Enfrentando la pobreza y los desafíos ambientales en América Central.

San José, 2 de diciembre 2010

Algunos datos generales sobre la región, la pobreza y el deterioro ambiental

Extensión: 424,233 Kms², o sea equivalente al 1% del continente.

Población: 37.2 millones (6.7% de la población latinoamericana).

Ingreso per cápita: $2,914 (con altas variaciones: Costa Rica $6,591 vrs Nicaragua $1,161).

Principales socios comerciales. Exportaciones: USA (30.6%), Centro América (29.5%), UE (13.2%), México (3.6%), China (3.4%), Panamá (3.1%)

País Población totalSuperficie (km

cuadrados)

PIB 2008 (precios corrientes, millones

de $ USA)

Ingreso per cápita 2008

Costa Rica 4526,530 51,100 29,834.4 6,591.0

El Salvador 6133,910 21,040 22,114.6 3,605.3

Guatemala 13675,714 108,890 38,977.4 2,850.1

Honduras 7241,503 112,090 14,076.6 1,943.9

Nicaragua 5677,771 130,000 6,592.4 1,161.1

Fuente: World Development Indicators 2010.

Centro América: datos generales

Centro América, PIB por sectores, 2008

Sectors

Central America& DominicanRepublic

Panama

Agriculture 13% 6%

Industry 21% 7%

Services 51% 71%

Trade 15% 16%

Total 100% 100%

Fuente: SIECA

Importancia de las remesas

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Importance of remittances Country Remittances Relative size of remittances

Millions US$ Remittances per inmigrant

(US$)

Per cápita (US$)

As percentage of

GDP

As percentage of

FDI

Costa Rica 635 616 142 2.3 0.3

El Salvador

3,711 1,213 541 18.4 2.4

Guatemala 4,254 347 319 10.6 5.9

Honduras 2,625 94 369 24.5 3.2

Nicaragua 740 …. 132 12.1 1.9

Source: Human Development Report 2009Data for 2007

The extent of violence and insecurity in the region

29.3 homicides per 100,000 habitants (most violent region if regions affected by intense political violence are not taken into account) (2004)

Homicides per 100,000 persons (2006)

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Source: HDR-Central America (2008/2009)

79,000 deaths due to violence in C.A. in 2003-2008

Porcentajes de pobreza (CEPAL)

Total TotalTotal Total

Costa Rica 2006 19.0 18.0 16.5 20.4 7.2 5.4 4.8 9.82007 18.6 17.8 16.2 19.6 5.3 4.2 3.8 6.82008 16.4 15.6 13.9 17.5 5.5 4.3 3.7 7.3

El Salvador 2001 48.9 39.4 32.1 62.4 22.1 14.3 9.9 33.32004 47.5 41.2 33.2 56.8 19.0 13.8 8.4 26.6

Guatemala 2002 60.2 45.3 … 68.0 30.9 18.1 … 37.62006 54.8 42.0 … 66.5 29.1 14.8 … 42.2

Honduras 2006 71.5 59.4 48.7 81.5 49.3 30.0 19.9 65.32007 68.9 56.9 47.8 78.8 45.6 26.2 18.0 61.7

Nicaragua 2001 69.3 63.8 50.8 77.0 42.4 33.4 24.5 55.12005 61.9 54.4 48.7 71.5 31.9 20.8 16.4 46.1

Source: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de encuestas de hogares de los respectivos países.

Poverty headcount ratio (total) Poverty headcount ratio (extreme poverty line)

Country YearUrban areas

Metropolitan area

Rural area

Urban areasRural areaMetropolitan

area

Public expenditure in key areas for human development (2006/2007)

per capita (in 2000

US$)

as % of GDP

as % of total public

expenditure c/

per capita (in 2000

US$)

as % of GDP

as % of total public

expenditure c/

per capita (in 2000

US$)

as % of GDP

as % of total public

expenditure c/Costa Rica SP 855 17.2 36.0 260 5.2 10.9 248 4.97 10.4El Salvador GG 291 11.3 45.7 79 3.1 12.4 93 3.64 14.7Guatemala GC 124 7.5 51.8 49 3.0 20.4 20 1.21 8.4Honduras GC 156 11.4 52.9 104 7.6 35.5 47 3.44 16.0Nicaragua GCP 100 11.4 50.2 45 5.1 22.4 31 3.56 15.7

a/ Incluye el gasto público en educación, salud y nutrición, seguridad social, trabajo y asistencia social, vivienda, agua y alcantarillado.

b/ Las cifras presentadas corresponden al promedio simple del bienio referido.

c/ Para la mayoría de los países, la cifra de gasto público total corresponde a la clasif icacion funcional del gasto publico oficial del país. Sin examinar la inclusión y/o exclusión de los svs de deuda. d/ SPNF: Sector público no f inanciero; GG: Gobierno general; GC: Gobierno central.

Country Coverage (d)

Public social expenditure (total) Public social expenditure (education) Public social expenditure (health)

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de información extraída de la base de datos sobre gasto social.

Less precipitations, but more intense ones

Temperature has increased about 1°C in the region over the last decades with an acceleration in the next years

Loss of biodiversity and natural habitats (mangroves, etc)

Higher frequency of diseases (malaria, dengue)

More frequent floods and droughts Increase in the level of the sea

Loss of productivity in agriculture. Economic losses due to change in temperature and precipitations estimated to reach 19% of GDP by 2100 (ECLAC 2009)

Central America needs to take actions now to prepare and adapt to climate change Central America represents 0.71% of total worldwide greenhouse emissions

The various impacts of climate change in the region…