Glosario_lengua Inglesa

7/24/2019 Glosario_lengua Inglesa

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DESCRIBING PEOPLES APPEARANCE

AGE

Toddler:a child who has just started to walk but may be

unsteady on his or her feet.

Senior citizen:an old age pensioner.Middle-aged:being of the age intermediate between youth

and old age, roughly between 45 and 65.Average height:Average weight:Heavyset:having a large body, stocky; stoutPhysical challenged:Sight impaired:Hearing impaired:In his early forties:In his mid-thirties:In his late twenties:

Grown-p

AG! I"I#MS$o can%t teach an old dog new tric&s:She%s the wrong side of '(:He%s over the hill:He%s getting on a )it now:

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

*to+ ta&e after: to resemble (another person, as in appearance,behavior, etc. My daughters take after my wife.! to follow or

chase. The police took after him.*to+ loo& li&e: to resemble. She looks just like her father."o have

the appearance of; seem to the eye to be. He looks like hes

working."o seem to the mind to be. Things look like they cant get

much worse."o be probable that. It looks like well be late.Haggard:tired or e#hausted in appearance; worn; gaunt. The

haggard faces of refugees.,rec&le: a small brownish spot on the skin that may be darken on

e#posure to sunlight.

rin&le:a small crease on the skin, as from aging; a slight ridgein a fabric, as from folding..omple/ion:the natural colour, te#ture, and appearance of the

skin; appearance.Pierce:to penetrate or go through (something, as a pointed

object does; to make a hole or opening in; to make a hole by or as

if by drilling.Spot:a mark made by something unwanted, such as dirt; a small

blemish or other mark on the skin; a small part if a surface

di$ering from the rest in colour, appearance or character.Mole:a small spot or blemish on the human skin, present from

birth, usually of a dark colour.0irthmar&:a minor spot on a person%s skin at birth.Scar: a mark left by a healded wound.


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Sallow: (&dj. of an unhealthy pale or yellowish colour.Swarthy:dark'coloured, used about skin.Athletic: physically t or strong; muscular or active; looking

strong and as if you are good at sports.A medim1heavy1slim )ild: how fat or thin you are.

Gorgeos:splendid in appearance; beautiful; very attractive.Tanned: yellowish brown; having a darker skin than usual, after

spending time in the sun.ell-)ilt:Gangling 1 gangly:(lanky with long, thin arms and legs and

rather awkward movements, often used of men and boys.Portly:with a fat stomach and chest, often used humorously

about older men.Stot:with a )uite fat, solid body, used of men and women..orplent:fat (formal, literary wordiry:Ponytail:a hairstyle in which the hair is gathered at the back of

the head and fastened so as to hang freely there.,ringe1)angs:A )ald patch:an area on the head where there is no hair.0ald:no hair on the head.To )e going a )it thin on top:A centre parting:the line on the middle of your head made by

dividing your hair with a comb.A side parting:Tied )ac&:"readloc&s:a way of arranging your hair, popular with

*astafarians, in which it hangs in thick pieces that look like rope.

Spi&y:hair that is spiky is sti$ and stands up on top of your head.Shaved:

o HAI2

Glossy:+hiny and in good condition.Greasy:dirty and oily.3ac&lstre:lacking life and without shine.3an&:thin, straight and unattractivePermed:that has been made curly by means of a chemical

treatment.Tangled:very untidy and, because it has not been combed,

full of knots.4n&empt: very untidy, hasn%t been combed and probably

needs to be cut.5ever a hair ot of place: her hair is always neat and

tidy.

f someone has had their hair ct, their hair is now

shorter. f someone is losing his hair, the hair on his head is

falling out and he is )ecoming )ald. f someone has dyed their hair, they have changed

the colour of it by using a special substance.


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o ,AT.h))y:fat but in a pleasant, healthy way (often used for

children; used to describe a whole body or parts of the

body.

,la))y:having loose fat where there should be muscle(used to describe a whole body or parts of the body.Plmp:pleasantly fat (often used instead of the word fatT))y:+hort and a little fat (often with a large stomach

(used to describe a whole body"o)le chin:fat around the chin.

f someone has gained weight(-+ -/ orpt on

weight(-/, they are fatter than they were before. f someone has lost weight, they are now thinner.

o THI51!A60ony:very thin, so that all you can see is 0esh'covered

bone (used to describe parts of the body,rail:thin and very weak (used to describe a whole body

and often used to describe old people3an&y:very tall and thin, and usually moving awkwardly.Pny:weak, thin and without muscles (used to describe a

whole body or parts of the bodyScrawny:unattractively thin and weak'looking (used to

describe a whole body or parts of the bodyS&inny: very thin (used to describe a whole body or parts

of the body

o ST2#5G0rly:strong and heavy (used to describe a whole bodyStoc&y:+hort, heavy and strong (used to describe a whole

bodyStrapping:big, tall and strong (used to describe a whole

body

o 7!20S

*to+ )lin&:to )uickly open and close your eyes.

*to+ )lsh:to go red when you are embarrassed.*to+ frown:to draw one%s eyebrows together because one

is either annoyed or concentrating.*to+ grin:smile broadly because you are very pleased !

though a grin can also be sinister.*to+ grit yor teeth:to put your teeth tightly together,

specially because something is hurting you.*to+ lic&:move your tongue across the surface of

something.*to+ scowl:to have an angry or hostile e#pression when

you disapprove of something.

*to+ sneer:you sneer to show your contempt1lack ofrespect.


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*to+ wince:to grimace when something is hurting you or

when you are remembering something embarrassing.*to+ win&:to close and open (one eye )uickly, often as a

hint or signal.*to+ yawn:you yawn when you are tired or bored.

IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS:

To keep/have an/yo! ea! "o "he #!on$: to be

attentive of what is happening or is about to happen.

