^[TWdfSV eaU[S^ bgWVS eWd [^[_[fSVS ~S bWeSd VW eWd UaÙWT[VSUa_a ^S TuecgWVS VW g` TVQMFNFOUP JOBHPUBCMF% BS Xad_g^SU[s`VW WefS bSdSVa\S bgWVW eWd b^S`fWSVS S bSdf[d VW g`S [VWS&XgWdlSW`gÙ[SVS bad @aZ` IfgSdf C[^[ W` eg 9O 6JCFSUZ% S eSTWd% cgW ^S^[TWdfSV VWTW W`fW`VWdeW W` fod_[àe VW ^S _mj[_S ^[TWdfSVbae[T^W Ua_bSf[T^W Ua` ^S ^[TWdfSV VW âe VW_me' ;e W^ bd[Ù[b[aVW^ PUIFST SFHBSEJOH BDUJPOT "SUfae cgW SXWUfS` S afdae#3 ^SeaU[WVSV ^[TdW k VWeWST^W% ^S eaU[WVSV cgW Wef[_g^S W^ _mj[_aVWeSdda^â VW ^Se bafWÙ[S^[VSVWe VW^ Ua`\g`fa VW âe [`V[h[Vgae~cg[W`We ea` V[XWdW`fWe W` UgS`fa S e[fgSU[s`% bafWÙ[S^[VSVWek S_T[U[a`We~ We ScgW^^S Yg[SVS bad W^ bd[Ù[b[a VW ^S _mj[_S^[TWdfSV [`V[h[VgS^ Ua_bSf[T^W Ua` âe VWdWUZae S ^S ^[TWdfSV VWÊfda'

FWda à eW VWTW Ua`Xg`V[d WefW b^S`fWS_[W`fa [èb[dSVa W`C[^[ Ua` ^S dW[h[`V[USU[s` VW g`S _adS^[VSV TgdYgWeS a VW g`bWèS_[W`fa bgdS_W`fW àd_Sf[h[efS% bgWefa cgW eW VS badeW`fSVa cgW MB MJCFSUBE EFM 9USP TaMP QVFEF FNQF[BS EPOEF NJ

MJCFSUBE TF FODVFOUSF DPO MB SFTJTUFODJB FSJHJEB QPS FTF 9USP# DPO

FM EJTDVSTP EF MB MJCFSUBE EFGFOEJEP QPS FM 9USP% ;efS We g`S^WUfgdS dSV[US^ k QPM_UJDB VW ^S bdabgWefS VW C[^[ cgW% ^^WhSVS XgWdSVW^ US_ba ^[TWdS^% VW\S S oefW _me UWdUS VW g` D[WfleUZW% gÌUZ_[ff a g` <agUSg^f cgW VW g` ^[TWdS^ TgdYgoe% g` à_[`S^[efSa g` eW_[sâYa' C[^[ Wh[VW`fW_W`fW ZST^S g` ^W`YgS\W eWUg^S&d[lSVa k fWddW`S^% Ua_bSf[T^W Ua` ^Se [VWSe VW^ aUSea VW âe qVaâek VW ^S _gWdfW VW V[ae4 b[WèS W` g` Za_TdW k g`S _g\Wd VW WefW_g`Va% dW[h[`V[US`Va ^S fa^WdSÙ[S k dWh[ef[W`Va ^S SUU[s` VW ^S^[TWdfSV Ua` g` _S`fa VW Wf[U[VSV'

;^ afda W^W_W`fa cgW VWTW eWd Uaè[VWdSVa We W^ QSJODJQJP

EF JHVBMEBE [ddUefd[UfS W`fdW âe [`V[h[Vgae' ;efa à eW dWX[WdW `[S ^S UdWSU[s` VW [`V[h[Vgae [Vo`f[Uae `[ S g`S UaÙWbU[s` VWêg\Wfa W` fod_[àe VW g`S Za_aYW`W[VSV XadlSVS cgW WjbgêS ^SV[hWde[VSV' 7`fWe T[W`% eW fdSfS% Ua_a eWrS^S JaVadah% VWdWUaàUWd cgW ÄW^ bd[Ù[b[a VW [YgS^VSV bdabadU[a`S g` bd[_WdXg`VS_W`fa bSdS ^S bdmUf[US VW ^S fa^WdSÙ[S4 ZSk cgW dWUaàUWd

*.

cgW âe Za_TdWe ea` [YgS^We bSdS SV_[f[d cgW e[YgW` e[W`VaV[XWdW`fWe Å "*#'

BS X[YgdS VW^ DJVEBEBOP k W^ VWdWUZa S^ egXdSY[a g`[hWdeS^%bad W\W_bâ% XgWda` Xg`VS_W`fS^We bSdS W^ WefST^WU[_[W`fa VW ^S[YgS^VSV W` W^ b^Sà VW ^S ba^qf[US k VW ^S \gef[U[S' Da W^[_[`Sda`^Se V[h[e[a`We VW U^SeWe `[ WddSV[USda` ^Se V[XWdWÙ[Se eaU[aWUa&`s_[USe% bWda bWd_[f[Wda` cgW eW XgWeW Ua`Xad_S`Va g` fWddWàba^qf[Ua&bSdf[VSd[a W` W^ UgS^ V[XWdW`fWe [`V[h[Vgae ~Za_TdWe k_g\WdWe% T^SÙae k `WYdae% d[Uae k baTdWe~ bgV[WeW` W`XdW`fSdeWUa_a SVhWdeSd[ae ^WYqf[_ae% k g` m_T[fa VW ^S \gef[U[S W` W^ UgS^bgV[WeW` V[d[_[d Ua`X^[Ufae Ua_a eg\Wfae VW VWdWUZa' 7^Ya e[_[^SdbgWVW b^S`fWSdeW W` dW^SU[s` S UgWef[a`We VW dSlS k fWddad[e_a VWWefSVa3 W^ dWUaàU[_[W`fa VW ^S [YgS^VSV Ua_a eWdWe Zg_Sàe Weg`S Ua`V[U[s` VW bae[T[^[VSV bSdS ^gUZSd W` Ua`fdS VW ^SV[eUd[_[`SU[s` dSU[S^4 S`fW g` f[ba VW bWèS_[W`fa Ua_a W^ VW ^S:aUfd[`S VW IWYgd[VSV DSU[a`S^% cgW VWeUaàUW ^S Ua`V[U[s`Zg_S`S VW â V[XWdW`fW bSdS ^WY[f[_Sd ^Se fadfgdSe k hW\SU[a`We%^S X[YgdS VW^ EFGFOTPS EF EFSFDIPT IVNBOPT dW[h[`V[US ^S[YgS^SU[s` VW S_[Yae k W`W_[Yae W` fS`fa eg\Wfae VW VWdWUZaeZg_Sàe g`[hWdeS^We'

;efSe Uaè[VWdSU[a`We SUWdUS VW g` bWèS_[W`fa [YgS^[fSd[ak ^[TWdfSd[a cgW eW Xg`VS W` W^ dWUaàU[_[W`fa VW^ afda% VW ^SV[XWdWÙ[S% ea` dWfa_SVSe ~eWS VW _S`WdS Wjb^qU[fS a W` g` _aVa[_b^qU[fa~ W` âe V[hWdeae WèSkae cgW Xad_S` bSdfW VW WefW ^[Tda';ebWUqX[US_W`fW% ^S fW_mf[US VW ^S ^[TWdfSV% W^ dWXWdW`fW% W^ baVWd%^S fa^WdSÙ[S k ^S V[XWdWÙ[S ZS e[Va STadVSVS W` e/M EFTFP EF MB

MJCFSUBEÅ k W` e/M FTRVFNB OPSNB$EJGFSFODJB Z MPT

NJDSPQPEFSFT % 7_Tae Wefm` _gk dW^SU[a`SVae W`fdW eq' Efdae^Slae ea^[VSd[ae g`W` S âe Vae fdSTS\ae eaTdW ^S bae_aVW_[VSV%W` âe cgW eW [`fW`fS VWeSdda^^Sd g`S egWdfW VW NBQB e[`fof[Ua VW^S eWè[T[^[VSV bae_aVWd`S% fS`fa W` â cgW dWebWUfS S ^S UdWU[W`fWUa_b^W\[VSV VW ^Se eaU[WVSVWe Ua`fW_badm`WSe Ua_a S ^Se

*' JlhWfS` JaVadah% ÄBS fa^WdSÙ[S k â [`fa^WdST^W!!% 6FUSB 3OUFSOBDJPOBM Dw +%CSVd[V% hWdSà *21/% bb' //'

*/

UaÙWbU[a`We VW ^S fafS^[VSV% â eaU[S^% W^ eSTWd% âe _ah[_[W`faeeaU[S^We k ^Se GPSNBT EF WJEB cgW egdYW` SUfgS^_W`fW'

7egÙ[s`% àh[W_TdW VW *211'

*0

7= 67D7@ 67 =3 =;47CE36 =J MRJTbL[RLJ _ TJ L\NZ[RdV MNT @[YW!

;efW W`eSka XgW bgT^[USVa W` ^S dWh[efS .BWJE Z 1PMJBUI# Sra NL?% Dw.)% 8gW`ae 7[dWe% :[U[W_TdW VW *21/% k eW dWbdaVgUW Scgq Ua` S^Yg`Se_aV[X[USU[a`We'

(% =J JX\NZ[J%

K` S`ZWâ ^[TWdfSd[a dWUaddW `gWefdae UgWdbae k S`[VS W`àeafdae egWrae VWeVW f[W_bae [`_W_ad[S^We' ?_bdWY`S W^bWèS_[W`fa VW :W ^S 8aof[W k HageeWSg% k egdYW Ua_a gfabqSa _[fa _ah[^[lSVad VW âe YdS`VWe _ah[_[W`fae VW _SeSe VW âeu^f[_ae e[Yâe'

FWda WefW S`ZWâ f[W`W Vae USdSe bdaT^W_mf[USe' K`S VWW^^Se We ^S bWde[efWÙ[S VW ^S UdWWÙ[S W` ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW YWefSdg`S dWha^gU[s` USbSl VW ba`Wd X[` S faVS Xad_S VW ea_Wf[_[W`fa%USbSl VW W_SÙ[bSd S ^S Zg_S`[VSV VW g`S hWl bad faVSe' BS afdSWe W^ fW_ad S VWeSX[Sd S^ baVWdaea% Wefa We% g`S abU[s` cgW fWd_[`SeSUd[X[US`Va ^S V[Y`[VSV bSdS à Sdd[WeYSdeW S bWdVWd â baUa cgWeW f[W`W W` USea VW g`S VWddafS'

;^ WèSka WjbâdS ^Se bae[T[^[VSVWe cgW aXdWUW ^S V[SôUf[USbSdS Ua`X[YgdSd [VW`f[VSVWe dW^SU[s`S^We k ege ^q_[fWe bSdS bWèSdabae[U[a`We ba^qf[USe bad UgS`fa cgW ^S Xsd_g^S VW ^S V[SôUf[USUa`VgU[dqS S g`S fafS^[lSU[s` VW^ US_ba VW^ Ua`X^[Ufa' JS_T[o`[`fW`fS VW_aefdSd cgW Wj[efW g` bafWÙ[S^ W_SÙ[bSfad[a [Ù^geaW` dW^SU[a`We VW Va_[`SU[s` SbSdW`fW_W`fW UWddSVSe k e[` hqSe VWWeUSbW' 8me[US_W`fW% eW egY[WdW cgW W^ TFDSFUP EF MB MJCFSUBE

dSV[US W` VWeUgTd[d cgW W^ baVWdaea à We fS` a_`[bafW`fW Ua_acg[WdW cgW eW b[WèW% k cgW âe VoT[^We à ea` fS` [_bafW`fWe Ua_a^S WjbWd[WÙ[S VW^ ea_Wf[_[W`fa ^We [`VgUW S UdWWd' 9gS`Va W^ eWdZg_Sà ÄkS esâ cg[WdW ^S bWcgWrS XW^[U[VSV% ^S Ua_aV[VSV k ^SeSf[eXSUU[s`% UgS`Va eW ZS hgW^fa _Sèa k VoT[^ ~V[UW g`S hal`[WfleUZWS`S~% VoTWeW W^â S cgW ^S hSefWVSV VW^ _g`Va à h[TdSkS S fdShoe VW eg h[VS% S cgW à ZSk g` S`ZWâ cgW â SddWTSfWk â ^^WhW S â [`_WèaÅ "*#' ;^ eWUdWfa VW ^S ^[TWdfSV TgeUS

*' ;gYW` <[`]% 6B GJMPTPG_B EF 8JFU[TDIF "*2/)#% 7^[S`lS ;V[fad[S^% CSVd[V%*2//% b' 11'

+*

dWUgbWdSd WeW S`ZWâ SddWTSfSVad% WeS hSefWVSV VW^ _g`Va bSdS cgWhgW^hS S h[TdSd W`fdW âe cgW eW ZS` fad`SVa VoT[^We'

)% =JZ XYNURZJZ%

;^ bg`fa VW bSdf[VS VW faVS V[SôUf[US We ^S VWfWd_[`SU[s`VW â NJTNP S fdShoe VW â PUSP a% â cgW We [YgS^% g`S dW^SU[s`V[SôUf[US bdWegba`W cgW ^S [VW`f[VSV VW â VOP% ^W\ae VW baVWdeWd Uaè[VWdSVS W` Xad_S S[e^SVS Ua_a S^Ya VafSVa VW g` eW`f[Va[`fdqèWUa% [`_S`W`fW% `SfgdS^ a kS VSVa% We e[W_bdW g`SUaèfdgUU[s` cgW eW WefST^WUW Ua_a dW^SU[s` Ua` S^Ya cgW WeWjfWdà k V[XWdW`fW% hS^W VWU[d% Ua_a dW^SU[s` Ua` g` 9USP% :WS^^q cgW ^S V[SôUf[US% W` fS`fa dW^SU[s`% egba`W ^S `WUWe[VSV VWg`S WefdgUfgdS V[mV[US bSdS faVS UaèfdgUU[s` V[eUgde[hS3 eEPT

We W^ ù_Wda _q`[_a bSdS VSd Ua_[W`la S^ V[eUgdea a% S^fWd`Sf[&hS_W`fW% esâ ^S V[XWdWÙ[S cgW egdYW VW ^S V[SVS bgWVW Ua`VgU[dZSU[S ^S X[\SU[s` VW ^S [VW`f[VSV VW â VOP k VW â 9USP%

FWda ^S V[SôUf[US fS_T[o` [ÙadbadS g`S fWè[s` bWd_S&`W`fW W [ddWVgUf[T^W W` W^ UadSls` VW WeS dW^SU[s`' Ba VOP a âNJTNP e[W`fW ^S `WUWe[VSV VW ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW^ 9USP bSdS Ua`Xad_Sd^S V[SVS cgW ^W bgWVW VSd W^ eW`f[Va VW eg eWd "k W^ VW^ afda#% bWda%S^ _[e_a f[W_ba% WeW VOP S`ZW^S ^S egbdWe[s` VW ScgW^â cgW%e[W`Va eg WebW\a bgWVW eWd fS_T[o` eg ^q_[fW% S ^S hWl â e[_[^Sdk â V[XWdW`fW% g` S_[Ya a fS^ hWl eg SVhWdeSd[a bafWÙ[S^' ;^WeU^Sha VW^ U^me[Ua W\W_bâ ZWYW^[Sà eW Uaèf[fgkW Ua_a fS^ W`^S _WV[VS W` cgW f[W`W g` S_a S cg[W` eWdh[d% k oefW% S eg hWl%Wj[efW Ua_a S_a S^ fW`Wd cg[W` ^W e[dhS' ;^ WeU^Sha VWeWS ^S h[VSVW^ S_a bad UgS`fa W^â ^W bWd_[fW eg bdab[S Wj[efWÙ[S Ua_aWeU^Sha% bWda fS_T[o` STaddWUW S^ S_a bad faVa â cgW% Ua_aWeU^Sha% `gÙS baVdm ^^WYSd S eWd VWT[Va S^ ^q_[fW cgW eW ^W V[Tg\SW` ^S Xad_S VW eg Efda% eg S_a' ;` Xad_S S`mâYS% ^S dW^SU[s`bda^WfSd[a&USb[fS^[efS eW eaef[W`W badcgW W^ bda^WfSd[a% bSdS eWd fS^%`WUWe[fS VW^ USb[fS^[efS cgW ^W [ègX^W g`S h[VS VW bda^WfSd[a SfdShoe VW ^S dW^SU[s` Ua`fdSUfgS^% k badcgW W^ USb[fS^[efS VW\SdqSVW Wj[ef[d Ua_a fS^ W` W^ SUfa e[ ^S Xad_S VW Sbdab[SU[s` bd[hSVS

++

VW^ WjUWVW`fW YW`WdSVa W` W^ bdaUWea bdaVgUf[ha eW egbd[_[WeW'FWda W^ bda^WfSd[a fS_T[o` eW VWeYSddS bad eg VWeWa VW egbd[_[dS^ USb[fS^[efS W` fS`fa _S`[XWefSU[s` bS^bST^W VW^ VWeba\a VW^ UgS^We aT\Wfa' IW VWeUgTdW Seq cgW3

Ä;^ afda We _[ ZWd_Sà' ;^ afda dWeg^fS eWd _[ ZWd_Sà kW^ ZWd_Sà dWeg^fS eWd _[ W`W_[Ya' 7Vm` k ;hS fgh[Wda`Vae Z[\ae3 9Sq` k 7TW^' 7eq Ua_[W`lS ^S Z[efad[S VW ^SZg_S`[VSV' JS^ We fS_T[o` ^S fWè[s` V[SôUf[US cgW_S`f[W`W S ^S Z[efad[S VW^ _g`Va W` _ah[_[W`fa% k WeSZ[efad[S Su` à ^^WYS S eg X[`Å "+#'

BS WeU[e[s` a VWeYSddS_[W`fa XSfS^ bdahaUSVa bad g` VWeWaUa`fdSbgWefa ~cgW XdWUgW`fW_W`fW eW e[fuS eaTdW W^ W\W VW ^See[_g^fS`W[VSVWe~ Ua`VW`S S^ [`V[h[Vga S g`S Sè[WVSV cgW âSUa_bSrSdm S â ^SdYa VW eg dW^SU[s` Ua` W^ Efda% cgW à baVdmeWd WjadU[eSVS _[W`fdSe VgdW WeS dW^SU[s`' BS Sè[WVSV eW dWUgTdWVW [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW S^ VWeUgTd[deW cgW à bgWVW` VWfWd_[`SdeW VWS`fW_Sà âe dWeg^fSVae VW^ \gWYa cgW eW VWeSdda^^S W`fdW W^ gàk eg Efda' Da eW bgWVW VWfWd_[`Sd S U[WÙ[S U[WdfS âe_ah[_[W`fae a KVHBEBT VW^ Efda% `[ ^Se dWebgWefSe "fS_T[o` Ua_a\gYSVSe a Ua`fdS\gYSVSe# VW^ gà3 |cgo cg[WdW VW _q% cgo eWbdaba`W% bad cgo ZSUW a VW\S VW ZSUWd fS^ a Ugm^ UaeS6 |9s_adWeba`VWd S eg \gYSVS% cgo UaèWUgWÙ[S fdSWdqS fS^ a UgS^_ah[_[W`fa VW _[ bSdfW6 ;` WefW g`[hWdea% Va`VW ^S [ÙWdf[&Vg_TdW Ua`^^WhS ^S [ÙadbadSU[s` VW^ SJFTHP S ^S dW^SU[s`% ^S[`XS^[T[^[VSV VW âe UmÛgâe VW âe KVHBEPSFT ZS e[Va WjbgêSVSUa_a [^ge[s` e[` badhW`[d' ;^ UmÛgâ k â bdah[ead[a bSeS` SaUgbSd W^ ^gYSd aUgbSVa S`fWe bad ^S VgVS _WfsV[US k bad ^SdWUa_bWèS VW g`S UWdfWlS STea^gfS bda_Wf[VS W` W^ g`[hWdea VW^DPHJUP USdfWe[Sà' FSdS VWU[dâ Ua` HagefS`Y3

+' 9Sd^ IUZ_[ff% Ä;j~9Sbf[h[fSfW IS^geÅ% U[fSVa bad @g^[W` <dWg`V W` eg ÄLgW:É;èW_T^W egd BÉEWghdW VW 9Sd^ IUZ_[ffÅ% W` ;FWVF /VSPQ^FOF EFT <DJFODFT

<PDJBMFT# La^' NL?% Dw --% *201% b' ,1'

+,

ÄBS WXWUf[h[VSV VW^ VWeWa bdWegba`W W^ XdSUSea VW^ Va_[`[aa eWradqa STea^gfa "_SefUdk#' |;j[efW SUSea% bgWVW ZSTWdS^Yg`S eWVgUU[s`% WefSVa S_adaea% bSe[s` "k bad W`VWfdSèXWdWÙ[S# cgW à Wefo [`_WdeS W` ^S [ÙWdf[Vg_TdWSUWdUS VW ^S `SfgdS^WlS k VW âe WXWUfae VW ^S dW^SU[s` Ua`W^ afda6 |;e g`S USVW`S a g` bSeSbadfW% Yd[^^WfW a ^[TWdfSV6|FgWVW W^ S_ad ZSUWd egdY[d S^Ya VW h[VS a eW Ua`hWdf[dmW` aV[a _adfS^6 I[` WefW f[ba VW [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW `SVS bgWVWhWdVSVWdS_W`fW egUWVWd% bgWe à ZSTdqS d[WeYa% k e[` d[WeYa`gÙS baVdqS ZSTWd ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW â àhWVaea k VW ^S[`hWÙ[s`4 à ZSTdqS VWeWa% bgWe WefW WefSdqS kS SbaefSVak bWdV[Va VW S`fW_Sà "'''# BS eWVgUU[s`% k bad W`VW W^S_ad% k bad W`VW ^S fdSèXWdWÙ[S% à XgÙ[a`S` W` TSeW Sg`S SgeWÙ[S cgW W^ e[^WÙ[a k W^ V[efSÙ[S_[W`faegbgWefS_W`fW dWbdWeW`fSdqS`% e[à _me T[W` W` TSeW S S^Yaà VWU[V[T^W3 |_W [do S Ua`hWdf[d W` W^ \gYgWfW% W` ^S_Sd[a`WfS VW^ afda% a eWdm cgW o^ eW Ua`hWdf[dm W` gà% oêWdm g`S bSdS _q6 Fad W^ Ua`fdSd[a% |WefSdo ka% WefSdm` oâ W^^S g` baUa _me h[hae% baVdW_ae eWd ka a W^âe g` baUa_me V[ef[`fae% V[XWdW`fWe% ^[TdWe W` ^S dW^SU[s`6Å

ÄBS Sè[WVSV UdWSVS bad W^ VOIFJNMJDI# â [`cg[WfS`fW VWâ WjfdSrS_W`fW XS_[^[Sd% Wefm W` W^ UadSls` _[e_a VW ^SWj[efWÙ[S VW^ [`V[h[Vga Zg_Sà' 7cgW^â cgW Wefm _meUWdUS VW o^ We fS_T[o` â cgW _me â W^gVW W [èb[dS W^_Skad _[WVa' Da bgWVW Wh[fSd dW_[f[deW S W^â Ua`f[`gS&_W`fW W` g` [`fW`fa bad WeUSbSd VW W^ g`S hWl _me "'''#|9s_a bgWVW gà UdWSd V[efSÙ[S VW WefS bW^[YdaeSbdaj[_[VSV6 |Fad cgo We cgW ^Se ^SdYSe [Ùgde[a`We W` ^SWjaYS_[S àe VWhgW^hW` [`WjadST^W_W`fW S ^S _me d[YgdaeSW`VaYS_[S6 I[ W^ [`V[h[Vga Wefgh[WeW kS UdWSVa VW g`S hWlbad faVSe% e[ ^S eWbSdSU[s` Wefgh[WeW kS WefST^WU[VSVWX[`[f[hS_W`fW% e[ ^Se V[XWdWÙ[Se `gÙS S_W`SlSdS` Ua`VWe_ada`Sdâ faVa VW `gWha% e[ egb[oeW_ae cg[o` We W^ afdak cg[o` We gà _[e_a% à ZSTdqS Zg_S`[VSV ~k bad â

+-

Ä;e YdSU[Se S ^S [_Td[USU[s` VW â WjUWe[ha Ua` â[ègX[U[W`^W% YdSU[Se S ^S Sè[WVSV UdWSVS bad â _me q`f[_ak â V[efSÙ[SVa cgW W^ [`V[h[Vga bgWVW UdWSdeW S eq _[e_a%bWda S fdShoe VW g` \gWYa [`fWd_[`ST^W cgW VWTW eWddWSbdW`V[Va k dWUa_W`lSVa Ua`f[`gS_W`fWÅ ",#'

BS Z[efad[S Zg_S`S We [`fWd_[`ST^W badcgW ^S [ÙWd^[Vg_&TdW [_b[VW W^ U[WddW X[`S^ a STea^gfa VW^ eSTWd3 eWS SUWdUS VW^ _g`&Va Ua_a NVMUJWFSTP a g`[hWdea VW _u^f[b^We dW^SU[a`We% VW^ afdacgW bgWVW eWd _[ ZWd_Sà a _[ SVhWdeSd[a% a VW _q _[e_a ~cgW _W ZSYa k dWZSYa Ua`f[`gS_W`fW W` W^ b^gdS^ VW dW^SU[a`WeVW `WUWe[VSV k dWUZSla bad W^ afda' BS [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW ba`W S^ VWeWaW` _ah[_[W`fa% VS`Va b[W bSdS W^ egdY[_[W`fa VW WeS UFOTJaO EJB$

M^DUJDB cgW ~eWYu` SX[d_STS IUZ_[ff~ _S`f[W`W S ^S Wj[efWÙ[SW` g` VWhW`[d [`fWd_[`ST^W cgW eW VWeW`hgW^hW W`fdW âe ^gYSdWeWeU[`V[Vae VW^ gà k VW^ Efda' ;^ VWeW`^SUW X[`S^ VW WefW VWhW`[dWe dSV[US^_W`fW [`VWfWd_[`ST^W k% bad â _[e_a% ^S fW^WaâYqS VW^S Wj[efWÙ[S cgWVS Ua`X[`SVS S^ WjfdW_a VW g` SdUa [d[e cgW `[`&Yu` bWdWYd[`S\W bWd_[f[dm \S_me SÛS`lSd k Se[d' BS [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW%Ua_a dWUaàU[_[W`fa VW cgW à ZSk YSdS`fqSe [`XS^[T^We SUWdUSVW^ VWeW`^SUW VW ^Se dW^SU[a`We% STdW ^Se bae[T[^[VSVWe bSdS ^SeadbdWeS% bSdS â [`WebWdSVa% k bSdS ^S [`àhSU[s`&[`hWÙ[s`'

FWda ^S [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW cgW SYaT[S S^ WeU^Sha% eg [ÙSbSU[VSVbSdS VWfWd_[`Sd VW g`S hWl bad faVSe W` cgo cgWVS ^S dW^SU[sÙa` eg Efda% W^ d[WeYa VW g` S_ad a g` aV[a% WfU'% faVa W^â UBNCJÔ

VWeYSddS S^ S_a3 S bWeSd VW eg a_`[bafWÙ[S SbSdW`fW% W^ S_afS_T[o` VWTW W`XdW`fSdeW bWd_S`W`fW_W`fW Ua` ^S h[hWÙ[S VW g`bae[T^W XdSUSea VW g`S ha^g`fSV VW Va_[`[a W`fW`V[VS Ua_aNBTUFSZ a eWradqa STea^gfa eaTdW eg WeU^Sha'

;efS We ^S bdW_[eS fmU[fS% W^ d[WeYa VW faVS dW^SU[s`% ^S

_[e_a% fS_baUa ZSTdqS W^ SYd[VgÛW eSTad VW^ VWeWaÅ'

,' <dSÙa[e HagefS`Y% ÄKÙWdfS[`fkÅ "*21+#% 9DUPCFS Dw +1% Ibd[`Y *21-% bb'*))&*)*'

+.

[ÙWdf[Vg_TdW XSfS^ cgW bdakWUfS eaTdW W^ Zad[la`fW VW â SUfgS^~a VW â bafWÙ[S^_W`fW bae[T^W~ g`S Yd[WfS UgS^ bg`fa VW XgYSS fdShoe VW ^S UgS^ bgWVW VWe^[lSdeW k WeUSTg^^[deW W^ WeU^Sha W`TgeUS VW g`S dWUa_bae[U[s` S^fWd`Sf[hS VW eg [VW`f[VSV Ua_aeg\Wfa Zg_Sà' :W S^^q W^ b^S`fWS_[W`fa VW <agUSg^f eaTdW ^SeX[egdSe a bae[T[^[VSVWe VW WeUSbW Td[`VSVSe bad ^S [_bae[T[^[VSVVW eWradqa fafS^ S^ bWèSd ^Se dW^SU[a`We VW baVWd3

ÄDa ZSk dW^SU[s` VW baVWd e[` âe _WV[ae VW WeUSbW% VWbae[T^W STS`Vaà' JaVS dW^SU[s` VW baVWd [_b^[US% S^_Wàe JO QPUFOUJB# g`S WefdSfWY[S VW ^gUZS W` ^S UgS^ ^SeVae XgWdlSe à eW egbWdba`W`% à b[WdVW` eg `SfgdS^WlSWebWUqX[US% k bad u^f[_a% fS_baUa fWd_[`S` bad Ua`Xg`V[deWW`fdW eq' 9SVS g`S Uaèf[fgkW bSdS ^S afdS g`S egWdfW VW^q_[fW bWd_S`W`fW% g` bg`fa VW bae[T^W dWhWde[s`Å "-#'

*% =WZ LWYWTJYRWZ%

:W Scgq eW VWebdW`VW` hSd[Se UaeSe VW [_badfSÙ[S bSdS ^SdW^SU[s` W`fW â gà k eg Efda' Fd[_Wda% e[ faVS [VW`f[VSV bdaUWVWVW g` WecgW_S dW^SU[a`S^ cgW ^[YS S â gà Ua` g` Efda% à eWbgWVW ZST^Sd VW g` TFS WFSEBEFSP Ugka WefSd W` W^ _g`Va eWhWd[X[cgW Ua_a dWS^[lSU[s` a S^[W`SU[s`' ;efW f[ba VW SdYg_W`fa%Ua` d[TWfWe bdab[ae VW g`S _WfSXqe[US VW^ eg\Wfa% V[egW^hW ^S[ÙWdf[Vg_TdW VW ^S [VW`f[VSV bdWeU[`V[W`Va VW^ Efda3 e[ ^S[VW`f[VSV Seg_W ^Se Xad_Se VW ^S dWS^[lSU[s` b^W`S "eWd hWdVSVWda#a VW^ TâcgWa W`S\W`S`fW "_[ef[X[USU[s` S^[W`S`fW#% W`faÙWe W^_a_W`fa bgdS_W`fW dW^SU[a`S^ W`fdW W^ gà k eg Efda We% W` W^_W\ad VW âe USeae% g` _Wda SYdWYSVa VW hSâd eWUg`VSd[a cgWabWdS Ua_a USfS^[lSVad a Ua_a XdWà bSdS ^S W^gU[VSU[s` VW g`S[VW`f[VSV [`_S`W`fW UgkSe UaadVW`SVSe kS Wefm` VSVSe VW

-' C[UZW^ <agUSg^f% ÄJZW IgT\WUf S`V FaiWdÅ% W` >gTWdf :dWkXge k FSg^HST[ài% 7JDIFM 0PVDBVMU) ,FZPOE <USVDUVSBMJTN BOE 2FSNFOFVUJDT# JZW>SdhWefWd FdWee% 8d[YZfa`% ;`Y^S`V% *21+% b' ++.'

+/

S`fW_Sà' Da bgWVW ZSTWd g`S [VW`f[VSV e[` W^ Efda% Wefa We% g`S[VW`f[VSV bdWh[S S ^S [èWdU[s` VW^ [`V[h[Vga W` W^ Uu_gâ VWdW^SU[a`We cgW ^W bWd_[f[dm` SUUWVWd S eg Zg_S`[VSV k% _me Su`%cgW ^W Ua`VW`Sdm` S dWUa_W`lSd Ua`f[`gS_W`fW eg Zg_S`[lSU[s`".#'

IW fdSfS VW g` VWef[à [`Wh[fST^W bad W^ UgS^ faVae VWTWdm`ÄdWUaddWd ^S ^SdYS _SdUZS XadlSVS cgW Ua`h[WdfW S ^SdhSe VW_S_qXWdae W` `[rae Zg_Sàe% W` TVKFUPTf "/#' :W S^^q cgW%Wefd[UfS_W`fW ZST^S`Va% à ZSk g` TFS EFHSBEBEP W` W^ eW`f[VaVW WeWÙ[Se W_baTdWU[VSe% e[à _me T[W` _aVS^[VSVWe VWegT\Wf[hSU[s`% V[hWdeae US_[àe cgW ^^WhS` S ^Se MBSWBT EF

NBN_GFSPT S SUUWVWd S eg Zg_S`[VSV ~eWS Ua_a eg\Wfae S_S`fWea fa^WdS`fWe VW^ baVWd cgW âe ea_WfW !CVFOPT TVKFUPT" a Ua_aeg\Wfae cgW eW dWTW^S` Ua`fdS W^ V[eUgdea VW^ baVWd k Ua`fdS âebaVWdaeae !NBMPT TVKFUPT"%

IWYg`Va% ZSk g` d[WeYa cgW W`XdW`fS W^ S_a cgW VWeWS_S`fW`Wd W` h[YWÙ[S ^S dW^SU[s`% bWda fS_T[o` Wj[efW g` d[WeYacgW eW b^S`fWS S eq _[e_a W^ eWdh[Vad S`fW ^S [ÙWdf[Vg_TdWbdahaUSVS bad W^ S`ZWâ bad ^S ^[TWdfSV k W^ fW_ad S bWdVWd eg ^gYSdUa_a eWdh[Vad' :SJNB GBDJF# bgWe% à eW bgWVW VWfWd_[`Sd W^ UgdeaVW ^S V[SVS3 bgWVW Ua`f[`gSd "_S`fW`WdeW(dWbdaVgU[deW# a bgWVWVW\Sd VW eWd "fdSèXad_SdeW([`fWddg_b[deW#' ;^ o`XSe[e W` ^SV[_Wè[s` VW^ VWeWa a ^S `WUWe[VSV bad ^S h[VS VW^ Efda We â cgWW` VWX[`[f[hS bae[T[^[fS ^S SFQSPEVDDJaO VW ^Se dW^SU[a`We WeU^Sha&S_a k bda^WfSd[a&USb[fS^[efS% _[W`fdSe cgW% bad W^ Ua`fdSd[a% W^

.' Ä;^ PUSP à Wj[efW3 fS^ We ^S XW dSU[a`S^% ^S [ÙgdST^W UdWWÙ[S VW ^S dSls`Zg_S`S% ?VW`f[VSV 5 dWS^[VSV% Ua_a e[% S X[` VW UgW`fSe% faVa ZgT[WdS VW eWd%STea^gfS k `WUWeSd[S_W`fW% VOP Z MP NJTNP% FWda â PUSP à eW VW\S W^[_[`Sd%egTe[efW% bWde[efW4 We W^ ZgWea Vgda VW daWd W` cgW ^S dSls` eW VW\S âe V[W`fWe'7TW^ CSdv!`% Ua` XW baof[US% à _Wàe Zg_S`S cgW ^S XW dSU[a`S^% UdWqS FO MP

PUSP# W` ÇBS WeWÙ[S^ >WfWdaYW`W[VSV VW^ eWdÉ% Ua_a e[ V[\odS_ae W` ^S [ÙgdST^WPUSFEBE cgW bSVWUW MP VOP % 7`fa`[a CSUZSVa% U[fSVa bad EUfSh[a FSl W` /M

MBCFSJOUP EF MB TPMFEBE% <a`Va VW 9g^fgdS ;Ua`s_[US% Coj[Ua% *2.2'

/' Bag[e 7^fZgeeWd% 0SFVE Z 6BDBO# 9gSVWdàe VW 7`SYdS_S% 8SdUWâ`S% *20)'

+0

VWeSdda^â VW g` VWeWa bad ^S _gWdfW VW^ afda ~W` fS`fa S_a% àW` â cgW dWebWUfS S eg Ua`V[U[s` VW eWd h[h[W`fW~ We â cgW bgWVWUa`VgU[d UhW`fgS^_W`fW S g`S JOUFSSVQDJaO VW^ U[dUg[fa dWbdaVgU&f[ha VW ^S V[SôUf[US'

JWdUWda% VWeVW W^ _a_W`fa W` cgW Wefm` WefSe Vae abU[a`We%[`VWbW`V[W`fW_W`fW VW e[ ^S [`fWddgbU[s` "a fdSèXad_SU[s`# eWbdWeW`fS Ua_a e[fgSU[s` SUfgS^ a bafWÙ[S^% eW bgWVW VWU[d cgW ^SV[SôUf[US WjZ[TW âe fdSlae VW g`S BHPO_TUJDB "VW^ Yd[WYa BHaO

a ^gUZS#' BS [ÙUdf[Vg_TdW SUWdUS VW ^S dW^SU[s` Ua` W^ Efda% ^SeKVHBEBT W`fdW W^ gà k eg Efda% ^S UFOTJaO EJBM^DUJDB VW ^S h[VSZg_S`S% ^S bgWefS W` _SdUZS VW^ VWeWa% W^ d[WeYa% WfU'3 faVa W^âWe egeUWbf[T^W VW eWd STadVSVa VWeVW ^S sbf[US VW^ BHaO% VW ^S ^gUZSW` W^ eW`f[Va VW baVWd k dWe[efWÙ[S "a baVWd k Ua`fdS&baVWd#'

7^Ya Seq bdaba`W BkafSdV ZSU[W`Va g`S S`SâYqS Ua` âe\gWYae VW^ ^W`YgS\W' BkafSdV eaef[W`W Ua_a bd[_Wd bd[Ù[b[a VW_ofaVa cgW ÄZST^Sd We Ua_TSf[d% W` W^ eW`f[Va VW \gYSd% k cgW âeSUfae VW^ ^W`YgS\W eW VWd[hS` VW g`S SYa`qef[US YW`WdS^' ;ea àe[Y`[X[US `WUWeSd[S_W`fW cgW eW \gWYgW bSdS YS`Sd' IW bgWVW ZSUWdg`S \gYSVS bad W^ b^SUWd VW [`hW`fSd^S3 |cgo afdS UaeS Wj[efW W`W^ fdSTS\a VW Zaef[YS_[W`fa VW ^S ^W`YgS cgW ^^WhS` S USTa W^ ZST^Sbabg^Sd a ^S ^[fWdSfgdS6Å ;efa eW Ua_b^W_W`fS Ua` g` eWYg`Vabd[Ù[b[a% S eSTWd% cgW W^ Ä^Sla eaU[S^ Wefm ZWUZa VW KVHBEBT VW^W`YgS\WÅ% cgW ÄWeSe KVHBEBT à bgWVW` VW\Sd VW egeU[fSd DPOUSB

KVHBEBTÅ cgW egba`W` ^S bdWeWÙ[S VW abae[U[a`We% dWe[efWÙ[Se%VWeb^SlS_[W`fae k WefdSfWY[Se à e[W_bdW egeUWbf[T^We VW eWdUSÛg^SVSe VW S`fW_Sà% a â cgW We â _[e_a% [_bae[T^W VW bdWhWdege WXWUfae k dWeg^fSVae VW S`fW_Sà "0#'

0' @WS`&<dSÙa[e BkafSdV% 6B DPOEJDJaO QPTUd7PEFSOB "*202#% ;V[U[a`We9mfWVdS% CSVd[V% *21-% bb' +0&+1% ,2' BkafSdV SYdWYS cgW eSUS â VW ^S SYa`qef[USVW ^S a`faâYqS VW >WdmU^[fa k VW ^S V[SôUf[US VW âe eaX[efSe' ;efm U^Sda cgWD[WfleUZW dWfa_S WefS ^q`WS VW bWèS_[W`fa k ^S VWeSdda^^S Ua` eg àU[s` VW ^Sha^g`fSV VW baVWd4 ^S U[fS VW <agUSg^f SUWdUS VW ^Se dW^SU[a`We VW baVWd cgWegba`W` ^S dWe[efWÙ[S fS_T[o` eW gT[US W` ^S _[e_S ^q`WS' IaTdW >WdmU^[fa% eWbgWVW Uaèg^fSd W^ ^[Tda VW 7`fa`[a ;eUaZafSVa% .F QIZTJT B QPMJT) MB FWPMVDJaO

EFM QFOTBNJFOUP GJMPTaGJDP HSJFHP EFTEF =BMFT B <aDSBUFT% 7`SYdS_S% 8SdUWâ`S%*20.% bb' .1&11'

+1

IW bgWVW VWU[d W`faÙWe cgW USVS gà VW âe baâe cgW[`fWdh[W`W` W` g`S dW^SU[s` VW baVWd% dW^SU[s` VW XgWdlS%Uaèf[fgkW W^ T^SÙa% W^ aT\Wf[ha k W^ ^q_[fW VW ^Se \gYSVSe [`[U[SVSebad W^ afda' 9a` ^S Xsd_g^S baVWd&Ua`fdSbaVWd% ^S UFOTJaO

EJBM^DUJDB W`fdW â _[e_a k eg Efda STS`Va`S VWX[`[f[hS_W`fW W^fWddWà dSU[a`S^[efS VW^ U[dUg[fa UFTJT$BOU_UFTJT$T_OUFTJT ZWdWVSVaVW >WYW^% cgW egba`W g` VWeSdda^â Wha^gf[ha SeUW`VW`fW% g`S^sY[US VW^ QSPHSFTP IVNBOP fS` USdSUfWdqef[US VW ^S ?^gefdSU[s`WgdabWS k VW^ bae[f[h[e_a cgW USgf[hs S^ e[Yâ N?N' IW fdSfS SZadSVW g`S V[SôUf[US à dSU[a`S^[efS% bgdS_W`fW Zg_S`S% UgkaU[dUg[fa% QPEFS$DPOUSBQPEFS$OVFWP QPEFS% à aXdWUW YSdS`fqSeSUWdUS VW ^S V[dWUU[s` cgW Seg_[dm W^ bdaUWea VW US_T[a3 S^ àbaVWd WjbgêSdeW âe W^W_W`fae VW [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW k d[WeYa% eW STdW^S bae[T[^[VSV bSdS cgW ScgW^â cgW bSdWUqS X[d_W_W`fW SeW`fSVa~g` baVWd% g`S [VW`f[VSV a g`S Ua`cg[efS ^STadS^~ bgWVS eWdWhW`fgS^_W`fW dWhWdf[Va'

9gSdfa% k Wefa kS eW ZS SVW^S`fSVa W` U[Wdfa _aVa UgS`VaeW SX[d_s cgW W^ _g`Va We g`S egWdfW VW _g^f[hWdea VW dW^SU[a`We%^S Wj[efWÙ[S eaU[WfS^ à bgWVW UaÙWT[deW Ua_a g`S g`[VSVbd[_Sd[S% Sd_s`[US k Za_Waefmf[US% Va`VW W^ Ua`X^[Ufa SbSdWUWesâ Ua_a V[edgbU[s` VW ad[YW` WjfWdà' JS_baUa USTdqSUaè[VWdSd S ^S eaU[WVSV VWeVW ^S sbf[US VW ^S fWadqS VW e[efW_SeVWd[hSVS VW ^S U[TWdòf[US% bgWefa cgW WefS egba`W ^S abWdSU[s`VW _WUS`[e_ae SgfadWYg^Sfad[ae cgW _S`f[W`W` ^S [VW`f[VSV VWÛa`\g`fa S bWeSd VW âe US_T[ae SbSdW`fWe ~â cgW eW egW^WVWà_[`Sd BVUPQPJFTJT "1#' Fad W^ Ua`fdSd[a% e[ W^ BHaO Wefm

1' 7^Ya Seq b^S`fWS 8d[S` ;à SUWdUS VW ^S _ue[US W` g`S W`fdWh[efS W` ^S dWh[efS5FZCPBSE# @g^k *21*% bb' -+&//' ;à eW dWX[WdW S Ua_bae[U[a`We _ge[US^We%hS`YgSdV[efSe% k Ua_bSdS eg WefdgUfgdS Ua` ^S VW âe e[efW_Se T[a^sY[Uae%VWà_[`SVae BVMPQPJ^TJDPT bad eg fW`VWÙ[S S _S`fW`Wd eg bdab[S [VW`f[VSV' 7^ZSUWd ^gWYa g`S S`SâYqS W`fdW oefae k âe e[efW_Se ba^qf[Uae k W^ _WdUSVa% ;àbdWegba`W W` U[WdfS _WV[VS ^S fWadqS U^me[US VW^ Wcg[^[Td[a% ^S abWdSU[s` VW g`SNBOP JOWJTJCMF cgW dWYg^S S^ _WdUSVa k S^ e[efW_S ba^qf[Ua' 7eq% Ua_a eWrS^S`9dal[Wd k <d[WVTWdY% W^ _aVWâ VW [èb[dSU[s` U[TWdòf[US cgW S^[_W`fS W^ S`m^[e[ee[efp_[Ua bWd_[fW Wh[fSd W^ hWdVSVWda VWTSfW% W^ VW^ USdmUfWd Ä[ddWVgUf[T^W_W`fW[`VWfWd_[`SVa% We VWU[d ba^qf[Ua% VW âe e[efW_Se eaU[S^WeÅ' 9[fSVa bad ;_[^[a VW?ba^S k @gS` 9Sdâe FadfS`f[Wda W` Ä9d[e[e eaU[S^ k bSUfa VW_aUdmf[Ua % W` :VOUPEF ?JTUB% 7ra L??% Dw +*% 8gWàe 7[dWe% 7Yaefa *21-% b' *.'

