Investigación y ciencia 341 - Febrero 2005

7/21/2019 Investigacin y ciencia 341 - Febrero 2005

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5/99

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\B VL^VJPM NL LDLCJB^L" Oj`l {m`jp plijbjp$ iglb)~vjp |b ~vlb nl `gv`m pjdj nl P{majbl /Ujpogbe~mb'$dj iz|gbj$ nl vl{lb~l$ pl {jv" Lb`mb~vjvmb ld nl{)pg~m nl je|j `mi{dl~jilb~l sj`m1 pgb lifjvem$ {m`mjb~lp pl ojfj ddlbjnm lb dj ~mij nl je|j nl dj lp)~j`gb" Bm pl ojdd lx{dg`j`gb jde|bj j ~jb nlp`mb)`lv~jb~l pg~|j`gb ojp~j z|l bm pl sgm je|j ijbjbnmnld sjeb nld ldlcjb~l `mb~ge|m jd ~bnlv" [jvl`l z|l

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6/99

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ij`gb z|l pl {|lnlb e|jvnjv lb |bj`j{j nl |b ngp`m" @mb `|j~vm `j{jp${mnvb jdij`lbjv |bjp {m`jp omvjp nl`gbl w ~ldlsgpgb nl jd~j nlcgbg`gb$ j|b)z|l dj slvnjn lp z|l p| `j{j`gnjn pdmplv dj h|p~j {jvj lpl lp~bnjv nl snlm1bm dlp z|lnjv ijvelb {jvj {mp~lvgmvlpjsjb`lp" Ld lz|g{m nl [l~lv ^va$ nld@mdlegm Gi{lvgjd nl Dmbnvlp$ `mb dj {jv)~g`g{j`gb nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nl ^lpjdbg`j$oj lb`mb~vjnm |bj cmvij nl ji{dgjv i|)òm ip djp {mpgfgdgnjnlp nl dmp ngp`mp"Jomvj$ djp vgp~vjp nl `lvmp w |bmp nl djgbcmvij`gb ngeg~jdgjnj pl gbp`vgflb lb dj

p|{lvcg`gl nld ngp`m ijv`jbnm {mmp lblddj" Dj b|lsj gnlj `mbpgp~l lb gbp`vgfgvip nl |b fg~ {mv {mm" [jvj lddm$ pl dlpnj |bj cmvij jpgi~vg`j" Dj gbcmvij`gb

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7/99

GBSLP^GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;< ld `mi{|lp~mvlp{mbpjfdl nl `jpg ~mnj dj j`~gsgnjn cjvij`mdeg`j nldj ijvgo|jbj8 ld nld~j)7)~l~vjognvm`jbbjfgbmd$ m Ô@"Ld {jpm pge|glb~l ojfj nl `mbpgp~gv lb gnlb~gcg`jv ldvl`l{~mv$ m vl`l{~mvlp$ j dmp z|l ld Ô@ pl |bj"

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Jde|bmp vl`l{~mvlp `|lb~jb `mb {mvmp m `jbjdlp ddlbmpnl je|j z|l {lvig~lb dj lb~vjnj m pjdgnj nl gmblp1m{lvjb imngcg`jbnm dj ngclvlb`gj nl {m~lb`gjd ld`)~vg`m lb~vl ld gb~lvgmv w ld lx~lvgmv nl dj `d|dj" Lxgp~lm~vj b|ilvmpj cjigdgj nl vl`l{~mvlp /pgb `jbjdlp' z|lpl j`m{djb j |bjp {vm~lbjp lp{l`gjdgjnjp$ djp {vm~l)bjp E1 p| j`~gsj`gb {mbl lb ijvòj sjvgjp `jp`jnjpnl pljdgj`gb fgmz|ig`j lb ld plbm nl dj `d|dj z|l{vmn|`lb$ j ilb|nm$ `jifgmp lb dmp `jbjdlp nl gmblp"

Lb :7??$ Jddwb @" Omudl~~ w p|p `mi{jlvmp nl dj\bgslvpgnjn nl Pjb D|gp jjnglvmb |b ijv`jnmv vj)ngj`~gsm j |b nlvgsjnm z|ig`m nld Ô@" Mfplvsjvmbj nbnl gfj j {jvjv lp~j p|p~jb`gj lb ld `lvlfvm nl dj

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18/99

pgb gbcmvij~gjnj j nmp nl dmp `|j)nvmp nl Sjb Lwà z|l Omàblw wp| `mdjfmvjnmv @ojvdlp Cjd`m$ cpg`mnl dj \bgslvpgnjn nl Jvgmbj$ {vl)plb~jb `mim {v|lfj" Ple|gnjilb~lpl lx{mblb dmp vlp|d~jnmp nl b|lp)~vm jbdgpgp$ vl{vlplb~j~gsmp nl |bji{dgm `mbh|b~m nl mfhl`gmblp vj)mbjnjp"

[vmwl``gb lb lp{lhmpOmàblw jcgvij z|l wj lb :>60>'$ |bj nl djp {vgilvjp mfvjpijlp~vjp nld Vlbj`giglb~m nld bmv~lnl L|vm{j$ lp |bj {glj lplb`gjd nldj ~lmvj nl Omàblw" I|òm ojfvjz|l nl`gv pmfvl ld pgebgcg`jnm w pgi)fmdgpim nl lp~j lx~vjmvngbjvgj {gb)~|vj$ {lvm pmdjilb~l bmp m`|{jvl)imp nl |bj vln|`gnj mbj /ilbmp

nl |b nlìl~vm `|jnvjnm' z|l `jl{mv p| `lb~vm" Dmp ogp~mvgjnmvlp nldjv~l nlfj~gvb pmfvl ld plb~gnm z|lp|fwj`l fjhm dj `j{~j`gb nld i|bnmvljd lb ld lp{lhm `mbslxm nl dj {j)vln ~vjplvj$ {lvm jz| bmp gb~lvlpjbp|p {vm{glnjnlp {~g`jp8 dj ngp~jb)`gj cm`jd w p| `j{j`gnjn nl `mb)`lb~vjv dj d|" Iglb~vjp dmp lx{lv)~mp jbjdgjb dj lp{dbngnj di{jvj`mdejnj `mim pgebm nl dj vgz|lj lgi{mv~jb`gj pm`gjd nld ilv`jnlvJvbmdcgbg$ |b g~jdgjbm lp~jfdl`gnm