To %&e "h!o#h yo! "ee"h: to tell an outright lie.

To %o'e (a)e:to lose the respect of other people.

To p%ay &" *y ea!:to decide what to do according to how a

situation develops.

To $o 'o+e"h&n# *y "he 'k&n o( yo! "ee"h:to only just

manage to do something. To 'ee eye "o eye on 'o+e"h&n#:to agree about

something.

To "!n a *%&n$ eye on "o 'o+e"h&n#:to deliberately

ignore something.

To "!n yo! no'e p a" 'o+e"h&n#: to think something

is not good enough for you.

No" "o *e a*%e "o #e" one' "on#e !on$:(for a word

or phrase to nd a word or phrase very di2cult to

pronounce.

So+e"h&n# )a")he' yo! eye:you notice somethingbecause it is particularly attractive, unusual or interesting.

To *e a%% ea!': can%t wait to hear.

My %&p' a!e 'ea%e$:(informal will not tell anyone what

you have just told me.

I%% neve! *e a*%e "o 'ho, +y (a)e &n "he!e/he!e

a#a&n: feel too embarrassed to go to a particular place

because have previously done something embarrassing

there.

I"' on "he "&p o( +y "on#e: know it but (annoyingly

just can%t recall it.

-ACIAL EXPRESSION

Po"&n#:positioning their lips in a se#ually attractive way.

G!&+a)e:make an e#pression of pain or strong dislike.

S)o,%e$:gave a bad'tempered, angry look.

Lee!&n#:looking in an unpleasant, se#ually interested way.

MANNERISM

Sh!##e$ one' 'ho%$e!': lift one%s shoulders up and down to

show one don%t know or can%t answer. -o%$ one' a!+':cross one arm over the other close to one%s body.

C!o'' one' %e#':cross one leg over the other while sitting.


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B&"e' one' na&%':

P&)k' one' no'e:

C%en)h one' .'":close one%s hand as if to hit someone.

Tap one' .n#e!':make )uick, light hitting movements, eg. 3n a

table.

AYS O- DRESSING

Done p/D!e''e$ p %&ke a $o#' $&nne!:wearing clothes which

made her look silly when she had dressed for a formal occasion

(informal Done p/D!e''e$ p "o "he n&ne':wearing very stylish and

fashionable clothes, often for a particular occasion (informal D!e''e$ "o k&%%:intentionally wearing clothes to attract attention

and admiration.

Yo! #%a$ !a#':your best clothes (informal M""on $!e''e$ a' %a+*:dressed in a way more suitable for a

younger woman (mutton is meat from a older sheep, whereas lamb is

meat from a young sheep ! (informal, disapproving Do,n0a"0hee%:wearing old clothes that are in bad condition because

of not having enough money. A +&$$%e0a#e 'p!ea$: fat around the waist that sometimes

develops as you get older. B""e! ,o%$n" +e%" &n 'o+e*o$y +o"h: someone could never

do anything wrong. Look "he pa!": look suitable for a particular situation.

The 'p&""&n# &+a#e o(: look e#actly like.

CLOTHES

Ba!e:describes a part of the body that is not covered by clothes.

Ca'a%:describes comfortable clothes such as jeans that you

wear specially when you are not at work. Co""on:a material made from a plant that is used for many

clothes, such as "'shirts. Den&+:a thick, often blue, material that is used to make jeans.

A hoo$:a part of a jacket or sweater, etc that goes over your

head. Lon#0'%eeve$ / 'ho!"0'%eeve$:with sleeves that are long1short.

Ma"e!&a%:what clothes are made out of, for e#ample cotton, wool

or denim. S&%k:a light, smooth material made by an insect called a silkworm.

A "op:a piece of clothing such as a shirt or sweater for the upper

part of the body. T!y on: to put on an article of clothing to judge how well it ts.

Have on:to wear.

To ,ea!: to have something on the body as clothing covering or

ornament. To $!e'':to put clothing on or upon.

D!e'' p:to put on one%s best or fanciest clothing.


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To p" on:to clothe oneself in.

C%o"he:(verb to dress

C%o"he':(oun, l. garments for the body, articles of dress.

C%o"h: (oun fabric made by weaving or knitting.

C%o"h&n#: clothes considered as a group.

Take &n: to change (a garment so as to make smaller or tighter. Take p:to make (clothes shorter or tighter as by hemming.

Take o1:to remove.

Do p: to wrap and tie up; to dress; to fasten; to pin up or arrange

(the hair;2n$o: to untie; unfasten.

To '&":to look good or attractive on.

To .":to be of the right sie or shape (for

To #o ,&"h 'o+e"h&n#:if clothes go with each other, they look

attractive when you wear them both at the same time. To +a")h:to go harmoniously with or correspond because of

colour or design. Co'"+e:a set of garments selected for wear at a single time,

outt. C'"o+: a habitual practice; the usual way of acting.

O".": a set of articles or e)uipment for a particular task; a set of

clothes and other items worn together as an ensemble. To !o%% p:to fold the edges of sleeves, cu$s.

A"8!.TI7!S

Ba##y:very loose.

-a$e$:having lost its original colour or brightness.

-an)y:special and unusual, with a lot of decoration.

-e")h&n#:attractive, can be used to describe a person.

(generally a woman or an article of clothing.

-%a!e$:wide at the bottom.

-%a": with very low or no heels.

Ga!&'h:very colourful, in a way that is not in good taste.

G!**y:dirty.

Lo$:very colourful, in a way that some might nd

unpleasant.

Mo"h0ea"en: full of holes.

Pa")he$:with pieces of material sewn on to cover holes. P%a"(o!+:platform shoes have thick high heels and an

elevated sole.

Sha**y:looking old and in bad condition.

