Herbert Ore - La Atlantida y El Nuevo Mundo

8/3/2019 Herbert Ore - La Atlantida y El Nuevo Mundo

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HN NWHNFWMGN ] DH FTDPI CTFGIED[KD[W I[D KDH_T\N[[M&

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HN NWHNFWMGN ] DH FTDPI CTFGI

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HN NWHNFWMGN ] DH FTDPI CTFGI

HN NWHNFWMGN

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Kmdf( Dfwifods( df ~td doen iot{{m hi gdso{mwi qi{ _ihif9_m( qtds( oici n`m{cn Qhnwf( dh {dhnwi gd hn Nwhfwmgn ds ntwfwmoi } oicqhdwncdfwdgmbfi gd `d }( qi{ oifsmbtmdfwd( emsw{moncdfwd dswnkhdomgi( his noifwdomcmdfwis n his~td fis {d`d{mcis sd gdkdf smwtn{ df his nhki{ds gd hn Dgng gdh Emd{{i i( gmoei df iw{isw{cmfis( enomn `mfds gdh smbhi UMMM nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi& Dh emd{{i d{n tf ftdpi dhdcdfwi~td nonknkn gd sd{ gdsotkmd{wi( qd{i dh oik{d } dh dswni d{nf gd tsi oi{{mdfwd&

^tm|s dh snkmi stdoi Ihn` [tgkdoj %>0?1#>21?- wdfn {n|f otnfgi hnf| hn emqwdsmsgd ~td qtdgd enkd{sd gdshm|ngi tf d{{i{ gd w{ngtoomf df dswd qnsnld } ~td fi gdkd hdd{sd5&111 nis( smfi 5&111 cdsds otnfgi sd w{nwn gd q{domsn{ dh wmdcqi w{nfsot{{mgi gdsgd hngdsnqn{momf gd hn Nwhfwmgn enswn hn qion df ~td _ihf pmsmw Dbmqwi& Df dswd onsi( hngdsnqn{momf gdh {dmfi gd his nwhnfwds etkmd{n wdfmgi htbn{ enomn dh ni >;11 nfwds gd

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_m ngcmwmcis dswn stqismomf gdh snkmi stdoi( enhhn{dcis( d`dowmpncdfwd( hn `doen df ~tdhn mshn gd his nwhnfwds sd etfgm df his nkmscis gdh cn{& Ed{igiwi q{domsn( qi{ st qn{wd(~td his dbmqomis gmpmgdf dh ni df giod cdsds( ongn tfi gd his otnhds wmdfd w{dmfwn gns&Ioei cmh cdsds oi{{dsqifgd{nf n sdmsomdfwis sdsdfwn } sdms nis& _m stcncis n dswisnis his 401 n ~td sd {dcifwn hn pmsmwn gd _ihf n Dbmqwi( ikwdfdcis tfn `doen< dh >;;0nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi& ] fngn fis mcqmgd o{dd{ ~td sdn swn hn `doen df ~td sd i{mbmfn{if

hns b{nfgds onwsw{i`ds fnwt{nhds& Df dswd ni his hmkmis( net}dfwngis gd st wmd{{n qi{`td{|ns fnwt{nhds( nwnonf hns `td{|ns gdh `n{nf Cdfdqwne& Enomn dh ni >;11 hhdbnf n


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B{domn his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd } enomn dh ni >>=4 nhonf|nf hns `{ifwd{ns gd Dbmqwi& Dsòmh mcnbmfn{ ~td dswis qtdkhis gdh fi{wd oici wnckmf emomd{if cmh nis cs wn{gdhis omck{mis } his wdtwifds enknf mfpd{wmgi df st oncmfi tfis pdmfwd i w{dmfwn nisnfwds gd pd{ st cn{oen gdwdfmgn gd`mfmwmpncdfwd df dh ni >>=4 qi{ dh `n{nf [ncssMMM& Dswn emqwdsms fi wmdfd fngn gd mfpd{iscmh&

Hn stqismomf gd [tgkdoj gd ~td _ihf mfwd{q{dw `nhsncdfwd hn duqhmonomf gd hissnod{giwds dbmqomis } ~td sd gdkd `doen{ dh {dhnwi nwhfwmoi oimfomgdfwdcdfwd oif hns

b{nfgds onwsw{i`ds fnwt{nhds } his cipmcmdfwis gd qtdkhis ~td nsihn{if hn wmd{{n tfis5&111 cdsds nfwds gd _ihf( ds qd{`downcdfwd qhntsmkhd %Lt{bdf _qnftw( Hn Nwhnfwmgn(Dgmomifds I{kms _N( >=54 Qb >2-

Wigi hi {dhnwngi sd qtdgd oi{{iki{n{ qi{ hns b{nknomifds enhhngis df hn wtckngd [ncsds MMM df Cdgmfdw Enkt( n dswis hds hhncnknf hn bdfwd gdh fi{wd(i{mbmfn{mis gd his qnsds gdh cn{( ~tmdfds btd{{dn{if oifw{n [ncsds MMM

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;& Hns mfso{mqomifds } hns dsothwt{ns gdh wdcqhi gd [ncss MMM %>;11#>>05 n& O&- gdCdgmfdw#Enk& _d w{nwn gd cmhds gd ld{ibh`mois } knli{{dhmdpds ~td sd duwmdfgdf sik{dct{is gd odfwdfn{ds gd cdw{is otng{ngis& Otk{df qi{ dfwd{i hns qn{dgds } hns oihtcfnsgdh wdcqhi&

?& Dh qnqm{i En{{ms( dh cs mcqi{wnfwd giotcdfwi ~td fis en hdbngi dh nfwmbti Dbmqwi({ihhi gd tfis w{dmfwn } ftdpd cdw{is df ~td sd gn otdfwn gdh qd{igi btkd{fncdfwnh gd[ncss MMM&

7& Dh qnqm{i Mqtrd{( df dh ~td tf wdswmbi q{dsdfomnh gd hns wd{{mkhds onwsw{i`ds ~td sdnknwmd{if sik{d Dbmqwi enod {dq{ioeds nh {d} } hd notsn gd sd{ dh {dsqifsnkhd gd hnonhncmgng oihdowmpn ~td st qtdkhi wtpi ~td siqi{wn{& D{cnf {dcifwn hn dgng gd dswd

qnqm{i enomn dh ni ;411 nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi& Qd{i ds tfn gnwnomf d{{fdn& Df dh qnqm{iMqtrd{ sd enkhn gdh k{ifod( qi{ hi ~td gdkd smwtn{sd gdfw{i gd dswn Dgng( ~td qn{nDbmqwi gdkd hmcmwn{sd dfw{d dh ;111 } dh >111 nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi& Cs ngdhnfwd sd enkhn

df h gdh {dmfi gd his Jd`wmt( duq{dsmf ~td df his giotcdfwis dbmqomis nqn{dodsihncdfwd n qn{wm{ gd hn gmdomioei gmfnswn %>451#>?41 n& O&-& Hn oifoi{gnfomn {dhnwmpndfw{d hns gdso{mqomifds gd hns onwsw{i`ds fnwt{nhds } gd hn mfpnsmf gdh gdhwn gdh Fmhi qi{

qtdkhis duw{nfld{is( mbtnh ~td his gdso{mwis df Cdgmfdw#Enk } df his qnqm{is En{{ms dMqtrd{( q{tdknf ~td dswd hwmci wduwi `td {dgnowngi sdfsmkhdcdfwd df dh cmsci qd{igi~td sts q{dodgdfwds( ds gdom{( enomn dh ni >;11 nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi&

4& Omd{wis qnsnlds gdh Nfwmbti Wdswncdfwi( q{mfomqnhcdfwd gdh hmk{i gdh uigi( } stoicqthsnomf oif his q{dodgdfwds giotcdfwis( gdctdsw{nf ~td dswis qnsnlds gd hnDso{mwt{n sd {d`md{df n noifwdomcmdfwis q{igtomgis df hn cmscn qion&

Df dh uigi sd {dhnwn hn etmgn gd Dbmqwi gd his emlis gd Ms{ndh } gd hns wd{{mkhds qhnbns~td n|iwn{if n Dbmqwi } ~td qd{cmwmd{if hn snhmgn gd n~thhis gdh pnhhd gdh Fmhi& Dswisedoeis sd q{igtld{if dfw{d dh ni >;?; } dh >;11 nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi& Df dh uigi %M( ;-sd q{domsn ~td gt{nfwd st dsohnpmwtg( dh qtdkhi gd Ms{ndh wtpi ~td oifsw{tm{ hns omtgngdsgd Qmweic } gd [ncss qn{n nhcnodfds gdh `n{nf& Nckns omtgngds `td{ifd`dowmpncdfwd oifsw{tmgns df dh {dmfngi gd [ncss MM %>;=5#>;?; n&O&-& Qmweic `tdd{mbmgn df dh insms Wtcmhnw( htbn{ dsw{nwbmoi ~td omd{{n hn pn gd noodsi fnwt{nh gd Nsmnn Dbmqwi( oici tfn `i{wnhd|n npnf|ngn } gd q{iwdoomf& ] [ncss( ftdpn {dsmgdfomnmcqd{mnh( n hn ~td dh `n{nf gmi st fick{d( `td hdpnfwngn df dh gdhwn gdh Fmhi& Dh `n{nfgd hn sd{pmgtck{d ds( qtds( dswd cmsci [ncss MM( dh `tfgngi{ gd [ncss } gd Qmweic&

Nei{n kmdf( df dh uigi %MM( ;? sd gmod ~td [ncss MM ct{m nfwds gd hn qn{wmgn gd hisms{ndhmwns gd Dbmqwi } nfwds gd ~td wtpmd{nf htbn{ hns onhncmgngds fnwt{nhds oifiomgnsoici hns gmd| qhnbns gd Dbmqwi& Dh sikd{nfi ~td `td oifwdcqi{fdi gdh uigi gd his

ltgis d{n( qtds( tfi gd his stodsi{ds gd [ncss MM& Df dh {dmfngi gd [ncss MMM %>;11 n&O&-( Dbmqwi dswnkn oicqhdwncdfwd n{{tmfngi& Ed n~t( qtds( hn q{tdkn gd ~td hnsonhncmgngds gd ~td sd enkhn df dh uigi wtpmd{if htbn{ dfw{d dh ni >;?; } dh >;11nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi& Nowtnhcdfwd his n{~tdhibis dswf gd notd{gi df `mln{ oici `doen hisnh{dgdgi{ds gdh ni >;;1( oisn ~td qn{dod sd{ hn cs pd{iscmh&

Hi omd{wi ds ~td dh uigi gdso{mkd ct} kmdf his onwnohmscis n ~td sd enod {d`d{dfomn dfhis qnqm{is dbmqomis oifwdcqi{fdis nhtgmgis df dh {dhnwi gd Qhnwf&


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0& Ftcd{issmcis qnsnlds gd ik{ns gd dso{mwi{ds } qidwns gd hn nfwmbdgng pmdfdf noi{{iki{n{ dswis giotcdfwis& _mf dckn{bi( gngn hn mcqismkmhmgng df ~td fisdfoifw{ncis gd smwtn{his dunowncdfwd df dh wmdcqi( fi en{dcis nhtsmf n dhhis smfi dfonsi duodqomifnh&

