Fundación Encuentro. Informe España 2011

8/2/2019 Fundacin Encuentro. Informe Espaa 2011

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Khdxe< A{`hegd` K`g{k`xzi

Iu{k`hi# :7

:2661 Mehzdh

Xkc. 45 ;1: 88 ;2 - Aer 45 ;1: ?8 14

gizzkiFa{`h-k`g{k`xzi.izo

.a{`h-k`g{k`xzi.izo

DWJ@< 4?2-28-24654-72-1

DWW@< 557?-1::2

Hkvwdxi Ckoec< M-814;:-:655

Aixigimviwdgd` k Dmvzkwd`< Ecjeheckli# W.C.

E`xi`di Eci`wi Mezx`# w)` - @eqk 56

:2216 Vezeg{kcciw hkc Lezeme "Mehzdh$

GKGW

5 khdgd`< akjzkzi hk :666

: khdgd`< mez|i hk :666


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Ozegdew e cew k`xdhehkw u{k ìwvexzigdè` A{`hegd` ZemÈzkgkw# A{`hegd` Mevazk tWkg{zdxew Kwvee ce A{`hegd`

K`g{k`xzi hdzdok kc Gk`xzi hkKwx{hdiw hkc Gemjdi Wigdec"GKGW$# u{k kcejize kwxk Dàizmk.K` c iazkgkmiw {è d`xkzvzkxegdòcijec t gimvzk`wdqe hk ce zkecdhehwigdec kwveice# hk cew xk`hk`gdewt vzigkwiw mw zkckqe xkw twdo`dadgexdqiw hkc gemjdi.Kc Dàizmk u{dkzk gi`xzdj{dz e ce

aizmegd` hk ce e{xigi`gdk`gdegickgxdqe# wkz {` v{`xi hk zkakzk`gdeveze kc hkjexk vjcdgi u{k et{hke gimvezxdz ciw vzd`gdvdiw jwdgiwhk ciw d`xkzkwkw ok`kzeckw.

Gi`qk`di hk gicejizegd`

:7 hk mez|i hk :655


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`hdgk

VEZXK VZDMKZE<

;8

VEZXK XKZGKZE< GZKGDMDK@XI T HKWEZZICCI

Gevx{ci DWDX[EGD@ HKC MKZGEHI HK XZEJELI T HK CEW VICXDGEW CEJIZECKW

D. Xkwdw D`xkzvzkxexdqew 17 5. Kc vi|i hkc hkwkmvcki 17

:. @i jewxe gi` zkaizmew cejizeckw 18

DD. Zkh hk ciw Ak`mk`iw 115. Kqic{gd` hk ce egxdqdheh t ce ig{vegd` k` kc mkzgehi hk xzejeli 1?

5.5 Kqic{gd` hk ce egxdqdheh t ce ig{vegd` 1?5.: Kwxz{gx{ze hk ce ig{vegd` viz khehkw ?:5.7 Ce dmvizxe`gde hkc `dqkc kh{gexdqi ?;5.8 Gezegxkzwxdgew hk ciw kmvckiw vkzhdhiw ?4

:. Dmvegxi wigdec hkc hkwkmvcki 2::.5 Kc hkwdo{ec dmvegxi hkc hkwkmvcki viz kheh t `dqkc kh{gexdqi 27:.: Kc vezi hk cezoe h{zegd` 21:.7 D`gdhk`gde hkc vezi k` cew aemdcdew 2?

7. Kqic{gd` wkgxizdec hkc kmvcki t hk ce egxdqdheh kmvzkwezdec 247.5 Kqic{gd` hk ciw ig{vehiw viz zeme hk egxdqdheh 247.: Hd`mdge kmvzkwezdec t w{vkzqdqk`gde 47

8. Vicxdgew hk mkzgehi hk xzejeli k` xdkmviw hk gzdwdw 418.5 Ce zkaizme cejizec hk :656 428.: Vicxdgew vewdqew t egxdqew hk mkzgehi hk xzejeli 56:

VEZXK G[EZXE


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Vezxk Xkzgkze

GZKGDMDK@XI T HKWEZZICCI


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Gv D

wDx{eGD` hkc mkzGehi hk xzejeliT hk cew VicxDGew cejizeckw


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D. XKWDW D@XKZVZKXEXDQEW

5. Kc vi|i hkc hkwkmvcki

c dgd g kv :662 # d #gvdg. k t vg dv b vd d v t v b q g| dq :6+. c gda vgv t d vd| g u b g|# v v ggdd dvg< vg v b q d-q vdgdvd q.

c gdd# u vd| ggd g o gd# b -d a dvg kv# v u gdd dgd bd ad dddd. k v gggd - v {d kv. c vd v g b v ggd 5#: d v vd d :662 t o :655# u dod-adg u v gggd b d u rd bg . k vd dvg d g gggd u vad v v gv b g dq gdadggd#

gb g a v.V gdd b rd g gdg# v-

d gd 466.666 v dd t qdgd. cdd g # u vg q v rvd# b da g g|. e# v g dq gdq vgd b t q u b ad g t dd v. k g g# dgd g v a- gvgd v gdg t v a gvgddd u b b .

c ggd vd vg v dv a vddq# v u v dad u v g- a v b vd v g t agdd# -d u v do gdqd dd dv ddq v "g g gggd$.

e vd u vvgd kg Vgdegdq g wqdgd Vdg kv k dagd r g-gd vddq u bo qd ggd v g v-|. k d ggd v b a t o


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18 D`aizmk Kwvee :655

d d vddq# d vdgdv gv-d g qdgd. wd o# v u v b ggd o d :655# vg v gdd-

d| t gvgd g -. k ggdd VDj o d :655 b d d 6#?+. c v dod d v-g u qt gda g v g-ad| t gdd | .

:. @i jewxe gi` zkaizmew cejizeckw

e dgd b d u

do dvg gdd. e# b q g a - u dgt ogdgd ggdq# b v gb vo- vt v u o vgd v v t b d| gd vdg gdq.

c g vd b d# t do d# g . T gdd gdg# ogd g - v v dad gd d v a-qg ggd t gd vd. k Od bv v vgd g dadd a t -

dadggd ggd dadd. e# v g dadd- a ggdq b b rgd. w rd dd|-gd v vd 77 # o 8; g dadddd. xd b q ggd g vd- gdg. c dadg v q g dv vd t# gd# vd| v d| vd dvg b q u dd| v vd g a vd ug gd v. c a d gdadg g vd gdg a u g v v- v gdggd gdg dagd v g

g.xd b a ogdgd ggdq# g dq

vgd gqd v t agdd vddd - gdd# g gd dd vd# g v- kzk g q d.

k g dadggd# b gd ggdq u d# gg q vg gdadg t v t 8; . B b v dadg-gd t v v u a vgd gdq t

qgd v dad a vddq vo. k gd bd t ggd adgdd v


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Wdx{egd` hkc mkzgehi hk xzejeli t hk cew vicxdgew cejizeckw 1;

o vdgd ag vddq ov ag v gdd gdg.

k wqdgd Vdg kv k t vdg gdq

bg a agdqd o vo. k d# v vd q| b d vddd ggd v-dg-vdq d gggd dd udd v d d g. c a vdg gdq bv gd u v g g-gd# g ddd vd|# a u ggd -d u vdgdv o g tgd vqd. e#o vo v gb qdg vdg gdq t v-dq# g g VzkVeze# u gvgd vgd qdg vdgdvgd ddd dgd.

c gdgd wqdgd Vdg kv k# w-qdgd Vdg kv gd t dg dvgdd v o gd dvd dagd t d t agdd v vdgdvgd vo u adgg tgd . k agd t g g. V # qgd vdg ddv v v dg g g ggd u o . ` # bt u gd- u q gdgd v gt gd-

g t u# v # v v vd gdgd- g .


