Globalizacion.docx23052014.docx

7/26/2019 Globalizacion.docx23052014.docx

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GLOBALIZACIN yPRIVATIZACiN: EL

SECTOR PBLICO ENMEXICO, 1982-1999


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GLOBALIZACIN yPRIVATIZACiN: EL

SECTOR PBLICO ENMXICO, 1982-1999


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NDICE

PRESENTACiN

PROGO

INTROD!CCiN

PRIMERA PARTE

E PAPEL DEL ESTADO " DELSECTOR PBLICO: TEORA " PR#CTICA

IX

XI

XVII

1

CAPT!LO 1$ MARCO CONCEPT!AL PARA E AN#LISISDEL ESTADO " DEL SECTOR PBLICO %1$1$ E E&'()* +*i( ) i./(i&0* &i*$ 81$2$ L( '*/( 0(/i&'( ) E&'()* (+i'(i&'($ 131$3$ L( *4+'5(i6(i74 y4&i(4(: E&'()* ) .i4&'(/$ 18

1$$ L( &5( ) ( CEPAL y E&'()* +/*0*'*/ ) )&(//**$ 211$%$ L( )*'/i4( 4*i./( ) E&'()* 04i0* y &5 0.('*4'/( &'*/ +.i*$ 2

CAPT!LO 2$ E PAPEL DEL INTERVENCIONISMOESTATAL EN E CAPITALISMO 3%2$1$ E E&'()* ) .i4&'(/ 4 *& +(&& (;(46()*&$ 382$2$ E E&'()* )&(//*i&'( 4 *& +(&& &5.)&(//*()*&$ 2

2$3$ E E&'()* i4'/;4i*4i&'( 4 *& +(&& (&i'i*&$ %

CAPT!LO 3$ E PAPEL DEL ESTADO " DEL SECTORPBLICO EN M3$1$ E E&'()* )&(//*i&'( y ( (0+i(i74 ) &'*/+.i*, 19=-19>=$ 93$2$ A5? y )i; ) &'*/ +.i*, 19>=-1982$ %@


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SEGUNDA PARTEGOBAZACIN y PRIVATIZACiN: AS TENDENCIASMUNDIALES !ACIA E DESMANTELAMIENTO DEL

SECTOR PBLICO "#

CAP$TULO %& A GOBALZACIN y SU IMPACTOSOBRE OS ESTADOS NACIONALES "9$1$ L*& /i&?*& ) ( ?*.(i6(i74 y ( i4'?/(i74 *470i($ >1$2$ E ('(5 4*i./( *4'/( E&'()* y &'*/ +.i*$ >9$2$1$ D&0(4'(0i4'* ) E&'()* )&(//*i&'($ 8=$2$2$ D&0(4'(0i4'* ) E&'()* ) .i4&'(/$ 8%

CAP$TULO #& E NUEVO PAPEL DEL ESTADO 89%$1$ L(& 54i*4& ) E&'()* 4*i./($ 91%$2$ E +(+ ) &'*/ +.i* ) (/( ( ( ?*.(i6(i74$ 9>

CAP$TULO "& EL PROCESO PRIVATIZADOR MUNDIAL 1'(@$1$ L( +/i;('i6(i74 *0* &'/('?i( ?*.(i6()*/($ 1=%@$2$ L( +/i;('i6(i74 4 +/*&* ) )&0(4'(0i4'*

&'*/ +.i*$ 1=8

TERCERA PARTELA PRIVATIZACiN ) EL DESMANTELAMIENTODEL SECTOR PBLICO EN MXICO EN ELMARCO DE LA GLOBALZACIN: 1982*1999 11(

CAP$TULO +& GLOBALZACIN, INTEGRACiN ySECTOR PBLICO 119>$1$ E E&'()* y &'*/ +.i* /4' ( '*/.i4*?*.(i6()*/: TLCAN$ 119>$2$ Mi* 4 *& +/*&*& ) ?*.(i6(i74 i4'?/(i74 *470i($ 12@>$3$ Mi* *0* +(& 0(5i()*/$ 132


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CAP$TULO 8& PRIVATIZACiN ) REORMA DELESTADO: PRO)ECTO SUPRANACIONA 1(98$1$ D i4'/;4i*4i&0* &'('( ( i4'/;4i*4i&0*

&5+/(&'('(: ( i4/4i( ) MI y) BM$ 118$2$ L( +/i;('i6(i74 y )&0(4'(0i4'* ) &'*/+.i* 4 *4&4&* ) F(&i4?'*4$ 188$3$ L( /*/0( ) E&'()* y ( +/i;('i6(i74$ 1%9

CAP$TULO 9& E PROCESO DE PRIVATIZACiN )DESMANTELAMIENTO DEL SECTOR PBLICO 1"+9$1$ L( +/i;('i6(i74 y ( '4*.5/*/(i($ 1@99$2$ L( +/i;('i6(i74 *0* &'/('?i( )&0(4'()*/() &'*/ +.i*$ 1>@9$3$H L(& /(& &'/('?i(& ) &'*/ +.i* y &5 4'/?(( ?/(4 (+i'($ 1829$$ E )&0(4'(0i4'* ) (& /(& &*i(&) &'*/ +.i*$ 199$%$ L( 45;( 54i74 ) E&'()*: ) /'*/ ( H/&('i&'(H$ 198

EP$OGO& 2'#

BIBLIOGRA$A ) !EMEROGRA$A& 219


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PRESENTACiN

P*/ ;i?&i0( 5i4'( *(&i74 I4&'i'5'* N(i*4( ) A)0i4i&'/(i74 P.i(& *0+( 4 +/&4'(/ 54( *./( 0/)*/( ) +/i0/ 5?(/ 4 /'(04 P/0i* N(i*4( ) A)0i4i&'/(i74 P.i(-INAP: "Globalizaciny Privatizacin: el Sector Pblico en Mxico, 1982-1999".

E4 &' '/(.(* &5 (5'*/(, R** Ci'(i 04)6 Oi;(, & +/*+*4 (/54( /;i&i74 '(4'* '7/i( *0* i&'7/i( ) +/i*)* 1982 ( 1999 4 '*0*( +(+ 5 (4 5?()* E&'()* y &'*/ +.i* 4 Mi*, .(* 54(&'/('?i( ) /)i04&i*4(0i4'* ) (+(/('* +.i* 5y* 0(/* )

//4i( 'i4 5?(/ 4 +/*&* ) ?*.(i6(i74 y /?i*4(i6(i74 )(0+i(& /(4(& ) ( ?*?/(( 054)i($

A * (/?* ) +/&4' ''*, & +*)/ *4&'('(/ i* *4)5'*/ ) ( 'J0'i( &'5)i()(, &5 *4'4i)* (.*/)( *& '7+i*& /(i*4()*& *4 (i4'/;4i74 ) E&'()*, y 45;* +(+ 5 *//&+*4) ( ( ()0i4i&J'/(i74 +.i( 4 54 *4''* ) /i4' +/&4i( ) &'*/ +/i;()*4 *& 0/()*& ) *0+'4i( 054)i( y, )&) 5?* +(/'ii+(4)* (J'i;( y (0+i(04' 4 *& +/*&*& ) )&(//** *470i* 4(i*4($

L(& (/('/&'i(& ) &'( *./(, )4*'(4 (& 5(i)()& ) 54( i4;&'iJ?()*/( /'i( y (5i*&( 5y(& +/*5+(i*4& ) 4'*/4* *470i*& /(4 4 54( '*0( ) +*&ii74 /&+'* ) *& +/*&*& ) ?*.(JIi6(i74 ( &(( 4(i*4( y 054)i($ E& 54 '/(.(* &/i* y .i4)&(//*()* 5y( 0'*)**?( y 4*5 '7/i* /&+()(4 ( (i)() ) (i4;&'i?(i74$

Si4 )5)( ''5* 5 (*/( +*40*& ( ( *4&i)/(i74 ) +.i* y )*& &'5)i*&*& ) 4(& ) i4;&'i?(i74 &i0i(/&, */0( +(/' ) *&