+2

bdWeW`fW S fdShoe VW ^Se \gYSVSe k Ua`fdS\gYSVSe "Ua_a dWe[efW`&U[Se a Ua`fdSbaVWdWe# cgW eW VWeSdda^^S` W` _u^f[b^We bg`faeV[XWdWÙ[SVae% e[ ^S [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW bdWeW`fW W` W^ \gWYa V[SôUf[UaW`fdW W^ gà k eg Efda [_b[VW âYdSd ^S UWdfWlS fafS^ ~k badUaè[Yg[W`fW% W^ _a_W`fa VW U[WddW VW^ e[efW_S% W^ _a_W`fa VWêWradqa STea^gfa VW g`S VW ^Se bSdfWe~% k e[ ^S eaU[WVSV We g`_g^f[hWdea VW dW^SU[a`We VW WefW f[ba% W`faÙWe ^S g`[VSV([VW`f[VSVVW^ e[efW_S eaU[WfS^ à eWdqS kS g` QVOUP EF QBSUJEB QSFTVQVFTUP#

e[à _me T[W` g`S NFUB TJFNQSF QPTQVFTUB cgW VWTW eWdbWdeWYg[VS k dWUa_W`lSVS Ua`f[`gS_W`fW'

BS bdabgWefS VW JagdS[`W% cgW fdSfS S MB TPDJFEBE DPNP

DBNQP QPM_UJDP# eW S\gefS T[W` S WefS h[e[s`' IWYu` o^3

Ä:W Scgq W` SVW^S`fW ^S eaU[WVSV à eWdm _me g` bd[Ù[b[aVW g`[VSV3 We W^ dWeg^fSVa VW ege Ua`X^[Ufae eaU[S^We k VW^Se YdS`VWe ad[W`fSU[a`We Ug^fgdS^We cgW ea` eg W`fadà!FOKFV#' Da We _me g`S WeWÙ[S e[à g` SUa`fWU[_[W`fa' 7eqUa_a g`S adYS`[lSU[s` à We e[à W^ WefSVa [`WefST^W kbdah[e[a`S^ VW ^Se dW^SU[a`We W`fdW âe Ydgbae eaU[S^We cgWbaeWW` a à baeWW` ^S Sgfad[VSV W` W^ [`fWd[ad VWVWfWd_[`SVae ^q_[fWe% g`S eaU[WVSV Se[_[e_a à We e[àg`S _WlU^S US_T[S`fW VW Ua`X^[Ufae ^SfW`fWe a ST[Wdfae% VW`WYaU[SU[a`We% VW Va_[`SU[s` [_bgWefS% VW h[a^WÙ[S k VWVWeadVW`' Da eW bgWVW Ua_bdW`VWd W^ SUfa S fdShoe VW ^SeaU[WVSV S ^S UgS^ bWdfW`WUW4 ZSk cgW bSdf[d VW âe SUfadWek VW âe Ua`X^[Ufae cgW âe aba`W` k S fdShoe VW âe UgS^We^S eaU[WVSV eW bdaVgUW S eq _[e_SÅ "2#'

2' 7^S[` JagdS[`W% ÄBS hal k ^S _[dSVS % W` ;FWJTUB 7FYJDBOB EF <PDJPMPH_B#-(*202% b' *),-' HWY[e VW 9Sefda 7`VdSVW dWfa_S ^S u^f[_S XdSeW VW WefS U[fSbdaba`[W`Va S^Ya e[_[^Sd W` eg ÄB[TWdfSV [`fW^WUfgS^ k VW_aUdSU[SÅ% W` .BWJEZ 1PMJBUI 7ra NL% Dw -1 "ù_Wda WebWU[S^#% 8gWàe 7[dWe% Dah[W_TdW *21.%bb' .+~.2' :W 9Sefda V[UW cgW Äe[` VgVS% ^Se dW^SU[a`We eaU[S^We f[W`W` dSqUWeW` g`S aT\Wf[h[VSV eaU[S^% Z[efsd[US_W`fW VWfWd_[`SVS W [èUd[bfS W` W^ adVW`YâTS^ h[YW`fW' FWda% TS\a W^ eW`f[Va VW SUU[s` Ua^WUf[hS% [ÙadbadS fS_T[o` g`QSPZFDUP) [`àhSU[s`% W^WUU[s`% `WYSU[s` VW WeW adVW`' 6PT TVKFUPT TPDJBMFT# QPS

DPOTJHVJFOUF# TF DPOTUJUVZFO TPMBNFOUF FO FM BDUP NJTNP EF TV JOUFSBDDJaO* Z#TJ FTP FT WFSEBE# MB QSFUFOTJaO EF DPOPDFSMPT B USBW^T EFM DPOPDJNJFOUP EFM

TJTUFNB FO FM RVF TF DPOTUJUVZFO OP TF KVTUJGJDBf "W^ egTdSkSVa We _qa#'

,)

O% _me dWU[W`fW_W`fW3

Ä>Sk cgW dWbdWeW`fSd S ^S eaU[WVSV Ua_a g` US_ba VWdW^SU[a`We eaU[S^We Ua`X^[UfgS^We ~cgW bgWVW` Ua`VgU[d S^Se dgbfgdSe ba^qf[USe a% bad W^ Ua`fdSd[a% bgWVW` eWd`WYaU[SVSe k VSd b[W S Ua_bda_[eae dW^Sf[hS_W`fW WefS&T^We~ k ZSUWd SbSdWUWd Se[_[e_a ^Se `gWhSe USdSUfWdqef[USeVW g`S eaU[WVSV cgW à f[W`W g`S `SfgdS^WlS% bgWefa cgWW^^S We bad Ua_b^Wfa W^ bdaVgUfa VW^ fdSTS\a cgW W^^S W\WdUWeaTdW eq _[e_SÅ "*)#'

+% 3TP\VJZ LWVZNL\NVLRJZ%

;` W^ V[eUgdea ba^qf[Ua VW^ ^[TWdS^[e_a dWha^gU[a`Sd[aXdSÙoe eW bgWVW WÙa`fdSd g` dWUaàU[_[W`fa Wjb^qU[fa VWÛSdmUfWd V[XWdWÙ[S^(dW^SU[a`S^ VW^ ^Sla eaU[S^% Ua_a Se[_[e_a VW^S V[_Wè[s` SYa`qef[US VW WeW ^Sla% WebWU[S^_W`fW Ua` dWebWUfaS^ adVW`S_[W`fa \gdqV[Ua' <dSÙa[e =WadYW Uaè[VWdS cgW ^SHWha^gU[s` <dSÙWeS fdSfs VW VWXW`VWd% W`fdW afdSe UaeSe% fdWeUgWef[a`We VW [_badfSÙ[S bSdS â cgW eW Wefm fdSfS`Va Scgq3 W^VWdWUZa S Wj[ef[d Ua_a [`V[h[Vga Sgfsà_a% W^ VWdWUZa S Wj[ef[dW` eaU[WVSV e[` cgW W^ [`V[h[Vga eWS VWhadSVa bad g`S eaU[WVSVfafS^% k W^ ZWUZa cgW ^S ^Wk VWTW SUWbfSd ^S WjfW_S^[VSV VW ^SedW^SU[a`We k BSCJUSBS W` ^Se Ua`Xda`fSU[a`We W`fdW [`V[h[VgaeVW`fda VW ^S dW^SU[s` Ua` W^ Efda S`fWe cgW fdSfSd VW g`[dâe "**#';` afdSe bS^STdSe% eW fdSfS VW g` V[eUgdea UgkS bdmUf[US SUWbfS ^SSgfaà_qS VW^ gà W [Ù^gea â bdafWYW VW âe [`fW`fae VW eWradqaSTea^gfa ~hWdVSVWdSe bdWfWè[a`We a_`qhadSe~ VW^ YdS` EfdaUa^WUf[ha VW ^S obaUS% W^ WefSVa% k cgW SUWbfS W^ USdmUfWd SYa`qef[UaVW ^S h[VS eaU[WfS^ S^ dWUaàUWd% TS\a ^S Xad_S VW ^S ^Wk% ^SWjfWd`S^[VSV [ddWVgUf[T^W "V[XWdWÙ[S k fWè[s` bafWÙ[S^# bdWeW`fWW` faVS dW^SU[s` W`fdW [`V[h[Vgae'

*)' 7^S[` JagdS[`W% ^W ;FUPVS EF 6 +DUFVS# <SkSdV% FSd[e% *21-% b' +-1'

**' <dSÙa[e =WadYW% ÄE` 9a`fdSV[Uf[a` % =FUPT ,/% Ig__Wd *201% bb' ..&1)'

,*

;e bae[T^W VWfWUfSd W` âe WeUd[fae VW @aZ` IfgSdf C[^[ ^SSdf[Ug^SU[s` VW g` V[eUgdea ba^qf[Ua W` W^ UgS^ eW fdSfS VW Ua`\gYSd^S ^[TWdfSV [`V[h[VgS^% ^S S^fWd[VSV k W^ Ua`X^[Ufa W` W^ fWddWàeaU[WfS^' C[^[ eW b^S`fWS W^ bdaT^W_S VW Us_a XSU[^[fSd ^S _mj[_S^[TWdfSV bae[T^W bSdS USVS [`V[h[Vga e[` VWeUg[VSd ^S ^[TWdfSV VWâe VW_me' Ig bdabgWefS VWeUSèS W` W^ bd[Ù[b[a dWUfad VW^ PUIFST

SFHBSEJOH BDUJPOT# hS^W VWU[d% cgW ^Se SUU[a`We VW gà VWTW` fW`WdW` UgW`fS âe WXWUfae VW oefSe eaTdW âe VW_me "*+#' BS eaU[WVSVcgW Wef[_g^S W^ _mj[_a VWeSdda^â VW ^Se bafWÙ[S^[VSVWe VWÛa`\g`fa VW âe [`V[h[Vgae We ScgW^^S W` ^S UgS^ W^ ^q_[fW VW ^S^[TWdfSV [`V[h[VgS^ SbSdWUW Va`VW Ua_[W`lS ^S ^[TWdfSV VW^ afda';efa We dWUaY[Va W` 7_od[US BSf[`S bad W^ _Wj[USà 8W`[fa @gmdWlUgS`Va bdaU^S_S ~^[fWdS^_W`fW% UdWa~ cgW W^ VWdWUZa bdab[afWd_[`S Va`VW Ua_[W`lS W^ VWdWUZa S\Wà'

7^Yg`Se VW ^Se bdWYg`fSe cgW eW VWebdW`VW` VW oefWb^S`fWS_[W`fa ea`3 |Vs`VW Ua_[W`lS ^S ^[TWdfSV VW^ afda6% |Vs`VWUa_[W`lS W^ VWdWUZa S\Wà6% |Us_a eSTWd Ugm^ We W^ ^q_[fW VW _[^[TWdfSV S`fWe cgW ege WXWUfae Sb^SefW` S^ afda6 ;e Wh[VW`fW cgWC[^[ f[W`VW S b^S`fWSd ^S UgWef[s` VWeVW ^S bWdebWUf[hS! VW g`àd_Sf[h[e_a \gdqV[Ua "eg Xad_S VW Uaèf[fgU[s` k h[YWÙ[S#% cgWVS bad eW`fSVa W^ USdmUfWd ^[TWdS^ VW^ Ua`\g`fa eaU[WfS^% k cgW egSdYg_W`fSU[s` eW Sdf[Ug^S Ua` g` V[eUgdea W_[`W`fW_W`fW _adS^SUWdUS VW^ [`V[h[Vga k ^S eaU[WVSV' FWda g`S ^WUfgdS ba^qf[US VW^fWjfa VW C[^[ bWd_[f[dqS VWeSdda^^Sd g`S fWe[e a bdabgWefS_WfaVa^sY[US USbSl VW WjfW`VWd eg SdYg_W`fSU[s` S afdaem_T[fae' 7 YdS`VWe fdSlae% eW bgWVW W`gÙ[Sd WefS fWe[e VW ^Se[Yg[W`fW _S`WdS3 MB MJCFSUBE EFM 9USP TaMP QVFEF DPNFO[BS BMM_

EPOEF NJ QSPQJB MJCFSUBE TF FODVFOUSB DPO FM EJTDVSTP EF MB

MJCFSUBE FOVODJBEP Z EFGFOEJEP QPS FM 9USP# EPOEF NJ MJCFSUBE TF

FOGSFOUF DPO MB SFTJTUFODJB FSJHJEB QPS FM 9USP%

:W WefS _S`WdS% eW ba`W VW _S`[X[Wefa cgW esâ e[ eW aba`Wg`S dWe[efWÙ[S eW bgWVW ZSUWd egdY[d W` ^S egbWdX[U[W VW â h[e[T^Wg` W\WdU[U[a VW^ baVWd Ua_a abdWe[ha k S g` eg\Wfa cgW dWe[efW

*+' @aZ` IfgSdf C[^^% 9O 6JCFSUZ "*1.2#% JZW B[TWdS^ 7dfe FdWee% DWi Oad]% *2./'

,+

Ua_a abd[_[Va3 S`fW ^S SgeWÙ[S VW g`S dWe[efWÙ[S à We ^WYqf[_aZST^Sd VW g` baVWd abdWead a VW g` eg\Wfa abd[_[Va' K`S _g\WdcgW à UgWef[a`S W^ _aàba^[a VW ^S Sgfad[VSV k VW ^S VWU[e[s`VW eg Us`kgYW W` W^ eWà VW ^S dW^SU[s` VW bSdW\S% cgW à aba`WdWe[efWÙ[S S`fW g`S e[fgSU[s` VW egTadV[`SU[s` dWS^ VSVS bad g`SUaV[X[USU[s` _SeUg^[`S VW^ _g`Va% k cgW Uaè[VWdS ^S VW_Sd&USU[s` VW g` bSdSV[Y_S VW â XW_W`[à W` U^ShW bSfd[SdUS^ Ua_aS^Ya bWdXWUfS_W`fW `SfgdS^ ~k% bad W`VW% à fdSèXad_ST^W~ àbgWVW Uaè[VWdSdeW S eq _[e_S Ua_a PQSJNJEB W` W^ eW`f[VaWefd[Ufa VW ^S WjbdWe[s`'

;eS _[e_S _g\Wd bgWVW bWdU[T[d cgW eg egTadV[`SU[s` W`g` _g`Va _SeUg^[`[lSVa ^S UaâUS W` W^ ^gYSd VW^ abd[_[Va% hS^WVWU[d% bgWVW dWUaàUWd cgW Wefm [èWdfS W` dW^SU[a`We Se[_ofd[USeVW XgWdlS USdSUfWdqef[USe VW^ baVWd3 ^S bgWefS W` V[eUgdea VW g`Se[fgSU[s` bWd_[fW adYS`[lSd ege WjbWd[WÙ[Se h[h[VSe Ua_aPQSFTJWBT k à_TdSdeW S eq _[e_S Ua_a eg\Wfa VW g`S abdWe[s`'FWda e[ S bWeSd VW faVa fa^WdS W^ baVWd cgW ^S ea_WfW% eW bgWVWUaèfSfSd cgW W`fdW W^ SFDPOPDJNJFOUP EF VOB TJUVBDJaO k ^SUSBOTGPSNBDJaO EF MB TJUVBDJaO ZSk g`S V[efSÙ[S Ugka eS^fadWcg[WdW g`S _WV[SU[s` cgW à eW bgWVW VWVgU[d VW ^S DPODJFODJB

bgdS k e[_b^W' BS ^[TWdfSV VW ^S _g\Wd ~W` fS`fa 9USP abd[_[Va~dWcg[WdW fS_T[o` g`S SFTJTUFODJB bSdS fdSfSd VW US_T[Sd ^Se UaeSe'

,% =RKNYJLRdV LWUW YRNZPW%

FWda ^S ^[TWdfSV% W`fW`V[VS Ua_a bdaUWea VW ^[TWdSU[s`%Ua_a ^gUZS bWd_S`W`fW bgWefa cgW à eW âYdS VW g`S hWl badfaVSe k cgW bgWVW eWd dWhWdf[VS% [`ha^gUdS g` W^W_W`fa VW d[WeYabafWÙ[S^3 MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF MB EFSSPUB% 7eg_[d W^ d[WeYa VW ^S^[TWdSU[s` We da_bWd Ua` W^ aTefmUgâ VW ^S Ua_b^SUWÙ[S VW^WeU^Sha S ^S eg_[e[s` S`fW W^ baVWdaea cgW eW Wd[YW Ua_a eg Efda4Seg_[d WeW d[WeYa We â cgW W` VWX[`[f[hS bWd_[fW g` ZSUWd&fdSèXad_Sd W^ _g`Va' ;` U[Wdfa _aVa% Wefa Ua[Ù[VW Ua` ^S [VWSVW HSBN\UJDB EF MB WJEB egYWd[VS bad 9aabWd3

,,

ÄBSe YdS_mf[USe VW ^S h[VS eW dWX[WdW` S âe _aVae VWWefdgUfgdSU[s` VW^ d[WeYa Ua` b^W`S ^gU[VWl% W` USVSe[fgSU[s` VW ^S h[VS' BS SUf[fgV VW à Sdd[WeYSdeW [_b^[US^S aTWV[WÙ[S S^ [_bWdSf[ha S\Wà esâ bSdS ^S eWYgd[VSVeg[U[VS VW ^S bdab[S Ua`hW`[WÙ[S bWdea`S^' ;^ d[WeYaUaè[efW W` Seg_[d ^S dWebaèST[^[VSV UgS`Va à cgWVS`S^fWd`Sf[hSeÅ "*,#'

JS`fa W` W^ USea VW ^S _g\Wd Ua_a W` W^ VW afdae abd[_[Vae%W^ eWUdWfa VW ^S ^[TWdfSV eW VWeUgTdW W` W^ _a_W`fa VW ^gU[VWlW_Td[SYSVadS cgW bWd_[fW S^ ea_Wf[Va bWdU[T[d g` bg`fa VW XgYSe[W_bdW bdWeW`fW W` faVS dW^SU[s` VW baVWd3 ^S [_bae[T[^[VSV VWêWradqa STea^gfa g a_`[bafWÙ[S VW^ S_a "baVWd# eaTdW W^âe% ^S[_bae[T[^[VSV VW g`S _[dSVS bS`sbf[US VW^ baVWdaea cgW cg[WdWbWda à bgWVW Ua`fda^Sd faVae âe [`fWdef[U[ae VW eg WebSU[a% ^S[_bae[T[^[VSV VW faVa e[efW_S VW Va_[`SU[s` VW âYdSd W^_a_W`fa _qf[Ua VW^ U[WddW VW g` UqdUgâ cgW faVa â W`YâTS kcgW `SVS VW\S e[` STSdUSd'

;^ SUfa VW dWTW^[s` ^W WèWrS S^ ea_Wf[Va cgW eg abdWe[s`%bWdXWUfS_W`fW dWS^ k bS^bST^W% Wefm TSeSVS W` YdS` _WV[VS W` egbdab[a UaèW`f[_[W`fa% W` eg fW_ad S Sdd[WeYSdeW% W` eg UdWWÙ[SW` ^S a_`[bafWÙ[S VW eg afda% W` eg à&dWe[efWÙ[S' BS dWTW^[s`^W WèWrS% Ua` g`S eWÙ[^^Wl _SY[efdS^% cgW eg eWd à eW SYafS W`g`S [VW`f[VSV VW WeU^Sha k cgW eg S_a VWTW ZSUWd g` WeXgWdlabSdS _S`fW`Wdâ ea_Wf[Va3 ^S dWe[efWÙ[S ^W bWd_[fW h[e^g_TdSd ^SdWUa_bae[U[s` VW eg eWd XgWdS VW ^S dW^SU[s` cgW â abd[_W% ^WbWd_[fW VWeUgTd[d ^Se _u^f[b^We bae[T[^[VSVWe VW â Zg_Sà S bSdf[dVW^ USdmUfWd [ddWVgUf[T^W VW ^S S^fWd[VSV cgW [_b[VW bWèSd ^S[VW`f[VSV Ua_a S^Ya `SfgdS^% VSVa% X[\a W` ^S [_bae[T^W ea^WVSVVW â VOP a â NJTNP%

IW bgWVW SbdWU[Sd VW [`_WV[Sfa cgW ^S dWe[efWÙ[S% Ua_abdaUWea VW ^[TWdSU[s` VW g`S abdWe[s`% bSeS S eWd dWebaèST[^[VSV

*,' :Sh[V 9aabWd% 6B HSBN\UJDB EF MB WJEB "*20-#% 7d[W^% 8SdUWâ`S% *201% b'1

,-

WjU^ge[hS VW ScgW^âe cgW Wefm` eg\Wfae S g`S dW^SU[s` VW baVWd3^S dWbdWeW`fSU[s` a ^S VW^WYSU[s` à Wj[_W S^ abd[_[Va VW egbdab[S dWebaèST[^[VSV4 W^ dWbdWeW`fS`fW a W^ VW^WYSVa à bgWVWWd[Y[deW Ua_a u`[Ua UgefaV[a VW WeS ^[TWdSU[s`' 7^ _[e_a f[W_ba%dWeg^fS Wh[VW`fW cgW ^S dWbdaVgUU[s` VW^ ^gYSd VW^ abd[_[Va We S^YacgW à bgWVW SUZSUSdeW fS` eaâ S^ baVWdaea3 oefW esâ eW VWf[W`WUgS`Va eg SUU[a`Sd WÙgW`fdS g` ^q_[fW a g`S TSddWdS% bad â UgS^W^ abd[_[Va cgW à dWe[efW We bSdfqU[bW VW^ _S`fW`[_[W`fa VW ege[fgSU[s` Ua_a fS^' <[`S^_W`fW% WefS fWe[e aT^[YS S bWèSd W^_a_W`fa VW ^S dWe[efWÙ[S W` g`S dW^SU[s` VW [`fWd[ad[VSV Ua` W^baVWd% bWda dWUaàUW ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW g`S XgYS% VW g` WeUSbW VWWeS dW^SU[s`' BS V[_Wè[s` ba^qf[US VW WefS fWe[e egdYW Ua` ^S fSdWSVW Xad\Sd fS`fa W^ hqÙgâ baVWd&abdWe[s` Ua_a W^ `Wja baVWd&dWe[efWÙ[S a% â cgW We [YgS^% â ba^qf[Ua egdYW Ua` ^S UaèfdgUU[s`VW g` eg\Wfa Ua`fWefSfSd[a cgW% dWUaàU[W`Va eg abdWe[s` aVWeUgTd[W`Va cgW ^S e[fgSU[s` eW ZS hgW^fa [`fa^WdST^W% Wd[YW g`SdWe[efWÙ[S k eW W`XdW`fS Ua` W^ baVWd W` fS`fa Ua`fdSbaVWd'

;efa We S^Ya cgW bWèSVadWe fS^We Ua_a CSdj k ;`YWêUa_bdW`V[Wda` bWdXWUfS_W`fW T[W`% bgWe VW afdS _S`WdS ^Se XdSeWeVW^ 7BOJGJFTUP fS^We Ua_a Ä}Fda^WfSd[ae% K`[ae Å% a Ä^S fSdUS[`_WV[SfS VW âe bSdf[Vae Ua_g`[efSe We Uaèf[fg[d S âe bda^WfSd[aeW` g`S U^SeWÅ eWdqS` bWdXWUfS_W`fW dWVg`VS`fWe' I[ oefSe XgWda`[`haUSVSe Ua_a bdWaUgbSU[a`We UW`fdS^We% We badcgW ^S VOJEBE àWe g` Sfd[Tgfa [`fdqèWUa VW ScgW^âe cgW aUgbS` ^S bae[U[s` VWUSBCBKBEPSFT BTBMBSJBEPT W` ^S WefdgUfgdS VW dW^SU[a`We VWbdaVgUU[s`% k badcgW ZSk g`S V[efSÙ[S W`fdW bda^WfSd[SVa Ua_aDPOKVOUP EF BTBMBSJBEPT k bda^WfSd[SVa Ua_a DMBTF TPDJBM%

;e U[Wdfa cgW fS`fa ^S VOJEBE Ua_a ^S DMBTF eW Uaèf[fgkW`S bSdf[d VW ^S àU[s` VW WjbâfSU[s` VWeSdda^^SVS bad g` eSTWdSUWdUS VW â eaU[S^' FWda fS_T[o` We U[Wdfa cgW `[ ^S W`W_[efSVVW U^SeW `[ g` S`fSYa`[e_a VW U^SeW bgWVW` eWd VWd[hSVae VW ^SàU[s` WUa`s_[US VW WjbâfSU[s` bgdS k e[_b^W' IW dWcg[WdW g`S_WV[SU[s` cgW fdSèXad_W g`S dW^SU[s` WUa`s_[US W` g`Sabae[U[s` S_[Ya&SVhWdeSd[a% hS^W VWU[d% W` g`S dW^SU[s` QPM_UJDB

W` ^S UgS^ âe WjbâfSVae VWh[W`W` eg\Wfae VW g`S dWe[efWÙ[S k

,.

âe WjbâfSVadWe bSeS` S eWd Uaè[VWdSVae Ua_a abdWeadWe% Ua_aT^SÙa VW g`S WefdSfWY[S eWYg[VS bad ^S dWe[efWÙ[S a Ua`fdSbaVWd'

O WeS dWe[efWÙ[S cgW egdYW Ua_a VWeWa VW ^[TWdfSV VWeVWW^ [`fWd[ad _[e_a VW g` WebSU[a kS adVW`SVa k àd_SVa bad g`baVWd% cgW ^gUZS% W` fS`fa Ua`fdSbaVWd% bad Uaâ`[lSd g`XdSY_W`fa VW^ WebSU[a VW eg S`X[fd[s` bSdS Seq UdWSd g` adVW`S^fWd`Sf[ha W` W^ UgS^ [èf[fg[d `gWhSe dW^SU[a`We cgW ^W bWd_[fS`dWUaèfdg[deW S eq _[e_S Ua_a [VW`f[VSV ^[TWdSVS% WeS dWe[efWÙ[SfdSW S ^S egbWdX[U[W VW â h[e[T^W ^S aTh[WVSV VW^ baVWd% S eSTWd3cgW faVa baVWd% W` fS`fa SFMBDJaO VW XgWdlS% egba`W ^S [`fWdSUU[s`VW bad â _Wàe Vae W^W_W`fae ~VW âe gàe cgW â W\WdUW` kVW âe afdae eaTdW âe UgS^We W^ baVWd We W\WdU[Va' ;efS bWdaYdg^^SVSe[Y`[X[US cgW ^S SUf[hSU[s` VW g`S dWe[efWÙ[S VWeb^SlS W^ VWeWabad W^ afda ZSU[S ^S V[_Wè[s` VW^ dWUZSla% cgW Ua` W^â W^ US_baVW dW^SU[a`We W_b[WlS S V[h[V[deW W` TS`Vae Ua`fdSbgWefae k%X[`S^_W`fW% cgW W^ _aVa VW dW^SU[a`S_[W`fa W`fdW W^ gà k eg afdaSeg_W% VWU[V[VS_W`fW% ^S Xad_S VW ^S Ua`Xda`fSU[s`'

;efa% W` VWX[`[f[hS% We â cgW IUZ_[ff VWe[Y`S Ua_a UFSSFOP

EF MP QPM_UJDP# W^ US_ba W` W^ UgS^ eW Xad_S` [VW`f[VSVWe eaU[S^WeeaTdW ^S TSeW VW V[h[e[a`We% abae[U[a`We k Ua`Xda`fSU[a`We3 âQPM_UJDP W_WdYW Va`VW cg[WdS cgW ZSkS ^S bae[T[^[VSV k ^S ha^g`fSVbSdS V[ef[`Yg[d W`fdW S_[Yae "âe gàe% àeafdae% âe S^[SVae# kSVhWdeSd[ae "âe afdae% S^ W`W_[Ya% W^ T^SÙa VW g`S WefdSfWY[S#%bSdS VWU[V[d cg[o` ZS VW eWd Uaè[VWdSVa k fdSfSVa Ua_a W`W_[Ya%k bSdS W`XdW`fSd S WeW SVhWdeSd[a W` g`S ^gUZS e[ W^â We `WUWeSd[a"*-#' ;^â S eg hWl bWd_[fW bWèSd W` g` NVMUJWFSTP a g`[hWdea_u^f[b^W VW dW^SU[a`We VW baVWd k dWe[efWÙ[S cgW à eW dW_[fW``WUWeSd[S_W`fW S g`S dW^SU[s` UW`fdS^ cgW Ua`f[W`W S faVSe ^SeVW_me3 â QPM_UJDP à eW dWX[WdW fS` eaâ S ^S dWe[efWÙ[S Ua`fdSW^ WefSVa% ^S U^SeW Va_[`S`fW% WfU'% bgWefa cgW W^ baVWd à We fSèaâ WefSfS^ a U^Se[efS' :a`VW ZSk baVWd k dWe[efWÙ[S% eW bgWVW^^WYSd S hWd[X[USd ^S bdWeWÙ[S VW g`S Ua`fdSbae[U[s` VW^ f[ba

*-' 9Sd[ IUZ_[^f% /M DPODFQUP EF MP QPM_UJDP "*2,+#% <a^[ae ;V[fadWe% Coj[Ua%*21-'

,/

S_[Ya&W`W_[Ya% â bdab[a VW â QPM_UJDP% FWda WeS bdWeWÙ[S àe[Y`[X[US cgW W^ cgW à We _[ S_[Ya We JQTP GBEP _[ W`W_[Ya%bgWefa cgW ^Se Ua`fdSbae[U[a`We cgW USdSUfWd[lS` S^ Va_[`[a VWâ QPM_UJDP à bgWVW` SYafSd W^ hSefa k V[XWdWÙ[SVa US_ba VWÛa`X^[Ufa% S bWeSd cgW faVS Ua`fdSbae[U[s` ba^qf[US S`ZW^S ^SYâTS^[lSU[s`% Wefa We% VSd g` SÛSÙW a eW`f[Va g`[hWdeS^ S egbSdf[Ug^Sd[VSV'

-% 7TNUNV[WZ MN LYc[RLJ%

;e Scgq Va`VW eW VWeUgTdW W^ bg`fa VW cg[WTdW VW^bWèS_[W`fa V[SôUf[Ua' 9gW`fS Ua` g`S [``WYST^W bafWÙ[SS`S^qf[US k Wjb^S`Sfad[S bSdS bWèSd JEFOUJEBEFT dW^SU[s`S^We W`XgÙ[s` S g`S S^fWd[VSV [ddWVgUf[T^W% We VWU[d% [VW`f[VSVWebgdS_W`fW WjfdqèWUSe Ua`X[YgdSVSe W` W^ \gWYa e[` X[` W`fdW W^gà k eg afda(ege afdae' FWda WefS bafWÙ[S eW egebW`VW W` W^_a_W`fa W` cgW eW bSeS S^ US_ba VW ^Se PQPTJDJPOFT# S^ fWddWàVW ^Se Ua`Xda`fSU[a`We W`fdW WeW gà k ege afdae W` fod_[àe VWbaVWd k dWe[efWÙ[S% VW baVWd k Ua`fdSbaVWd' FadcgW We bdWU[eS&_W`fW W` W^ US_ba Udqf[Ua VW ^Se fWè[a`We k Ua`fdSbae[U[a`WeW`fdW Ua^WUf[hae eaU[S^We cgW ^S V[SôUf[US e[YgW _SdUSVS bad g`bSeSVa dSU[a`S^[efS cgW ^S [_bgêS S UaÙWT[d W^ Ua`X^[Ufa W`fod_[àe VW Ua`fdSV[UU[a`We ^sY[USe% hS^W VWU[d% W` âe fod_[àeVSVae bad ^S Xsd_g^S e+ ~ OP + %

JaVS hWl cgW eW b[WèW` âe S`fSYa`[e_ae S bSdf[d VW g`SUa`fdSV[UU[s` ^sY[US% egdYW ^S fW`fSU[s` VW bdakWUfSd eg SÛSÙWS ^S fafS^[VSV VW^ Ua_b^W\a NVMUJWFSTP a g`[hWdea _u^f[b^W VWUa`X^[Ufae3 egdYW ^S bae[T[^[VSV dWS^ VW egTeg_[d WeW _g^f[hWdeaTS\a ^S oY[VS VW g`S Ua`fdSV[UU[s` a_`[Ua_bdWè[hS% VWfWd_[&`S`fW VW^ eW`f[Va VW ^Se VW_me abae[U[a`We W` bd[_WdS% eWYg`VSa W` u^f[_S [èfSÙ[S' ;efa eW bgWVW VW_aefdSd VW ^S e[Yg[W`fW_S`WdS

Fd[_Wda% ^S Xsd_g^S e+ ~ OP +f We% bad VWX[`[U[s`% Wcg[&hS^W`fW S ^S g`[VSV% S e& f) à eW bgWVW eWd Ä7Å k OP + S^ _[e_af[W_ba4 faVa â cgW à We 7Å We JQTP GBDUP eOP +%f LS^W VWU[d%

,0

W^ afda ! OP + " eW Ua`h[WdfW W` W^ Ua_b^W_W`fa VW^ gà !e+ "#

Ua` â UgS^ eW Uaèf[fgkW g`S fafS^[VSV UWddSVS' |Ggo bgWVW cgWVSdXgWdS VW^ & VW ^S Ua`fdSV[UU[s` ^sY[US6

IWYg`Va% e[ W^ `Wja W`fdW W^ gà !e+ " k eg afda ! OP + "

WXWUf[hS_W`fW W`YâTS S ^S fafS^[VSV VW dW^SU[a`We bae[T^We% à W`W^ eW`f[Va VW VWeUaàUWd ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW afdSe dW^SU[a`We e[à VWUaÙWT[d^Se Ua_a Wb[XW`s_Wàe a Ua_a VWd[hSVae VW g` `WjaTme[Ua% Xg`VS_W`fS^% cgW ^Se Ua`f[W`W TS\a eg Xad_S k cgW ^SeVWfWd_[`S Ua` ^S V[`m_[US VW eg bdab[a _ah[_[W`fa% W`faÙWe eWfW`VdqS cgW VSd bad eW`fSVa cgW faVS [VW`f[VSV We Tme[US_W`fW_aà~^sY[US' IW UaÙ^g[dqS cgW% W` VWX[`[f[hS% esâ ZSk g` baâcgW WFSEBEFSBNFOUF DVFOUB W` ^S Uaèf[fgU[s` VW^ eWd% VW ^S[VW`f[VSV% VW^ eg\Wfa Ua_a fS^% e[W`Va âe VW_me e[_b^WeSUUWead[ae VW USdmUfWd eWUg`VSd[a'

:W WefW _aVa% ^S [VW`f[VSV dW^SU[a`S^ VW^ Kà eWUa`Xad_SdqS W` XgÙ[s` S^ `Wja W`fdW WefW k ;^ Efda% à Bae Efdae'Ba cgW We [YgS^% eW e[_g^SdqS ^S bdWeWÙ[S VW Bae Efdae dWVgU[W`VaS BaVae oefae S g`S dW^SU[s` VW Wcg[hS^WÙ[S cgW egebW`VW ^SeV[XWdWÙ[Se WebWUqX[USe W`fdW W^âe' IW fdSfSdqS% bgWe% VW eg\WfaeUaèf[fg[Vae W` g` e[efW_S VW dW^SU[a`We X[\Se k à W` g`S dWV VWSdf[Ug^SU[a`We eg\WfSe S VWeb^SlS_[W`fae k% bad W`VW% S hSd[S&U[a`We' :W SZq cgW% Ua` ^S Xsd_g^S + ~ OP + % W^ VWeSdda^â VWg`S WefdSfWY[S cgW Ua`VglUS S^ _a_W`fa VW ^S JOUFSSVQDJaO VWÛ[dUg[fa dWbdaVgUf[ha VW g`S dW^SU[s` V[SôUf[US VWe[Y`SVS Ua_aabdWe[hS fS_T[o` eW Ua`X[YgdSdqS S bSdf[d VW g` W\W _aà~^sY[Ua3^S [VW`f[VSV VW^ eg\Wfa VW WeS dWe[efWÙ[S à eW Uaèfdg[dqS eaTdW^S TSeW VW g`S Sdf[Ug^SU[s` Ua_b^W\S VW dW^SU[a`S_[U`faeS`fSYs`[Uae _S`fW`[Vae Ua` _u^f[b^We k V[hWdeae afdae% Ua` W^b^gdS^ VW afdae cgW [Ù[VW` eaTdW ^S [VW`f[VSV VW faVa eg\Wfa'

JWdUWda% VWeVW W^ _a_W`fa W` cgW eW W`fdS W` g`S ^sY[USVW Ua`Xda`fSU[s`% W^ Efda eW b[WèS Ua_a g` Ua_b^W_W`fabgdS_W`fW `WYSf[ha "Äà 7Å# VW^ gà !e+f"% 9a` W^â% kS à ZSkW^ \gWYa VW VWeb^SlS_[W`fae VW^ VWeWa cgW aeU[^S W`fdW ^S`WUWe[VSV k W^ dWUZSla VW^ afda' Fad W^ Ua`fdSd[a% W` ^SUa`Xda`fSU[s` W^ VWeWa cgWVSdqS dWVgU[Va S g` dWUZSla bgda k

,1

e[_b^W' 7^ a^h[VSdeW cgW W^ afda We S ^S hWl â V[XWdW`fW k â e[_[^Sd%dWVgU[o`Vaâ S g` e[_b^W OP + # ^S Ua`Xda`fSU[s` Seg_W ^SYdS_mf[US VW ^S YgWddS _me cgW VW ^S ba^qf[US' 7eg_W% W`VWX[`[f[hS% ^S Xsd_g^S VW ^Se YgWddSe dW^[Y[aeSe% ^S ^sY[US VW ^SU[gVSVW^S e[f[SVS a SUWUZSVS VWeVW W^ WjfWd[ad k S_W`SlSVS VWeVWW^ [`fWd[ad' O Ua` W^â% VWeVW ^S sbf[US VW^ Ua`X^[Ufa Ua` g` Efda%W^ cgW à Wefm Ua`_[Ya WefSdqS JQTP GBDUP W` Ua`fdS _qS% k VWeVW^S bWdebWUf[hS [`fWd`S VW^ gà(àeafdae cgW Ua_TSfW% faVSV[e[VWÙ[S bSeS S eWd Uaè[VWdSVS k fdSfSVS Ua_a fdS[U[s`' ;Ûa`X^[Ufa à esâ eW fad`S fafS^% e[` VW^[_[fSU[a`We bae[T^We% e[àcgW fS_T[o` WefST^WUW g`S a`faâYqS VW^ eWd% g`S [VW`f[VSV_WVg^Sd bWèSVS W` fod_[àe VW ^S X[YgdS VW^ DPNCBUJFOUF%

BS fdSVgUU[s` VW WefW f[ba VW dSla`S_[W`fa S^ fWddWà VW^S SUU[s` ba^qf[US% Wefa We% W^ eS^fa VW ^S ^sY[US S`S^qf[US S ^S ^sY[USVW^ baVWd% VW^ WefSVa k VW^ BHaO W`fdW SYdgbSU[a`We Zg_S`SeUa`fdSbgWefSe% We kS UaàU[VS' K` USea ^q_[fW STWddS`fW We W^VWef[à Xg`Wefa VW^ bgWTâ US_TakSà ^gWYa VW^ fd[g`Xa VW Fa^Faf k W^ A_Wd HagYW' ?_Tg[Va VW^ Webqd[fg _We[m`[Ua VW g`Z[bWd~dSU[a`S^[e_a fS` [_b^SUST^W Ua_a TmdTSda% k Sgfabda&U^S_m`VaeW WÙS_SU[s` bdqef[`S VW^ e+f dWha^gU[a`Sd[a% WefW_ah[_[W`fa VW ^[TWdSU[s` `SU[a`S^ Seg_[s b^W`S_W`fW ^S ^sY[USVW ^S Ua`fdSV[UU[s` V[SôUf[US W` W^ b^Sà VW â dWS^' FdW_g`[VaVW g`S of[US VW âe X[`We u^f[_ae k egbdW_ae "Äbad W^ T[W` VW ^SUSgeSÅ#% eW Sfd[Tgks W^ _aàba^[a bSdS [_ba`Wd ^S hWdVSV S âeVW_me Ä7Å k bSdS \glYSd k Ua`VW`Sd S âe eOP +f% 9a_a V[UW7`Vdo 9a_bfW&Iba`h[^^W% Äe[ W^ 8[W` Wj[efW% faVa "W` eg à_TdW#Wefm bWd_[f[Va "'''# `SVS fS` eS`Yd[W`fa Ua_a g` [VWS^ W` W^ baVWdÅ"*.#'

;^ _Sdj[e_a ^Sf[àS_Wd[USà k WgdabWa VW VoUSVSebSeSVSe fS_T[o` WjZ[TW S^Ygàe fdSlae VW WefW bWèS_[W`fa%Sg`cgW e[` âe ZaddadWe VW^ W\W_bâ U[fSVa' 7^ ZST^Sd VW^ baVWdVW g`S U^SeW Va_[`S`fW "^S TgdYgWeqS# k VW g`S dWe[efWÙ[S a

*.' 7`Vdo 9a_fW~Iba`h[^^W% Ä;^ TgWà% W^ _Sâ k W^ _[^[fS`fW % 6FUSB

3OUFSOBDJPOBM Dw .% CSVd[V% bd[_ShWdS *210% bb' *0&*1'

,2

Ua`fdSbaVWd cgW ^gUZS bad eg SgfaW_SÙ[bSU[s` "^S U^SeW aTdWdSa bda^WfSd[SVa#% b^S`fWS W^ dW^SU[a`S_[W`fa W`fdW W^âe W` fod_[àeVW g`S Ua`fdSV[UU[s` V[SôUf[US' BS abae[U[s` W`fdW W^ bda^WfSd[SVa"W^ gà% àeafdae% Ä7Å# k ^S TgdYgWeqS "W^ afda% W^âe% eOP + "

VWh[W`W W^ W\W cgW Ua`X[YgdS ^S V[_Wè[s` dWS^ VW ^S Va_[`SU[s`k VW ^S ^gUZS bad W^[_[`Sd^S% bgWefa cgW eW WefST^WUW g`SWcg[hS^WÙ[S W`fdW ^S ^[TWdSU[s` VW ^S Va_[`SU[s` VW U^SeW"WjbâfSU[s` k abdWe[s`# k ^S ^[TWdSU[s` VW ^S Zg_S`[VSV W`fWdSVW ege USVW`Se' 7cgq% W^ bda^WfSd[a Uaèf[fgkW W^ Ä7Å cgW W`YâTS^Se VW_me dWe[efWÙ[Se% _[W`fdSe cgW ^S TgdYgWeqS k ege SbakaeVWh[W`W` W^ eOP +f% W^ baVWd UgkS W^[_[`SU[s` We UaddW^Sf[hS S^S W_SÙ[bSU[s` VW faVae âe cgW dWe[efW` S^Yg`S abdWe[s`'

FWda Seq eW fWd_[`S `WYS`Va ^S WebWU[X[U[VSV VW faVaS`fSYa`[e_a cgW à eWS W^ S`fSYa`[e_a VW U^SeW% aT^[YS`Va S^S`m^[e[e S dW_[f[deW% [`hSd[ST^W_W`fW% S^ S`fSYa`[e_a GVOEBNFOUBM

bSdS dWUaèfdg[d ^S fafS^[VSV bae[T^W k fa_Sd [`fW^[Y[T^We S ^Seabae[U[a`We dWefS`fWe' :W SZq cgW W^ NVMMJWFSTP a g`[hWdea_u^f[b^W VW dW^SU[a`We VWh[W`W% S^ bWèSd ^S ^gUZS% g` VOJWFSTP