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DD. ZKH HK CIW AK@MK@IW

k :656 d g gd 8#? d v v :6#7+ vgd gdq# o d d kg Vgd egdq "kVe$. wd g agd gd :66? " d u g v$# bvd :#5 d v. c gvgd b v ;8#8+ 8?#2+.

c od gda v dad qgd gddgdg u ag. k t vg dv b v rv-d d vg# u kv v {d kv u v b g# od gda v u vgu b u v. k v # v g kv b q da g g|.

c vd v ag d a ggdq. e# r# t dq gdq gado gqd gq dd dgd g . c v b d v gd :6+ d d :656# v g vd q 76 t v g dq adq dad kggd wg-d. V v# vd v b ag a vgd gd# o d v vgd tdd g ag v gdd< gggd t dd. kb vqg u gb b t d v bt . wd o# v q v u dgd t g btdo. h b dvgd d| gdqd t v# u do bd gb u# d d b gd# -od d dq vdg v.

c od t d ggd v b o v gb d u v dq dgd dd ggdq g . h d a# ba g vg g ggd# -ggd g vd dq v | gdg# o-gdgd ggdq t vdg gdq. k g b gd ggd t ddgd g# v v# rd g a ggd dadd. k # b dad-

g vg u b v b u a d a# g ogdgd ggdq.


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Wdx{egd` hkc mkzgehi hk xzejeli t hk cew vicxdgew cejizeckw 1?

k dq gv # v v# d| qgd vdgdv ddg g d #v vgd gd gvgd t v t

ggdq ag v gdd. V v# qd vdgdvd u b v dgd g . e# v dvdggd dq a - :656 t dadggd ogdgd ggdq :655. x-d rvdg vo v vggd v v t vdg gdq ddgd gdd.

5. Kqic{gd` hk ce egxdqdheh t ce ig{vegd` k` kc mkzgehi hkxzejeli

k :66? g ad v rdd ggd v g v t ddgd gdd o ddu b q u v d dq vd :6+.B g# g v b rvd ggdd gvgd t d. wd g v dd dg# vgd gv dg ;6+ t# g # gd vdg v. k gd bdgd- u gvgd gd t ad bd 1;#7+ t 87#2+# vgdq# g d :66?. w o dgd g od g v ggd. wd o# ddgd gdd b v- d dgd dv g.

k v d| qgd gdqd t gvgd g v. w v vgdgd dagd v r# u vd v vd gdd b t qdg gggd t dd# u bg u vdgdv gd. xd - g t dq gdq# v u q t

v g gdadggd u b ad g t dd vd v. V d# rd ggdg v vd# u d ggd ogd g o vd ggd d g a v.

5.5 Kqic{gd` hk ce egxdqdheh t ce ig{vegd`

k dd qgd gdqd t gvgd

d| a dagd v b t v v# -o g# bt vg dd t# u g# od


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ag d. edd# u rd vgd u b gd d g # d b agd gd o v|# g dq dadggd q.

{ vd gd u q g gggd gdd gdg u gdqd g v v ggdd d# d 16+. ` # gd da qgd v b t v "oadg 5$. k g d# d gdg u ddgd # d u b-

q q gd ggd vd :662# d| do ggdd.

k gvd rvdg d| qgd v . k ov q " :; $ vg qd ggd gdqd# u v gd g vd v u gdd gdg t g g dq v ggdq< gdgd d o" q d$.

k ov u v qgd g dd

g qd " :; t ;8 $. c b ov v vdgdvgd dv t d-

Ozagi 5 Kqic{gd` hk cew xewew hk egxdqdheh t hk ig{vegd` viz wkri. 54?1-:655

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Bimjzkw

M{lkzkw

Xewe hk Egxdqdheh Xewe hk Ig{vegd`

@ixe< Ciw hexiw hk vezi hkwhk kc vzdmkz xzdmkwxzk hk :665 k` ehkce`xk zkkle` ce {kqe hka`dgd` hk vezehi kwxe-jckgdhe k` kc Zkocemk`xi 524?):666 hk ce GK t i wi` hdzkgxemk`xk gimvezejckw gi` ciw hk vkzihiw e`xkzdizkw.

A{k`xk< Kcejizegd` A{`hegd` K`g{k`xzi e vezxdz hk D@K# K`g{kwxe hk Vijcegd` Egxdqe# qezdiw `mkziw.


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Wdx{egd` hkc mkzgehi hk xzejeli t hk cew vicxdgew cejizeckw 14

v vd 46+. k gd# qgd gdqd dgvgd g g v< 54?1 o 76+> 542? v 86+> 5444# 16+> t o d :655 d ?4#?+. k # vg qd # gdqd ad ov

b vdg t gb g b b gd 5; v- vg.

k qgd vdgdvgd ad g b bgb u dd d {d kv"oadg :$. k 542?# gdqd ad5 d 58 v d g Gd kgdg kv. k :666# v v v vd q| ;6+# 56 v

5 c k v gdqd t v g agd vgd 5; t 18 # v u gda dd kVe# u d g vgd 51 t .

Ozagi : Kqic{gd` hk ce xewe hk egxdqdheh kmk`dè hk 5; e 18 eiw k` eco{ìw vewkw hk ce [`d`K{zivke. 542?-:656

[K "5$

Kwvee

Dxecde

Aze`gde

Eckme`de ":$

Vizx{oec

Bice`he

Zkdì [`dhi

Hdèmezge

W{kgde

542?5446544;:668:66;:656

6 56 :6 76 86 ;6 16 ?6 26 46

@ixew< "5$ Hexiw hk [K-56 k` 542? t 5446# hk [K-5: k` 544; t :666# hk [K-5; k` :66; t hk [K-:? k` :656.":$ Hkwhk 544: d`gc{tk ce Zkvjcdge Hkmigzxdge Eckme e.

A{k`xk< Kcejizegd` A{`hegd` K`g{k`xzi e vezxdz hk hexiw hk K{ziwxex.


