Energía Solar
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Laboratorio de Energía Alterna
Renovable SostenibleEnergía SolarAgusto 2009
Dr. Rodger Evans
1Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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2Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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ÓpticaDiseño
Audarno sufrir
DarServicios
2Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Laboratorio
• Alterna de que ?
3Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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¿ Porque ?
• Energía produce trabajo
• Energía para entropía
• orden
• información
• Cultura es información
• Sociedad es hecho de cultura
4Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Energía =
Sociedad
5Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Control de energía =
Control de sociedad
6Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Energía
=Sociedad
7Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Energía libre
sostenible{=Sociedad
7Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Energía libre
sostenible{Permaculture
=Sociedad
Libertad
7Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Fuentes de energía
8Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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• Nuclear
• Viento
• Solar
• Mar
• Ondas
• Marea
• Geotermal
• Gravidad (hydro)
• Solar
• Viento
• Ondas
• Gravidad (hydro)
9Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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• Solar• Viento
• Ondas
• Gravidad (hydro)
9Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Enería Gratuito
10Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Enería Gratuito
10Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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la Tierra
11Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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• 78% N2
• 20.95% O2
• 0.93% Ar
• 0.038% CO2
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Fuente
Concentración
Conversion
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Consumo de Energía
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Fossile
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Fossile
19Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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• Barrato
• Transporte simple
• Concentrado
• Util (plásticos)
• Infraestructura
• Casa
• Gas (natural o propano)
• Aciete (califacion)
• Luz- gas o carbono
• Auto
• Industria
Fossile
20Tuesday, August 18, 2009
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Radiación Solar
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Estación CICESE
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mes J/m^2/dia kW h/dia
julio
enero
promedio
2.55E+07 6.8
3.89E+06 1.05
1.47E+07 3.96
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14 MJ/m2 de día3.8 kWh de m2
uso (mi casa) 130kWh cada dos mes0.5 m2 @100%
PV (25%)=>2 m2
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Concentración
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Scheffler Reflector
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Diseños
• Photovoltaic
• crystalina
• pelicula delgado
• Óptica
• directo
• concentrado
• Currente Directo
• Pillas
• Respuesta rapido
• 3+ años
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Diseños
• Photo-termal
• directo
• califación de casa
• agua domestico
• ‘Solar Pond’
• concentrado
• Energía termal
• Stiriling
• Organic Rankin
• califación
• Energîa almacenado
• agua, sal, terra, piedra
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Conversion
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Cooking with the Sun!
SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23 COOKING WITH THE SUN! P.1
HIGHLIGHTS
! Solar cookers are useful for everyday cooking or solar picnics
! They come in many types and capabilities
! They are easy to build, or can be bought ready-made
! Solar cooking works well, and is easy, fun, and good for the environment
SUMMARY
Although most Texans understandhow it can be hot enough to fry anegg on the pavement, few have seri-ously considered actually cookingwith the sun. Yet in some parts ofthe world, solar cooking is very pop-ular. In Texas it works just as welland is suitable for everything frompicnics to everyday cooking.
SOLAR COOKERBASICS
Solar cookers work because directsunlight carries lots of power: onbright days, about 1,000 watts fallon each square meter of surface thatit strikes (compare this to yourtoaster oven, which is likely to useabout 1,000 watts). In a solar cook-er, sunlight is concentrated into acooking area that gets hot enough to
SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23
cook food. Collecting more sunlightprovides more power; this is bal-anced by heat losses, so solar cookerssometimes feature an insulatedcooking chamber.
SOLAR COOKERDESIGNS
Just as there are many kinds of con-ventional cookers (ovens, stovetops,broilers, microwave ovens), there are
Figure 1 Panel Cooker The “Cookit” panel cooker is simple but effective
SO
UR
CE
:JU
DY
PE
AR
SO
N
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SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23 COOKING WITH THE SUN! P.2
many kinds of solar cookers. Perhapsthe simplest solar cooker is the“Cookit” shown in Figure 1. It con-sists of a single piece of aluminizedcardboard folded into a reflector. Adark pot placed in a plastic bagserves as the cooking vessel. Thisdesign performs similarly to simplebox cookers.
Figure 2 shows a box cooker, whichis basically an insulated box, blackon the inside (to absorb sunlight)with a transparent cover (commonlyglass), and one or more reflectivepanels to increase the amount ofsunlight that enters the cookingchamber. Food to be cooked isplaced inside, usually in a dark-colored pot to increase energy
absorption. Box cookers behavemuch like conventional ovens oper-ating at medium temperatures.