S"!$y:strong.

Syn"he"&): made from articial substances1material.

Ta&%o!e$:designed to t close to the body.

o!n0o":old and ready to be thrown away.

I"I#MS

An$3 "o )ap &" a%%:and nally; used to introduce the lastand often worst thing in a list.

A" "he $!op o( a ha":immediately and without thinking.


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To *e o" o( po)ke":to have less money than you should

have. (3"78 9I don%t want yo to )e ot of poc&et8 an

e#pression used to check if somebody will have enough

money themselves if they lend you money

Be%o, "he *e%":unfair and cruel; for a

criticism1remark1comment. To ." %&ke a #%ove:to t perfectly, used for clothes.

To #e" "he *oo":(informal be dismissed from your job.

(3"78 to gie!be gien the boot"

To #e" ho" n$e! "he )o%%a! a*o" 'o+e"h&n#: to get

angry about something; generally used to describe

somebody else ! not yourself.

To #e"/have 'o+e"h&n# n$e! yo! *e%": to have

already achieved or done something.

To have 'o+e"h&n# p yo! '%eeve:to have a secret

plan or idea. I( I ,e!e &n yo!/h&' 'hoe':f were you1him etc.

To p%% yo! 'o)k' p:to work harder and start trying to

improve your work1behavior1performance.

So+e*o$y ,ea!' "he "!o'e!':(in that house ! informal

! to be the dominant partner of the two people involved;

generally used about women.

.3#TH!S A5" ,ASHI#5: #2"S ; !


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S%ave o(/"o (a'h&on:someone who is strongly in0uenced

by fashion.

Speak o1 "he )1:without having prepared anything.

To *e han$ &n #%ove ,&"h 'o+eone:to have a close

working relationship with someone.

C%oak0an$0$a##e!:involving secrecy and mystery. To have/"ake "he 'h&!" o1 'o+eone' *a)k:someone%s

last possession.

On a 'hoe'"!&n#: spending as little as possible

&"ho" (!&%%':simple and plain.

To p" 'o+eone &n a '"!a&"7a)ke":restrict someone%s

freedom.

To ,ea! "he "!o'e!':(usually used of a woman to be the

dominant partner in a marriage.

DESCRIBING PEOPLES PERSONALITY

Ba$0"e+pe!e$:often getting angry with people.

Bo''y:often telling other people what to do in a way that

annoys them. Con.$en":sure that you are good at doing things.

E+o"&ona%:reacting to things with strong feelings.

En"h'&a'"&): showing that you like things and want to be

involved in them. Gene!o':happy to pay for things or give people things.

Mean:not happy to pay for things or give people things.

No'y:too interested in things that involve other people andshould not involve you.

Yo! pe!'ona%&"y:what you are like and the way you behave.

P!a)"&)a%:good at making and #ing things.

Re%&a*%e:always doing what you promise to do so that people

trust you. Sen'&*%e:someone who makes good decisions and does not

behave in a silly way. Sen'&"&ve:someone who has strong emotions and is easy to

upset; someone who is careful not to upset others. Tho#h"(%: often considering other people and their feelings.

To #e" on 5,e%%6 ,&"h: Sen'e o( h+o!:

A pa&n &n "he ne)k:

M&'e!a*%e:

Moo$y:

A!!o#an":

A+'&n#:

Se%.'h:

S"**o!n: somebody who is determined not to change their

mind even when they know they are wrong. S&%%y: not sensible or showing bad judgment; stupid in a

childish or embarrassing way.

TYPES O- PEOPLE


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NO2NS A #o''&p:someone who likes talking about other people%s private

lives (used to show disapproval. An e8"!ove!":someone who is active and condent, and who

enjoys spending time with other people.

A )o)h po"a"oe: A )o,a!$:someone who is not at all brave.

A *hea$:someone who thinks they are very important, clever,

etc. A %a#h: someone who is amusing and fun to be with.

A 'no*:someone who thinks they are better than people from a

lower social class; someone who thinks they are better than other

people because they know more about something (used to show

disapproval. A %&a!:someone who deliberately says things which are not true.

An a%%0!on$e!:somebody who is good at everything.

A *y'"an$e!:somebody standing near something (generally an

accident or a crime when it happens. A $a!e$ev&%:somebody who gets a thrill out of taking

unnecessary risks. A #a"e)!a'he!:somebody who goes to a party that he1she has

not been invited to. A ha'0*een:somebody who is no longer famous or important.

A +&no!:somebody who is under the age of full legal

responsibility (usually 9: or 9 years of age. A na+e0$!oppe!:somebody who likes mentioning the names of

famous people they know (or pretend they know to impress otherpeople.

An oppo!"n&'":somebody who takes advantage of any

situation, in any way, to get on. A '+a!" a%e):somebody who always know the right answer1says

clever things to such an e#tent that other people nd it annoying. A 'no*:a middle or upper class person who thinks they are better

that people from a lower class. A 'po&%'po!":somebody who ruins the fun and enjoyment of

others. A '9a""e!:somebody who lives in an empty building without

permission and without paying rent. A "o+*oy:a young girl who enjoys doing the same things and

playing the same games as boys. A "!o*%e+ake!: somebody who causes trouble.

A ,&+p:a weak and pathetic person.

A yppy:a young professional person who earns a lot of money.

ADECTI;ES

B%n":somebody who says e#actly what he1she thinks even if it

o$ends or upsets people. Con)e&"e$:far too proud of one%s abilities, achievements.


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C!a("y:good at getting what one wants by means of clever

planning or deceiving other people. Ea'y0#o&n#:somebody who is not easily annoyed, worried or

upset. G%%&*%e:somebody who will believe anything you tell them.

Hh%y0'"!n#:somebody who is very nervous, and easily getsupset or angry.