2& N cn}i{ nktfgncmdfwi( gmsqifdcis gd tf pnswi oifltfwi gd q{tdkns n{~tdihbmons }ftcd{issmcns oifswnwnomifds omdfw`mons ~td oif`m{cnf his gnwis q{iqi{omifngis qi{his qnqm{is } qi{ dh {dhnwi qhnwfmoi& %Lt{bdf _qnftw( Hn Nwhnfwmgn( Dgmomifds I{kms_N( >=54 Qb >=-

@iwi gd {dhmdpd gd Cdgmfdw Enkt( qtkhmongi df hn qbmfn gd Dbmqwi`i{ioic

Kmdf( oif`m{cngi hn mf`i{cnomf gd his b{nkngis dbmqomis( gdkdcis npd{mbtn{cs sik{d hns oncqnns khmons siswdfmgns qi{ his dbmqomis } nwhnfwds

PMM HN_ ONCQNN_ KHMON_ GD HI_ NWHNFWD_

N OIFW[N DBMQWI

Hns duqdgmomifds cmhmwn{ds gd his nwhnfwds( mbtnh ~td iot{{d oif his onwnohmscis fnwt{nhds} hns onwsw{i`ds cdfomifngns qi{ Qhnwf( sd enf oifsmgd{ngi smf cs oici gdh gicmfmigd hn `kthn& Mfohtsi his d{tgmwis ~td hhdbnf n ngcmwm{ ~td gdfw{i gdh {dhnwi gd Qhnwfen} nhbf nwmski gd pd{gng( oici Ngih` _oethwdf } Rmhedhc K{nfgdfswdmf dswdhwmci( wmwthn{ gd hn owdg{n gd `mhihibn gd hn Tfmpd{smgng gd B{n| } dh q{mcd{i q{i`dsi{gd Emswi{mn Nfwmbtn {dsmgdfwd gt{nfwd ctoeis nis df Dsqnn oifsmgd{nf wigi hi ~td

enod {d`d{dfomn n hns oncqnns gd his nwhnfwds oici nhbi ~td `hiwn dfw{d hns ftkds ifmdbnf qi{ oicqhdwi wnhds duqdgmomifds& En} ~td oif`dsn{ ~td his gnwis ~td qisddcis


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enswn nei{n gd hns {dhnomifds dumswdfwds dfw{d hns gmpd{sns qiwdfomns gd hn Dgng gdhK{ifod fis mfohmfnf n dswd dsodqwmomsci& Dh edoei gd ~td tf qtdkhi en}n nw{npdsngi wignDt{iqn( htdbi dh Nsmn Cdfi{ } en}n hhdbngi qi{ `mf n hns qtd{wns gd Dbmqwi oif hnmfwdfomf gd qifd{ knli st gicmfmi ptdsw{i wd{{mwi{mi %B{domn-( dh ftdsw{i %Dbmqwi- }wigis his iw{is qnsds ~td sd enhhnf cs no gdh dsw{doei %Wt{fdi( ;4- qn{dod n q{mcd{n

pmswn mfpd{iscmh& _d oifsmgd{n ~td dh q{i}dowi dfoncmfngi n tfm`mon{ wigis his qnsdsdt{iqdis } cdgmwd{{fdis knli tf sihi } fmoi odw{i ds tfn oifodqomf gdcnsmngicigd{fn qn{n sd{ pd{gng dfwifods& _m ds knswnfwd si{q{dfgdfwd }n gd qi{ s dfoifw{n{dswn oifodqomf dso{mwn qi{ Qhnwf( hi ds nf cs sm sd {d`hdumifn df his nisw{nfsot{{mgis gdsgd ~td sd qtsi df dldotomf } ~td wnf od{on dswtpi gd pd{sd oi{ifngn

qi{ dh umwi& Hn oisn qn{don mfo{dkhd } qi{ dhhi hn iqmfmf tffmcd en {detsngi ngcmwm{dswd qnsnld gdh {dhnwi gd Qhnwf& En enkmgi nhbtfis ~td enf mfwdfwngi snon{ qn{wmgimfohtsi gd dswn mfpd{ismcmhmwtg qn{n gdcisw{n{ dh pnhi{ fthi df otnfwi n giotcdfwiemsw{moi gd hn gdso{mqomf qhnwfmon {d`d{dfwd n hn Nwhfwmgn& ] fi ikswnfwd( his qnqm{is }his dso{mwis oifwdcqi{fdis gdctdsw{nf ~td dswn iqmfmf wicngn n hn hmbd{n ds d{{fdn&

Duncmfn{dcis qi{ tfis cicdfwis his gnwis {dhnwmpis n hns oncqnns khmons gd hisnwhnfwds } gd dswd qhnf qnfdt{iqdi( stcmfmsw{ngis qi{ Qhnwf( oicqn{fgihis oif hnsq{domsmifds `nomhmwngns qi{ his giotcdfwis oifwdcqi{fdis& Ns qig{dcis hhdbn{ ngdcisw{n{ ~td Qhnwf fi en smgi cs ~td tf `mdh w{nfso{mqwi{ gdh {dhnwi edoei n _ihf

qi{ dh snod{giwd dbmqomi gd _nms& Qhnwf ngtod n dswd {dsqdowi hi smbtmdfwd& His qtdkhis gdh mcqd{mi nwhfwmoi enknfsd {dtfmgi } `i{cngi tfn qiwdfomn fmonoif dh q{iqsmwi gd gicmfn{ ptdsw{i wd{{mwi{mi %B{domn- } dh ftdsw{i %Dbmqwi-( ns oici nwigis his qnsds ~td sd enhhnknf cs no gdh dsw{doei %gd Bmk{nhwn{-( df dh ot{si gd tfnduqdgmomf btd{{d{n %Wmcdi( ;4-&

;& Df dh ot{si gd dswn oncqnn his nwhnfwds enknf nw{npdsngi wign Dt{iqn( } enknfgicmfngi n wign B{domn oif duodqomf gd Nwdfns } enknf qnsngi htdbi qi{ Nsmn Cdfi{enswn hhdbn{ n hns `{ifwd{ns gd Dbmqwi: qns nh ~td qtsmd{if df tf b{nf nq{mdwi( qd{i nh~td fi qtgmd{if sicdwd{ %Wmcdi( ;7( ;4: Otwns( >15-&

?& Dfw{d his qnsds cdgmwd{{fdis sicdwmgis n his {d}ds gd hn Nwhfwmgn `mbt{nf< Hmkmnenswn Dbmqwi } Dt{iqn enswn Wm{{dfmn %Dw{t{mn- %Wmcdi( ;4( } O{mwmns( >>7-& Hns bdfwdsgd dswis qnsds wicn{if qn{wd wnckmf df hn b{nf duqdgmomf cmhmwn{&

7& Hn qiwdfomn nwhnfwd dswnkn oifswmwtmgn qi{ tf dl{omwi ct} kmdf i{bnfm|ngi }d~tmqngi& Oifwnkn oif giwnomifds gd on{{is gd oicknwd } gmsqifn gd tfn `hiwn btd{{d{n

qigd{issmcn& Gmd| {d}ds gdficmfngis his gmd| knli dh cnfgi stq{dci gdh {d} gdhn Nwhfwmgn( wdfnf n st on{bi hn gm{doomf gd hns iqd{nomifds %O{mwmns( >>=( >;1-&

4& Hn duqdgmomf gd his nwhnfwds wtpi htbn{ df dh cmsci wmdcqi df ~td iot{{md{if hnsb{nfgds onwsw{i`ds gd hn fnwt{nhd|n& Ds gdom{( enomn dh ni >;11 n& O&( sdbf edcisdswnkhdomgi nfwds&

Ds tf edoei mffdbnkhd ~td nh{dgdgi{ gdh ni >;11 wmdfdf htbn{ sik{d hn wmd{{n tfn sd{mdgd noifwdomcmdfwis ~td btn{gnf dsw{doen smcmhmwtg oif his ~td fis gdso{mkd Qhnwf df st

{dhnwi sik{d hn Nwhfwmgn&


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His noifwdomcmdfwis n ~td fis {d`d{mcis sif his ~td sd gdficmfnf df emswi{mn oif dhfick{d gd b{nf cmb{nomf( mfpnsmf gi{mn( mfpnsmf dbdn( mfpnsmf mhm{mn& ] dfotnfwi n his qtdkhis ~td wicn{if qn{wd df dswd uigi df cnsn df sts cicdfwismfmomnhds( sd his gdsmbfn oici qtdkhis gdh fi{wd i qtdkhis gdh cn{&

Nh hngi gd hns mfso{mqomifds oifwdcqi{fdns }n omwngns( n hns ~td Kmhnkdh onhm`mon gdgiotcdfwis gdh cs nhwi pnhi{ emsw{moi( fis n}tgnf df dswn wn{dn mf`mfmgng gdgdsotk{mcmdfwis n{~tdihbmois ~td oifw{mkt}df n hdpnfwn{ tf pdhi sik{d dswd qd{igionqmwnh gd hn emswi{mn dt{iqdn& Oif dswis gnwis fis sd{ qismkhd hhdbn{ n tfn{doifsw{toomf gd his cdfomifngis noifwdomcmdfwis&

Knli dh {dmfngi gdh `n{nf Cd{fdqwne gd hn UMU gmfnswn( his hmkmis } sts nhmngisqdfdw{n{if df wd{{mwi{mi dbmqomi q{iodgdfwds gdh idswd& Dh nbiswncmdfwi ~td st`{n st qnshds mcqdhm n ktson{ cs nh dswd( enomn Dbmqwi( st stksmswdfomn& Df dswn dcmb{nomf hdsnoicqnnknf sts ctld{ds d emlis& N hns {gdfds gdh q{fomqd Cd{mld oifsmbtmd{if his

hmkmis hhdbn{ enswn Cdf`ms } Edhmqihms( df gifgd sd mfswnhn{if&

Cicdfwi o{tomnh qi{ dh ~td Dbmqwi ftfon enkn nw{npdsngi gdsgd his wmdcqis gd hnmfpnsmf gd his emosis& Cd{fdqwne( enhhfgisd df dh ~tmfwi ni gd st {dmfngi( ds gdom{(df dh ni >;;2 nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi( {dsihpm nhdln{ nh mfpnsi{& Nh wd{od{ gn gd dqm`m%nk{mh- wtpi htbn{ tf b{nf dfotdfw{i od{on gd Qd{m{& Nh onki gd sdms ei{ns gddfon{fm|ngi oicknwd dh dfdcmbi `td gd{{iwngi } ktso hn snhpnomf df hn etmgn& Tf {moikiwf on} df hns cnfis gdh pmowi{misi `n{nf< =&>>> dsqngns gd w{ds n otnw{i dsqnfds%gd ;; n ;7 oc&- gd hifbmwtg( wigns dhhns gd k{ifod& Dh fcd{i gd his ongis `td dh gd0&?4= hmkmis( ;&?21 bdfwd gdh fi{wd( i{mbmfn{mis gd his qnsds gdh cn{ %nwhnfwds-( ;;;

oedjdhdsoen %smomhmnfis- } 27; wt{tsoens %dw{tsois-&Qd{i n qdsn{ gd ~td dh dfdcmbi %i sdn hn `dgd{nomf gd hmkmis } bdfwd gdh fi{wd- st`{m tfn

b{nf gd{{iwn( pihpm n {dnb{tqn{sd& Hn knwnhhn gd Qd{m{ `td shi tfn dfw{d ctoens }snfb{mdfwns knwnhhns& @td nsmcmsci dh nftfomi gd tfn {dpihtomf ctfgmnh( gd ot}ncnbfmwtg } w{nsodfgdfomn fi en} iw{i dldcqhi df hn emswi{mn nfwmbtn gd hn etcnfmgng&