?/(4)& '0(& 5 *5+(4 ( (?4)( 4(i*4(, &5 '5/( & *.i?()(+(/( (0+i(/ 45&'/* (/;* ) *4*i0i4'*& 4 ( 0('/i($

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ADMINISTRACiN PBLICA


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PRLOGO

L*& 7;4& i4;&'i?()*/& 54i;/&i'(/i*& 5 & &'4 */(4)* 4*& &'5)i*& &5+/i*/& ) /( ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i(, &'45/i4)* (4(i6(/ &5& +/*5+(i*4& &*./ /50.* ) +(&0)i(4' ( /(i6(i74 ) '/(.(*& (()0i*& (0.ii*&*&,(.*/)(4)* *4 '*)( &/i)() y +/*54)i)() (&+'*& /5i(& ) ()i40i( ?*.(i6()*/( 5 & ( *4;/'i)* 4 54( +i)/( ) '*5 )45&'/( +/*.0'i( ('5( y, *4 &(& i4;&'i?(i*4&, ( 0i&0*'i0+*, 4*& &'4 (/'(4)* &*./ +/*&*& &i?4ii('i;*& +(/( )i5i)(/45&'/* 5'5/* *0* 4(i74$

E '/(.(* ) R** Ci'(i /44)6 Oi;( 5y* ''5* & G*.(i6(i74y +/i;('i6(i74: &'*/ +.i* 4 Mi*, 1982-1999$ & )

&4i( /;(4i( +(/( (5*& i4'/&()*& 4 *& *0+*&+/*&*& ) '/(4&*/0(i74 5 ;i; 45&'/* +(& -54)(04'(04' E&'()* y &'*/ +.i*- 4 *4''* ) ( ('5( ?*.(i6(i74$ S*./'*)* +*/5 & '/('( ) 54 (0+i* &'5)i* ) 5/' 0('/i6i4'/)i&i+i4(/i(, 5 /*? ''*& ) ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i(, )i&'*/i(, ) i4i( +*'i( y ) *4*0(, +(/( )(/ 54'( ) 54((0.ii*&( '(/(: 5/?(/ 4 (& '4&i*4& 4'/ +/*&* )?*.(i6(i74 y (& '4)4i(& +/i;('i6()*/(&, *0* .(& ) 54(+i(i74 ) )&0(4'(0i4'* ) &'*/ +.i* 4 Mi*,

)&+?()* )&) *0i46*& ) *& (K*& *4'( +/* *4'i45()*(&'( 45&'/*& )(&$

R** Ci'(i /44)6 Oi;( ('5(i6( 54 ).(' 5 & i4ii7 ( +(/'i/) ( 45;( ;/&i74 ) ( ?*.(i6(i74 i0+5&'( ( 054)* )&) 'i0* 5(/'* ) &i?* XX, 054)i(i6(i74 5 +*(/i6( *0* 454((4'& (& &*i)()&, *& +(&& y /?i*4&, y (/( ) 0(4/(;/'i?i4*&( 0+*./i0i4'* ) ;(&'*& ?/5+*& ) ( +*.(i74054)i($ I4*/+*/( (/'()(04' (& *4&54i(& ) 54 +/*&*i0+5&()* )&) i4&'(4i(& ()0i4i&'/('i;(& &5+/(4(i*4(& y 5*y &' /'i/()* (4' &5 /*'54)* /((&*, ( ?4/(i6(i74?*.(i6(i74 ) 0(&'(/ y (& +/*'&'(& &*i(& y i4/04'* )(& )0(4)(& ) +(/'ii+(i74 /( 5 (4 (& 0(y*/(&$

E'i;(04', ( (&i )*& )()(& ) i4ii()* +/i04'*, .((4 ) 0*)* 4*i./( 0i(4* )05&'/( 5 (*04i+/&4i( ) 0/()* y /+i?5 ) &'*/ +.i* 0)i(4'(& +/i;('i6(i*4& y )&/?5(i*4& ( 5'/(46(, /&5'(/*4+/*54)(04' )&'/5'i;*& ) (& .(&& ) 54 54i*4(0i4'*

5i./()*, &*&'4i)* y 5i'('i;* ) ( &*i)() y *4*0(4(i*4(& y, * 5 & &50(04' i0+*/'(4', ).ii'(/*4 ( (+(i)()


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/?5()*/(, /'*/( y &*./(4( ) E&'()* ( )/ *4'/* )&+(i*& &'/('?i*& ) ( ?&'i74 +.i( ( (& +*)/*&(& 5/6(& )(+i'( '/(4&4(i*4(, 5, 0*& ;i&'*, ( &(i)* +4(04'*/'(i)*$ D ( 5 54( +(/' 0)5(/ ) '/(.(* &5./(y( H)i; ) E&'()* )&(//*i&'( y ( 0(y*/ i4/4i( ) i4&'i'5i*4&

i4(4i/(& i4'/4(i*4(& 4 )i&K* ) (& +*'i(& +.i(&*0* ) i4i74 5 0(/( '/4&i'* ) 54 0*)* )5/' i4'/;4i74 &'('( ( *'/* )*4) +/;( i4'/;4i*4i&0*&5+/(&'('( y &5+/(4(i*4( ) (5'*/i)()& *(i6()(& 4F(&i4?'*4H$

L( /i74 /'i( ) ( (5'*/( &*./ ( +/i;('i6(i74 ) &+(i* +.i*+(/( */'(/ ( 0/()* y *& i4'/&& ?074i*& ) ?/(4 (+i'(,( ;(/*4 ( &K((/ 5 ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 ) *& (&54'*& +.i*& y (&

+/i4i+(& )i&i*4& ) +*'i( +.i( & /(i6(4 4 (& +5(&0+/&(/i(& ) *& ?/(4)& 4'/*& ) +*)/ *470i* i4'/4(i*4(+(/( )&+5& i0+*4/& ( 45&'/* +(& 4 */0( ) +/*?/(0(& y /*/0(&&'/5'5/(&$ L(& +/i;('i6(i*4& y /&('& ( 0+/&(/i*& */0(4 +(/') &'(& )i&i*4& (/.i'/(/i(& y )i&/i*4(& /(i6()(& +*/ (& i'&) +*)/ ( 0(/?4 ) ( &*i)()$ E (&* 0& /i4' * '40*& *4( ;4'( ) .(4* 0& i0+*/'(4' ) +(&, B(4(0, ( ?/5+* i4(4i/*Ci'i.(4 ) E&'()*& !4i)*&$

E& i0+*/'(4' 04i*4(/ 5 R** /&('( i0+*/'(4'& *4'/i.5i*4&

) &'5)i*&*& ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( 5 *4 &'(& '/(4&*/0(i*4&'(0.i4 (;i&*/(4 ( +/)i)( ) ?(4(4i(& &*i*-*470i(& *.'4i)(&4 +(&()*, ( 4&i)() ) )454i(/ +(&* ) 54 &'()* *.&* ( 54&'()* (0i* y 5&'i*4(/ *& /)5i*4i&0*& 5 i)4'ii(4 )J&0+K* ) &'*/ +/i;()* *4 ii4i( y 0)i* i45)i. +(/( *.'4/*0+'i'i;i)() i4'/4(i*4($ B(* &' 4*5 '7/i* & &5./(y( )0(4/( *+*/'54( 5 &'*/ +.i* 0(4'i4 54( +/&4i( i0+*/'(4'i45&i; 4 +(&& (ii()*& *0* *& i0+5&*/& ) (0.i* (i( i./ 0/()*, 0i4'/(& 5 *& +(&& &5.)&(//*()*& *0* 45&'/*

& '*/4(4 '/0i&'(& 0+/4)i4)* +*'i(& +.i(& ) )&0(4J'(0i4'* ) E&'()* y 4 *4/'* ) &'*/ +.i* &i4 &?5i/ +(&*&(5()*&$