UW`fdSVa W` â WUa`s_[Ua k UWddSVa bad g`S Ua`fdSV[UU[s` VW U^SeWYâTS^[lSVadS' :W SZq fS_T[o` cgW W` Srae dWU[W`fWe eW ZSkS V[UZacgW ^S V[SôUf[US We g` _aVa VW bWèS_[W`fa Ä[ÙSbSl VWdWbdWeW`fSdeW S^ PUSP S eq _[e_a e[` dWVgU[dâ S â JHVBM "eS_W#%k bad Uaè[Yg[W`fW% egTadV[`S ^S V[XWdWÙ[S VW ^S [VW`f[VSVÅ "*/#'

IgdYW` Seq Vae UgWef[a`We VW [_badfSÙ[S W` dW^SU[s` S âQPM_UJDP# We VWU[d% W` â cgW dWebWUfS S^ _a_W`fa VW g` SUU[a`SdfdSèXad_SVad a bWdbWfgSVad VW g` U[Wdfa WefSVa VW UaeSe' K`SVW W^^Se f[W`W cgW hWd Ua` ^S V[SôUf[US' <F BCBOEPOB) ^S bdWfWè[sà_`[Ua_bdWè[hS% W^ USdmUfWd g`[hWdeS^% W^ bm^[Va dSU[a`S^[e_acgW WefST^WUW ^Se abae[U[a`We W` ^S b^SU[VWl VW^ W`XdW`fS_[W`faW`fdW g`S fWe[e k g`S S`fqfWe[e% k ^S Xsd_g^S Ä7 ~ OP 7Å bSdSbWèSd ^Se abae[U[a`We' <F SFTDBUB) ^S UaÙWbfgS^[lSU[s` VW faVS[VW`f[VSV Ua_a dW^SU[a`S_[W`fa V[XWdWÙ[S^ W`fdW g` gà k g`

*/' L[ÙW`f :WeUa_TWe% 7PEFSO 0SFODI :IJMPTPQIZ "*202#% 9S_Td[VYWK`[hWde[fk FdWee% 9S_Td[VYW% ;`Y^S`V% *21)'

-)

afda% W^ VaT^W eW^â VW^ VWeWa bad W^ afda "`WUWe[VSV k dWUZSla#%W^ USdmUfWd SYa`qef[Ua VW ^S dW^SU[s` W`fdW W^ gà k eg(ege afdae%W^ bafWÙ[S^ VW^ Ua`X^[Ufa cgW bgWVW egdY[d VW ^S V[SVS S bSdf[d VW^S Uaèf[fgU[s` VW^ gà Ua_a dWe[efWÙ[S a Ua`fdSbaVWd cgW cg[WdWUdWSd(fdSèXad_Sd S^ _g`Va e[` cgW ZSkS` ^WkWe VW ^S >[efad[S% ^SHSls` K`[hWdeS^% :[ae a ^S ;Uaà_qS cgW bgWVS` S`fWba`Wd g`X[`S^ bdW~WefST^WU[Va% g` eW`f[Va fdSèbSdW`fW a g`S egbgWefS[ddWhWde[T[^[VSV S â SUSWU[Va'

BS afdS UaeS [_badfS`fW We cgW% S`fW ^S ÄbWcgWrS XW^[U[VSVÅ_WÙ[a`SVS S^ Ua_[W`la VW^ WèSka% eW VWTW dWUadVSd cgW ^S^[TWdfSV% Ua_a bdaUWea VW ^[TWdSU[s`% We g` aT\Wf[ha bWd_S`W`fWk g`S SUf[h[VSV [`fWd_[`ST^W' BS ^[TWdSU[s`% Ua_a HSBN\UJDB EF

MB WJEB ûU[VS_W`fW b^S`fWSVS bad 9aabWd% egba`W ^S VWU[e[s` VWVWeSX[Sd W^ _[WVa bdab[a k ^S aTWV[WÙ[S S^ [_bWdSf[ha S\Wà k%bad â _[e_a% egba`W Seg_[d W^ d[WeYa VW ^S VWddafS' FgWe e[ àeW fdSèba`W W^ g_TdS^ VW WeS [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW% à ZSk [`àhSU[s`bae[T^W% à ZSk W^ _ah[_[W`fa VW ^S h[VS _[e_S' Bae Ua_TSfWeVWe[YgS^We W`fdW VSh[VWe k Ya^[SfZe cgW eW ZS` bgWefa k cgWUaf[V[S`S_W`fW eW e[YgW` ba`[W`Va W` WeUW`S W` obaUSe kYWaYdSXqSe V[hWdeSe% Uaèf[fgkW` ^S fWè[s` WeWÙ[S^ VW ^S h[VS cgWVWeWS ^S ^[TWdfSV bSdS VWeSX[Sd S ^S _gWdfW VW^ ea_Wf[_[W`fa'

7= 7DBF7>3 ?@C>3$6;87C7?5;3H =@D >;5C@A@67C7D

;;

;efW W`eSka XgW bgT^[USVa W` ^S dWh[efS .BWJE Z 1PMJBUI% 7ra NL???% Dw.,% 8gW`ae 7[dWe% 7Yaefa&IWf[W_TdW *211'

Ä|Ggo [_bgêSTS S WefS YW`fW S VWeW_bWrSd eg fd[efWSUf[h[VSV6 |BS _S^VSV6 IWYgda% bWda fS_T[o` W^ Sè[S VWadVW`' FadcgW W^ Sè[S VW adVW` bdWfW`VW Ua`hWdf[d W^ _g`&Va VW âe Za_TdWe W` W^ dW[à VW â [àdYm`[Ua% W` W^ cgWfaVa _SdUZS% XgÙ[a`S% ea_Wf[Va S g` adVW` egbdSbWdea`S^';^ Sè[S VW adVW` We S^ _[e_a f[W_ba Sè[S VW _gWdfW% bad&cgW ^S h[VS We g`S bWd_S`W`fW S^fWdSU[s` VW^ adVW`' E V[UZaS^ dWhoe3 W^ Sè[S VW adVW` We W^ h[dfgaea bdWfWjfa Ua` WÛgS^ W^ aV[a S ^S YW`fW \gef[X[US eg SUfgSU[s` VWhSefSVadSÅ'

C[^m` Ag`VWdS% 6B .FTQFEJEB%

;^ aT\Wf[ha VW WefS [`fWdhWÙ[s` We VWeSdda^^Sd g` WecgW_SeWÙ[^â bSdS bWèSd â V[XWdW`fW VW`fda VW g` Va_[`[a dWYg^SVa%We VWU[d% bSdS bWèSd ^S dW^SU[s` W`fdW àd_Se k V[XWdWÙ[Se VW`fdaVW g` m_T[fa UgS^cg[WdS' 9aÙdWfS_W`fW% eW b^S`fWS cgW% [`VWbW`&V[W`fW_W`fW VW^ `[hW^ W` W^ UgS^ eW e[fuW W^ S`m^[e[e ~_SUda a _[&Uda% WefSfS^ a eaU[S^% [èf[fgU[a`S^ a YdgbS^~ We bae[T^W dWUaàUWdW` W^ U[dUg[fa OPSNB $ EJGFSFODJB $ USBOTHSFTJaO $ EJTDJQMJOBNJFOUP

^S Ua^g_`S hWdfWTdS^ VW g` e[efW_S VW baVWd% eWS VW_aUdmf[Ua aSgfad[fSd[a'

FSdS W^â% eW Seg_W cgW W^ baVWd% Ua_a â ZS VW_aefdSVaûU[VS k bWdegSe[hS_W`fW C[UZW^ <agUSg^f W` ege fdSTS\ae "*#% We

*' ;ebWU[S^_W`fW ?JHJMBS Z DBTUJHBS "*20.#% I[Yâ NN?% Coj[Ua% *20/4 2JTUPSJBEF MB TFYVBMJEBE# ?PM% & "*20/#% I[Yâ NN?% Coj[Ua% *2004 Ä9gdea VW^ 0 VW W`WdaVW *20/Å k Ä9gdea VW^ *- VW W`Wda VW *20/Å% S_Tae W` ^S 7JDSPG_TJDB EFM QPEFS"*200#% ;V[fad[S^ BS F[cgWfS% CSVd[V% *201% bb' *+.&*.+4 ÄJZW IgT\WUf S`VFaiWdÅ% W` >gTWdf :dWkXge k FSg^ HST[ài% 7JDIFM 0PVDBVMU) ,FZPOE<USVDUVSBMJTN BOE 2FSNFOFVUJDT# JZW >SdhWefWd FdWee% 8d[YZfa`% ;`Y^S`V% *21+4ÄIbSUW% Aài^WVYW S`V FaiWdÅ% ÄFa^[f[Ue S`V ;fZ[Ue3 S` ?`fWdh[WiÅ k ÄFa^W_[Ue%Fa^[f[Ue Sè FdaT^W_Sf[lSf[aè3 S` ?`fWdh[Wi i[fZ C[UZW^ <agUSg^fÅ% faVae W^âeW` FSg^ HST[ài "Ua_b[^SVad#% =IF 0PVDBVMU ;FBEFS "*21-#% FWdWYd[`W 8aa]e%;`Y^S`V% *21/% bb' +,2&+./% ,0,&,1) k ,1)& ,2)' IW bgWVW Uaèg^fSd fS_T[o`Vae WjUW^W`fWe fdSTS\ae eaTdW <agUSg^f Ä;^ I[efW_S <agUSg^fÅ "*20.#% VW 8Wd`SdV>W`d[&BWh[% W` :a_[`[cgW =d[ea`[ "Ua_b[^SVad#% :PM_UJDBT EF MB GJMPTPG_B# <a`VaVW 9g^fgdS ;Ua`s_[US% Coj[Ua% *21+% bb' +))&+**% k W^ ^[Tda VW =[^^We :W^WglW%0PVDBVMU "*21/#% FS[Vae IfgV[a% 8gWàe 7[dWe% *210% W` WebWU[S^ ÄK` DgWha9SdfsYdSXaÅ% bb' -2~0*'

-.

S^Ya cgW à eW dWVgUW S g`S _WdS XgÙ[s` VW _S`Va% cgW à eW^[_[fS S eWd g` bgda k e[_b^W eOP cgW [_ba`W% bdaZ[TW a USef[YS'JdmfWeW VW g`S eaU[WVSV% g`S [èf[fgU[s` a g` Ydgba% W^ baVWd f[W`Wg`S V[_Wè[s` bae[f[ha&bdaVgUf[hS cgW à VWTW eWd VWeWef[_SVS';e VWU[d% ZST^Sd VW g` e[efW_S VW baVWd We fS_T[o` ZST^Sd VW ^SXg`VSU[s` k VW^ _S`fW`[_[W`fa VW g` WebSU[a adVW`SVa% VW gÈPNJOJP SFHVMBEP W` W^ UgS^ bgWVW` egdY[d e[efW_Se VW àd_Se khSâdWe% dWVWe VW Ua_g`[USU[s`% [VW`f[VSVWe% dgf[`Se k WefdgUfgdSeVW _S`Va k aTWV[WÙ[S "+#'

(% 6WURVRWZ YNP\TJMWZ# jVWYUJTRMJMk _ MRONYNVLRJ%

JaVS SYdgbSU[s` Zg_S`S% eWS g`S adYS`[lSU[s` ba^qf[US% g`W`fW X[`SÙ[Wda% g` U^gT VWbadf[ha a g`S SeaU[SU[s` VW TW`WX[&UWÙ[S% eW Xg`VS S bSdf[d VW ^S [èf[fgU[s` VW g`S eWd[W VW OPSNBT

VW USdmUfWd adYS`[lSf[ha% SV_[`[efdSf[ha% \Wdmdcg[Ua% foU`[Ua%\gdqV[Ua g afda' ;^^Se Uaèf[fgkW` ^Se ^^S_SVSe SFHMBT EF KVFHP ~S^Yg`Se Wjb^qU[fSe% afdSe eaTdWW`fW`V[VSe fmU[fS_W`fW~ cgWWefST^WUW` ^S [VW`f[VSV VW ^S SYdgbSU[s`% k cgW W`_SdUS` k VSèW`f[Va S ^Se SUU[a`We cgW W` W^^S eW VWeSdda^^S`'

FWda `[ ^S [VW`f[VSV `[ W^ eW`f[Va VW ^Se SUU[a`We eW VWd[hS`bad Ua_b^Wfa VW ^S àd_Sf[h[VSV cgW ^Se d[YW3 e[W_bdW Wj[efW% W`_Skad a _Wàd _WV[VS% g` U[Wdfa QBS\NFUSP VW WBSJBDJaO VSVabad ^Se bdmUf[USe à b^W`S_W`fW àd_Sf[h[lSVSe% bad dW^SU[a`We[`Xad_S^We k bad Ua`X^[Ufae cgW aT^[YS` S dWVWX[`[d Ua`fWjfgS^&_W`fW e[fgSU[a`We `gWhSe a à bdWh[efSe' BS Ua_T[`SU[s` VWàd_Sf[h[VSV k bdmUf[USe Uaf[V[S`Se Ua`X[YgdS ^S _Sfd[l Tme[US VWâ cgW eW baVdqS VWà_[`Sd% fa_S`Va bdWefSVa g` fod_[à VW<agUSg^f% W^ EJTDVSTP JOUFSOP EF MB JOTUJUVDJaO# We VWU[d% W^ V[eUgdeacgW oefS ÄeW V[UW S eq _[e_S k U[dUg^S W`fdW âe cgW ^S ZSUW`XgÙ[a`SdÅ ",#' ;efW V[eUgdea WefST^WUW âe dWXWdW`fWe bSdS ^S

+' ;efa ZS e[Va VWeSdda^^SVa VW _S`WdS _me S_b^[S W` _[ ÄFaVWd% adVW` ba^qf[Uak ^S UgWef[s` VW_aUdmf[USÅ% 9W`fda VW :aUg_W`fSU[s` k ;efgV[ae "9:;#%:aUg_W`fa VW JdSTS\a Dw 2% 7egÙ[s`% <WTdWda *210',' C[UZW^ <agUSg^f% 2JTUPSJB EF MB TFYVBMJEBE% b' ,1'

-/

V[ef[Ù[s` W`fdW â hm^[Va k â à hm^[Va% W`fdW â aT\Wf[ha k âegT\Wf[ha% W`fdW â cgW We ^WYqf[_a W [^WYqf[_a W` eg Va_[`[a' 9dWS%W` g` eW`f[Va ^[fWdS^% g`S OPSNBMJEBE%

7ZadS T[W`% `[ âe Va_[`[ae VW âe V[eUgdeae `[ âe US_baeSTSdUSVae bad âe dWXWdW`fWe bgWVW` UgTd[d ^S fafS^[VSV VW ^SeWjbWd[WÙ[Se Uaf[V[S`Se VW ^S SYdgbSU[s`3 e[W_bdW egdYW` EJGF$

SFODJBT h[e&S&h[e â WefST^WU[Va bad âe dWXWdW`fWe VW ^S àd_S^[VSVW` USVS Va_[`[a' K`S V[XWdWÙ[S% V[UW ISgeegdW% eW USdSUfWd[lSXg`VS_W`fS^_W`fW bad eWd â cgW âe VW_me à ea`3 à eW VWX[`Wbae[f[hS_W`fW bad eg Ua`fW`[Va [`fdqèWUa% e[à `WYSf[hS_W`fW bad^Se dW^SU[a`We cgW Ua`fdSW Ua` â cgW ^S daVWS' FWèW_ae W` USeaefS^We Ua_a âe VW Za_aeWjgS^We cgW SX[d_S` eg abU[s` W` gÙa`fWjfa UgkS àd_S^[VSV Wefm VSVS bad ^S ZWfWdaeWjgS^[VSV4 VW_g\WdWe cgW adYS`[lS` eg h[VS e[` ea_WfWdeW `WUWeSd[S_W`fW ShSâdWe k bdWUWbfae V[UfSVae bad g` W`fadà cgW We _SUZ[efS W`_Skad a _Wàd YdSVa4 VW _[àdqSe dW^[Y[aeSe cgW bdSUf[US` g`SXW V[ef[`fS S ^S Va_[`S`fW' JaVae W^âe ea` EJGFSFODJBT VW`fda VWâe Va_[`[ae VW ^S eWjgS^[VSV% W^ Yo`Wda k ^S dW^[Y[ae[VSV'I[Yg[W`Va S ISgeegdW% baVdqS_ae VWU[d cgW Wefae USeae% W` fS`faV[XWdWÙ[Se% ea` VWX[`[Vae Xg`VS_W`fS^_W`fW bad eWd â cgW ^Sàd_S à We' 7cgq à ZSk `[`Yg`S hSâdSU[s` SUWdUS VW^ USdmUfWdbae[f[ha a `WYSf[ha% eWS VW ^S àd_S a VW â V[XWdW`fW4 esâ eWUaèfSfS g`S e[fgSU[s` VW ZWUZa'

FWda ^Se V[XWdWÙ[Se à e[W_bdW ea` fdSfSVSe Ua_a fS^We' K`W\W_bâ VW W^â egdYW S bSdf[d VW ^S [èf[fgU[s` VW g`S àd_S^[VSVeWjgS^ VWX[`[VS eaTdW ^S TSeW VW g` bSfds` ZWfWdaeWjgS^' 7`fW WefWbSfds` dWXWdWÙ[S^% We VWU[d% S`fW g`S eWjgS^[VSV egbWV[fSVS S ^SZWfWdaeWjgS^[VSV% Wj[efW` UgSfda bae[U[a`We eWjgS^We cgW% `WYm`&Va^We eg USdmUfWd VW V[XWdWÙ[Se% ea` fdSèXad_SVSe W` UgSfdaEFTWJBDJPOFT eWjgS^We3 ^S Za_aeWjgS^[VSV _SeUg^[`S% ^S Za_a&eWjgS^[VSV XW_W`[`S% ^S T[eWjgS^[VSV _SeUg^[`S k ^S T[eWjgS^[VSVXW_W`[`S'

Fad â YW`WdS^% WefSe UgSfda V[XWdWÙ[Se ea` VWeUS^[X[USVSek fdSèXad_SVSe W` fdSèYdWe[a`We S^ CVFO PSEFO [_bWdS`fW% a bWadSu`% W` VWeh[SU[a`We' ;^â eW ZSUW YW`WdS^_W`fW S bSdf[d VW g`

-0

V[ebae[f[ha cgW à bSeS VW eWd g` e[_b^W \gWYa VW WebW\aee[_ofd[US_W`fW [`hWdf[Vae' ;` gà VW W^âe% eW OBUVSBMJ[B

QPTJUJWBNFOUF MB IFUFSPTFYVBMJEBE S bSdf[d VW V[eUgdeae VW^ eW`f[VaUa_u` bdaXg`VS_W`fW SddS[YSVae% fS^We Ua_a ^S Uaefg_TdW k ^SdW^[Y[s`% _ah[^[lS`Va Seq bad â _Wàe Vae ^q`WSe WefdSfoY[USe'K`S fdSfS VW SÙ^Sd W^ ad[YW` VW^ dWXWdW`fW ZWfWdaeWjgS^ W` g`bSeSVa dW_afa k% Ua_a fS^% ^WY[f[_SVa ÇVWeVW e[W_bdWÉ4 afdS[èf[fgkW WeW dWXWdW`fW W` g`S V[_Wè[s` eSUdS k eSUdS^[lS`fW% W`:[ae k W` ^Se ;eUd[fgdSe% UaâUm`Vaâ Seq _me S^^m k bad WÙ[_SVW ^S eaU[WVSV Zg_S`S3 :[ae UdWs S 7Vm` k ;hS% S g` Za_TdWk S g`S _g\Wd% k à S g` Za_aeWjgS^ a S g`S ^WeT[S`S'

I[_g^fm`WS_W`fW% W` afda WebW\a eW OBUVSBMJ[B OFHBUJWB$

NFOUF MB IPNPTFYVBMJEBE W` fS`fa STWddSU[s` VW ^S XgÙ[s`dWbdaVgUf[hS3 ^S ZWfWdaeWjgS^[VSV We ^S àd_S VW ^S `SfgdS^WlS bSdSSeWYgdSd ^S bWdbWfgSU[s` VW ^Se WebWU[We% eWS W` W^ dW[à S`[_Sâ W` W^ hWYWfS^% Ua` â UgS^ ^S Za_aeWjgS^[VSV bSeS S eWd%`WUWeSd[S_W`fW% S`f[`SfgdS' 7^ Ua`hWdf[d ^S Za_aeWjgS^[VSV W`bWdhWde[s` S`f[`SfgdS% W [Ù^gea W` W`XWd_WVSV% W` bSfaâYqS% eW^S VWeba\S VW faVS V[_Wè[s` eaU[S^% Z[efsd[US W [Ù^gea ba^qf[US4eW ^S UaâUS W` W^ Va_[`[a VW ^S _WV[U[`S% ^S T[aâYqS k ^S _adS^'9a_a V[UW <agUSg^f SUWdUS VW ^S eWjgS^[VSV% W` W^ e[Yâ N?N%obaUS VW SgYW VW^ V[eUgdea U[W`fqX[Ua% eW XgW fW\[W`Va g`S `gWhS_SdSrS VW dW^SU[a`We VW baVWd&b^SUWd3 ^S U[WÙ[S% W` â WeWÙ[S^%eW egTadV[`s ÄS âe [_bWdSf[hae VW g`S _adS^ UgkSe V[h[e[a`WedW[fWds TS\a âe _aVae VW ^S àd_S _oV[USÅ% S bSdf[d VW â UgS^ÄW^ Va_[`[a VW^ eWja kS à eWdm UaâUSVa esâ W` W^ dWY[efda VW^S XS^fS k W^ bWUSVa% VW^ WjUWea a VW ^S fdSèYdWe[s`% e[à''' TS\aW^ doY[_W` VW â àd_S^ k VW â bSfa^sY[Ua4 bad bd[_WdS hWl eWVWX[`W g`S _adT[^[VSV bdab[S VW â eWjgS^Å "-#'

;efW V[ebae[f[ha à eW dWefd[`YW S^ US_ba VW ^S eWjgS^[VSV'LW_ae cgW S`fW ^S VW_SdUSU[s` W` U^ShW bSfd[SdUS^ VW g`bSdSV[Y_S VW â XW_W`[à Ua_a u`[Ua US_ba VW [`fWdhWÙ[s`^WYqf[_a bSdS ^S _g\Wd% faVS [`fWdhWÙ[s` W` g` FYUFSJPS

(% 3CJE% bb' /0&/1 k 1-&1.'

-1

_SeUg^[`[lSVa eW Ua`h[WdfW W` fdSèYdWe[s` k à W` g`S EJGFSFODJB

h[e&S&h[e W^ bSdSV[Y_S'Ba àd_S^ k â bSfa^sY[Ua% W^ dWXWdW`fW k ^S VWeh[SU[s`% ^S

àd_S k ^S fdSèYdWe[s`' ;eae ea` âe W\We cgW [`fdaVgUW` ^S USdYShSâdSf[hS cgW fdSèXad_S S â _WdS_W`fW V[XWdW`fW W` S^Ya[`SUWbfST^W k bSe[T^W VW UaddWUU[s`' :a`VWcg[WdS cgW âedWXWdW`fWe SVcg[WdW` g`S X[\WlS fS` dqY[VS Ua_a bSdS [_bWV[d^Weg` U[Wdfa YdSVa VW bWd_[e[h[VSV a ÇVWe^[lS_[W`fa*% eW TâcgWS W^WebSU[a VW fa^WdSÙ[S `WUWeSd[a bSdS ^S U[dUg^SU[s` ^WYqf[_S VWabU[a`We V[XWdW`fWe S ScgW^â cgW eW ZS [èf[fg[Va Ua_a OPSNBM%

;e VWU[d% eW VS` ^Se Ua`V[U[a`We VW bae[T[^[VSV bSdS cgW ^SeV[XWdWÙ[Se eWS` UaÙWT[VSe VW _S`WdS dWVgUf[hS Us_a EFTWJBDJP$

OFT a USBOTHSFTJPOFT VW ^S àd_S "Ua_a â B$OPSNBM k â FYUSB$

OPSNBM"# k _me Su`% bSdS cgW ^Se fdSèYdWe[a`We eWS` W^ T^SÙaVW V[ebae[f[hae VW Va_[`SU[s` ~`WgfdS^[lSU[s`% Ua`fda^% Ua`X[&`S_[W`fa% V[eU[b^[`S_[W`fa% dWbdWe[s`'

;` W^ USea VW âe Za_aeWjgS^We% Wefae V[ebae[f[hae eW ba`W`VW _S`[X[Wefa W` ^WkWe cgW ^[_[fS` k S hWUWe [Ù^gea bdaZqTW` egUa`fdSfSU[s` Ua_a _SWefdae VW Ua^WY[ae% W` dWVSVSe k SddWefae cgWà Wefm` ShS^SVSe bad ^S ^Wk bWda eq bad g` eW`f[Va Ua_u` k g`S_adS^ WjU^gkW_W% W` _SdY[`S_[W`fae VW USdYae buT^[Uae% WfU' 9a`^Se _g\WdWe% Wj[efW g` USea ^q_[fW kS baUa bdSUf[USVa% fS^ Ua_aW^ Ua`fda^ _SeUg^[à VW eg eWjgS^[VSV S fdShoe VW ^S dW_aU[s` VWÛ^qfad[e "cgW WjbgêS W^ b^SUWd VW^ Ua[fa#% a âe [`fW`fae dWUgddW`fWeVW `WgfdS^[lSU[s` VW ^Se abU[a`We à&dWbdaVgUf[hSe VW egeWjgS^[VSV _WV[S`fW ^S eSÙ[s` eaU[S^ bae[f[hS VW ^S h[dY[`[VSVXW_W`[`S k ^S eSÙ[s` `WYSf[hS VW ege dW^SU[a`We à _aàYm_[USe'

Cme XdWUgW`fWe ea`% W` W^ USea VW ^Se _g\WdWe% âe_WUS`[e_ae VW egTadV[`SU[s` eaU[S^% Ua_a bad W\W_bâ% âe cgWeW âYdS` _WV[S`fW ^S VW_SdUSU[s` VW g` WebSU[a BDPUBEP Z

FYDMVTJWP VW â XW_W`[à Ua_a US_ba VW [`fWdhWÙ[s` ^WYqf[_SVW ^S _g\Wd "_SfWd`[VSV(fdSTS\a Va_oef[Ua(Uaèg_a Ug^fgdS^^[_[fSVa# cgW eW Ua`fdSba`W S g` FYUFSJPS _SeUg^[`[lSVa "bd[`&U[bS^_W`fW% ^S WeXWdS buT^[US# W` W^ UgS^ eg [`fWdhWÙ[s` à esâà We bafWÙ[SVS bad ^S Ua^WUf[h[VSV% e[à [Ù^gea VWe[ÙW`f[hSVS

-2

bad W^ eW`f[Va Ua_u` bdWVa_[`S`fW_W`fW S^ [`fWd[ad VW WefS3 _mecgW bdaZ[T[d% eW fdSfS VW WjU^g[d k Ua`X[`Sd' 9a_a eWrS^S HaeeS`SHaeeS`VS S^ dWebWUfa%

Ä>W_ae WefSVa XgWdS VW ^S Z[efad[S VW ^Se YdS`VWeVWU[e[a`We' 9dWa% bSdS VWU[dâ VW _S`WdS g` fS`fa WecgW&_mf[US% cgW âe Za_TdWe eW ZS` dWeWdhSVa bSdS eq _[e_ae^S WeXWdS VW ^S Z[efad[S% W` Va`VW eW UaèfdgkW` ^Se YdS`VWeVWU[e[a`We% eW adYS`[lS W^ fdSTS\a% eW VWfWd_[`S` ^Se Xad_Seba^qf[USe% ^WY[e^S`Va S^ _[e_a f[W_ba eaTdW ^S WeXWdS VW ^SXS_[^[S% W` Va`VW ZS` UaèWdhSVa g` _a_W`fa VW baVWdV[ef[`fa% _me Sdf[Ug^SVa Ua` W^ VW ^S _g\Wd "badcgW ^S _g\Wdf[W`W baVWdWe% à We U[Wdfa cgW à âe fW`YS#''' ;^ Za_TdWZS h[h[Va W` WefSe Vae WeXWdSe% _[W`fdSe cgW àeafdSe âZW_ae ZWUZa Xg`VS_W`fS^_W`fW W` VOB VW W^^Se''' BSZ[efad[S VW ^S _g\Wd k VW ^S Ua`fdSV[UU[s` eWjgS^ `SUW VWWefS V[h[e[s` VW US_baeÅ ".#'

)% 7LWVWUcJ MN TJ WXYNZRdV# TdPRLJ MN TJ RMNV[RMJM%

BS fdSèXad_SU[s` VW V[XWdWÙ[Se W` fdSèYdWe[a`We k W`VWeh[SU[a`We Sbg`fSdqS% Ua_a WefdSfWY[S VW Va_[`SU[s`% S ^SUa`Xad_SU[s` VW U[Wdfa Va_[`[a dWYg^SVa% Va_[`[a W` W^ UgS^ âeV[hWdeae XW`s_Wàe% aT\Wfae k dW^SU[a`We eaU[S^We bgWVW` eWdUa`fda^SVae S fdShoe VW Ud[fWd[ae d[Ygdaeae VW â hm^[Va% âbWd_[e[T^W% â àd_S^' Fad W^â% W^ WecgW_S àd_S&V[XWdWÙ[S&VWeh[SU[s` à bdWfW`VW bgdS k e[_b^W_W`fW WefST^WUWd â cgW OP

eW bgWVW VWU[d k ZSUWd% e[à _me T[W` VW^[_[fSd g` WebSU[abdaVgUf[ha VW DJFSUP UJQP VW V[XWdWÙ[Se' FWda SVW_me VW WefSbdaVgUf[h[VSV% fS_T[o` eW VWTW dWUaàUWd cgW âe Vae USeae_WÙ[a`SVae eW [èUd[TW` W` g`S egWdfW VW FDPOPN_B EF MB

.' HaeeS`S HaeeS`VS% Ä9Z[ dSbbdWeW`fS UZ[6Å% W` +[JNVU +1&+2% 7`à L?%Y[gYà(^gY^[a *210% ?fS^[S% b' 1,'

.)

PQSFTJaO "/#3 W^ WecgW_S eW Uaèf[fgkW S bSdf[d VW g`S Sdf[Ug^SU[s`VW Xad_Se VW^ eSTWd k bdmUf[USe VW baVWd cgW eW SbakS`dWUqbdaUS_W`fW% We VWU[d% Sdf[Ug^S`Va V[eUgdeae eaTdW ^S eWjgS^[&VSV% W^ Yo`Wda g afdae Ua` fmUf[USe VW Ua`fda^% WjU^ge[s`%V[eU[b^[`S_[W`fa a dWbdWe[s`'

7`fW Wefa% eW baVdqS S^WYSd% Ua` [YgS^ ^WY[f[_[VSV% cgW ^Seàd_Se ea` BVUPJOTUJUVJEBT QPS MB QSPQJB DPMFDUJWJEBE TPDJBM bSdSYSdS`f[lSd eg XgÙ[a`S_[W`fa% bSdS WddSV[USd W^ USae% [_ba`Wd gàdVW`% bdaVgU[d UaeSe' >[efsd[US_W`fW% ^S fdSèXad_SU[s` VW ^SZa_aeWjgS^[VSV W` Sàd_S^[VSV ZS Ua`fd[Tg[Va S bafWÙ[Sd ^SeWjgS^[VSV W_[`W`fW_W`fW dWbdaVgUf[hS4 W^ Ua`X[`S_[W`fa VW ^S_g\Wd S^ m_T[fa bd[hSVa&Va_oef[Ua ZS abWdSVa Ua_a W^W_W`faXgÙ[a`S^ bSdS ^S eaU[S^[lSU[s` VW ^S WebWU[W W` W^ Ua`fWjfa VW g`SV[h[e[s` eaU[S^ VW^ fdSTS\a _aVW^SVS W` U^ShW bSfd[SdUS^'

I[` W_TSdYa% ^Se àd_Se à e[W_bdW ea` Sgfa[èf[fg[VSe bad^S Ua^WUf[h[VSV% eWS badcgW gà [`YdWeS S eaU[WVSVWe kSUaèf[fg[VSe a badcgW Wj[efW` baVWdWe cgW ^Se [_ba`W` g`[^S^W&dS^_W`fW bad ^S XgWdlS' 7VW_me% Scgq à eW [`fW`fS [_bgY`Sd ^SWj[efWÙ[S VW àd_Se Ua_a fS^We% VW dW[h[`V[USd g`S V[ebWde[s`dSV[US^% e[Usf[US% Va`VW faVa eWdqS W` bd[Ù[b[a [YgS^_W`fW hm^[Vak bWd_[f[Va bgWefa cgW faVa W`gÙ[SVa k faVS SUU[s` Uaèf[fg[dqSèg bdab[a dWXWdW`fW' BS eaU[ST[^[VSV Ua_a fS^ bdWegba`W Ua`hW`&U[a`We% SUgWdVae cgW ZSUW` bae[T^W âe [`fWdUS_T[ae' Isâ eWbgWVW Ua_bSdSd Vae aT\Wfae% 7 k 8% e[ eW UgW`fS Ua` g` fWdUWdW^W_W`fa% 9% cgW abWdS Ua_a Ud[fWd[a% àd_S a dWXWdW`fW bSdSZSUWd ^S Ua_bSdSU[s`' e4VBO FT N\T BMUP RVF :FESP We g`W`gÙ[SVa UgkS hS^[VWl% _me S^^m VW ^S UaèfSfSU[s` aefWè[hS%VWeUSèS eaTdW S^Yu` dWXWdW`fW Ua_u` bSdS ZSUWd ^S V[ef[Ù[s`_Skad(_Wàd% à W` S^Ya [`fdqèWUa VW @gS` a VW FWVda'

/' 7^ geSd W^ fod_[à FDPOPN_B W` ^S WjbdWe[s` FDPOPN_B EF MB PQSFTJaO% âZSYa W` W^ eW`f[Va cgW ^W Se[Y`S <agUSg^f S^ dWXWd[deW S âe V[eUgdeae' IW fdSfSVW Äeg fWUàâYqS [`fdqèWUS% ^Se `WUWe[VSVWe VW eg XgÙ[a`S_[W`fa% ^Se fmUf[USecgW ba`W` W` SUU[s`% âe WXWUfae VW baVWd cgW âe egTW`f[W`VW` k cgW Ua`^^WhS`Å'LoSeW ^S kS U[fSVS 2JTUPSJB EF MB TFYVBMJEBE# b' 1/'

.*

BSe Ua`hWÙ[a`We bgWVW` eWd SdT[fdSd[Se% k XdWUgW`fW_W`fWâ ea`% bWda e[` W^^Se à Wj[efW â eaU[S^' ;^ ^W`YgS\W% fS^ Ua_aâ UaÙ[TW ISgeegdW% We g` W\W_bâ U^Sda VW W^â3 W^ e[Y`[X[US`fWÇe[^^SÉ VWe[Y`S W^ UaÙWbfa VW Çe[^^SÉ esâ bad g`S Ua`hWÙ[s`^[`Yvqef[US W` W^ Va_[`[a VW^ USefW^^Sà% k à bad g` Sfd[Tgfa[`fdqèWUa VW âe Xa`W_Se cgW Ua_ba`W` W^ e[Y`[X[US`fW `[ bad g`[_bWdSf[ha [_bgWefa bad W^ aT\Wfa Çe[^^SÉ' FdgWTS VW W^â We ^SWj[efWÙ[S VW afdS Ua_T[`SU[s` VW Xa`W_Se bSdS Uaèf[fg[d WeWe[Y`[X[US`fW W` afdS ^W`YgS !DIBJS W` [`Yôe% bad W\W_bâ#'

:W SZq cgW% S^ bdaba`Wd W^ WecgW_S àd_S&V[XWdWÙ[S kaTeWdhSd ^S fdSèXad_SU[s` VW S^Yg`Se V[XWdWÙ[Se W` fdSèYdW&e[a`We k VWeh[SU[a`We% à eW [_bgY`S ^Se àd_Se Ua_a fS^We% `[fS_baUa eW b^S`fWS g`S e[fgSU[s` [VWS^ VW à&baVWd' 7`fWe T[W`%eW [_bgY`S W^ DBS\DUFS BSCJUSBSJP VW U[WdfSe àd_Se% VW FTQBDJPT

EF OPSNBMJEBE UgkS d[Y[VWl UaSdfS a `[WYS âe VWdWUZae S ^SWj[efWÙ[S VW V[XWdWÙ[Se fS^We Ua_a ^S Za_aeWjgS^[VSV k ^S[YgS^VSV VW âe Yo`Wdae' ;` g`S bS^STdS% ^S Udqf[US VW ^Se àd_SeUaèf[fgkW% W` WefW Ua`fWjfa% g`S Udqf[US VW ^S JOUPMFSBODJB IBDJB

FM PUSP cgW eW VWebdW`VW VW U[WdfSe àd_Se eaU[S^We% VW ^SebdmUf[USe V[eUd[_[`Sfad[Se cgW YW`WdS` k VW^ bdaUWVWd VW ScgW^âecgW Uaf[V[S`S_W`fW eW WÙSdYS` VW _S`fW`Wd^Se W` h[YWÙ[S'

Kà VW âe b^S`fWS_[W`fae _me ûU[Vae VW ^S UgWef[s` VW^S fa^WdSÙ[S e[YgW e[W`Va ^S [`fWdhWÙ[s` VW FS^_[da JaY^[Sff[ W`g`S baô_[US W`fdW Ua_g`[efSe k USfs^[Uae W` W^ bWd[aVa VWbaeYgWddS' ;` ^S ?fS^[S VW *2-/% S^ _[e_a f[W_ba W` cgW eWVWe_ada`STS W^ XdW`fW S`f[&XSeU[efS cgW SY^gf[`s S Ua_g`[efSe%eaU[S^[efSe k VW_sUdSfSUd[ef[Sàe% SddWU[STS ^S US_bSrS U^Wd[US^bSdS Wh[fSd W^ Sbaka VW^ W^WUfadSVa USfs^[Ua S^ FSdf[Va 9a_g`[efSVW ?fS^[S "F9?#' 7`fW WefS US_bSrS bdabSYS`Vqef[US% JaY^[Sff[SdYg_W`fs â e[Yg[W`fW3

Ä|Ggo UaeS cg[WdW VWU[d% bgWe%''' ^S Xsd_g^S ÇUa` 9d[efa aUa`fdS 9d[efaÉ% cgW XgW W` W^ bSeSVa ^S VW ^Se YgWddSe VWdW^[Y[s`6 7`fWe cgW `SVS% f[W`W g` Ua`fW`[Va [VWa^sY[Ua'Ç9d[efaÉ We% W` dWS^[VSV% g`S VWfWd_[`SVS [VWaâYqS''' We

.+

[`Wh[fST^W% _me Su`% ^sY[Ua k `SfgdS^% cgW USVS [VWaâYqSf[W`VS S^ bdaeW^[f[e_a' FWda ZSUW Vae a fdWe e[Yâe% k W``gWefda bSqe ZSUW kS g` e[Yâ% cgW W^ bdaeW^[f[e_a[VWa^sY[Ua k dW^[Y[aea eW VWeW`hgW^hW W` g` U^[_S VWfa^WdSÙ[S dWUqbdaUS W`fdW ^Se V[XWdW`fWe [VWaâYqSe k ^Se XWeV[XWdW`fWe' ;eW U^[_S VW dWUqbdaUS fa^WdSÙ[S We W^ cgW ZSUWbae[T^W ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW g`S eaU[WVSV U[h[^ k VW g`SeaU[WVSV ba^qf[US W` ^S cgW à eW b[VW% bSdS g`S `WUWeSd[SUa^STadSU[s` W` W^ T[W` Ua_u`% ^S SVZWe[s` VW faVae S ^S_[e_S [VWaâYqS a ^S bdaXWe[s` VW âe _[e_ae bd[Ù[b[aedW^[Y[aeae' FWda UPMFSBODJB RVJFSF EFDJS RVF OP FTUPZPCMJHBEP B QFOTBS RVF FTU\O FO gDPOUSBh EF N_ MPT RVF OP

FTU\O gDPONJHPh% BS Xsd_g^S DPONJHP P DPOUSB N_ WjU^gkW^S fa^WdSÙ[S4 WjU^gkW% We VWU[d% g`S VW ^Se _SkadWeUa`cg[efSe VW ^S UaÙ[WÙ[S _aVWd`SÅ "0#'

BS d[Y[VWl VW g`S àd_S^[VSV Wj[efW`fW Ua[Ù[VW Ua` g`SaTeWe[s` bad Ua`fda^Sd ^S V[hWde[VSV W` fadà S g` ùU^WaZa_aYo`Wa3 ba`W VW _S`[X[Wefa g`S dWf[UWÙ[S bSdS bWèSd ScgW^âcgW à We [YgS^ S eq _[e_a% dWf[UWÙ[S cgW VW\S W`fdWhWd g`bWèS_[W`fa Va_[`SVa bad â cgW eW ZS VWà_[`SVa MaHJDB EF

MB JEFOUJEBE "1#' 7^^q Va`VW g`S ^sY[US [VW`f[fSd[S eW SddS[YS% eW

0' FS^_[da JaY^[SBf[% Ä|JafS^[fSd[e_a6 % BWa`SdVa FSYY[ "Ua_b[^SVad#%-PNVOJTUBT# TPDJBMJTUBT# DBUaMJDPT "*20-#% ;V[fad[S^ BS[S% 8SdUWâ`S% *201% b' *)1';^ egTdSkSVa We `gWefda'1' L[ÙW`f :WeUa_TdWe% 7PEFSO 0SFODI :IJMPTPQIZ "*202#% 9S_Td[VYWK`[hWde[fk FdWee% 9S_Td[VYW% *21)' ;` WefW WjUW^W`fW WèSka Udqf[Ua SUWdUS VW^S X[âeaXqS XdSÙWeS VW âe u^f[_ae /) Srae% :WeUa_TdWe b^S`fWS cgW bSdSbWèSVadWe Ua_a <agUSg^f% :Wdd[VS% :W^WglW k afdae% ^S V[SôUf[US We g` _aVaVW bWèS_[W`fa Ä[ÙSbSl VW dWbdWeW`fSd S^ PUSP S eq _[e_a e[` dWVgU[dâ S â JHVBM"eS_W#% k bad Uaè[Yg[W`fW% egTadV[`S ^S V[XWdWÙ[S S ^S [VW`f[VSVÅ' ;d`Wefa BSU^SgdWfa_S WefW bg`fa W` eg Udqf[US S ^Se V[X[Ug^fSVWe VW^ bWèS_[W`fa _Sdj[efS bSdSW`XdW`fSd ^S UgWef[s` VW ^S UdWU[W`fW Ua_b^W\[VSV eaU[S^% ÄbSdS W`XdW`fSd S^ Efda%S ScgW^â cgW We V[XWdW`fW W` dW^SU[s` S^ V[eUgdea _Sdj[efSÅ' BSU^Sg hW g` `WjaW`fdW WefS V[X[Ug^fSV k ^S ^sY[US VW ^S [VW`f[VSV% bgWefa cgW eWrS^S cgW Ä^S Z[efad[SVW^ _Sdj[e_a ZS e[Va g`S Z[efad[S VW âe WeXgWdlae bad ^[V[Sd Ua` ^S UgWef[s` VW^S V[XWdWÙ[S% bSdS Va_Wef[USd^S VW S^Yg`S _S`WdS W` g` V[eUgdea Va_[`SVa badg`S ^sY[US [VW`f[fSd[SÅ' LWd eg ÄJdSèXad_Sll[a`W W fWadqS VW^ eaYYWffaÅ% C[_Wa%K`[hWde[fk aX ;eeWj% :[U[W_TdW *21*' LWd fS_T[o` /M EFTFP EF MB MJCFSUBE !MBEJBM^DUJDB Z MB DVFTUJaO EFM PUSP" # WèSka [Ù^g[Va W` WefW ^[Tda'

.,

dWVgUW` âe _mdYW`We VW fa^WdSÙ[S `WUWeSd[ae bSdS dWUaàUWd Sâfda% S â V[XWdW`fW' JaVa bWèS_[W`fa TSeSVa bd[_adV[S^_W`fW W`WefS ^sY[US Uaèf[fgkW g` aTefmUgâ Uaè[VWdST^W bSdS bWèSd W^QMVSBMJTNP# eWS ba^qf[Ua% dW^[Y[aea% [VWa^sY[Ua% eWjgS^% VW Yo`Wdag afda'