I+p%'&ve:somebody who has a tendency to do things suddenly

and without thinking about them carefully. Mo$e'":somebody who does not like talking about their

abilities1achievements. O"#o&n#:somebody who likes to meet and talk to new people.

Pe""y:somebody who gives far too much importance to

insignicant things and is often unnecessarily mean and unkind. Re'e!ve$:somebody who does not show the feelings or share

their opinions with others. R"h%e'':cruel, showing no mercy to others when trying to

achieve his1her objectives. Sp&"e(%:deliberately cruel.

Sen'&*%e: -sed to describe people who make good decisions and

do not behave in a silly way.9It was very sensi)le of yo to call the police

Sen'&"&ve:

=0 -sed to describe people who are careful not to upset others.9She had to as& s some di?clt @estions )t she was

very sensitive> S"**o!n: somebody who is determined not to change their mind

even when they know they are wrong. Sy+pa"he"&):somebody who will try to understand somebody

else%s problems and give them help. Ta)"(%:careful not to o$end or upset somebody else.

;a&n:having e#treme pride in one%s own beauty, intelligence, etc.

;&n$&)"&ve:somebody who never forgets that they have been

harmed in some way and is only satised when they have takenrevenge on the person who harmed them.

I+pe"o': acts on a sudden idea without thinking rst;

generally negative. E1'&ve:gives e#aggerated e#pression of pleasure, praise or

gratitude. E8)&"a*%e: easily e#cited by things.

P'hy:always selshly promoting one%s own position or interests

(informal Ga!!%o':talks too much, especially about unimportant things.

Ta)&"!n:reserved or says very little (generally negative

In"!ove!":inward'looking and )uiet.

E8"!ove!": outward'looking and sociable.

D&>$en":lacks condence; has a low opinion of himself.


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A%oo(:unfriendly and not sociable.

Ha#h"y:unfriendly and thinks herself better than others.

D&'$a&n(%:does not believe others deserve respect.

2napp!oa)ha*%e: not easy to be sociable with or start a

conversation with.

Se%(0&+po!"an":has an e#aggerated sense of her importance. -%&!":makes constant romantic approaches.

O*'"&na"e:unwilling to change, despite persuasion.

Phea$e$:similar to obstinate but stronger, more disapproving.

2n')!p%o':lacking in moral principles, prepared to do very

bad things.

IDIOMS A +&ne o( &n(o!+a"&on:someone who knows about all sorts of

di$erent things. A +an o( +any pa!"':somebody who is good at and can do all

sort of di$erent things. A ,h&44 k&$: a young person who is clever and really successful.

Ge"0p an$ #o:someone who is full of energy and enthusiasm.

Ha' p%en"y o( '"!&n#' "o he! *o,:somebody who is highly

)ualied to do something. To *e a #%""on (o! pn&'h+en":someone who likes working

hard or doing things other people would nd unpleasant

(humorous To *e hh%y '"!n#:very nervous and easily upset.

To a)"/p%ay "he (oo%:behave in a silly way, often to make people

laugh. To %ook o" (o! n+*e! one:puts himself rst, as he thinks he

is the most important person (informal To ea" 'o+e*o$y (o! *!eak(a'":speak angrily or critically to

easily control or defeat someone. A %ove0!a":a man having a secret se#ual relationship with

someone not his wife or girlfriend (informal, mainly used in

popular journalism To *e a ,e" *%anke":someone who says or does something that

stops others from enjoying themselves. To *e a %oo'e )annon:someone who cannot be trusted because

they act in an unpredictable way. f someone has a strong personalitythey are condent

about who they are and people notice them. f someone spea&s their mind, they say what they

think, even if this upsets people. f someone lac&s conBdence, they do not think that

they are good at things. +omeone who is good companyis interesting and

enjoyable to be with. f you lose yor temper, you suddenly show that you

are angry with someone, especially by shouting.


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"o talk about what we think of someone%s personality, we

often say I Bnd him1herC "o talk about what someone is often like, especially when

we want to say something negative, we say he1she

tends toC

EMOTIONS An8&o': worried about something bad that might happen.

De%h"e$:e#tremely pleased.

Dep!e''e$:feeling sad and without hope.

E+*a!!a''e$:feeling ashamed about something silly you have

done and worried about what people think of you. -e$ p:bored and unhappy with something that you have been

doing for a long time. -!h"ene$:afraid that someone or something might hurt you.

ea%o':sad and angry because someone you love seems to love

someone else or because someone has something that you want. Lone%y:sad because you are alone.

S"!e''e$:worried and not rela#ed, often because you have a lot

of problems or too much work.

f someone is in tears, they are crying and if they )rst

into tears, they suddenly start to cry.f you have mi/ed feelingsor mi/ed emotions, you have

feelings towards someone or something that seem to be

opposite (worried but e#cited, love and hate so you do not

know how you really feel. f you have )tterDiesor get )tterDies, you have or

get a strange, uncomfortable feeling in your stomach

because you are nervous about something. f you are over the moon, you are e#tremely pleased about

something that has happened. f you calm down, you stop feeling so worried, angry or

upset. f youpor yor heart ot, you talk a lot to someone

about a situation that is causing you to feel strong

emotions, especially sadness.

f you let oE steam, you tell people how angry you are

feeling, usually in a way that makes you feel better.


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To pa'' an e8a+ ,&"h Fy&n# )o%o!':to do very well in an e#am

and get very good marks.@La!a &' a ve!y *!h" '"$en" an$ I+ '!e 'he ,&%% pa'' a%%

he! e8a+' ,&"h Fy&n# )o%o!'> To p%ay "!an":to miss school without permission.

@He ,a' p%ay&n# "!an" a#a&n an$ "h&' "&+e he ha$ *een

)a#h"> To *e pop%a!: if you are popular, everybody likes you.