L*& /&5'()*& ) ( i4;&'i?(i74 0+/4)i)( +*/ ( 0(&'/( Ci'(i/44)6 )05&'/(4 5 H( *+*/'54i)() ) ()/ ( (+i'(&,


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XIII

0/()*& y '4**?( 5 */'(.( ( /*/0( &(i4i&'( ) E&'()*, & ('*/4()* 4 54 i4/04'* ) 45&'/( )+4)4i( ( 54 &** 0/()* y45&'/( ;i/'5( '/(4&*/0(i74 4 +(& 0(5i()*/ ) *& E&'()*& !4i)*&,

5./(4'(4)* ( &*./(4( ) E&'()* 4(i*4($H A)0&, H /'i/* )E&'()* ) 05(& /(& y &'*/& ) ( *4*0( +(/( (./i/*& ( &J'*/ +/i;()* 4(i*4( y '/(4/* 4* &7* 4* ( &i?4ii()* 54 /i0i4'*y ( 0(y*/ ii4i( ) *& 0/()*&, &i4* 5 & ( '/()5i)* 4 54(()( 4 /i0i4'* ) ;(&'*& &'*/& ) ( *4*0( (& *0* 4&/i*& +/*.0(& ) i4ii4i( y *//5+i74 4 0(4* ) *& /5/&*&+.i*& '/(4&/i)*& * ;4)i)*& ( &'*/ +/i;()* .(4*& y (//'/(&Q4 0(y*/& 4i;& ) *44'/(i74 ) ( /i56( 4(i*4(Q 4 54(/(0i4'* 4 +/*&* ) '/(4/i6(i74 ) *& .i4& 4(i*4(&Q

y4 ( )/&'i( ()( 4 *& 4i;& ) i4?/&* ) ( +*.(i74$H

E i* *4)5'*/ ) +(4'(0i4'* ) '/(.(*, 5( &' /)('()* 4*/0( (04(, (/(, )i/'( y ?(4', & 5 '(4'* *& +/*&*&i4'/4(i*4(& *0* ( )i40i( 4(i*4(, *4)5/*4 ( ( /i&i& ) 54(0*)(i)() ) i4'/;4i*4i&0* &'('( 4 Mi*, +/* 4* ( &5 i4$ E (J04 '7/i*-i&'7/i* ) ( i4'/;4i74 &'('( 4 ( *4*0( ( 4i;?4/( y &+i(04' 4 Mi* /&('( ( i0+*/'(4i( 5 'i4/5//i/ ( (4i&i& i&'7/i* *0+(/()* ) ( */0(i74 ) (& i4&'i'5i*4&) E&'()* ) Bi4&'(/, (& *0* (& +(/'i5(/i)()& ) (& +*'i(&)&(//*i&'(& y ) (& )i&i*4& ) (0+i(/ i4'/;4i*4i&0* &'('(/4' ( (& i4&5ii4i(& +/*.()(& ) *& 0/()*&$ E4 &( *0+(/(i74i&'7/i(, 4* &7* & )( 54'( ) ( (0+i'5) ) +/*&*& 5 +*)/(0*&(ii(/ *0* H?*.(&H &i4*, * 0& i0+*/'(4', & ( /*4*i0i4'*) (& &+iii)()& 4(i*4(&, *&( 5 *y & 'i4) ( *;i)(/ ).i)*( (& +/&i*4& *0*?4i6()*/(& 5 +/*)4 ) (& *4*0(&4'/(&$

R** Ci'(i /44)6 Oi;( & *5+( ) (& '4&i*4& 4'/ +/*&*

) ?*.(i6(i74 y *& &'()*& 4(i*4(&,0& &+i(04', (+/i;('i6(i74 *0* 54( &'/('?i( ?*.(i6()*/( y *0* .(& ) +/*&*) )&0(4'(0i4'* ) &'*/ +.i*$ E(0i4( +(+ ) (0.i*i4'i*-'4i* +(/( +i(/ (& '4)4i(& ?*.(i6()*/(&, 5 5?*&*4 +/&()(& 4 i4&'(4i(& ()0i4i&'/('i;(& &5+/(4(i*4(&, 0i&0(&5 &'4 0+5(4)* ( 54( *)ii(i74 ) *& &+(i*& 4 5 & +5)y 4 *& 5 4* & ). (+'(/ ( i4'/;4i74 &'('($


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E 5&'i*4(0i4'* 0& &7i)* ( ( i)( ) 5 ( ?*.(i6(i74 &';(4)* ( 054)* ( 54 +/*&* ) *4;/?4i( 4 (& *4)ii*4& ))&(//**, & +/5.( 0)i(4' (04 ) ( )i40i( )&'/5'*/( )(& i4&'i'5i*4& ) .i4&'(/, &+i(04' i0+5&* ( ( 0/(4'iJIi6(i74 ) *& &'*/& )5('i;* y ) ( &(5), (&'( 4'*4& i/004'

(&4'()*& *0* H.i4& +.i*&H$

L( (5'*/( /'*0( y ('//i6( *& i0+('*& &+i*& ) )i*& +/*&*&) /*/0( &*./ E&'()* 0i(4*, 5.i(4)* ()0& ( )i40i( /J?i*4( 4 ( 5 4*& ;i0*& 4;5'*& 0)i(4' (& 4?*i(i*4& y (4'/()( 4 ;i?*/ ) T/('()* ) Li./ C*0/i* ) A0/i( ) N*/',&'(. 5 ( i/0( ) TLCAN, *0* *& *4;4i*& *4 *& */?(4i&0*&i4(4i/*& i4'/4(i*4(&, *0+/*0'4 (& (+(i)()& ) ?&'i74+.i( 4 '*)*& *& 4i;& ) ?*.i/4*, * 5 +/'i(04' 5i'( )

0(4*& 4(i*4(& )&'i4* .&i* ) 45&'/* )&(//**$

E *0+* +/*&* ) )&/?5(i74 & /;( *0* ( +i6( (; +(/(( i4'/*)5i74 ) (& 45;(& */0(& &'('(& y, )4'/* ) (&, ) ()i40i( /&'/i'i;( ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( 4 /(& 4'/(&: (&'*054i(i*4&, ( +'/*50i(, *& //*(//i&, *& +5/'*&,(/*+5/'*&, 0(4* ) /5/&*& 4('5/(&, )&+i?5 ) (& *./(&) i4/(&'/5'5/( &*i( y 5/.(4($

L( (5'*/( '*0( +(/'i)* y )i4) &5 +*&'5/( *4 ?/(4 &*i)6: 4* & +5)

4i & ). /?/&(/ ( ( i4'/;4i74 &'('( ) ;i* 5K*, +5& ( 5i./() E&'()* )&(//*i&'( & i//;/&i., +/* )&(//** 4(i*4( /5i/) (i*4& +.i(& /?5()*/(& y *4)5'*/(& ) ( *4*0( y (&*i)()$ L*& 0/()*& (4 &i)*, &*4 y &?5i/4 &i4)*, 54'& )4*/0& )&i?5()()& y 4* (y 4()( +(/i)* ( ( ;(i74?4/(i6()( ) *& 4i;& ) .i4&'(/$ P*/ '*)* &*, ( (i74 &'('( &54( +/i*/i)() y ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 ). &/ 54( //(0i4'( ) (y5)(+(/( ;(/ ( i(i( ) (& 0+/&(& +.i(&, 4* +(/( )&'/5i/(&$

C*0* '*/ * +*)/ *4&'('(/, '/(.(* /;( 54( *4&i&'4i(0'*)*7?i( 5 & /( 4 )&+i?5 */)4()*, */4' i4i&i;* ) &5& /(6*4(0i4'*& .&i*&$ E&'(0*& 4/4' ) 54 ''*

&7i)* y (/(04' +5/(, i/004' (&4'()* 4 /i*4& /'i(& )(& 0& ;(/i()(& *//i4'& ) +4&(0i4'* *470i*, )&) ( &5(

&i( (&'( 0(/i&0*, )&) ( &5( ;*5i*4i&'( (&'( (i4&'i'5i*4(i&'($ E4 '//4* ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i(, &

)&+i?(4 /('i;( 04'


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-.