*% @XLRdV XWY TW UeT[RXTN0 TJ L\NZ[RdV ]JTWYJ[R]J%

7cgq USTW bdWYg`fSdeW% |bad cgo eWdqS VWeWST^W Xa_W`fSdW^ b^gdS^[e_a% e[ `SVS àe V[UW% S^ _Wàe W` bd[Ù[b[a% cgW â`gWha We _W\ad cgW â kS Wj[efW`fW% a â V[XWdW`fW bdWXWd[T^W S âÇàd_S^É6 ;e bWdXWUfS_W`fW bae[T^W cgW eWS [YgS^ a bWad' FWda e[T[W` We U[Wdfa cgW à eW bgWVW YSdS`f[lSd VW S`fW_Sà cgW â`gWha a V[ef[`fa eWdm VW bad eq bdWXWd[T^W% fS_baUa eW bgWVWSUWbfSd cgW â cgW kS Wj[efW% cgW We UaàU[Va k bdWVa_[`S`fW% ZSVW eWdâ bad W^ _Wda ZWUZa VW ZSTWdeW SddS[YSVa W [èf[fgU[a`S&^[lSVa'

9aè[VWdS`Va Wefa% S^ _Wàe We bae[T^W Ua`hW`[d cgW àbgWVW Wecg[hSdeW ^S `WUWe[VSV VW STadVSd ^S UgWef[s`' ;` bd[_Wd^gYSd% badcgW ^S dWX^Wj[s` à eW dWX[WdW S WebSU[ae eaU[S^WedW^Sf[hS_W`fW e[_b^We k baUa V[XWdWÙ[SVae% e[à cgW S WebSU[aeW` âe UgS^We Wj[efW` bdaUWeae Ua`g!`gae VW V[hWde[X[USU[s` kV[XWdWÙ[SU[s` cgW Ua`VgUW` S g`S UdWU[W`fW DPNQMFKJ[BDJaO VW ^Sh[VS Uaf[V[S`S' ;^â [_b^[US% `WUWeSd[S_W`fW% W^ egdY[_[W`fa VW g`b^gdS^ VW V[XWdWÙ[Se' O W` eWYg`Va ^gYSd% badcgW W^ bd[Ù[b[adqY[VS_W`fW g`[fSd[a cgW USdSUfWd[lS S^ DPONJHP P DPOUSB N_#

WjU^gkW`fW VW â V[XWdW`fW% We bdab[a VW eWUfSe% Ua_g`[VSVWeUWddSVSe k _ah[_[W`fae VW f[ba _[^W`Sd[efS% a VW WebSU[ae eaU[S^WeUgkS UaV[X[USU[s` Sgfad[fSd[S k hWdf[US^[efS [_b[VW dWUaàUWd Sâfda' ;efa à W^[_[`S W^ bdaT^W_S% e[à cgW â hgW^hW S b^S`fWSdVW afda _aVa3 Us_a eaTdWh[hW` WefSe V[XWdWÙ[Se W` S_T[W`fWeVWU[V[VS_W`fW Zaef[^We'

;` faVa USea% à eW TgeUS b^S`fWSd ^S e[fgSU[s` W` fod_[àeVW g`S abU[s` WjU^gkW`fW W`fdW ^S àd_S k eg V[XWdWÙ[S "W`fdW^S ZWfWdaeWjgS^[VSV k ^S Za_aeWjgS^[VSV% bad W\W_bâ#' ;^

.-

bdaT^W_S à We WeUaYWd W`fdW g`S k afdS% W`fdW ^S àd_S k ^SV[XWdWÙ[S% e[à _me T[W` UdWSd g` WebSU[a OPSNBM Va`VW ZSkSUST[VS bSdS g` b^gdS^[e_a W`fW`V[Va Ua_a _g^f[b^[U[VSV VWabU[a`We'

I[` W_TSdYa% Wefa kS à We VWU[V[T^W WjU^ge[hS_W`fW W` W^b^Sà VW^ eSTWd' ;e VWU[d% S bWeSd VW cgW eW baVdqS W^STadSd _meVW g`S WefdSfWY[S VW hS^[VSU[s` a ^WY[f[_SU[s` UaÙWbfgS^ bSdSVWXW`VWd WefS bae[U[s`% We `WUWeSd[a dWUaàUWd cgW eW fdSfS VW g`bdaT^W_S UgkS dWea^gU[s` à eW gT[US fS` esâ W` W^ b^Sà ^sY[Ua&SdYg_W`fSf[ha' BS abU[s` bad g` WebSU[a b^gdS^ We S^Ya VWU[V[T^WXg`VS_W`fS^_W`fW W` W^ b^Sà hSâdSf[ha% a â cgW We â _[e_a%ege dSqUWe VWTW` TgeUSdeW W` FM UFSSFOP EF MPT KVJDJPT EF WBMPS)

e[ eW [_bgY`S g`S àd_S^[VSV dqY[VS% cgW WjU^gkW S ^S fa^WdSÙ[S%We badcgW TF QSFGJFSF g`S Wj[efWÙ[S Va`VW â _u^f[b^W fW`YSUST[VS' 9a_a V[UW Ca`fS[Y`W% Ä^S V[hWde[VSV VW Uaefg_TdW W`fdWg`S k afdS `SU[s` _W SfdSW` u`[US_W`fW QPS FM QMBDFS EF MB

WBSJFEBEf "2#' FWèSd cgW esâ eW fdSfS VW g`S abU[s` dSU[a`S^ We%W` u^f[_S [èfSÙ[S% g` _Wda SgfaW`YSra' ÄBae hSâdWe à ea`Wcg[hS^W`fWe% VWeVW ^gWYa% bWda à ea` VW_aefdST^We aT\Wf[hS&_W`fW% e[à cgW ea` g`S UgWef[s` VW W^WUU[s` k VW Ua`X^[UfaÅ "*)#'Ba UgS^ à e[Y`[X[US% bad egbgWefa% cgW à eW bgWVS` a VWTS`W^STadSd WefdSfWY[Se VW VWXWèS B QPTUFSJPSJ# _WfS^W`YgS\WedSU[a`S^We bSdS \gef[X[USd% VWXW`VWd k ^WY[f[_Sd g`S VWfWd_[`SVSbdWXWdWÙ[S hSâdSf[hS W`fdW hSd[Se bae[T^We'

;` ^S bWdebWUf[hS SVabfSVS Scgq% WefS bdWXWdWÙ[S a fa_SVW bae[U[s` bad â V[hWdea% WefS dW[h[`V[USU[s` VW ^S fa^WdSÙ[S%eW TSeS W` UgSfda hSâdWe S âe cgW eW ^We Se[Y`S g` USdmUfWdbae[f[ha VW bad eq3 âe VW MJCFSUBE# KVTUJDJB# JHVBMEBE Z EFNPDSBDJB

bSdS bWèSd ^S V[XWdWÙ[S' IW fdSfS VW g` bdakWUfa Wj[efWÙ[S^3

2' 9[fSVa bad JlhWfS` JaVadah% ÄBS fa^WdSÙ[S k â [`fa^WdST^WÅ% 6FUSB

3OUFSOBDJPOBM Dw +% CSVd[V% hWdSà *21/% b' /-'*)' FSaâ <âdWe% @aeWb CSdqS 9aâ_Wd% ÄCaVWd`[VSV% gf[^[fSd[e_a% VW_aUdSU[SÅ%6FUSB 3OUFSOBDJPOBM Dw 0% CSVd[V% afara *210% b' -0'

..

[' Va`VW ^S MJCFSUBE bWdea`S^% à `WUWeSd[S_W`fW ^[YSVSS^ JOEJWJEVBMJTNP QPTFTJWP VW f[ba TgdYgoe% e[à _me T[W`S ^S [VWS VW BVUPOPN_B% fW`YS g`S [_badfSÙ[S dSV[US^ W`fS`fa Ua`V[U[s` VW bae[T[^[VSV bSdS W^ VWeSdda^â VW ^SeUSbSU[VSVWe [`V[h[VgS^We e[` [`fWdXWd[d eaTdW fWdUWdae4

[[' Va`VW ^S KVTUJDJB dWUaàUW ^S Ua`X^[Uf[h[VSV bdab[S VWâ eaU[S^% k bad W^â% Seg_W eg bSbW^ Ua_a SdT[fda S`fWe cgWUa_a [èfSÙ[S VW g`[s` W` âe Ua`X^[Ufae3 S`fW W^ b^gdS^VW abU[a`We VW [VW`f[VSV% W^ W\WdU[U[a VW ^S \gef[U[S esâVWTW hW^Sd bad âe VWdWUZae VW fWdUWdae4

[[[' Va`VW W^ VWdWUZa [ddWefd[Ufa S ^S JHVBMEBE eWS _S`fW&`[Va Ua_a aT\Wf[ha bWd_S`W`fW VW ^S SYdgbSU[s`% eWS W`â cgW dWebWUfS S ^Se abadfg`[VSVWe a S g` fdSfa à V[eUd[&_[`Sfad[a% bgWefa cgW esâ SUWbfS`Va cgW faVae ea` [YgS^WeeW bgWVW dWUaàUWd cgW e[YgW` e[W`Va V[XWdW`fWe "**#4

[h' k Va`VW ^S EFNPDSBDJB [_b^[cgW dWY^Se VW \gWYa k_aVae VW eWd S fdShoe VW âe UgS^We eW dWebWfW` ^SebdWXWdWÙ[Se [`V[h[VgS^We k ^Se ha^g`fSVWe VW _SkadqSe k_[àdqSe% We VWU[d% Va`VW ^S bgWefS W` bdmUf[US VW^ \gWYaW`fdW âe W^W_W`fae VW^ T[à_[a Ua`X^[Uf[h[VSV(UaèW`&egS^[VSV VWfWd_[`W ^Se bae[T[^[VSVWe VW [èf[fg[d `gWhaehSâdWe k _aV[X[USd ^S OPSNBMJEBE h[YW`fW'

+% CNZRZ[NVLRJZ _ TJ YNJTRMJM MNT XWMNY0 TJ L\NZ[RdV MN TJJLLRdV%

FWda Scgq baVdqS egdY[d g`S aT\WU[s`' I[ ScgW^â cgW WeV[XWdW`fW k SbSdW`fW_W`fW EPNJOBEP à UgWef[a`S Sg`cgW eWS_q`[_S_W`fW W^ adVW` Wj[efW`fW% Ua_a bad W\W_bâ% g`S _g\Wd

**' JlhW^S` JaVadah% PQ% DJU%# bb' // k ee'

./

cgW Uaè[VWdS eg Ua`X[`S_[W`fa W` W^ WebSU[a Va_oef[Ua Ua_aS^Ya bWdXWUfS_W`fW àd_S^% |eWdqS SUSea VW^ faVa hm^[Va [_bgfSdB QSJPSJ ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW g`S e[fgSU[s` VW PQSFTJaO W` WeW adVW`67`fW ^S SgeWÙ[S VW dWe[efWÙ[Se Wjb^qU[fSe% |cgo àe bWd_[f[dqSZST^Sd VW g`S FDPOPN_B EF MB PQSFTJaO# VW g`S Va_[`SU[s`6:Webgoe VW faVa% We Xg`VS_W`fS^_W`fW S bSdf[d VW âe ^gYSdWeVa`VW `SUW` k eW adYS`[lS` VWeSXqae S^ baVWd cgW eW âYdS ZSUWdh[e[T^W ^S Xad_S% W^ SÛSÙW k âe ^q_[fWe VW oefW'

7u` SUWbfS`Va Wefa Ua_a dWY^S YW`WdS^% eW bgWVW _S`fW`Wd^S SdYg_W`fSU[s` W` W^ b^Sà S`S^qf[Ua k VWeSdda^^Sd ^S Z[bsfWe[eVW ^S abdWe[s`' K` bd[_Wd bSea We dWUaàUWd cgW W^ Ua_u`VWà_[`SVad VW âe Vae USeae geSVae bSdS [^gefdSd W^ WecgW_Sàd_S&V[XWdWÙ[S% W^ VW ^S eWjgS^[VSV k W^ VW^ Yo`Wda% We W^ ZWUZacgW S_Tae egdYW` VW`fda VW Va_[`[ae kS dWYg^SVae bad V[eUgdeae%bdmUf[USe% [èf[fgU[a`We k eg\Wfae' IW UaèfSfS Seq ^S bdWeWÙ[S VWg` baVWd RVF ZB IB DSFBEP g` U[Wdfa WebSU[a adVW`SVa% k VWXW`s_Wàe ~eWS` Wefae OPSNBMFT a EJGFSFODJBMFT~ cgW eWVWeW`hgW^hW` W` WeW WebSU[a'

K` eWYg`Va bSea We UaèfSfSd cgW% W` U[Wdfae USeae k W`VWfWd_[`SVae _a_W`fae% ScgW^â cgW W^ S`m^[e[e [VW`f[X[US Ua_aV[XWdWÙ[S eW Ua`h[WdfW W` W^ T^SÙa VW [`[U[Sf[hSe g`[^SfWdS^We VWàd_S^[lSU[s`% eWS` a à SUWbfSVSe bad W^ ÉT^SÙaÉ g aT\Wf[ha VW^S W_bdWeS àd_S^[lSVadS' ;eS _ah[^[lSU[s` VW WefdSfWY[Seàd_S^[lSVadSe% S^ bdWeU[`V[d VW g`S SUWbfSU[s` bdWh[S bSdS cgWeWS bgWefS W` bdmUf[US% dWhW^S ^S bdWeWÙ[S VW VO QPEFS Z TVT

FGFDUPT# Sg`cgW esâ eWS W` W^ eW`f[Va VW VW_aefdSd eg USbSU[VSVbSdS [`fWdhW`[d e[` eWd dWe[ef[Va' ;efS e[_b^W UaèfSfSU[s` à àebWd_[fW faVShqS ZST^Sd VW g`S PQSFTJaO a g`S EPNJOBDJaO W` WêW`f[Va S_b^[a cgW eW ^W Se[Y`S YW`WdS^_W`fW S^ UaÙWbfa' FWdabWd_[fW% W` US_T[a% dWUaàUWd g` U[Wdfa _S^WefSd W` W^ CMBODP# P

S^ _Wàe W` S^Ygàe VW W^âe% cgW eW dWe[Y`S` S BDBUBS TJO DVNQMJS#

Sg`cgW fS_T[o` e[` Ua_TSf[d'I[ WeW _S^WefSd bdWhS^WUW W`fdW V[XWdWÙ[Se cgW e[YgW`

Wj[ef[W`Va Ua_a fS^We e[` egUg_T[d `[ Ua_TSf[d bad eg VWdWUZaVW eWd% e[Y`[X[US cgW eW VS g`S egWdfW VW _WlU^S W`fdW

.0

[Ùa`Xad_[e_a W [_bafWÙ[S3 bad g` ^SVa% eW SbdWU[SdqS gÙgWef[a`S_[W`fa VW U[WdfSe e[fgSU[a`We cgW ^S _SkadqS VW âeÇZST[fS`fWeÉ VW^ WebSU[a adVW`SVa bWdU[TW Ua_a Ç`SfgdS^WeÉ aÇVSVSeÉ4 bad W^ afda% eW aTeWdhSdqS` [_bgêae% fS^ hWl WebadmV[Uae%ÇegTfWddm`WaeÉ k baUa WjfW`V[Vae% bad Wj[ef[d e[` W`XdW`fSdeW Ua`ScgW^â cgW SbSdWUW Ua_a ÇbaVWd àd_S^[lSVadÉ' ;e W^ USea% badW\W_bâ% VW V[XWdWÙ[Se eWjgS^We cgW UgWef[a`S` ^S d[Y[VWl VW âàd_S^% bWda e[` SfdWhWdeW S Ua`hWdf[d eg UgWef[a`S_[W`fa W` g`SSUU[s` V[d[Y[VS S fdSèXad_Sd W^ WefSVa VW UaeSe Wj[efW`fW'

Fad _me W^W_W`fS^ k bdWUSd[a cgW bSdWlUS% W^â ^^WhS S ^SUa^WUf[h[VSV S UaèfSfSd ^S Wj[efWÙ[S fW`Sl VW V[XWdWÙ[Se% k S^ZSUWdâ% S dWUaàUWd g`S U[WdfS BTJNFUS_B W` W^ fWdd[fad[a VW âàd_S^' O W^ _S^WefSd a [Ùa`Xad_[e_a% ^S UaèfSfSU[s` VW g`SSe[_WfdqS% ^S _WdS FOVODJBDJaO EF VOB SFBMJEBE P TJUVBDJaO DPNP

VOB EF EFTJHVBMEBE# [`VWbW`V[W`fW_W`fW VW e[ eW Wefm S XShad aW` Ua`fdS VW^ _S`fW`[_[W`fa VW WeS VWe[YgS^VSV% Uaèf[fgkW g`SegWdfW VW NPNFOUP QSJNJUJWP# UdWSVad VW âe Xg`VS_W`fae bSdS g`bdaUWea _me S_b^[a VW bWdU[T[d S^Ya fS` aTh[a cgW bSdWUWdqS[`h[e[T^W3 ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW dW^SU[a`We VW Va_[`SU[s` k egTadV[&`SU[s` cgW eW bdWeW`fS` S eq _[e_Se Ua_a [àUW`fW OBUVSBMF[B

VW ^Se UaeSe' ;e W^ USea% bad W\W_bâ% VW ^Se _g\WdWe k ^S UgWef[s`VW ^S VWe[YgS^VSV W`fdW âe Yo`Wdae3 S^ W`gÙ[Sd g` _S^WefSddWebWUfa S eg Ua`X[`S_[W`fa S^ m_T[fa bd[hSVa&Va_oef[Ua%[VW`f[X[US` dW^SU[a`We VW egTadV[`SU[s` cgW ^S _SkadqS bWdU[TW fSèsâ Ua_a OBUVSBMF[B Zg_S`S% bWdXWUfS_W`fW ^WYqf[_S W [`_g&fST^W'

ÄO e[ VWe[Y`Sd âe ùU^Wae% VW`gÙ[Sdâe% ZST^Sd buT^[US&_W`fW VW W^âe% We g`S ^gUZS% à eW VWTW S cgW `SV[W fgh[WdSUaÙ[WÙ[S% e[à S cgW IBCMBS EF FTUF UFNB# GPS[BS MB SFE

EF JOGPSNBDJaO JOTUJUVDJPOBM# OPNCSBS# EFDJS RVJÔ IB

IFDIP RV^# EFTJHOBS FM CMBODP# FT VOB QSJNFSB JOWFSTJaO

EFM QPEFS# FT VO QSJNFS QBTP FO GVODJaO EF PUSBT MVDIBT

DPOUSB FM QPEFS% I[ âe V[eUgdeae Ua_a âe VW âe VWfW`[Vae' a âe VW âe _oV[Uae VW ^Se bd[e[a`We ea` ^gUZSe% We badcgW

.1

Ua`X[eUS` g` [èfS`fW S^ _Wàe W^ baVWd VW ZST^Sd VW ^Sebd[e[a`We% SUfgS^_W`fW aUgbSVa WjU^ge[hS_W`fW bad ^SSV_[`[efdSU[s` k bad ege Ua_bSVdWe dWXad_SVadWeÅ "*+#'

;^ e[_b^W ZWUZa VW baVWd ^^WYSd S W`gÙ[Sd WeW _S^WefSdWe g` _a_W`fa VW [`X^Wj[s` [_badfS`fW W` faVa bdaUWea VWfdSèXad_SU[s` VW â dWS^% W` fS`fa Sbg`fS S ^S bae[T[^[VSV% S hWUWebWdU[T[VS bWda à e[W_bdW `[ `WUWeSd[S_W`fW ^^WhSVS S USTaSgfa_mf[US_W`fW% VW SFDPOWFSUJS MP OBUVSBM FO TPDJBM) VWdWUa`hWdf[d ScgW^â cgW W^ baVWd adVW`SVad k W^ eW`f[Va Ua_uÙaÙ[TW` Ua_a VWeh[SU[a`We k bSfaâYqSe W` â cgW hWdVSVWdS&_W`fW ea`% W` EJGFSFODJBT% ;e VWU[d% eW fdSfS VW b^S`fWSd ^Se[fgSU[s` VW ^Se V[XWdWÙ[Se ~VW Yo`Wda% VW abU[s` eWjgS^ a VWafda f[ba~ Ua_a dW^SU[a`We TPDJBMFT S`fWe cgW OBUVSBMFT% ;e g`bg`fa VW bSdf[VS [_badfS`fW bSdS ^S Uaèf[fgU[s` VW g` U[Wdfa f[baVW JEFOUJEBE# ^S VW^ TPNFUJEP cgW [`fW`fS SX[d_SdeW Ua_a JHVBM

k eWd dWUaàU[Va Ua_a fS^' FSdS U[fSd g`S hWl _me S HaeeS`VS%^S fW_mf[US VW ^S [YgS^VSV egdYW U^SdS_W`fW VW ^S [VWS VWU[gVSVS`qS k VW^ VWdWUZa S hafa3

ÄIWd U[gVSVSà We g`S bSdfW bWcgWrS VW `gWefdS Wj[efWÙ[S%bgWefa cgW bad â YW`WdS^ à ea_ae W`fWdS_W`fW U[gVS&VSàe' FWda Ua_a U[gVSVSàe% VWTW_ae hWd cgW faVaZa_TdW% _g\Wd% `WYda% T^SÙa% \ahW` k h[W\a UgW`fW bad[YgS^% bgWefa cgW ^S h[VS VW USVS gà We UgS^cg[Wd UaeS_Wàe Ua_bSdST^W Ua` ^S h[VS VW afda' ;^ bd[Ù[b[a VW ^S[YgS^VSV% W` W^ hafa% egdYW VW^ ZWUZa cgW ^S h[VS VW USVSgà à bgWVW eWd Uaè[VWdSVS Ua_a [`XWd[ad S ^S VW g` afdaÅ"*,#'

*+' ÄBae [`fW^WUfgS^We k W^ baVWdÅ "*20+#% W`fdWh[efS Ua` C[WfW[ <agUSg^f k =[^^We:W^WglW% W` C[UZW^ <agUSg^f% 7JDSPGJTJDB EFM QPEFS "*200#% ;V[fad[S^ BS F[cgWfS%CSVd[V% *201% b' 1-' ;^ egTdSkSVa We `gWefda'

*,' HaeeS`S HaeeS`VS% PQ% DJU%# b' 1-'

.2

;^ QSJODJQJP EF JHVBMEBE# cgW [_b^[US g`S dWUaV[X[USU[s`VW dW^SU[a`We Se[_ofd[USe VW Va_[`SU[s` W` fod_[àe VW [YgS^VSVW`fdW _u^f[b^We afdae% eW Ua`fdSba`W S^ QSJODJQJP EF EPNJOBDJaO#

bdab[a VW m_T[fae àd_S^We Va`VW bdWhS^WUW` ^S d[Y[VWl k W^hWdf[US^[e_a W` W^ fdSfS_[W`fa VW â V[XWdW`fW' ;^â hS^W bSdS âe`[hW^We _SUda k _[UdaeaU[S^We' FWda ^S SX[d_SU[s` VW g`S[VW`f[VSV% a _me T[W` VW g` bdakWUfa UdWSVad VW g`S [VW`f[VSVW` g` Ua`fWjfa WjU^gkW_W% WebWU[S^_W`fW S`fW g` baVWd adVW`SVadad[W`fSVa bad g`S ^sY[US [VW`f[fSd[S% dWcg[WdW S^Ya _me cgW W^b^S`fWS_[W`fa VW g`S MaHJDB [YgS^[fSd[S' LS^W VWU[d% e[ ^S abU[s`bad WebSU[ae _u^f[b^We dWcgWdqS W^ eS^fa VW^ b^Sà S`S^qf[Ua S^ b^SàhSâdSf[ha% ^S fdSè[U[s` VW^ b^Sà VW ^S Udqf[US VWe_[f[X[US`fW S^b^Sà VW ^Se fdSèXad_SU[a`We VW â dWS^ dWcg[WdW g`S BDDJaO VWdWe[efWÙ[S W` VWXWèS VW WeW bdakWUfa VW [VW`f[VSV' :W SZq W` _me%W^ bdaUWea kS à We ~a bad â _Wàe% kS à We fS` eaâ&*& g`SUgWef[s` VW USdmUfWd àd_Sf[ha% `[ e[cg[WdS hSâdSf[ha3 bSeS S eWdW_[`W`fW_W`fW FYJTUFODJBM# We VWU[d% bSeS S VWbW`VWd VW ^Sha^g`fSV% ^S USbSU[VSV k ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW Seg_[d W^ d[WeYa VW^W`XdW`fS_[W`fa'

FadcgW S^ Wd[Y[deW dWe[efWÙ[Se k ba`Wd W` WeUW`S Ua`&Xda`fSU[a`We Ua` W^ baVWd% eW fdSW S ^S egbWdX[U[W eg USdmUfWdSgfad[fSd[a a VW_aUdmf[Ua% WjU^gkW`fW a [Ù^gkW`fW% eg bdWV[eba&e[U[s` S Ua`Xda`fSdeW W` Xad_S VWefdgUf[hS a UaabWdSf[hS% S`WYaU[Sd a dWbd[_[d% UaeS cgW W` e[fgSU[a`We OPSNBMFT ~W` WefWUSea% VW à UgWef[a`S_[W`fa~ bgWVW _S`fW`WdeW V[eXdSlSVS' ;eVWU[d% âe Ua`X^[Ufae Uaèf[fgkW` g` V[ebae[f[ha bd[h[^WY[SVa bSdS_WV[d ^S FMBTUJDJEBE VW g` e[efW_S VW baVWd% bgWefa cgW% S^SYgV[lSd ^S fWè[s` W`fdW bSdfWe Ua`fdSbgWefSe% SkgVS` S _WV[dZSefS Va`VW bgWVW a cg[WdW [d W^ adVW`S_[W`fa WefST^WU[Va% ZSefSVa`VW We USbSl VW fa^WdSd W^ V[eWèa k SUWbfSd fdSèXad_SU[a`WeVW â Wj[efW`fW bad hqS VW ^S `WYaU[SU[s` S`fWe cgW bad W^ dWUgdeaS Ua`fda^We dWbdWe[hae' 7VW_me% bWd_[fW` [VW`f[X[USd Us_a eWUa_T[`S` dWS^_W`fW âe UW`fdae% _WV[ae k US`S^We VW baVWd% S^YacgW à e[W_bdW We bWdU[T[Va Ua` fS^ U^Sd[VSV W` ^S dWV Xad_S^ VW\WdSdcgqSe% Ua_bWfWÙ[Se k m_T[fae VW VWU[e[s` W [`fWdhWÙ[s`3

/)

bWd_[fW` [VW`f[X[USd cg[W`We ea` âe cgW WXWUf[hS_W`fW _S`VS`%k Us_a â ZSUW`'

,% =WZ URLYWXWMNYNZ0 \V JKJVRLW MN LRYL\R[WZ VWYUJ$MRONYNVLRJ%

;efa f[W`W UgSfda UaèWUgWÙ[Se [_badfS`fWe bSdS cg[W` eW[`fWdWeS bad â Çba^qf[UaÉ' Fd[_Wda% eW dWUaàUW% bad g`S bSdfW% cgWW` g` WebSU[a VW baVWd UgS^cg[WdS bgWVW` ^^WYSd S UaWj[ef[dfmUf[USe% _aVS^[VSVWe VW UmÛgâ WefdSfoY[Ua% eSTWdWe k d[fgS^WeUBOUP EF EPNJOBDJaO DPNP EF SFTJTUFODJB* bad afdS bSdfW% eWVWeUgTdW cgW ^S dW^SU[s` W`fdW baVWd abdWe[ha k eg\Wfa cgW dWe[efWSbSdWUW Ua_a bdaT^W_S cgW VWTW eWd V[^gU[VSVa W` USVS USea% kà Ua_a S^Ya kS Seg_[Va VW S`fW_Sà W` W^ S`m^[e[e' ;^ hqÙgâbaVWd&abdWe[s` à We g` VSfa cgW eW VWebdW`VW VW ^S `SfgdS^WlSVW ^Se UaeSe% à We S^Ya fdSèbSdW`fW a Wh[VW`fW W` eq _[e_a% Ua_aeW h[s S^ dWebWUfa VW ^Se V[XWdWÙ[Se VW Yo`Wda a VW abU[s` eWjgS^3We g`S dWS^[VSV _WV[SfS% à [`_WV[SfS'

7^ _[e_a f[W_ba% ^S dWe[efWÙ[S à We g`S USfWYadqSVWX[`[U[a`S^ VW ScgW^âe cgW Wefm` eg\Wfae S g`S dW^SU[s` VW baVWd';j[efW` USeae VW eWdh[Vg_TdW STdSlSVS Ua_a abU[s` Wj[efWÙ[S^%g`S egWdfW VW _adS^ VW âe ea_Wf[Vae% VW VWeWa bad ^S eWdh[Vg_TdWcgW egdYW VW ^S XSeU[`SU[s` bad W^ baVWd% VW ^S V[X[Ug^fSV bSdS[_SY[`Sd g` hqÙgâ eaU[S^ V[ef[`fa a S^fWd`Sf[ha S^ VW ^S eg_[e[s`"*-#' BS dWe[efWÙ[S `[ e[cg[WdS bgWVW eWd Uaè[VWdSVS Ua_aSfd[Tgfa VW ScgW^âe cgW eW SFDPOPDFO Ua_a abd[_[Vae3 SV[XWdWÙ[S VW g`S bdabgWefS dSU[a`S^&ha^g`fSd[efS% cgW f[W`VW S^[YSd ^[`WS^% eWUgWÙ[S^ k `WUWeSd[S_W`fW DPODJFODJB Ua` BDDJaO

USBOTGPSNBEPSB% ^S fWe[e VW <agUSg^f b^S`fWS ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW g`Z[Sfa W`fdW W^ dWUaàU[_[W`fa VW ^S abdWe[s` k ^S dWe[efWÙ[S S`fW

*-' K`S VW ^Se _W\adWe dWX^Wj[a`We SUWdUS VW WefW fW_S XgW VWeSdda^^SVS ZSUW _meVW -.) Srae bad ;f[W``W VW ^S 8aWf[W% /M EJTDVSTP EF MB TFSWJEVNCSF WPMVOUBSJB

"*.-1#% JgecgWfe ;V[fadWe% 8SdUWâ`S% *21)'

/*

W^^S "*.#' ;^ eS^fa cgW bWd_[fW eS^hSd WeS V[efSÙ[S esâ We bae[T^WS bSdf[d VW bdmUf[USe UaÙdWfSe WÙS_[`SVSe S W^â% ÇbdmUf[USeba^qf[USeÉ W` g` eW`f[Va S_b^[a cgW à eW U[dUgèUd[TW S âbSdf[VSd[a3 bdmUf[USe WefdgUfgdSVSe S fdShoe VW S^Yg`S [èfSÙ[S ~eWS bSdf[VSd[S% eaU[S^% YdW_[S^ g afdS~ cgW UgW`fW Ua` ^SUSbSU[VSV% ^S ha^g`fSV k âe eSTWdWe Sbdab[SVae bSdS ^S Uaè&fdgUU[s` VW g`S [VW`f[VSV VW dWe[efWÙ[S'

;` eWYg`Va ^gYSd% à eW bgWVW dWVgU[d W^ baVWd% a W^WecgW_S àd_S&V[XWdWÙ[S cgW XgÙ[a`S Ua_a eg Ua^g_`ShWdfWTdS^% B VOB TPMB WeXWdS a m_T[fa SUafSVa cgW â _aàba^[lS%Ua_a bad W\W_bâ% W^ WefSVa% W^ e[efW_S ba^qf[Ua% W^ _WdUSVa a ^SU^SeW baeWWVadS VW âe _WV[ae VW bdaVgUU[s`' 7`fWe T[W`% eW VWTWSUWbfSd cgW "S# W^ baVWd à We g`S ÇegefSÙ[SÉ UadbsdWS kZa_aYo`WS VWbae[fSVS W` g` bg`fa bdWU[ea% e[à cgW Wefm bdWeW`fWW` faVa WebSU[a eaU[S^ k W` Xad_Se V[hWdeSe "W^ baVWd ba^qf[Ua àeW W\WdUW VW^ _[e_a _aVa cgW W^ baVWd eWjgS^#% k cgW% bad W`VW%"T# à eW â bgWVW `[ Çfa_SdÉ `[ ÇSTa^[dÉ VW g`S ea^S b^g_SVS aVW g`S hWl bad faVSe' ;^â à e[Y`[X[US cgW W^ baVWd à eW bgWVSUaÙW`fdSd W` Sdf[Ug^SU[a`We WefdSfoY[USe VgdST^We k YâTS^We% e[à_me T[W` cgW à eW â bgWVW dWVgU[d S g` eaâ bg`fa a m_T[fae[` UaddWd W^ d[WeYa VW a^h[VSdeW cgW WefW eW W\WdUW [Ù^gea W`^gYSdWe SbSdW`fW_W`fW Ç[_bafW`fWeÉ' 9[fS`Va S <agUSg^f%

ÄBS Ua`V[U[s` VW bae[T[^[VSV VW^ baVWd% W` faVa USea W^bg`fa VW h[efS cgW bWd_[fW ha^hWd [`fW^[Y[T^W eg W\WdU[U[a'''à VWTW eWd TgeUSVa W` ^S Wj[efWÙ[S bd[_WdS VW g` bg`faUW`fdS^% W` g` XaUa u`[Ua VW eaTWdS`qS VW^ UgS^ [ddSV[SdqS`Xad_Se VWd[hSVSe k VWeUW`VW`fWe4 ea` âe bWVWefS^We_sh[^We VW ^Se dW^SU[a`We VW XgWdlSe ^Se cgW e[` UWeSd[`VgUW`% bad eg VWe[YgS^VSV% WefSVae VW baVWd ~bWda

*.' ;efa Wefm VWeSdda^^SVa Ua` _Skad VWfS^^W W` W^ WèSka e/M EFTFP EF MB

MJCFSUBE # Z W` W^ fdSTS\a VW CSdfq` >abW`ZSk`% ÄC[UZW^ <agUSg^f3 baVWd%Ua`V[U[a`S_[W`faÅ% W` .BWJE Z 1PMJBUI# 7ra NL?% Dw .)% :[U[W_TdW *21/%8gWàe 7[dWe% bb' -1&.*'

/+

e[W_bdW âUS^We W [`WefST^We' E_`[bdWeWÙ[S VW^ baVWd3 àbadcgW fW`YS W^ bd[h[^WY[a VW SYdgbSdâ faVa TS\a eg[`hWÙ[T^W g`[VSV% e[à badcgW eW Wefm bdaVgU[W`Va S USVS[èfS`fW% W` faVae âe bg`fae% a _me T[W` W` faVS dW^SU[s`VW g` bg`fa S afdaÅ "*/#'

JWdUWda% Ua_a Uada^Sd[a VW â S`fWd[ad% W^ baVWd k ^SedWe[efWÙ[Se cgW egdYW` S`fW o^ à [_b^[US` `WUWeSd[S_W`fW ^SW^STadSU[s` VW WefdSfWY[Se YâTS^We VW ^gUZS' FgWVW _gk T[W`VSdeW g`S WefdSfWY[S VW ^gUZS MPDBM a SFHJPOBM" bad ^S fdSèXad&_SU[s` VW g` _[UdaWebSU[a k eg Xad_S WebWUqX[US VW^ U[dUg[faàd_S&V[XWdWÙ[S' Ä9SVS ^gUZS eW VWeSdda^^S S^dWVWVad VW gÙW`fda bSdf[Ug^Sd VW^ baVWd "gà VW Weae [``g_WdST^We bWcgWraeXaUae cgW hS` VWeVW g` \WXWU[^â% g` YgSdV[S VW h[h[W`VSebSdf[Ug^SdWe% g` V[dWUfad VW bd[e[a`We% g` \gWl% g` dWebaèST^We[`V[US^% ZSefS g` dWVSUfad \WXW VW g` bWd[sV[Ua#Å "*0#'

K`S _g\Wd cgW VWX[W`VW ^S [YgS^VSV W`fdW âe Yo`Wdae bgWVWà WefSd [`fWdWeSVS W` fdSèXad_Sd W^ _aVa VW bdaVgUU[s` VW ^Sh[VS _SfWd[S^ [_bWdS`fW W` eg eaU[WVSV% a W` ^gUZSd bad ^S[èfSgdSU[s` VW g`S eaU[WVSV eaU[S^[efS' JS_baUa `WUWe[fSZSUWdâ3 e[ eg aT\Wf[ha We ^S ^WY[f[_SU[s` VW âe VWdWUZae VW ^S_g\Wd W` m_T[fae UgkS àd_S^[VSV Wefm UaV[X[USVS W` TSeW ShSâdWe bSfd[SdUS^We% âe aT\Wf[hae VW eg ^gUZS ea` ^S fdSèXad&

*/' 2JTUPSJB EF MB TFYVBMJEBE# b' **,' 8W`WVWffa 9daUW b^S`fWs S^Ya e[_[^Sd W`dW^SU[s` S ^S eaTWdS`qS% W`fW`V[VS Ua_a baVWd VW VWU[e[s` W` u^f[_S [èfSÙ[S'ÄC[W`fdSe eW b[WèW cgW ^S XgWdlS We g`S egefSÙ[S Za_aYo`WS% V[efd[Tg[VS W`hSd[ae YdSVae UgS`f[fSf[hae W`fdW âe Ua_ba`W`fWe VW g` ;efSVa% eWdm ^sY[UaVWX[`[d ^S eaTWdS`qS Ua_a ^S baeWe[s` VW ^S XgWdlS% W [`VSYSd% eWYu` ^S Xad_S VWâe WefSVae% Vs`VW WefS VWbae[fSVS' FWda e[ egef[fg[_ae WeS [`WjSUfS UaÙWbU[s`bad ^S UaddWUfS% cgW egba`W ^S V[hWde[VSV k ^S WebWU[X[USU[s` UgS^[fSf[hS% â ^sY[UaeWdm VWVgU[d cgW W` g` ;efSVa USVS UgS^ We egUWe[hS_W`fW dWk k euTV[fa ''' ;`faVS dW^SU[s`% ^S eaTWdS`qS à bWdfW`WUW S `[`Ygà VW ege Ua_ba`W`fWe fa_SVaeS[e^SVS_W`fW% e[à S ^S dW^SU[s` _[e_SÅ' LWd eg /UJDB QPM_UJDB "*2+1#% ;V[U[a`We?_m`% 8gWàe 7[dWe% *2.+% b' *2.'

*0' ÄBae [`fW^WUfgS^We k W^ baVWd % PQ% DJU%# b' 1-'

/,

_SU[s` VW Weae hSâdWe% â UgS^ à [_b^[US `WUWeSd[S_W`fW ^S_aV[X[USU[s` VW^ Ua`\g`fa VW ^S eaU[WVSV bSdS âYdSdâ' Ia`% W`WefW eW`f[Va% ^gUZSe VW f[ba ÇS`Sdcg[efSÉ% bgWefa cgW à TgeUS`W`XdW`fSd S g` ÇW`W_[Ya bd[Ù[bS^É% e[à _me T[W` S g` W`W_[Ya[`_WV[Sfa VW _S`WdS VW WÙa`fdSd dWebgWefSe S ege bdaT^W_Se _mebdsj[_ae Scgq k SZadS e[` fW`Wd cgW WebWdSd ^S W_SÙ[bSU[s`g`[hWdeS^ bSdS ZSUWdâ "*1#' 7^Ya S`mâYa We Sb^[UST^W W` W^ USeaVW Za_aeWjgS^We cgW VWX[W`VW` eg abU[s` Ua_a V[XWdWÙ[S^WYqf[_S S`fW g`S Çàd_S^[VSVÉ ZWfWdaeWjgS^'

Fad u^f[_a% S^ ZST^Sd VW g` b^gdS^ VW U[dUg[fae àd&_S&V[XWdWÙ[S "VW ^S eWjgS^[VSV% W^ Yo`Wda g afda#% k VW ^S hS^[VWlVW ^gUZSe SUafSVSe bad fdSèXad_Sd _[UdaWebSU[ae W` V[dWUU[s` Sg`S _Skad fa^WdSÙ[S% ^[TWdfSV% [YgS^VSV% \gef[U[S&k VW_aUdSU[S% eW&dqS Wdds`Wa bWèSd cgW W^â _SdUS W^ aUSea VW g`S bWdebWUf[hS _meS_b^[S% YâTS^% _SUdaeaU[S^' ;^ bdaT^W_S à We abfSd bad â _[Udaa â _SUda% e[à _me T[W` _aV[X[USd g`S UaÙWbU[s` dWefd[Uf[hSVW^ baVWd% ^Se ^gUZSe k âe US_T[ae VW _S`WdS fS^ VW bWèSd Xad_SeVW ^gUZS SUafSVS S âe [`fWdWeWe VW âe bSdf[Ug^Sd[e_ae% bWdafS_T[o` GPSNBT EF BSUJDVMBDJbO FOUSF MP MPDBM Z MP HMPCBM$

:Webgoe VW faVa% USVS g`S VW WeSe ^gUZSe eW VWeSdda^^S W`fWddWàe V[ef[`fae3 ^Se g`Se% W` W^ b^Sà VW ^Se [VW`f[VSVWeUa^WUf[hSe% âe _aVae VW ea_Wf[_[W`fa% âe bdaT^W_Se k ^SebdWaUgbSU[a`We bdab[Se VW âe bSdf[Ug^Sd[e_ae "_g\WdWe% Za_a&eWjgS^We% SeS^Sd[SVae% US_bWe[àe% WfU'#4 ^Se afdSe% W` W^ b^Sà VWUa^WUf[h[VSVWe _me YâTS^We cgW STSdUS` g`S V[hWde[VSV VW[VW`f[VSVWe k f[bae VW ea_Wf[_[W`fa% bdaT^W_Se k bdWaUgbSU[a`We'BS V[ef[Ù[s` W`fdW Wefae Vae b^Sàe% VW âe bSdf[Ug^Sd[e_ae k VW^Se YâTS^[VSVWe% bgWVW [^gefdSdeW S fdShoe VW^ PS^ k VW^ aBOE^" ^SeVae _aVS^[VSVWe VW^ OPTPUSPT V[eba`[T^W W` ^S ^W`YgS YgSdS`q"*2#3 W^ PS^" cgW VWe[Y`S W^ OPTPUSPT FYDMVZFNF VW afdae%

*1' C[UZW^ <agUSg^f% ÄJZW IgT\WUf S`V FaiWdÅ% PQ% DJU%# b' +**'

*2' ;efa XgW egYWd[Va bad @aeo 9Sdâe HaVdqYgWl' FSdS g`S Sb^[USU[s` UaÙdWfS%hoSeW 8W`\S_q` 7dV[f[ k @aeo 9Sdâe HaVdqYgWl% Ä:W^ ÇadoÉ US_bWe[à S^ ÇrS`VWÉU[gVSVSàÅ k ÄBae bSdSYgSkae b[VW` _me eaU[WVSVÅ% S_Tae W` Ä9addWa IW_S`S^Å%egb^W_W`fa Ug^fgdS^ VW^ V[Sd[a >MUJNB 2PSB# 7egÙ[s`% * w VW SYaefa k *. VW SYaefaVW *210 dWebWUf[hS_W`fW'

/-

UaddWeba`VWdqS S âe bSdf[Ug^Sd[e_ae "e[`V[US^[efSe W` dW^SU[s` Sâe à e[`V[US^[efSe% \gVqae W` dW^SU[s` S âe à \gVqae% WfU'#%_[W`fdSe cgW W^ aBOEF a OPTPUSPT JODMVZFOUF" VWe[Y`SdqS S ^SeYâTS^[VSVWe fS^We Ua_a ^Se USfWYadqSe U[gVSVSà% bSdSYgSkae%WgdabWae% WfU' JS`fa W` W^ USea VW^ PS^ Ua_a VW^ aBOEF ZSk g`dWUadfW WjU^gkW_W VW afdae4 â cgW hSdqS We W^ `[hW^ VW SYdWYSU[s`%W^ US_ba VW V[hWde[VSV cgW UgTdW gà k afda'

/.