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?6 Dàizmk Kwvee :655

d {k-5;# u v gdq# uv ?6+. c tgd od bg u gda v d d gdd :662. c gdd gdg u g-| :66? b gd gd# v vgv :656.

k oadg 5 b v d gvgd. kdvg gdd q g g gd gdggd ddgd 5448 u d g :66?. e do ug g gdqd# d dvg dd v r.eu g vg vd v# v b-

vd| " g d :66?$# d ggd v g gggd. c g v ad t ddgd d d :662. c od gdd q vgd gvd b< g gvgd gd b d g v vg# d- u ad b o .

wd gv g gvd v 5446-5448 " 5$# u d v g g-vgd# gda t dd d gdd. k

d d 5446 t o 5448 vd 2;;.?66 v- # u v ggd 8 v gvgd. k gd# d d :66? t o :655 b vd :.5?7.466 v t gvgd bg 1#; v vg. k gd# b d gd qg v .

k v# ddgd v ag t -d b u . k vt d# u gd t Dàizmk Kwvee :664:# u gdd ad

: Agd kg ":664$< kv t gbd gd#Dàizmk Kwvee :664.

Xejce 5 Kqic{gd` hk ciw ig{vehiw t hk ce xewe hk ig{vegd` viz wkri. 5446-:655

Qeciz ejwic{xi "k` mdckw$ Xewe hk ig{vegd`

Xixec Bimjzkw M{lkzkw Xixec Bimjzkw M{lkzkw

5446 "8 xzdmkwxzk$ 57.685#2 2.4:6#? 8.5:5#6 8:#2 16#8 :1#:

5448 ": xzdmkwxzk$ 5:.521#5 2.6?:#4 8.557#: 72#? ;:#2 :;#7

Hdkzk`gde 2;;#? 28?#2 ?#2 8#5 ?#1 6#4

:66? "8 xzdmkwxzk$ :6.8?1#4 55.44?#5 2.8?4#2 ;8#6 18#; 87#4

:655 ": xzdmkwxzk$ 52.767#6 56.611#2 2.:71#: 8?#1 ;7#1 85#2

Hdkzk`gde :.5?7#4 5.476#7 :87#1 1#; 56#4 :#5



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Wdx{egd` hkc mkzgehi hk xzejeli t hk cew vicxdgew cejizeckw ?5

dd t gd. x g v g-v# b a gb ggd v # u vg gd g g v g vd-g gd< gggd t dd7.

7 k vg b u g gggd t tv gdqd dd d v gd 46+.

Ozagi 7 Kqic{gd` hk ce qezdegd` d`xkzxzdmkwxzec hk ciw ig{vehiw viz wkgxizkw. K` mdckw. :662-:655

:662 - XD

:662 - XDD

:662 - XDDD

:662 - XDQ

:664 - XD

:664 - XDD

:664 - XDDD

:664 - XDQ

:656 - XD

:656 - XDD

:656 - XDDD

:656 - XDQ

:655 - XD

:655 - XDD

-;66 -866 -766 -:66 -566 6 566 :66 766

Eozdg{cx{ze D`h{wxzde Gi wxz{ggd Wkzqdgdiw



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?: D`aizmk Kwvee :655

k ddgd gdd gdg t vd v qdg- d dddd t v gggd.k oadg 7 q qdgd gv vg

d d dd# gggd t g qdgd.G rgvgd d d# :662 ddgd v gd| dd t# a# gggd. h vd ;;6.666 v gggdt ::6.666 dd ag.

e vd d d :662# gdd t o t vdv g g. w g v- vd gggd dd# v u t b d|# t# gd# ggd v g

qdgd. e# vd d :664 vd 8;6.666 -v# rd v gd.

k o t g d :664 t :656 v ggdd vg d. wd o# v u gd gd. k v -gd vddq# vu ggd g dq qggd# vgd b. # g do d odq t vg u bt ddgd gvgd. Btu v# g vddq# u o d :655 -d v u dv vg ggd -v t u od d d :664 t :656# da gvd g qdgd# u ::6.666 v vg d d. xd dd d g vddq u d vqd. cgd d gd d # v gd# qq od odq g t g d .

5.: Kwxz{gx{ze hk ce ig{vegd` viz khehkw

c qd gq dd g #t u g bgb odg qd v. xadd| d# gd| v gg g #g t vd| agd d gtgdg# qd. h g qd vg g t a gd| dd-d ga gg dgd. k adddq# g-vgd q t a gg dgd. e# bt u qd u rd da ddg

d v r# dd tgd b t g .


17/63


G q oadg 8# t v -g g# :; t ;8 # u tv v t b d rvdgd t q -

vd| vg d bgd dgd. k g b# d 26+ t 46+ t qgd aggddo gdg gdg< g gdd t vd gb# 5445-5447 t :66?. k ov u q t dagd b t . e# vd dgd b bgb u gv-gd bt ggd a vgg d d . kgd dg d gdd.

k g b ;; t # tgd g v d q# u dd|

dg gg do. wd o# vd :66? gd| -g q.

Ozagi 8 Kqic{gd` hk ce xewe hk ig{vegd` viz wkri t oz{viw hk kheh. 54?1-:655

46

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Hk :; e ;8 eiw

Hk :6 e :8 eiw

Hk ;; eiw t mw

Hk 51 e 54 eiw



18/63


k ov q# dagd b t t qgd dd. e# gvgd v :6 t :8 gg a d r-

vd gdg t# gd# g d gdd#d d ;6+ b t 86+ . c qgd ov q# g gdgd# vgd v v :6 t :8 .

wd g u b gd d # v vgd u ag v gdd b d b t# vgd# q. c dgd q vg g-vdg u o u gvgd u vgd t u g gd g v.k od g t v v. c vdgd

g v u dagd q t v-gd t q.

c rvd t gd d gdq b o u gdqd q gd -

Ozagi ; Kqic{gd` hk ce xewe hk egxdqdheh viz wkri t oz{viw hk kheh. 54?1-:655

566

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Hk 51 e 54 eiw



19/63

Wdx{egd` hkc mkzgehi hk xzejeli t hk cew vicxdgew cejizeckw ?;

gb t vd q "oadg ;$. k 54?1# gdqd b :6 d 16+#gd d :1+ 544; t 544?. e vd 544?

v gd ggd t vdgdvgd q gd| b 7;+ :66?. c d ggd v vrvdq# u u dq gdadggd# aqgd dgd q t# v# d. k d# vgv q ag g v# u d 76+# tv gd d {d kv.

k gg gggdg vgd d gdq q g gd g q :6 t :8 . e# gdqd gg u g vdd-

d gg v# aqgd vgd dgdq vogd d. V gd# v rvd gdg vdgdvgd g t ddt vg q u gd a.

e# vd v god v :66?d qd ag gd q g g -< vd o# v t# o o#gg q u do d. k vg d 76+ "do vd v b u v -

$. e vd :662 vd| vgd q :; # v d u d :; t :4 .G gggd# gdqd q gd# ov 51 54 .