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Ip jb$ dj cjfvg`j`gb j {jv~gvnl |bj lpclvj nl sgnvgm pm{djnm nl|b lp{lhm z|l p o|fglvj {mngnm |~g)dgjvpl pmfvl{jpjfj djp {mpgfgdgnj)nlp nl dj ~`bg`j lb ld Vlbj`giglb~m"Ld ngil~vm nl |bj lpclvj lp ld `|)nv|{dm nl dj ngp~jb`gj cm`jd nl |blp{lhm `b`jsm `mv~jnm nl dj igpij"\b lp{lhm nl {vmwl``gb nl 3: lb~)il~vmp nl ngp~jb`gj cm`jd lxgegvj|bj evjb lpclvj nl 6$> il~vmp nlngil~vm" Jnlip$ |b lp{lhm z|lc|lpl |bj pl``gb nl |bj lpclvj {lv)

cl`~j {vmn|`gvj |bj gijelb fmvvmpjnl `jnj {|b~m nl dj ojfg~j`gb nlJvbmdcgbg1 dj gijelb nl |b {|b~mlb ld dglbm z|lnjvj nlpngf|hjnj$`mim |b fmvvb z|l$ pleb b|lp)~vmp `d`|dmp$ plvj sjvgjp sl`lp ij)wmv z|l dmp nl~jddlp ip cgbmp nl dj{gb~|vj" @|jdz|glvj nl djp nlpsgj)`gmblp gblsg~jfdlp lb dj cjfvg`j`gbli{lmvjvj jb ip dj `jdgnjn nldj gijelb"

Dmp jv~lpjbmp nld Vlbj`giglb~m${mv m~vj {jv~l$ pl ojfvjb lb`mb~vjnm`mb ngcg`|d~jnlp ~`bg`jp `mbpgnl)vjfdlp {jvj jmejv w plddjv |b lp){lhm `b`jsm$ m{lvj`gb z|l vlz|lvjj{dg`jv jdz|g~vb w {l `jdglb~lp jdsgnvgm {mv ld nmvpm `mbslxm" Z|lpl{jimp$ bgbe|bj `mdl``gb `mb)plvsj |b lp{lhm `b`jsm z|l pl `mbp)~v|wlpl j {jv~gv nl |bj lpclvj nlsgnvgm$ bg ~ji{m`m ojw `mbp~jb`gj

nm`|ilb~jd nl z|l bjngl ojwj cj)fvg`jnm |bm {mv lpl {vm`lngiglb~m"

Dj gbslvmpigd ngp~jb`gj cm`jd z|lojfvj nl ~lblv ld p|{|lp~m lp{lhm{vmwl`~mv gi{dg`j |bj ple|bnj `mb)pl`|lb`gj$ jb ip vlp~vg`~gsj {jvjdj ~lpgp nl Omàblw" \bj sl nlp)`jv~jnmp dmp evjbnlp lp{lhmp lpc)vg`mp nl sgnvgm pm{djnm$ z|lnjvjb`mim bg`j pmd|`gb dmp lp{lhmp{lz|lmp nl il~jd {|dgilb~jnm$ wj`mbm`gnmp lb ld pgedm _S l gb`d|pmjb~lp" Dmp lp{lhmp nl lp~j `djpl$

:? GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;0:$|b fm`l~m nld `jvnlbjd" \~gdg dj~`bg`j nl dj {|b~j nl {dj~j$ lb djz|l pl ngf|hj `mb |b lp~gdm m {|bbil~dg`m pmfvl |b {j{ld {vl{jvjnm1{vmn|`l |bj gijelb i|w b~gnj" Pgbn|nj pl ~vj~jfj nld fm`l~m {vldg)igbjv nl |bj mfvj ip cmvijd" Jdjm pge|glb~l$ lhl`|~ jd dlm pm)fvl ~jfdlvm nl ijnlvj |bj `m{gj nlijwmvlp ngilbpgmblp1 o|fm nl ~vjp)djnjv dj gijelb nl |bj p|{lvcg`gl

{djbj j m~vj p|{lvcg`gl {djbj$ w ji){dgjvdm"

Pleb Cjd`m$ ld `mdjfmvjnmv nlOmàblw$ Sjb Lwà |~gdg |b {vm)wl`~mv {~g`m {jvj `vljv ld `|jnvmjd dlm" Plvj |b l{gngjp`m{gm {vg)ig~gsm$ m {vmwl`~mv m{j`m$ `mb nmp`jfjddl~lp$ |bm nl dmp `|jdlp pg~|jvjld fm`l~m fjhm |bj gd|igbj`gb fvg)ddjb~l /ple|vjilb~l dj d| pmdjv' wld m~vm nlhjvj lb pmifvj ld ~jfdlvmnl ijnlvj$ z|gp lb |b gb~lvgmv mfjhm |b ~mdnm" Ilngjb~l |b lp{lhm

6; GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;0;; w:?;; agdmp$ dm z|l dm pg~j lb~vl dmpijwmvlp ojnvmpj|vgmp nl Jivg`jnld Bmv~l" @mim m~vmp ojnvmpj|vgmp$dmp Lnimb~mpj|v|p lvjb evlejvgmp8sgsjb lb ijbjnjp" Lddm pl nln|`lnl djp evjbnlp j`|i|dj`gmblp nlo|lpmp lb`mb~vjnmp lb ngclvlb~lp wj)`giglb~mp nld bmv~l nl Jdjpaj$ {v|lfjnl z|l i|vglvmb lb ijpj$ jvvjp~vj)nmp z|g {mv |bj vgjnj"

^mnmp dmp ngbmpj|vgmp nlp`|fglv)~mp lb Jdjpaj ojb j{jvl`gnm ~ji)fgb lb m~vmp d|ejvlp nl Jivg`jnld Bmv~l1 bm {mnlimp$ {|lp$ oj)fdjv nl bgbeb ngbmpj|vgm lp{l`)cg`m nl Jdjpaj" Dm z|l p ngp~gbe|lJdjpaj nl m~vjp vlegmblp lp ld b)ilvm nl lp{l`glp ojddjnjp$ `djvj)ilb~l ilbmv" Lp~l nlp`lbpm nl djfgmngslvpgnjn `mb ld j|ilb~m nl djdj~g~|n pge|l ld {j~vb mfplvsjnmlb djp {mfdj`gmblp jbgijdlp j`~|j)dlp1 dm igpim z|l omw$ {|lnl z|lvlp{mbnglvj j dj lp`jpl nl vl`|v)pmp z|l mcvl`lb djp dj~g~|nlp p|{l)vgmvlp"