=3 A@D>@67C?;636 5@>@5@C7@9C38;3 67 =3 5@>A=7<;636

;;;

K`S hWde[s` bdW^[_[`Sd VW WefW WèSka XgW bgT^[USVS Ua_a bSdfW VWÄ;jbSè[h[VSV VW â eaU[S^% dWUaV[X[USU[s` VW â ba^qf[UaÅ% W` hSd[aeSgfadWe% 2N\HFOFT EFTDPOPDJEBT$ 5B 6PEFSOJEBE FO MB .ODSVDJKBEB

9PTUNPEFSOB% 8[T^[afWUS VW 9[WÙ[Se IaU[S^We VW 9B79IE% 8gWàe7[dWe% *211'

/0

;^ fod_[à QPTNPEFSOJEBE SbSdWUW Ua` XdWUgWÙ[S W` W^bWèS_[W`fa Ua`fW_badm`Wa% eWS W` W^ US_ba VW ^S X[âeaXqS% ^SWefof[US% ^S ba^qf[US% ^S fWadqS eaU[S^ a ^S bdaVgUU[s` Ug^fgdS^ W`YW`WdS^' FWda% S bWeSd VW eWd g` fod_[à VW gea Uadd[W`fW% Wj[efW`fS`fSe VWX[`[U[a`We k eW ^W Se[Y`S fS^ V[hWde[VSV VW e[Y`[X[USVaeV[ebSdWe cgW egdYW`% [`Wh[fST^W_W`fW% Ua`Xge[a`We k WcgqhaUaeSUWdUS VW eg SÛSÙW UaÙWbfgS^'

7^Ygàe eaef[W`W` cgW W^ fW_S VW ^S bae_aVWd`[VSVUaddWeba`VW S g`S WfSbS a% UgS`Va _Wàe% S g`S dWS^[VSV bdab[SVW eaU[WVSVWe S^fS_W`fW VWeSdda^^SVSe' Fad W^â% Uaè[VWdS`WjfW_badm`Wa bWèSd eg bWdf[`WÙ[S W` g`S bWd[XWd[S baTdW kSfdSeSVS Ugkae bSqeWe S VgdSe bW`Se âYdS` UaÙdWfSd ^S _aVWd&`[VSV' I[` W_TSdYa% à We fS` Wh[VW`fW cgW W^ fW_S VW ^Sbae_aVWd`[VSV aTWVWlUS S g`S ^sY[US WfSb[efS VW ^S Z[efad[S a Sg`S UaÙWbU[s` WebSU[S^_W`fW SUafSVS VW âe XW`s_Wàe' 7`fWeT[W`% â cgW WefSdqS W` \gWYa W` â cgW baVdqS VWà_[`SdeW ^STFOTJCJMJEBE QPTNPEFSOB We W^ egdY[_[W`fa VW _aVae VW bWèSd%VW hWd k VW SUfgSd VW USdS S ^S Ua_b^W\[VSV VW â eaU[S^'

BSe U[Ùa bdabae[U[a`We cgW eW W`gÙ[S` S Ua`f[`gSU[s` àSYafS` W^ eW`f[Va VW^ fod_[à% bWda bWd_[fW` TaecgW\Sd ~VW_S`WdS egU[`fS~ âe Ua`fadàe VW g`S bWdebWUf[hS VWfWd_[`SVSVW â cgW eW W`f[W`VW bad ^S TFOTJCJMJEBE QPTNPEFSOB$

(% >WMNYVRMJM _ XWZUWMNYVRMJM

;` bd[_Wd ^gYSd% ^S Ua`V[U[s` bae_aVWd`S f[W`W XgWdfWeUa`àfSU[a`We VW FTDFQUJDJTNP$ Da We USegS^% bad W\W_bâ% cgW eWZSkS SUdWUW`fSVa ^S [`X^gWÙ[S VW bWèSVadWe cgW :WeUa_TWe "*#VWà_[`S NBFTUSPT EF MB TPTQFDIB ~CSdj% D[WfleUZW k <dWgV%

*' L[ÙW`f :WeUa_TWe% 7PEFSO 0SFODI :IJMPTPQIZ# 9S_Td[VYW K`[hWde[fkFdWee% ;`Y^S`V% *21)'

/2

Ua_b^W_W`fSVae Zak bad <agUSg^f% :W^WglW% BkafSdV% <WkWdS&TW`V% BSUS`% LS^^[_a k afdae'

JaVae W^âe UgWef[a`S`% VW g`S g afda _S`WdS% àU[a`WeU^ShWe VW^ bdakWUfa VW ^S _aVWd`[VSV cgW eW XgW Sdf[Ug^S`Va SbSdf[d VW^ dSU[a`S^[e_a egdY[Va Ua` ^S ?^gefdSU[s` WgdabWS' IWUgWef[a`S ^S UdWWÙ[S W` ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW W^[_[`Sd ^S abSU[VSV VW^_g`Va _WV[S`fW g`S dSls` UaYàeUW`fW cgW Ua` W^ f[W_ba faVaâ fad`SdqS fdSèbSdW`fW4 ^S [VWS% XgWdfW_W`fW SddS[YSVS% VW cgWfaVa XW`s_Wà V[eUdWfa Xad_S bSdfW VW g`S fafS^[VSV% YW`WdS^&_W`fW a_`[Ua_bdWè[hS k USe[ e[W_bdW VafSVS VW g` UW`[da cgWXg`VS faVS V[hWde[VSV W [_bd[_W eg [VW`f[VSV S^ Ua`\g`fa4 ^SUdWWÙ[S W` ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW VWeSdda^^Sd g`S ZWddS_[W`fS egbWd[adVW^ eSTWd% g`S MMBWF NBFTUSB USbSl VW SUUWVWd S ^S fafS^[VSV bad^S hqS VW ^S U[WÙ[S k VW eSTWdWe WÙ[UâboV[Uae4 ^S Ua`X[S`lS W`g`S UaÙWbU[s` ^[`WS^% SeUW`VW`fW W [^[_[fSVS VW^ QSPHSFTP W` gèW`f[Va foU`[Ua k _SfWd[S^% UaÙWbU[s` cgW bSdS W^ bae[f[h[e_a VWê[Yâ N?N VWh[W`W g`S egWdfW VW SUfa VW XW W` W^ _[^W`[aU[W`f[X[U[e^S' BS [VWS VW bdaYdWea Ua_a OPWVN% eWrS^S LSff[_a%kSUW W` W^ Xa`Va VW faVS _W`fS^[VSV _aVWd`S3 eW h[Ùg^S Ua` WÛaÙWbfa ea^[VSd[a VW TVQFSBDJbO k eW _S`[X[WefS W` W^ bd[h[^WY[aafadYSVa bad W^ _aVWd`[e_a S^ hS`YgSdV[e_a W` faVSe ege_S`[XWefSU[a`We "+#'

BS bae_aVW_[VSV% W` US_T[a% ba`W VW _S`[X[Wefa gÙ[Wdfa EFTFODBOUP VW ^S Wj[efWÙ[S' FWda à W` W^ eW`f[Va iWTWd[Sà~Wefa We% ^S W^[_[`SU[s` VW hWef[Y[ae VW^ bWèS_[W`fa _mY[UaSUWdUS VW^ _aVa VW XgÙ[a`S_[W`fa VW^ _g`Va~% e[à _me T[W`W` â cgW dWebWUfS S ^S XW W` UWdfWlSe ZWdWVSVSe VW^ [_SY[`Sd[a[^g_[`[efS3 XW W` ^S U[WÙ[S k W` ^S foU`[US% XW W` W^ bdaYdWea_SfWd[S^% XW W` g`S dWha^gU[s` USbSl VW fWd_[`Sd bSdS e[W_bdW Ua`faVS Xad_S VW WjbâfSU[s`% Va_[`SU[s` k abdWe[s`' ;^â à[_b^[US OFHBS ^Se Ua`cg[efSe VW ^S _aVWd`[VSV% eg [_bSUfa_SfWd[S^ W` ^Se Ua`V[U[a`We VW h[VS% eg bSbW^ W` U[Wdfa _aVa

+' =[S``[ LS^^[_a% Ä;^ Xgfgda bSeSVaÅ% 6FUSB 3OUFSOBDJPOBM Dw ,% CSVd[V% afara*21/% bb' -1&.*'

0)

DJWJMJ[BEPS k ^[TWdSVad W` dW^SU[s` S^ aeUgdS`f[e_a% S^ STea^gf[e_ak S^ fWaUW`fd[e_a' 7`fWe T[W`% e[Y`[X[US dWUaàUWd cgW àe ZSfaUSVa h[h[d W` g`S obaUS W` ^S UgS^ W^ UgWef[a`S_[W`fa VWbSdSV[Y_Se fdSV[U[a`S^We VW^ eSTWd% VW ^S eaU[WVSV% ^S ba^qf[US k^Se hqSe VW^ US_T[a Wdae[a`S g`S h[e[s` b^Sfs`[US k USdfWe[S`S VW^_g`Va3 ^S bae_aVW_[VSV S`gÙ[S W^ VWT[^[fS_[W`fa UdWbgeUg^SdVW ^S UaÙWbU[s` VW âe aT\Wfae VW^ _g`Va eaU[S^ Ua_a [UaàeVW ^S ?VWS IgbWd[ad a Ua_a DPTBT DMBSBT Z EJTUJOUBT( We W^ US`faVW^ U[e`W VW ^Se UdWWÙ[Se _aVWd`Se SUWdUS VW^ GVOEBNFOUP ~VW^S hWdVSV% VW^ eWd% VW ^S Wj[efWÙ[S~ W` W^ eW`f[Va VW g` egefdSfaUSbSl VW YSdS`f[lSd ^Se UWdfWlSe ",#' ;` U[Wdfa _aVa ~bSdS geSd^S WjbdWe[s` VW Ag`VWdS~ ^S bae_aVWd`[VSV dW[h[`V[US ^Sbae[T[^[VSV VW ^S MFWFEBE EFM TFS$

Da eWdqS VW^ faVa Wdds`Wa SX[d_Sd cgW Wefae UgWef[a`S&_[W`fae YW`WdS` g`S e[fgSU[s` S^fS_W`fW X^g[VSV% bdab[S VW_a_W`fae VW [`X^Wj[s` W` âe UgS^We eW YWefS g`S USBOTNVUBDJbO

EF MPT WBMPSFT ~^S bae[T[^[VSV VW [èf[fg[d afdae _aVae VW WFS kVW bWèSd W^ W`fadà eaU[S^' I[ eW b[WèS W` W^ US_ba VW ^S ba^qf[US%bad W\W_bâ% CSd[a Jda`f[ Uaè[VWdS cgW W^ VWTSfW SUfgS^ eW VSÄW`fdW V[hWdeSe Z[bsfWe[e VW ^WUfgdS VW ^S dWS^[VSV% k à% bad WÛa`fdSd[a% W`fdW bdabgWefSe k bdaYdS_Se S^fWd`Sf[haeÅ "-# ;` g`_aVa S`mâYa% _gUZae TgeUS` VWeSdda^^Sd eSTWdWe% f[bae VWbdmUf[US% _aVS^[VSVWe VW adYS`[lSU[s` k gfabqSe USbSUWe VWSUab^SdeW S ^Se IJQbUFTJT EF MFDUVSB bSdS [_bgêSd `gWhae

,' =[S``[ LSff[_a% Ä?`fdaVgUU[s`Å% Ä7baâYqS VW^ `[Z[^[e_aÅ k Ä;^ `[Z[^[e_ak â bae_aVW_a W` X[âeaXqS % faVae W^âe W` /M GJO EF MB NPEFSOJEBE% 8JIJMJTNP

Z IFSNFO^VUJDB FO MB DVMUVSB QPTNPEFSOB "*21.#% =UV[eS% 8SdUWâ`S% *21/'BkafSdV fS_T[o` eW dWX[WdW S ^S Wdae[s` VW^ Xg`VS_W`fa% bWda â STadVS VWeVW^S bWdebWUf[hS VW^ eW`f[Va3 ÄÇFae_aVW_aÉ [`V[US e[_b^W_W`fW g` WefSVa VWm`[_a% a _W\ad% VW bWèS_[W`fa' FaVdqS VWU[deW cgW eW fdSfS VW g` US_T[a W`dW^SU[s` Ua` W^ bdaT^W_S VW^ eW`f[Va' I[_b^[X[US`Va _gUZa% â bae_aVW_a We^S UaÙ[WÙ[S VW ^S XS^fS VW hSâd VW _gUZSe SUf[h[VSVWe' Ba cgW f[W`W VW `gWhaWe W^ à eSTWd dWeba`VWd S^ bdaT^W_S VW^ eW`f[VaÅ' LoSeW ÄHWY^Se k bSdSVa\Se %;FWJTUB >OJWFSTJEBE EF 7^YJDP D2 -0% Coj[Ua :' <'% \g`[a *210% b' ,'

-' CSd[a Jda`f[ k afdae% _WeS dWVa`VS eaTdW ÄDgWhSe [VWSe bSdS g`S ba^qf[USVW âe Srae É1) % 6B -JVEBE 0VUVSB Dw '# 8gWàe 7[dWe% aUfgTdW *21/% b' *.'

0*

bdakWUfae VW US_T[a cgW USbfgdW` ^S [_SY[`SU[s` VW ^S YW`fW'FWda% VSVS ^S X^g[VWl VW g` _a_W`fa VW [`X^Wj[s`% à eW bgWVWWj[Y[d cgW âe V[hWdeae NPEPT EF WFS YW`WdSVae bad ^S eWè[T[^[VSVbae_aVWd`S Wefo` WjW`fae VW W^W_W`fae VW Ua`Xge[s` k WeUWb&f[U[e_a'

)% C\X[\YJ " YNZRM\WZ 2 LWUXTNSR`JLRdV%

;` eWYg`Va ^gYSd% ZST^Sd VW bae_aVW_[e_a W` âe US_baeVW^ eSTWd% ^S Ug^fgdS a ^S ba^qf[US à [_b^[US STdSlSd ^S [VWS VWg`S dgbfgdS U^SdS% Ua_b^WfS k VWX[`[f[hS Ua` Xad_Se NPEFSOBT VWêSTWd% ^S Ug^fgdS a ^S ba^qf[US' ;` W^ ^q_[fW% ^S [VWS VW dgbfgdS WeUaÙWT[VS Ua_a g` UadfW dSV[US^ Ua` g` WefSVa VW UaeSe bdWeW`fW%Wefa We% Ua_a ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW ^^WhSd S USTa g`S _gfSU[s` USbSlVW Ua`hWdf[d W^ bdWeW`fW W` ^S UBCVMB SBTB VW^ Ua_[W`la STea^gfa'>S e[Va g` baVWdaea S^[U[W`fW W` W^ bdaUWVWd VW \SUaT[àe%hS`YgSdV[Se WeU^SdWU[VSe% Ya^b[efSe k _WeqSe VW faVa f[ba cgWbdWfW`VW` ZSUWd Ua[Ù[V[d â dWS^ Ua` ege dWebWUf[hSe gfabqSe VWeaU[WVSV bWdXWUfS' JS_T[o` ZS eWVgU[Va S fWsd[Uae W_bWrSVae W`dWXgfSd k W`fWddSd bWèS_[W`fae VW [èb[dSU[s` [VWa^sY[US aUaÙWbU[a`We VW ^S Z[efad[S TSeSVSe W` ^S [VWS VW Ua`f[`g[VSV^[`WS^ VW âe bdaUWeae'

FWda% _me S^^m VW âe WjUWeae% We bdWU[ea dWUaàUWd cgW faVSdgbfgdS% bad _me bdaXg`VS k dSV[US^ cgW eWS% VWTW USdYSd Ua`SFTJEVPT cgW XdWUgW`fW_W`fW eaTdWh[hW` S bWeSd VW âe WeXgWdlaecgW eW VWeb^[WYS` bSdS WddSV[USdâe' 9a_a T[W` SVh[WdfW :Wdd[VSS ScgW^âe cgW VWX[W`VW` ^S àU[s` VW DPSUF FQJTUFNPMbHJDP Ua`WjUWe[ha UWâ dgbfgd[efS% à Wj[efW` ^Se SVQUVSBT EFDJTJWBT" bgWefacgW ÄBae UadfWe eW dW[èUd[TW` e[W_bdW% XSfS^_W`fW% W` g` h[W\afW\[Va cgW ZSk cgW Ua`f[`gSd VWefW\[W`Va [`fWd_[`ST^W_W`fW' ;efS[`fWd_[`ST[^[VSV à We g` SUU[VW`fW a g`S Ua`f[`YWÙ[S4 WeWeWÙ[S^% e[efW_mf[US k fWsd[USÅ ".#'

.' @SUcgWe :Wdd[VS% ÄIW_[aâYqS k YdS_SfaâYqSÅ "*2/1#% W`fdWh[efS Ua` @g^[SAd[efWhS% W` :PTJDJPOFT# ;V[fad[S^ FdW&fWjfae% LS^WÙ[S% *200% b' ,,'

0+

LS^YS g` W\W_bâ' BS ?^gefdSU[s` cg[ea bafWÙ[Sd ^S dSls`k ^S U[WÙ[S W` abae[U[s` S bdmUf[USe k eSTWdWe Uaè[VWdSVae Ua_aJSSBDJPOBMFT" WjfdS&U[W`fqX[Uae% [`XWd[adWe k VWef[`SVae S ^SVWeSbSd[U[s`' ;` *02.% :Wefgff VW JdSUk% gà VW âe _[W_Tdae VW^Wcg[ba VW JEFbMPHPT S USdYa VW^ X^S_S`fW ?èf[fgq VW <dSÙW% UdWksW` g` bdakWUfa USbSl VW ^[TWdSd S ^S _W`fW Zg_S`S VW ^SJHOPSBODJB" MB TVQFSTUJDJbO" MPT _EPMPT Z QSFKVJDJPT Ua`fdSd[ae S ^SdSls`% USbSl VW bdaVgU[d UaàU[_[W`fae hWdVSVWdae bSdS WddSV[USdW^ aeUgdS`f[e_a k STea^gf[e_a egefW`fSVae bad ^S dW^[Y[s` "/#'FWda% ^W\ae VW âYdSd eg aT\Wf[ha% :Wefgff% âe JEFbMPHPT dWbg&T^[USàe k% W` YW`WdS^% âe bdabgêadWe VW^ bdakWUfa VW ^S?^gefdSU[s`% fgh[Wda` cgW Ua`Xad_SdeW Ua` ^S Ua`cg[efS VW g`S_b^[a WebSU[a bSdS ^S U[WÙ[S k ^S dSls` W` UaZST[fSU[s`bWd_S`W`fW Ua` âe NVOEPT VW ^S dW^[Y[s`% ^S egbWdef[U[s`% ^SSefdaâYqS k ^Se bdmUf[USe WUa`s_[USe à eg\WfSe S^ UmÛgâ dSU[a`S^gf[^[fSd[a VW Uaefa&TW`WX[U[a'

HgbfgdSe k dWe[Vgae eW VWeb^[WYS`% bgWe% W` W^ W\W VW ^See[_g^fS`W[VSVWe% Ua`Xad_S`Va g`S dWS^[VSV Ugka eW`f[Va YW`WdSêW e[`fWf[lS W` ^S [VWS VW V[hWde[X[USU[s` k V[XWdWÙ[SU[s` UdWU[W`fWVW [VW`f[VSVWe% dW^SU[a`We% XW`s_Wàe k GPSNBT EF WJEB$ BSUa_T[`SU[s` VW ^S V[hWde[X[USU[s` k V[XWdWÙ[SU[s` S`gÙ[S W^Zad[la`fW VW ^S DPNQMFKJEBE$

;efa We% ^S bafWÙ[S WjbSè[hS VW Xad_Se cgW VWh[W`W`Va_[`S`fWe bgWVW bWd_[f[d cgW oefSe eW SX[d_W` Ua_a XgWdlSeadVW`SVadSe VW g` WebSU[a VWfWd_[`SVa% bWda We [ÙSbSl VWWddSV[USd bad Ua_b^Wfa âe fdSlae a dW_S`W`fWe VW Xad_Se

/' =WadYW B[UZfU[_% ÄJZW 9aÙUbf aX ?VWaâYkÅ% W` =IF -PSUDFQU PG 3EFPMPHZ

BOE 9UIFS /TTBZT# DWi Oad]% L[`fSYW 8aa]e% *2/0' @WS`&<dSÙa[e BkafSdV eWrS^SS^Ya e[_[^Sd S â VW :Wefgff UgS`Va V[UW cgW ^S XgW`fW VW ^Se YdS`VWe Uadd[W`fWeba^qf[USe VW âe u^f[_ae f[W_bae ~WjUWbfgS`Va W^ `Sl[e_a k W^ dWSUU[a`Sd[e_a~bdah[W`W VW ^S UdWWÙ[S% egdY[VS VW ^S ?^gefdSU[s`% cgW ÄW^ bdaYdWea VW ^Se U[WÙ[Se%VW ^Se SdfWe k VW ^Se ^[TWdfSVWe buT^[USe ^[TWdSdm S faVS ^S Zg_S`[VSV VW ^S[YàdSÙ[S% VW ^S baTdWlS% VW ^S [Ùg^fgdS% VW^ VWebaf[e_aÅ' LWd Ä;ecgW^S bSdSg` `gWha VWUadSVaÅ k Ä=âeS eaTdW ^S dWe[efWÙ[SÅ% S_Tae W` 6B QPTNPEFSOJEBE

!FYQMJDBEB B MPT OJ`PT" "*21/#% =WV[eS% 8SdUWâ`S% *210% bb' 20&**+'

0,

bdWfod[fSe' ;e bad W^â cgW ^Se gfabqSe SUWdUS VW g`S e[_b^[X[USU[s`k Za_aYW`W[lSU[s` fW`VWÙ[S^ VW ^S h[VS eaU[S^ ~cgW \gYSda` g`bSbW^ Xg`VS_W`fS^ W` W^ [_SY[`Sd[a VW _gUZae bWèSVadWeVWU[_a`s`[Uae W [_bgêSda` S YdS`VWe _SeSe S ^S SUU[s`~ eW ZSÙa`hWdf[Va% Zak% W` cg[_WdSe aTef[`SVS_W`fW eaefW`[VSe esâ badScgW^âe cgW ea` [ÙSbSUWe VW BHHJPSOBS ege h[e[a`We VW USdS S^Se bdaXg`VSe _gfSU[a`We VW^ W`fdS_SVa eaU[S^'

;` X[`% ^S eWè[T[^[VSV bae_aVWd`S VWeUa`XqS VW ^Se Xad_Se[_bWd[S^We cgW TgeUS` SX[d_Sd k bdakWUfSd eg Wj[efWÙ[S W` TSeWS g`S egWdfW VW hWde[s` ^S[US VW ^S QSPCMFN\UJDB EF MBT JOWFTUJEVSBT

~eWS W` W^ US_ba VW^ eSTWd% VW ^S Ug^fgdS a VW â ba^qf[Ua' OVWeUa`XqS VW W^^Se badcgW dWUaàUW ^S Ua_b^W\[VSV VW^ _g`Va "0#'Fad W^â abfS bad [VW`f[X[USd bdaT^W_Se% W^STadSd Udqf[USe VW âWj[efW`fW ~â `gWha `SUW W` abae[U[s` S â kS Wj[efW`fW% V[UW8SUZU^SdV~ W [Ù[fSd S ^S YWefSU[s` VW eSTWdWe SUafSVae k _aVae áVW hWd cgW à egba`W` g`S W^[_[`SU[s` VW afdae eSTWdWe k _aVaeVW hWd' BSe bSdW\Se Xad_SVSe W` TSeW S ^S g`[s` ^[TdW% bad W\W_bâ%Uaèf[fgkW` g` _aVa VW dW^SU[a`S_[W`fa cgW Ud[f[US k dWUZSlSbSdS eq g` _aVa cgW bSeS bad W^ S^fSd k W^ dWY[efda U[h[^4 bWda cgWà bdWfW`VW âYdSd g` eWradqa STea^gfa k WjU^gkW_W W` W^ US_baVW ^S bSdW\S' >Sk% bgWe% g` VWeYSefW W` W^ bWea k ^S WXWUf[h[VSVVW UaÙWbfae _aVWdàe fS^We Ua_a QSPHSFTP "^[`WS^ k SeUW`VW`fW#a TVQFSBDJbO "STeadU[s` VW â h[W\a W` â `gWha#'

*% 7^LNV[YRLRMJM MNT XWMNY%

K`S fWdUWdS USdSUfWdqef[US VW^ bdakWUfa bae_aVWdà We WÛgWef[a`S_[W`fa VW _aVWâe dW^Sf[hS_W`fW e[_b^[efSe SUWdUS VW^baVWd' =dS` bSdfW VW^ bWèS_[W`fa ba^qf[Ua ZS WefSVa VWe^g_TdSVabad W^ bdaUWea VW Xad_SU[s` k Uaèa^[VSU[s` VW WefSVae `SU[a`S^Wek SV_[`[efdSU[a`We buT^[USe S^fS_W`fW UW`fdS^[lSVSe k UW`fdS^[&lS`fWe W` ;gdabS W`fdW âe e[Yâe NL?? k N?N' ;` U[Wdfa _aVa

0' BkafSdV% PQ% DMU%

0-

~e[` VWeUaàUWd ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW WefSVae fafS^[fSd[ae% a_`qhadaek Sgfad[fSd[ae~% eW f[W`VW S UgWef[a`Sd Ugm` WXWUf[ha We dWS^_W`fWg` _aVWâ WefSfS^ VW^ baVWd k ^S ba^qf[US bSdS Va_[`SdWjZSgef[hS_W`fW g` WebSU[a S ^S _S`WdS VW^ baVWd QBObQUJDP

TW`fZS_[Sà VWeUd[fa bad <agUSg^f';` WefW eW`f[Va% eWdqS [^WYqf[_a bWèSd cgW g` _aVWâ VW

Va_[`SU[s` WXWUf[hS_W`fW bgWVW ^^WYSd S eWd a_`[Ua_bdWè[ha ka_`[bdWeW`fW' 9a_a eWrS^S JagdS[`W3

ÄI[ eW ZST^S VW eaU[WVSV Ud[ef[S`S% eWdqS STegdVa bWèSd cgWfaVS Ua`VgUfS k faVS UdWWÙ[S bdahW`VdqS VW g` faVaVWà_[`SVa Ud[ef[S`[e_a4 UgS`Va eW WhaUS W^ baVWdSTea^gfa VW^ XSdSs` à eW bgWVW bSeSd bad S^fa ^S WeUSeS[`X^gWÙ[S W\WdU[VS bad W^ baVWd UW`fdS^ eaTdW ^S h[VS VW ^SeâUS^[VSVWe bWd[Xod[USe% `[ fS_baUa ^S [_badfSÙ[S VW ^SeWefdgUfgdSe VW bSdW`fWeUa% VW ^Se fdSV[U[a`We SYdSd[Se a VWâe d[fae W` WeS eaU[WVSV "'''# JW`W_ae g`S USbSU[VSV fS`YdS`VW VW SUfgSd eaTdW àeafdae _[e_ae cgW fWd_[`S_aeUdWkW`Va cgW g`S ha^g`fSV STea^gfS bgWVW fdSèXad_SdSTea^gfS_W`fW S ^S eaU[WVSVÅ "1#'

LS^W VWU[d% ÄW^ adVW` Va_[`S`fW \S_me dW[`S STea^gfS&_W`fW' BS [VWaâYqS Va_[`S`fW `gÙS bW`WfdS ^S fafS^[VSV VW ^Sh[VS Uaf[V[S`SÅ "2#' ;` faVS eaU[WVSV k TS\a UgS^cg[Wd Xad_S VWVa_[`SU[s` Wj[efW` CPMTPOFT a [`fWdef[U[ae W` âe UgS^We ^SVa_[`SU[s` à bgWVW bW`WfdSd a% UgS`Va _Wàe% W` âe UgS^We egWXWUf[h[VSV We S_adf[YgSVS bad ^S bdWeWÙ[S k bWde[efWÙ[S VWdW^SU[a`We k GPSNBT EF TFS S^fWd`Sf[hSe cgW dWe[efW` WeS bW`W&fdSU[s` a cgW eW egefdSW` VW W^^S' ;e ^S V[ef[Ù[s` cgW ZSUW :W^WglWW`fdW W^ DFOUSP DPEJGJDBEP VW^ VoebafS% Ua` ege WeUd[TSe k UWèadWebad g` ^SVa% k% bad W^ afda% ^S QFSJGFSJB VCJDVB VW âe `s_SVSe

1' 7^S[` JagdS[`W% ÄBÉ?^^gea[dW g`[fo VW ^ÉadVdW eaU[S^Å "*20-#% W` 6B TPDJÛ^

JOWJTJCMF# ;V[f[aè Vg IWg[^% FSd[e% *200% b' +.'

2' 3CJE%# b' +/'

0.

cgW eW VWeb^SlS` Ua` ege N\RVJOBT EF HVFSSB bSdS dWe[ef[d eWdUaV[X[USVae bad W^ VoebafS "*)#'

;efae CPMTPOFT à eW UaÙ[TW` esâ W` fod_[àe VWUa_g`[VSVWe YWaYdmX[US_W`fW S[e^SVSe% e[à fS_T[o` ~k Xg`&VS_W`fS^_W`fW~ Ua_a NJDSPDMJNBT k NJDSPQPEFSFT _me a_Wàe gT[Ugae cgW bgWVW` Ua`hWdf[deW W` \SFBT EF SFTJTUFODJB FO

FM JOUFSJPS _[e_a VW g` e[efW_S VW Va_[`SU[s`' |FaVdqS_ae SUSeabWèSd ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW g`S dWe[efWÙ[S e[ ^S [VWaâYqS Va_[`S`fWbW`WfdSeW ^S fafS^[VSV W` W^ eW`f[Va GVFSUF VW ^S WjbdWe[s`% We VWU[d%e[ WefS STdSlSeW faVS _S`[XWefSU[s` VW ^S h[VS Uaf[V[S`S6FSdSXdSeWS`Va S <agUSg^f "**#% |baVdqS e[cg[WdS bWèSdeW W` ^Sbae[T[^[VSV VW g` cg[WTdW% VW g` WeUSbW% VW g` bg`fa VW XgYS% VWg`S ^gUZS a VW g`S dWe[efWÙ[S e[ ^S Va_[`SU[s` dWS^_W`fWUaèf[fgkWeW g` XW`s_Wà fafS^6

+% 6RONYNVLRJ# RMNV[RMJM# J\[WVWUcJ%

BS fWe[e VW âe NJDSPQPEFSFT a NJDSPG_TJDB VW <agUSg^f% VW^S bdWeWÙ[S USb[^Sd VW^ baVWd W` âe b^[WYgWe W [`fWdef[U[ae VW^fW\[Va eaU[S^ bad g` ^SVa% k ^S Ua`Xad_SU[s` VW m_T[fae FTQFDJBMFT"

VW _[UdaUW`fdae a _[UdaU^[_Se V[XWdWÙ[SVae VW dW^SU[a`We VWbaVWd bad afda ^SVa [`fdaVgUW` g` UgSdfa W^W_W`fa VW ^Sbae_aVWd`[VSV3 ^S dW[h[`V[USU[s` VW^ EFSFDIP B TFS EJGFSFOUF k ^SfWdUS VWfWd_[`SU[s` VW [èf[fg[d GPSNBT EF WJEB S^fWd`Sf[hSe'

7UfgS^_W`fW% eW UdWW W` ^S hS^[VWl VW g`S egWdfW VWNFSDBEP MJCSF bSdS [`V[h[VgS^[efSe% V[e[VW`fWe% f[bae [`VWbW`&V[W`fWe% S`Sdcg[efSe% baWfSe% Sdf[efSe k ShW`fgdWdae VW faVa f[ba%V[UW J[_a^Zk BWSdk% cg[W` XgWdS gà VW âe Ygdu VW^ _ah[_[W`faUa`[dSUg^fgdS^ VW âe Srae É/) "*+#' Ba cgW W` ^S Wefof[US bWdea`S^

*)' =[^qWe :W^WglW% ÄDa_SV JZagYZfÅ "*200#% <FNJPUFYU !F"# La^' ???% Dw *% DWiOad]% *201% b' +)'

**' C[UZW^ XagUSg^f% ÄJZW IgT\WUf S`V FaiWdÅ% W` >gTWdf :dWkXge k FSg^HST[ài% 7JDIFM 0PVDBVMU) ,FZPOE <USVDUVSBMJTN BOE 2FSNFOFVUJDT# >SdhWefWdFdWee% 8d[YZfa`% ;`Y^S`V% *21+'

*+' LoSeW J[_afZk BWSdk% Ä9kTWdbg`]eÅ% <QJO# 7bd[^ *210% bb' 2+&2,'

0/

SbSdWUW Ua_a SX[d_SU[s` VW g`S e[`Yg^Sd[VSV [ddWVgUf[T^W ~bW[`SVae% UaâdWe% Ua_T[`SU[a`We _g^f[Xad_We VW hWef[_W`fSe~à bgWVW Ua`Xg`V[deW Ua` g` dWb^[WYgW ZSU[S â bd[hSVa `[ Ua`g` SFWJWBM VW^ [`V[h[VgS^[e_a ^[TWdS^% VW^ [`V[h[VgS^[e_a baeWe[hafS` ûU[VS_W`fW VWeUd[fa bad 9' 8' CSUbZWdea`' Fad W^ Ua`fdSd[a%^S JONFEJBUF[ cgW ^S Wefof[US VW^ h[VWaU^[b àe bdWeW`fS S^ bd[_WdYa^bW VW h[efS Wefm ^[YSVS S ^S NFEJBUF[ VW g`S VaT^W fW_mf[US3^S VW ^S Uaèf[fgU[s` k dWUaèf[fgU[s` VW JEFOUJEBEFT eaU[S^We k VW^S Ua`cg[efS W [_b^S`fSU[s` VW BVUPOPN_BT a GPSNBT EF WJEB

V[hWdeSe W` g`S UaZST[fSU[s` ~S^Yg`Se hWUWe S^WYdW k SbSU[T^W%afdSe hWUWe Ua`X^[Uf[hS k SYdWe[hS~ VW`fda VW g` _[e_a WebSU[aeaU[WfS^ "*,#'

BS QPMJUJ[BDJbO VW ^S eWjgS^[VSV% VW âe bdaT^W_SeS_T[W`fS^We% VW âe VWdWUZae Zg_Sàe a VW ^S Uaf[V[S`W[VSVgdTS`S% faVS WefS S_b^[S YS_S dWhW^S g`S SUf[hSU[s` VW b^[WYgWeafdadS OFVUSBMFT VW^ fW\[Va eaU[S^' ;efa We3 â cgW eW UaàUW Ua_a^S bdaT^W_mf[US VW âe `gWhae eg\Wfae(_ah[_[W`fae eaU[S^We eWW`_SdUS W` WefS VaT^W fW_mf[US VW [VW`f[VSVWe k Sgfaà_qSe cgWcg[WdW` SX[d_SdeW% cgW TgeUS` eWd dWUaàU[VSe k cgW Wefm` _mea _Wàe VWU[V[VSe S Uaâ`[lSd WebSU[ae VW ^S _SfWd[S eaU[S^ bSdSS`[VSd Ua` ege GPSNBT EF WJEB W` W^ fWdd[fad[a eaU[S^'

,% =J XW[NVLRJ N^XJVZR]J MN TW ZWLRJT%

;efae _u^f[b^We k V[hWdeae GPDPT EF BDUJWJEBE ~_meà_mV[Uae k bdWUSd[ae W` S^Ygàe USeae% _me SeW`fSVae k bg\S`fWeW` afdae~ fdSW` SbSdW\SVae g` WXWUfa Ua^SfWdS^ cgW Uaèf[fgkW g`cg[`fa Ua_ba`W`fW VW ^S bae_aVW_[VSV' IW fdSfS VW ^S FYQBO#

TJWJEBE EFM UFSSJUPSJP TPDJFUBM" UgkS Ua_b^W\[lSU[s` à esâ S_b^qSW^ WebWUfda VW fW_Se% ^gYSdWe% SYdgbSU[a`We k bWdebWUf[hSe W`\gWYa% e[à cgW fS_T[o` _aV[X[US ^Se V[ef[Ù[a`We U^me[USe W`fdWâ buT^[Ua k â bd[hSVa W [Ù[VW eaTdW ^Se _aVS^[VSVWe VW UmÛgâ

*,' >W VWeSdda^^SVa WefW bg`fa W` W^ WèSka e>OB HSBN\UJDB QPTNPEFSOB QBSB

QFOTBS MP TPDJBM # [Ù^g[Va W` WefW ^[Tda'

00

ba^qf[Ua VW WJFKPT SUfadWe ~bSdf[Vae k e[`V[USfae';^â Uaèf[fgkW g` Ua`fdSbg`fa [_badfS`fW S ^Se fdSèXad&

_SU[a`We VW^ WefSVa k ^S eaU[WVSV W` ;gdabS VgdS`fW W^ bWd[aVaVW W`fdWYgWddSe "*2*1 & *2-.#' ;` WeW ^Sbea "*-#% W^ ^S[eeWl&XS[dWVW^ _WdUSVa eW _aV[X[US% fS`fa bad ^S SbSd[U[s` VW g` USb[fS^[e_ak g` e[`V[US^[e_a adYS`[lSVae Ua_a bad ^S UdWU[W`fW [`fWdhWÙ[s`VW^ WefSVa W` ^S WUaà_qS k W` ^S h[VS eaU[WfS^' ;e W^ `SU[_[W`faVW^ FTUBEP EF CJFOFTUBS$ JS_T[o` eW VS g`S WjbSè[s` VW ^SU[gVSVS`qS k ^S Xad_S^[lSU[s` VW âe _aVWdàe FTUBEPT EF

QBSUJEPT" â UgS^ bWd_[f[s cgW ^S ba^qf[US eW VW_aUdSf[lSeW S^ha^hWdeW g` Seg`fa VW _SeSe "*.#' FWda% Wefae US_T[ae fdS\Wda`Vae UaèWUgWÙ[Se [`WebWdSVSe' Fad g`S bSdfW% ^S VW_aUdSf[lSU[s`h[à SUa_bSrSVS VW g`S bSdSVa\S3 Ua` ^S S_b^[SU[s` k TgdaUdS&f[lSU[s` cgW WjbWd[_W`fs W^ WefSVa bSdS dWeba`VWd S ^S UdWU[W`fWUa_b^W\[VSV VW XgÙ[a`We% [_badfS`fWe mdWSe VW VWU[e[s` eWegefdS\Wda` VW^ Ua`fda^ U[gVSVSà' O bad afdS bSdfW% Ua` W^ FTUBEP

EF CJFOFTUBS" Ua_[W`lS` S fa_SdeW USVS hWl _me V[XgeSe ^SeXda`fWdSe W`fdW WefSVa k adYS`[lSU[a`We eaU[S^We% k W`fdW da^Weba^qf[Uae k da^We WUa`s_[Uae k eaU[S^We "*/#'

Fad â _Wàe ZSefS ^S VoUSVS VW âe Srae É0) ~UgS`VaegdYW W^ bWèS_[W`fa `WaUaèWdhSVad k Ua_[W`lS S eW`f[deW W^^WYSVa S`f[Sgfad[fSd[a VW^ É/1~% ^S fW`VWÙ[S YW`WdS^ XgW[`fWdbdWfSd WefSe fdSèXad_SU[a`We W` fod_[àe VW g`S BNQMJBDJbO

EFM \NCJUP FTUBUBM a% UgS`Va _Wàe% VW g`S FTUBUJ[BDJbO CFOJHOB

EF MB TPDJFEBE W` SdSe VW eg bdab[a T[W`WefSd' >ak% bad WÛa`fdSd[a% ^S SUf[hSU[s` VW WebSU[ae eaU[WfS^We bad aTdS VW eq

*-' BSe dWXWdWÙ[Se S WefW VWTSfW Wefm` TSeSVSe W` âe fdSTS\ae VW =[SUa_aCSddS_Sa% ÄI[efW_S ba^qf[Ua% dSU[a`S^[lSU[s`% ÇUWdWTda eaU[S^ÉÅ% W` HaeeS`SHaeeS`VS "Ua_b[^SVadS#% .JTDVUJS FM FTUBEP "*201#% <a^[ae ;V[U[a`We% Coj[Ua%*21*% k VW @gS` 9Sdâe FadfS`f[Wda% Ä;efSVa k Ud[e[e W` W^ VWTSfW VW W`fdWYgWddSe%W` 6PT VTPT EF 1SBNTDJ# <a^[ae ;V[U[a`We% Coj[Ua% *21*'

*.' >Sè AWêW`% Ä<ad_SU[s` VW ^S ha^g`fSV W` ^S VW_aUdSU[SÅ "*2+2#% W` AgdfBW`] k <dS`l DWg_S`` "Ua_b[^SVadWe#% =FPS_B Z TPDJPMPH_B DS_UJDB EF MPT

QBSUJEPT QPM_UJDPT "*2/1#% 7`SYdS_S% 8SdUWâ`S% *21)'

*/' FadfS`f[Wda% PQ% DJU%

01

_[e_ae e[` bSeSd `WUWeSd[S_W`fW bad ^S [èfSÙ[S ba^qf[Ua&WefSfS^hgW^hW S bdaba`Wd W^ fW_S VW ^S Ua`Xge[s` W`fdW Xda`fWdSe k da^We'Isâ cgW WefS hWl eW fdSfS VW g`S Ua`Xge[s` _SdUSVS bad ^S bg\S`lSVW ^S _SfWd[S eaU[S^'

FgWefa VW afda _aVa% e[ ^S TgdaUdSf[lSU[s` egefdSW fW_SeVW^ Zad[la`fW VW^ Ua`fda^ U[gVSVSà% ^S WjbSè[h[VSV VW^ fWdd[fad[aeaU[WfS^ UdWS `gWhae fW_Se k bWdebWUf[hSe cgW% S^ _Wàe W`bd[Ù[b[a% SVcg[WdW` g` U[Wdfa _SdYW` VW [`VWbW`VWÙ[S VW âba^qf[Ua&WefSfS^' ;e W^ eW`f[Va cgW :S`[W^ 9aZ`&8W`V[f "*0# ^W VSS ^Se dWhgW^fSe S`f[&Sgfad[fSd[Se VWeSdda^^SVSe S bSdf[d VW âe SraeÉ/)3 dW[h[`V[USU[a`We VW Sgfaà_qS Ua^WUf[hS W [`V[h[VgS^ "_g&\WdWe% bSU[X[efSe% Za_aeWjgS^We% WUaâY[efSe# cgW% e[` bdaba`Wd[VWaâYqSe YâTS^We VW ^S fdSèXad_SU[s`% [èf[fgkW` US_T[aeJOWJTJCMFT bWda dSV[US^We k bdaXg`Vae W` ^S h[VS eaU[S^'

;^ VWeW`^SUW VW Wefa We V[XqU[^ VW bdWU[eSd Ua` YdS` U^Sd[VSV%bWda S^ _Wàe eW bgWVW UaÙWVWd cgW ^S UgWef[s` eW b^S`fWS W`fod_[àe VW g`S [`fWddaYS`fW3 |We W^ WefSVa W^ cgW S_b^qS SWjbWèSe VW ^S eaU[WVSV% We ^S eaU[WVSV ^S cgW dWUgbWdS g`fWdd[fad[a USbfgdSVa W` W^ bSeSVa bad W^ WefSVa k Ua_[W`lS SHPCFSOBSMP W^^S _[e_S% a We cgW WefS_ae bdWeWÙ[S`Va Zak g`[Ù[b[W`fW [_bgêa VW dWUa_bae[U[s` VW V[ef[Ù[a`We U^me[USe%W`fdW â buT^[Ua k â bd[hSVa% W`fdW â WefSfS^ k â eaU[WfS^6

*0' :S`[W^ 9aZ`&8W`V[f k <W_S`Va IShSfWd% ÄFaô_[US W`fdW 9aZ`&8W`V[f kIShSfWdÅ% 0JO EF <JHMP Dw ,% 8gWàe 7[dWe% eWf[W_TdW *210% bb' ,)&,,'

02

F?3 9C3>3E;53 A@D>@67C?3A3C3 A7?D3C =@ D@5;3=

;G

;efW W`eSka XgW bgT^[USVa W` @POB *CJFSUB Dw -*&-+% CSVd[V% EUfgTdW*21/&7Td[^ *210% W` DadTWdf BWUZ`Wd "9a_b[^SVad# ,VMUVSB 9PM_UJDB Z

-FNPDSBUJ[BDJbO" 9B79IE(<B79IE(?9?% IS`f[SYa VW 9Z[^W% *210% k W`5dB 7PWB" La^' -% Dw ,% ISa FSg^a% @g^Za&IWfW_Tda *211'

1*

ÄDa eW fdSfS e[_b^W_W`fW cgW ^S dWS^[VSV Wefm US_T[S`Va3W^^S Wefm W^gV[W`Va `gWefdae _aVae VW bWdUWbU[s` k`gWefdae [èfdg_W`fae VW [`fWdbdWfSU[s`' Ba cgW eW V[UW Ua`dWebWUfa S âe bSqeWe [`Vgefd[S^[lSVae VW ;gdabS EUU[VW`fS^bdaTST^W_W`fW eW Sb^[US fS_T[o` S 7_od[US BSf[`S3 W^ `WjaW`fdW _ah[_[W`fae eaU[S^We k UaàU[_[W`fa VW â eaU[S^ eWZS dafa' 9gS^cg[Wd fW`fSf[hS VW W`_W`VSdâ VWTW bSdf[d VW^Vaâdaea dWUaàU[_[W`fa VW WefS dgbfgdSÅ'

ÄC[ [_bdWe[s` We cgW W^ W^W_W`fa OVFWP VW âe _ah[&_[W`fae eaU[S^We Uaè[efW bdWU[eS_W`fW W` ^S UdWSU[s` VWbWcgWrae WebSU[ae VW bdmUf[US eaU[S^ W` âe UgS^We W^ baVWdà We Xg`VS_W`fS^''' |eWdm cgW ^S OPWFEBE VW Wefae_ah[_[W`fae Uaè[efW W` cgW f[W`W` Ua_a aT\Wf[ha ^SdWSbdab[SU[s` VW ^S eaU[WVSV bad eq _[e_S6Å'

ÄBS USbSU[VSV [`àhSVadS VW Wefae _ah[_[W`fae bSdWUWTSeSdeW _Wàe W` eg bafWÙ[S^ ba^qf[Ua k _me W` egbafWÙ[S^ bSdS UdWSd k WjbWd[_W`fSd Xad_Se V[XWdW`fWe VWdW^SU[a`We eaU[S^We Uaf[V[S`Se' ;e Wh[VW`fW cgW WefW bdaUWeaWefm aUgdd[W`Va W` âe egTegWâe VW ^Se WefdgUfgdSe VWbaVWdÅ "*#'

9a_a faVS U[fS cgW eW [ÙadbadS bSdS [d WèS_T^S`Va g`SUadWaYdSXqS SdYg_W`fSf[hS% âe fdWe XdSY_W`fae eW^WUU[a`SVaef[W`W` g` USdmUfWd _af[hSVa3 WjZ[TW` âe fdSlae VW g`SJOUFODJPOBMJEBE$ 9a`fd[TgkW` S W`gÙ[Sd âe W^W_W`fae k Ua`&

(% ;V[NVLRWVJTRMJM _ jUWMWZ MN ]NYk%

*' J[^_S` ;hWde% Ä?VW`f[VSVW3 S XSUW aUg^fS Vae àhae _ah[_W`fae eaU[S[eÅ%8PWPT /TMVEPT 9;8H7F% La^ +% Dw -% ISa FSgâ% STd[^ *21-% bb' **% *-% *.'

