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Transcript of Imm Ppt Presentation.20080502.Haldun
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The Micro-History of Mexican
Immigration in the United States
Researchers Without Borders
Gu,Yu
Lisa Harrod
Haldun Unal
A Research Study on Mexican Immigration from 1993 to thePresent
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Mexican Hispanics Largest Minority Group
Demographics 2006
64 % of the Hispanicpopulation
9 % of the total U.S.population
U.S. ranks 3 rd Worldwide
Fastest growing minority3.4% population increase2005 -2006
22 states- report Hispanics asthe largest minority
80 to 85% undocumented
Economic Status
64.9% have less than a highschool education
Below Average income - 67% ofnatives
Industries
Construction
Leisure
Business Field 25% live in poverty
Passel, Jeffrey. (2005, March 25) Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of theUndocumented Population. http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/ 44.pdf
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1993
Negative public opinion onimmigration:
Terrorist attacks World TradeCenter
Illegal migrant smugglingactivities Economic slowdown inmajor industries
Cost of illegal immigrants citedby politicians
Illegal border crossing
New York Times / CBS PollImmigration into the US should be
decreased:1993 - 61%
1986 49% (IRCA takes effect)
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/09/rion/09venture.ht
ml
http://www.cinematical.com/2006/04/17/tribeca-
review-golden-venture/
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Increasing Border Enforcement
Operation GatekeeperCalifornia 1994
Operation SafeguardArizona 1999
NAFTA 1994
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/0 70617/25border.htm
Operation Hold The LineTexas 1993
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IIRIRA
IllegalImmigration Reform and
Immigration Responsibility Act of
1996
Doubled U.S. BorderPatrol by the year 2001
Improvements ofsouthwest borderbarriers
Toughened penalties forimmigrant smuggling
Instituted a new"expedited removal"proceeding
Three voluntary pilot
programs to enableemployers to verify theimmigrant status of jobapplicants
Bar on admissibility toillegal aliens seeking toreenter the U.S.
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February 14, 2001 - Report by
Carnegie Endowment
February 16, 2001 - The
Guanajuato Proposal Towards a
Partnership for Prosperity
April 04, 2001 - Joint Communiqu
by High Level Working Group
September 06, 2001 Joint
Statement between the United
States ofAmerica and the United
Mexican States
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/images/20010905-2-1.html
Mexican Immigration Becoming AShared Responsibilityhaldun
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Negotiations halted
Immigration and securitytied to each other
Immigration issueremained unilateral
Became public law on October 26, 2001Avoid any further visa violations
Increase border security
Provide INS access to FBI database
Removal of aliens associated with terrorist
activities
Border Security and Immigration Tied to Each Other
9/11 US PATRIOT ACTSMART BORDER
AGREEMENT
Signed in March, 2002in Monterrey, Mexico
U.S. Mexico BorderPartnership Action Plan:
Secure Infrastructure
Secure Flow of People
Secure Flow of Goods
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Homeland Security Act of 2002
Separates INS
Agencies Under the Dept. ofHomeland Security
U.S. Customs and BorderProtection
U.S. Immigration andCustoms Enforcement
U.S. Citizenship and
Immigration Services
http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/history/editorial_0133.shtm http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/stra
tegicplan/
http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/gallery/photo_gallery.shtm
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Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
RealIDAct of 2005
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism
Prevention Act
Real ID Act
http://www.dhs.gov/xprevprot/laws/gc_11 72765386179.shtm
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Secure Fence Act of 2006
Comprehensive immigrationreform begins with a secureborder. . .
Authorized Hundreds of miles of fencing
Camera use
Satellites
Unmanned aerial vehicles
http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1161895282064.shtm
President George Bush
http://images.google.com/images?q=secure+fence+act&ndsp=20&um=1&hl=en&start=40&sa=N
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Anti-immigration States
Proposition 187California 1994
Proposition 200 Arizona 1994
Texas Legislative Proposals
Pro-Immigration State
Georgia SR 1426 Nebraska
http://www.ncsl.org/programs/immig/ 6ImmigEnactedLegis3.htm
2006
570 pieces of legislationconcerning immigration were
introduced in state legislatures
84 bills were enacted in 32 states
State Views on Immigration
http://www.nyc-architecture.com/LM/LM002-
STATUEOFLIBERTY.htm
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.
ConclusionMexican Immigration 2007
Amnesty and legalization has led to dispersionand diffusion away from gateway states
End of circulatory Mexican migrants
Unilateral characteristics of immigrationcontrol since 9/11
Immigration is still the subject of politicaldebate
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