Jnlip nl Jdjpaj$ dmp ngbmpj|)vgmp ilnvjvmb lb m~vmp jifglb~lplx~vlimp" Lb ld {mdm p|v$ ld ev|{mngvgegnm {mv H|nn @jpl$ nl dj \bg)slvpgnjn nl P~j" Ijvj nl @jdgcmvbgj$oj nlp`|fglv~m cpgdlp nl ngbmpj|)vgmp lb wj`giglb~mp nl jb~gelnjnpgigdjv" Ojb vl`|{lvjnm vlp~mp cvje)ilb~jvgmp nl ~lv{mnmp w ojnvm)pj|vgmp$ lb~vl m~vmp" [j~vg`gj Sgàlvp)Vgò w ômijp Olug~~ Vgò$ nl dj

\bgslvpgnjn nl Imbjpo$ ojb gnlb)~gcg`jnm ngbmpj|vgmp z|l sgsglvmb

`lv`j nld {mdm p|v n|vjb~l |bj {m`ji|òm ip ~li{vjbj Qsjpl Ngbm)pj|vgmp {mdjvlp nl J|p~vjdgj$ {mv[" Sgàlvp)Vgò w ômijp Olug~~Vgò1 GBSLP^GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ pl{)~glifvl nl :770Y"

@im ddlejvmb ojp~j Jdjpaj=Nl nmbnl {vm`lnjb dmp ngbmpj|)vgmp z|l {vmp{lvjvmb lb dj {|b~j pl{)~lb~vgmbjd nld {djbl~j= J f|lb pl)e|vm slbnvjb nl Jpgj$ {mvz|l lblpl `mb~gblb~l pl ojb nlp`|fglv~mjb~l{jpjnmp nl `jpg ~mnjp djp cjig)dgjp nl ngbmpj|vgmp `vl~`g`mp nlBmv~ljivg`j" Lb p| ijwmvj$ dmp{jdlmb~dmemp m{gbjb z|l jde|bmpnl lp~mp ngbmpj|vgmp igevjvmb j~vjsp nl |bj ijpj nl ~glvvj$ lilv)egnj {mv |b nlp`lbpm nld bgsld nldijv nmbnl omw pl ojddj ld lp~vlòmnl Flvgbe"

Dj ngp~vgf|`gb nl djp {dj`jp ~l`~)bg`jp n|vjb~l ld @vl~`g`m p|eglvlz|l p~jp cmvijvmb |b gp~im oj`ljdvlnlnmv nl :;; igddmblp nl jmp"Lb lp~l {lvmnm elmdeg`m$ dj `m)blxgb nl djp ijpjp `mb~gblb~jdlppl {vmn|hm jd ilbmp lb ~vlp m`j)pgmblp" Jde|bmp nl dmp gbigevjb~lpnlfglvmb jplb~jvpl lb lp~jp ~glvvjppl{~lb~vgmbjdlp pgi{dlilb~l {mvz|llb`mb~vjfjb jdd vl`|vpmp p|cg`glb)~lp {jvj `|fvgv p|p bl`lpgnjnlp1m~vmp$ lb `jifgm$ pl ngvgeglvmb jdp|v"Jdjimpj|v|p$ |b ngbmpj|vgm olv)fsmvm nl |bmp 6; il~vmp nl dmbeg)~|n$ pge|g p| {vm{gm jdf|v8 {vm`l)nj nld p|v1 pl ojb lb`mb~vjnm cpgdlpnl p|p jb~l{jpjnmp lb Jivg`j nldP|v w lb Jcvg`j"

Jdjpaj lp~ cmvijnj {mv lbmv)ilp fdmz|lp elmdeg`mp" J|bz|l jd)e|bmp nl lddmp {vm`lnlb nl d|ejvlpi|w jdlhjnmp$ n|vjb~l ld @vl~`g`m|b evjb bilvm nl lp~jp ijpjp~lvvlp~vlp pl lb`mb~vjfjb wj `lv`jnl p| dj~g~|n j`~|jd m gb`d|pm ipjd bmv~l" [mv ~jb~m$ dmp cpgdlp z|l

ojddjimp lb Jdjpaj bm `mvvlp{mb)nlb j ngbmpj|vgmp nl m~vjp dj~g~|nlpz|l$ |bj sl i|lv~mp$ c|lvmb ~vjbp){mv~jnmp ojp~j jz| {mv dmp imsg)iglb~mp ~l`~bg`mp nl djp {dj`jp1 sg)sglvmb lb ~glvvjp v~g`jp n|vjb~l ld@vl~`g`m" [lvm$ {lvijbl`jb jdd~mnm ld jm= W pg lp jp$ ìm pm)fvlsgsjb=

Sgsgv lb |bj cvj mp`|vgnjn[jvj vlp{mbnlv lp~jp `|lp~gmblp bl)`lpg~jimp pjflv ìm lvj ld `dgij

6> GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;" IG@VMMVEJBGPIMP lb |bj i|lp~vj vl`megnj

pmfvl |b cgd~vm nl ;$66 ig`vjp" Gijelb mf~lbgnjilngjb~l ig`vmp`m{j {~g`j w `mdmvjb~l"


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Ld nlp`|fvgiglb~mnl Bl{~|bmPl j{vm{gjvmb dmp fvg~bg`mp nl ivg~mp z|l bm dlp `mvvlp{mbnjb=

Ugddgji Pollojb$ Bg`omdjp Amddlvp~vmi w @vjge F" Ujcc


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Lpj lp~vlddj bm cge|vj lb ld ij{j" Lp~jp{jdjfvjp$ {vmb|b`gjnjp {mv ld lp~|ngjb~lnl jp~vmbmij Olgbvgò Dm|gp nJvvlp~fjhm dj {|dj nld Mfplvsj~mvgm nl Flvdb

ld 60 nl pl{~glifvl nl :?>3$ vlp|lbjb nlpnl lb)~mb`lp lb ~mnjp djp gbp~g~|`gmblp jp~vmbig`jp"