1,

âdàe bdW^[_[`SdWe VW g`S bWdebWUf[hS S`^[&Sg[ad[^Sd[S cgW bgWVWeWd Seg_[VS W` WebSU[ae bdab[ae VW ^S fdS_S [èf[fgU[a`S^ kUg^fgdS^ VW ^S eaU[WVSV U[h[^' FWd_[fW`% SVW_me% WefST^WUWd g` `WjaUa_g`[USf[ha Ua` ScgW^âe cgW eW [`fWdWeS` W` VWeUgTd[d kbafWÙ[Sd âe W^W_W`fae ^[TWdfSd[ae cgW% S^ bSdWUWd% WefSdqS`YWefm`VaeW W` ^Se bdmUf[USe eaU[S^We Uaf[V[S`Se [_bgêSVSe bad`gWhae _ah[_[W`fae a [`[U[Sf[hSe eaU[S^We'

Bae fdSlae cgW eW VWebdW`VW` VW W^âe fS_T[o` SkgVS` SWeTalSd ^S SYW`VS VW fW_Se bSdS ^S Ua_g`[USU[s` _[e_S' IW fdSfSVW Vae mdWSe fW_mf[USe U^ShWe' K`S VW W^^Se f[W`W cgW hWd Ua` W^VWeSdda^â VW g` ^W`YgS\W cgW bWd_[fS bWdU[T[d k bWèSd g`S eWd[WVW XW`s_Wàe cgW eW VWeSdda^^S` W` âe `[hW^We USb[^SdWe% W` âe[`fWdef[U[ae _Wàe bWdUWbf[T^We VW^ fW\[Va eaU[WfS^% k cgW bWd_[fSdWeUSfSd ^S WebWU[X[U[VSV VW fS^We XW`s_Wàe' BS afdS eW dWX[WdW S^S fSdUS VW [VW`f[X[USd S^Ygàe VW âe W\We UW`fdS^We cgW Ua`Xad_S`W^ ùU^Wa VW bdaT^W_Se Ua` âe UgS^We eW VWTW ^[V[Sd Zak% fS`faW` 7_od[US BSf[`S Ua_a W` ;gdabS% bSdS dWàhSd W^ bWèS_[W`faeaU[S^ k YW`WdSd `gWhSe bdabgWefSe USbSUWe VW dWUa_ba`Wd g`bdakWUfa VW eaU[WVSV TS\a ^S oY[VS VW ^S [`àhSU[s` VW_aUdSf[&lS`fW'

;efSe Vae mdWSe VW bdWaUgbSU[a`We ea` bSdf[Ug^Sd_W`fW[_badfS`fWe% bgWe Wefm` ^[YSVSe S^ UgWef[a`S_[W`fa VW âe _aVaeVW bWdUWbU[s` k VW âe [èfdg_W`fae VW [`fWdbdWfSU[s` fdSV[U[a&`S^We% S^Ya kS dWUgddW`fW W` âe VWTSfWe SUfgS^We SUWdUS VW fWadqSeaU[S^' IW ZST^S Ua` U[WdfS ea^fgdS VW g`S e[fgSU[s` VW Ud[e[e% fS`faVW âe bSdSV[Y_Se UaYàeU[f[hae cgW W`_SdUS` ^S SUf[h[VSV[`fW^WUfgS^ Ua_a VW âe eSTWdWe cgW S`[_S` S^ cgWZSUWdWefdSfoY[Ua VW âe SUfadWe eaU[S^We k ba^qf[Uae' Ba cgW Wefm W` \gWYaW` Wefae VWTSfWe à We WefS a ScgW^^S fWadqS% ^S bWdf[`WÙ[S VW fSâ UgS^ f[ba VW W`gÙ[SVa% ^S ^WY[f[_[VSV VW U[WdfSe _aVS^[VSVWeVW [`fWdbdWfSU[s`% ^S hS^[VWl VW g` Ua`\g`fa VW fWe[e a ^SSVWUgSU[s` VW âe Ud[fWd[ae VW aT\Wf[hSU[s` Wj[efW`fWe S g`SdWS^[VSV cgW dWeg^fS USVS hWl _me W^ge[hS% e[à W^ _[e_a doY[_W`bdaVgUfad VW eSTWd k hWdVSV cgW ZSUW bae[T^W ^S W_WdYWÙ[S VWWefSe fWadqSe% W`gÙ[SVae% [`fWdbdWfSU[a`We% fWe[e k Ud[fWd[ae VW

1-

aT\Wf[hSU[s`' BS ÇUd[e[eÉ VW^ eSTWd k ZSUWd eaU[S^ dWhW^S g`SV[X[Ug^fSV bSdS [`àhSd Ua` W^ WefSVa SUfgS^ VW ^Se UaeSe% k S^_[e_a f[W_ba% [`V[US cgW fS_baUa dWeg^fS bdaVgUf[ha Ua`f[`gSdUa` V[UZa WefSVa3 eW dWcg[WdW g` S\gefW k dWSUa_aVa _me cgWSV[f[ha W` ^Se _aVS^[VSVWe VW bWdUWbU[s` W [`fWdbdWfSU[s`'

;^â Sbg`fSdqS ZSU[S g` VWeb^SlS_[W`fa k g`S dWUa_ba&e[U[s` VW ^S bae[U[s`% hSâd k WX[USU[S Se[Y`SVae S U[WdfaeW^W_W`fae Uaèf[fgf[hae VW^ g`[hWdea àd_Sf[ha VW^ cgWZSUWd[`fW^WUfgS^% a â cgW We [YgS^% Sbg`fS S g`S Ç_gfSU[s` VWbSdSV[Y_SeÉ W` W^ eW`f[Va Se[Y`SVa S WefS WjbdWe[s` bad AgZ`3g`S fdSèXad_SU[s` W` âe _aVae VW hWd% SbdWZW`VWd k ZSUWd W`W^ _g`Va% bdahaUSVS bad ^S dWUa_bae[U[s` V[XWdWÙ[S^ VW^g`[hWdea UaÙWbfgS^ S fdShoe VW^ UgS^ eW b[WèS` âe aT\Wfae%dW^SU[a`We W`fdW aT\Wfae% UaÙWbfae% WfU' "+#' ;efS fdSè[U[s` W` âeÇ_aVae VW hWdÉ b^S`fWS g`S U[WdfS Ua`Xge[s`% bWdU[T[VS k Wjb^[USVSUa` YdS` SYgVWlS bad 7`fa`[` 7dfSgV' ÄI[ W^ e[Yà VW ^S obaUSWe ^S Ua`Xge[s`% V[UW 7dfSgV% hWa W` ^S TSeW VW WefS Ua`Xge[s` g`SdgbfgdS W`fdW ^Se UaeSe k ^Se bS^STdSe% ^Se [VWSe k âe e[Yàe cgWea` eg dWbdWeW`fSU[s`Å ",#' BS dWUgbWdSU[s` VW^ `Wja USbSl VWV[e[bSd S^Ya WefS Ua`Xge[s` Ua`^^WhS g`S VWU[e[s` VW STS`Va`SdS^Yg`Se UWdfWlSe USVgUSe' ;e ZadS VW STS`Va`Sd ^S bdWeWÙ[S eadVSVW^ e[Yâ NL??? W` `gWefda _aVa VW bWèSd% bgWe W^â à We Äg`SbdgWTS VW ^S bWd_S`WÙ[S k VW ^S X[\WlS VW ^S dSls` Zg_S`S% e[à_me T[W` g`S bdgWTS VW ^S ea_à^WÙ[S VW^ eSTWd% g`S bdgWTS VWWefS ShSd[U[S VW^ Za_TdW Ug^fa dg_[S`Va e[` UWeSd ^Se _[e_SeUa`cg[efSe% ^S _[e_S Ug^fgdS k ha^h[o`VaeW% Ua_a faVae âeShSdae% hqUf[_S VW^ ada SUSd[U[SVaÅ "-#'

+' JZa_Se I' AgZ`% 6B FTUSVDUVSB EF MBT SFWPMVDJPOFT DJFOU_GJDBT "*20)% *2/+#%<a`Va VW 9g^fgdS ;Ua`s_[US% Coj[Ua% *20*'

,' 9[fSVa bad DadTWdf BWUZ`Wd W` ÄFSUfa eaU[S^ àe bdaUWeeae VWVW_aUdSf[lSUSa3 S WjbWd[WÙ[S BSf[à~S_Wd[US`SÅ% 8PWPT /TUVEPT 9;8H7F% Dw*,% ISa FSgâ% agfgTda *21.% b' -*'

-' =Sefs` 8SUZU^SdV% 6B GPSNBDJaO EFM FTQ_SJUV DJFOU_GJDP "*2,1#% I[Yâ NN?%Coj[Ua% *21*% b' *)'

1.

|Ggo We â cgW eW STS`Va`S6 |Ggo eW UaâUS W` eg ^gYSd6|9s_a dWUaèfdg[d g` [_SY[`Sd[a Ua^WUf[ha USbSl VW ad[W`fSd ^SSUU[s` ba^qf[US k ^S ^gUZS eaU[S^ W` g`S obaUS _SdUSVS bad ^SUa`Xge[s` dWeg^fS`fW VW ^S Udqf[US VW ^S _aVWd`[VSV% bad ^SUa`Xad_SU[s` VW â cgW eW ZS hW`[Va S ^^S_Sd ^S DPOEJDJbO

QPTUNPEFSOB) ".#' ;` â cgW e[YgW S Ua`f[`gSU[s` eW [`fW`fSSTadVSd fW`fSf[hS_W`fW WefSe UgWef[a`We% bd[_adV[S^_W`fW VWeVW ^SbWdebWUf[hS VW ^Se GPSNBT BMUFSOBUJWBT EF IBDFS TPDJFEBE W`fafS^[VSVWe UdWU[W`fW_W`fW Ua_b^W\Se k eWY_W`fSVSe' IW fdSfS VWbWèSd WefdSfWY[Se k m_T[fae bSdS W^ SUU[a`Sd VW h[W\ae k `gWhaeeg\Wfae% V[ef[`fae bWda Ua_b^W_W`fSd[ae S âe VW^ SUU[a`Sdba^qf[Ua&bSdf[VSd[a' ;efa [_b^[US g`S fSdWS VW Udqf[US k dWUa_&bae[U[s` VW g`S X[YgdS VW TPDJFEBE' eW bdaba`W g`S V[ef[Ù[sÙaÙWbfgS^ W`fdW ^S TPDJFEBE k â TPDJBM$

+' 5YR[RLJ k Y\X[\YJ%

BS ÇdgbfgdSÉ VW^ `Wja W`fdW _ah[_[W`fa eaU[S^ k UaàU[&_[W`fa VW â eaU[S^ _WÙ[a`SVS bad ;hWde S^gVW% Tme[US_W`fW% S^S hS^[VWl VW g` egbgWefa USdSUfWdqef[Ua VW âe _aVae VWbWdUWbU[s` bdWVa_[`S`fWe W` âe e[Yâe NL??? k N?N% S eSTWd% ^SUdWWÙ[S USe[ Sj[a_mf[US W` ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW MFFS â eaU[S^ S fdShoeVW ^Se VW_S`VSe% bdabgWefSe% bdakWUfae a SUU[a`Sd WefdSfoY[Ua VWS^Yu` _ah[_[W`fa eaU[S^' 9d[f[USd W^ hSâd ZWd_Wògf[Ua YâTS^Se[Y`SVa S^ _ah[_[W`fa eaU[S^ We Ud[f[USd S eg hWl âe baefg^SVae%ZWdWVSVae VW^ dSU[a`S^[e_a VW ^S ?^gefdSU[s` k VW^ bae[f[h[e_aWgdabWa% SUWdUS VW ^S `SfgdS^WlS VW ^S fafS^[VSV eaU[S^% VW ege_aVae VW fdSèXad_SU[s` k VW^ eW`f[Va YW`WdS^ cgW Seg_W V[UZabdaUWea'

7u` dWUaàU[W`Va W^ d[WeYa VW g`S e[_b^[X[USU[s` WjUWe[hS%bSdS âe WXWUfae VW WefS SdYg_W`fSU[s` TSefS dWUaàUWd cgW% W`g` eW`f[Va S_b^[a% Weae baefg^SVae VS` bad eW`fSVa cgW3

.' ;efS We g`S S^ge[s` S^ fqfgâ VW g` fdSTS\a VW @WS`~<dSÙa[e BkafSdV% 6B

DPOEJDJaO QPTUNPEFSOB "*202#% ;V[U[a`We 9mfWVdS% CSVd[V% *21-'

1/

[' ;` faVS eaU[WVSV Wj[efW g` ^gYSd% `[hW^ a b^SàXg`VS_W`fS^ cgW dWhW^S ^S [VW`f[VSV VW^ fW\[Va eaU[S^ W` egUa`\g`fa4 k cgW

[[' W^ _ah[_[W`fa eaU[S^ cgW egdYW VW WeW ^gYSd bd[h[^WY[SVabgWVW g`^hWdeS^[lSd ege VW_S`VSe% bdabgWefSe k bdakWUfae%bgWefa cgW Wefae Ua[Ù[V[dqS` Ua` ^Se VW_S`VSe% âe bdakWU&fae% WfU'% VW W_SÙ[bSU[s` VW^ Ua`\g`fa VW ^S eaU[WVSV'

K` dSla`S_[W`fa Ua_a WefW VWTW Seg_[d cgW W^ b^gdS^ VWXW`s_Wàe Uaèf[fgf[hae VW g`S eaU[WVSV Ua`X[YgdS` g`S fafS^[VSVÇXgWdfWÉ k UW`fdSVS3 â V[hWdea% S^Ya bdab[a VW ^S egbWdX[U[W h[e[T^WVW â eaU[S^% SVcg[WdW g`S [VW`f[VSV S bSdf[d VW âe WXWUfae VWeW`B[Va k UaZWe[s` cgW ^W [_bd[_W W^ ^gYSd Xg`VS_W`fS^ VW ^SeaU[WVSV% eg TSeW _adXa^sY[US WeWÙ[S^ ~^^m_WeW WUaà_qS%dW^[Y[ae[VSV% dSlS% of`[S% eWd `SU[a`S^ g afdS' JS_T[o` VWTW Seg_[d%Ua_a UaddW^Sfa VW â S`fWd[ad% cgW ^S _gfSU[s` VW WeS fafS^[VSVeaU[S^ Wefm ^[YSVS S âe bdaUWeae cgW eW VWeSdda^^S` S^ [`fWd[ad VW^ùU^Wa Xg`VS_W`fS^3 â V[hWdea W`fdSdqS W` bdaUWea VW US_T[a Ua`W^ [_bgêa V[`S_[lSVad VW g` _ah[_[W`fa cgW egdYW W` W^ UadSls`_[e_a VW^ ^gYSd bd[h[^WY[SVa% Ua_a g`S egWdfW VW _WfmefSe[e cgWVWebSddS_S ege WXWUfae S â ^SdYa VW^ fW\[Va eaU[S^' 7e[_[e_a% eWSeg_W cgW% ZST[W`Va _u^f[b^We Wjb^[USU[a`We VW^ _g`Va% esâ g`SbgWVW eWd hWdVSVWdS% k cgW Wj[ef[W`Va _u^f[b^We eSTWdWe VW âeaU[S^% faVae VWTW` Wd[Y[deW Ua_a UaèfdgUU[a`We a_`[Ua_bdW`&e[hSe% Sg`cgW esâ gà VW W^âe bgWVW eWd UaddWUfa3 W^ SUUWea S^S fafS^[VSV VW â V[hWdea eW ZSdqS S fdShoe VW g`S ^^ShW _SWefdSVW^ eSTWd' O X[`S^_W`fW% W` ^Se h[e[a`We _me _WUS`[U[efSe VW WefWf[ba VW dSla`S_[W`fa% W^ bdaUWea VW _gfSU[s` VW â V[hWdea eWVWeW`ha^hWdqS eaTdW W^ W\W VW^ QSPHSFTP IVNBOP" `WUWeSd[a kg`[hWdeS^% SUg_g^Sf[ha k ^[`WS^% bdakWUfm`VaeW ZSU[S g`S _WfSX[`S^ Uaè[efW`fW W` ^S [èfSgdSU[s` VW^ _[^W`[a dWVW`fad VW ^SZg_S`[VSV'

;efW f[ba VW dSla`S_[W`fa ZS WefSVa bdWeW`fW% W` _Skad a_Wàd _WV[VS% W` bdakWUfae ba^qf[Uae k fWadqSe eaU[S^We VW âe Vae

10

u^f[_ae e[Yâe' ;^ _Sdj[e_a fS_T[o` WjZ[TW ege ZgW^^Se UgS`VaZST^S VW g` baVWd SÙ^SVa W` ^S WeXWdS WUa`s_[US% WÙSd`SVa W`g`S U^SeW Va_[`S`fW cgW â _aàba^[lS% k b^Se_SVa W`[èf[fgU[a`We% bdmUf[USe W [VWaâYqSe Wd[Y[VSe bad ^S U^SeW Va_[&`S`fW W` ^S eaU[WVSV3 W^ _SfWd[S^[e_a Z[efsd[Ua% eSTWd VW â eaU[S^k ege fdSèXad_SU[a`We% VS UgW`fS VW g`S e[fgSU[s` abdWe[hS% kb^S`fWS g`S hqS g`[hWdeS^ bSdS ^S ^[TWdSU[s` Zg_S`S S fdShoe VW^S [èWdU[s` VW ^Se _SeSe W` W^ _ah[_[W`fa W_SÙ[bSfad[a ^[VWdSVabad W^ bda^WfSd[SVa [`Vgefd[S^' 7^Ygàe X[^seaXae _Sdj[efSe%W_bSbSVae VW g` XWdhad fS` US`Vadaea Ua_a _qef[Ua% S`gÙ[STS`ZSUW à _gUZae Srae Sfdme W^ Sdd[Ta VW^ _[^W`[a eaU[S^[efS VWê[Yg[W`fW _aVa3

Ä;` ^S `gWhS eaU[WVSV kS à ZSTdm` ba^[UqSe% à ZSTdm` _mebd[e[a`We% à ZSTdm` [Y^We[Se% `[ W\odU[fa% `[ bdaef[fgU[s` VW`[`Yu` f[ba% à ZSTdm` _me Udq_W`We''' 9gS`Va gà eSTWcgW hS bad WefW US_[à PVW^ [`XS^[T^W eSTWd _Sd&j[efS&^W`[`[efSQ% cgW We W^ US_[à U[W`fqX[Ua k U[Wdfa% gàe[W`fW cgW Wefm ^gUZS`Va bad ^S _W\ad VW ^Se USgeSeÅ "/#'

K` USea dWU[W`fW% W^ TdWhW k SfWddSVad TPDJBMJTNP US_&TakSà VW^ A_Ud HagYW% eW Ua`h[WdfW W` USd[USfgdS fdmY[US kYdafWeUS VW^ _[^W`[a S`gÙ[SVa bad Wefae X[^seaXae' FWda à eW fdSfSe[_b^W_W`fW VW g`S gfabqS _SâYdSVS bad âe WddadWe a WjUWeaeUa_Wf[Vae W` W^ Ugdea VW eg [_b^W_W`fSU[s` W_bqd[US% bgWefa cgWW^â à bgWVW `[ [`hS^[VSd W^ egefW`fa fWsd[Ua `[ VWeUS^[X[USd ^SgfabqS cgW S`[_S g`S bdabgWefS VW eaU[WVSV' 7`fWe T[W`% eW fdSfSVW g`S gfabqS _SâYdSVS bdWU[eS_W`fW bad W^ kS _WÙ[a`SVacg[WTdW VW^ `Wja W`fdW _ah[_[W`fa eaU[S^ k UaàU[_[W`fa VW âeaU[S^ cgW b^S`fWSdS ;hWde'

/' @WS` 8STk% HW`W CSgT^SÙ% =WadYW Fa^[flWd k >W`d[ MS^â`% -PVST EF

NBSYJTNF# QSFNJFSF BOOFF# fWjfa UeUd[â bSdS _[^[fS`fWe W` âe Srae -)% U[fSVabad <dSÙa[e =WadYW W` ÄJZW BWYW`V aX 9a__g`[e_Å% <PDJBM ;FTFBSDI La^' -2%Dw +% DWi Oad]% Ig__Wd *21+% bb' ,.+&,.,'

11

Fad g`S bSdfW% We [``WYST^W cgW S^^q Va`VW ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VWV[UfSVgdSe ^SdYSe k abdaT[aeSe ZSUW _me bS^bST^W fS`fa W^ VWeba\ak ^S _[eWd[S VW eWUfadWe babg^SdWe Ua_a fS_T[o` ^S USdWÙ[S VW^[TWdfSVWe k ^S Xad_S k W^ ^gYSd VW^ W\WdU[U[a VW g` baVWd SdT[fdSd[a%âe S`ZWâe eaU[a~WUa`s_[Uae k VW_aUdSf[lS`fWe VW âe _a&h[_[W`fae eaU[S^We f[W`VW` S Ua`X[YgdSdeW Ua_a bdakWUfae VWW_SÙ[bSU[s` g`[hWdeS^ Yg[SVae bad g`S of[US VW âe X[`We u^f[_ae';` WefSe e[fgSU[a`We We bae[T^W% Sg`cgW à `WUWeSd[S_W`fWbdaTST^W% cgW ^Se Seb[dSU[a`We VW^ _ah[_[W`fa ^^WYgW` S Ua[Ù[V[dUa` ^Se Seb[dSU[a`We [`_WV[SfSe VW ^Se YdS`VWe _SkadqSe4 eW fdSfSVW e[fgSU[a`We W` ^Se cgW ^S [`_WV[SfWl VW ^Se VW_S`VSe bgWVWXSU[^[fSd ^S YWefSU[s` VW bg`fae VW Ua`hWdYWÙ[S cgW Wef[_g^W` ^SXad_SU[s` VW SUgWdVae k UaZWe[a`We W`fdW V[hWdeae SYW`fWe kSUfadWe eaU[S^We' FWda W` fS^ USea% USTdqS ZST^Sd VW ^S baefWdYSU[s`%à ^S S`g^SU[s` VW âe bg`fae à [`_WV[Sfae W` ^S SYW`VS fW_mf[USVW adYS`[lSU[a`We k SUfadWe W` ^gUZS' BS Ua[Ù[VWÙ[S W`fdW_ah[_[W`fa k UaàU[_[W`fa VW â eaU[S^ W` W^ _WV[Sà b^Sla àeWdqS kS g` baefg^SVa VW USdmUfWd a`fa^tY[Ua VWd[hSVa VW S^Yu`^gYSd bd[h[^WY[SVa VW ^S eaU[WVSV% e[à _me T[W` W^ dWUaàU[_[W`faVW g` fdSTS\a VW Sdf[Ug^SU[s` ba^qf[US'

Fad afdS bSdfW% fS_T[o` eW ZS VW dWUaàUWd cgW WêgdY[_[W`fa VW `gWhae TVKFUPT" `gWhae NPWJNJFOUPT a% UgS`Va_Wàe% `gWhSe GJHVSBT eaU[S^We W` ;gdabS k 7_od[US BSf[`S%VW_gWefdS cgW ^S h[hWÙ[S VW ^S abdWe[s` k VW ^S dWe[efWÙ[S S W^^SSeg_W Xad_Se fS` V[XWdWÙ[SVSe cgW à dWeg^fS XSUf[T^W dW_[f[d^SefaVSe S g`S _[e_S _Sfd[l bSdS W^gU[VSd eg eW`f[Va "0#' ;efS YS_S

0' BS ^[fWdSfgdS dWU[W`fW SUWdUS VW ^S bodV[VS VW UW`fdS^[VSV VW^ _ah[_[W`faeaU[S^% kS eWS aTdWda g afda% We STg`VS`fW' IW bgWVW Uaèg^fSd% W`fdW afdae% S9ZS`fS^ CagXXW% Ä9^SeW aTdWdS% ZWYW_a`qS k eaU[S^[e_aÅ% <PDJBMJTNP Z:BSUJDJQBDJaO Dw *0% B[_S% _Sdla *21+4 HaVd[Ya 7^hSkSk% ÄCSdj[e_a kVW_aUdSU[S3 W`fdWh[efS S ;d`Wefa BSU^Sg k 9ZS`fS^ CagXXWÅ% 9QDJPOFT Dw -%IS`f[SYa% eWf[W_TdW&V[U[W_TdW *21-4 8[SY[a VW =[ahS``[% ÄCSdj[e_a k WefSVaÅ%;FWJTUB +# K`[hWde[VSV 7gfsà_S CWfdaba^[fS`S 7lUSbaflSÛa% La^' +% Coj[Ua:'<'% _Ska&SYaefa *21*4 CSd[a Jda`f[% 33 UFNQP EFMMB QPM_UJDB# ;V[fad[ H[g`[f[%Ha_S% *21)4 <W_S`Va 9S^VWds` k CSd[a H' :ae IS`fae% ÄCah[_[W`fae eaU[S^Wek YWefSU[s` VW Ug^fgdS ba^qf[US' FSgfSe VW g`S [`fWddaYSU[s`Å% W` DadTWdf BWUZ`Wd"Ua_b[^SVad#% -VMUVSB QPM_UJDB Z EFNPDSBUJ[BDJaO# <B79IE(9B79IE(?9?%IS`f[SYa VW 9Z[^W% *210% bb' *12&*2/'

12

àhWVaeS cgW STSdUS VWeVW WUaâY[efSe% bSU[X[efSe k _g\WdWe ZSefSbaT^SVadWe% [`cg[^[àe% WefgV[S`fWe k VWXWèadWe VW âe VWdWUZaeZg_Sàe% hS fdSèXad_S`Va USVS hWl _me `gWefdS YWaYdSXqS ea&U[S^3 VWeb^SlS âe bSdm_Wfdae VW^ UmÛgâ ba^qf[Ua k WefdSfoY[Ua VW^Se XgWdlSe eaU[S^We fdSV[U[a`S^We "bSdf[Vae% e[`V[USfae% bSfda`S^We#%k YW`WdS Ç_[UdaU^[_SeÉ VW dW^SU[a`We cgW hS` _aV[X[US`Va% _g^&f[b^[US`Va k V[XWdWÙ[S`Va ^Se [_mYW`We VW â cgW We g`S TPDJFEBE$

;efa aT^[YS S dWbWèSd ^S [VWS VW TPDJFEBE fdSe_[f[VS badW^ eW`f[Va Ua_u`% S eSTWd% g` WebSU[a bWdU[T[Va Ua_a g`[VSV aUaZWe[s` Ua` g`S Ç[VW`f[VSVÉ U^SdS k g`qhaUS' Ba _[e_a eW bgWVWVWU[d SUWdUS VW^ TFS OBDJPOBM W` W^ UgS^ USVS gà VW^ ÇàeafdaeÉeW hWdqS dWX^W\SVa' ;e V[XqU[^ eWYg[d SXWddm`VaeW S WefSe àU[a`WeVW^ eW`f[Va Ua_u`4 S_TSe Wefm` W` g` XdSÙa bdaUWea VW dWfdaUWea%a _W\ad V[UZa% S_TSe ZS` WefSVa e[W_bdW W` dWf[dSVS% k fS^ hWlesâ SZadS `gWefdS eWè[T[^[VSV ZSU[S â `gWha cgW egdUS W^ WebSU[aeaU[S^% fdSèXad_S`Va `gWefdae dWXWdW`fWe ZST[fgS^We% àe ZSUWUaèU[W`fWe VW W^â'

;` UgS`fa S^ TFS OBDJPOBM" TSefS Ua` bWèSd W` ^Se V[h[e[a&`We VW U^SeW% W` ^S UaWj[efWÙ[S XadlSVS% Ua`X^[Uf[hS W [Ù^gea ÇXg`&U[a`S^É W`fdW ÇXad_Se VW h[VSÉ fS` V[ebSdWe cgW UgWefS UdWWd cgWg` TgdYgoe% g` bda^WfSd[a k g` US_bWe[à bSdSYgSka eWS` ZST[&fS`fWe VW g`S _[e_S eaU[WVSV3 fS`fa W` â cgW dWebWUfS S eg S^[&_W`fSU[s`% h[h[W`VS% eS^gV% WVgUSU[s`% WebWdS`lS VW h[VS k Uaèg&_a Ua_a fS_T[o` W` â cgW SfSrW S eg USbSU[VSV VW YWef[s` eaTdWdWUgdeae eaU[WfS^We k bSdf[U[bSU[s` W` ^Se VWU[e[a`We VW^ baVWd bu&T^[Ua% gea VW^ ^W`YgS\W% Xad_Se VW WebSdU[_[W`fa% àU[s` VW ÇUg^&fgdSÉ a _aVS^We VW _WeS' Cme cgW Ua_bSfd[afSe Uaèf[fgf[hae VWg` OPTPUSPT U^Sda k g`qhaUa% bSdWUW` ZST[fS`fWe VW _g`Vae SbSdfW'

;` â cgW dWebWUfS S ^S [VWS VW TPDJFEBE k âe _aVaeZST[fgS^We VW bWdUWbU[s` VW ^S UPUBMJEBE eaU[S^% eW bgWVW bWèSdg` W\W_bâ VWeVW W^ bg`fa VW h[efS Ug^fgdS^' IW V[UW3 g`S eaU[WVSVeW _gWefdS S eq _[e_S W` ege XWef[hS^We VW _ue[US% ege ^[Tdae kdWh[efSe% WjZ[T[U[a`We VW SdfW% bdaYdS_Se VW dSV[a k fW^Wh[e[s`%fWSfda% U[`W% Ua`XWdWÙ[Se k eW_[`Sd[ae% Xa^]âdW% XWd[Se SdfWeS&`S^We% WfU' IW V[UW3 ^S Ua`X^gWÙ[S VW Wefae WhW`fae a SUf[h[VSVWe

2)

àe Td[`VS` ^S [VW`f[VSV VW WeS eaU[WVSV% S^ _Wàe W` â Ug^fgdS^'FWda eW fdSfS VW g`S bWdUWbU[s` cgW We esâ bSdU[S^_W`fW UaddWUfS'Fd[_Wda% badcgW WefSe WjbdWe[a`We USdWUW` VW Za_aYW`W[VSV k àWe bae[T^W STSdUSd^Se faVSe W` g`S QSPHSBNBDJbO a_`[eU[W`fW cgWYaT[Wd`W eg YWefSU[s`% a W` g`S QMBOJGJDBDJbO cgW dWYg^W egVWeW`ha^h[_[W`fa [`V[h[VgS^' IWYg`Va% badcgW âe eg\Wfae cgWÇZST[fS`É W` g` WebSU[a eaU[S^ eWY_W`fSVa W` ege WjbdWe[a`WeUg^fgdS^We% fS_baUa ea` g`[VSVWe Za_aYo`WSe% [Uaàe VW g` ÇeWd`SU[a`S^É ad[Y[`Sd[a a WeWÙ[S^3 à bgWVW` `[ SUUWVWd% `[VWeW`ha^hWdeW `[ VWeb^SlSdeW W` faVae Wefae eWY_W`fae Ug^fgdS^WeUa` [YgS^ bSe[s` W [`fWdoe% eWS Ua_a SUfadWe% bSdfqU[bWe gaTeWdhSVadWe4 ZSk g`S eWè[T[^[VSV eW^WUf[hS% g`S V[eUd[_[`SU[s`bad bSdfW VW WefW b^gdS^ VW eg\Wfae cgW abfS` bad Çh[h[dÉ W` fS^ aUgS^ eWY_W`fa VW ^S Ug^fgdS Ç`SU[a`S^É% a cgW à f[W`W` _me abU[s`cgW h[h[d aT^[YSVS_W`fW W` fS^ a UgS^ eWY_W`fa' O dWeg^fS Wh[VW`fWcgW WefW b^gdS^ VW eWY_W`fae V[XWdWÙ[SVae à ea` `WUWeSd[S_W`fWUa`_gfST^We% Ua`YdgW`fWe a fdSè[f[hae W`fdW eq' |9gm^ We ^SUPUBMJEBE cgW àe faUs h[h[d k Us_a baVW_ae bWèSd W` g`_ah[_[W`fa eaU[S^ cgW bWd_[f[dqS MFFSMB k fdSèXad_Sd^S VWeVW egsbf[US bSdf[Ug^Sd6

;` U[Wdfa _aVa% â S`fWd[ad dWX^W\S g` bdaUWea VWbda^[XWdSU[s` VW dWXWdW`fWe VW â eaU[S^% g`S XgWdfW fW`VWÙ[S S ^SeWY_W`fSU[s` VW ^S WjbWd[WÙ[S h[h[VS Ua_a UaèWUgWÙ[S VW ^SV[hWde[X[USU[s` k V[XWdWÙ[SU[s` VW^ WebSU[a eaU[S^' ;^â f[W`VW S_[`Sd% bad g` ^SVa% ^S _Se[X[USU[s` VW ^S h[VS Ua`fW_badm`WS% kbad W^ afda% Ua`fd[TgkW S UgWef[a`Sd ^S [VWS VW Za_aYW`W[lSU[s`VW ^Se [VW`f[VSVWe eaU[S^We% S^Ya bdWegbgWefa bad ^Se fWadqSeVWd[hSVSe VW bSdSV[Y_Se VW UadfW dSU[a`S^[efS k WÙ[UâbWV[efS' K`W\W_bâ VW WefS WUâe[s` VW dWXWdW`fWe k bda^[XWdSU[s` VWTFHNFOUPT V[XWdWÙ[SVae VW ^S h[VS% â aXdWUW JaXX^Wd S^ ZST^Sd VW^S Ua_b^W\[lSU[s` VW ^S WeXWdS VW ^S XS_[^[S3

Ä;` ^gYSd VW g`S Xad_S [VWS^ VW ^S XS_[^[S ~bSVdW% _SVdWk Vae Z[\ae% W` ^S cgW W^ bSVdW fdSTS\S k ^S _SVdW eW cgWVSW` USeS~ SZadS bdWeWÙ[S_ae W^ egdY[_[W`fa VW [``g_W&

2*

dST[We SddWYâe XS_[^[SdWe''' ;e^W VWeb^SlS_[W`fa ZSU[S ^SV[hWde[VSV We [ddWhWde[T^W' >Sk cg[W`We bdWX[WdW` h[h[dea^[WdSe a ea^fWdSe% bSVdWe cgW à f[W`W` WebaeS a _SVdWecgW à f[W`W` Webaea% k bSdW\Se e[` Z[\ae' >Sk cg[W`WebdWX[WdW` h[h[d \g`fae e[` SfSVgdSe aX[U[S^We4 bSdW\Se W` ^SecgW USVS Us`kgYW f[W`W eg bdab[S USddWdS' =W`fW cgW eW ZShgW^fa S USeSd' <S_[^[Se cgW eW [`fWYdS` Sdf[X[U[S^_W`fW badSUgWdVa _gfgaÅ "1#'

|9s_a Wjb^[USd WefS WUâe[s` VW bae[T[^[VSVWe S bSdf[d VWg` UW`fda Xg`VS`fW VW â V[hWdea6 ;` ^S WeXWdS VW ^S XS_[^[S k ^SbSdW\S% W^ dWXWdW`fW fdSV[U[a`S^ VW â Çàd_S^É eU Ua`h[WdfW Seq W`g` dWXWdW`fW _me% \g`fa Ua` afdae cgW ea` [YgS^_W`fW hm^[Vae3_u^f[b^We eSTWdWe ad[W`fS` ^S bWdUWbU[s` k ^S SUU[s` VW âe SUfadWecgW ZST[fS` W` g` _[e_a m_T[fa% _u^[[b^We ÇXad_Se VW h[VSÉUaZST[fS` W` g` _[e_a m_T[fa eaU[S^'

BS [VWS VW UPUBMJEBE" TPDJFEBE k NVUBDJbO bgWVW eWYg[dh[YW`fW% bWda W` _aVae _gk V[ef[`fae S âe cgW WefmTS_aeSUaefg_TdSVae S bWdU[T[d^S' 7gj[^[SVae bad ^S àU[s` VWSBDJPOBMJ[BDJbO VW MWTWd% eW bgWVW b^S`fWSd g`S dWUa_bae[U[s`VW^ [_SY[`Sd[a eaU[S^% g`S h[e[s` VW ^S eaU[WVSV Ua_a WebSU[a VWâ V[hWdea% _[UdaXqe[US VW m_T[fae VW eSTWd k baVWd' 7^Ya VW WefaZSk W` â cgW bdaba`W JagdS[`W3

Ä:W Scgq W` SVW^S`fW% ^S eaU[WVSV à eWdm _me g` bd[Ù[b[aVW g`[VSV4 We W^ dWeg^fSVa VW âe Ua`X^[Ufae eaU[S^We k VW^Se YdS`VWe ad[W`fSU[a`We Ug^fgdS^We cgW ea` eg W`fadà FOKFV!$ Da We _me g`S WeWÙ[S e[à g` SUa`fWU[_[W`fa' 7eqUa_a g`S adYS`[lSU[s` à We e[à W^ WefSVa [`WefST^W kbdah[e[a`S^ VW ^Se dW^SU[a`We W`fdW âe Ydgbae eaU[S^We cgWbaeWW` a à baeWW` ^S Sgfad[VSV W` W^ [`fWd[ad VWVWfWd_[`SVae ^q_[fWe% g`S eaU[WVSV Se[_[e_a à We e[àg`S _WlU^S US_T[S`fW VW Ua`X^[Ufae ^SfW`fWe a ST[Wdfae% VW

1' 7^h[` JaXX^Wd% :SFWJFXT BOE :SFNJTFT# 8^SU] HaeW 8aa]e% Jada`fa% *21,'

2+

WYaU[SU[a`We% VW Va_[`SU[s` [_bgWefS% VW h[a^WÙ[S k VWVWeadVW`' Da eW bgWVW Ua_bdW`VWd W^ SUfa S fdShoe VW ^SeaU[WVSV S ^S UgS^ bWdfW`WUW4 ZSk cgW bSdf[d VW âe SUfadWek VW âe Ua`X^[Ufae cgW âe aba`W` k S fdShoe VW âe UgS^We^S eaU[WVSV eW bdaVgUW S eq _[e_SÅ "2#'

*% CJLRWVJTR`JLRdV# ZNPUNV[JLRdV# NZXNLRJTRZUWZ%

;` g`S Ua`XWdWÙ[S cgW Y[ds W` fa_a S^ eW`f[Va VW ^SU[WÙ[S k ^S `SfgdS^WlS VW^ fdSTS\a U[W`fqX[Ua "*)#% CSj MWTUd eWdWX[d[s S ^S UdWU[W`fW [`fU^WUfgS^[lSU[s` k dSU[a`S^[lSU[s` VW^_g`Va _aVWdà abWdSVS S fdShoe VW âe eSTWdWe U[W`fqX[Uae cgWad[W`fS` k bafWÙ[S` W^ SÛSÙW VW ^S foU`[US' ;efae eSTWdWe ZSÙa`fd[Tg[Va S cgW bgV[oeW_ae [d W^[_[`S`Va âe hWef[Y[ae VW g`bWèS_[W`fa _mY[Ua SUWdUS VW^ _aVa VW XgÙ[a`S_[W`fa VW^_g`Va% S cgW â EFTFODBOU\SBNPT$

FWda MWTWd fS_T[o` Ua_bdW`V[s bWdXWUfS_W`fW cgW WeSdW[h[`V[USU[s` VW ^S U[WÙ[S à baVqS eWd `[ Se[_[^SVS `[Ua`Xg`V[VS Ua` W^ U[W`f[X[U[e_a cgW [_bdWY`s S^ bae[f[h[e_aVWU[_a`s`[Ua% ZWdWVWda VW^ dSU[a`S^[e_a egdY[Va Ua` ^S ?^ge&fdSU[s` WgdabWS' ;^ EFTFODBOUP EFM NVOEP" eg VWe_[f[X[USU[s`%fW`qS baUa W` Ua_u` Ua` ^S XW W` W^ QSPHSFTP VW^ W`fW`V[_[W`faZg_Sà W` g` eW`f[Va SUg_g^Sf[ha k ^[`WS^% a Ua` W^ egWra^SdYS_W`fW S`ZW^SVa VW fad`Sd S^ _g`Va fdSèbSdW`fW% VWUaàUWdâ WjZSgef[hS_W`fW Ua` W^ Sgj[^[a VW ^Se U[WÙ[Se' BSdSU[a`S^[lSU[s` W [`fU^WUfgS^[lSU[s` iWTWd[S`S à eW dW_[fW S ^SU[WÙ[S W` UgS`fa WefS bWd_[f[dqS UgTd[d ^S fafS^[VSV VW^ _g`Va Ua`g` _S`fa fdSèbSdW`fW VW WeWÙ[Se a hWdVSVWe X[`S^_W`fWVWhW^SVSe% UgS^ fWef[_a`[a Yâd[aea VW^ ShSÙW VW^ W`fW`V[_[W`faW` eg SXm` bad EPNJOBS MB OBUVSBMF[B a VWeUgTd[d ^Se MFZFT

2' 7^S[` JSgdS[Ù% ÄBS hal k ^S _[dSVSÅ% ;FWJTUB 7FYJDBOB EF <PDJPMPH_B# -(*202% b' *),-'

*)' CSj MWTWd% ÄBS U[WÙ[S Ua_a haUSU[s`Å "*202#% W` /M QPM_UJDP Z FM DJFOU_GJDP

"*2.2#% Ua_b[^SVa bad HSk_a`V 7da`% 7^[S`lS ;V[fad[S^% CSVd[V% *2/0'

2,

HFOFSBMFT VW ^S eaU[ST[^[VSV' Cgk bad W^ Ua`fdSd[a% MWTWd SbW^SS ^Se U[WÙ[Se bdWU[eS_W`fW badcgW ^S UdWU[W`fW Ua_b^W\[VSV VW^W`fadà cgW ZW_ae UdWSVa% eg UdWU[W`fW V[hUde[X[USU[s` kV[XWdWÙ[SU[s`% à esâ à ZS bWd_[f[Va cgW `gWefda USgVS^ VWeSTWdWe V[e[bW` faVa hWef[Y[a VW abSU[VSV a [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW% e[àcgW _me T[W` dWU^S_S% Zak _me cgW `gÙS% g`S Ua_b^W\[lSU[sÙaddW^Sf[hS VW âe eSTWdWe' ;^â eWdqS g`S Ua`V[U[s` `WUWeSd[S bSdSW`XdW`fSd k SUfgSd eaTdW g` W`fadà UgkS fdS_S eW hgW^hW USVS hWl_me WebWeS k hSd[SVS3

Ä7 à eWd cgW eW fdSfW VW g` Xqe[Ua% cg[W` h[S\S W` fdS`hqSà fW`Vdm eWYgdS_W`fW `[ [VWS VW Us_a k badcgo ScgW^âeW _gWhW' 7VW_me% fS_baUa `WUWe[fS eSTWdâ' BW TSefS Ua`baVWd DPOUBS Ua` W^ Ua_badfS_[W`fa VW^ fdS`hqS k ad[W`fSdSeq eg bdab[S Ua`VgUfS% bWda à eSTW ZSUWd fdS`hqSe cgWXgÙ[a`W`' ;^ eS^hS\W eSTW _gUZqe[_a _me SUWdUS VW egebdab[ae [è^dg_W`fae"'''# BS [`fW^WUfgS^[lSU[s` k dSU[a`S&^[lSU[s` UdWU[W`fWe à e[Y`[X[US`% bgWe% g` UdWU[W`fWUaàU[_[W`fa YW`WdS^ VW ^Se Ua`V[U[a`We YW`WdS^We VW`gWefdS h[VS' Ig e[Y`[X[USVa We _gk V[ef[`fa4 e[Y`[X[US` cgWeW eSTW a cgW eW UdWW cgW W` UgS^cg[Wd _a_W`fa W` cgWeW cg[WdS eW bgWVW ^^WYSd S eSTWd cgW% bad fS`fa% à Wj[efW`W` fadà S `gWefdS h[VS baVWdWe aUg^fae W [_bdWh[e[T^We%e[à cgW% bad W^ Ua`fdSd[a% faVa bgWVW eWd EPNJOBEP

NFEJBOUF FM D\MDVMP Z MB QSFWJTJbO "**#'

>W Scgq W^ eW`f[Va dSV[US^ VW ^S bdabgWefS iWTWd[S`S SUWdUSVW ^S U[WÙ[S k ^S dSU[a`S^[lSU[s` W` g` _g`Va VW Ua_b^W\[VSVUdWU[W`fW' IgbWdS_ae S^ eS^hS\W W` W^ ù_Wda% hSd[WVSV k SÛSÙWVW ege [èfdg_W`fae% bWda S V[XWdWÙ[S VW o^% cgW ZST[fSTS W` g`_g`Va Ua` g` d[f_a VW fdSèXad_SU[s` _me bSgeSVa% bWdV[_aebSdS e[W_bdW ^S bae[T[^[VSV VW UaàUWd ^Se Ua`V[U[a`We YW`WdS^WeVW `gWefdSe h[VSe3 `gWefda W`fadà Ug^fgdS^ We fS` hSefa% k ^S

**' 3CJE# bb' *22&+))'

2-

[`àhSU[s` fS` dmb[VS% cgW `gWefdSe UWdfWlSe eW àe WeUgddW`bWd_S`W`fW_W`fW VW ^Se _Sàe Su` UgS`Va UdWW_ae cgWX[`S^_W`fW ZW_ae âYdSVa Se[d^Se' O WefS Sè[WVSV bdahaUSVS bad^S bodV[VS VW UWdfWlSe STea^gfSe% |SUSea baVdqS ZSTWd e[Va VW afda_aVa e[% bSdSXdSeWS`Va g`S WjbdWe[s` VW 7^WjS`VdW Aakdo% ZSUWkS hSd[ae e[Yâe cgW Ua_W`lS_ae S fdSè[fSd bad W^ US_[à cgWhS EFM NVOEP DFSSBEP BM VOJWFSTP JOGJOJUP) ;` W^ [`X[`[fa% ^SSbdWZWè[s` VW ^S fafS^[VSV VWh[W`W g`S W_bdWeS Xuf[^% e[` eW`f[Va4^S UWdf[Vg_TdW cgW àe Td[`VS` ^Se U[WÙ[Se k ^Se foU`[USe àbgWVW` WddSV[USd bad Ua_b^Wfa ^S [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW VW^ _ah[_[W`faW [`àhSU[s` bWd_S`W`fW% cgW àe aT^[YS S dWXad_g^Sd g`S k afdShWl `gWefdSe UWdfWlSe' 9a`fS_ae Ua` eSTWdWe cgW% Ua_a dWVWe%VWTW` eWd Sdda\SVae g`S k afdS hWl W` ^S hSefWVSV VW g` W`fadàUS_T[S`fW bSdS fdSfSd VW Uaâ`[lSd WebSU[ae SUafSVae% bSdS Se[deWY_W`fae VW h[VS' ;^ Xqe[Ua VW^ W\W_bâ Ua_bdW`VW badcgo eW_gWhW W^ fdS`hqS4 fS^ hWl eWbS S^Ya SUWdUS VW _WUm`[US VWSgfa_sh[^We% g` baUa _Wàe eaTdW \SdV[`WdqS k fWaâYqS% kbae[T^W_W`fW `SVS SUWdUS VW^ SdfW VW YaTWd`Sd' 7eq% àedWUa`XadfS_ae Ua` ^S [VWS cgW% Ua_a DPMFDUJWP IVNBOP" Ua`f[&`W`fW VW^ b^gdS^ VW eSTWdWe% UdWW_ae cgW baVW_ae ^^WYSd SSbdWZW`VWd ^S fafS^[VSV' FWda W` WeW USea% fS_T[o` VWTW_aeSUWbfSd cgW W^ SUUWea [`V[h[VgS^ S ^S fafS^[VSV VWh[W`W bda_WeSWhW`fgS^% k kS à g`S WjbWd[WÙ[S h[h[VS W` ^S Uaf[V[S`W[VSV VWàeafdae% Za_TdWe k _g\WdWe ZWdWVWdae VW^ eS^hS\W'

D[`Yu` eSTWd a dSU[a`S^[VSV V[eUdWfS bgWVW UgTd[d W^WebSU[a eaU[S^ W` Xad_S WjZSgef[hS% Sg`cgW WeW WebSU[a We W^fWdd[fad[a W` W^ UgS^ bda^[XUdS` _u^f[b^We dSU[a`S^[VSVWe SUafSVSe4kS à ZSk g`S TSeW es^[VS bSdS bWèSd W` ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW g`S ^^ShW_SWefdS cgW bWd_[f[dqS S^ W`fW`V[_[W`fa Zg_Sà% bad hqS VW ^SU[WÙ[S% SUUWVWd S ^S fafS^[VSV W` W^ eW`f[Va VW WebSU[a UWddSVa%X[`[fa k UW`fdSVa' MWTWd bdaba`W cgW W^ _g`Va SUfgS^ esâ bgWVWeWd _S`fW`[Va W` _ah[_[W`fa% k _me Su`% fdSèXad_SVa% e[ eWUgW`fS Ua` ^S USbSU[VSV VW YW`WdSd g` b^gdS^ VW ^^ShWe VW SUUWea%VW dSU[a`S^[VSVWe baVWdaeSe W` h[dfgV VW eg WebWU[S^[lSU[s`3eSTWdWe USbSUWe VW bW`WfdSd W` ^S Ua_b^W\S fdS_S VW âe eWY_W`fae

2.