@He ,a' a pop%a! "ea)he! an$ h&' '"$en"' !ea%%y en7oye$ h&'

%e''on'> A po'"0#!a$a"e: +omebody who is studying for an advanced

degree (a master%s degree or a doctorate at university.@Po'"0#!a$a"e' +'" app%y (o! !e'ea!)h (n$&n# *e(o!e "he

en$ o( "he a)a$e+&) yea!

To !e'ea!)h / "o $o !e'ea!)h &n"o:to do advanced studies in aparticular subject (often done by people who have a university

doctorate ! *esearch is an uncountable noun !@Hav&n# #a&ne$ a PhD &n n)%ea! phy'&)'3 he ,en" on "o $o

!e'ea!)h &n"o a"o+&) pa!"&)%e'> To !ev&'e:to study for an e#am ! *evision (oun

@Pa% &' !ev&'&n# (o! h&' #eo#!aphy "e'"> To 'a&% "h!o#h an e8a+:to pass an e#am very easily and with a

good mark.@I 'a&%e$ "h!o#h +y en$ o( yea! e8a+'>

To '&" 5(o!6 an e8a+:to take an e#am.

@I+ #o&n# "o '&" (o! +y p!o.)&en)y e8a+ ne8" ,eek> An n$e!#!a$a"e:+omebody who is studying for their rst degree

at university.@Penny %ove$ eve!y +o+en" o( *e&n# a n&ve!'&"y

n$e!#!a$a"e> To ,&n a ')ho%a!'h&p: to be given money to help pay for the

education you receive (you often win a scholarship by doing well in an

entrance e#am.@He ,on a ')ho%a!'h&p "o Ca+*!&$#e>

NAT2RE

O!)ha!$8 a place where fruit are grown.

.#33#.ATI#5S "hick or dense forest

@ertile or arid land

Ainding or mountain path

+teep or gentle hill

+andy or rocky shore

Bigh or low tide

ANIMALS


19/26

&%$8 Civing in a natural state, not changed or controlled by people

D38 Tame: not afraid of hmans>E Do+e'"&)a"e$: Cives with or is used by humans.

P%ay(%8 Fery active, happy, and wanting to have fun.

Ca"&o'8 Gareful to avoid danger or risks.

-!&en$%y8 Hehaving towards someone in a way that shows you likethem and are ready to talk to them or help them. D38 4nfriendlyE

A##!e''&ve8

Sava#e8 7#tremely violent or wild.

-&e!)e8 Hehaves aggressively.

Do)&%e8 Hehaves very gently.

Lova*%e8 @riendly and attractive.

H&$eo'8 7#tremely unpleasant or ugly.

S"!oke8 "o move your hand gently over something.

P!!8 f a cat purrs, it makes a soft low sound in its throat to show

that it is pleased.

?enne%8 a small building for a dog to sleep in. D!a,*a)k8 a disadvantage of a situation, plan ! "raw)ac& of1to

*doing something+ h&p8 a long thin piece of rope or leather with a handle that you hit

animals with to make them move. Sa$$%e8 Ceather seat that you sit on when you ride a horse.

The *%a)k 'heep o( "he (a+&%y8 +omebody considered being a

failure1an embarrassment by relatives.9I%ve always )een the )lac& sheep of the family> My father

mother and sister are all lawyers> MeF I%m a roc& singer> To *e a' *%&n$ a' a *a"8 to have poor eyesight.

9She%s as )lind as a )at withot her glasses. Yo )an"&%% "he )o,' )o+e ho+e3 *" &" ,on"8 you can do

something for a very long time, but it won%t change anything.9$o can as& till the cows come home )t I won%t tell yo

A $a!k ho!'e8 somebody who people know very little about.

9Sean is a dar& horse a )it of a mistery." To *e $o##e$ *y 'o+e"h&n#8 sth bad keeps causing you trouble

and it will not go away.9I%ve )een dogged )y ill health ever since I left niversity."

-o! $onkey' yea!'8 for a very long time.

9I%ve &nown Tom for don&ey%s years> To $)k8 to avoid something which is going to hit you by lowering

your head.@I( he hadn%t dc&ed the )all wold have hit him s@are in

the face." I" &' %&ke ,a"e! o1 a $)k' *a)k (o! 'o+e*o$y 8 +omething does

not a$ect you because you are accustomed to it.H&' )!&"&)&'+' a!e %&ke ,a"e! o1 a $)k' *a)k.>

-&'hy8 suspicious

9His proposal sonds a )it Bshy so I don%t thin& we shold

trst him>

To hon$ 'o+e*o$y8 to persistently follow somebody (used inconnection with the press9The paparazzi honded her wherever she went."


20/26

The %&on' 'ha!e8 the biggest part.

98lie inherited the lion%s share of 4ncle ,ester%s fortne." To !a**&" on 5a*o" 'o+e"h&n#68 to talk for a long time in a boring

way.@She ra))ited on for ages."

Ra""y8 bad'tempered 1 easily made angry.9Sorry I was so ratty this morning. I didn%t get mch sleep

last night> To have a ,ha%e o( a "&+e8 to really enjoy yourself.

9The &ids had a whale of a time." A ,&%$ #oo'e )ha'e: a search for something that one is unlikely to

nd.93oo&ing for him wold )e a wild goose chase>"

To ,o!+ yo! ,ay o" o( 'o+e"h&n#:to avoid doing something

you do not want to do.9He wormed his way ot of the wor& again"

-+7@-C 7I*7++3+

!asy1di?clt to &eep !asy1di?clt to clean !/pensive1cheap to &eep

!/pensive1cheap to feed =Ta&e my dog for a wal&

Ma++a%8 animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds

them on its own milk. Ca!n&vo!e8 animal that eats meat.