NJvvlp~$ jb~l |b ij{j `ldlp~l nlp{dlejnm$ jw|)njfj jd jp~vbmim ~g~|djv Hmojbb Em~~cvgln Ejddl jslvgcg`jv |bj {vlng``gb lx~vjmvngbjvgj nld ij~li~g`mcvjb`p \vfjgb Hljb Hmpl{o Dl Slvvglv" Lp~l ojfjnlpjvvmddjnm dj og{~lpgp nl z|l \vjbm ld {djbl~jip jdlhjnm nld Pmd$ pleb pl `vlj {mv lb~mb`lppl nlpsgjfj nl p| vfg~j nlfgnm j dj j~vj``gb evj)sg~j~mvgj nl m~vm {djbl~j$ nlp`mbm`gnm ojp~j lplimilb~m" @gb`m njp jb~lp ojfj lp`vg~m j Ejddl8[|lnl `mi{vmfjv$ plmv$ z|l nli|lp~vm """ Qz|lYdjp mfplvsj`gmblp nl \vjbm pdm ~glblb plb~gnm pgpl gb~vmn|`l dj j``gb nl |b b|lsm {djbl~j ojp~jjomvj nlp`mbm`gnm$ w nlfl nlp~j`jvpl z|l lb djl`d{~g`j pdm ojw |bj {mpg`gb z|l {|lnj jpgebv)

pldl j lpl {djbl~j {lv~|vfjnmv"Jb~lp nl z|l o|fglvj {jpjnm ilngj omvj nl mf)

plvsj`gb$ Ejddl ojdd |b {lz|lm ngp`m j|d pg)~|jnm j ilbmp nl |b evjnm nl dj {mpg`gb {vlsgp~j"J dj bmòl pge|glb~l mfplvs z|l ld `|lv{m plojfj imsgnm |b {m`m$ pgebm gblz|sm`m nl z|l bmpl ~vj~jfj nl |bj lp~vlddj" Lbple|gnj lp`vgfg j DlSlvvglv8 Ld {djbl~j `|wj lxgp~lb`gj |p~ln jb~g`g{vljdilb~l lxgp~l*

Dj gbslp~gej`gb ij~li~g`j w dj nl~l``gb ~l)dlp`{g`j nld {djbl~j$ jd z|l Dl Slvvglv ngm ld bmi)fvl nl Bl{~|bm$ lp |bm nl dmp l{gpmngmp ip `dl)fvlp nl dj ogp~mvgj nl dj jp~vmbmij" ^jifgb lpcjimpj dj `mb~vmslvpgj z|l pl elblv `|jbnm$ {m`mnlp{|p nl z|l Ejddl jb|b`gjpl ld nlp`|fvgiglb~m$pl p|{m z|l |b hmslb w {m`m `mbm`gnm ij~li~g`mgbedp$ Hmob @m|ò Jnjip$ ~vjp {djb~ljvpl ld igpim{vmfdlij$ ojfj nln|`gnm {mv p| `|lb~j |bj {mpg)`gb i|w {jvl`gnj jb~lp gb`d|pm z|l Dl Slvvglv"

Dj vl`djij`gb nl Jnjip c|l vl`gfgnj `mb lp)`l{~g`gpim {mv dmp jp~vbmimp cvjb`lplp$ j|bz|l{jvl`j `mb~jv `mb ld jsjd gbj{ldjfdl nl dj nm`|)ilb~j`gb {vlplb~jnj {mv Elmvel Fgnnldd Jgvw$Jp~vbmim Vljd Fvg~bg`m$ lb |bj vl|bgb nl djVljd Pm`glnjn Jp~vmbig`j ld :0 nl bmsglifvl nl:?>3" Jgvw `mbcgvi z|l lb ld m~mm nl :?>< ojfjvl`gfgnm nl Jnjip dj {vlng``gb nl |bj {mpg`gb

w z|l n|vjb~l ld slvjbm pge|glb~l ojfj li{vlb)ngnm |bj fpz|lnj ~ldlp`{g`j nld {djbl~j$ j|bz|lbm pl {|fdg`jvmb dmp vlp|d~jnmp" ^jd nlp`vg{`gb nldmp j`mb~l`giglb~mp `mbpge|g ld j`|lvnm |bbgilnl z|l Jnjip w Dl Slvvglv nlfjb `mi{jv~gv {mvge|jd ld ivg~m nld nlp`|fvgiglb~m"

Djp vldj`gmblp {mp~lvgmvlp nl lp~l l{gpmngm plgbp{gvjvmb lb dj lx{mpg`gb nl Jgvw" @mb lddj z|l)njvmb cghjnmp dmp {j{ldlp nl dmp {vm~jembgp~jp /Dl

Slvvglv$ Jnjip$ Jgvw w Hjilp @ojddgp$ ld jp~v)bmim nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nl @jifvgnel z|l ngvgegld vjp~vlm ~ldlp`{g`m fvg~bg`m'" Jnjip lvj ld o)vml ~ignm w vl~vjnm j z|glb {m`m nlp{|p lxjd)~jvj dj vlsgp~j nl dj Vljd Pm`glnjn Jp~vmbig`j`mim ld ijwmv nl dmp jp~vbmimp ij~li~g`mpfvg~bg`mp"""$ `mb dj lx`l{`gb nl Blu~mb" Nl Jnjipw Dl Slvvglv pl nghm z|l ojfjb pgnm `j{j`lp nl p|){lvjv djp vgsjdgnjnlp gb~lvbj`gmbjdlp$ ojp~j `mbslv)~gvpl lb jigemp nl {mv sgnj" J @ojddgp pl dl ~mi{mv |b bejbm z|l lò j {lvnlv dj f|p`j" W Jgvwz|ln `mim lhli{dm nld f|v`vj~j1 nl d$ Gpjj`Jpgims ddle j lp`vgfgv$ lb :753$ z|l$ cj~|m$ lb)sgngmpm w `mv~m nl igvjp$ ngvgeg ld Mfplvsj~mvgm nlEvllbugò `mim |b ilz|gbm ~gvjbm ~jb mfplpgm)bjnm {mv dmp nl~jddlp$ z|l pl dl lp`j{jfj pgli{vldj sgpgb nl `mbh|b~m""" @mb jde|glb ~jb nlpjevjnj)fdl gb~lb~ Jnjip lb~vjv lb `mb~j`~m"

Nm`|ilb~mp vmfjnmpJ dm djvem nld ~gli{m$ jde|bmp ogp~mvgjnmvlp ojbgnm {mbglbnm lb lb~vlngòm plilhjb~l e|gb mcg`gjd"

\bm nl dmp {vgilvmp$ oj`l wj ilngm pgedm$ c|l ldjp~vbmim fvg~bg`m Ugddgji I" Pijv~$ z|l ojfjolvlnjnm |bj `mdl``gb nl jv~`|dmp `glb~cg`mp nlJnjip" J cgbjdlp nld nl`lbgm nl :7?;$ Jddjb@oj{ijb$ nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nl Mxcmvn$ w Vmflv~U" Pig~o$ lb~mb`lp lb dj \bgslvpgnjn Hmobp Om{agbp$ojddjvmb m~vmp nm`|ilb~mp nl gb~lvp {jvj ld `jpm"W nlpnl dmp jmp plplb~j$ Nlbbgp Vjudgbp$ |b lp)~|ngmpm gbnl{lbnglb~l vjng`jnm lb Fjd~gimvl$ bm oj