Qi{ hns cdgmgns ~td sd wicn{if qi{ qn{wd gd his Dswngis smwtngis df hn {dbmf i{mdfwnhgdh Cdgmwd{{fdi( sd gdgtod ~td fi `td tfn otdswmf smf mcqi{wnfomn } ~td q{dpdnf( qi{dh oifw{n{mi( tf wd{{mkhd qdhmb{i&

Enomn `mfnhds gdh smbhi UMMM n& O& his nwdfmdfsds oifsw{t}df sts ct{nhhns omohqdns } hnsgiwnf gd wi{{ds qn{n st gd`dfsn& Df Cmodfns sd {d`td{|nf hns oifsw{toomifds gd`dfsmpns(nh cmsci wmdcqi ~td sd q{diotqnf sts enkmwnfwds gd nsdbt{n{sd dh nq{ipmsmifncmdfwi gdnbtn& Df Wm{mfwi sd {dnhm|nf ik{ns nfhibns } sd oifsw{t}d tfn b{nf `i{wnhd|n&

Df Nsmn Cdfi{( his {d}ds emwmwns mfwdfwnf oiflt{n{ dh qdhmb{i `m{cnfgi nhmnf|nscmhmwn{ds oif Dbmqwi } {dnhm|nfgi b{nfgds `i{wm`monomifds df st onqmwnh Kiben|#j}& Qi{hwmci( df Dbmqwi his `n{nifds {d`td{|nf dh d`dowmpi gd sts dl{omwis( {doifsw{t}df hnsomtgngds `{ifwd{m|ns( {dohtwnf cd{odfn{mis } cipmhm|nf b{nfgds oifwmfbdfwds gd w{iqns&Wigi dhhi fi sif cs ~td his smbfis q{dot{si{ds gd hn wdcqdswng( sdbf n`m{cn dh

emswi{mngi{ _oenoed{cd}{&


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Enomn dh ni >;11 hn wdcqdswng q{dpmswn dswnhhn oif tfn pmihdfomn mfsisqdoengn&Q{iodgdfwds gdh fi{wd qdfdw{nf df B{domn qigd{isns ì{cnomifds gd btd{{d{is ~tdmfpngdf wigi dh wd{{mwi{mi oif hn fmon duodqomf gd Nwdfns( ot}is enkmwnfwds sd enodf

`td{wds } {dsmswdf oif b{nf ed{isci nh mfpnsi{&

His qtdkhis gdh fi{wd mfpnsi{ds hhdbnf qi{ pn wd{{dsw{d( qd{i gdkdf enkd{ smgi duqd{wisoifsw{towi{ds gd fnpds } gmdsw{is cn{mfis& _m dsotoencis hn hd}dfgn( df Fntqnjwis( dfdh bihì gd Oi{mfwi( oifsw{t}d{if tfn mcqifdfwd `hiwn oif hn ~td sd emomd{if gtdis gdhQdhiqifdsi( gdsw{t}dfgi } nfm~tmhnfgi n hns `hiwns n~tdn } o{dwdfsd& Htdbigdsdckn{on{if df O{dwn( hns mshns gdh Dbdi } Oemq{d&

Wigi fis mfgtod n o{dd{ ~td tfn qn{wd ct} mcqi{wnfwd gd his oif~tmswngi{ds enknsdsdb{dbngi gdh otd{qi q{mfomqnh nfwds gd ~td swd sd gm{mbmdsd n B{domn& Nw{npdsnfgi dhKsì{i( his mfpnsi{ds nsihn{if W{i}n %W{i}n PMM k sdbf his dsw{nwis n{~tdihbmois->&Ioedfwn nis nfwds %W{i}n PMM n- enkn smgi }n gdsw{tmgn qi{ hn mfpnsmf cmofmon

edhdfn& Tfn ongdfn gd {tmfns } gd gdsw{toomifds lnhifn dswn {twn sdbtmgn qi{ hismfpnsi{ds& Qn{dod sd{ ~td swis( his ~td sdbtnf hn {twn wd{{dsw{d( iqd{nknfoifltfwncdfwd oif his hhdbngis qi{ dh cn{( ds gdom{( n~tdhhis ~td( qn{wmdfgi gdhQdhiqifdsi( fnpdbnknf enomn O{dwn } Oemq{d&

Oicknwd dfw{d dbmqomis d emqd{k{dis& uigi gd his emqd{k{dis& His on{{icnwis ~td w{nfsqi{wnf n hns

ctld{ds } fmis sif nwnongis qi{ cd{odfn{mis dbmqomis& %_dbf R{ds|mfsjm( Nwhns |t{ Nhwb}qwmsoedfJthwt{bdsoemoewd&-

Dh Nsmn Cdfi{ `td nw{npdsngn qi{ oicqhdwi } iotqngn& Dh qigd{isi mcqd{mi gd his emwmwns`td nfm~tmhngi gd wnh cigi ~td gdsnqn{dom onsm smf gdln{ etdhhns df hn emswi{mn&Kiben|j}( hn onqmwnh gd his emwmwns( sdbf {dpdhnf hns duonpnomifds nhh d`dowtngns(

`td( n qdsn{ gd sts qigd{isis gmsqismwmpis gd gd`dfsn( wicngn nh nsnhwi( sn~tdngn }n{{nsngn&

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Hns duonpnomifds dcq{dfgmgns qi{ _oehmdcnff qtsmd{if gd cnfm`mdswi df dh dcqhn|ncmdfwi gd W{i}n pn{mns omtgngdsstqd{qtdswns( oifsw{tmgns df qions gm`d{dfwds& Dsis fmpdhds n{~tdihbmois sd mfgmonf oif hns om`{ns M( MM( MMM( dwo&( dcqd|nfgi qi{ dhfmpdh mf`d{mi{& His pdswmbmis gd W{i}n PMM n oi{{dsqifgdf n his gd hn omtgng oifwdcqi{fdn gd Eicd{i: his gdh fmpdh PMM k n hnomtgng gdsw{tmgn qi{ his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd df dh cicdfwi gd st hhdbngn n Nsmn Cdfi{&


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Hns mfso{mqomifds } wduwis dbmqomis oifwdcqi{fdis oi{{iki{nf his nfwd{mi{ds gnwisn{~tdihbmois } fis gnf otdfwn gd oci sd {dnhm| hn q{ib{dsmf gd his oif~tmswngi{ds&

Df tfn mfso{mqomf gd Cdgmfdw#Enk( [ncss MMM fis gmod< His qtdkhis gdh fi{wdoiflt{{ifsd df sts mshns& swns `td{if gdsw{tmgns } n{{nsngns qi{ hns wdcqdswngds onsm

nh cmsci wmdcqi& Fi etki qns ~td qtgmd{n iqifd{sd n hn `td{|n gd his mfpnsi{ds& HisEnwwm %{wmhns-( Jigd( Jn{jdcmse( N{|nrn( Nhnsmn %Oemq{d-( `td{if qnsngis n snfb{d }

`tdbi& _t oncqi odfw{nh gd iqd{nomifds mfswnh{ifhi df tfn omtgng gd Nct{{t %df hnnowtnh _m{mn gdh _t{-& Nfm~tmhn{if nh qns } n his eick{ds oici sm lncs etkmd{n enkmgiompmhm|nomf df dh qns& Cn{oen{if sik{d Dbmqwi q{dodgmgis qi{ tf pnswi mfodfgmi& HisQe{sw( _njn{( Gdfdf( stc{ifsd n dhhis } npnsnhhn{if n his _djdhdsn } Pnsnsn& _d qtdgdgdom{ ~td hhdbn{if n duwdfgd{ st gicmfmi enswn his oif`mfds gd hn wmd{{n } st oi{n|f{dkisnkn lkmhi( qtds dswnknf sdbt{is gd ~td sts qhnfds sd {dnhm|n{nf&

Oicknwd dfw{d dbmqomis d emqd{k{dis& Gdwnhhd gdh {dhmdpd nfwd{mi{&

Ns qtds( wigi fis mfgtod n o{dd{ ~td nfwds gd hnf|n{ tf nsnhwi gd`mfmwmpi oifw{n Dbmqwi(his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd } gdh ionfi {dnb{tq{ifsd df Nct{{t&

[ncss MMM i{gdf hn cipmhm|nomf bdfd{nh& @i{wnhdom sts qtdswis `{ifwd{m|is gdh fi{wd(nsdbt{ his qtd{wis } nb{tq wign ohnsd gd dckn{onomifds nqwns qn{n dh oicknwd ~td gdhn qiqn n hn q{in dswnknf oihcngns gd btd{{d{is npd|ngis } `td{wds( n{cngis enswn hisgmdfwds& Dh `n{nf gmi hn i{gdf< _nong wigns hns n{cns( {dtfmg n wigns hns w{iqns gd{dsd{pn qn{n gdsw{tm{ nh dfdcmbi cmsd{nkhd& Dh {dohtwncmdfwi } hn gmsw{mktomf gd n{cnsoi{{n n on{bi gdh q{fomqd ed{dgd{i& Ngdcs gd hns w{iqns mfgbdfns `i{c{ifsdoiei{wds gd fdb{is } gd cd{odfn{mis sn{gis& Wigi n~tdh ~td dswnkn knli hns {gdfds gdh

`n{nf } ~td sd oifsmgd{nkn onqn| gd tsn{ n{cns( `td q{ipmswi gd dhhns& Ds df wifii{bthhisi ~td sd hdd< His sihgngis d{nf his cdli{ds gd Dbmqwi( d{nf oici hdifds ~td{tbdf df hns cifwnns& Hns w{iqns gd his on{{is d{nf wigns bdfwds npd|ngns nh oicknwd(

e{ids } oicknwmdfwds( gtoeis df hn htoen } ~td snknf qd{`downcdfwd st i`momi& _tsoi{odhds wdckhnknf mcqnomdfwds oif dh n`f gd gdsw{tm{ nh dfdcmbi&

Nh ~tmfwi ni gdh {dmfngi gd [ncss MMM %>>=4 n& O&-( gdsqts gd nhbtfns dson{nct|nshmbd{ns sd q{igtli dh nwn~td bdfd{nh oifw{n Dbmqwi& _dbt{ncdfwd dswd nwn~td dswnkn

q{dpmswi gdfw{i &gd tf qhnf bdfd{nh gd iqd{nomifds( qtds cmdfw{ns his hmkmis nwnonknf qi{dh idswd( n}tgngis oici df om{otfswnfomns nfwd{mi{ds qi{ his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd( gdsgd dhcn{ tfn qigd{isn `hiwn gd btd{{n mfwdfw `i{|n{ hn kion gdh Fmhi( n hn qn{ ~td dh b{tdsi

q{mfomqnh gd hn `td{|n sd qtsi df cn{oen gdsgd dh qns nci{{mwn& [ncss MMM snhm nh`{dfwd gd sts w{iqns nh dfotdfw{i gdh dfdcmbi&