*& /(6*4(0i4'*& ) ( Hi74 +.i(H y ) ( H45;( ()0i4i&'/(i74+.i(H$ L(& ;i)4i(& 0+/i(&$ +/*)4 * 0i&0* ) ''*& *ii(&5 i4)i;i)5(&, 4(i*4(& 5 i4'/4(i*4(&, ( (i)() y ( +/*54)i)()$&*4 ('/i.5'*& ) '/(.(* 4 &5 *454'*, )(4)* 54 ''* 5 i4;i'( ( (/i74, ( ).(' &*./ (& +/&+'i;(&$ E '*/ +*)/ *4&'('(/ 45&J'/(& (&;/(i*4&$

A/0345 A.4/6 B704


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INTRODUCCiN

L( ?*.(i6(i74 & 54 +/*&* 5 & &5&'4'( 4 )&+i?5 ) *&0/()*& y /'i/* ) E&'()* ) &5& '(/(& 54)(04'(& )

*4)5i74, /?5(i74 y +(4(i74 ) )&(//**$ E&' ?*.(i&0* y &5+/&i74 ('5( 4 0*)* 4*i./(, 4* &7* ( )&&'/5'5/()* ( *&E&'()*& 4(i*4(& /+?4)**& ( 54 04i0* i4)i&+4&(. y;*;i4)**& (+4)i& ) *& 0/()*& i4'/4(i*4(&$ T(0.i4 i6*&5+/5(& (& +*'i(& y ()0i4i&'/(i*4& +.i(& */i4'()(& ( 54)&(//** 4(i*4( y ( ( *4&5i74 ) 0*/& 4i;& ) .i4&'(/+(/( ( +*.(i74$ I4&'/5i)*& +*/ *& */?(4i&0*& i4(4i/*& i4'/4(i*4(&,*& E&'()*& y ()0i4i&'/(i*4& +.i(& +5&i/*4 ( 0i/( 4 *& 0/()*&'/4*&, y &5 &'/('?i( +(/( ('/(/*& & +*4/ 4 ;4'( * 0*/ ) &5&

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XVIII

(&* &i* & ) Mi*, 4 )*4) *& (0.i*& '*0(/*4 54 (5(/()* *4 (0()* (0.i* &'/5'5/( y ( ()*+i74 ) ( /*/0() E&'()*, +/*&*& +/*0*;i)*& +*/ 54( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( )ii4'

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N5&'/( +/*5+(i74 +*/ (5 5 (4 '*0()* &'*& +/*&*& 4Mi* y 5 &+(/(4 ( E&'()* y ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( ) ( ?&'i74 y*4'/* ) *& /5/&*& y &/;ii*& 54)(04'(& ) ( 4(i74 +(/( )+*J&i'(/i*& 4 &'*/ +/i;()*, 4(i*4( y '/(4/*, 5./(4'(4)* *4 * ((+(i)() ) +(4(i74, *4)5i74 y /'*/( ) E&'()* y ( /&+*4&(J

.ii)() ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( ( (;*/ ) i4'/& +.i* 4(i*4(,*4)5* ( ( (.*/(i74 ) ( +/&4' i4;&'i?(i74$ S5 +/*+7&i'* &,+5&, )0*&'/(/ 5 ( ('5( &'/('?i( ?*.(i6()*/( y *& +/*&*& )+/i;('i6(i74 ()*+'()*& +*/ *& ?*.i/4*& 4*i./(& ( +(/'i/ ) 1982,&7* *?/(/*4 )&+*(/ ( E&'()* ) &5& +/i4i+(& ('i;*& y /5/&*&&'/('?i*&, ).ii'(4)* &5 (+(i)() ) *4)5i74 y /'*/( ) ( 4(i74y /0+(6(4)* ( 54i74 &*i( /)i&'/i.5'i;( ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i(+*/ ( ) +/*0*'*/( y ?&'*/( ) *& +/*&*& ) 0/()* 054)i(&5 )i/i?4 (& 0+/&(& '/(4&4(i*4(&$

C*4 .(& 4 &'(& *4&i)/(i*4&, & &'(. 4 ( i+7'&i& 5 (&+/i;('i6(i*4& y )&0(4'(0i4'* ) &'*/ +.i* 4 Mi*, 4 +/i*)* 5 ;( ) 1982 ( 1999, );i44, +*/ 54 ()*, ) *& +/*&*& )?*.(i6(i74 i4'?/(i74 4 '(4'* )'/0i4(4'& '/4*& 5 i0+5&(4*& 0(4i&0*& ) 0/()* +*/ 0)i* ) *& (5/)*& *4 *4)*M*4'(/i* I4'/4(i*4( y B(4* M54)i(, y, +*/ *'/*, &*4 '(0.i4 /J&5'()* ) ( )ii4' ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( 0(4()( ) (&4&* y*4&*i)(i74 ) ( '4*.5/*/(i(, i' +*'i()i/i?4' 5 +/'4)i7 i0J+(4'(/ 54 45;* 0*)* ) )&(//** ) (/'/ ii4'i&'( y */i4'()*

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E (4i&i& ) &'*& (&+'*& 4*& ;7 ( ;/ii(/ 5 '(4'* *& +/*&*&'/4*& *0* *& i4'/4*& *4)5/*4 ( ( /i&i& ) 54( 0*)(i)() i4'/J;4i*4i&'( ) E&'()* +/* 4* ( i4 ) i4'/;4i*4i&0* &'('($ E )&J0(4'(0i4'* ) i0+*/'(4'& /(& y 54i*4& ) &'*/ +.i* ( +(/'i/) ( )&/?5(i74 y +/i;('i6(i74 ) &5& ('i;*& +*'4i(04' 0&

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18/268

*.'i;*& &*i(& y ) 5i)()$ L( +/i;('i6(i74, ( )&/?5(i74 y *&/&('& ) 0+/&(/i*& i4ii4'&, */0(4 +(/' ) (& 45;(& 54i*4&5 E&'()* y ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( ) ( /( ) ( ?*.(i6(i745'ii6(4 +(/( (ii'(/ ( *4&*i)(i74 ) *& ?/(4)& (+i'(& ( *&'( )05'i(/ ( 54i74 /'*/( y +(4ii()*/( ) E&'()* y ) (.)i(/ ( (

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(+i'(i&0* y 5 4 )i/4'& +/i*)*& i&'7/i*& (4 ?()* ( 5&'ii(/* )4*&'(/ ( (i74 &'('( y ( +/0(44i( ) *& &'*/& +.i*&$S '/('( ) (& &5(& ) i./(i&0* &i*, ( 0(/i&'(, y4&i(4(,+(i4( y 4*i./($ E4 &i?5i4' (+'5* 4*& (.*(0*& ( (04i&'7/i* ?4/( ) +/*&* i4'/;4i*4i&'( ) E&'()*, 4 '(4'*4704* i4/4' y *4&5&'(4i( ( )&(//** (+i'(i&'(, 5( )i*5?(/ ( ( +(4&i74 y )i;/&ii(i74 ) *& &'*/& +.i*& y ( (*/0(i74 ) *& E&'()*& ) .i4&'(/ 4 *& +(&& (;(46()*& y ) *&E&'()*& )&(//*i&'(& 4 *& +(&& &5.)&(//*()*&$