:" LD ^VG\BCM NL DJ IL@JBG@J @LDLP^L" Lp~l ij{j `l)dlp~l pgvsg nl e|j j Hmojbb Ejddl w Olgbvgò Dm|gp nJvvlp~{jvj nlp`|fvgv ld {djbl~j Bl{~|bm lb dj bmòl nld 60 nl pl{)~glifvl nl :?>3" Djp jbm~j`gmblp /j~vgf|gnjp j Ejddl' gbng`jbld d|ejv lb z|l pl lb`mb~v ld {djbl~j w dj {mpg`gb {vlsgp~j

{mv \vfjgb Hljb Hmpl{o Dl Slvvglv" Ejddl bm pl ojfj lb~l)vjnm nl z|l Hmob @m|ò Jnjip ojfj {vlngòm |bj {mpg`gblb dj igpij vlegb `ldlp~l"

NLJP^VMCGPG@J[M^PNJI/

ij{j'

[vlng``gbnl Jnjip

[mpg`gbvljd

[vlng``gbnl Dl Slvvglv


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nlhjnm nl `|lp~gmbjvdm ~mnm8 pmp~glbl z|l dmp jp~vbm)imp fvg~bg`mp nld pgedm _G_ cjdpgcg`jvmb `mbp`glb~l)ilb~l dj nm`|ilb~j`gb m$ jd ilbmp$ dj vl~m`jvmb"

^mnjp lp~jp n|njp pl ojfvjb ngpg{jnm pg dmp ogp~m)vgjnmvlp o|fglplb ~lbgnm m`jpgb nl `mbp|d~jv dmp nm)`|ilb~mp `g~jnmp {mv Jgvw" Pgb lifjvem$ nlpnl dmp{vgilvmp jmp plplb~j$ `jnj sl z|l dlp pmdg`g~jfjb ng)òj nm`|ilb~j`gb$ dmp fgfdgm~l`jvgmp nld Vljd Mfplv)sj~mvgm nl Evllbugò vlp{mbnjb z|l bm lp~jfj ngp){mbgfdl" P| {jvjnlvm `mbp~g~|j |b igp~lvgm `jpg ~jbddjij~gsm `mim dmp jsj~jvlp nld nlp`|fvgiglb~m nlBl{~|bm" @im lvj {mpgfdl z|l pl o|fglvj {lvngnm djnm`|ilb~j`gb nl |bm nl dmp j`mb~l`giglb~mp ip gi){mv~jb~lp w edmvgmpmp nl dj ogp~mvgj nl dj jp~vmbmij=

Vjudgbp w ld {lvpmbjd nl dj fgfdgm~l`j `mi{jv~jb djpmp{lòj nl z|l dj nm`|ilb~j`gb {mnj lb`mb~vjvpl lb{mplpgb nld jp~vbmim Mdgb H" Leelb$ z|l ojfj m`|){jnm ld `jvem nl jw|njb~l {vgb`g{jd lb ld Vljd Mfplvsj~mvgmj `miglbmp nl dj n`jnj nl :73;" Dj ojfj pmdg`g~jnm{jvj lp`vgfgv ngslvpmp jv~`|dmp fgmevcg`mp pmfvl Jgvww @ojddgp1 lvj dj d~gij {lvpmbj z|l dj ojfj `mbp|d)~jnm" [lvm Leelb$ z|l d|lem pl ~vjpdjn j J|p~vjdgj w

ip ~jvnl j @ogdl$ blejfj lp~jv lb {mplpgb nl lpmp {j){ldlp" Dmp fgfdgm~l`jvgmp$ ~lilvmpmp nl z|l$ pg lcl`~g)sjilb~l mfvjfjb lb p| {mnlv$ dmp nlp~v|wlvj {jvj z|lbm dm gb`|d{jplb$ lsg~jvmb {vlpgmbjvdl lb lx`lpm"

Ld igp~lvgm pl {vmdmbe ojp~j m`~|fvl nl :77?$ ipnl 0; jmp nlp{|p nl z|l pl sglpl {mv d~gij sl djnm`|ilb~j`gb" Leelb ojfj cjddl`gnm ld 6 nl m`~|fvlnl lpl jm w dmp `mdlejp z|l sgpg~jvmb p| nlp{jòm lbld Gbp~g~|~m @ogdlbm nl Jp~vmbmij lb`mb~vjvmb dmp nm)`|ilb~mp {lvngnmp /h|b~m j i|òmp dgfvmp sjdgmpmp{vm`lnlb~lp nl dj fgfdgm~l`j nld Vljd Mfplvsj~mvgm'"Lifjdjvmb lpl ij~lvgjd /ip nl :;; agdmevjimp' lbnmp evjbnlp `jhjp w dm nlsmdsglvmb j dj fgfdgm~l`j nldj \bgslvpgnjn nl @jifvgnel$ lb dj z|l pl lb`|lb~vjbdmp jvògsmp nld Mfplvsj~mvgm /ld {lvpmbjd nl dj fg)fdgm~l`j ogm nl gbilngj~m `m{gjp nl ple|vgnjn'" Lp~l

olòm jcmv~|bjnm$ h|b~m jd nlp`|fvgiglb~m lb ngslvpmpjvògsmp nl m~vmp nm`|ilb~mp {lv~gblb~lp$ bmp oj {lv)ig~gnm vl`mbpgnlvjv ld nlp`|fvgiglb~m nl Bl{~|bmfjhm |bj b|lsj {lvp{l`~gsj"