5.7 Ce dmvizxe`gde hkc dqkc kh{gexdqi

c ggd qd gq dd gd g g . c dq gdqd# gvgd t v dad-

gd agd dq gdq vgd. k dggd u t dq gdq t dq v. kbgb v q g gd oadg 1# u vgd gd gvgd# a u dq t g-a gdadggd.

k gb gd v t dq gdq d- g . k b# bt gb ud- d kggd Vdd t . c b g kg-gd wgd g| gvgd v gd ?6+t gdg vad vd t dqdd v 26+

gd vd g do. k g # q dq# gvd kggd Vdd# wgd t


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wvd dqdd. c dgd g b g ga dq gdq. h bgb# :66?# dagd gvgd b t g d dqdd gd # d u gd vd dq g-dq . k v dad dvgd ggdv dgd g # vgd g

.c gdd gdg b ag dq gdq. h

bgb# oadg q g vg g gvgd dq vd :66?. wd o# ag d dd v g dq. c ggd gvgd - g t gdadggd. e# gd bgb u gvgd b g kggd Vdd g v gd# dagd u g dq gdq. k d# bt u g u gd gdadggd# dq gdq dg

gd| dadgd v vdgdv gdq g . k ov a g t dd ag gdd# g

Ozagi 1 Kqic{gd` hk ce xewe hk ig{vegd` viz wkri t `dqkc kh{gexdqi. :666-:655

566

46

26

?6

16

;6

86

76

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[`dqkzwdheh

Xg`dgiw-vziakwdi`eckw hk ozehi mkhdi

Wko{`he kxeve hk Kh{gegd` Wkg{`hezde

Vzdmkze kxeve hk Kh{gegd` Wkg{`hezde

Kh{gegd` Vzdmezde

566

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21/63

Wdx{egd` hkc mkzgehi hk xzejeli t hk cew vicxdgew cejizeckw ??

g 5: v vg gvgd d d :66? t o :655.

vg ggdg gdd d u# g - c. Od8# gdq gdd v u b d o kv d g b d rv gvgd q g dq adq. e# g g gdd dd-t vvgd gv t gvgd gv a ggdd. k gd# dqdd v q agv gdg gdg gvgd.

c : g t gd vd dvg ub d gdd gdg g dq -gdq. m 26+ vd v b vgd g-v g dq gdq dad o v kggdwgd.

c ggd v ga gdadg-gd. e# ddt 75#1+ " 72#5+ g b$ -

8

Od# c. ":656$< k dvg gdd do # Vevkckw hk Kgiìme Kwveice# 5:8# v. 81-12.

Xejce : Kqic{gd` hk ciw ig{vehiw viz wkri t `dqkc kh{gexdqi. K` mdckw. G{ezxi xzdmkwxzk hk :66?-Wko{`hi xzdmkwxzk hk :655

Kh{gegd`

Vzdmezde t

eècaejkxiw

Vzdmkze kxeve

hk Kh{gegd`

Wkg{`hezde

Wko{`he kxeve

hk Kh{gegd`

Wkg{`hezde

Xg`dgiw-

vziakwdièckw

hk Ozehi Mkhdi

[`dqkzwdheh Xixec

Bimjzkw

:66? :.6?:#5 7.184#7 :.?6?#4 5.:?2#1 :.:24#6 55.44?#5

:655 5.:2:#6 7.656#8 :.7;;#4 5.5;1#2 :.:15#? 56.611#2

Hdkzk`gde ?46#5 172#4 7;:#6 5:5#2 :?#7 5.476#7

+ hk qezdegd` 72#5 5?#; 57#6 4#; 5#: 51#5

M{lkzkw

:66? 5.625#1 :.6:2#? :.555#4 ?42#1 :.8;2#4 2.8?4#2

:655 2?8#4 5.242#5 :.667#? 256#6 :.184#? 2.:71#:

Hdkzk`gde :61#? 576#1 562#: 55#8 546#2 :87#1+ hk qezdegd` 54#5 1#8 ;#5 5#8 ?#2 :#4

Xixec

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:655 :.5;1#4 8.462#; 8.7;4#1 5.411#2 8.455#8 52.767#6

Hdkzk`gde 441#2 ?14#; 816#: 556#8 517#; :.5?7#4

+ hk qezdegd` 75#1 57#1 4#; ;#7 7#8 56#1



22/63


v gv g kggd Vdd a> gt 57#1+ "g v b$ u vdv kggd wgd t 4#;+ d o

v kggd wgd "7#; v vd v b$. kgd# dq dqdd d g vddq.

c g gvgd v rd g tgd g dq gdq. ` # bt udqgd# a u t dq gdq dvdg g g d# d u v g v v. k gd# vgd t a -v ggd v gdadggd# u vd vdgd a g gdadggd "- u g q dq d v gvgd d gdadggd$. G c. Od# g g t dq adq# d g gvgd d vgdq gd# dg u vg

Ozagi ? Kqic{gd` hk ciw ig{vehiw viz ig{vegd` t wkri. K` mdckw. :66?-:656

Hdzkggd` hk Ehmd`dwxzegd` Vjcdge t hkkmvzkwew hk 56 i mw ewecezdehiw

Okzk`gde hk kmvzkwew gi` mkìw hk 56 ewecezdehiw

Okzk`gde hk kmvzkwew wd` ewecezdehiw

Vziakwdi`kw ewigdehew e xdx{cegd` hk: t 7 gdgci {`dqkzwdxezdi t ead`kw

kz

Vziakwdi`kw ewigdehew e {è xdx{cegd`hk 5 gdgci {`dqkzwdxezdi t ead kw

kz

Xg`dgiw t vziakwdi eckw hk eviti

Kmvckehiw hk xdvi ehmd`dwxzexdqi

Xzejelehizkw hk wkzqdgdiw hkzkwxe{zegd` t vkzwièckw

Xzejelehizkw hk wkzqdgdiw hk vzixkggd` t wko{zdheh

Hkvk`hdk`xkw hk gimkzgdi t ewdmdcehiw

Xzejelehizkw g{ecdadgehiw k` eozdg{cx{ze t vkwge

Xzejelehizkw g{ecdadgehiw hk gi`wxz{ggd`#krgkvxi ivkzehizkw hk meu{dèzde

Xzej. g{ecdadgehiw hk d`h{wxzdew krxzegxdqew#mkxec{zode# gi`wxz{ggd` hk meu{dèzde t ewdmdcehiw

Xzej. g{ecdadgehiw hk d`h{wxzdew hk ezxkw ozadgew# xkrxdct giàkg.# kcejiz. hk ecdmk`xiw# kje`dwxew# ezxkweìw

Ivkzehizkw hk d`wxecegdi`kw d`h{wxzdeckw# hkmeu{dèzde adle> mi`xehizkw t k`wemjcehizkw