E4 'i0* (+'5* ) &'( +/i0/( +(/', /'*0(0*& (&* +(/'i5(/) Mi*, (4(i6(4)* +(+ )&0+K()* +*/ i4'/;4i*4i&0*&'('( 4 &5 )&4;*;i0i4'* i&'7/i* )5/(4' +/i*)* 5 (.(/( ((& ) )&(//**, +(4&i74 y )i; ) &'*/ +.i*: 19= ( 1982$E&' 0(/* i&'7/i*-*4+'5( 4*& +/0i'i7 *//*.*/(/ +(+ 54)(J04'( 5 50+4 *& E&'()*& y &'*/& +.i*& 4 54i*4(0i4'*y +(4&i74 ) (+i'(i&0*, +5& 4* &7* &i/;i/*4 +(/( *4&*i)(/ (5?y (& *4*0(& ) .i4&'(/ 4 *& +(&& )&(//*()*&, &i4* 5 *&+(&& ('/(&()*& 4* 5.i/(4 +*)i)* '/(4&i'(/ ( (&& ) )&(//** i4J

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19/268

L( &?54)( +(/' ) ( i4;&'i?(i74, )4*0i4()( Globalizacin yrivatizacin: la ten!encia %&n!iale 'acia el !e%antela%iento !elector blico, 4*& i4'/*)5 ( +/*.0( ) ( ?*.(i6(i74 y &5 i0+('*&*./ *& E&'()*& 4(i*4(& y &'*/& +.i*&$ A5 (.*/)(0*& (*/0( *0* ( ?*.(i6(i74 )'/0i4( *& +/*54)*& (0.i*& 4

54i*4(0i4'* y &'/5'5/( ) *& E&'()*& y ()0i4i&'/(i*4& +.i(&,)i&0i45y4)* (& /(& ) i454i( &'('(, /)i4i4)* ( ('5(i74 )(& ()0i4i&'/(i*4& +.i(& *0* +/*0*'*/(& ) 0/()*, /+?(4)*(& ('i;i)()& +.i(& i0+*4i4)* ( +/i0(( ) 0/()* 4 *& +/*J&*& *470i*&, &*i(& y ()0i4i&'/('i;*& 0)i(4' *& 0(4i&0*&) ( +/i;('i6(i74, )&/?5(i74 y i./(i6(i74$ E4 &'( +(/' 4*& i4'/J&( )&'((/ 5 ( ?*.(i6(i74 4* ( '4i)* 0i&0* i0+('* 4 '*)*&*& +(&&, +5& 0i4'/(& *& )&(//*()*& i0+5&*/& ) (& +*'i(&) Hi./ 0/()*H i4'/*)54 45;(& 0)i)(& +/*'i*4i&'(& y (0+(4&5& &'*/& +.i*&, (& 4(i*4& 04*& )&(//*()(& (+i(4 ) 0(4J

/( )*'/i4( *& +/*&*& ) (+/'5/( y /+i?5 ) &5& &'*/& +.i*&,).ii'(4)* *4 * &5 &*./(4( &'('( y ( (+(i)() ) ?&'i74 +.i((5'74*0($

E4 +/i0/ (+'5* ) &'( &?54)( +(/' & (4(i6(4 (& *4&54i(&) ( ?*.(i6(i74 y ( i4'?/(i74 *470i( 4 '(4'* 45;* 4'*/4* )54i*4(0i4'* ) *& E&'()*& y *0* +/*&*& 5 ;(4 )&0*4'(4)* (*& &'*/& +.i*& y &5& i4&'i'5i*4&$ E+*40*& 70* &'*& +/*J&*& *4)54 (/()(04' ( )&0(4'(0i4'* ) E&'()* .4J

('*/ y ) E&'()* )&(//*i&'(, y( ( /&'/5'5/(i74 y '(0.i4 )&J0(4'(0i4'* ) *& &'*/& +.i*&$ L*& *'/*& )*& (+'5*& &'4))i()*& ( )&/i.i/ y (4(i6(/ 45;* +(+ ) E&'()* y (&54i*4& ) &'*/ +.i* /*/0()*, (& *0* /* 5 50+4 (&+/i;(J 'i6(i*4& 4 *& +/*&*& ) /*0+*&ii74 ) (& /(i*4&4'/ E&'()* y 0/()* ( (;*/ ) &' 'i0*$

E4 ( '//( +(/', (a rivatizacin y el !e%antela%iento !el ectorblico en Mxico en el %arco !e la )lobalizacin: 1982-1999, /5J+/(0*& *& (4i&i& +/)4'& +(/( i4'/*)5i/4*& ( (&* +(/'i5(/ )Mi* 4 +/i*)* 4 5 & i4*/+*/(4 y *4&*i)(4 (& +*i'i(&)&0(4'()*/(& ) &'*/ +.i*: 1982-1999$ 5 +/*5+(i74 45&'/()0*&'/(/ 5 (& +/i;('i6(i*4& y )&0(4'(0i4'* ) &'*/ +.i*4 Mi* &'4 )'/0i4()*& '(4'* +*/ ('*/& '/4*& *0* +*/('*/& i4'/4*&, & )i/, +*/ *& +/*&*& ) ?*.(i6(i74 i4'?/(i74*470i( ( '/(;& ) T/('()* ) Li./ C*0/i* ) A0/i( ) N*/'


20/268

XXI

TLCAN, (& *0* +*/ 54( 45;( *//(i74 ) 5/6(& ( i4'/i*/ )(+(/('* +.i* ()0i4i&'/('i;* 0i(4*, 5 )( *0* /&5'()* (&4&* ) ( '4*/(i( *0* (& +*'i( i)4'ii()( *4 *& +/*&*&

+/i;('i&'(& y *4 *& ?/(4)& ?/5+*& i4)5&'/i(-i4(4i/*&$

A * (/?* ) '/& (+'5*& +i(0*& ( */0( *0* & 5/*4 i4*/+*J/(4)* *& +/*&*& 5 '/0i4(/*4 +*/ (//(4(/( E&'()* &5 54i74/'*/(, y( ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( &5 +(+ &*i( /)i&'/i.5'i;* y )+/*0*'*/( ) )&(//** *470i* y &*i($ SK((0*& 70* *& +/*&*&) ?*.(i6(i74 y ( '4*.5/*/(i(ii/*4) Mi* 54 +(& 0(5i()*/y70* (& +*'i(& 4*i./(& & 5/*4 i4'/*)5i4)* *4 (0.i*&'/5'5/( y ( /*/0( &(i4i&'( ) E&'()*, /*04)()*& +*/ *&

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E (.*/)( ) &'( +/*.0'i( & i4ii( *4 (04 ) (& *4&J54i(& 5 ( ?*.(i6(i74 ( '4i)* &*./ E&'()* y &'*/ +.i*,)&&'/5'5/4)**& +(/( ()5(/*& ( +/*&* ) i4'?/(i74 *4 *&E&'()*& !4i)*& ( '/(;& ) T/('()* ) Li./ C*0/i*, 5( )( &'(J.i)( 54( (0+i( )&/?5(i74 y 54 +/*?/(0( 'i;* ) +/i;(J'i6(i*4&, (4i&i& 5 (0*& 4 +/i0/ (+'5*$ E4 &i?5i4',*.&/;(0*& 70* & )( '/4&i'* ) 54 0*)* ) 5/' i4'/;4i74&'('( ( *'/* )*4) ( i4'/;4i74 & ) (/'/ &5+/(4(i*4(, 5()/i;7 ) ( i/0( ) *& (5/)*& *4 */?(4i&0*& i4(4i/*& i4'/4(Ji*4(& 5 i4'/*)5/*4 (& +*'i(& ) (5&' y i4ii* ) ( /*/0( )


21/268

XXII

E&'()*, 5y*& & /'*/& (4 &i)* *& +/*?/(0(& ) +/i;('i6(i74 y)& /?5(i74 $

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(+(i)() ) *4)5i74 y ?&'i74 +.i($

