Guia de Vacunacion Felina
Transcript of Guia de Vacunacion Felina
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http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#protocol
A Winn Feline Foundation Health Article On ...
Feline Vaccine Guidelines
Diane R. Eigner, V.M.D.
Vaccine guidelines promised by the American Association of Feline Practitioners and the Academy
of Feline Medicine1 have finally been completed. Following is a summary of the over 30-page
document, and included is the "short" version of the guidelines. You and your veterinarian can use
this guide to establish an appropriate and protective vaccine program for your cat household. The
American Association of Feline Practitioners thanks and acknowledges Fort Dodge Animal Health
for their financial sponsorship and their support of this project.
In January 1997, the Advisory Panel on Feline Vaccines of the American Association of Feline
Practitioners and the Academy of Feline Medicine (the AAFP/AFM), established practice guidelines
for vaccinating cats. Information was incorporated from an extensive literature search and
presentations from respected members from a wide spectrum of disciplines in veterinary medicine.
AAFP Vaccine Recommendations
Feline Vaccination Protocol
Vaccines continue to play an important role in the control and prevention of feline infectious disease
in an overall preventative health care program for cats. This committee sought to promote the
understanding of and to provide guidance for the use of currently available feline vaccines.
It is impractical to recommend a standard vaccination program for all cats because the risk of
acquiring a specific infection varies due to the age and health of the patient exposure to other cats,and geographic prevalence of disease. A comprehensive physical examination of each patient at
least yearly is important to reassess its health and address possible lifestyle changes that could
affect vaccine recommendations.
The ubiquitous nature and the seriousness of infection with feline panleukopenia (FPV), feline viral
rhinotracheitis (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), and rabies justifies vaccinating all cats against
these diseases. These vaccines will be referred to as COREvaccines. Vaccines against chlamydiosis,
FeLV, FIP, and ringworm will be called NON-COREvaccines. Use of NON-CORE vaccines should be
restricted to those cats with realistic risk of exposure to these pathogenic organisms.
Vaccines should be used in accordance with principles of immunology to allow for maximum
protection against disease. Factors that affect the immune response to vaccines should beconsidered prior to vaccine administration. Though annual revaccination has been the professional
standard, more recent information suggests that the duration of immunity (DOI) exceeds one year
for many feline vaccines today. The panel recommends booster intervals for vaccines against FPV,
FHV-1, and FCV every three years. Cats at high risk of exposure, such as those entering boarding
facilities, or shown frequently at cat shows, may benefit from more frequent revaccination. DOI
studies indicate that three-year rabies vaccines demonstrate effective immunity.
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While vaccine administration is not an innocuous procedure, the benefits of vaccination far outweigh
the risks for the majority of cats. Cats should continue to be vaccinated to prevent recrudescence of
infectious diseases that we now control. The objective of feline vaccination protocolsshould be to
vaccinate more cats in the population, vaccinate individuals less frequently, and only for the
diseases for which there is a risk of exposure and disease.
Additional facts:
Use of multiple dose vials is discouraged, since inadequate mixing may result in unequal
distribution of antigens and adjuvant. In addition, unless multi-dose vials are consumed
when first opened, iatrogenic contamination is a significant risk.
Vaccine site recommendations should be followed in accordance with those established by
the AAFP and the Vaccine Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force. It is important to
standardize vaccine sites.
Administration of vaccines more frequently than that recommended by the manufacturer is
neither endorsed nor recommended. Administration of vaccines more frequently than every
21 days may attenuate immunological responses.
A routine physical examination is recommended prior to the administration of vaccines to
cats. Patients in good health are the most likely to respond well to vaccination.
CORE vaccines should be administered to healthy FeLV and FIV infected cats. Killed virus
vaccines are preferred for immunocompromised patients because of the potential risks for
vaccine-induced infections with modified live virus vaccines.
Vaccinating cats receiving corticosteroid therapy is controversial. Depending on dose and
duration, corticosteroids may cause functional suppression of immunity, particularly of cell-
mediated immunity. Concurrent use of corticosteroids at the time of vaccination should be
avoided if practical, but apparently corticosteroids do not result in ineffective immunization if
short-term low to moderate dose regimens are used.
The actual risks associated with vaccination of pregnant cats are poorly documented. While
the panel concluded that the risks of vaccinating pregnant queens are likely overstated and
that there are circumstances when the benefits of vaccinating a pregnant queen outweigh
the additional risks, the routine vaccination of pregnant cats should be avoided.
It is recommended that individuals administering vaccines record the following information
in a permanent medical record of the patient: date the vaccine was administered, name of
the person administering the vaccine, vaccine lot number or serial number, expiration date
of the vaccine, name of the vaccine, vaccine manufacturer, and site of vaccine
administration.
