Gestión de la Limpieza Urbana: Una inversión para el futuro de las ciudades
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Transcript of Gestión de la Limpieza Urbana: Una inversión para el futuro de las ciudades
Gestión de la Limpieza Urbana: Una inversión para el futuro de las ciudades
PwC 2
Contents
1.Introduction
2.The Study
3.Results
4.Final consideration
PwC 3
Execution
PwC 4
Introduction
1
PwC 5
Solid waste management globally
Introduction
What kind of
problems do we
have here?
PwC 6
Solid waste management globally
Introduction
The current waste
generation in the
world is around 12
billion tons/year.
125.000 Estadio
Olímpico Atahualpa
full of waste
=
PwC 7
Solid waste management globally
Introduction
Managing solid waste is one of biggest challenges of the urban areas of all sizes, from mega-cities to the small towns and large villages.
PwC 8
Solid waste management in Brazil
Introduction
0
20.000.000
40.000.000
60.000.000
80.000.000
100.000.000
120.000.000
140.000.000
160.000.000
180.000.000
200.000.000
Total urban solid waste generation in the year (ton/year)
90%
12%
2010
2011
5,7
Brazilian population
If we imagine that the Brazilian average weight is 66.5 kg (2005), it can be said that every citizen generates 5.7 times of its own weight in waste.
2.906 open dumps
PwC 9
The Study
2
PwC 10
Present the public models of Urban Cleaning Services:
• Financial and social resources applied
• Legal and institutional structures
• Interaction between local government and the services providers
Comparison of public management models in relation to solid waste management in 15 selected cities.
Objetives
The Study
PwC 11
Selected cities
The Study
Brazilian cities:
• São Paulo
• Rio de Janeiro
• Belo Horizonte
• Brasília
• Goiânia
• Salvador
International cities:
• New York
• Tokyo
• Paris
• Londres
• Rome
• Mexico City
• Buenos Aires
• Barcelona
• Lima
PwC 12
• The study was made in 2009 and updated in 2011.
• The cities selection was based on combination of factors: characteristics of large cities, highlights in solid waste management systems and data availability and reliability.
• Data source: Governamental and academic reports and websites.
• Lack of similar national and international studies on the sector.
Disclaimer
The Study
PwC 13
Waste management responsibility
The Study
Waste type Responsibility
Households MunicipalityCommercial* GeneratorPublic MunicipalityHealth services GeneratorIndustrial* GeneratorAirports, ports, railway and road terminals Generator
Agriculture GeneratorConstruction and demolition* Generator
* The municipality is co-responsible for small amounts. The maximum amount will vary according to the specific local legislation.
PwC 14
Municipal solid waste estructure
The Study
Laws and regulations
Municipal waste services
Municipal budget
SupervisionFee collection
type
Executing agents of
waste services
Management
Geographic and socioeconomic characterization
Perceptions of key stakeholders
PwC 15
Results
3
PwC 16
Key information of the selected cities
Results
CityPopulation
(hab) Area (km2)
Amount of solid waste collected (million
tons/year)
Amount of solid waste
collected per capita
(kg/hab/year)
Expenditures with Solid Waste
management (millions US$/year)
Expenditures with solid waste per
capita (US$/hab/year)
Tokyo 12,06 2.187 4.970 412,11 6.375,00 528,61Mexico City 8,72 1.479 4.600 527,52 2.811,63 322,43Barcelona 1,50 91 848 565,33 431,46 287,64Roma 2,72 1.285 1.829 672,43 765,51 281,44Paris 2,17 105 1.204 554,84 503,88 232,20New York 8,14 1.214 4.307 529,12 994,50 122,17London 8,28 1.579 4.200 507,25 890,97 107,61Buenos Aires 2,97 203 1.469 494,64 228,74 77,02Guayaquil 2,44 344 1.014 415,12 36,48 14,93Quito 2,32 324 721 310,21 33,22 14,28Lima 8,00 2.819 2.278 284,70 108,78 13,60Brasília-DF 2,27 5.802 1.379 607,58 167,79 73,92Salvador 2,71 707 687 253,58 117,30 43,28Rio de Janeiro 6,13 1.182 2.802 457,06 253,98 41,43Goiânia 1,21 739 447 369,37 46,41 38,36São Paulo 10,36 1.523 3.641 351,44 392,70 37,91Belo Horizonte 2,39 331 838 350,58 83,13 34,78
PwC 17Tokyo
Mexico CityBarcelona
Roma Paris
New York London
Buenos Aires Guayaquil
Quito Lima
Brasília-DFSalvador
Rio de JaneiroGoiânia
São Paulo
Belo Horizonte
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Brazilian average; 44,9
International average ; 182,2
Financial resourcesExpenditures with solid waste per capita (US$/hab/year)
Results
Mexico City has high costs due to a swollen structure to perform the services, with approximately 4 times more employees compared to São Paulo.
Tokyo extensively invests in innovative systems.
Barcelona has one of the best Selective Collection Programme, investing in innovative techniques and equipments.
PwC 18
Results
Financial resourcesExpenditures with solid waste per capita (US$/hab/year) and amount of solid waste collected per capita (kg/hab/year)To
kyo
Mex
ico
City
Barce
lona
Rom
a Pa
ris
New
Yor
k Lo
ndon
Bueno
s Air
es
Gua
yaqu
ilQui
to
Lim
aBra
sília
-DF
Salva
dor
Rio
de Ja
neiro
Goi
ânia
São P
aulo
Belo
Hor
izon
te
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Expenditures with solid waste per capita (US$/hab/year)Amount of solid waste collected per capita (kg/hab/year)
PwC 19
Comparison between Brazilian cities
Results
Brasília - DF 3.598.058.250 4,7% 19,8% 53,2%
Salvador 944.182.515 12,5% 20,7% 84,8%
Rio de Janeiro 3.736.534.652 6,8% 110,0% 31,8%
Goiânia 603.177.969 7,8% 0,0% 35,6%
São Paulo 7.392.719.896 5,3% 0,0% 100,0%
Belo Horizonte 1.390.516.111 6,0% 47,7% 53,1%
Brazilian cities Municipal costsPercentage municipal budget to solid waste
management
Reported cost recovery percentage collected via
fees
Municipal costs with private waste
companies
PwC 20
Fee on waste managementBrazilian and international cities
Results
CityFee on waste management
Tokyo xMexico CityBarcelona x
Roma xParis x
New York xLondon x
Buenos Aires xLima x
Brasília-DF xSalvador x
Rio de Janeiro xGoiânia
São PauloBelo Horizonte x
PwC 21
OutsourcingBrazilian and international cities
Results
• On the concession contracts, most of the time, companies are financially responsible for infrastructure services, such as installation and expansion of landfills, transfer stations, trucks.
• Cities and experience with good governance practices deal with the segregation of duties and responsibilities.
CityHigh degree of outsourcing
Tokyo xMexico CityBarcelona x
Roma Paris x
New York xLondon x
Buenos Aires xLima x
Brasília-DF xSalvador x
Rio de JaneiroGoiânia
São Paulo xBelo Horizonte x
PwC 22
Final considerations
4
PwC 23
Challenges of the Municipal Solid Waste Management
Final considerations
• Local solutions to local problems
• Proper data collection and management systems
• Focus on waste reduction, reuse and building recycling rates
• Financially sustainable
• User inclusivity: Consultation, communication and involvement of users
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Marta Braconi
PwC Brazil
Patrick Dykmans
PwC Ecuador
Muchas gracias!