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22/268

PRIMERA PARTE

EL PAPEL DEL ESTADO "DEL SECTOR PBLICO:TEORA y PR#CTICA


23/268


24/268

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(7/60 E 7P/( P*/4+.IANGO!G

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y ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( (i( &5 /+i?5 y ).ii'(0i4'* y (+54'((0i4'* ) 0/()* *0* (?4' +/i0*/)i( ) *& +/*&*&*470i*& y &*i(&$ L( /'i( 4 '*0* ( /((&* ) E&'()* +*+5i&'(i4'/;4'*/ y ( i4*+/(4i( ) 54 &'*/ +.i* 4&(4()* y 5 )i*+(&* ( ( ()*+i74 ) 4*i./(i&0* *0* 45;* +(/()i?0( i0+5&*/) &'*& (0.i*&, 4*& *.i?( ( (/ 54( /;i&i74 i&'7/i( ) +(+)&0+K()* +*/ E&'()* y &'*/ +.i* 4 *& (K*& ) 5/'i4'/;4i*4i&0* &'('( y ) +(4&i74 (/()( ) &'*/ +.i*, (&*0* ) (& '*/(& 5 (4 +*0i6()* &*./ 5(/ ) E&'()* y(& ;i/'5)& * ;ii*& ) &'*/ +.i*$ E&' (04 4*& +/0i'i/ ;(5(/(&'( )74) y 70* E&'()* 4 Mi* 50+i7 *4 &5 /* ) *4)5'*/

+/i4i+( y /'*/ ) )&(//** *470i* y &*i( y +*/ 5 54i*4& y/(& /;(4'& ) &'*/ +.i* & ;i/*4 )&0(4'()(& y &5&'i'5i)(&+*/ *& 0(4i&0*& ) 0/()*$

E4 &'( +/i0/( +(/' ) '/(.(* 4*& +/*+*40*& (/ 54( /;i&i74'(4'* '7/i( *0* i&'7/i(, ) +(+ 5 ( 5?()* E&'()* 4 (+i'(i&0* 4 ?4/( y, 54)(04'(04', 4 ( ;*5i74 *470i(y &*i( ) Mi* ( +(/'i/ ) ( +(4&i74 ) &'*/ +.i*, * 5 4*&+/0i'i/ *0+/4)/ (/'/ ) *& (0.i*& +/*54)*& 5 & &'4


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I&MARCO CONCEPTUAL PARA EL ANLISIS DELESTADO ) DEL SECTOR PBLICO

E +(+ 5 5?( E&'()* 4 ( /?5(i74, *4)5i74 y, 4 ?4/(,()0i4i&'/(i74 ) (& &*i)()&, )'/0i4( 4(i0i4'* ) &'*/+.i*, 4 '(4'* *454'* ) i4&'i'5i*4&, */?(4i&0*&, )+(/'(04'*&,(?4i(& ) ?*.i/4*, 0+/&(& +.i(&, ('i;*& ?5./4(04'(&,i4&'/504'*& y 0(4i&0*& 5 & ((4 .(* *4'/* y 0(4* )i/'*) E&'()* y 5 50+4 54i*4& +.i(& ( '/(;& ) ('i;i)()&+*'i(&, ()0i4i&'/('i;(& y +/*)5'i;(&, *0* (& ('i;i)()& ) ?*.i/4*y ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 y +/*;i&i74 ) .i4& y &/;ii*&$ E */i?4 ) &'*/+.i* &' )i/'(04' (&*i()* ( ( +(/'ii+(i74 ) E&'()* 4 (

*4*0( y ( ( *4/i74 y */?(4i6(i74 ) &5 /(i74 *4 ( &*i)()( '/(;& ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i($ D (5 5 &' &'*/ & (y()&(//*()* &i?4ii('i;(04' ( * (/?* ) &i?* XX 4 54i74 ) i4/J04'* ) i4'/;4i*4i&0* &'('( y ) (& '(/(& +.i(& 5 )/i;(44 45;*& &'*/& ()0i4i&'/('i;*&, )i/4'& ) 0ii'(/ y ) i4(4i/*,*0* +/*)5'i;*, )5('i;*, ) i4/(&'/5'5/(, .i4&'(/ y 5'5/(, +(/((/ /4' ( (& 4&i)()& /i4'& ) 54( *4*0(, &*i)() y?*.i/4*, 0& *0+*& y )i;/&ii()*&$

P(/( *& *.'i;*& ) &' '/(.(*, 0*& *4;4i)* 4 )i4i/ '/0i4*&'*/ +.i* *0* 4' 4(/?()* ) /(i6(/ '*)(& (& ('i;i)()& y54i*4& +*'i(& y ()0i4i&'/('i;(& +(/( *& i4& y '(/(& ) E&'()*,('i;i)()& 5 4 '/0i4*& ?*.(& /(i6( ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( 4;i/'5) ) 5 & i4&'/504'* */?(4i6()*/ ) E&'()*, +*/ * 5 *4+'* & 5&( i4)i&'i4'(04' ( ) ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i($ HE 0.i'*) &'*/ +.i* -4*& )i L5i& I4*&'/*6( 04)6- (.(/( 54( &/i) (i*4& 5 & /(i6(4 4 +(4* ) ?*.i/4* y ()0i4i&'/(i74 ) 54+(& )'/0i4()*, (& *0* 4 ( ('i;i)() +/*)5'i;( ) (& 0+/&(&+.i(&, 4 (& /(& &'/('?i(& y +/i*/i'(/i(& ) )&(//** 4(i*4($$$$EI 0.i'*i4&'i'5i*4( ) SP &'*/ +.i* &' )'/0i4()* +*/ ( ()0i4i&'/(i74

A5i 4* 5/0*& )i/ 5 &'*/ +.i* &( * 0i&0* 5 ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i(, y( 5 &'( i&' )&) 5i&' +('* &*i( y 5./ 54i*4& y 0.i'*& ) ('5(i74 '(4 '4&*& *0* (& +/*+i(& 4&i)()& ))&(//** 50(4*, *0+/4)i4)* '*)(& (5(& ('i;i)()& ()0i4i&'/('i;(& 5 /?5(4 y *()y5;(4 ( 0(4'4/y +/&/;(/ */)4 &*i( &'(.i)*, *0* ( +/*+i)() +/i;()($ C(/*& U5(4 B*44i4, 54)()*/ ) ( 0*)/4(i4i( ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74, )i4 ( ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( *0* H54( +*'4i( 5 (//?(, *//i? y 0*/(5(4'* i&', y )( 54( )i/i74 0& *4;4i4' ( *& &/& */?(4i6()*& y ( (& *&(&$H A& *4i. ( la()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( *0* )i/i74 ) &'()*, 4* *0* 54( i4&'i'5i74 * 0(4i&0* &'('( &i4* *0*'4**?( ) &'()* 5 ('( &*./ ( &*i)(), *0* 7/?(4* ( '/(;& ) 5( ('( 5/+* +*'i*$ V/O0(/ G5///*$ /ntr+!&ccin ( ( !%initrac in Pblica. Mi*, E)$ ARLA$ 198%, +$ 92$


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GLOBALIZACIN y PRIVATIZACiN: EL8 SECTOR PBLICO EN M


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) +4&(0i4'* 'i4 5?(/ *4 *& (0.i*& +*'i*&, *470i*& y&*i(& 5 )i/*4 */i?4 4 E5/*+( ( ( '(+( i4)5&'/i(, +*4i4)* i4 (

( /( ) ( &/;i)50./$ D (5 5 *4&'i'5y( 54 &i&'0( '7/i* 5& (+*y( &*./ (?54*& ) *& (&+'*& +5i(/& ) &i&'0( +*'i* y*470i* ) ( E5/*+( ) i4& ) &i?* XVIII y +/i4i+i*& ) XIX, *0* (&4&* ) (+i'(i&0* i4)5&'/i( 4 I4?('//(, ( *4+i74 ) 54*/)4 4('5/( y 54 )/* i4)i;i)5(-4 *+*&ii74 ( )/* )i;i4*-, (i./'() *470i( y ( 0/?4i( ) E&'()* 0*)/4*$

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L( )*'/i4( 0/(4'ii&'(, 5 */ 4 ( +*( ) (5? ) (+i'(i&0**0/i( &i?*& XVII y XVIII, &i'( ( E&'()* *0* +i6( (; 4