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Dsodfn gd oicknwd fnpnh& Fnpd emqd{k{dn gd his {dhmdpds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk&

_d q{igtli dfwifods tfn oihmsmf gd smbfm`mongi emsw{moi ctfgmnh& B{nomns n wigis his

{dot{sis gd ~td sd enf doengi cnfi }( nh qn{dod{( n hn `i{wtfn duodqomifnh ~td hd nsmswmdf pn{mis oicknwds( [ncss MMM qtgi {dsmswm{ dswd nsnhwi gd his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd&Omdfwis gd cmhds gd dhhis `td{if ctd{wis i onqwt{ngis& His kn{ois gd btd{{n gd hn

bdfwd gdh fi{wd( nhbtfis gd his otnhds oifsmbtmd{if hhdbn{ n hn oiswn dbmqomn( oeion{ifoifw{n tfn ct{nhhn gd oik{d } `td{if od{ongis qi{ hns hnf|ns gd his sihgngis( ~td hdsikhmbn{if n mfwd{fn{sd df dh qns } hds nmshn{if: sts iotqnfwds gd{{mkngis nh nki{gnld(

`td{if nfm~tmhngis } sts ongpd{ds sd ncifwifnknf gd hn q{in n hn qiqn gd sts fnpds&His dbmqomis emomd{if |i|ik{n{ n ctoeis kn{ois } ctoeis w{mqthnfwds gd dhhis( ~tdktsonknf hn snhpnomf fngnfgi( qd{domd{if neibngis i ctd{wis knli sts n{cns& Hnsctld{ds } his fmis gd dswis qtdkhis gdh fi{wd i gdh cn{ noicqnnknf df on{{dwnswm{ngns qi{ ktd}ds n his ~td d`dowtnknf hn mfpnsmf qi{ pn wd{{dsw{d& Ctoeis gd dhhis

`td{if od{ongis( } ctld{ds } fmis( smf gmswmfomf nhbtfn( `td{if ctd{wis i edoeisq{msmifd{is&

Oicknwd fnpnh dfw{d dbmqomis d emqd{k{dis& Gd his {dhmdpds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk&

R{ds|mfsjm( dh {dqtwngi dbmqwhibi( stqifd ~td hn gdomsmf gd hn knwnhhn dswtpi df dh cn{(gdkmgi n hn b{nf q{ihmlmgng gd gdwnhhds ~td n dswd nsqdowi gd hn btd{{n sd oifsnb{n& Dsct} qismkhd& Hns mhtsw{nomifds ~td hhdfnf hns qn{dgds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk wnckmf fisgdlnf dfw{dpd{ qi{ ~t ciwmpi hn bdfwd gdh fi{wd( n qdsn{ gd sts mffdbnkhds giwdscn{mfd{ns( qd{gm hn knwnhhn fnpnh& _ts dckn{onomifds on{donf gd {dcis } dswnknf


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giwngns gd pdhns ~td fmoncdfwd qignf mcqdhd{ enomn gdhnfwd& Nh qn{dod{( df n~tdh gngdomsmpi gd hn knwnhhn {dmfnkn hn onhcn& Hns pdhns on{bngns d{nf mfiqd{nfwds } his kn{oisgd{mpn{if nh mcqthsi gd hns oi{{mdfwds ~td his hhdpnknf enomn wmd{{n& Qi{ iw{n qn{wd( hngiwnomf gd oicknwd gd his kn{ois mkn q{ipmswn shi gd dsqngn } hnf|n( ds gdom{( mknfd~tmqngis shi qn{n hn htoen otd{qi n otd{qi } fmfbtfi gmsqifn gd n{oi& Df onckmi(

gdsdckionfgi qi{ si{q{dsn gd his gm`d{dfwds k{n|is gd cn{ gdh gdhwn gdh Fmhi( hisdbmqomis wdfnf sts kn{ois q{iqthsngis } kmdf gm{mbmgis n `td{|n gd k{n|is } wigis dhhisgmsqifnf gd n{ois( qi{ hi ~td on}d{if oici tfn w{ickn sik{d hns dckn{onomifdsdfdcmbns& Cnfwdfmfgisd n gmswnfomn( mfotckn n his n{~td{is dh gmsqn{n{ tfn ftkd gd

`hdoens sik{d his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd( mfgd`dfsis sik{d dh qtdfwd gd sts fnpds& His dbmqomis(nh ikldwi gd q{iwdbd{ n sts {dcd{is } n{~td{is( sd dsotgn{if w{ns his otd{qis gd his

q{msmifd{is nwngis n hns ki{gns gd hns fnpds& Otnfgi hn w{mqthnomf f{gmon `td gmd|cngnqi{ his od{wd{is gmsqn{is gd his n{~td{is dbmqomis( nq{iumc{ifsd swis n hns fnpdsdfdcmbns }( hnf|nfgi bn{`mis gd nki{gnld( his cn{mfis dbmqomis mfwdfwn{if dfsn{wn{hns dfhns pdhns on{bngns gd his kn{ois dfdcmbis qn{n enod{his |i|ik{n{& Tfn pd| hib{ngi( his

btd{{d{is `td{if nfm~tmhngis `omhcdfwd df dh nbtn } shi nhbtfis gd dhhis hib{n{ifnhonf|n{ hn oiswn( gifgd `td{if onqwt{ngis qi{ his dbmqomis&

Fnpi dbmqomi gd btd{{n htoenfgi oif tfn dckn{onomf emqd{k{dn& Gd his {dhmdpds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk&%_dbf Dnmhmdm emsw{mon. [doi{gs i` [ncsds MMM& Wed Tfmpd{smw} i` Oemonbi Q{dss&-

His dsothwi{ds dbmqomis enf mfci{wnhm|ngi df his {dhmdpds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk dsodfnsmcq{dsmifnfwds df ~td hn bdfwd gdh fi{wd htoen qi{ hn pmgn& Df tfn dckn{onomf( gdfw{i

gd hn otnh wigis his gdcs eick{ds dswf ctd{wis i ed{mgis( sd pd n tf btd{{d{i ~td(siswdfmdfgi oif st cnfi gd{doen n tf oncn{ngn( ond nh nbtn( cmdfw{ns hdpnfwn stdsotgi qn{n gd`dfgd{sd& Df iw{i( his cn{mfd{is gdh fi{wd( n qdsn{ gdh qdhmb{i ~td sik{ddhhis sd omd{fd( n}tgnf n stkm{ tf ed{mgi n ki{gi& His knli{{dhmdpds gd hn knwnhhn wd{{dsw{dctdsw{nf dsodfns ~td mhtsw{nf sik{d dh dsq{mwt gd oicqnd{msci } sik{d hn pnhdfwn gdhis btd{{d{is nwnonfwds& Iwwi Dms`dhg( ~td en dswtgmngi wnf nod{wngncdfwd hnsompmhm|nomifds `dfmomns } `mhmswdns( wmdfd {n|f otnfgi dso{mkd< His knli{{dhmdpds dbmqomis~td fis duqhmonf hns knwnhhns hmk{ngns qi{ [ncsds MMM oifw{n his `mhmswdis gdctdsw{nf hnpnhdfwn gd dswis hwmcis& Mfohtsi q{msmifd{is } dfongdfngis( his ontwmpis cnfwmdfdf tfnm{d fikhd } nhwmpi& Htdbi pd{dcis ~td his `mhmswdis wmdfdf tf qnqdh mcqi{wnfwsmci dfhn oinhmomf gd his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd } gdh cn{&


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His dbmqomis od{odfn{if hns cnfis gd his ctd{wis } gd his ed{mgis wnfwi gd wmd{{n oicigd cn{( qn{n oifwn{hns } htdbi enomfn{hns& Df n~tdh wmdcqi swd d{n dh q{iodgmcmdfwi ~tdsd dcqhdnkn qn{n d`dowtn{ dh {dotdfwi gdh dfdcmbi ongi df dh oncqi gd knwnhhn& Qd{i(oisn duw{nn( df wnfwi ~td smdcq{d df hns knwnhhns hmk{ngns qi{ [ncsds MMM dh fcd{i gdcnfis oi{wngns sd omwn dso{tqthisncdfwd ns( qi{ dldcqhi( df hn knwnhhn oifw{n hmkmis

} qtdkhis gdh fi{wd oinhmbngis df hns `{ifwd{ns gdh idswd gd Dbmqwi( hns mfso{mqomifds gdCdgmfdw#Enk {dbmsw{nf tf wiwnh gd ;4&102 cnfis } ;4&;>4 `nhis( df dswn gdomsmpnknwnhhn gdh ni >>=4 nfwds gd Ldsto{mswi fi sd gnf hns om`{ns dunowns gd hns cnfisoi{wngns& _hi sd gmod ~td `td{if oi{wngis cnfis } `nhis smf otdfwi& Df onckmi( df dhcmsci wduwi sd enkhn gd wnfwis dfdcmbis oici snhwncifwds( gd omdfwis gd cmhds d(mfohtsi( gd cmhhifds& Wnf ftcd{isis oici his b{nfis gd n{dfn gdh cn{ `td( sdbfsd gmod df hns mfso{mqomifds( dh fcd{i gd q{msmifd{is&

W{mqthnfwds gd tfn fnpd emqd{k{dn& Iks{pdsd hn on{nowd{swmon oi{ifn gd onns } his dsotgisom{othn{ds& Gd his {dhmdpds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk&

Gdsw{toomf gd tfn fnpd emqd{k{dn& Qi{ cdgmi gd tf bn{`mi( his dbmqomis enodf |i|ik{n{ hnsdckn{onomifds emqd{k{dns& Gd his {dhmdpds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk& %_dbf Dn{hmd{ emsw{monh [doi{gs i` [ncsds

MMM& Wed Tfmpd{smw} i` Oemonbi Q{dss&-


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Q{msmifd{is emqd{k{dis& Nwngis qi{ his oigis( his stqd{pmpmdfwds gd hn knwnhhn fnpnh sif oifgtomgis n hisoncqis gd q{msmifd{is& Gd his {dhmdpds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk&

Wigns dswns n`m{cnomifds pnbns d mcq{domsns fis mfgtodf n o{dd{ ~td sd dsoibmd{if dswnsduq{dsmifds gdkmgi n ~td dh fcd{i gd knlns( wnfwi gd ctd{wis oici gd ed{mgis( `td ct}stqd{mi{ nh gd hns knwnhhns q{dodgdfwds&

Tf b{nf knli{{dhmdpd ~td sd en oifsd{pngi qd{`downcdfwd fis ctdsw{n hn std{wd ~td sd{dsd{p n his q{msmifd{is& Nwngis `td{wdcdfwd tfis oifw{n iw{is d{nf oifgtomgis noncqis gd q{msmifd{is& _dfwngis df hfdn df his oncqis dsqd{nknf n ~td sd hdsmfwd{{ibn{n& Tfi n tfi d{nf oifgtomgis nfwd his i`momnhds dbmqomis( n his ~td ds `omh

mgdfwm`mon{ qi{ sts hn{bis cnfgmhds& Dfwifods sd hds cn{onkn df hn dsqnhgn( oif tf emd{{inh {ili( dh sdhhi gdh sikd{nfi& Mfcdgmnwncdfwd sdbtn dh mfwd{{ibnwi{mi( ~td ~tdgnkn{dbmsw{ngi qi{ ftcd{isis dso{mkns&