C|lvj nl vfg~jJ pgi{dl sgp~j {|lnlb slvpl `gb`m {djbl~jp /Ilv`|vgm$Slb|p$ Ijv~l$ H{g~lv w Pj~|vbm'1 pl dmp `mbm`l nlpnl~gli{mp gbilimvgjdlp" Ld {vgilv {djbl~j nlp`|fglv~m`mb dj jw|nj nl |b ~ldlp`m{gm c|l \vjbm" Lb dj bmòlnld :0 nl ijvm nl :5?:$ |b mvejbgp~j w jcg`gmbjnm jdj jp~vmbmij$ Ugddgji Olvpòld$ jdlib bj`gmbjdgjnmgbedp$ fjvvj ld `gldm bm`~|vbm `mb p| ~ldlp`m{gm$ |bvlcdl`~mv nl cjfvg`j`gb `jplvj nl :< ì nl jflv~|vj"Lbple|gnj jnsgv~g z|l ld {lz|lm ngp`m nl `mdmv slvnljijvgddlb~m z|l j{jvl`j lb dj `mbp~ldj`gb nl Eigbgplvj |b gb~v|pm$ ~jd sl |b `mil~j" Pgb lifjvem$ djp mf)plvsj`gmblp w dmp {mp~lvgmvlp `d`|dmp nl m~vmp lp~j)fdl`glvmb z|l bm pl ~vj~jfj nl |b `mil~j$ wj z|l p|

vfg~j bm lvj i|w ld{~g`j" Pl ~vj~jfj nl |b {djbl~j `mb~mnmp dmp vlz|gpg~mp8 |b `|lv{m z|l nlp`vgfj |bj v)fg~j lp~jfdl$ `jpg `gv`|djv$ jdvlnlnmv nld Pmd$ nld z|lngp~jfj ip m ilbmp ld nmfdl z|l Pj~|vbm"

Z|l b|lp~vm pgp~lij pmdjv jdflvejpl |b b|lsm l gb)pmp{lòjnm i|bnm `j|~gs j dmp jp~vbmimp" Lxjigbjvmbdmp `j~dmemp nl lp~vlddjp nlvgsjnmp nl mfplvsj`gmblpjb~lvgmvlp w pl nglvmb `|lb~j nl z|l ld {djbl~j vl`gbnlp`|fglv~m$ ddjijnm \vjbm {mv ld jp~vbmim jdlibHmojbb Ldlv~ Fmnl$ ojfj pgnm sgp~m slgb~l sl`lp jb)~lp nl :5?:$ gb`d|pm |bj lb :37;$ {lvm pgli{vl dm `mb)c|bnglvmb `mb |bj lp~vlddj" Lb :?6:$ ld jp~vbmimcvjb`p Jdlxgp Fm|sjvn vl|bg ~mnjp djp mfplvsj`gmblp

>; GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;5 j{jvl`lvj |b {djbl~j ip jddnl \vjbm j |bj dmbeg~|n ilngj ~jd w `mim pl dmslvj nlpnl |b {|b~m og{m~~g`m pg~|jnm {mv lb`gij nld

pgp~lij pmdjv nl 06< evjnmp /sjpl dj cge|vj 6'" Djgbcmvij`gb ddle j Gbedj~lvvj lb dmp d~gimp njp nlh|bgm" Jgvw vl`mvn z|l j cgbjdlp nld m~mm jb~lvgmvojfj dlnm jdem i|w {jvl`gnm lb |bj omhj gbcmvijd$ijb|p`vg~j" Dj ojfj nl{mpg~jnm lb ld f|b nl p|`jpj |b `dj|p~vjd nld P~" Hmobp @mddlel nl dj \bgslvpg)njn nl @jifvgnel"

L~vlmLd j{lddgnm nld vlig~lb~l lvj Jnjip" P| sgnj e|jvnjfj`glv~m {jvjdldgpim `mb dj nl Blu~mb" Jifmp ojfjb`vl`gnm lb dj Gbedj~lvvj v|vjd8 Blu~mb lvj oghm nl |bimnlp~m jevg`|d~mv nl Djb`jpogvl$ pgb cmvij`gb1 Jnjip$

nl |b j{jv`lvm nl @mvb|jddlp" Jifmp pgb~glvmb i|w{vmb~m gb~lvp {mv dj vle|djvgnjn nl dmp clbilbmp bj)~|vjdlp w djp ij~li~g`jp" Jifmp `djsjfjb ~lp~gemp woj`jb i|lp`jp lb ld jdcgjv nl |bj slb~jbj m lb dj{jvln {jvj ple|gv ld imsgiglb~m jb|jd nld Pmd" Pl {j)vl`jb ~jifgb {mv p| `jv`~lv8 plvgmp$ il~g`|dmpmp$ddlbmp nl lp`v{|dmp vldgegmpmp" Jb~l dmp nlip plimp~vjfjb lbpgigpijnmp$ lx`b~vg`mp$ j|plb~lp" J dmpnmp omw pl dlp ojfvj j~vgf|gnm ld pbnvmil nl Jp{lvelv$|bj sjvgjb~l nld j|~gpim `mi{j~gfdl `mb |bj gb~ldg)elb`gj {mnlvmpj"

Jnjip bj`g ld < nl h|bgm nl :?:7" J dmp ngl jmplvj ~jb fvgddjb~l lb ij~li~g`jp$ z|l |b jigem nl djcjigdgj dl `mbpgnlv |b {vmngegm1 dl nghm jd {jnvl8Pg c|lpl oghm im$ slbnlvj ojp~j dj `jigpj {jvj z|lc|lpl j dj |bgslvpgnjn" Dlj ~mnm dm z|l `jj lb p|pijbmp w slvpjvj pmfvl jp~vmbmij w ij~li~g`jp" Pglbnm~mnjsj |b jnmdlp`lb~l$ ojfj `jd`|djnm dmp imilb~mplb z|l {mnvjb slvpl lb @mvb|jddlp djp cjplp nl |b

l`dg{pl pmdjv$ ~jvlj bjnj plb`gddj lb jz|lddmp ~gli{mplb z|l bm pl ngp{mbj nl `jd`|djnmvjp bg mvnlbjnmvlp"@|lb~j dj dlwlbnj z|l mfplvsjfj ld `gldm vl`dgbjnm pm)fvl |bj jb~ge|j `v| `ld~j {vxgij jd nmig`gdgm cjig)dgjv$ pg fglb p| {m`j je|nlj sgp|jd dl gi{gng nlng)`jvpl j dj mfplvsj`gb jp~vmbig`j" \bj `gv`|bp~jb`gjcmv~|g~j$ ld nlp`|fvgiglb~m nl ijbejblpm$ nl evjb sj)dmv {jvj dj gbn|p~vgj nld j`lvm$ lb djp ~glvvjp `|d~gsj)njp {mv p| cjigdgj dl ddls nl dj {mfvlj j dj |bgslv)pgnjn nl @jifvgnel"

Nlpnl p| gbevlpm$ lb :?07$ z|lnjvmb ijbgcglp~jpp|p bm~jfdlp nm~lp" Lbple|gnj il nlplp{lv$ lp)`vgfj p| `mi{jlvm J" P" @ji{fldd$ {mvz|l ojfj