)&(//** ) 0/()*$ " &'* 4* & 4 ;(4*, y( 5 ( +(4&i74*0/i( ) 5'/(0(/, .(& ) ( (505(i74 ) (+i'(& 5 )i* */i?4( ( R;*5i74 I4)5&'/i( y +/*+ii7 ( *45i&'( y +*'(i74 ) (&**4i(&, 4/i5i4)* ( *& +(&& 4'/(&, 5 i0+5&()( y+/*+ii()( +*/ *& E&'()*& 4(i*4(& *4 0*4(/5(& (.&*5'(& 5*4 &5& +*'i(& +/*'i*4i&'(& y .(* */0(& ) */?(4i6(i74 +*'i((0/( y ) +*i(, )&(//*(/*4 y */'(i/*4 54( *4*0( )0/()* ( 0i&0* 'i0+* 5 (/4'(.(4 +*)/* &'('( y (*/0(i74 ) 54( +*)/*&( .5/*/(i($

Si4 0.(/?*, ( +/0(44i( ) 54 */)4 ) 7)i?*&, &(4i*4& y((.((&, &'* &, ) +/i;i?i*& y )/*& 5)(& 5 0(4'4( (()0i4i&'/(i74 (.&*5'i&'(, /4(.(4 ( ;*5i74 y (&4&* ) (+i'(i&0*i4)5&'/i($ E& +*/ &'* 5 4* ) ( )*'/i4( i./(, 4 *4'/(&' *4 0/(4'ii&0*, & E&'()* 04i0*, & )i/, E&'()* 5 ).

, Ai& ) T*5;i 4*& /('( 5 ( i4(& ) &i?* XVIII, ( 4*.6( /(4&( (.i( )()* ) // (()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( y )/( &5 *+54i( y +*)/$ +/* &?5( *4&/;(4)* )/*& 5&i;*&:HL(& &5&'i'5i*4&$ )/* ) +/i0*?4i'5/($ 105 '/i.5'*&, 0(&'/(6?*$ '*)*& 105 /&'*& ) ( ;i(&*i)() 5)( &5.&i&'(4 (4H$ y 5$ &?4 T*5;i$ ( ((4 H*)i*&(H$ El nti)&o y 18R;*5i74, 1. E&+(K($ Ai(46( E)i'*/i($ 1982$ +$28$


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GLOBALIZACIN y PRIVATIZACiN: EL10 SECTOR PBLICO EN M


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E i./(i&0* *470i*, +*/ &5 +(/', +/&i?5i7 ( i)( ) i4)i;i)5(i&0*4 ( *4&5i74 ) 0i0* .i4&'(/ &*i(, &i4 *'/( ?5( 5 ( H0(4*i4;i&i.H 5 */i4'( &5 *4)5'($ S?4 &'*, &i&'0( *470i* *+/(*0* 54 0(4i&0* 4('5/( y &+(/()* ) * +*'i*, 5 *4)5 +*/ &0i&0* ( 5ii./i* y 54i*4(0i4'* 7+'i0*& ( '/(;& ) ( ('5(i74&+*4'4( ) *& i4)i;i)5*&, *& 5(&, ( +/&?5i/ &5 +/*+i* i4'/&i4)i;i)5( &i4 4i4?4 'i+* ) i4'//4i(&, *0* (& &'('(&, y .(* /i'/i* ) *.'4/ 54( ;4'(( 0i0( +(/( &, *?/(4 54( 0*/ (&i?4(i74) *& /5/&*& y ( 0(i0i6(i74 ) *& .4ii*& ) ( *054i)():HC()( i4)i;i)5* 4 +(/'i5(/ -)( A)(0 S0i'- & ((4( *4'i45(04'4 .5&(/ 0+* 0& ;4'(*&* +(/( (+i'( ) 5 +5) )i&+*4/$L* 5 )&) 5?* & +/*+*4 & &5 +/*+i* i4'/&, 4* ) ( &*i)()Q

+/* &'*& 0i&0*& &5/6*& (i( &5 +/*+i( ;4'(( i4i4(4 ( +//i/,) 54( 0(4/( 4('5/(, * 0& .i4 4&(/i(, 0+* 0& 'i ( (&*i)() *0* '(H$H S i)4'ii( *4 ( i)( /4(4'&'( ) 5 i./0/()* & 0*/ 0)i* ) (&i?4(i74 ) /5/&*& y 4i* *4(+(i)() ) (5'*//?5(/ (& ('i;i)()& *470i(& +/i;()(&$

L( )*'/i4( ) i./(i&0* *470i* * i./(0.i&'(, 5y( */05(i740& (/( & ( &4'4i( ) H)(/ (/, )(/ +(&(/H @laiez ?aire,laiez aerA , & i)4'ii( y (.*?( +*/ *& i4'/&& ) ( .5/?5&( i4J

)5&'/i( 4 (&4&*$ D (5 5 &5& +/0i&(& & 4(0i4(/(4 ( ( (.*Jii74 ) (& /&'/ii*4& ( *& i4)5&'/i(& ( '/(;& ) ( +/*0*i74 )+*'i(& *470i(& 5y*& +54'*& .&i*& &*4 i./ 0/()*, +/&5J+5&'* .((4()* ( '/(;& ) 54( +*'i( ) ?(&'*& +.i*& 04i0*&,( i./(i6(i74 ) 0/()* ) '/(.(* y 54( +*'i( i&( 5 4* i4'/i/(4 (& ?(4(4i(& ) *& 0+/&(/i*&$

T(0.i4, y *0* (&+'* 4'/( ) ( )*'/i4(, & +/*+5&* ( i0i4(i74) (& /&'/ii*4& ( *0/i* y &5 i4'4&ii(i74 0)i(4' (+/*;J

(0i4'* ) (& H;4'((& *0+(/('i;(&H ) ( )*'(i74 ) /5/&*& )*& )i;/&*& +(&& ) 054)*$ E4 '/0i4*& ) D(;i) Ri(/)*, &i?4ii(.(5 ()( +(& +/*)5/( $$$$$(5*& (/'5*& 5, ).i)*( &5 i0(, &5&i'5(i74 y )0& ;4'((& 4('5/(& * (/'iii(&, &*4 +/*+i*&$$$",6i4'/(0.i4)**& +*/ *& +/*)5i)*& 4 *'/*& +(&&$ E i./ *0/i*,*.;i(04', ?(/(4'i67 (.(&'i0i4'* ) 0('/i(& +/i0(& y /5/&*&4('5/(& ( *& 4'/*& i4)5&'/i(& ) (& 0'/7+*i& 5 *& /5/(4

sA)(0 S0i$ /nveti)acin obre la nat&raleza y ca&a !e la riB&eza !e la nacione. Mi*$ E) $ CE$ 199>$p.400 .

D(;i) Ri(/)*$ Princiio !e econo%#a ol#tica y trib&tacin. Mi*$ $C$E$$ 19>3$p. l0l.