Dh dl{omwi emqd{k{di df dh ontwmpd{mi& N hn m|~tmd{gn( mfwd{{ibnwi{mi gd his q{msmifd{is emqd{k{dis qi{ his

dbmqomis& N hn gd{doen( his q{msmifd{is sif cn{ongis oif tf emd{{i nh {ili pmpi& Gd his {dhmdpds gd Cdgmfdw#Enk& %_dbf Dn{hmd{ emsw{monh [doi{gs i` [ncss MMM& Wed Tfmpd{smw} i` Oemonbi Q{dss&-

Dh q{iqmi `n{nf oifgtli n his {d}ds } q{fomqds gd his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd } gdh ionfi ~tdenknf smgi onqwt{ngis df dh oicknwd& [ncss MMM q{domsn ~td enkmdfgi edoei q{msmifd{isn gmd| q{fomqds gd his qtdkhis gdh fi{wd `td{if tfomgis n st oi{wdli w{mtf`nh&

Hn pmowi{mn gd [ncss MMM qn{dod enkd{ smgi wiwnh } gd`mfmwmpn( qd{i hn {dnhmgng fis gmod~td fi `td smfi tfn pmowi{mn q{{mon& Ctoens iw{ns pdods wtpi ~td qifd{sd nh `{dfwd gdsts eick{ds qn{n gd`dfgd{ n st qns& Dh Nfwmbti Wdswncdfwi enod wnckmf nhtsmf ndswns oifwmftns btd{{ns dfw{d his dbmqomis } his `mhmswdis %qtdkhis gdh fi{wd-& Df dh uigi%>?( >2- sd gmod< Otnfgi dh `n{nf qd{cmwm ~td snhmd{n dh qtdkhi( Gmis fi his hhdp qi{dh oncmfi gd hn wmd{{n gd his `mhmswdis( ~td dswnkn cs od{on: qi{~td Gmis qdfs ~td ~tm|


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dh qtdkhi sd n{{dqmfwmdsd otnfgi pmd{n hn btd{{n } pihpmd{n n Dbmqwi& Dbmqwi wtpi ~tdqnbn{ ct} on{i df snfb{d dh q{domi gd dswns btd{{ns& Cmdfw{ns ~td df dh {dmfngi gd[ncss MM Dbmqwi sd dfoifw{nkn nf df qhdfi nqibdi( knli dh gd sts stodsi{ds tf qd{igigd hdwn{bi nftfomn hn gdongdfomn& His qtdkhis f{gmois qtgmd{if oifsihmgn{sd df hnnfwmbtn q{ipmfomn dbmqomn gd Nct{{t( hn nowtnh _m{mn( df gifgd oifsw{t}d{if qtd{wis

sdbt{is df hn oiswn& Gt{nfwd tfis ;11 nis hib{n{if cnfwdfd{sd oici ncis } sdi{dsgd wign Qnhdswmfn } hns {dbmifds gdh hmwi{nh i{mdfwnh gdh Cdgmwd{{fdi( ~td n qn{wm{ gddfwifods wic dh fick{d gd cn{ gd his `mhmswdis gdh fick{d gmfswmoi gd his Qe{sw i

`mhmswdis( tfn gd hns dswm{qds gd his oif~tmswngi{ds %uigi( ;?( ?>-&

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21/114

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emswi{mngi{ds( Qhnwf enkn q{i}downgi dhdpn{ hn ci{nh gd his nwdfmdfsds qi{ dh {dhnwi gdhis mcqi{wnfwds edoeis gd sts nfwdqnsngis( enk{n snongi cdli{ qn{wmgi gd hn cnwd{mnemsw{mon gd hn otnh gmsqifn& ]( sik{d wigi( sd enk{n nkswdfmgi gd dso{mkm{ ~td( dfionsmf gd tfis b{nfgds wdckhi{ds gd wmd{{n df dh ni >;11 n& O& df dh dsqnomi gd tfsihi gn } gd tfn fioed wd{{mkhds( wign ptdsw{n n{cngn %hn gd Nwdfns- `td etfgmgn gd tf

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HN_ QM[NCMGD_ _TCD[MN_&

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Dh hdbngi gd his stcd{mis ds mcqi{wnfwd df ctoeis nsqdowis qd{i dh csgdswnongi smf gtgn `td dh gd hn dso{mwt{n Hn hdfbtn stcd{mn fi wtpi qn{dfwdsoioif fmfbtfn iw{n gd st qion( fi en enkmgi fmfbf pionkthn{mi df dh ctfgi ~tdsd hd qn{domd{n

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Dh smbtmdfwd onckmi df hn dso{mwt{n qmowib{`mon `td gdkmgi nh tsi gd hns wnkhmhhns gdkn{{i qn{n dso{mkm{ Nh q{mfomqmi sd dso{mkn oif tfn qd~tdn onn gd ì{cnoi{{mgn( oif hfdns {downs } ot{pns _mf dckn{bi q{ifwi sd gmd{if otdfwn ~td dfkn{{i d{n cs òmh dso{mkm{ q{dsmifnfgi tfn qd~tdn otn( ~td enon tfnmfomsmf Gd n~t pmdfd dh fick{d ~td {domkd dswd wmqi gd dso{mwt{n< otfdmì{cdNei{n shi sd qignf {dq{igtom{ hfdns {downs( ~td sm kmdf mfwdfwnknf sdbtm{{dq{igtomdfgi nh ikldwi i pd{ki( ng~tm{md{if tfn ì{cn qdothmn{ ~td oif hndpihtomf gdh wmdcqi hns w{nfsì{c df qnhnk{ns ~td }n fi sd qn{donfqmow{moncdfwd n hn qnhnk{n i{mbmfnh

Tfn on{nowd{swmon ot{misn gd dswn hdfbtn d{nf his gmnhdowis( twmhm|ngis sdbf hnonwdbi{n siomnh gdh enkhnfwd

Oif his stcd{mis nqn{dom hi ~td hhncncis Ompmhm|nomf( oif dhhis nqn{domd{if his{nsbis wnfwi qismwmpis oici fdbnwmpis gd ftdsw{n dsqdomd df siomdgng Od{on gdhni ?111 wnckmf nqn{domd{if iw{ns ompmhm|nomifds oici On{nh df dh Qd{( hndbmqomn( hn oemfn } hn gdh Mfgi

Df hn Kmkhmn df dh Bfdsms dh |mbt{nw stcd{mi } sts oifsw{towi{ds sifcdfomifngis otnfgi sd {d`md{df n hn Wi{{d gd Knkdh

Bfdsms >>

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Ns dh hng{mhhi hds sd{pn gd qmdg{n } dh kdwf gd n{bncnsn&7 Gdsqts gmld{if< Dn( pncis n dgm`mon{fis tfn omtgng } tfn wi{{d oif hn osqmgd df hisomdhis( } enbcifis `ncisis( qi{ sm fis gdsqd{gmbncis qi{ wign hn en| gd hn wmd{{n&4 Knl ]nepde n pd{ hn omtgng } hn wi{{d ~td enknf dgm`mongi his etcnfis(0 } gmli ]nepde< Ed n~t ~td wigis sif tf sihi qtdkhi oif tf cmsci hdfbtnld( } dswd ds dh

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2 Dn( qtds( knldcis( } tfn pd| nhh oif`tfgncis st hdfbtnld( gd cigi ~td fi dfwmdfgnongn otnh dh gd st q{lmci&5 ] gdsgd n~tdh qtfwi his gdsqd{gmb ]nepde qi{ wign hn `n| gd hn wmd{{n( } gdln{if gddgm`mon{ hn omtgng&= Qi{ dsi sd hn hhnc Knkdh: qi{~td nhh dck{ihh ]nepde dh hdfbtnld gd wigi dh ctfgi( }

gdsgd nhh his gdsqd{gmb ]nepde qi{ wign hn `n| gd hn wmd{{n %HN _NFWN KMKHMN #PD[_MF KMKHMN GD LD[T_NHF( >=20-

Hn Wi{{d gd Knkdh

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Ik{d{n stcd{mn

Qn{n his stcd{mis dh \mbt{nw ds hn Onsn gd Gmis( ct} gm`d{dfwd nh Wdcqhi& Qn{ndhhis hn ci{ngn gd gmis d{n dh \mbt{nw( gifgd sd oictfmonkn oif tf b{tqi sdhdowigd snod{giwds mfmomngis( cmdfw{ns ~td df dh Wdcqhi gmis dswnkn oif wigis sts

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Dh cnwd{mnh ~td tsn{if qn{n hn oifsw{toomf `td( hng{mhhis oiomgis nh `tdbi( tfmgisoif kdwf gd n{bncnsn Dh gmsdi ds gd qhnwn`i{cns otng{nfbthn{ds stqd{qtdswns(enswn gd smdwd qmsis

Dumswd tf edoei oicf( his stcd{mis nh mbtnh ~td his ltgis df hn Dqiqd}n gdBmhbncdse } hn Kmkhmn( {dsqdowmpncdfwd cdfomifnf dh gmhtpmi tfmpd{snh

Kts~tdgn gd hn mfci{wnhmgng

2& Df dh stdi gd Dfjmgt( his gmisds qmdfsnf ~td nhbtmdf gdkd sd{ onswmbngi qi{ hn ctd{wdgdh +Wi{i gdh omdhi+ } gd +Etcknkn+ } gdomgdf enod{ qnbn{ n Dfjmgt&& Dfjmgt oicmdf|n nhncdfwn{sd gd _encenw qi{~td nei{n sd n{{dqmdfwd gdh gn df ~td sd oifpm{wm df etcnfi&_encnse hds enkhn gdsgd dh omdhi } hds enod pd{ otf mfltswi ds Dfjmgt( hds gmod ~tdBmhbncdse sd oifpd{wm{ df tfn sick{n gd st nfwmbti sd{ gdkmgi n st ctd{wd& Dfjmgt sd

{dw{nown gd hi gmoei } kdfgmod n _encenw& Fi ikswnfwd( df`d{cn ongn pd| cs }( ci{mktfgi(gdso{mkd dh mf`{nctfgi&

5& Bmhbncdse sd hncdfwn qi{ Dfjmgt } i`{dod {dbnhis n his gmisds qn{n ~td oncmfdf nh hngigd Dfjmgt df dh cs nhh&

=& Bmhbncdse q{iot{n dpmwn{ dh gdswmfi gd Dfjmgt } dcq{dfgd tf qdhmb{isi pmnld qn{npmsmwn{ n Twfnqmsewmc } n st dsqisn( his fmois sd{ds etcnfis ~td sik{dpmpmd{if dh gmhtpmi} n ~tmdfds hds `td oifodgmgn hn mfci{wnhmgng qi{ his gmisds( oif hn dsqd{nf|n gd ikwdfd{hnwnckmf& %Qidcn gd Bmhbncdse( Nfifmci-