GBSLP^GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;< >:

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gnm j @jifvgnel jdgilb~jbnm evjbnlp lp{lvjbjp w ld{vgilvm `mb ld z|l il ~m{ lvj gbcgbg~jilb~l ip `j){j z|l wm" Jnjip ejb ~mnmp dmp {vligmp nl ij)~li~g`jp z|l mcvl`j dj |bgslvpgnjn" W$ pgb lifjvem${jvl`j gb`mv{vlm$ l~vlm" M~vm jd|ibm dm vl`mvnjfj`mim |b p|hl~m òj{jvvm$ nl {jpm dgelvm w lifmjnmlb |b jfvgem vjnm nl `mdmv slvnl" P| {j~vmbj nghm nld z|l j sl`lp dm lb`mb~vjfj ~lbngnm lb ld pmc$ pgbdgfvmp bg {j{ldlp1 {lvm bm lvj vjvm z|l""" `|jbnm z|lvj

ojfdjv `mb d$ dj bg`j cmvij nl j~vjlv p| j~lb`gb`mbpgp~glvj lb j`lv`jvpl w ~m`jvdl lb ld omifvm1 ddj)ijvdl {mv p| bmifvl bm plvsj nl bjnj"

Lb h|dgm nl :?>:$ oj`gj dj ig~jn nl p|p lp~|ngmp |bg)slvpg~jvgmp$ Jnjip lb`mb~v lb |bj dgfvlvj nl @jifvgnel|b Gbcmvil pmfvl ld {vmevlpm nl dj jp~vmbmij$ lp)`vg~m {mv Jgvw lb :?06$ nmbnl pl ilb`gmbjfj dj `vl)`glb~l nlpsgj`gb nl \vjbm `mb vlp{l`~m j dj ~vjwl`)~mvgj {vlsgp~j" Jnjip lp`vgfg lb p| ngjvgm8

>6 GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;< gbcmvi j @ojddgpnl jde|bmp vlp|d~jnmp mf~lbgnmp n|vjb~l ld slvjbm" [lvm$ìm dm ogm= I|òmp ogp~mvgjnmvlp ojb `mbpgnlvjnmz|l |bj bm~j nl |bj pmdj {egbj lb`mb~vjnj lb dmp jv)ògsmp nl Jnjip jbhj dj `|lp~gb" Lb lddj pl ojfdjnld B|lsm [djbl~j w `mb~glbl |bj jbm~j`gb lp`vg~j{mv @ojddgp8 Vl`gfgnm lb pl{~glifvl nl :?>< lvj nl 060 evjnmp 0> igb|~mp" Ld nj~mvljd {jvj jz|ld nj ngclvj nl pl lb |bmp nmp evjnmp$ip m ilbmp dj {vl`gpgb nl dj {mp~lvgmv {vlng``gbnl Dl Slvvglv"

Lb dj bm~j j{jvl`jb jpgigpim |bjp `md|ibjp `mbnlpsgj`gmblp nld mvnlb nl dmp ple|bnmp nl jv`m" @mblddjp$ Jnjip {vl~lbnj nlimp~vjv z|l p| ~lmvj lx{dg)`jfj ld imsgiglb~m$ ojp~j lb~mb`lp jbijdm$ nl \vjbm"Pgb lifjvem$ dj bm~j bm gbcmvijfj j`lv`j nl ngòj~lmvj w dmp `d`|dmp `mvvlp{mbnglb~lp" Lp ip$ jb~lpnl z|l |b mfplvsjnmv o|fglpl {mngnm |~gdgjv dmp nj)~mp {jvj j{|b~jv p| ~ldlp`m{gm$ ojfvj pgnm bl`lpjvgm~vjbpcmvijv dmp ldlilb~mp mvfg~jdlp ilngmp lb {mpg)

`gmblp `ldlp~lp vljdlp$ {jvj dm z|l ~lbnvj z|l ojflvpljpgebjnm |bj cmvij `mvvl`~j j dj vfg~j nl Bl{~|bm"Lb dj slvpgb nl dj bm~j z|l {|fdg`jvj {mp~lvgmvilb~lJgvw pl p|{vgig |bj cvjpl nl`gpgsj$ {|lnl z|l `mb djgb~lb`gb nl m`|d~jv lpj `jvlb`gj"

\b pgdlb`gm gblx{dg`jfdlJ|bz|l i|òmp `v~g`mp ojb jòj`jnm j Jgvw bm oj)flv pjfgnm {lv`j~jvpl nl dj gi{mv~jb`gj nl lp~j bm~j~vjp`lbnlb~jd$ dm `glv~m lp z|l vlp{mbng {mv `jv~j jJnjip8

Dl lp~mw i|w jevjnl`gnm {mv dj bm~j `mb vlp|d~jnmp z|l

nlh lb ig `jpj oj`l |bmp njp$ lb dj z|l j{jvl`lb djp

{lv~|vfj`gmblp Qngclvlb`gjp lb ld sjdmv nl dj dmbeg~|nY

nl dj {mpg`gb nl \vjbm {vmn|`gnjp {mv |b {djbl~j `mb

|bmp nl~lvigbjnmp ldlilb~mp""" Il e|p~jvj i|òm pj)

flv pg lp~j p|{|lp~j {lv~|vfj`gb Q~jifgbY {|lnl lx)

{dg`jv ld vjngm sl`~mv nl \vjbm"

Jgvw pl vlclvj j |b olòm z|l d igpim ojfj nl)~lvigbjnm ~vjp |bj djvej plvgl nl mfplvsj`gmblp lb ldnl`lbgm nl :?0;8 \vjbm$ jnlip nl nlpsgjvpl lb dmb)eg~|n$ pl lb`mb~vjfj |b {m`m ip dlhmp nld Pmd nl dm{vlsgp~m" Pg Jnjip o|fglpl vlp{mbngnm j dj `|lp~gb{djb~ljnj {mv Jgvw$ ~jd sl p~l pl o|fglpl nl`gngnm jf|p`jv ld {djbl~j w dmp fvg~bg`mp ojfvjb pgnm dmp bg)

