ESPECTRO ELECTROMAGNETICO -...
Transcript of ESPECTRO ELECTROMAGNETICO -...
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ESPECTRO
ELECTROMAGNETICO
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¿QUÉ ES FRECUENCIA?
Cada Ciclo dura un
tiempo determinado
Una onda varía
conforme pasa el tiempo
Las variaciones se
llaman ciclos
EL NUMERO DE CICLOS EN UNA UNIDAD
DE TIEMPO SE LLAMA FRECUENCIA
T1 T2
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Ahora son varios
ciclos en un segundo
Aquí tenemos un
ciclo en un segundo
Aumentamos a dos
ciclos en un segundo
ASI PODEMOS TENER MUCHOS CICLOS
DENTRO DE LA MISMA UNIDAD DE TIEMPO
1 segundo 1 segundo
¿QUÉ ES FRECUENCIA?
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MEDIDAS DE LA FRECUENCIA
Hz = Hertz … unidad básica (ciclo/segundo)
KHz = Kilohertz = 1,000 Hz
MHz = MegaHertz = 1,000 KHz
GHz = GigaHertz = 1,000 MHz
THz = TeraHertz = 1,000 GHz
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Rango AUDIBLE
ESPECTRO ELECTROMAGNETICO
VOZ
Patrón
60 Hz
1 Hz
300 Hz 3 KHz
.
20 Hz 18 KHz
30 300KHz GHz
RADIO
LUZ
VISIBLE
400 750
THz THz
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ESPECTRO ELECTROMAGNETICO
BANDAS DE RADIO
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
Low
Frequency
Medium
Freq.
High
Freq.
Very High
Freq.
Ultra
HF
Super
HF
Extra
HF
15
MHz
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LONGITUD DE ONDA
Las ondas de radio viajan
a la velocidad de la luz
C = 300,000 Km/seg
Su longitud (tamaño)
depende de la frecuencia
l = C / F
l (mts) = 300 / F (MHz)
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15
MHz
ESPECTRO ELECTROMAGNETICO
POR LONGITUD DE ONDA
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
Low
Frequency
Medium
Freq.
High
Freq.
Very High
Freq.
Ultra
HF
Super
HF
Extra
HF
Onda
Larga
Onda
Media
Onda
Corta
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SERVICIOS CONOCIDOS
POR BANDA
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
- Móvil Marítimo
- Radionavegación
(marítima y aérea)
- Radiofaros
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- Radiodifusión Onda Media
535 - 1705 KHz (AM)
- Radiolocalización
SERVICIOS CONOCIDOS
POR BANDA
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
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SERVICIOS CONOCIDOS
POR BANDA
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
Comunicaciones a grandes distancias
- radiodifusión onda corta
- comunicaciones privadas
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SERVICIOS CONOCIDOS
POR BANDA
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
- Televisión canales 2 al 13
- radiodifusión FM (88- 108 MHz)
- comunicaciones privadas
- comunicaciones aeronáuticas
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SERVICIOS CONOCIDOS
POR BANDA
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
- Televisión canales 14 al 86
- sistemas celulares
- comunicaciones privadas
- satélites meteorológicos
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SERVICIOS CONOCIDOS
POR BANDA
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
- Satélites de comunicaciones
-Sistemas celulares
-- Radioastronomía
- Radares
- Microondas
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SERVICIOS CONOCIDOS
POR BANDA
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
- Radares
-Microondas
--Radioastronomía
-- Investigación espacial
- Experimentación
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LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
BANDAS DE RADIOAFICIONADOS
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
160 mt
80 40 30 20 17 15 12 10
mt mt mt mt mt mt mt mt
6 2 1,25
mt mt mt
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BANDA (mts) FRECUENCIA
160 1800 - 1850 KHz
80 3500 - 3750 KHz (*)
40 7000 - 7300 KHz
30 10100 - 10150 KHz (**)
20 14000 - 14350 KHz
17 18068 - 18168 KHz
15 21000 - 21450 KHz
12 24890 - 24990 KHz
10 28000 - 29700 KHz
6 50 - 54 MHz
2 144 - 148 MHz (*)
1.25 220 - 222 MHz
BANDAS DE RADIOAFICIONADOS
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LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
BANDAS DE RADIOAFICIONADOS
30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300KHz KHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz
10 1 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Km Km mt mt mt mt mt mt
160 mt
80 40 30 20 17 15 12 10
mt mt mt mt mt mt mt mt 6 2 1,25
mt mt mt
70
33
23
13
cm
9 cm
5,25
3
1,25
6,4
3,8
1,25
mm
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BANDA (cm) FRECUENCIA
70 430 - 440 MHz
33 902 - 928 MHz
23 1240 - 1300 MHz
13 2300 - 2450 MHz
9 3300 - 3500 MHz
5.25 5650 - 5925 MHz
3 10.0 - 10.5 GHz
1.25 24.0 - 24.25 GHz
6.4 mm 47.0 - 47.2 GHz
BANDAS DE RADIOAFICIONADOS
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ESPECTRO
ELECTROMAGNETICO
Preparado por:
Oscar Pancorvo (OA4AMN)