Hn Kmkhmn } hn Dqiqd}n gd Bmhbncdse wmdfdf df oicf ngdcs gd hicdfomifngi hi smbtmdfwd Hn mftfgnomf iot{{d df hn hhnft{n gd Cdsiqiwcmon; Dh qd{sifnld q{mfomqnh ds ngpd{wmgi qn{n ~td oifsw{t}n tfn dckn{onomf qn{ndsonqn{ gd hn mftfgnomf? Dh qd{sifnld q{mfomqnh {domkd mfsw{toomifds gd ~td sd snhpd( n st `ncmhmn( } tfdldcqhn{ gd ongn nfmcnh7 Hns dckn{onomifds td{if sdhhngns oif nh~tmw{f

4 Hns dckn{onomifds sd gdwtpmd{if `mfnhcdfwd df tfn cifwnn0 _d sihwn{if npds qn{n gdwd{cmfn{ sm hns nbtns sd {dwm{n{if2 Dh qd{sifnld q{mfomqnh sno{m`mo tfn i`{dfgn

Hn pd{smf cs oicqhdwn gd hn Dqiqd}n ~td dumswd( oifsmswd df giod wnkhmhhns gdn{omhhn qd{wdfdomdfwds n hn kmkhmiwdon gdh {d} nsm{mi Nset{knfmqnh %_mbhi PMM n O-I{mbmfnhcdfwd sd hn oifion qi{ dh wwthi +h ~tmdf pmi hns q{i`tfgmgngds+ %_enfn~kn ct{t- i +Qi{ dfomcn gd wigis his iw{is {d}ds+ %_ewt{ dhm sen{{-( }n ~tdd{nf hns q{mcd{ns hfdns gd sts qn{wds q{mfomqnhds
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HN_ QM[NCMGD_ QD[TNFN_&

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Wigi dswi onckm( qtds his w{nknlis d mfpdswmbnomifds {dnhm|ngns gdsgd >==7 qi{ dhQ{i}dowi Dsqdomnh N{~tdihbmoi On{nh # _tqd %QDNO_- gm{mbmgis qi{ hn G{ [twe_eng} enf gdcisw{ngi( df knsd nh cwigi gd gnwnomf gdh on{kifi >7( ~td dfwmdcqis wnf {dciwis oici enod 4111 nis %?111 no- On{nh d{n tfn pmk{nfwdomtgng gd ciftcdfwnhds qm{cmgds


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Hn G{n _eng} } his cmdck{is gdh QDNO_ {dnhm|n{if dfw{d >==7 } >==4 tfnq{isqdoomf df dh pnhhd gd _tqd( mgdfwm`monfgi smwmis n{~tdihbmois oifsmgd{ngisct} nfwmbtis( gdwd{cmfnfgi sts on{nowd{swmons( qn{domgis } gm`d{dfomns Dhmbdf nOn{nh oici qtfwi gd mfmomi( knsngis df hn ntsdfomn gd {dswis gd od{cmon df hnstqd{`momd( hn gmpd{smgng n{~tmwdowfmon gdh smwmi( dh i{gdf nqn{dfwd df ~td dswftkmongns hns qm{cmgds } hn ciftcdfwnhmgng gd gmoens dsw{towt{ns Df >==0 sdmfmomn{if hns duonpnomifds ~td fi enf qn{ngi enswn hn nowtnhmgng

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Hn n{~tdihibn ctfgmnh oifsmgd{n ~td dh mfmomi gd hn ompmhm|nomf df Cdsiqiwncmn(Dbmqwi( Mfgmn i Oemfn sd i{mbmf n qn{wm{ gdh tsi gd hn nb{mothwt{n oici siqi{wd gdhn stksmswdfomn( hi ~td qd{cmwm n his b{tqis etcnfis nsdfwn{sd df tf sihi htbn{ }oifsw{tm{ omtgngds _mf dckn{bi( qn{n nhbtfis n{~tdhibis oici CmoendhCisdhd} %>=24- } [ikd{w @dhgcnf %>=54- df dh Qd{ hn sdgdfwn{m|nomf } hnoifsw{toomf gd omtgngds df hn oiswn dswtpi hmbngn n hn duqhiwnomf gd his {dot{siscn{mfis ~td sif nktfgnfwds qi{ hn oi{{mdfwd cn{mfn gd Etckihw } ds q{gmbn dfqdods } cn{msois Dswd ds dh onsi gd sqd{i( Nhhqnoiwi( Bnhbngn( On{nh } iw{is( ~tdb{nomns n hn qdson } dh cn{ms~tdi qtgmd{if stswdfwn{ tfn pmgn qd{cnfdfwd }sdgdfwn{mn oif tfn doificn ~td bdfd{ duodgdfwds ~td `td{if tsngis qn{ndfwnkhn{ {dhnomifds siomnhds oif iw{is b{tqis etcnfis sdgdfwn{mis df hn oiswn }enomn dh mfwd{mi{ gdh pnhhd } ì{cn{ `mfnhcdfwd tfn ompmhm|nomf

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Df knsd n his dswtgmis gd hn n{omhhn gd his ngikds( sd en gdwd{cmfngi ~td sdoomifdsdfwd{ns gd hn Etnon gdh _ih } hn Htfn dswf oifsw{tmgns oif ngikds q{ipdfmdfwdsgd tfn cmscn onfwd{n( } wmdfdf tf cmsci wmqi gd cn{on

Oicqhdli qm{ncmgnh gd Wotcd

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qdfisn } nh hhdbn{ n hn omcn( sd hib{nkn tf dsq{mwt dhdpngi } hn od{dcifmn df n~tdh


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wmdcqi d{n tf noifwdomcmdfwi `dswmpi df hn pmgn gd n~tdhhis sd{ds etcnfis

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Hn othwt{n Cioed sd gdsn{{ihhi q{mfomqnhcdfwd df hn oiswn Fi{wd gdh Qd{ df hisgdqn{wncdfwis gd Hnckn}d~td } Hn hmkd{wng( Ntf~td sts cnfm`dswnomifds hhdbnf

enswn his gdqn{wncdfwis gd Qmt{n qi{ dh Fi{wd } Nfonse qi{ dh _t{ _d w{nwn gd tfnothwt{n ksmoncdfwd oiswd{n( ~td sd nsmdfwn df tfn {dbmf fmon df dh Qd{ gifgdhn oiswn ds knswnfwd cns nfoen ~td df dh {dswi gdh hmwi{nh qd{tnfi( gifgd his pnhhdsstdhdf sd{ knswnfwd nfbiswis } gd qioi qiwdfomnh nb{oihn

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Wotcd sd mfmom gt{nfwd dh qd{igi ohsmoi gd hn othwt{n _mof( oifpm{wmfgisd dfdh cs mcqi{wnfwd odfw{i t{knfi gd hn {dbmf Qi{ dhhi( his oif~tmswngi{ds Oemctd Mfon hi dsoibmd{if oici odfw{i gd st qigd{ qihwmoi ngcmfmsw{nwmpi

Qm{cmgds gd Wotcd

Hns qm{cmgds gd Wotcd sif fiwnkhds qi{ st duw{ni{gmfn{mi wncni< sdbfdswmcnomifds( cs gd >?1 cmhhifds gd hng{mhhis gd ngikd sdongis nh sih `td{iffdodsn{mis qn{n oifsw{tm{ hn cs b{nfgd gd 741 c gd hn{bi( >11 gd nfoei } 71 gdnhwt{n

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HN_ QM[NCMGD_ DBMQOMN_&

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Hn b{nf Qm{cmgd gd Bm|n&

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Hn q{mcd{n wdi{n dsw knsngn df hn o{ddfomn ~td `td{if his snkmis oifsw{towi{dsgd hn Nwhfwmgn( ns oici gd hns qm{cmgds mfons } cn}ns Df wdi{n dh qhnfdwnbi|n gd omohis pmwnhds gd onsm ;0111 nis( } df st qtfwi cdgmi %Ni >?111- sdhib{n hn cumcn snkmgt{n( df swd cicdfwi sd q{igtod tf onwnohmsci } wignshns {n|ns gd hn Wmd{{n sd duwmfbtdf Dswd onwnohmsci q{ipio hn gdsw{toomf gd hnNwhfwmgn( qd{i sts enkmwnfwds( oifsomdfwds gd hn {dnhmgng ~td sd npdomfnkngdomgmd{if snhpn{ hn {n|n etcnfn( o{dnfgi ns oncqis cnbfwmois dsqdomnhds~td q{iwdbmd{nf nh sd{ etcnfi gdh onwnohmsci( hns Qm{cmgds sd{nf hnsoifsw{toomifds fdodsn{mns( } wigis his oifiomcmdfwis ~td ng~tm{md{if hnsothwt{ns dbmqomn( mfon } cn}n `td{if w{nfscmwmgis qi{ his qng{ds gd hn Nwhfwmgnn hns w{mkts gd gmoens |ifns( ~td df htbn{ds duw{dcngncdfwd sdqn{ngisikwtpmd{if mgdns( oifodqomifds } oifiomcmdfwis ct} smcmhn{ds( gd `i{cn onsmmfcdgmnwn( smf enkd{ smgi q{dodgmgns qi{ mcqi{wnfwds othwt{ns Dswns wdi{nsn`m{cnf ~td df dh ni ;1>; hhdbn{dcis nh `mfnh gd dswd omohi pmwnh gd hn Wmd{{n( }qnsn{dcis n hn 7 Gmcdfsmf

Qi{ iw{i hngi hn wdi{n duw{nwd{{dsw{d ds hn ~td cs sdbtmgi{ds wmdfd } hn ~td sdknsn df wdi{ns cs hbmons i q{owmons( tf `{nbcdfwi omhfg{moi gd cngd{n ~tdsd gdcisw{ omdfw`moncdfwd ~td qd{wdfdon n tf khi~td gd b{nfmwi ~td sddfotdfw{n df hn dfw{ngn } sm{pm oici smswdcn gd omd{{d `td dfoifw{ngi df tfigd his qnsngm|is gd hn qm{cmgd( w{ns sd{ sicdwmgi n hn q{tdkn gdh On{kifi >7 sdgdsotk{m ~td dh `{nbcdfwi qd{wdfdon nh ni ;1>0 gdsqts gd O{mswi ^tmd{dgdom{ dsi ~td pmdfd gdh `twt{i9 Dh q{iqmi smswdcn gd omd{{d gd hn dfw{ngn en smginfnhm|ngi } qn{dod ~td his nbtld{is qn{n mfw{igtom{ his omhmfg{is gd cngd{n enfsmgi edoeis oif duw{nns k{ions ~td gdkd{nf wdfd{ tf fmpdh gd Gt{d|n 411( dh


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Ds df Wmjnh gifgd hn n{~tmwdowt{n cn}n ohsmon sd cnfm`mdswn cs hmk{dcdfwd Dfdswn mfcdfsn cdw{qihm ~td( df st nqibdi( wtpi ~td nhkd{bn{ n gdodfns gd cmhdsgd enkmwnfwds } nksi{kd{ hn q{igtoomf gd wigi dh Qdwf( hn oifodfw{nomf gdhqigd{ qihwmoi } {dhmbmisi ikhmb n gdgmon{ dfi{cds ds`td{|is n hn dgm`monomf gdtf oifltfwi gd ciftcdfwis b{nfgmisis( ot}n `tfomf snb{ngn sd oifltbnknoif dh od{dcifmnh