âUS^We k dWY[a`S^We cgW Ua`Xad_S` W^ _aVWdà _g`Va VW âeFTQFDJBMJTNPT "*+#'

+% >RLYWOcZRLJ# XWMNY# [W[JTRMJM ZWLRJT%

Bae eSTWdWe WebWU[S^We a dSU[a`S^[VSVWe SUafSVSe abWdSÙa_a SFEFT cgW Sdda\S_ae g`S k afdS hWl eaTdW ^S X^g[VWl VW ^Sh[VS TgeUS`Va UWdfWlSe% X[\SU[a`We VW eW`f[Va% dWXWdW`fWe Ua^WU&f[hae cgW bae[T[^[fW` ^S Ua_g`[USU[s` k ^S SUU[s`' FadcgW WeWh[VW`fW cgW g` bdaUWea VW dSU[a`S^[lSU[s` VW g` eWY_W`fa VW_SfWd[S eaU[S^ bda_gWhW ^S Xad_SU[s` k W^ VWeSdda^â VWdWYg^Sd[VSVWe% e[` ^Se UgS^We à We bae[T^W ea_WfWd ^Se bdmUf[USea ^S YS_S VW XW`s_Wàe VW g` m_T[fa VSVa S Ud[fWd[ae VW UmÛgâk bdWV[Uf[T[^[VSV% k bad Uaè[Yg[W`fW% S _aVS^[VSVWe VW Ua`fda^'

BS YWefSU[s` VW fS^We dWYg^Sd[VSVWe "ZmT[fae% dgf[`Se% WfU'#S^gVW S g` hWdVSVWda bdaUWea VW EPNFTUJDBDJbO VW _SfWd[S eaU[S^bad hqS VW àd_Se% S g`S OPSNBMJ[BDJbO _WV[S`fW ^S UgS^ âeXW`s_Wàe k ^Se bdmUf[USe% k âe eg\Wfae SUfgS`fWe% VWh[W`WÙSfWYadqSe HPCFSOBCMFT$ ;^â dWhW^S W^ baVWdqa VW ^Se dSU[a`S^[&lSU[a`We% W` W^ eW`f[Va VW eg USdmUfWd bdaVgUf[ha a UaèfdgUf[ha3^Se SFEFT fW`V[VSe bad W^^Se bda_gWhW` ^S Xad_SU[s` VW sdVW`We_me a _Wàe WefST^We eaTdW W^ fWddWà VW g`S _SfWd[S eaU[S^Tme[US_W`fW X^g[VS% â cgW eW fdSVgUW W` g` Ua`fda^ dW^Sf[ha adWVgUU[s` bSdU[S^ VW ^S [ÙWdf[Vg_TdW VW _S`WdS VW ZSUWd bae[T^W^S dWYg^Sd[VSV k ^S Ua`f[`g[VSV VW âe [`fWdUS_T[ae eaU[S^We'9SUU[Sd[ b^S`fWS S^Ya e[_[^Sd S^ ZST^Sd VW^ ÄbdakWUfa W` fS`faUmÛgâ% ha^g`fSV VW bafWÙ[S dSU[a`S^% XgWdlS UaèfdgUf[hS "'''#;^ bdakWUfa ZSUW VW â eaU[S^ g` UgWdba Sdf[X[U[S^ BOBMJ[BCMFÅ% hS^WVWU[d% ZSUW VW â eaU[S^ g` DPOTUSVDUP _me a _Wàe WefST^W "*,#3

*+' ;^ XW`s_Wà TgdaUdmf[Ua _aVWdà We g` W\W_bâ U^Sda VW W^â' LoSeW W^ûU[Va S`m^[e[e VW =[geWbbW :gea% ÄHSl[a`S^[fn W VWU[e[a`W3 ^S bdaVgff[h[fn VW^^SUa`fdSVV[l[a`WÅ% W` @FCFS) SB[JPOBMJU] F QPM_UJDB# Ua_b[^SVa bad =' :gea%7deW`S^W 9aabWdSf[hS ;V[fd[UW% LW`Wl[S% *21)'*,' CSee[_a 9SUU[Sd[% ÄFdaYWffaÅ% 6BCPSBUPSJP :PM_UJDP Dw +% _Sdla&Sbd[^W *21*%b' *))' LoSeW fS_T[o`% bSdS â VW ÇUaèfdgUâÉ% S 9Sdâ :aàâ k <dSÙa <[UZWdS%Ä:S^^S YahWd`ST[^[fn S^^Ç[`àhSl[a`W ba^[f[USÅ% C[_Ua% 9a`hWYà ?IIE9E%Jad[à% *.&*2 V[U[W_TdW *21*'

2/

bda_gWhW ^S UdWSU[s` VW g` ÇWefSVaÉ W` W^ eW`f[Va VW FTUBEP EF

DPTBT" TJUVBDJbO" PSEFO$

FWda S^ _[e_a f[W_ba% eW Sdda\S` ^Se dWVWe VW eSTWd eaTdWg` fWddWà cgW% e[ T[W` We U[Wdfa cgW Wefm Ua_bgWefa VW g`S _SfWd[SX^g[VS% YW`WdS^_W`fW eW WÙgW`fdS kS egdUSVa bad PUSPT eSTWdWecgW ZS` Uaèfdg[Va g` adVW` Ua` ege dWYg^Sd[VSVWe% [VW`f[VSVWe%bdmUf[USe k dgf[`Se eaTdW o^' Cme Su`% bgWVW ZSTWd g` b^gdS^ VWeSTWdWe UaZST[fS`Va W` g`S _[e_S WeXWdS a m_T[fa eaU[S^% faVaeW^âe [`fW`fS`Va [èfSgdSd TVT UWdfWlSe% dWYg^Sd[VSVWe k bdmUf[USe'

:W SZq cgW% UgS`Va eW b[WèS ^S dSU[a`S^[lSU[s` Ua_abdaVgUU[s` VW dWYg^Sd[VSVWe S fdShoe VW ^S [èfSgdSU[s` VW V[hWdeSeSBUJP a Ud[fWd[ae VW UmÛgâ k _WV[U[s`% à eW ^S bgWVW dWVgU[d Sg`S fSdUS VW [`YW`[WdqS UaÙWbfgS^ cgW eW YW`WdS W` ^S cg[WfgV VWg` [`fW^WUfa a_`[eU[W`fW k cgW eW [_b^S`fS W` TSeW S eg _WdSbWdXWUU[s` Xad_S^ eaTdW ^S b^S`[U[W VW g` hSUqa eaU[S^' I[ bSdSD[WfleUZW W^ UaàU[_[W`fa We e[W_bdW g` SUfa VW h[a^WÙ[S% W` WêW`f[Va cgW egba`W ^S X[\SU[s` VW^ _ah[_[W`fa VW ^S h[VS S fdShoeVW âe UaÙWbfae % a bSdS 8SUZW^SdV â `gWha e[W_bdW `SUW Wàbae[U[s` S â kS Wj[efW`fW% Ua` _Skad dSls` eW VWTW dWUaàUWdcgW âe eSTWdWe cgW ZST[fS` W` ^Se WeXWdSe eaU[S^We Sdda\S` egedWVWe eaTdW UWdfWlSe kS Wj[efW`fWe' ;^â egba`W% Ua_a We VWWebWdSdeW% ^S bae[T[^[VSV cgW egd\S fS`fa g`S SFTJTUFODJB S^ US_T[abad bSdfW VW ^S _SfWd[S eaU[S^ kS Va_Wef[USVS bad S^Yu` eSTWd%Ua_a fS_T[o` g`S fWè[s` W`fdW âe V[hWdeae eSTWdWe cgWbdWfW`VW` [èf[fg[d TVT bdab[Se UWdfWlSe k dWYg^Sd[VSVWe' FSdS eWd_me bdWU[ea3 à ea` `[ âe eSTWdWe `[ ^S _SfWd[S eaU[S^ âe cgWdWe[efW` a cgW eW W`XdW`fS` W`fdW eq% e[à _me T[W` âe BDUPSFT cgWea` badfSVadWe VW bdakWUfae VW Ua`f[`g[VSV a VW US_T[a W[`àhSU[s`' BS UdWSU[s` VW `gWhae sdVW`We a ^S _S`fWÙ[s` VWsdVW`We kS Wj[efW`fWe% egba`W cgW W^ BHbO a ^S ^gUZS W`fdW âeSUfadWe à VWTW eWd Uaè[VWdSVa Ua_a S^Ya WjsYWà k bSeS\Wda%e[à Ua_a g`S dWS^[VSV bWd_S`W`fW cgW SfdSh[WeS k bWd_WS S^WebSU[a eaU[S^% eWS S^ [`fWd[ad VW S^Ygà VW ege m_T[fae a W`fdWâe V[hWdeae m_T[fae'

:WeVW ^S sbf[US VW^ BHbO" VW^ dWUaàU[_[W`fa VW ^S ^gUZS

20

k W^ Ua`X^[Ufa ^[YSVae S ^S V[`m_[US VW âe bdakWUfae VWdSU[a`S^[lSU[s`% eW bgWVW ZST^Sd VW g` WebSU[a eaU[S^ egdUSVa badWPMVOUBEFT EF QPEFS_P$ ;efSe [`fW`fS` Ua`cg[efSd eWY_W`faeWebSU[S^We bSdS W^ W\WdU[U[a VW eg Va_[`[a% hS^W VWU[d% bSdS[_bd[_[d ^S Xad_S k âe d[f_ae VW [`fWdSUU[s` k fdSèXad_SU[s`VW g` b^gdS^ VW XW`s_Wàe cgW eW VWeW`hgW^hW` W` eg [`fWd[ad';^ USdmUfWd UaèfdgUf[ha a _a_W`fa bae[f[ha&bdaVgUf[ha VW fS^Weha^g`fSVWe eW _S`[X[WefS% Ua_a W` faVa bdaUWea VW dSU[a`S^[lS&U[s`% W` âe WeXgWdlae bad Ua`cg[efSd g` WebSU[a W` TSeW S ^Se dWVWecgW Sdda\S` ege eSTWdWe% W` âe [`fW`fae bad Xad\Sd g` fWddWà VWdWYg^Sd[VSVWe cgW dWeba`VS` S TVT hSâdWe k Ud[fWd[ae' FWda WefadWhW^S fS_T[o` ^S afdS USdS VW g` baVWd dSU[a`S^[lSVad% S eSTWd%^S [èf[fgU[s` VW e[efW_Se VW dW^SU[a`We Se[_ofd[USe cgW Ua`X[YgdS`^Se WefdgUfgdSe \Wdmdcg[USe VW Ua_S`Va&aTWV[WÙ[S' ;^â à We _mecgW W^ dWUaàU[_[W`fa VW ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW dWe[efWÙ[Se cgW àVWeSbSdWUW`% eWS bad bSd^W VW âe dWeST[ae VW bdWh[Se Va&_Wef[USU[a`We a X[\SU[a`We VW ^S _S^Wd[S eaU[S^% a bad bSd^W VW a[dmeha^g`fSVWe VW baVWdqa cgW S`ZW^S` _aV[X[USd g` WebSU[a kSadVW`SVa' 7eq% g`S ha^g`[SV dSU[a`S^[lSVadS cgW ^gUZS bad UdWSda bad _S`fW`Wd g` U[Wdfa WebSU[a% cg[WdW bWda à bgWVW Ua`fda^Sdbad Ua_b^Wfa S âe XW`s_Wàe cgW aUgddW` W` eg [`fWd[ad% k badâ _[e_a% esâ bgWVW [_bd[_[d g`S Xad_S S eg WebSU[a bSdSVW^[_[fSd% S Ydaeea _aVa% â cgW eW bgWVW VWU[d k ZSUWd W` o^' ;efadWhW^S W^ XdSUSea VW g` S`ZWâ fafS^[lSVad% k W` u^f[_S [èfSÙ[S%fS_T[o` W^ fW_ad k ^S XdSY[^[VSV cgW SUa_bSrS bWd_S`W`fW_W`fWS g` bdakWUfa dSU[a`S^[lSVad% Ua`VW`SVa S W`XdW`fSd g`S k afdShWl âe VWeSXqae cgW egdYW` k â SUWUZS` VWeVW eg bdab[a US_baVW Va_[`[a'

;efa We hm^[Va bSdS UgS^cg[WdS VW âe m_T[fae a FTQFDJBMJT#

NPT$ Gg[W` b[WèW cgW ^S eWY_W`fSU[s` VW^ WebSU[a eaU[WfS^ [_&b^[US e[W_bdW k `WUWeSd[S_W`fW ^S STa^[U[s` VW dW^SU[a`We VW Ua&_S`Va&aTWV[WÙ[S% eW W`YSrS S eq _[e_a' FWda eW VWTW dWUaàUWdfS_T[o` cgW We _gk V[ef[`fa ZST^Sd VW WefW f[ba VW dW^SU[a`We W`g` WebSU[a UaV[X[USVa bad g` e[efW_S VW baVWd VW_aUdmf[Ua cgWW` gà Va_Wef[USVa bad g`S ha^g`[SV VW baVWdqa Sgfad[fSd[a'

21

BS WUâe[s` VW TBCFSFT FTQFDJBMFT a dSU[a`S^[VSVWe SUa&fSVSe% e[Yà VW `gWefdS obaUS% _SdUS W^ bg`fa VW [`X^Wj[sÙdWbgeUg^Sd VW g` bSdSV[Y_S WÙ[UâbWV[efS' ;` â cgW dWebWUfSS g`S àU[s` VW eaU[WVSV% _SdUS g`S dgbfgdS Ua` ^S fafS^[VSVUW`fdSVS VW >WYW^ k eg _aVWâ VW NVaFDBT SVTBT" cgW ^^WhS SUaÙWT[d S ^S eaU[WVSV Ua_a g` e[`Xq` VW FTGFSBT EFOUSP EF FTGFSBT$

;efS WUâe[s` VW FTQFDJBMJTNPT k eg UaddW^Sfa% ^S Ua_b^W\[lSU[sÙdWU[W`fW VW^ ù_Wda k ^S `SfgdS^WlS VW âe eWY_W`fae âUS^We%_SdUS fS_T[o` g`S fdSè[U[s` ZSU[S _aVae VW bWdUWbU[s` k VWSUU[s` bdab[ae VW g` WebSU[a dW^Sf[hS_W`fW WjUo`fd[Ua' IW fdSfSVW g` WebSU[a USdSUfWd[lSVa bad ^S _g^f[b^[USU[s` VW bg`fae VWh[efS k ùU^Wae VW SUf[h[VSV V[hWdeae% W` Ugka [`fWd[ad eW [èf[fgkWÙa`\g`fae WebWUqX[Uae VW dW^SU[a`We VW baVWd k Va_[`SU[s` \g`faUa` eg Ua`fdSbSdf[VS% ^Se _aVS^[VSVWe WebWUqX[USe VW dWe[efWÙ[SS^ baVWd k ^S Va_[`SU[s`% eWS Ua_a dWS^[VSV SUfgS`fW a Ua_abae[T[^[VSV h[dfgS^'

9a_a V[UW` 9SUU[Sd[ k <dSÙ] "*-#% ^S eaU[WVSV eW WefmUa`h[`[W`Va W` g`S egWdfW VW ÇU[gVSVÉ baT^SVS bad g` b^gdS^ VWWeXWdSe a eWUfadWe ÇWebWU[S^WeÉ VW SUf[h[VSV3 Wefae bgWVW` WefSd^[YSVae a Sdf[Ug^SVae W`fdW eq% bWda V[XqU[^_W`fW bgWVW` WefSdUa`fW`[Vae bad g`S WeXWdS a eWUfad UW`fdS^' OS à USTdqS bWèSdW^ b^gdS^ VW [VW`f[VSVWe k dW^SU[a`We eaU[S^We Ua_a _WfmefSe[e VWg` bg`fa a ^gYSd u`[Ua4 fS_baUa USTdqS bWèSd ^S fafS^[VSV eaU[S^W` fod_[àe VW UqdUgâe UaÙo`fd[Uae cgW dW_[f[dqS`% W` u^f[_S[èfSÙ[S% S g` UW`fda Xg`VS`fW USbSl VW dWhW^Sd ^S Xad_S VW g`[VSVa ^S [VW`f[VSV WebWUqX[US VW ^S eaU[WVSV' ÄKà kS à bgWVW VWU[dcgW Wj[efW g` ^gYSd bd[h[^WY[SVa Va`VW ^S eaU[WVSV eW hgW^hWUaèU[W`fW a Udqf[US VW eq _[e_S S _Wàe cgW dWfad`W_ae S >WYW^Å

*-' CSee[_a 9SUU[Sd[ k =[adY[a FdSÙ]% Ä9a_a =ahWd`SdW ^S =dS`VW Ç9[ffSÉVWY^[ ebWU[S^[e_[Å% -SJUJDB 7BSYJTUB ,(*21*% Ha_S'

//

"*.#' OS à ZSk g` ^gYSd bd[h[^WY[SVa a% bad â _Wàe% kS à âZSk B QSJPSJ" bgWefa cgW egdYW` VW_Se[SVae ^gYSdWe V[hWdeae VWeVWVa`VW eW ^S`lS` VWeSXqae% [YgS^_W`fW V[hWdeae% S^ CVFO PSEFO VW^S eaU[WVSV WefST^WU[VS'

,% DWLRNMJM&TW ZWLRJT%

Ba cgW eW ZS V[UZa SUWdUS VW âe eWY_W`fae a m_T[faeâUS^We% fS_T[o` hS^W bSdS bWèSd g`S UgWef[s` U^ShW3 g`S X[YgdSVW TPDJFEBE cgW bWd_[fS bWdU[T[d k hSâdSd W^ bafWÙ[S^ W_S`&U[bSfad[a Wj[efW`fW W` W^ fWddWà VW â TPDJBM$ 7VabfS`Va g`S hWl_me ^S bWdebWUf[hS VW^ SUfad k VW âe bdakWUfae VW dSU[a`S^[lSU[s`(baVWd VW âe cgW We badfSVad k bSdfqU[bW% eW bgWVW bdaba`Wd g`WeTala VW ^S `SfgdS^WlS VW^ fW\[Va eaU[WfS^ W` fod_[àe VW baVWdk dWe[efWÙ[S3 g`S h[e[s` e[_[^Sd S ^S cgW bdaba`W JagdS[`W W` W^

*.' @WS`&<dSÙa[e BkafSdV% .SJGMXPSLT# IW_[afWjf"W#% DWi Oad]% *21-' IW bgWVWUaèg^fSd afdae fWjfae cgW STadVS` WefSe UgWef[a`We% Ua_a bad W\W_bâ% âe VWC[UZW^ <agUSg^f% 6B BSRVFPMPH_B EFM TBCFS "*2/2#% I[Yâ NN?% Coj[Ua% *202%/M PSEFO EFM EJTDVSTP "*20)#% JgecgWfe ;V[fadWe% 8SdUWâ`S% *20,4 <d[WVd[UZD[WfleUZW% =IF @JMM =P :PXFS "*11,&*111#% HS`Va_ >ageW% DWi Oad]% *2/047^S[` JagdS[`W% 6B TPDJFU^ JOWJTJCMF# Vg IWg[^% FSdqe% *200% k 6F SFUPVS EF

6hBDMFVS# <SkSdV% FSd[e% *21-4 ;d`Wefa BSU^Sg% ÄJdSèXad_Sll[a`W W fWadqS VWêaYWffa % C[_Wa% K`[hUde[fk aX ;eeWj% ;`Y^S`V% *21*% ÄJZW ?_baee[T[^[^k aXIaU[WfkÅ% -BOBEJBO 4PVSOBM PG :PMJUJDBM BOE <PDJBM =IFPSZ# La^' L??% Dw *&+%M[`fWd&Ibd[`Y *21,% k ;d`Wefa BSU^Sg k 9ZS`fS^ CagXXW% 2FHFNPOZ BOE

<PDJBMJTU <USBUFHZ) =PXBSET B ;BEJDBM .FNPDSBUJD :PMJUJDT# DWi BWXf 8aa]e%Ba`Va`% *21.4 =[SUa_a CSddS_Sa% 6P QPM_UJDP Z MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT "*202#%9gSVWdàe VW FSeSVa k FdWeW`fW Dw 2.% Coj[Ua% *21+4 Bag[e 7ZZgeeWd% ÄJWe[eVW 7_[WèÅ "*20.#% .JBM^DUJDB Dw ,% \g^[a VW *200% K`[hWde[VSV 7gfsà_S VWFgWT^S% Coj[Ua4 9Sd[a :aàâ% ÄIaU[S^WÅ% 6BCPSBUPSJP :PM_UJDP S`à ??% Dw *%YW``S[a&XWTTdS[a *21+% bgT^[USVa W` USefW^^Sà W` g`S hWde[s` _me WjfWèS Ua`W^ fqfgâ VW Ä7^Ya _me eaTdW W^ Sgfad[fSd[e_a ba^qf[Ua k eaU[S^Å% W` 6PT M_NJUFT

EF MB EFNPDSBDJB "hSd[ae SgfadWe#% 8[T^[afWUS VW 9[WÙ[Se IaU[S^We VW 9B79IE%8gWàe 7[dWe% *21.4 8[SY[a VW =[ahS``[ Ä9d[e[ W ^WY[ff[_Sl[a`W VU^â efSfaÅ%-S_UJDB 7BSYJTUB /(*202% Ha_S% k ÄCSdj[e_a k WefSVaÅ% PQ% DJU%* C[UZW^ VW9UdfWSg% ÄE` fZW Ebbae[^[a`S^ FdSUf[UWe aX ;hWdkVSk ^[^WÅ% <PDJBM =FYU Dw ,% <S^^*21)4 =[^qWe :W^WglW% ÄHW[h[`V[USU[s` VW ^S X[âeaXqSÅ /M ?JFKP =PQP Dw .+%8SdUWâ`S% W`Wda *21*% k ÄDa_SV JZagYZfÅ "*20,#% <FNJPUFYU!F" La^' ???% Dw *%DWi Oad]% *201'

*))

XdSY_W`fa kS U[fSVa% S eSTWd% Ua_a _WlU^S US_T[S`fW VWUa`X^[Ufae ^SfW`fWe a ST[Wdfae% VW Va_[`SU[s`% VW `WYaU[SU[s`% VWh[a^WÙ[S k VWeadVW` "*/#' ;^â bWd_[fW [`fdaVgU[d ^S V[ef[Ù[sÙaÙWbfgS^ W`fdW ^S TPDJFEBE k â TPDJBM$

BS TPDJFEBE VWe[Y`SdqS ^S Ua`cg[efS VW g` WebSU[a W` WÛgS^ eW ZS` Ud[efS^[lSVa [è^[^gU[a`S^_W`fW ^Se dW^SU[a`We VW baVWdVW g` bdakWUfa adVW`SVad% VW g`S ha^g`fSV cgW Sdf[Ug^S â XmUf[UaUa` â àd_Sf[ha bSdS Ua`Xad_Sd g` Va_[`[a UaV[X[USVa kYaTWd`ST^W' FWda `[`Yu` bdakWUfa bgWVW SÛS`lSd W^ egWrafafS^[lSVad VW W`YâTSd k Va_Wef[USd S faVa XW`s_Wà% dW^SU[sà egT\Wf[h[VSV S^ [`fWd[ad VW^ ÇTgW` adVW`É cgW [èfSgdS' ;^ USea^q_[fW VW g` bdakWUfa adVW`SVad UWddSVa% UW`fdSVa k a_`[Ua_&bdWè[ha ~^Se _a`SdcgqSe STea^gf[efSe% W^ ;efSVa JafS^ VW^XSeU[e_a [fS^[Sà% ^Se V[UfSVgdSe _[^[fSdWe ^Sf[àS_Wd[US`Se~ WefS` eaâ g` S`ZWâ cgW W` u^f[_S [èfSÙ[S dWeg^fS [ddWS^[lST^W badUSgeS VW ^S Ua_b^W\[VSV VW g`S _SfWd[S eaU[S^ eaTdW ^S UgS^ eWZS` eWV[_W`fSVa _u^f[b^We UaV[X[USU[a`We k dW&UaV[X[USU[a`We cgWà bgWVW` eWd Ua_b^WfS_W`fW TaddSVSe "*0#' :W SZq cgW ^STPDJFEBE" a W^ baVWd cgW ^S d[YW k âe SUfadWe cgW â W\WdUW`% bgWVWSeb[dSd S âYdSd W^ earSVa M_NJUF SBDJPOBM EF VOB GPSNB#VOJEBE

UPUBM" bWda eW hW aT^[YSVS S Ua`Xad_SdeW Ua` ^S SFBMJEBE PQFSBUJWB

EF VOB GPSNB#VOJEBE QSFEPNJOBOUF$ :W SZq fS_T[o` cgW faVa

*/' 7^S[` JagdS[`W% ÄBS hal k ^S _[dSVSÅ% PQ% DJU%

*0' ;` W^ b^Sà VW^ eW`f[Va Ua_u` eaU[WfS^% bad W\W_bâ% f[W`VW` S bWdVgdSd fdSlaeVW g`S Ug^fgdS ba^qf[US eaU[S^ VW ^SdYS VgdSU[s` cgW V[XqU[^_W`fW bgWVW eWd_aV[X[USVS WjZSgef[hS_W`fW bad g`S ha^g`fSV VW baVWdqa% à [_badfS Ugm`WXWUf[hS eWS W` eg SÛSÙW k bdaXg`V[VSV' IW bgWVW bWèSd fS_T[o` W` ^Se[_mYW`We cgW bdakWUfS` S ege S^g_àe S^Ygàe bdaXWeadWe VW Z[efad[S SUWdUS VWâ cgW We g`S dWha^gU[s`% bgWe Ua`f[W`W` dWeST[ae VW g`S h[e[s` QSF~DPQFSOJDBOB) ^S HWha^gU[s` <dSÙWeS% ^Se YWefSe [`VWbW`VW`f[efSe VW âe bSqeWeVW^ Ua`f[`W`fW S_Wd[USà% ^S HWha^gU[s` HgeS% WfU'% ea` bdWeW`fSVSe Ua_aXW`s_Wàe fafS^We cgW Ua`fSda` Ua` ^S bSdf[U[bSU[s` SUf[hS VW faVS g`S baT^SU[s`%k cgW fdSèXad_Sda` VW ^S àUZW S ^S _SrS`S ^Se WefdgUfgdSe VW ^S h[VS Uaf[V[S`S%UgS`Va VW ZWUZa W` U[Wdfae USeae fdSèUgdd[Wda` _WeWe S`fWe cgW S^Yg`SeâUS^[VSVWe dgdS^We eW W`fWdSeW` VW â SUSWU[Va% a cgW ^S h[VS W` W^^SeWjbWd[_W`fSeW _aV[X[USU[a`We eWè[T^We'

*)*

ÇTgW` adVW`É Wefm bWd_S`W`fW_W`fW S_W`SlSVa bad g` FYDFTP cgWdWTSeS eg USbSU[VSV VW Ua`fda^'

;efW WjUWea gT[Uga cgW ZST[fS W` W^ fWdd[fad[a _[e_a VW ^STPDJFEBE eW UaàUW Ua` W^ à_TdW VW MP TPDJBM' We W^ hSefafWdd[fad[a VW XW`s_Wàe% [VW`f[VSVWe k ÇXad_Se VW h[VSÉ baUa[èf[fgU[a`S^[lSVSe k Çà_mV[USeÉ% cgW dWTSeS`% W^gVW` a VWeSXqS`âe WeXgWdlae VWeb^WYSVae bad W^ ÇTgW` adVW`É bSdS UaV[X[USdâek ea_WfWdâe' ;` fod_[àe _gk e[_[^SdWe% 9Sd[a :aàâ V[UW cgWâ TPDJBM We _SfWd[S cgW eW aba`W S ^Se Xad_Se [èf[fgU[a`S^We%Sg`cgW W^â à e[Y`[X[US cgW USdWlUS VW Xad_Se' FSdS o^% Äâ eaU[S^We â Uaf[V[Sà% ^S Ua`hWdeSU[s` Ua`f[`gS_W`fW [`fWddg_b[VS kdWfa_SVS W`fdW âe _[W_Tdae VW ^S eaU[WVSV' Ba eaU[S^ We[VW`f[VSV% eW`f[Va% adYS`[lSU[s` VW ^S WjbWd[WÙ[S3 h[VSÅ% _[W`fdSecgW Ä^S eaU[WVSV We ^W`YgS\W Ud[efS^[lSVa W` eW_m`f[USe kbdSY_mf[USe% hSâdWe% àd_Se% _[fae k d[faeÅ' 7VW_me% bSdS:aàâ fS_T[o` ZSk g` [`fW`fa VW UaV[X[USU[s` k Va_Wef[USU[s`VW â eaU[S^ bad bSdfW VW^ ÉTgW` adVW`É% W` fS`fa Ä^S dSU[a`S^[lSU[s`k eaU[S^[lSU[s` Z[bWdfdsX[USe bdaVgUW` g`S YdS`V[aeS aTdS VWdW_aU[s` k VWeb^SlS_[W`fa VW â eaU[S^' Cme cgW dWbd[_[d% eW fdSfSVW Va_Wef[USd% SV_[`[efdSdÅ "*1#'

Ba TPDJBM baVdqS eWd Uaè[VWdSVa W`faÙWe Ua_a gègb^W_W`fa cgW ^S TPDJFEBE V[XqU[^_W`fW âYdS STeadTWd Ua_&b^WfS_W`fW W` ege m_T[fae [èf[fgU[a`S^We' IW bgWVW bWèSd% badW\W_bâ% W` hS`YgSdV[Se Sdfqef[USe% a W` Xad_Se àhWVaeSe VWdW^SU[a`S_[W`fa VW bSdW\S cgW `[ Ua[Ù[VW` Ua` ^S Ug^fgdS eaU[S^bdWVa_[`S`fW `[ ea` b^W`S_W`fW SV_[`[efdST^We W` ^Se dWVWe VWâe eSTWdWe VW [èf[fgU[a`We buT^[USe k bd[hSVSe "bad W^ dWY[efdaU[h[^% ^S ?Y^We[S% WfU'#' JS_T[o` USTdqS Uaè[VWdSd ^Se ÇXad_Se VWh[VSÉ [`fdaVgU[VSe W` ^Se bd[_WdSe WfSbSe VW ^Se WjbWd[WÙ[SeZ[bb[U% bg`] a XW_[`[efS% a W` ^Se fdSèYdWe[a`We S^ ÇTgW` adVW`ÉWh[VWÙ[SVSe W` ^S Wj[efWÙ[S VW TS`VSe \ghW`[^We% VW^ Uaèg_aVW _Sd[ZgS`S k S^gU[`sYWàe% VW ^S bdaef[fgU[s` k ^Se dW^SU[a`We

*1' 9Sd[a :aàâ% ÄS^Ya _me eaTdW W^ Sgfad[fSd[e_a ba^qf[Ua k eaU[S^Å% PQ% DJU%#

bb' .)% .+'

*)+

eWjgS^We bdW&_Sfd[_a`[S^We Va`VW W^^Se Wefo` bdaZ[T[VSe aUgWef[a`SVSe' ;` WefW eW`f[Va% FM UFSSJUPSJP EF MP TPDJBM" DPNP VOB

TVFSUF EF QFSJGFSJB JOUFSOB Z VCJDVB EF UPEB TPDJFEBE" _me S_b^[Sa _me dWVgU[VS W` âe V[ef[`fae USeae% Uaèf[fgkW g` WebSU[a VWWjbWd[_W`fSU[s` EFTUFSSJUPSJBMJ[BEP VW bgê[a`We [`àhSVadSe cgWVqS S VqS SbSdWUW` k VWeSbSdWUW` TS\a ^Se `Sd[UWe VW^ baVWd' ;eS^^q Va`VW bgWVW` [d egdY[W`Va k SYdgbm`VaeW âe XdSÙaf[dSVadWe%âe cgW eW W`da^S` W` g`S YgWdd[^^S S`s`[_S k W_bWU[`SVS WÙa`cg[efSd bWcgWrae WebSU[ae a NJDSPDMJNBT S^fWd`Sf[hae W` âeUgS^We S`[VSd% k W` W^ bdaUWea VW WeW SUU[a`Sd% [d fW\[W`Va kVWefW\[W`Va Uaf[V[S`S_W`fW XdSY_W`fae VW TPDJFEBE" dWfqUg^SeUSb[^SdWe VW ^S Ug^fgdS ba^qf[US k SebWUfae VW^ eW`f[Va Ua_u`Va_[`S`fW'

K`S UaèWUgWÙ[S VW WefS bWdebWUf[hS We W^ dWUaàU[_[W`faVW S^Ya eWÙ[^â bWda [_badfS`fW3 MPT M_NJUFT EF MB TPDJFEBE ZB OP

DPJODJEFO" P BM NFOPT OP DPJODJEFO OFDFTBSJBNFOUF" DPO MPT

M_NJUFT EF MP TPDJBM$ Fad g`S bSdfW% eW V[UW cgW â TPDJBM We W^WebSU[a gT[Uga VW â S^fWd`Sf[ha% k ^S TPDJFEBE W^ WebSU[aUaèb[Uga VW â [èf[fgU[a`S^[lSVa' ;` fS^ USea% ^S TPDJFEBE

SbSdWUWdqS Ua_a S`X[fd[s` VW â TPDJBM$ FWda bad afdS bSdfW% |cgoWe ^S TPDJFEBE" e[ à g` SdUZ[b[o^SYa VW dW^SU[a`We VW baVWdUd[efS^[lSVSe W` dW^SU[a`We% [VW`f[VSVWe% bdmUf[USe k dgf[`Se[èf[fgU[a`S^We cgW egdYW` Ua_a [e^Se W` W^ _Sd VW â TPDJBM) ;`WefW eWYg`Va USea% MB TPDJFEBE OP FT N\T RVF VOB EPNFTUJDBDJbO

FTQBDJBM" UFNQPSBM Z EFUFSNJOBEB EF VOB NBUFSJB NBMFBCMF( FT MP

SFTVMUBOUF EF VO USBCBKP TPCSF MB NBUFSJB EF MP TPDJBM$ IW VWeUgTdWSeq g`S bSdSVa\S cgW eadbdW`VW S^ aTeWdhSVad3 ^S XdSY[^[VSV VW âV[XWdW`fW cgW eW WeXgWdlS bad eaTdWh[h[d S`fW âe SUWUZae VW^ baVWdh[W`W SUa_bSrSVS bad g`S U[WdfS GSBHJMJEBE a [èWYgd[VSV VWâdVW`% cgW eW WeXgWdlS bad eaTdWh[h[d S`fW ^Se a^WSVSe dWTW^VWe W[`àhSVadSe VW^ _Sd VW â TPDJBM$

Ba TPDJBM à esâ WjUWVW ^S X[`[fgV VW g` adVW` [`SgYgdSVabad g`S ha^g`fSV VW baVWdqa% bad g` bdakWUfa dSU[a`S^[lSVad_SUdaeUsb[Ua cgW eW ZS Ua`hWdf[Va W` TPDJFEBE" e[à cgW% SVW_me%W^ WebSU[a [èf[fgU[a`S^ VW^ adVW` _[e_a Ua_[W`lS S eWd [`hSV[Va

*),

[_bWdUWbf[T^W_W`fW bad bdaUWeae USb[^SdWe cgW `[`Yu` bdakWUfabgWVW QSPHSBNBS a STSdUSd W` Xad_S WjZSgef[hS' |;e ^S TPDJFEBE

^S cgW STeadTW bad hqS VW^ fdSèXad_[e_a S Wefae Uaâàe àb^W`S_W`fW Va_Wef[USVae% a We SUSea S^ dWhoe% cgW â TPDJBM hSWdae[a`S`Va ^S UaV[X[USU[s` [èf[fgU[a`S^ VW^ baVWd6 O Sg`cgWWj[ef[WeW g`S QSPHSBNBDJbO USBOTGPSNJTUB Ua_a WefdSfWY[S VW^baVWd% |SUSea à eW hS _aV[X[US`Va fS_T[o` ^S [VW`f[VSV VW WeWQSPHSBNB W` W^ bdaUWea VW STeadU[s` VW â `gWha6 9a_a kS eWSVW^S`fs _me Sdd[TS% â TPDJBM T[W` baVdqS eWd g` fWdd[fad[a VWYWefSU[s` VW TPDJFEBE" VW UdWSU[s` VW eWY_W`fae VW TPDJFEBE$

7ZadS eW bgWVW SYdWYSd3 â TPDJBM fS_T[o` baVdqS eWd g` fWdd[fad[aVW YWefSU[s` VW WefdSfWY[Se VW dWe[efWÙ[S Ua`VgUW`fWe S Xad_SeS^fWd`Sf[hSe VW IBDFS TPDJFEBE$

&$ Fa^qf[US VW âe WebSU[ae ?3 >SUWd eaU[WVSV'

BS V[ef[Ù[s` eaU[WVSV(â eaU[S^ ba`W W` ^S _[dS VW âbae[T^W W^ bafWÙ[S^ W_SÙ[bSfad[a cgW bgWVW egdY[d VWeVW W^[`fWd[ad VW^ baVWd% S bWeSd VW^ UWdUa VW Ua`fda^ abdWe[ha ~k WàUSe[a`We% fS_T[o` dWbdWe[ha~ cgW f[W`VW W^ ÇTgW` adVW`ÉS^dWVWVad VW ege dWTW^VWe [_bW`[fW`fWe' BS QPM_UJDB EF MPT FTQBDJPT

VWe[Y`SdqS g` f[ba VW SUU[a`Sd WefdSfoY[Ua VW SUfadWe eaU[S^We cgW[`fW`fS` W^gV[d k dWhWdf[d ^S dWbdWe[s` WefSfS^ V[d[Y[VS S \[TSd[lSdâe WebSU[ae VW V[e[VWÙ[S buT^[US k SfdaX[Sd W^ XadfS^WU[_[W`fa aUdWU[_[W`fa Sgfsà_a VW g`S eaU[WVSV U[h[^% S ^S hWl cgWVWe[Y`SdqS g` SUU[a`Sd cgW fdSfS VW W^gV[d âe XdWàe W [`Z[T[U[a`WecgW W^ eW`f[Va Ua_u` [_bWdS`fW [_ba`W S â `gWha' 9aè[efW W`fa_Sd bad eadbdWeS S âe f[dSàe% S âe abdWeadWe k S ege XgWdlSe%ZSU[W`Va egdY[d S^fWd`Sf[hSe W` ^gYSdWe Va`VW à eW ^Se WebWdSTS%W` âe d[Ùa`We k b^[WYgWe eaU[W^S^We baUa Ua`fda^ST^We bad W^baVWd WefST^WU[Va'