Gi`h{gxizkw t ivkzehizkw hk meu{dèzde mqdc

Xzejelehizkw ì g{ecdadgehiw k` wkzqdgdiw"krgkvxi xze`wvizxkw$

Vki`kw hk eozdg{cx{ze# vkwge# gi`wxz{ggd`#d`h{wxzdew me`{aegx{zkzew t xze`wvizxkw

A{kz|ew Ezmehew

:.666 5.;66 5.666 ;66 6 :.6665.;665.666;666

: xzdmkwxzk hk :66? 8 xzdmkwxzk hk :656



23/63


v|d a bgd v u ud agd;.

k oadg ? g gvgd v r

v< gd| gdd gdg t g d :6561. k oadg vd vgd# v v# d ggd dagd gvgd b t t# v# u dv gvgd b vd v gdd. z-vg vd v# ddgd gvgd b bo u # g vgd gd g-vgd# d d vd x gdadg gg-gd# rgv v udd# xgdg t vad vt# Gg t v udd qd t V.c gg a Vad gd

dgd o t g gdg dqdd t ad# Vadgd dgd vd gdg dqdd t ad# xgdgt vad vt# kv dv dddq t x- qdgd gd t v. k vddgvgd d vgd g x gdadg qdgd hvd ggd t dd.

zvg gd gd g gdd gdg# -q u vd v g qdg b g-vgd d gdadggd# vdgdv gggd.

c ggd b d vgd d x gdadg gggd# rgv v udd# Gg tv udd qd t V. dg vgd do dg x qdgd vggdt od. c dgd gd dd. V # g t b gd# vd v # -u d g gvgd gdadggd "x gdadg qdgd$ t kv dv dddq.V # vgd dg gv gvgd g d gdadggd " gd d dqdd$ t

ov x qdgd gd t v.

5.8 Gezegxkzwxdgew hk ciw kmvckiw vkzhdhiw

G b gv# ggdq d dvdd vg v # v gd# v. c v q g dq gdq d

; Od# c. ":656$# v. 82.1 h u :655 b gd Gdadggd `gd igvgd# b v-

v dd| g G`i-5448 d d :656.


24/63


t v. k v v dagd udv dgd vad g ag v gddgdg.

k 7 qdgd gv g g dgd vad d dd| vgv dgd gdd gdg t d dvd. h g g # d g vdg u b d v. A g 57#;+ d g vdq# g vdg b dg- 56#8+. k gg vdgdv #gvgd gdadggd d t d- t eddgddg t g. wo d gd?# gdqd gvdg u v vvd eddgdVdg< d# d# qdgd gd t ggd dqd-d# u v gd g vdggd ct hv-gd# gd|gd wd `gd w t agd od.

? m# m. e.# Od# c. t G# j. ":655$< k v vdg kv# A{`-Gew ".$


25/63


i ov ag v gdd vg vvd. c v 5;+ vgdgv t ga ggdq t bo# v d#v g v# v u ud g v. { ggdg gggd d g< g-gd# b# gggd t dd ag. c v-gdd|gd d gdqd rvdg# v-# ggd v g vd d d.

k g dv g# vd v b ggvdgdv g v# u g v u g do gdqd dd dv v vggd u# g gb vdd# d g ggd gdqd d gdd gdg. k v gd# - v g g v b gd :;#:+# gd 76#2+ g b " 8$. k ddgd b o u vd d :;+ vd :664# gdg v vg u :661.

c t ddgd g b vg

g qdgd "71#1+$. k # ggd vg vdgdv g q "::#2+$.

Xejce 8 Kqic{gd` hk ciw ewecezdehiw viz wkri t xdvi hk gi`xzexi. K` mdckw. G{ezxi xzdmkwxzk hk :66?-Wko{`hi xzdmkwxzk hk :655

D`hka`dhiw

Xkmvizeckw

XixecXixec

Kqk`x{ec vizgdzg{`wxe`gdew hk

ce vzih{ggd`

Veze ijzei wkzqdgdi

hkxkzmd`ehi

Ixziwxkmvizeckw

Bimjzkw

:66? 1.?67#; :.257#? 882#8 5.7?8#6 445#: 4.;5?#:

:655 1.561#4 5.482#7 7?2#1 2?5#7 142#8 2.6;;#:

Hdkzk`gde ;41#1 21;#8 14#2 ;6:#? :4:#2 5.81:#6

+ hk qezdegd` 2#4 76#2 5;#1 71#1 :4#; 5;#8

M{lkzkw

:66? 8.4;8#? :.868#1 8?8#4 187#5 5.:21#? ?.7;4#7

:655 ;.:2:#? 5.4;8#; 711#8 ;48#: 447#4 ?.:7?#:Hdkzk`gde 7:2#6 8;6#5 562#; 82#4 :4:#2 5::#5

+ hk qezdegd` 1#1 52#? ::#2 ?#1 ::#2 5#?

Xixec

:66? 55.1;2#: ;.:52#8 4:7#7 :.65?#: :.:??#4 51.2?1#;

:655 55.724#1 7.46:#4 ?8;#6 5.81;#; 5.14:#7 5;.:4:#8

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+ hk qezdegd` :#7 :;#: 54#7 :?#7 :;#? 4#8



26/63

2: D`aizmk Kwvee :655

k v g g dadd ddt :#7+#v g b g 2#4+# d u gg 1#1+ . e v dd vd vdadd# dq. k oadg 2 oq-d dv gdd gdg. k :66? t :662 v vv# v v g g dadd gd. k gd# :664# g v v g|gd :6+ t# # d v g- a dadd. U v dvg# vd o# gdd gggd " ad :66?$ t# o o# gddadgd dgd " o :662$.

:. Dmvegxi wigdec hkc hkwkmvcki

c a v dgdqd dv d# v v qd gq# g ddg. k v # v# u b gd gd dq od ad g # b uvdg. k :66? b 5.?16.666 v v# 2+ v-gd gdq. c v gd d 1#5+ t ad 56#;+. Vg u g v b god g

vdgdv v# v# dg q ggdd gdg.

Ozagi 2 Kqic{gd` hk ciw ewecezdehiw viz xdvi hk gi`xzexi. K` mdckw. :666-:655

58.666

5:.666

56.666

2.666

1.666

8.666

:.666

6

:666 :665 :66: :667 :668 :66; :661 :66? :662 :664 :656 : 655

D@HKAD@DHI

XKMVIZEC



27/63


wd o# gd gdd 5445-5448 b vdg t dd . k v # v b q

d dq 5447# gd vg gdo d| d ggdd v. k oadg 4 q g v u v 2+ :66? 5?+ :664> gd# vdg v d d.

{ vg dagd# v# u dgd gb b t b u dd g gggd vd v gd. G q addgd vgd :665# dagd gb v vg tgg # u v ad o vdg gd. wd o# vd :662 ddg do d- qgd t d :5+. k dodadg# d gb #u gb b t bt dd. eu d v rd# do bd dagd d gdqd t gvgd u# d d b gd d # g-d d d ggd v vdg v.