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i;i, ( /+/&4'( +5& );i4 ) &5 )i;i&i74 4 (&& (4'(?74i(&+(/( (0*/'i?5(/ y *4ii(/ &5& (4'(?*4i&0*&$ E&'* &i?4ii( 5 E&'()*& /+/&4'(4' *ii( ) '*)( ( &*i)() y &5 &4'&i& 4 54 5/+*&*i( ;i&i., +/* * & &7* *0* E&'()* ) ( (& )*0i4(4'$

E 0(/i&0* &5/? 4 +/i*)* ) */'(i0i4'* ) *& E&'()*&4(i*4(& ) E5/*+( y 5(4)* (+i'(i&0* /( y( )*0i4(4' *0*&i&'0( 054)i( M(/, E4?&, y & 4/i5 *4 (& (+*/'(i*4& )*& '7/i*& ) i0+/i(i&0* 4 ( '(+( 0*)/4( ) (+i'(i&0*, 5(4)*

/i4* ) ( i./ *0+'4i( )( &5 5?(/ ( ) *& 0*4*+*i*& L4i4,G/(0&i, i/)i4?, L50.5/?*, M(?)*, OC*44*/, P(*i, P*5(4'6(&,C(&'&$ N* & ))i7 5&i;(04' ( (/ 54( /'i( ) (*4*0( +*'i( &i( y ) (+i'(i&0* ) &5 'i0+*, &i4* 5*4&'i'5y '*)* 54 (+(/('* '7/i* +(/( (4(i6(/ *& +/*&*& &*i(&,*470i*& y +*'i*& 4 &5 );4i/ i&'7/i* y &5 *4('4(i74 4'/*& .(* 54( 45;( +/&+'i;( '*'(i6(4' y )i('i(: ( )0('/i(i&0* i&'7/i*$

E&'( ;i&i74 i&'7/i( y )i('i( (4(i6( y /i'i( ( E&'()* (+i'(i&'(4'4)i4)** *0* ( &4'&i& y +/&i74 ) ( &*i)(), *0* ( */0() */?(4i6(i74 y 7/?(4* ) )*0i4(i74 ) ( (& (+i'(i&'(, 5./*'( ) ( &*i)() +/* 5 & &i'( +*/ 4i0( ) ( y & )i;*/i(()( ;6 0& ) (, (i(46(4)* y ?(i6(4)* &'( *+/&i74 y (0*/J'i?5(4)* *& *5& 4'/ (& (&& 0)i(4' (+(/('*& ) +*)/ )E&'()*, *0* ( .5/*/(i(, /i'* +/0(44' y ( +*i( 5, (i?5( 5 E&'()*, &'4 &i'5()*& +*/ 4i0( ) ( &*i)() y &+(/()*&

7 Cf. (4& M(/$ HL( ?5//( i;i 4 /(4i(H, )/i* E4?&$ HD &*i(i&0* 5'7+i* ( &*i(i&0* i4'i*H,HE */i?4 ) ( (0ii(, ( +/*+i)() +/i;()( y E&'()*H, 4 +bra Eco)i!a en !o o%o. M*&, E)$ P/*?/&*,

19%%Q V()i0i/ IIi L4i4$ El Eta!o y la *evol&cin. E&+(K($ E) $ P(4'(-A?*&'i4i, 1993$


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R** Ci'(i 04)6 Oi;( 15

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.5/?5&-, * 4 y& 4('5/(& (4' (& 5 4()( +5) (/ *0./,&i4* 4 +/*+i* 0*)* ) +/*)5i74 (+i'(i&'( &5&'4'()* 4 (+*'(i74 ) '/(.(* (&((/i()* y ( (+/*+i(i74 +/i;()( ) ( /i56( y

) 5 E&'()* (+i'(i&'( & &4'&i& y +/&i74 activa."

Si4)* (& E&'()* 0*)/4*H $$$ 54( */?(4i6(i74 /()( +*/ ( &*i)().5/?5&( +(/( )4)/ (& *4)ii*4& '/i*/& ?4/(& ) 0*)*(+i'(i&'( ) +/*)5i74 *4'/( *& ('4'()*&, '(4'* ) *& *.//*& *0*) *& (+i'(i&'(& i4)i;i)5(&H ,12 ( '*/( 0(/i&'( ('/i.5y ( E&'()*

) *& (+i'(i&'(& 54( 54i74 &+i( +/* 54)(04'(: ( ) /(/ y?(/(4'i6(/ (& *4)ii*4& ?4/(& ) i&'4i( ) ( (& 4 +*)/$A5 ( *4+i74 ) E&'()*-+*i( ) ( ;i&i74 &i( & (0+( ( *'/(&05(& 54i*4& 5 +/0i'4 /(/ y //(/ &'(& *4)ii*4& )( &*i)() (+i'(i&'( y 4* '(4 &7* /&?5(/)(/(&, +5& 54'* ( ( 54i74*470i( 5 ) 0(4/( )i/'( i4)i/'( +/0i' ( E&'()* /(/(& *4)ii*4& 0('/i(& ) ( /+/*)5i74 (+i'(i&'(, & (44&(/i(& ( 54i74 5/)i*-+*'i( ) )*0i4(i74 y ( 54i74 i)*7?i() &5.*/)i4(i74, 54i*4& 5 /(i6( E&'()* 4 ( 0*)/4( &*i)()(+i'(i&'( ( '/(;& ) ( ('i;i)() */?(4i6()*/( 5 )&0+K( (()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i( 0)i(4' 0(4* ) ( )0(4)(, &*i(i6(4)**& *&'*& y 0(4'4i4)* ( +(6 &*i( y ( &'(.ii)() +*'i($

A)0&, ( i4/4i( &'('( 4 ( ;i)( *470i( y &*i( & ( i)*i4/04'(4)* *4*/0 )&(//** ) (+i'(i&0* (4'5(.( *&*0+*44'& ) i4&'(.ii)() i4/4'& ( +/*&* ) (505(i74 y5 4i 0/()* 4i ( (& 4 +*)/ +*/ & &**& +5)i/*4 i./(/ &i4 (5ii* ) E&'()* y ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i($ E /*4*i0i4'* ) (i0+*'4i( ) ( (& (+i'(i&'( +(/( )i/i?i/ 54i*4(0i4'* 4*/0( )

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S 4'i4), +*/ '*)* * (5 )i*, 5 E&'()* & 54i*4( ( ( /+/*J)5i74 ) (+i'( y 5 /i0i4'* ) &'*/ +.i* 4* & (4'(?74i*( ( (505(i74 ) (+i'( +/i;()* &i4* 54 +///5i&i'* ( &5 +/*+i(i&'4i($ Si4 0.(/?*, '(0.i4 i&'4 (&+'*& )i&54i*4(& * 4J?('i;*& ( &( 0i&0( /+/*)5i74 y 5 5/&* ) )&(//** (+i'(i&'(5 )0*&'/(4)*$ L( (505(i74 (+i'(i&'( ;( i4;*5/(4)* ( E&'()*4 54( ?(0( ()( ;6 0& (0+i( ) /&+*4&(.ii)()& 5 5/*4*0+i(4)* 0(4* ) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 +.i(, +/* ( 0i&0* 'i0+*(7 ( (+(/('* &'('( ) ( +*&i.ii)() ) /&*;/(&, y( 5 *& ?(&'*&/i4'& ) 0i&0* 4* &*4 *0+4&()*& *4 &5& i4?/&*&$

L( (0+i(i74 ) ( i4/4i( ) E&'()* +(/( /?5(/ ( *4*0( y

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Cf. M(45 C(&'&$ (a teorla %arxita ) la crii econ%ica y la tran?or%acione !el caitali%o. M$, E)%XXI, 19>8Q (4 G*5?$ HG(&'*& ) E&'()* 4 (+i'(i&0* (;(46()*H, 4 $R$ %=44'(? y $ V(i*&$ El Eta!o4 el caitali%o conte%or$neo. M$, E)$ %$XXI, 19>>$' O0(/ G5///* 4*& )i 5 H +(5+/i&0*, ()0& ) /+/*)5i/&, +/*)5 )ii4i(& 4 ( &(5), 4 (/+/*)5i74 ) ( 5/6( ) '/(.(* y 4 (& (5'()& /('i;(& i4''5(& ) *& +*./&$ P*/ '(4'*, (()0i4i&'/(i74 '5'(/ ) E&'()* (.(/(, ()0& ) (& i4&'i'5i*4& ) .4i4i(, *'/(& 0& ) &?5/i)()&*i(, &(5) y +/*'i74 ( &((/i*$ I45&i; *& 0i4i&'/i*& y */?(4i&0*& )&4'/(i6()*& ) E&'()* 4(/?()*&) ( ()0i4i&'/(i74 '5'(/, ?(4 ( (.&*/./ .54( +(/' ) +/&5+5&'* (45( ) ( ()0i4i& '/(i74 +.i( 4 *&

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4 A (y$ (a reo%tion ?atale. '$ P*/ $ G5i4 R*0*$ (a cotrtrevot&cton neoiberao M$, ERA, 199>,p.45.

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