He!*&vo!e8 animal that eats grass 1 vegetation.

P!e$a"o!8 animal that hunts1eats other animals.

Ma++a% Ro$en"

Rep"&%e

Na"!a% ha*&"a":referred natural place for living and breeding.

Ga+e !e'e!ve' / #a+e pa!k'8 &reas of land where animals are

protected from hunting. B&!$ 'an)"a!y8 rotected area where birds can live and breed.

An&+a% 'he%"e!8 lace where cats, dogs, horses, etc. which have no

home are given food and place to live. B%oo$ 'po!"'8 +ports whose purpose is to kill or injure animals.

The (! "!a$e8 "he hunting and selling of animal furs for coats,

jackets, etc. Poa)he!'8 eople who hunt animals illegally.

The &vo!y "!a$e8 "he buying and selling of ivory from elephants%

tusks. An&+a% !h" a)"&v&'"'8 eople who actively campaign for the

protection and rights of animals. To *e "he )a"' ,h&'ke!'8 to be better than everyone else.

To have no" a )a" &n he%%' )han)e8 no chance at all.

I"' a $o#' %&(e: Cife is hard and unpleasant.

Do# &n "he +an#e!:Jou%re keeping it only so that can%t have it, not

because you really want it yourself. -%o# a $ea$ ho!'e:waste time trying to do something that won%t

succeed (usually used in continuous tenses


21/26

9$o%re Dogging a dead horse trying to persade 6im to move

hose again> 5S"!ah"6 (!o+ "he ho!'e' +o"h:from the person concerned.

9Gess whatF 8an is going to wor& in Moscow I got it

straight from the horse%s moth

2n"&% "he )o,' )o+e ho+e: for a very long time (but it won%thappen.9$o can arge ntil the cows come home )t I%ll never

agree> So!" 5o"6 "he 'heep (!o+ "he #oa"':@ind the people or things of

high )uality from a group of mi#ed )uality.9Setting the class sch a di?clt e/ercise will certainly sort

the sheep from the goats> Mh" a' ,e%% *e hn# (o! a 'heep a' a %a+*:might as well do

something more serious as you are going to be punished anyway.9$o%re already late so st ta&e all day oE> $o might as well

)e hng for a sheep as a lam) She$$&n# )!o)o$&%e "ea!': retending to be upset.

S&)k a' a pa!!o": *eally upset.

A Leopa!$ )an" )han#e &"' 'po"': +omeone won%t denitely

change. C!&e$ ,o%(: Gomplain too often.

A ,o%( &n 'heep' )%o"h&n#: +omeone looks kind and gentle but

he1she is not like that at all. The e%ephan" &n "he !oo+:

PLANTS

See$5'6: is often used to talk about the start of an idea or feeling.

Dthe seeds of sccess the seeds of discontent the seeds of

revoltion>E Roo"5'6:is used to suggest the origins of something. Dgoing )ac& to

yor roots the root of a pro)lem the roots of tradition

ptting down roots pt down some roots ta&e root>E

Co%%o)a"&on'8 @irmly 1 deeply rooted S"e+:is used as a verb to signify that something originates in

something else.

9Her discontent stems from a tramatic e/perience she hadlast year>

A *!an)h:is something that grows o$ or )ranches otfrom a main

organiation. DHranches of a shop, a business branching out into new

directions.E B$:0ower before it opens. D5ipped in the )d8 sopped before it

develops into something.E ee$ o":get rid of

P!ne *a)k:cut1limit

To *e !eap&n# "he !e,a!$ o(:to be getting results from.

To have $# p:to have discovered.

To *e #e!+&na"&n#:begin to develop. Have *een 'p!o"&n#:have been appearing )uickly in large

numbers.


22/26

I' Fo!&'h&n#:is doing very well.

She$':loses Dshed employees1traditions1worries1inhibitions1weight.

P%an"' (a$e when they die

-a$&n#: becoming smaller

EATHER The )%&+a"e: it refers to the general weather conditions in a place.

DKediterranean climate, climate change, tropical climate. D!y 'ea'on / !a&ny 'ea'ontropical climateJ

ha"' "he ,ea"he! %&ke

To have "hn$e! an$ %h"n&n#: +torm

The!e ,e!e ,&n"!y 'ho,e!': snowed on and o$

I" ,a' +&'"y: it was a bit foggy

I" ,a' ove!)a'": t was dull and cloudy.

The!e ,a' a $!&44%e:had some light rain.

The!e ,a' a *!ee4e:it was very windy.

Ha$ a hea",ave:it was sunny and very hot. D38.oldsnapE

I" ,a' ,e": had a lot of rain.

ea"he! )o%%o)a"&on':

Lh"3 '"ea$y3 heavy3 "o!!en"&a% !a&n

Lh"3 '"&1 *!ee4e

Den'e3 "h&)k3 pa")hy (o#

Seve!e3 "!op&)a% '"o!+

C%ea!3 *%e3 #!ey3 )%o$%e''3 )%o$y 'ky

S"!on#3 %h"3 #en"%e ,&n$

A #'" o( ,&n$

A !ay o( 'n'h&ne A 'hee" o( &)e

A *%anke" o( 'no,

A 'pe%% o( *a$ ,ea"he!

I"' )%o$&n# ove!: when a clear sky becomes cloudy. D38 It%s

clearing p8 it improvesE Bo&%&n#: very hot

A *!ee4e:a gentle wind

To *!h"en p:to become sunnier.

Ch&%%y: rather cold

The )%&+a"e:the type of weather that a country or area usually has.

To )%o$ ove!:to become darker because there are more clouds in

the sky. D!&44%e:very light rain.

-!ee4&n#:very cold

M&'":small drops of water in the air that make the air look grey D&?L.8

MistyE A +on'oon:a season of very heavy rain.