:.5 Kc hkwdo{ec dmvegxi hkc hkwkmvcki viz kheh t `dqkc kh{gexdqi

e do u b gv u rd dagd gv-gd o # dgdgd v vg bo v

Ozagi 4 Kqic{gd` hk ce xewe hk vezi viz wkri. 54?1-:655

6

54?1

54??

54?2

54?4

5426

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M{lkzkw

Xixec

Bimjzkw

7;

76

:;

:6

5;

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;



28/63


. k oadg 56 q u ggdq ag q. c b t :; g dgd vgdg v v :662# v u v d gg ;+. k gd# ggdq b gd d-vdg # gg :6+. c dgd t

dd# a u :66? v ag 56+ t b b vdg.

h o# ov q t b rvd- qg d # v q ud b ad d dvg gdd gdg2. c :662 t v gd q# v v :6+ o-v :6 # v v b gg 86+

2 bgb g g ggd. Q# v v# jto-d B# j. l.# mgDt# G.# xd# w. t x# z. ":656$< k v q gdd#Hdwg{wwdi` vevkz `. :65. iDx.

Ozagi 56 Kqic{gd` hk ce xewe hk vezi viz wkri t oz{viw hk kheh. 54?1-:655

?6

16

;6

86

76

:6

56

6

54??

54?4

542

5

5427

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5

5447

544;

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:66

5

:667

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:66?

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:65

5

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16

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56

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6 6

54??

54?4

5425

5427

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5447

544;

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:665

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:655

Hk :; e ;8 eiw

Hk :6 e :8 eiw

Hk ;; eiw t mw

Hk 51 e 54 eiw

54??

54?4

5425

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29/63


g u d :6 t :8 t b g| 16+ 51 54 # b g .

k dq gdq d gq b rvdg qgd

v " ;$. G t dq gdq# t gdqd t gvgd t# v gd# v.B :66?# dagd v v dq gdq v- gdadg g g# g b "o-adg 55$. x b# dvd dq gdq# v dad 56+. e vd :66?# o-v a o dg v# v vgdd g dq gdq. c b g kggdVdd v ::#8 v# d u u o v kggd wgd dg

57#7 v t ; v dqdd.

k g q 51 t 54 # bt u gu o t u vdgdv gdq g - d dq d# u bg u g dgd d q. k gd# q t a rvdgd dq gdadggd t# v # vgg g u bg a dadg. e# dq gdq vgd d oq dgd dq

Xejce ; Kqic{gd` hk ciw vezehiw viz wkri t dqkc kh{gexdqi. K` mdckw. G{ezxi xzdmkwxzk hk :66?-Wko{`hixzdmkwxzk hk :655

Kh{gegd`

Vzdmezde t

e`ecaejkxiw

Vzdmkze kxeve

hk Kh{gegd`

Wkg{`hezde

Wko{`he kxeve

hk Kh{gegd`

Wkg{`hezde

Xg`dgiw-

vziakwdi`eckw hk

Ozehi Mkhdi

[`dqkzwdheh Xixec

Bimjzkw

:66? :78#6 754#: 5?1#4 ;:#5 4?#; 2?4#:

:655 152#; 5.66?#: ;12#1 5?4#1 :78#7 :.162#:

Hdkzk`gde 728#; 122#6 745#? 5:?#; 571#2 5.?:4#6

+ hk qezdegd` 518#7 :5;#; ::5#8 :88#? 586#7 541#?

M{lkzkw

:66? 54?#? 716#? :;8#7 ?2#6 5;?#? 5.682#7

:655 721#4 ?71#? ;22#5 5?5#: 78:#; :.::;#1

Hdkzk`gde 524#: 7?1#6 777#2 47#: 528#2 5.5??#7

+ hk qezdegd` 4;#? 568#: 575#7 554#; 55?#: 55:#7

Xixec

:66? 875#? 1?4#4 875#: 576#5 :;;#: 5.4:?#;

:655 5.66;#8 5.?87#4 5.5;1#? 7;6#2 ;?1#2 8.277#2

Hdkzk`gde ;?7#? 5.618#6 ?:;#; ::6#? 7:5#1 :.461#7

+ hk qezdegd` 57:#4 5;1#; 512#7 514#1 5:1#6 5;6#2



30/63


u gvd g q vv. V v# gd g u q gv v gdadgu g t b qd u b vd t d#v u# gb g# do gggd t dd# g ag v gdd gdg.

:.: Kc vezi hk cezoe h{zegd`

{ ggd bd dd -v u ga v v# ddt vddd- q gvgd. G v dv# gvd bg# t a da# vd t dgd gvdg. h b u ggd vdg dg-t d v qd v o gd t a vdgdv-

gd vdg gdq vd v# a u qq v u g .

Ozagi 55 Kqic{gd` hk ce xewe hk vezi viz wkri t `dqkc kh{gexdqi. :666-:655

6:666 :665 :66: :667 :668 :66; :661 :66? :662 :664 :656 :655

6

:666

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[`dqkzwdheh

Xg`dgiw-vziakwdi`eckw hk ozehi mkhdi

Wko{`he kxeve hk Kh{gegd` Wkg{`hezde

Vzdmkze kxeve hk Kh{gegd` Wkg{`hezde

Kh{gegd` Vzdmezde

6

:666

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31/63


k v o gd kv

{d kv. G v vgd oadg 5:# 542? t 544?# vg v u q dgd -v v gd ;6+# d vd v uv b. c rvd ddgd q vg# u g| d :662 ":5+$# t d gb - b t .

k g v b o d d-g v o gd. k o d :655# vg v g do vg 8?#2+. e do u g g v# d

v o gd b dd dgd t dgdgdad.

:.7 D`gdhk`gde hkc vezi k` cew aemdcdew

k v dgd vgv dq ddqd vd # dg # vvgdq add. c vdgd ugv add g v qd gq# v u v-dd v g d add v

vdgd. c d u d t dg gvdd# r v g bd u d t vdgd

Ozagi 5: Kqic{gd` hk ciw vezehiw u{k cckqe` {` ei i mw k` wdx{egd` hk hkwkmvcki viz wkri. K`vizgk`xelk zkwvkgxi ec xixec hk vezehiw. 542?-:655

6

542?

5422

5424

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32/63


dd v t bd u d4. G gggd# ag v d add dd agd u vdgd gv v v.

c t dd gdd g# vg rvd 5445-5448# d q a vd ggdd v v agd bo "oadg 57$. k rd g| 5448# g 57+# v gt v rvd bd do v gd ;+. wd o# v b d b v 5;+. xd ddg bd gb b t b g vgdg.

i gggd odq v dg- bo u v gdq -

g v. G v q 1# vg bo dgd d d :66? o 8+#v o d :655 v 56#;+. h d a# vvgd bo u gdq gv bgd gd 51 v vg.

k bo u bt do gv# vgd d-o do 4#1+ g o d :655. wd

4 Od# c. "5442$< c gvdd add# Vevkckw hk Kgi`ime Kwveice#??# v. 85-46.

Ozagi 57 Kqic{gd` hk ce xewe hk vezi hk ce vkzwi`e hk zkkzk`gde hkc bioez viz wkri. 542?-:655

6

542?