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Qm{cmgd gd Wmjnh

En{ `nhwn cdgmi cmhdfmi qn{n ~td hn qm{cmgd cn}n nhonfod sts gmcdfsmifdscumcns< sd qtdgd onhothn{ tfn dpihtomf oifswnfwd gdsgd hn qhnwn`i{cn gdOd{{is %>= u >7 c( u 4 c gd nhwi( i sdn( >?11 c?-( i gdsgd hn gd Tnunowf( df hisnhki{ds gd ftdsw{n d{n %;4 c gd hngi qi{ = c gd nhwi( i sdn 4111 c?-( enswn hnoihisnh qm{cmgd gdh wdcqhi MP gd Wmjnh %21 c gd nhwi qi{ tfn knsd gd tfis 01 u41 c( i sdn( 24111 c?- ~td gnwn gdh smbhi PMM Dh pihtcdf gdh dgm`momi ~tdoifswmwt}d dh knsncdfwi gdh snfwtn{mi stqd{mi{ sd enk{ cthwmqhmongi qi{sdsdfwn( df tf onsi( } qi{ ~tmfod( df dh iw{i Qd{i st `tfomf fi enk{ pn{mngi41111 wifdhngns( sd gdkdf dpmgdfwdcdfwd nhgdsci{ifncmdfwi fnwt{nh gd his cnwd{mnhds notcthngis ]n fi sd w{nwn gdwmd{{n( smfi gd cncqiswd{n( } hn oifsw{toomf {dq{dsdfwn tfn pd{gngd{n en|nngdsgd dh qtfwi gd pmswn wofmoi Hn qm{cmgd en smgi oifsw{tmgn b{nomns nhgicmfmi gdh ci{wd{i Wmdfd tf {dpdswmcmdfwi otmgngisncdfwd nqn{dlngi(stk{n}ngi qi{ tfis dsonhifds ot}i cigdhngi nhmbd{n hn cnsn

Df Qnhdf~td hn `tfomf ds gm`d{dfwd Df st knsd( oici iot{{d oif hns qm{cmgdsgd Dbmqwi( sd dfotdfw{n tfn wtckn stkwd{{fdn ei{ngngn gdfw{i gd hn

oifsw{toomf Nhh gdsonfsn his {dswis ci{wnhds gdh sikd{nfi gmpmfm|ngi Dswn`tfomf( `t {doifiomgn w{ns dh gdsotk{mcmdfwi gd hn `ncisn o{mqwn gdh Wdcqhigd hns Mfso{mqomifds gd Qnhdf~td df >=4;( ~td oifwdfn dh sn{o`nbi gd Qnonh(dswd dgm`momi cn}n wmdfd gikhd smbfm`mongi< @tfd{n{mi } {dhmbmisi

Qd{i( df hn cdgmgn df ~td sd n`m{cn dh qigd{ ntwio{wmoi gdh ld`d gd ongnomtgng( oif hn wdfgdfomn n hn edbdcifn ~td nhbtfis odfw{is mcqi{wnfwdsdld{odf sik{d hns omtgngds od{onfns( hns `tfomifds othwt{nhds } `tfd{n{mns sdoifpmd{wdf df tfn sihn oisn< hn dunhwnomf gdh qigd{ qd{sifnh N~t sdcnfm`mdswn dh nksihtwmsci gdh sikd{nfi ] hns dswdhns smwtngns df hn duqhnfngn( nh

qmd gd ongn wdcqhi( q{iohncnf qi{ dso{mwi his noifwdomcmdfwis mcqi{wnfwds gdh{dmfngi gd ongn ld{n{on( {doi{gnfgi st hhdbngn nh w{ifi( st kign( sts pmowi{mns(


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cdfomifnfgi his dfdcmbis ~td sno{m`mo n his gmisds( dftcd{nfgi hns en|nns~td hhdp n onki

Qnhdf~td Wdcqhi gd hn Mfso{mqomifds

Hn n{~tmwdowt{n cn}n( df dswn qd{sqdowmpn( sd oifpmd{wd df mfsw{tcdfwi gd hnbhi{mn mfgmpmgtnh< pmfothn dsw{doencdfwd n hns gmpmfmgngds oif dh {d} ~td hds en

oifsnb{ngi nhwn{ds( qhnwn`i{cns i qm{cmgds

Hns qm{cmgds cn}ns df st cn}i{n `td{if oifsw{tmgns qi{ khi~tds gd qmdg{n(smf dckn{bi en} wnckmf qm{cmgds oifsw{tmgis qi{ hng{mhhis gd kn{{i } ds dhonsi gd hn Qm{cmgd gd Oicnhonhoi df Wnknsoi

Nhbtfns oifsw{toomifds sd emomd{if oif `mfds nsw{ifcmois %dh On{noih(iksd{pnwi{mi gd Oemoedfhw|n: hn wi{{d gdh Qnhnomi gd Qnhdf~td- Df pn{mis smwmisgdh Qdwdf gd Btnwdcnhn( hn gmsqismomf gd omd{wis dgm`momis %B{tqi D( dfTnunowtc- stbmd{d hn mfwdfomf gd dswnkhdod{ pmstnhds enomn qtfwis gd mfwd{s

nsw{ifcmoi %qtdswn gdh sih df his sihswmomis } d~tmfioomis- gdsgd tf qtfwigd`mfmgi His wdcqhis cmscis( dgm`mongis df hn omcn gd hns qm{cmgds( i`{donfomd{wns qismkmhmgngds qn{n hns iksd{pnomifds( }n ~td dswnknf smwtngis qi{dfomcn gdh {dswi gd hns oifsw{toomifds( od{{is } kis~tds

Oif {dot{sis wofmois wnf dhdcdfwnhds( his nsw{ficis cn}ns( q{iknkhdcdfwdsnod{giwds dsqdomnhm|ngis( hib{n{if dswtgmn{ } q{domsn{ hns {dpihtomifds oohmonsgd omd{wis nsw{is( oici dh sih( hn htfn( dh qhnfdwn Pdfts } sd stqifd iw{isqhnfdwns } oifswdhnomifds gd dsw{dhhns Qn{n nhonf|n{ dswis {dsthwngis gdkmd{iffdodsmwn{ tfn oifwmftn iksd{pnomf( tf {dbmsw{i cmftomisi gd sts ohothis } hn

w{nfscmsmf gd his gnwis gd tfn bdfd{nomf n hn smbtmdfwd


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Oicnhonhoi df Wnknsoi( qm{ncmgd cn}n oifsw{tmgn gd hng{mhhi oiomgi

@td ns oici qtgmd{if q{domsn{ hn gt{nomf gd hn {dpihtomf htfn{ %;= gns }cdgmi( cns tfn `{noomf gd gn-: hn gdh sih %?04 gns( cns tf qioi cdfis gd tfotn{wi gd gn-: hn gd Pdfts 457 gns( cdfis tfn qd~tdn `{noomf _d enonhothngi ~td( oif st oi{{doomf onhdfgn{n( st dswmcnomf gdh omohi sihn{ d{n

cs dunown ~td hn ftdsw{n( sdbf dh onhdfgn{mi b{dbi{mnfi( df >)>1111 gd gnDs gdom{( df tf gn ongn >1111 nis

Q{domsn{if his dohmqsds sihn{ds( dswnkhdomdfgi df dh Ogmod gd G{dsgd tfn wnkhngd q{dgmoomf gd dohmqsds ~td oifwmdfd 0= `doens stsodqwmkhds gd oimfomgm{ oifdohmqsds sihn{ds } otk{df tf hnqsi gd ?? nis _d mfwd{dsn{if qi{ ftcd{isnsdsw{dhhns( dfw{d dhhns hn Qihn{( ot}n mfncipmkhd qismomf df dh omdhi nq{domn{ifqn{n sd{ twmhm|ngi oici ei}( dh btn gd his pmnld{is } oicd{omnfwds

Pdfts d{n dh ikldwi nsw{ifcmoi gd cn}i{ b{nf mfwd{s _d qmdfsn ~td his Cn}ns

hd gnknf wnfwn i cs mcqi{wnfomn ~td nh _ih Hi iksd{pnknf otmgngisncdfwd%wicn 457 gns qn{n ~td Pdfts } hn Wmd{{n sd nhmfddf df st qismomf q{dpmn oif{dsqdowi nh _ih- Wicn nq{iumcngncdfwd ;=;; gns qn{n ~td hn Wmd{{n( Pdfts( dh_ih( } hns dsw{dhhns sd nhmfddf iw{n pd|

Gt{nfwd dswd qd{igi fi sd qtdgd pd{ n Pdfts gdsgd hn Wmd{{n Dswd nsw{igdsnqn{dod qi{ qd{igis oi{wis ~td enodf tf q{icdgmi gd 5 gns Otnfgistodgd hn q{mcd{n dhdpnomf gd oifltfomf mf`d{mi{( dswi ds otnfgi dswnknq{mcd{i fiwi{mi df dh omdhi gd hn cnnfn( sd hhncn stkmgn gdh edhmioimgnh qi{~tdstkd +oif dh sih+( dswn d{n hn qismomf cs mcqi{wnfwd gd Pdfts Gdsqts gd hn

stkmgn gd Pdfts ntcdfwn b{nfgdcdfwd st k{mhhnfwd| dfwifods hhdbn n stcumcn dhifbnomf nh idswd( } onckmn {qmgncdfwd %df cipmcmdfwi {dw{b{ngi-
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hdlis gdh _ih Gdsqts gd ~td ~tdgn{ pmsmkhd qi{ nq{iumcngncdfwd ;01 gns dfdh omdhi gd hn cnnfn enswn ~td nhonf|n st oifltfomf stqd{mi{ N dswns nhwt{nsPdfts dsw df dh hngi iqtdswi gdh _ih otnfgi hi pdcis gdsgd hn Wmd{{n

Dh On{noih Oemoedf Mw|n

Hhdbn n sd{ tf nsw{i +isot{i+( enswn ~td sd |nckthhd mfpd{si gdknli gdhei{m|ifwd( %gd ne dh smckihmsci gdh +Gmis ~td sd |nckthhd+- shi nqn{dod{ df dhhngi iqtdswi gdh sih w{ns gd tfis 41 gns df q{icdgmi Dfwifods stkd oici dhnsw{i gd hn wn{gd } ~tdgn df dh omdhi fiowt{fi nq{iumcngncdfwd ;01 gns enswn~td pn qi{ st cumcn dhifbnomf i{mdfwnh } wicn st cn}i{ k{mhhnfwd| nfwds gdhhdbn{ n hn Oifltfomf Mf`d{mi{ gd ftdpi

His cn}ns emomd{if iksd{pnomifds gdh gn gd Pdfts Pdfts wdfn tf d`dowiqsmoihbmoi df dhhis } iw{ns othwt{ns Cdsincd{monfns( sd en cisw{ngi ~td hiscn}ns o{ificdw{n{if nhbtfns gd sts btd{{ns knsfgisd df his qtfwis

dswnomifn{mis gd Pdfts } Lqmwd{

Dh qdfsncmdfwi Cn}n dpmgdfwdcdfwd sd df`ionkn wnckmf df dh _ih } hiiksd{pn{if( {nsw{dnfgi dh oncmfi n hi hn{bi gd hn dohqwmon Dhhis hi sdbtnfgt{nfwd dh ni( qn{wmgn{mis q{dstcmkhdcdfwd gd st oncmfi n hi hn{bi gdhei{m|ifwd oici wnh