P%ea'an":not raining, and not too hot or cold.

To po! $o,n:to rain a lot.

A 'ho,e!:a short period of rain.

Ha!'h ,&n"e!:e#tremely cold D38Mild winter: not very coldE

ea"he! (o!e)a'": a statement by e#perts about what the weather

will probably be like.


23/26

HOT To *e *ak&n#/*o&%&n# 5ho"6:to be very hot.

@I" ,a' *ak&n# ho" a%% ,eek @I"' *o&%&n# ho" o"'&$e To *e *a%+y:to be pleasantly warm, with gentle winds.

@A )oo% *a%+y even&n#

A $!o#h":a long period of time with very little or no rain.@I( "he $!o#h" )on"&ne'3 ,a"e! ,&%% 'oon have "o *e

!a"&one$ A hea",ave: a period of unusually hot weather.

@The hea",ave &' e8pe)"e$ "o )on"&ne (o! ano"he! ",o

,eek' To *e h+&$ / "o *e +##y: hot, wet and uncomfortable.

@Beno' A&!e' &' ve!y ho" an$ h+&$ &n "he '++e! A ')o!)he!: a very hot day.

@The ,ea"he! )o%$n" have *een *e""e! Sn$ay ,a' a !ea%

')o!)he!

To *e ',e%"e!&n# / '"&F&n#:to be uncomfortably hot.@I"' ',e%"e!&n# o"'&$e @I"' '"&F&n# &n he!e3 I%% open a

,&n$o,

COLD A *%&44a!$: a very bad snow storm.

@I" ,a' (oo%&'h o( "he )%&+*e!' "o #o o" $!&n# a *%&44a!$ Ch&%%y:a little bit cold.

@!ap p ,a!+ I"' 9&"e )h&%%y o"'&$e @I"' a )h&%%y $ay -!o'":a thin layer of ice which forms on the ground (often overnight

when temperatures fall below freeing. D&?L. -!o'"yE

@The!e ,a' (!o'" on "he #!on$ &n"e! ,a' ,e%% an$ "!%y on&"' ,ay N&ppy:a little bit cold

@I" ,a' n&)e an$ ,a!+ $!&n# "he $ay3 *" a" nh" &" ,a'

9&"e n&ppy S%ee":a mi#ture of rain and snow.

@The !a&n "!ne$ "o '%ee" I( &" #o" any )o%$e!3 &" ,o%$ 'no, S%'h: wet snow

@Pa''&n# )a!' ha$ "!ne$ "he 'no, "o '%'h A 'no,$!&(": a deep mass of snow pushed together by strong winds

(generally against something like a house to form something that

looks like the side of a hill.@They ha$ "o $ "he )a! o" o( "he 'no,$!&("

ET To *)ke" / "o po! $o,n:to rain very hard.

@She %ooke$ o" o( "he ,&n$o, I" ,a' po!&n# / *)ke"&n#

$o,n A )%o$*!'":short period of very heavy rain ! as if a cloud had

burst@A '$$en )%o$*!'" %e(" ' a%% $!en)he$A $o,npo!:a short period of heavy rain.

@Yo!e 'oake$J Ye'3 I #o" )a#h" &n "ha" $o,npo! D!&44%e:a very ne rain.

@I" ,a' $!&44%&n# o"'&$e an$ "he 'ky ,a' #!ey an$ ove!)a'"


24/26

Ha&%:froen rain which falls as hardballs (hailstones of ice.

DBailstormE@Ha&%'"one' "he '&4e o( "enn&' *a%%' *e#an "o (a%% (!o+ "he 'ky

To *e 'p&""&n#:to rain very lightly.

@O( )o!'e ,e )an p%ay I"' no" a' &( &"' po!&n# $o,n I"'

on%y 'p&""&n#

INDY A *!ee4e:a soft and gentle wind.

@The "!ee' ,e!e ',ay&n# &n "he '++e! *!ee4e A #a%e:very strong wind.

@I"' *%o,&n# a #a%e o"'&$e

COLLOCATIONS:

B%'"e!y ,ea"he!:rough, wet, windy weather.

@I" ,a' a *%'"e!y a"+n $ay A )%ap o( "hn$e!:the noise made by a thunder.

@The!e ,a' a '$$en )%ap o( "hn$e!3 (o%%o,e$ *y a

Fa'h o( %h"n&n# A F!!y o( 'no,:a light snow shower which lasts for a short

time.@I" ,a' a ve!y +&%$ ,&n"e!3 I "h&nk ,e ha$ one F!!y o(

'no, an$ "ha" ,a' &" A #en"%e *!ee4e:a soft breee.

@I" ,a' a pe!(e)" $ay (o! a p&)n&)3 'nny3 ,&"h a #en"%e

*!ee4e

A #'" o( ,&n$:a sudden strong rush of wind.@A '$$en #'" o( ,&n$ *%e, +y ha" o1 A ho,%&n# #a%e:very strong winds.

@Yo )an" #o 'a&%&n# &n "h&' ,ea"he! I"' *%o,&n# a

ho,%&n# #a%e o" "he!e No" a $!op o( !a&n:no rain at all.

@No" a '&n#%e $!op o( !a&n (e%% A pa")h o( (o#:an area of fog.

@&"h "he e8)ep"&on o( one o! ",o pa")he' o( (o# on

hhe! #!on$3 &" ,&%% *e a )%ea! an$ +a&n%y $!y $ayK A 'pe%% o( *a$/#oo$ ,ea"he!:a period of time when there is

bad1good weather conditions.@I" ,a' a "yp&)a% En#%&'h '++e! e ha$ one 'pe%% o(

#oo$ ,ea"he! &n %y I "h&nk &" %a'"e$ (o! a ,eek an$

"ha" ,a' &" Th&)k (o#:fog that is impossible to see through.