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M{lkzkw

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Bimjzkw

:;

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33/63


# d vgd v v t vo v vggd v v b gdd dgd ug gd gd. eu vg vgdadg g q# gd gdd v gdt bo d do# v u vdgdv a add.

7. Kqic{gd` wkgxizdec hkc kmvcki t hk ce egxdqdheh kmvzkwezdec

{ v t q dg v vd v gggd. k v d- d| g t vad qgd gv v - gdqd. w rd u u b vd v#

d d u b d qgd vddq gdd gdg. e# d ddg vdv q u gdqd b g v t g bd d.

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k o ddg vvgd u v gg-gd dd v wVk gggd. G gv# gda # :+-7+. Gd dd-g vqd# g q do gd ggd# gtrvdggd gd g u g ddg. k d g# bt g d vg u v igggd # u ddg u gd gdg t g|

v bg dagd gg gggd. k g- vgd g g b " ?;#85+

Xejce 5: Kqic{gd` hk d`hdgehizkw zkcegdi`ehiw gi` ce g{ixe hk mkzgehi hkc WVK viz wkri. K` vizgk`-xelk. :661-:655

Xixec Bimjzkw M{lkzkw

Gicigegdi`kw hk hkme`hew egxdqew gi` ikzxe vzkqde)Xixec gicigegdi`kw hk hkme`hew egxdqew:661 51#25 5;#?; 5?#24

:66? ?#14 ?#:5 2#55

:662 ?#:2 1#7: 2#::

:664 ?#7: 1#?5 2#6:

:656 ?#61 1#;4 ?#:5

:655 ",$ ?#6; 1#;2 ?#1:

Gicigegdi`kw hk hkme`hew egxdqew gi` ikzxe vzkqde)Xixec gicigegdi`kw

:661 8#?2 7#?8 ;#;8

:66? :#62 5#?7 :#84

:662 :#5? 5#?? :#15

:664 :#?7 :#;7 :#4;

:656 :#14 :#;7 :#27

:655 ",$ :#?6 :#;7 :#47

Ixzew gicigegdi`kw wd` ikzxe vzkqde)Xixec gicigegdi`kw

:661 12#67 ?7#75 1;#5;

:66? ?:#78 ?;#85 12#?1

:662 14#?4 ?5#;? 1?#26

:664 1:#87 1:#68 1:#2?

:656 15#;8 15#74 16#88

:655 ",$ 15#7; 15#75 15#:7

",$ Hexiw bewxe eoiwxi.

A{k`xk< Kcejizegd` A{`hegd` K`g{k`xzi e vezxdz hk Wkzqdgdi Vjcdgi hk Kmvcki Kwxexec< Kwxehwxdge hk hkme`-he`xkw hk kmvcki# v{kwxiw hk xzejeli t gicigegdi`kw# qezdiw `mkziw.


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15#74+$# u gb g dgb b b t tag gdd v gd.

k # g gggd q

t wVk g ddd g . ` -# g g do d t bt u v- gd g dgd gdg g g g u dv dgb od.

k d# dadgdgd g u ggd| t wVk :661 b oq g gdd. kv :661 - agdq qdgd vdg v v g 5.666 -v< 8#8 a 5:#8 B# 5?#8 ed# 51#4 jodg#::#: ed# 77#7 wgd# 8:#4 zd {d t ;1#: hdg:2.k a v vd :662 v v-# v u d v Od -g ggd 5.;66 d u dgv adgd v:4.

V v# v gd q b q < vd o# d gqd u wVk -o g g q t# o# u v v qg dvdgd wVk v od.

zvg vd gd# g g -qdgd vdg v ggdg g t d v v. c vo d gt. k d u bt q u v"v# gg# q gg v# g.$# vdd| u g g u g# v u g g v dv g dadgdgd wVk gadgdgd dq. k o# d dd| wVk d u b agd q u# v u v od adgd v v-dq v# d v d. V t |# g h Ndo76# rgdq

:2 G kgdg t wgd ":664$< Mkmizde wijzk ce wdx{egd` wigdikgi`mdge tcejizec. Kwvee :662.

:4 V rdd d dgd# agd vad dgd# v z hg-ct :):662# :5 d# d dv gdqd gdg. c Gagd wgd e c g d :662 gdd ddgd dd t ddgd d v gd -. k v ddgd vd :662. k z hg-ct 56):656# 51 d# d o v a g # d| Od v uv vo d b :65:.

76 iGhk ":666$< Ceji{z Meznkx Vicdgdkw e`h xbk V{jcdg Kmvcitmk`x Wkzqdgk. Vg-do a b Vo Gag.


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gggd v d dd dg t vdg o o.

k g qg od v wVk# v g g gd dv adgd qg v o-d. k d# od v adgd v v g| u gd g- v od. wd adgd v gva# v t adgd u od u gdv gd qg# ddgd q gd vu dd qg rd.

k d gdd# v agd v od wVk d gg d< 411.::6 :66? t 4?7.641 :661. k gd# :662 a 1;4.858 t 161.5?; :656. G v q oadg :6# gda :662 d-ad gvd :661 t :66?. G # vg u dvd u wVk o g g q "d u dq$.

k g# dadggd agdd adgdvdg v b d# v # dg v g gvgd v # a gd g g v "u u d b vgd- dg a g u g wVk$ t# v # v- dad u# d v v# v

Ozagi :6 Kqic{gd` hk ciw v{kwxiw hk xzejeli izkgdhiw ec WVK veze w{ okwxd`. :661-:655

K`kzi

Akjzkzi

Mez|i

Ejzdc

Meti

L{`di

L{cdi

Eoiwxi

Wkvxdkmjzk

Igx{jzk

@iqdkmjzk

Hdgdkmjzk

5:6.666

566.666

26.666

16.666

86.666

:6.666

6

:661

:66?

:662

:656

:664 :655

A{k`xk< Kcejizegd` A{`hegd` K`g{k`xzi e vezxdz hk Wkzqdgdi Vjcdgi hk Kmvcki Kwxexec< Kwxehwxdge hk hkme`-he`xkw hk kmvcki# v{kwxiw hk xzejeli t gicigegdi`kw# qezdiw `mkziw.


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vdd vdgdv vdg gdq# t d ggd dgd ggd adq.

k # gd vo VzkVeze#

d o v a :655 g ggd vdd# gd dgd vad t a-gd v v. G vo gg vgd dadg- u d v gdadggd v qq v.# g q# b d ov ag v gddgdg t u d vdd g -v. e# ddg u wVk ddod q# t 8; v o gd t v vg g gggd# v vdgdv ddd vd| v.