AAFP Vaccination Recommendations
The American Association of Feline Practitioners and the Academy of Feline Medicine have actively
participated in efforts to investigate the causal link of vaccinations to the development of tumors and
have established two general guidelines for vaccine administration.
1. Veterinarians should standardize vaccination protocols within their practice and document
the location of the vaccination, the type of vaccine administered, and the manufacturer of
the vaccine in the patient's permanent record.
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2. The following vaccine sites are recommended:
o Vaccines containing antigens panleukopenia, feline herpesvirus I, feline calicivirus
(+/-Chlamydia) should be administered in the right fore region (RF) or be given
intranasally. (IN).
o Vaccines containing leukemia virus antigen (+/- other antigens) should be
administered in the left rear region (LR) according to manufacturer's
recommendations. Leukemia=Left.
o Vaccines containing rabies antigen (+/- other antigens) should be administered in
the right rear region (RR) according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Rabies=Right.
Feline Vaccine Protocol
Vaccine Antigen Age at Initial Vaccination Booster Interval Panel Comments
Under 12 weeks Over 12 weeks
Panleukopenia
parenteralMLV
intranasalMLV
vaccinate at
inital visit and
then every 3-4
wks until >12
weeks 1
1 dose 1 year later, then
every 3 years
Highly recommended. Not for use in
pregnant queens or kittens 12
weeks
2 doses
3-4 wks apart
1 year later, then
every 3 years
Highly recommended
FHV-1/FCV*2
parenteralMLV
intranasalMLV
vaccinate at
inital visit and
then every 3-4
wks until >12
weeks
1 dose 1 year later, then
every 3 years3Highly recommended
FHV-1/FCV* vaccinate at
inital visit and
2 doses
3-4 wks apart
1 year later, then
every 3 years3Highly recommended
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killed then every 3-4
wks until >12
weeks
Rabies
killed
1 dose 1 year later, then
every 3 years5Highly recommended for all cats
Chlamydia
avirulentlive
1 dose 1 dose 1 year later, then
annually
Recommended for use in cats at
high risk of exposure
Chlamydia
killed
2 doses
3-4 wks apart
2 doses
3-4 wks apart
1 year later, then
annually
Recommended for use in cats at
high risk of exposure
FIP
intranasalMLV
2 doses
3-4 wks apart not
earlier than 16 wks
1 year later, then
annually
It is reasonable to vaccinate cats at
risk of exposure to other cats with
known or clinically suspected
exposure to feline corona virus
FeLV
killed
2 doses
3-4 wks apart;
1st dose > 8
wks;
2nd dose >12
wks
2 doses
3-4 wks apart
1 year later, then
annually
Follow testing recommendatons as
published in the AAFP/AFM
Recommendation for Feline
Retrovirus Testing. Recommended
for use in cats with high risk4of
exposure.
M. Canis
killed
Prevention:
3 doses; 2 wks between
1st and 2nd, then 3rddose 3 wks after 2nd
dose.
Treatment:
3 doses; 2 wks between
1st and 2nd, then 3rd
dose 3 wks after 2nd
dose. 3rd dose is at
DVM discretion.
Guidelines for
long term use or
booster intervalsnot available
Not recommended for routine use.
Insufficient data to evaluate use in
prevention or elimination of M. Canisinfection.
Notes:
1. Parenteral or intranasal vaccination of kittens between 4-6 weeks of age in high risk
environments (catteries, shelters) and orphaned kittens may be indicated.
2. In environments with enzootic viral respiratory infection vaccination of kittens >2 weeks ofage may be indicated using intranasal FHV-1/FCV or > 4 weeks of age with parenteral
FHV-1/FCV.
3. Interval of booster vaccination based on risk of exposure. Cats at high risk, such as those
entering boarding facilities or shown frequently at cat shows, may benefit from more
frequent revaccination. Duration of immunity beyond one year is based on antibody titers
and not challenge.
4. High risk of exposure to FeLV: includes outdoor cats, indoor/outdoor cats, stray/feral cats,
open multi-cat households, FeLV positive households, and households with unknown FeLV
status. Low risk of exposure to FeLV would include indoor cats and closed multi-cat
households that are tested negative.
5. While the panel recommended boosters at three year intervals, actual protocols must
comply with all local statutes.
6. *FHV-1/FCV = feline herpes virus 1 and calici virus
For Further Information:
http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#refc5http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#refc5http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#refc4http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#refc4http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#refc4http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#refc5http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#refc4 -
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1. 1998 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline
Medicine Advisory Panel on Feline Vaccines. J AM Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:227-241.
Related Link:
Establishing Vaccination Protocols for Catteries
Please Note: The Winn Feline Foundation provides the feline health information on this site as a service to the public. Diagnosis and
treatment of specific conditions should always be in consultation with one's own veterinarian. The Winn Feline Foundation disclaims
all warranties and liability related to the veterinary advice and information provided on this site.
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