@The (o# ,a' 'o "h&)k "ha" I )o%$ 'ee no (!"he! "han

one +e"e! &n (!on" o( +e A "h&n ve&% o( +&'":a thin layer of mist in the morning (mist is

like fog, but not as thick@The .e%$' ,e!e 'h!o$e$ &n a "h&n ve&% o( +&'"

To!!en"&a% / $!&v&n# !a&n:very heavy rain.

@I" ,a' a "yp&)a% En#%&'h ho%&$ay one $ay o( 'n'h&nean$ '&8 $ay' o( "o!!en"&a% / $!&v&n# !a&n

5I"'6 *&""e!: it%s very cold.


25/26

@Take a ,a!+ )oa" ,&"h yo I"' *&""e! o"'&$e To *!h"en p:to become better (for weather

@Le"' hope &" *!h"en' p %a"e! Be )h)k%&n# &" $o,n:(informal to be raining very hard.

@Can" ,e ,a&" a *&" *e(o!e ,e #o o" I"' )h)k%&n# &" $o,n

To )%ea! p 5o( *a$ ,ea"he!6:"o go away and be replaced by goodweather.@The !a&n 'ho%$ )%ea! p a("e! %n)h"&+e3 an$ ,e )an e8pe)"

a *!h" an$ 'nny a("e!noonK To $&e $o,n: (of storm to become less intense, not necessarily

going away completely.@e ,&%% have "o ,a&" (o! "he '"o!+ "o $&e $o,n *e(o!e ,e

a""e+p" "o !e')e "he+ To *e (o#0*on$: to be covered in thick fog.

@e )o%$n" %an$ &n a!'a, *e)a'e "he a&!po!" ,a' (o#0

*on$

To *e &n "he #!&p' o(: to be e#periencing something that cannot becontrolled (an economic crisis, bad weather@S,&"4e!%an$ &' &n "he #!&p' o( &"' ,o!'" ,&n"e! on !e)o!$

To %e" p: to stop (for bad weather

@I( "h&' !a&n $oe' no" %e" p3 ,e a!e #o&n# "o have to call oE

"he +a")h To *e po!&n# $o,n:"o be raining very hard.

@I" ,a' ')h a n&)e +o!n&n#3 *" %ook a" &" no, I"' po!&n#

$o,nJ To 'e" &n (o! "he $ay:to start and seem likely to continue (of rain

@The !a&n ha' 'e" &n (o! "he $ay

To "!n )o%$:to become cold.@hy $&$n" yo *!&n# a )oa" I "o%$ yo &" ,o%$ "!n )o%$

I( "he ,ea"he! ho%$': if the good weather continues.

@I"' *een a %ove%y ,eek 'o (a! I( "he ,ea"he! ho%$'3 ,e%% #o

"o "he )oa'" (o! "he ,eeken$ I" ha' "!ne$ o" n&)e: Gontrary to your e#pectations, the weather

is good.@A%"ho#h &" ,a' $%% ea!%y &n "he +o!n&n#3 &" "!ne$ o" !ea%%y

n&)e (o! o! p&)n&)IDIOMS

I" ,a' a *!ee4e: t was easy.

@a' &" a $&>)%" e8a+ No3 &" ,a' a *!ee4e To Foo$ &n: to enter 1 arrive in large numbers.

@They opene$ "he $oo!' "o "he '"a$&+ an$ "he )!o,$'

Foo$e$ &n I $on" have "he (o##&e'" &$ea: really don%t know (used as a

simple response or followed by a )uestion word@Do yo kno, ,hy he 'a&$ "ho'e "h&n#' No3 I haven" #o" "he

(o##&e'" &$ea@I haven" #o" "he (o##&e'" &$ea ho, "h&' "h&n# ,o!k'

To 'ho,e! 'o+e*o$y ,&"h 'o+e"h&n#:"o give somebody a lot of

something.

@He 'ho,e!e$ he! ,&"h #&("'@The )!&"&)' 'ho,e!e$ h&' .%+' ,&"h p!a&'e


26/26

To *e 'ka"&n# on "h&n &)e: to be doing something which might

result in something bad happening to you.@A%an ha$ *een %a"e "h!ee "&+e' "ha" ,eek an$ no, he ,a'

%a"e a#a&n He ha$ *een 'ka"&n# on "h&n &)e a' he ha$ *een

,a!ne$ "ha" &( he )on"&ne$ "o 'ho, p %a"e he ,o%$ %o'e h&'

7o* To '"o!+ o" o( a !oo+:to leave a room angrily, probably

slammingthe door behind you.@See&n# "ha" 'he )o%$n" #e" he! o,n ,ay3 'he "!ne$ !on$

an$ '"o!+e$ o" o( "he !oo+ A '"o!+y +ee"&n#: a meeting (generally between a group of

people in which people shout at and argue with each other.@I "h&nk ,e a!e &n (o! a ve!y '"o!+y +ee"&n# "onh"

To have/'e%%3 e") eve!y"h&n# n$e! "he 'n: to have1sell, etc a

huge variety of products.@I+ '!e Co""on,o!"h' ,&%% have &" They 'e%% eve!y"h&n#

n$e! "he 'n To (ee% n$e! "he ,ea"he!: ot to feel 9MMN well.

@Ive *een (ee%&n# a *&" n$e! "he ,ea"he! !e)en"%y I"'

p!o*a*%y "h!o#h %a)k o( '%eep To #e" ,&n$ o( 'o+e"h&n#:"o nd out about something.

@I( "he "a8 o>)e #e"' ,&n$ o( ,ha" he' $o&n#3 he )o%$ #e"

&n"o 'e!&o' "!o*%e

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