Df OemoedfMw|n gt{nfwd dh ionsi gdh sih hn sd{qmdfwd gd ht| stkd n{{mkn qi{ dh

hngi gd hn dsonhd{n gd hn qm{cmgd hhncngi +Dh Onswmhhi+ df dh q{mcd{ gn gdq{mcnpd{n } d~tmfioomi gdh iwii _d dfwmdfgd ~td his cn}ns fi sihi

iksd{pnknf hns qismomifds duw{dcns gdh _ih df his _ihswmomis( smfi wnckmf his


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d~tmfioomis Ngdcs gdh Qnsi \dfmwnh cdfomifngi nfwds( iksd{pnomifds gddohmqsds } cs

Wdcqhi gd his Btd{{d{is } Qm{cmgd gdh Onswmhhi

His Cn}ns wdfnf tf oicqifdfwd htfn{ df sts mfso{mqomifds onhdfgn{ns Df dhN{wd Cn}n dswn {dq{dsdfwngn hn Dohqwmon oici tfn _d{qmdfwd gd Gis Onkd|nsHn dohqwmon ds dh oncmfi gdh sih df dh omdhi( ~td dswn cn{ongi qi{ hnsoifswdhnomifds gd dsw{dhhns `mlns N~t hn htfn } his qhnfdwns sd qtdgdf enhhn{

qi{~td sd hmcmwnf( oici hn Wmd{{n nh i{kd gdh sihN dswi sd hd hhncn wnckmf dh |ignoi } sif hns oifswdhnomifds pmsmkhds df hndohqwmon Hn Pn Howdn sd pdfd{ ctoei Dhhis hn hhncn{if dh {kih gdh Ctfgi(~td sd {dq{dsdfw qi{ tf nhwi } cnldswtisi {kih `hi{domdfwd gd hn Odmkn

Hn Pn Howdn d{n wnckmf hhnc dh Rnjne Oenf Rnj smbfm`mon +_dms+(+Nsodfgd{+ i +Gd{doei+: Oenf i J"nf smbfm`mon +Otnw{i+( +_d{qmdfwd+ i +Omdhi+Ns qig{ncis mfwd{q{dwn{hi oici +Hn [dbhn gdh Omdhi+ i +Hn _d{qmdfwdNsodfgdfwd+

Dh {kih gdh Ctfgi dswnkn d{dowi otnfgi _nbmwn{mi d{n kmdf dfomcn gdhei{m|ifwd Df dswd cicdfwi hn Pn Howdn stkm n{{mkn gdh ei{m|ifwd } stkmsik{d hn onkd|n df dh Fi{wd Hns dsw{dhhns } fdkthisns hd gnf `i{cn nh ilietcnfi gd tf +{kih gd hn pmgn+< hn Pn Howdn gd gifgd wign pmgn q{ipmdfd_nbmwn{mi ds hn oifswdhnomf cs od{onfi( nh odfw{i gd ftdsw{n bnhnumn( gdsgd hnqd{sqdowmpn gd hn Wmd{{n

Dh `dfcdfi df dh ~td hn oifswdhnomf gd _nbmwn{mi ds cs {dsqhnfgdomdfwdgt{nfwd hns q{mcd{ns ei{ns gdh nwn{gdod{ ds gt{nfwd dh ;4 gd Lthmi( gn ~td his

Dt{iqdis oifiodf oici hn @mdswn gdh Oncmfi gd _nfwmnbi( qtds ds otnfgi hn


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Pn Howdn %dh Oncmfi gd _nfwmnbi- ds cs fiwi{mi gd i{mdfwd n ioomgdfwd w{nsgdh nwn{gdod{ df @{nfomn( Dsqnn } Qi{wtbnh

Tf dhdcdfwi cn}i{ gdh {kih gdh Ctfgi mfoht}d nh Cifsw{ti Jnrnj %hnWi{cdfwn ~td n{{nsn wigi- {dq{dsdfwngi qi{ tfn onkd|n gdh bmbnfwd oif tf jmfdf st `{dfwd

HN_ QM[NCMGD_ OEMFN_&

Hns nfwmbtns ompmhm|nomifds oemfns wnckmf oifsw{t}d{if qm{cmgds qn{n eif{n{ nsts cifn{ons `nhhdomgis( oici df Dbmqwi( } hns ~td sd oifsd{pnf df hn nowtnhmgng(df hn fi{wdn {dbmf gd Fmfbumn( sd pdf ncdfn|ngns qi{ hn gdsd{wm|nomf } hnd{ismf gdh pmdfwi( ~td }n en nb{mdwngi nhbtfns

%@iwi wicngi gd @i{is Biibhd Dn{we-

_dms b{nfgds qm{cmgds( gd tfis >4 cdw{is gd nhwt{n( {igdngns qi{ gdodfns csqd~tdns( dcd{bdf df his sdois q{ncis gd hns n`td{ns gd ]mfoetnf( hn onqmwnh{dbmifnh( gifgd enod cmh nis sd dfoifw{nkn dh qioi oifiomgi {dmfi Umn gdh Idswd} gifgd ei} oifpmpdf ctsthcnfds gd hn dwfmn Etm } oemfis gd hn cn}i{n Enf

Hns qm{cmgds `td{if gdsotkmd{wns n `mfnhds gd his nis 21( gt{nfwd hns ik{ns gdoifsw{toomf gd tf nd{iqtd{wi( } oici {dotd{gi gd dhhi( sif sik{dpihngns onsmoifwmftncdfwd qi{ npmifds cmhmwn{ds oemfis ~td gdsqdbnf } enodf cnfmik{nsn{dns gdsgd tfn knsd od{onfn

Pmsmwngns qi{ cmhds gd wt{mswns( hns qm{cmgds gd n{omhhn fi sif gdcnsmngidsqdownothn{ds } hn hdlnfn dfw{d tfns } iw{ns enod gm`omh ngcm{n{hns( qd{i `i{cnf


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qn{wd gd hn emswi{mn oemfn } qd{cmwdf n his enkmwnfwds gdh qns n`m{cn{ oif i{bthhi~td wnckmf dhhis( oici his n|wdons( cn}ns i dbmqomis( d{mbmd{if ciftcdfwisqm{ncmgnhds

%@iwi wicngi gd @i{is Biibhd Dn{we-

Dh stkgm{dowi{ gdh i{bnfmsci ~td sd dfon{bn gd hn oifsd{pnomf gd dswisciftcdfwis( Gnm Rdf|edf( hnf| df ;110 tf b{mwi gd nhn{cn( nsdbt{nfgi ~td hncn}i{ gd hns qm{cmgds gd his {d}ds( gd tfis >4 gd cdw{is gd nhwt{n( wdfn tfnb{mdwn gd tf cdw{i gd hifbmwtg } gis gd q{i`tfgmgng

Dhhi ncdfn|nkn oif st gd{{tckd( qi{ fi enkhn{ gd hns wtckns cs qd~tdns(gdswmfngns n oifsi{wds } fikhds( ~td ftfon enf smgi {dswnt{ngns } q{dsdfwnf tfqsmci dswngi( gdkmgi sik{d wigi n hn d{ismf ~td ontsnf hn hhtpmn } dh pmdfwiq{iodgdfwd gdh gdsmd{wi

His ciftcdfwis gdh {dmfi Umn sd dfotdfw{nf df tfn |ifn sdcmgds{wmon( od{on gdhis b{nfgds gdsmd{wis cifbihds( } ntf~td dh od{onfi {i Ncn{mhhi } hns cifwnnsEdhnf dld{odf gd kn{{d{n fnwt{nh( dhhi fi mcqmgd ~td ongn ni nhbtfn wi{cdfwn gdn{dfn hhdbtd nh htbn{

Hns Qm{cmgd gd Um"Nf ds tfn gd hns hhncngns qm{cmgds oemfns& Hns qm{cmgds oemfns sif{dnhcdfwd nfwmbtis cifwothis( hn cn}i{n gd his otnhds( sm fi wigis( `td{if gdgmongis ntsis `tfd{n{mis& Ctoens gd dswns qm{cmgds dswf smwtngns df tf {ngmi gd >11 Jcnh{dgdgi{ gd Um"nf( df hns hhnft{ns gd ^mf Oetnf df hn q{ipmfomn gd _ennfum( gd hn Oemfn


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odfw{nh& Ntf~td {dnhcdfwd }n enod tf smbhi ~td his omdfw`mois ioomgdfwnhds dswtgmnf dswnsqm{cmgds( st dumswdfomn en smgi ot{misncdfwd ciwmpi gd oifw{ipd{smns sik{d wigi n ontsngd hn qtkhmomgng sdfsnomifnhmswn ioomgdfwnh( } gd his q{ikhdcns ~td df gdwd{cmfngiscicdfwis enf st`{mgi his n{~tdhibis df Oemfn&

?7;1>5 F >15?7>;D?7;?4? F >157;70D?7;>7; F >15?5;2D?7;;?2 F >157>10D

HN HD]DFGN GD HI_ EICK[D_ KHNFOI_ KN[KNGI_&

Df hns qm{cmgds dfoifw{ngns df Oemfn( wnh oici sd dsqd{nkn( hns nfwmbtnshd}dfgns {dsqdowi n dsns qm{cmgds enodf {d`d{dfomn n nfwmbtis snkmis khnfois%ontonsmois#fi{gmois- qisddgi{ds gd npnf|ngis oifiomcmdfwis _mcmhn{ ds hn

{d`d{dfomn oif hns hd}dfgns cn}n( n|wdon d mfon?1 cdw{is gd hifbmwtg( i{mdfwngi gd dswd n idswd& Ei} qtdgdf pd{sd sihncdfwd

qmhn{ds gd qmdg{ns nmshngis( wisoncdfwd dsothqmgis( ~td om{otfgnf dh {domfwi n gmswnfomns

m{{dbthn{ds& Dswis qmhn{ds dswnknf tfmgis tfis oif iw{is qi{ cnwd{mnh gd oifsw{toomf( nh~td sd{pnf gd stswdfwi& His {dswis gd hn ct{nhhn dswf nei{n gd{{tckngis } cd|ohngis oifhn wmd{{n onwmoncdfwd& Ds ct} q{iknkhd ~td `td{n nhbtfn w{mkt i qtdkhi dfdcmbi ~tmdf

qd{qdw{n{n dswn ik{n gd gdsw{toomf: hi cmsci sd gmod( qi{ hi cdfis( gd hn omtgng gdWdiwmetnof df dh odfw{i gd Cumoi& _m d`dowmpncdfwd stodgm nhbi sdcdlnfwd dfWmnetnfnoi( fi qisddcis dh cdfi{ qtfwi gd {d`d{dfomn sik{d hn `doen df ~td qtgi iot{{m{&Oifi|oi wnf shi tfn `doen( ikwdfmgn oif dh cwig

Herbert Ore - La Atlantida y El Nuevo Mundo

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Transcript of Herbert Ore - La Atlantida y El Nuevo Mundo