;e W` Weae badae cgW eW hS fW\[W`Va W^ b^gdS^ VW V[eUgdeaeVW ^Se haUWe VW âe cgW ZS` e[Va bd[hSVae VW hal% cgW eW hSà_TdS`Va ^Se UaeSe [`à_TdST^We% cgW eW hS` Ua`X[YgdS`Vxea^[VSd[VSVWe% SX[d_S`Va bae[U[a`We k bWèS`Va bSgfSe VW SUU[s`'

*)-

BS ba^qf[US VW âe WebSU[ae [`fW`fS SYSddSd bad eadbdWeS S^ f[dSàa S^ eW`f[Va Ua_u`% abWdS`Va g`S egWdfW VW VWeb^SlS_[W`fa VWâe fWddWàe Ua`hWÙ[a`S^We VW ^gUZS% VW Xad_SU[s` VW [VW`f[VSVWeeaU[S^We% Ug^fgdS^We a ba^qf[USe3 ZST[fgSVae S^ bSdSV[Y_S WefSfS^ VW^S ba^qf[US% k S àU[a`We UW`fdSVSe k UWddSVSe VW ^S fafS^[VSV eaU[S^%âe VWfW`fSVadWe VW^ baVWd f[W`VW` S WebWdSd ^Se dWe[efWÙ[Se S egVa_[`[a W` fWddWàe WefST^WU[Vae bad V[UZa _aVa VW bWèSd ^STPDJFEBE$

BS ba^qf[US VW âe WebSU[ae [`fW`fS Uaèfdg[d g` WebSU[a VWâ U[h[^ S^^q Va`VW W^ SUaea fdSfS VW WefdS`Yg^Sd faVS Sgfaà_qS3[`fW`fS Uaèfdg[d ÇTgWàe sdVW`WeÉ ^gUZS`Va S^ [`fWd[ad _[e_a VW^baVWd' ;` bSqeWe Ua_a 9Z[^W% 7dYW`f[`S a 8dSe[^% Va`VW ^SeV[UfSVgdSe _[^[fSdWe ^S`lSda` aXWè[hSe bSdS VWeWefdgUfgdSd âeWebSU[ae [èf[fgU[a`S^We VW [`fWdUS_T[a k VW ^gUZS eaU[S^% ^SeXgWdlSe eaU[S^We XgWda` fa_SVSe Ua` ^S YgSdV[S TS\S k cgWVSdaè[` USbSU[VSV VW dWebgWefS3 à UaàUqS` afdS Xad_S VW abWdSd' FWdaS^ baUa f[W_ba eW Ua_W`lSda` S YW`WdSd dWebgWefSe JOWJTJCMFT'

Se[efWÙ[S S _[eSe% Za_[^qSe k SUf[h[VSVWe adYS`[lSVSe bad âeVWbSdfS_W`fae VW bSefadS^ eaU[S^ VW ^S [Y^We[S4 Xad_SU[s` VWSYdgbSU[a`We Xa^]^sd[USe% _ge[US^We k Ug^fgdS^We Ua_a _aVae VW`gU^WSd S V[e[VW`fWe e[` hal4 Se[efWÙ[S S bWrSe k USXo&UaÙWdf%aTdSe VW fWSfda% ^WUfgdSe VW baWeqSe a fS^^WdWe ^[fWdSd[ae Va`VW eWbaVqS Ud[f[USd S^ adVW` [_bWdS`fW S fdShoe VW ^W`YgS\We S^fS_W`fW_WfSXsd[Uae4 Xad_SU[s` VW U[dUg[fae g`[hWde[fSd[ae VOEFSHSPVOE

S`fW W^ Ua`fda^ VW^ Ua`fW`[Va Ugdd[Ug^Sd VW USddWdSe fS^We Ua_aeaU[aâYqS% X[âeaXqS% be[UaS`m^[e[e k WUaà_qS ba^qf[US3 eW_[`S&d[ae% Ydgbae VW V[eUge[s` k ^WUfgdS BE#IPD VWebSddS_SVae W` USeSek VWbSdfS_W`fae bSdS SUUWVWd S fW_Se k VWTSfWe cgW ^S Xad_SU[s`SUSVo_[US [èf[fgU[a`S^ à WefSTS bdWbSdSVS `[ V[ebgWefS S aXdWUWd';` dWeg_[VSe UgW`fSe% WefSe dWebgWefSe JOWJTJCMFT Uaèf[fgqS`[`fW`fae bad SbdahWUZSd WebSU[ae OFVUSBMFT" SUf[hm`Vaâe eaU[S^&_W`fW bSdS [`fWdhW`[d( bdafWefSd( hW`f[^Sd XdgefdSU[a`We S`fW ^SSgeWÙ[S VW SdW`Se buT^[USe [èf[fgU[a`S^[lSVSe cgW bWd_[f[WeW`ZSUWdâ'

;efSe dWebgWefSe bd[_[f[hSe Ua`VgUW` S [`àhSU[a`We k S

*).

fdSèXad_SU[a`We VgdSVWdSe eaâ W` ^S _WV[VS W` cgW âe XW`s_W&àe Uaèf[fgf[hae VW ^S V[hWde[VSV à_mV[US VW â TPDJBM fdSèU[W`&VW` g`S Wj[efWÙ[S cgW VWbW`VW VW eg ZST[^[VSV bSdS WeUSbSd aW^gV[d âe Umà`We VW Va_Wef[USU[s` [_bgWefae bad W^ ÇTgW` adVW`ÉVW ^S TPDJFEBE$ BS bae[T[^[VSV VW IBDFS TPDJFEBE S bSdf[d VW fS^WeXW`s_Wàe W_WdYW VW â TPDJBM W` W^ _a_W`fa W` cgW W^ WeUSbWVWh[W`W dWe[efWÙ[S% hS^W VWU[d% W` W^ _a_W`fa W` cgW kS à eWUa`Xad_S` fS` eaâ Ua` W^gV[d W^ baVWd bSdS eaTdWh[h[d W` ege_mdYW`We% k VWU[VW` W`XdW`fSdâ W` ^gUZSe cgW TgeUS` SX[d_SdfS`fa ^Se [VW`f[VSVWe a ÉXad_Se VW h[VSÉ S^fWd`Sf[hSe Ua_a Se[_[e&_a âe WebSU[ae g sdVW`We `WUWeSd[ae bSdS eg VWeW`ha^h[_[W`fa';` afdSe bS^STdSe% We _gk U[Wdfa cgW S^Yg`Se fdSeXad_SU[a`WebgWVW` eWd Xad\SVSe S fdShoe VW g` bWd_S`W`fW à_SV[e_a W` W^b^Sà VW â TPDJBM" WebWU[S^_W`fW W` â cgW dWebWUfS S ^S Ug^fgdSk eW`f[Va Ua_u` VW g`S TPDJFEBE" bWda bSdS âYdSd ^S bWd_S`WÙ[SVW ÉUaâ`[SeÉ VW â S^fWd`Sf[ha% W` S^Yu` _a_W`fa ^Se bgê[a`WedWTW^VWe VWTW` Ua`Xad_Sd eSTWdWe WefdSfoY[Uae cgW S`[_W` S`gWhSe ha^g`fSVWe VW baVWdqa bSdS Ua`cg[efSd WebSU[ae SUafSVae%bSdS _aV[X[USd eWY_W`fae VW TPDJFEBE$

.% AWTc[RLJ MN TWZ NZXJLRWZ ;;0 AWTc[RLJ _ DWLRNMJM

;e Wh[VW`fW cgW ^S Xad_S VW ZSUWd eaU[WVSV cgW eWVWebdW`VW VW ^S fWe[e SUWdUS VW ^S V[ef[Ù[s` TPDJFEBE%MP TPDJBM eWS^W\S VW ^S fdSV[U[s` ZWdWVSVS VW^ _aVWâ VW eaTWdS`qS WefSfS^ VW8aV[` a >aTTWe% VW ^S UaÙWbU[s` ZWYW^[S`S VW ^S fafS^[VSV eaU[SÛWddSVS k UW`fdSVS% k VW WefdSfWY[Se VW ^gUZS eWYg[VSe bad ^STgdYgWeqS dWha^gU[a`Sd[S XdSÙWeS' 7cgq eW b^S`fWS ^S bae[T[^[VSVVW bWèSd ^gUZSe VW_aUdmf[USe dW^Sf[hS_W`fW Sgfsà_Se W`fdW eq%^gUZSe SUafSVSe cgW à VWbW`VW` VW ^S fdSèXad_SU[s` YâTS^ VW^baVWd W` g`S eaU[WVSV Ua_a Ua`V[U[s` bdWh[S k `WUWeSd[S bSdSeg XSUf[T[^[VSV' 9a` W^â à eW bdWfW`VW `WYSd cgW ^Se Xad_Se VWW\WdU[U[a VW^ baVWd W` g`S eaU[WVSV f[W`VW` S Sdf[Ug^SdeW W` g`S_Sfd[l YW`WdS^% hS^W VWU[d% S [èUd[T[deW W` g`S UaV[X[USU[s`WefdSfoY[US VW oefW' JS_baUa eW bdWfW`VW `WYSd ^S [_badfSÙ[S VW^

*)/

dWXWdW`fW WefSfS^ a VW âe SUfadWe bSdf[VSd[ae W` ^S VWfWd_[`SU[s`VW âe Ua`fadàe VW g` fWddWà ba^qf[Ua' 7`fWe T[W`% eW fdSfS VWWjbâdSd Xad_Se VW ZSUWd eaU[WVSV ~k badcgo à% fS_T[o` VWZSUWd ba^qf[US% â cgW BWUZ`Wd VWà_[`S bdaVgUU[s` VW `gWhaeadVW`We k eg\Wfae ba^qf[Uae "*2#~ S bSdf[d VW g`S fWe[e cgWUa`\gYS% W` U[Wdfa _aVa% S =dS_eU[ k S <agUSg^f% S ^S YgWddS VWbae[U[a`We k ^S _[UdaXqe[US VW^ baVWd' ;^â Ua`fd[Tg[dqS S VSd g`WefSfgfa ba^qf[Ua S Xad_Se VW [`fWdhWÙ[s` eaU[S^ cgW eW gT[US`XgWdS VW^ WebSU[a U^me[Ua VW ^S ba^qf[US "WefSVa% bSdf[Vae#% k cgWbdWfW`VW` ^^WhSd S USTa fdSèXad_SU[a`We VW_aUdmf[USe TS\a Wê[Yà VW ^S Sgfaà_qS% TS\a W^ e[Yà VW^ OPNPT a ^Wk YW`WdSVSbad ^S SUf[h[VSV WXWUf[hS VW Za_TdWe k _g\WdWe'

BS ba^qf[US VW âe WebSU[ae% fS_T[o` Ua_a Xad_S VW ZSUWdba^qf[US% dWeba`VW S g` W^W_W`fa Xg`VS_W`fS^ VW ^S DPOEJDJbO

QPTNPEFSOB" ^S VWeUa`X[S`lS ZSU[S bdakWUfae HMPCBMFT W` fadàS ^S fdSèXad_SU[s` VW^ WefSVa k ^S eaU[WVSV% k bad â _[e_a% ZSU[S^S QPM_UJDB UPUBM VW âe _ah[_[W`fae k bSdf[Vae ba^qf[UaefdSV[U[a`S^We' BS dWUaèfdgUU[s` VW g` [_SY[`Sd[a bSdS ^S SUU[sèaU[S^ k ba^qf[US SUadVW Ua` ^Se VW_S`VSe VW WefW bae_aVW_[e_a%Ua`^^WhS bd[h[^WY[Sd â dW^Sf[ha% âe eWY_W`fae V[eUa`f[`gae k âeWebSU[ae SUafSVae S`fWe cgW â STea^gfa% ^Se ^[`WS^[VSVWe Ua`f[`gSek ^Se fafS^[VSVWe a_`[Ua_bdWè[hSe' FWda fS_T[o` eW SbdWU[S g`SfW`VWÙ[S `WYSf[hS W` ^S Udqf[US VW ^S ba^qf[US fafS^ bad bSdfW VWâe Udqf[Uae VW ^S _aVWd`[VSV% bad âe OVFWPT TVKFUPT cgW eWbdWaUgbS` bad ^S Sgfaà_qS% ^S VW_aUdSU[S k ^Se ÇXad_Se VW h[VSÉWjU^ge[hS_W`fW S `[hW^ VW â _[UdaXqe[Ua'

7 _aVa VW UaÙ^ge[s`% eW bgWVW` _WÙ[a`Sd Vae UgWe&f[a`We VW Xa`Va cgW VWTWdm` eWd fW`[VSe W` UgW`fS bSdS bWèSd âe[`fW`fae VW dWXg`VSU[s` VW g` [_SY[`Sd[a Ua^WUf[ha% USbSl VWbda_ahWd ^S dWS`gVSU[s` VW^ ZST^S [`fWddg_b[VS W`fdW W^ Webqd[fgâUS^[efS VW ^S obaUS SUfgS^ k âe S`ZWâe YâTS^[lSVadWe VW ^SUaèU[WÙ[S ZWdWVSVS'

*2' DadTWdf BWUZ`Wd% Ä;ebWU[X[US`Va ^S ba^qf[USÅ k ÄBS ^gUZS bad W^ adVW`Å%S_Tae W` 6B DPOGMJDUJWB Z OVODB BDBCBEB DPOTUSVDDJaO EFM PSEFO EFTFBEP#

;V[U[a`We 7[`Sh[^â% <B79IE% IS`f[SYa% *21-'

*)0

K`S VW WefSe UgWef[a`We% W_[`W`fW_W`fW QPM_UJDB" We ^S`WUWe[VSV VW egbWdSd âe bW^[Ydae VW g`S hWfS bafWÙ[S^_W`fWVWe_ah[^[lSVadS% Ua_a Se[_[e_a ^Se fdS_bSe dWeg^fS`fWe VW g`SVWeUa`X[S`lS VaY_mf[US ZSU[S âe bdakWUfae VW fdSèXad_SU[s`YâTS^ k ZSU[S ^S ba^qf[US bSdf[VSd[S W` YW`WdS^' ;^ d[WeYa VW gÙ[Wdfa `[Z[^[e_a bSdS^[lSVad VW ^S SUU[s` eW VWTWdqS% W` YdS`_WV[VS% S [Ùa_bdWè[a`We dWeg^fS`fWe VW ^S Xad_S W` cgW eW ZSWÙSdSVa ^S Udqf[US VW hSâdWe STea^gfae a fdSèUW`VW`fS^We k VWe[efW_Se UWddSVae' JaVS hWl cgW eW US[YS W` W^ Wddad VW bWèSd^S [VWS `[WfleUZUS`S VW^ aUSea VW âe qVaâe Ua_a GJOBM

DBUBTUSbGJDP VW faVa hSâd W` hWl VW Ua_a SFDPNQPTJDJbO VWhSâdWe W` U^ShW à b^Sfs`[US% à ZWYW^[S`S k à fdSeUW`VW`fS^%egdYW W^ bdaT^W_S VW^ VWeUdW[_[W`fa W` ^S bWdf[`WÙ[S VW g`SaT^[YSU[s` egbdS&bWdea`S^ a W` ^S WXWUf[h[VSV VW g` SUU[a`SdUa^WUf[ha' IW fdSfSdqS VW g`S dW^Sf[h[lSU[s` W` WjUWea% cgW fWd_[`S`WYS`Va faVS S^fWd`Sf[hS eaU[S^ Ua^WUf[hS' ;^â VWTW eWd dWbWèSVaUg[VSVaeS_W`fW'

;` UgS`fa S ^S SUf[fgV ZSU[S ^S ba^qf[US fafS^% W^ dWb^[WYgWZSU[S g` U[Wdfa NPWJNJFOUJTNP" ZSU[S g`S bae[U[s` VW TuecgWVSVW fdSèXad_SU[a`We âUS^We k VW dWeg^fSVae UaÙdWfae S fdShoe VW^S [`[U[Sf[hS k ^S bSdf[U[bSU[s` VW âe bdab[ae [`fWdWeSVae W` WeaeUS_T[ae% cgW SUfuS` W` Ydgbae bWcgWrae a W` ùU^Wae SUafSVaeS^ [`fWd[ad VW _ah[_[W`fae _me S_b^[ae% ZS bWd_[f[Va dWhSâd[lSdXad_Se VW W\WdU[U[a VW ^S VW_aUdSU[S V[dWUfS k VW ^S Sgfaà_qSW` W^ b^Sà VW ^S h[VS Uaf[V[S`S' BS WXWUf[h[VSV VW WefSe SUU[a`WeZS bgWefa W` Wh[VWÙ[S ^S V[efSÙ[S Wj[efW`fW W`fdW ^S YW`fW Ua_u`%Ua` ege `WUWe[VSVWe k bdaT^W_Se [`_WV[Sfae% k âe bdaXWe[a`S^WeVW ^S ba^qf[US% Ua` ege bdabgWefSe k bda_WeSe W^WUfadS^We YW`WdS^Wek ege SUgWdVae Ugbg^SdWe'

FWda% S^ _[e_a f[W_ba% ^S XdSY_W`fSU[s` VW ^S SUU[s`_ah[_W`^[efS b^S`fWS W^ bdaT^W_S VW ^S WX[USU[S VW ^S [`fWdhWÙ[sÙgS`Va ^Se fdSèXad_SU[a`We W` Uaè[VWdSU[s` ea` _me S_b^[Se kdWcg[WdW` g` SUU[a`Sd eaefW`[Va W` W^ f[W_ba% â UgS^ esâ dWeg^fSbae[T^W e[ eW UgW`fS Ua` adYS`[lSU[a`We Ua_b^W\Se VWV[USVSe S ^S[`hWef[YSU[s` VW bdaT^W_Se% S ^S W^STadSU[s` VW bdabgWefSe% S ^S

*)1

US`S^[lSU[s` VW VW_S`VSe k S ^S Ua`VgUU[s` VW g`S ^gUZS W`Xad_S Ua`f[`gS' ;efa% bSdS T[W` a bSdS _S^% e[Y`[X[US cgW ^S^WY[f[_[VSV VW^ fWddWà VW ^S SUU[s` ba^qf[Ua&bSdf[VSd[S à VWTWeWd f[^VSVS _WUm`[US k VaY_mf[US_W`fW [`SV_[e[T^W% k cgWfS_T[o` We [`Wh[fST^W dWUaàUWd cgW W` aUSe[a`We% âe bdakWUfaeVW fdSèXad_SU[s` YW`WdS^ VW g`S FDPOPN_B VW baVWd k Va_[&`SU[s` ~WebWU[S^_W`fW e[ eW fdSfS VW ^S V[ekg`f[hS W`fdW ^SUa`f[`g[VSV VW g`S V[UfSVgdS k ^S [èfSgdSU[s` VW g`S VW_a&UdSU[S~ à ea` QSJNB GBDJF [`SUWbfST^We bad W^ eaâ ZWUZa VW[`ha^gUdSd S^ m_T[fa ba^qf[Ua&WefSfS^'

FWda WefW dWUaàU[_[W`fa esâ bgWVW aUgdd[d S Ua`V[U[s`cgW ^S fdSV[U[s` ba^qf[Ua&bSdf[VSd[S dWh[eW k _aV[X[cgW egefS`&U[S^_W`fW ege bdab[Se ad[W`fSU[a`We% fS`fa bSdS ba`WdeW S ^S S^fgdSVW âe dWcgWd[_[W`fae VW ^S obaUS Ua_a bSdS VWe_a`fSd ^S TSddWdSVW VWeUa`X[S`lS cgW ^S S^W\S VW âe `gWhae eg\Wfae% [`[U[Sf[hSe k_ah[_[W`fae eaU[S^We' ;^â [_b^[USdqS% W`fdW afdSe UaeSe% cgW`[`Yu` bdakWUfa VW fdSèXad_SU[a`We YW`WdS^We bgWVW eWd bWèSVaW` TSeW S g`S bdabgWefS _aà&^sY[US% Za_aYW`W[lSVS bad ^SeSeb[dSU[a`We VW g` Ydgba% U^SeW% bSdf[Va a _ah[_[W`fa cgW eWbdaU^S_S S eq _[e_a badfSVad VW^ VWeWa ^[TWdfSd[a k Ua`VgUfad VW^Se fSdWSe ^[TWdfSd[Se VW^ SdUZ[b[o^SYa VW [VW`f[VSVWe% Xad_Se VWh[VS% _[UdaU^[_Se VW dW^SU[a`We a _aVS^[VSVWe VW dWe[efWÙ[S S ^SVa_[`SU[s` k ^S abdWe[s`' BS gfabqS dSU[a`S^[efS VW W_SÙ[bSU[s`Zg_S`S fafS^ S fdShoe VW g` u`[Ua bSdf[Va a _ah[_[W`fa% W` gù`[Ua Ya^bW VW _Sà USbSl VW dWha^gU[a`Sd ^S h[VS Uaf[V[S`S% eWhW aT^[YSVS S UWVWd W^ bSea S g` STS`[Ua VW gfabqSe ^[TWdfSd[SeâUS^We% cgW Ua`^^WhS` ^gUZSe bWd_S`W`fWe k Ua`cg[efSe bafW`&U[S^_W`fW dWhWde[T^We% UaZWe[a`SVSe S^ [`fWd[ad VW VO QSPZFDUP

CBTBEP FO FM QSJODJQJP EF BSUJDVMBDJbO RVF SFTQFUF B MP EJGFSFOUF

BOUFT RVF FO VOB GVTJbO RVF SFEV[DB MB EJGFSFODJB B VOB JEFOUJEBE

EF MP VOP P MP NJTNP$ IW fdSfSdqS VW g`S ba^qf[US bSdf[VSd[S Xg`VSVSW` g`S NJDSPG_TJDB EF VUPQ_BT cgW [_bd[_W g` _Sf[l dW^Sf[h[lSVadS ^Se h[W\Se fWe[e VW ^S ba^qf[US fafS^3 WefS u^f[_S% [VWS&XgWdlS VWhS`YgSdV[Se dWha^gU[a`Sd[Se [dd[fSVSe bad ^S dW`gWÙ[S VW ^Se_SeSe S STdSlSd ege [VWSe VW^ _[^W`[a W_SÙ[bSVad% eW VWe_ada`S

*)2

baUa S baUa S _WV[VS cgW eW [_bgY`S faVS S_T[U[s` VW US`S^[lSda YaTWd`Sd W` Xad_S g`[V[dWUU[a`S^ S^ b^gdS^ VW XaUae VWeVW Va`VWeW YW`WdS` VW_S`VSe VW dWXad_Se bSdU[S^We% bgê[a`We Ua`fWefS&fSd[Se a ^gUZSe ^[TWdfSd[Se' ;efa [_b^[US% Ua_a eW bgWVW SbdWU[Sd%g`S [ÙadbadSU[s` VW ^Se dSU[a`S^[VSVWe SUafSVSe a eSTWdWe We&bWU[S^We S^ fWddWà VW^ bWèS_[W`fa k ^S SUU[s` ba^qf[Ua&bSdf[VSd[S'

K`S ha^g`fSV ba^qf[US cgW SUWbfW WefS dWh[e[s` dSV[US^ VWege ad[W`fSU[a`We VWTW [_bgêSd ^Se _ah[^[lSU[a`We Sgfsà_SecgW eW YW`WdS` W` âe Taêa`We k d[Ùa`We cgW ^Se bdWfWè[a`WebS`sbf[USe VW ^S _[dSVS VW^ baVWd à âYdS Ua`fda^Sd b^W`S_W`fW%bgWe We S^^q Va`VW ^Se `gWhSe ha^g`fSVWe Ua`fWefSfSd[Se hSègdY[W`Va' 7^ _[e_a f[W_ba% VWTW SbdahWUZSd k WjbS`V[d WefWbafWÙ[S^ fdSèXad_SVad bdaba`[W`Va bdakWUfae VW Sdf[Ug^SU[s`Zad[la`fS^ k aXdWU[o`VaeW Ua_a WebSU[a% US`S^ k _WV[a bSdS ^SUa`f[`g[VSV VW ^S ^gUZS'

**)

# $#%"& !#'

***

7^fZgeeWd% Bag[e% /SFVE Z 5BDBO" 9gSVW_ae VW 7`SYdS_S%8SdUWâ`S% *20)'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % ÄJWe[e VW 7_[WèÅ "*20.#%-JBM^DUJDB Dw ,% \g^[a *200% dWh[efS VW ^S XSUg^fSV VW <[â&eaXqS k BWfdSe% K`[hWde[VSV 7gfsà_S VW FgWT^S% Coj[Ua'

7^hSkSk% HaVd[Ya% ÄCSdj[e_a k VW_aUdSU[S3 W`fdWh[efSUa` ;d`Wefa BSU^Sg k 9ZS`fS^ CagXXWÅ% 8QDJPOFT Dw -%IS`f[SYa% eWf[W_TdW&V[U[W_TdW *21-'

7dV[f[% 8W`\S_q`% ÄFaVWd% adVW` ba^qf[Ua k ^S UgWef[s` VW&_aUdmf[USÅ% :aUg_W`fa VW JdSTS\a Dw 2% 9W`fda VW :aUg&_W`fSU[s` k ;efgV[ae "9:;#% 7egÙ[s`% XWTdWda *210'

8SUZW^SdV% =Sefs`% 5B GPSNBDJbO EFM FTQ_SJUV DJFOU_GJDP

"*2,1#% I[Yâ NN?% Coj[Ua% *21*'

9SUU[Sd[% CSee[_a% ÄFdaYWffaÅ% 5BCPSBUPSJP 9PM_UJDP Dw +%CSdla&7bd[^W *21*% bb' 11&**2'

9SUU[Sd[% CSee[_a k <dSÙ]% =[adY[a% Ä9a_a =ahW_SdW^S =dS`VW Ç9[ffSÉ VWY^[ IbWU[S^[e_[Å% ,S_UJDB 6BSYJTUB ,(*21*% Ha_S% bb' 0*&1-'

9S^VWds`% <Wd`S`Va k :ae IS`fae% CSd[a H'% ÄCah[_[W`faeeaU[S^We k YWefSU[s` VW Ug^fgdS ba^qf[US' FSgfSe VW g`S[`fWddaYSU[s`Å% W` BWUZ`Wd% DadTWdf "Ua_b[^SVad#% ,VMUVSB

QPM_UJDB Z EFNPDSBUJ[BDJbO" <B79IE(9B79IE(?9?% IS`&f[SYa% *210% bb' *12&*2/'

9aZ`&8W`V[f% :S`[W^ k IShSfWd% <Wd`S`Va ÄFaô_[US W`fdW9aZ`&8W`V[f k IShSfWdÅ% /JO EF ;JHMP Dw ,% 8gWàe 7[dWe%eWf[W_TdW *210% bb' ,)&,,'

9aâ_Wd% @aeWb CSdqS k <âdWe% FSaâ% ÄCaVWd`[VSV%gf[^[fSd[e_a% VW_aUdSU[SÅ% 5FUSB 2OUFSOBDJPOBM Dw 0%CSVd[V% afara *210% bb' -/&.)'

**,

9a_^W&Iba`h[^^W% 7`VdW% Ä;^ TgWà% W^ _Sâ k W^_[^[fS`fWÅ% 5FUSB 2OUFSOBDJPOBM Dw .% CSVd[V% bd[_ShWdS*210% bb' *.&+*'

9aabWd% :Sh[V% 5B HSBN\UJDB EF MB WJEB "*20-#% 7d[W^%8SdUWâ`S% *201'

9daUW% 8W`WVWffa% .UJDB QPM_UJDB "*2+1#% ;V[U[a`We ?_m`%8gWàe 7[dWe% *2.+'

:W 9Sefda 7`VdSVW% HWY[e% ÄB[TWdfSV [`fW^WUfgS^ kVW_aUdSU[SÅ% -BWJE Z 0PMJBUI 7ra NL% Dw -1% 8gWàe7[dWe% àh[W_TdW *21.% bb' .+&.2'

:W 9UdfWSg% C[UZW^% ÄE` fZW Ebbae[f[a`S^ FdSUf[UWe aX;hWdkVSk ^[XWÅ% ;PDJBM <FYU Dw ,% <S^^ *21)% bb' -&-,' !

:W =[ahS``[% 8[SY[a% Ä9d[e[ W ^WY[ff[_Sl[a`W VW^â efSfaÅ%,SJUJDB 6BSYJTUB /(*202% Ha_S% bb' /2&10'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&% ÄCSdj[e_a k WefSVaÅ% :FWJTUB *" La^'??% Dw ,% Coj[Ua :'<'% _Ska & SYaefa *21*% bb' 2&-/'

:W ?ba^S% ;_[^[a k FadfS`f[Wda% @gS` 9Sdâe% Ä9d[e[e eaU[S^k bSUfa VW_aUdmf[UaÅ% 9VOUP EF >JTUB" 7ra L??% Dw +*%8gWàe 7[dWe% SYaefa *21-% bb' *,&+)'

:W ^S 8aUf[W% ;f[W``W% .M EJTDVSTP EF MB TFSWJEVNCSF

WPMVOUBSJB "*.-1#% JgecgWfe ;V[fadWe% 8SdUWâ`S% *21)'

:W^WglW% =[^^We% ÄDa_SV JZagYZfÅ "*20,#% ;FNJPUFYU "W#La^' ???% Dw *% DWi Oad]% *210% bb' *+&+*'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % ÄHW[h[`V[USU[s` VW ^S X[âeaXqSÅ .M >JFKP

<PQP Dw .+% 8SdUWâ`S% W`Wda *21*'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % /PVDBVMU "*21/#% FS[Vse IfgV[a% 8gWàe7[dWe% *210'

:Wdd[VS% @SUcgWe% 9PTJDJPOFT" ;V[fad[S^ FdW~JWjfae% LS&^WÙ[S% *200'

**-

:WeUa_TWe% L[ÙW`f% 6PEFN /SFODI 9I`MPTPQIZ" 9S_&Td[VYW K`[hWde[fk FdWee% ;`Y^S`V% *21)'

:aàâ% 9Sdâ% ÄIaU[S^WÅ% 5BCPSBUPSJP 9PMJUJDP S`à ??% Dw*% =W``S[a&<WTTdS[a *21+% bb' *),&*+)'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % Ä7^Ya _me eaTdW W^ Sgfad[fSd[e_a ba^qf[Uak eaU[S^Å "*21*#% W` 5PT M_NJUFT EF MB EFNPDSBDJB La^' +%hSd[ae SgfadWe% 8[T^[afWUS VW 9[WÙ[Se IaU[S^We% 9B79IE%8gWàe 7[dWe% *21.% bb' -0&/)'

:aàâ% 9Sd[a k <[UZWdS% <dSÙa% Ä:S^^S =ahWd`ST[^[fnS^^É[`àhSl[a`W Fa^qf[USÅ% C[_Wa% 9a`hWYà ?IIE9E%Jad[à% *.&*2 :[U[W_TdW *21*'

:gea% =[geeWbW% ÄHSl[a`S^[fn W :WU[e[a`W3 ^S FdaVgff[h[fnVW^^S 9a`fdSVV[l[a`WÅ% W` ?FCFS' :B[JPOBMJU] F 9PM_UJDB"

Ua_b[^SVa bad =' :gea% 7deW`S^W 9aabWdSf[hS ;V[fd[UW%LW`Wl[S% *21)'

;à% 8d[S`% W`fdWh[efS W` 4FZCPBSE" @g^k *21*% bb' -+&//'

;eUaZafSVa% 7`fa`[a% -F QIJTJT B QPMJT$ 5B FWPMVDJbO EFM

QFOTBNJFOUP GJMPTcGJDP HSJFHP EF <BMFT B ;bDSBUFT" 7`S&YdS_S% 8SdUWâ`S% *20.'

;hWde% J[^_S`% Ä?VW`f[VSVW3 S XSUW aUg^fS Vae àhae_ah[_W`fae eaU[S[eÅ% 7PWPT .TUVEPT 9;8H7F% La^ +% Dw-% ISa FSgâ% STd[^ *21-% bb' **&+,'

<[`]% ;gYW`% 5B GJMPTPGJB EF 7JFU[TDIF "*2/)#% 7^[S`lS;V[fad[S^% CSVd[V% *2//'

<agUSg^f% C[UZW^% 5B BSRVFPMPH_B EFM TBCFS "*2/2#% I[YâNN?% CWj[Ua% *202'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % .M PSEFO EFM EJTDVSTP "*20)#% JgecgWfe;V[fadWe% 8SdUWâ`S% *20,'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % >JHJMBS Z DBTUJHBS "*20.# I[Yâ NN?%Coj[Ua% *20/'

**.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % 1JTUPSJB EF MB ;FYVBMJEBE" La^' * "*20/#%I[Yâ NN?% Coj[Ua% *200'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % 6JDSPG_TJDB EFM QPEFS "*200#% ;V[fad[S^BS F[cgWfS% CSVd[V% *210'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % ÄJZW IgT\WUf S`V FaiWdÅ% W` >gTWdf:dWkXge S`V FSg^ HST[ài% 6JDIFM /PVDBVMU' +FZPOE

;USVDUVSBMJTN BOE 1FSNFOFVUJDT" >SdhWefWd FdWee%8d[YZfa`% ;`Y^S`V% *21+'

<dWg`V% @g^[W`% ÄLgW :É;èW_T^W egd BÉEWghdW VW 9SdÎUZ_[ffÅ% :FWVF .VSPQ^FOF EFT ;DJFODFT ;PDJBMFT" La^'NL?% Dw --% 8dgeW^Se% *210'

=WadYW% <dSÙa[e% ÄE` 9a`fdSV[Uf[a`Å% <FMPT Dw ,/%Ig__Wd *201% bb' ..&1)'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % ÄJZW BWYW`V aX 9a__g`[e_Å%;PDJBM :FTFBSDI La^ -2% Dw +% DWi Oad]% Ig__Wd *21+'

>abW`ZSk`% CSdf[`% ÄC[UZW^ <agUSg^f3 baVWd%Ua`V[U[a`S_[W`faÅ% -BWJE Z 0PMJBUI" 7ra NL?% Dw .)%8gWàe 7[dWe% :[U[W_TdW *21/% bb' -1&.*'

AWêW`% >Sè% Ä<ad_SU[s` VW ^S ha^g`fSV W` ^S VW_aUdS&U[SÅ "*2+2#% W` Agdf BW`] k <dS`l DWg_S``"Ua_b[^SVadWe#% <FPS_B Z TPDJPMPH_B DS_UJDB EF MPT QBSUJEPT

QPM_UJDPT "*2/1#% 7`SYdS_S% 8SdUWâ`S% *21)'

AgZ`% JZa_Se I'% 5B FTUSVDUVSB EF MBT SFWPMVDJPOFT

DJFOU_GJDBT "*20)% *2/+#% <a`Va VW 9g^fgdS ;Ua`s_[US%Coj[Ua% *20*'

BSU^Sg% ;d`Wefa% ÄJdSèXad_Sll[a`W W JWadqS VW^ IaYWffaÅ%C[_Wa% K`[hWde[fk aX ;eeWj% ;`Y^S`V% *21*'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % ÄJZW ?_baee[T[^[fk aX IaU[WfkÅ%,BOBEJBO 3PVSOBM PG 9PMJUJDBM BOE ;PDJBM <IFPSZ" La^' L??%Dw *&+% M[`fWd&Ibd[`Y *21,'

**/

BSU^Sg% ;d`Wefa k CagXXW% 9ZS`fS^% 1FHFNPOZ BOE

;PDJBMJTU ;USBUFHZ' <PXBSET B :BEJDBM -FNPDSBUJD 9PMJUJDT"

DWi BWXf 8aa]e% Ba`Va`% *21.'

BWSdk% J[_afZk% Ä9kTWdbg`]eÅ% ;QJO" 7bd[^ *210% bb'12&2,'

BWUZÙd% DadTWdf% 5B DPOGMJDUJWB Z OVODB BDBCBEB DPOT#

USVDDJbO EFM PSEFO EFTFBEP" ;V[U[a`We 7[`Sh[^â% <B79&IE% IS`f[SYa% *21-'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&% ÄFSUfa eaU[S^ àe bdaUWeeae VWVW_aUdSf[lSUSa3 S WjbWd[WÙ[S BSf[à&7_Wd[US`SÅ% 7PWPT

.TUVEPT 9;8H7F% Dw *,% ISa FSgâ% agfgTda *21.% bb'+2&*-'

BWh[% 8Wd`SdV&>W`d[% Ä;^ e[efW_S <agUSg^fÅ "*20.# W`:a_[`[cgW =d[ea`[ "Ua_b[^SVad#% 9PM_UJDBT EF MB GJMPTPG_B"

<a`Va VW 9g^fgdS ;Ua`s_[US% Coj[Ua% *21+% bb' +))&+**'

B[UZfW[_% =WadYW% <IF ,PODFQU PG 2EFPMPHZ BOE 8UIFS

.TTBZT" DWi Oad]% L[`fSYW 8aa]e% *2/0'

BkafSdV% @WS`&<dSÙa[e% -SJGUXPSLT" IW_[afWjf"W#% DWiOad]% *21-'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&% 5B DPOEJDJbO QPTUNPEFSOB

"*202#% ;V[U[a`We 9mfWVdS% CSVd[V% *21-'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % 5B QPTNPEFSOJEBE FYQMJDBEB B

MPT OJaPT! "*21/#% =WV[eS% 8SdUWâ`S% *210'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % ÄHWY^Se k bSdSVa\SeÅ% :FWJTUB

=OJWFSTJEBE EF 6^YJDP Dw -0% Coj[Ua :'<'% \g`[a *210'

CSddS_Sa% =[SUa_a% ÄI[efW_S ba^qf[Ua% dSU[a`S^[lSU[s`%ÇUWdWTda eaU[S^É% W` HaeeS`S HaeeS`VS "Ua_b[^SVadS#%-JTDVUJS FM FTUBEP "*201#% <a^[ae ;V[U[a`We% Coj[Ua% *21*'

**0

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % 5P QPM_UJDP Z MBT

USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT "*202#% 9gSVWdàe VW FSeSVa k FdWeW`fWDw 2.% Coj[Ua% *21+'

C[^[% @aZ` IfgSdf% 8O 5JCFSUZ "*1.2#% JZW B[TWdS^ 7dfeFdWee% DWi Oad]% *2./'

CagXXW% 9ZS`fS^% Ä9^SeW aTdWdS% ZWYW_a`qS k eaU[S^[e_aÅ%;PDJBMJTNP Z 9BSUJDJQBDJbO Dw *0% B[_S% CSdla *21+'

D[WfleUZW% <d[WVd[UZ% <IF ?JMM <P 9PXFS "*11,&*111#%HS`Va_ >ageW% DWi Oad]% *2/0'

FSl% EUfSh[a% .M 5BCFSJOUP EF MB TPMFEBE" <a`Va VW 9g^fgdS;Ua`s_[US% Coj[Ua% *2.2'

FadfS`f[Wda% @gS` 9Sdâe% 5PT VTPT EF 0SBNTDJ" <a^[ae;V[U[a`We% Coj[Ua% *21*'

HST[ài% FSg^ "Ua_b[^SVad#% <IF /PVDBVMU :FBEFS "*21-#%FWdWYd[`W 8aa]e% ;`Y^S`V% *21/'

HaeeS`VS% HaeeS`S% Ä9Z[ dSbbdWeW`fS UZ[6Å% *[JNVU +1&+2%7`à L?% Y[gYà(^gY^[a *210% ?fS^[S'

HagefS`Y% <dSÙa[e% ÄKÙWdfS[`fkÅ "*21+#% 8DMPCFS Dw +1%Ibd[`Y *21-% bb' 2*&*),'

IUZ_[ff% 9Sd^% .M DPODFQUP EF MP fQPMJUJDPg "*2,+#% <a^[ae;V[U[a`We% 8gWàe 7[dWe% *21-'

JaVadah% JlhWfS`% ÄBS fa^WdSÙ[S k â [`fa^WdST^WÅ% 5FUSB

2OUFSOBDJPOBM Dw +% CSVd[V% hWdSà *21/% bb' /-&0)'

JaXXÛd% 7^h[`% 9SFWJFXT BOE 9SFNJTFT" 8^SU] HaeW 8aa]e%Jada`fa% *21,'

JaY^[Sff[% FS[_[da% Ä|JafS^[fSd[e_a6Å% W` BWa`SdVa FSYY["Ua_b[^SVad#% ,PNVOJTUBT% TPDJBMJTUBT" DBUbMJDPT "*20-#%;V[fad[S^ BS[S% 8SdUWâ`S% *201'

**1

JagdS[`W% 7^S[`% 5B ;PDJÛ^ 2OWJTJCMF" Vg IWg[^% FSd[e% *200'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&% ÄBS hal k ^S _[dSVSÅ% :FWJTUB 6FYJDBOB EF

;PDJPMPH_B" La^' NB?% Dw -% *202'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&% Ä|HWSUU[a`We S`f[&`gU^WSdWe a _ah[_[W`faS`f[&`gU^WSd6Å% :FWJTUB 6FYJDBOB EF ;PDJPMPH_B" STd[^ &\g`[a *21+'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&% 5F :FUPVS EF 5g*DUFVS" <SkSdV% FSd[e%*21-'

Jda`f[% CSd[a% 22 <FNQP EFMMB 9PM_UJDB" ;V[fad[ H[g`[f[%Ha_S% *21)'

Jda`f[% CSd[a% CSddS_Sa% =[SUa_a% JadâdW^^S% 7^Va k :W=[ahS``[% 8[SY[a% _WeS dWVa`VS eaTdW ÄDgWhSe [VWSe bSdSg`S ba^qf[US VW âe Srae 1)Å% 5B ,JVEBE /VUVSB Dw +%8gWàe 7[dWe% EUfgTdW *21/'

LSff[_a% =[S``[% .M GJO EF MB NPEFSOJEBE$ 7JIJMJTNP Z

IFSNFO^VUJDB FO MB DVMUVSB QPTNPEFSOB "*21.#% =WV[eS%8SdUWâ`S% *21/'

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& % Ä;^ Xgfgda bSeSVaÅ% 5FUSB 2OUFSOBDJPOBM

Dw ,% CSVd[V% afara *21/% bb' -1&.*'

MWTWd% CSj% ÄBS 9[WÙ[S Ua_a LaUSU[s`Å "*2*2#% W` .M

9PM_UJDP Z FM ,JFOU_GJDP" Ua_b[^SVa bad HSk_a`V 7da`%7^[S`lS ;V[fad[S^% CSVd[V% *2/0'

**2

.; 78A8> 78 ;4 ;:58@B47 D ;4 6C8AB:H= 78; >B@>A8 B8@<:=H 78 :<?@:<:@ 8; &$ 78 >6BC5@8 78 $)()

8= ;4 0<?@8=B4 24;8A:4=4 3B8! /4@:G4 $%)'6"-4?! /:94@:+ 38;FB* %% &#&

,AC=6:H= 14@49C4D

@EC3D @4C3D 67CA NMRLRWVNZ0

g ;67@=@9;3 3FE@C;E3C;39\RMW CWMYcP\N` 3TLJTa

g 7= >;E@ 67= 3CE7 H 7=>;E@ 67= AF74=@ERYRW 7ZLWKJY

g F?3 ?35;@?# 6@D 5F=EF$C3D4JY[WUN\ >NTRa

g 7DE36@ H G;G;7?631 6NTAWX\TRZUW 5W_\V[\YJI JT 5JXR$[JTRZUW AYNKNVMJYRW%<WZb ?% >WYcVRPW $ =\RZ 3% 4WQ

g 6;D5FE;C 7= D@5;3=;D>@4NVSJUcV 3YMR[R

@4C3D AF4=;5363D 675C;E7C;@ 76;5;@?7D0

g h5JXc[\TWZ MN TJ :RZ[WYRJ AWTc$[RLJ AJYJP\J_J (/*,$(/+'i%5JYTWZ AJZ[WYN%

g hCNTJLRdV :RZ[dYRLJ _ DWLRWTdPR$LJ MN 7XRZWMRWZ MN TJ 9XNYYJ MNT5QJLW %5JYTWZ AJZ[WYN%

g h7T 9YJV 5QJLW NV TJ OWYUJLRdV[NYYR[WYRJT MNT AJYJP\J_%5JYTWZ AJZ[WYN%

g h@YcPNVNZ MNT AJY[RMW =RKNYJTk%>JV\NT ANZWJ%

g h4NUJYMRVW 5JKJTTNYW% >NVZJ$SNZ XYNZRMNVLRJTNZ% CNLWXRTJLRdV%

g h>RZ >NUWYRJZ% 3L[\JLRdV MNTCNP% MN 5JKJTTNYcJ G3=@;D C;$G3C@=3i%8NYVJVMW DRT]J%

El deseo de la libertad y la cuestion del otro - · PDF file^gUZS bad dWhWdf[d g`S dWbdWe[s`...

Documents

Transcript of El deseo de la libertad y la cuestion del otro - · PDF file^gUZS bad dWhWdf[d g`S dWbdWe[s`...