{ o gd dq a vdggdq u# v vd q|# vd ggd vdg-vdq ddgd t vdg gdq. V# od| ogd gggd vdq g d g#v b b vdd ogd gggd vdq dd g. U vd oddq g q dg ggd vdg-vdq t ag u v g .

D`gk`xdqiw ec kmvcki. c vdgdv vdg gdq g kv d o dgdq -

v. c q vd rd g b -dq u a 544?# :665 t :661 bt d g dq ggd. k d# b dd| dadggd v v vq ggd dadd. T b gd ud a :656 dd| dadggd g dv gd vd. ` # a# zhg-ct :):664# 1 |# d o v -dd t a v t vggd v -v# dg t dadggd g vd wodwgd v gdogd g v ag v kzkt v ggd u g vgd vv. e# v d gb dadggd gd|-gd vd wod wgd ";6+ g v gdogdg$ v ogd v v. k -dadggd d gd rd :86 t v gv- v ag ad vd.

zvg dadggd v ggd dadd -

adgdd vgd dd v v "b 75 dgd :664$# v 566+ g v gdogd


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g "g d rd do g vgd# dd gdq dgd zeD vd vgdd$. xd g# v gv v

.V v# ct 7;):656# 5? vd# d o-

v a g dgt qd dvdgd vaqg v q t v# t g dadggd g vd wod wgd "g 5$. { q vo u qd u ad vgd dd dgt# r t # gdadg-gd. G b qd# v g dq gdq b d ov ag v gdd gdg. wd o# b # vg d v ddod ggdq.

k d v a :655 dgt v-o rgvgd v dgd bgd ggd # udadg g 566+ g vd wod wgd ggd "v dadd$ dv vgd q 75 dgd adgd v 5: 52d. Vg v v v dv vgd# u# v# d dq {d kv.

c qgd dadggd ggd b v dad u dv vo v q ag v

t v|d75# a u dvg vddq g-

75 xbd# c. "d.$ ":662$< Kc kakgxi hk cew ji`dadgegdi`kw hk cew gixd|egdi`kw e ceWko{zdheh Wigdec veze kc kmvcki k` ce eadcdegd` e ce Wko{zdheh Wigdec< {` d`xk`xi hk kqec{egd`

megzikgi`mdge# mdgzikgi`mdge k d`wxdx{gdi`ec# bv


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dd. k gd# t ggd dadg bd q g do# u v bd gdddo t. c rvdggd# v# u dadggd

rd g t v vgd gdq# a uo gd 7:.

c dadggd dgd a :656 v -q vg d# t u gd dvdg gg dgdq v u ggdq u dadg d gg v < q g gdadggd tt 8; . e v# ddgd g ov t v o dgd . k g# oq dgd gdg t ddgd g od dvgd q g qgd ddg u vd g-

u vo u adgg t adgd t gd u d .

Aizmegd`. k v dq v bdggb o aq vdg agd. c

dgdg kod kv kv ad| g d-vgd agd v v. e# ddg d-d| v odd dgdg g d gdqgd# u d v u b vd-gdv o d gdq g t agd. k

oadg :5 ddg v qd v {d kv g d . kv d d vdgd-# ;-1 v a v g 566 u #vrd d d {k-5;. { gda t :6#8 hdg# :: jodg :8#: B. e#d u v b vdgdv# v b gd gd.

B u vo u v gda v- v a# gdd gdg# u g vd vdgdv agd # gd#

v vqgb v v v gdadggdt t vdd dgd g .{ vd v u a d # v t dg v bg u ggdddt. c gda mddd x Ddogd u v a b gd :662 ":87.211# a :;?.:18 :66?$# d d :664 b ":15.;87$# u :656b q gda :66? ":;?.774$. k g# vg

7: G# j. ":661$< c t ggd dadd kv# Zkqdwxe hkKgi`ime Cejizec# 7# v. 2?-554.


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Ozagi :5 Kqic{gd` hk ciw vezxdgdve`xkw k` vicxdgew hk izmegd` ig{vegdièc k` ce [K. K` vizgk`xelkzkwvkgxi e cew vkzwièw u{k hkwke` xzejelez. :661-:664

Kwciqk`de "8$

Bice`he "4$

Jcodge

Hdèmezge

E{wxzde

Aze`gde "?$

Dzce`he "56$

Eckme`de "5$

Vizx{oec "5:$

Dxecde ";$

Ad`ce`hde

[K-5; ";$

[K-:? ";$

Kwvee ";$

C{rkmj{zoi ";$

Mecxe "55$

Kwxi`de "1$

B{òze

Cdx{e`de

W{kgde

Ckxi`de

J{coezde

Gbdvzk ":$

Zkvjcdge Gbkge

Z{meè "5$

Ozkgde "2$

Kwciqeu{de "7$

Vici`de

Zkdì [`dhi "57$

6 ; 56 5; :6 :; 76

:661

:66?

:662

:664

@ixew< "5$ Ciw hexiw hk :662 wi` vigi aejckw. ":$ Ciw hexiw hk :661 t :66? wi` kwxdmehiw t ciw hk :662 t :664vigi aejckw. "7$ Ciw hexiw hk :662 wi` kwxdmehiw. "8$ Ciw hexiw hk :661 t :66? wi` vigi aejckw t ciw hk :664kwxdmehiw. ";$ Hexiw vigi aejckw. "1$ Ciw hexiw hk :661 t :66? wi` kwxdmehiw. "?$ Ciw hexiw hk :661 t :664 wi`vigi aejckw t ciw hk :66? t :662 kwxdmehiw. "2$ Ciw hexiw hk :664 wi` kwxdmehiw. "4$ Ciw hexiw hk :661# :662 t:664 wi` kwxdmehiw t ciw hk :66? vigi aejckw. "56$ Ciw hexiw hk :664 wi` vigi aejckw. "55$ Ciw hexiw hk :661 wi`vigi aejckw. "5:$ Ciw hexiw hk :661# :66? t :664 wi` vigi aejckw. "57$ Ciw hexiw hk :66? t :662 wi` vigi aejckw.

A{k`xk< Kcejizegd` A{`hegd` K`g{k`xzi e vezxdz hk hexiw hk K{ziwxex.


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dadgd# v kv t# vgd# dq gdadggd v .

{ v u v b d| vdg

agd a g. e# mddd x Ddogd ad agd adgd v wqdgdVdg kv k t gd . ` bt gd-a agd q g v d "u dd| vvd g g d g$. V v# ad g t a# v u v d a- adgd # v gd# rd dagb.

T dgd 544277 Da ddg u bd gb d Agd igvgd t

Gd# v u vg o gd g -a| gdg d|. c g qgd d| v ag vddq vu od t v ggdq78. e# v dad d dd a u dv vdg agd v.V v# o# a adq dv dd -od# d t g g# a u vd a g dagd qd o v d-v vddd gg agd. edd# bd u a adq v g

u dv g t gd v v. e# d # add vad u g- gd d ggd adq vdgdv

Fundación Encuentro. Informe España 2011

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