Parabolic designs, illustrated in fig-ure 3, have a dish reflector with aparabolic shape that reflects sunlight
into a focal region where a cookingvessel, usually dark in color, isplaced. Depending on the size of thereflector, very high temperatures canbe reached. Such designs may have alarge solar collection area and there-fore high power; but they typicallydo not have an insulated cookingchamber, so they are used similarlyto a conventional stovetop.
Some cooker designs combine thehigh concentration of a paraboliccooker with an insulated cookingchamber. Such designs, called con-centrator ovens, can rival a conven-tional oven in performance. Figure 4shows one such unit that is soldcommercially.
As you can see from these examples,solar cooker designers have been
RENEWABLE ENERGYTHE INFINITE POWER
OF TEXAS
Figure 2 Box cooker Box cookers are excellent for slowcooking
Figure 3 ParabolicCooker Parabolic solarcookers produce concen-trated heat
SO
UR
CE
:JU
DY
PE
AR
SO
N
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SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23 COOKING WITH THE SUN! P.2
many kinds of solar cookers. Perhapsthe simplest solar cooker is the“Cookit” shown in Figure 1. It con-sists of a single piece of aluminizedcardboard folded into a reflector. Adark pot placed in a plastic bagserves as the cooking vessel. Thisdesign performs similarly to simplebox cookers.
Figure 2 shows a box cooker, whichis basically an insulated box, blackon the inside (to absorb sunlight)with a transparent cover (commonlyglass), and one or more reflectivepanels to increase the amount ofsunlight that enters the cookingchamber. Food to be cooked isplaced inside, usually in a dark-colored pot to increase energy
absorption. Box cookers behavemuch like conventional ovens oper-ating at medium temperatures.
Parabolic designs, illustrated in fig-ure 3, have a dish reflector with aparabolic shape that reflects sunlight
into a focal region where a cookingvessel, usually dark in color, isplaced. Depending on the size of thereflector, very high temperatures canbe reached. Such designs may have alarge solar collection area and there-fore high power; but they typicallydo not have an insulated cookingchamber, so they are used similarlyto a conventional stovetop.
Some cooker designs combine thehigh concentration of a paraboliccooker with an insulated cookingchamber. Such designs, called con-centrator ovens, can rival a conven-tional oven in performance. Figure 4shows one such unit that is soldcommercially.
As you can see from these examples,solar cooker designers have been
RENEWABLE ENERGYTHE INFINITE POWER
OF TEXAS
Figure 2 Box cooker Box cookers are excellent for slowcooking
Figure 3 ParabolicCooker Parabolic solarcookers produce concen-trated heat
SO
UR
CE
:JU
DY
PE
AR
SO
N
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El Paso solar pond70 kW
Organic Rankin cycle
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El Paso solar pond70 kW
Organic Rankin cycle
Isreal; Ormat, 150 kWOrganic Rankin
cycle
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Rankin Cycle
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!"
!"#$%&%""'&"(&)*+&,-.#/.(0&123456!7&.(&8"9)":;
!"#$%&'(#)%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
./0)*+%#)*,)-"#!% #1/23%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
+-)'(#)%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
<.''+%+()&9+$9"($#&*+$)&9)"%$0+&)+:*("#"0.+9
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Motor Stirling
• Convertador termal-mechanica
• alta eficiencia
• Dificil a fabricar
• Alta pression
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Sandia Nation Labsstirling engine
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Diseños
• Photo-photo
• Daylighting
• Activo
• Espejos y lentes
• Passivo
• Diseño
• Filtracion
• calor
• UV
• Desparciemiento
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Veranosolsticio
80º
35º Inviernosolsticio
60º55º
Califación Solar Passivo para casa en Ensenada BC, Mexico
S
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S
Veranosolsticio
80º
35º Inviernosolsticio
60º
55º
Calefacciónde aire
iluminación de oficina
Califación y illuminación Solar Passivo para oficina en Ensenada BC, Mexico
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S
Veranosolsticio
80º
35º Inviernosolsticio
60º
55º
ht
htot
hdlin lout
hwin
•zero luz directo•máximo iluminación•vista sin obstrución
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Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals , ever y cor r upt pol it ic ian, ever y "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.
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The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one c o r n e r o f t h i s p i x e l o n t h e s c a r c e l y distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.
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Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.
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The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.
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It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our t iny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known.
Carl Sagen May 11th, 1996
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Gracias
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