`mp nlp`|fvgnmvlp nl Bl{~|bm" [lvm Jnjip bm `mb)~lp~" [mv z|=

Jnjip b|b`j ngm |bj vlp{|lp~j pj~gpcj`~mvgj j lpj`|lp~gb `v|`gjd" I|òm ~gli{m nlp{|p ngvj z|lojfj `mbpgnlvjnm ~vgsgjd dj {vle|b~j nl Jgvw w z|lbm pl ojfj imdlp~jnm lb vlp{mbnlv" Pgb lifjvem$ lb|b jv~`|dm {|fdg`jnm nlp{|p nld nlp`|fvgiglb~m lbld z|l vlp|ij p|p `d`|dmp$ jnig~g z|l ld lvvmv lb`|jb~m jd vjngm lvj `mbpgnlvjfdl lb m`jpgmblp" Lbng`glifvl nl :?>3$ ld eldmem nl @jifvgnel JnjiPlnugeà dl {vle|b~ pg p| cjd~j nl `mi|bg`j`gb vl)cdlhjfj p| gvvg~j`gb {mv bm ojflv dmevjnm vl|bgvpl `mbJgvw$ j dm z|l Jnjip vlp{mbng blej~gsjilb~l" \bjp

GBSLP^GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;< >0


46/99

sl`lp dm jòj` j p| {vm{gj nlhjnl w m~vjp$ j z|l bmdl e|p~jfj lp`vgfgv"

Lb dj `mdl``gb nl {j{ldlp nl dmp Jnjip nl{mpg~jnjlb @mvb|jddlp$ nlp`|fvgimp ld jm {jpjnm `glv~m nm`|)ilb~m z|l bmp oj {lvig~gnm pjflv z|l Jnjip li{lj vlnj`~jv |bj `jv~j j Jgvw z|l b|b`j ddle j lbsgjv"Dj `jv~j lb `|lp~gb lp~ clòjnj ld :0 nl bmsglifvlnl :?>3$ Jnjip pl nlng` j |b{vmfdlij z|l {jvl`j ip |velb~l8 ld `d`|dm nl djpvfg~jp nl dmp cvjeilb~mp nl |b `mil~j z|l pl ojfjlp`gbngnm lb nmp" ^jifgb pl ~lbj z|l m`|{jv nl djnm`lb`gj$ z|l$ omw `mim jwlv$ nlhjfj {m`m ~gli{m{jvj dj gbslp~gej`gb" Bm pl oj lb`mb~vjnm jb bgbeb

nm`|ilb~m z|l p|eglvj z|l djp {lv~|vfj`gmblp nl \vjbmsmdsglplb j gb~lvlpjvdl ojp~j cgbjdlp nl h|bgm nl :?>3${m`j lb z|l ddle j Gbedj~lvvj ld ~vjfjhm nl Dl Slvvglv"

Pdm lb~mb`lp p|egvg Jgvw j @ojddgp z|l f|p`jpl ld{djbl~j" Jnjip j{mv~ ld `d`|dm nl djp {mpg`gmblp `l)dlp~lp nld og{m~~g`m {djbl~j {jvj cgbjdlp nld slvjbm w{vgb`g{gmp nld m~mm" Vjudgbp pljd wj z|l dmp `d`|)dmp nl Jnjip pl fjpjvmb lb dj ~lmvj `gv`|djv nl DlSlvvglv w bm lb p| {vm{gj ~lmvj" @ojddgp gbg`g p|p mf)plvsj`gmblp ld 67 nl h|dgm" J`~| `mb ngdgelb`gj w lx)oj|p~gsjilb~l$ pleb lsgnlb`gjb p|p bm~jp" Nlp`mbm`lnmvnl dj lxgp~lb`gj nld ij{j `ldlp~l nl dj J`jnligj nlFlvdb z|l vl{vlplb~jfj dj vlegb lb `|lp~gb /ld ij{jz|l Ejddl w nJvvlp~ gfjb j |~gdgjv j cgbjdlp nl pl{)~glifvl'$ ~|sm z|l ldjfmvjv p| {vm{gm ij{j" Jbm~ djp{mpg`gmblp nl dmp `|lv{mp `ldlp~lp z|l ojfj mfplv)sjnm nmp sl`lp1 pg jde|bm nl lddmp pl imsj$ lvj |b{djbl~j {m~lb`gjd" Gbsgv~g i|òm ~gli{m lb lp~j ~jvlj8Jgvw dl ojfj {lngnm z|l lp~|ngjpl |bj vlegb i|wji{dgj" Oj`gj pl{~glifvl$ @ojddgp ojfj `j~jdmejnm 0;;;lp~vlddjp" Dmp njp > w :6 nl jemp~m ojfj nl~l`~jnm ldmfhl~m z|l ip ~jvnl pl ddjijvj Bl{~|bm" Jd bm `mi)

{jvjv gbilngj~jilb~l djp {mpg`gmblp$ nlh lp`j{jv djm{mv~|bgnjn nl `mbslv~gvpl lb p| nlp`|fvgnmv"

Iglb~vjp ~jb~m$ Jnjip vlsgpjfj p|p {vm{gmp `d`|)dmp$ z|l vlp|ig lb |bj `jv~j j Jgvw clòjnj ld 6 nlpl{~glifvl" Lvj `mbp`glb~l nlpnl oj`j ~gli{m nl z|lojfj |~gdgjnm dj dlw nl Fmnl nl cmvij jvfg~vjvgj wz|l dj vfg~j bm `gv`|djv z|l ojfj j~vgf|gnm jd og){m~~g`m {djbl~j lvj {m`m slvmpigd" N|vjb~l djp sj`j)`gmblp nl slvjbm vlom ~mnmp dmp `d`|dmp1 jnsgv~gz|l |bj vfg~j `gv`|djv$ nl ilbmv vjngm$ pl jh|p~jfjilhmv j djp mfplvsj`gmblp" [lvm lb~mb`lp pge|g h|)ejbnm `mb dmp bilvmp w `mbpgnlv dj {mpgfgdgnjn nl

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HMOBBWHMOBPMB


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|bj vfg~j nl vjngm ~mnjsj ilbmv$ z|l$ `mbhl~|v$njvj d|ejv j |bj dmbeg~|n fjp~jb~l ngp~gb~j nl dj {vl)ng``gb mvgegbjd"

Pleb pjflimp omw$ ld b|lsm lbcmz|l nl Jnjip pg~|j)fj ld {djbl~j ip `lv`j nl |bj vlpmbjb`gj `mb \vjbm$ lb|b d|ejv nmbnl djp gbcd|lb`gjp evjsg~j~mvgjp pl j`|i|)djvjb w ngp~mvpgmbjvjb ld {djb~ljiglb~m ij~li~g`mnld {vmfdlij z|l ojfj lp`megnm" [jvj lb~mb`lp$ wj bmgi{mv~jfj" Dmp b|lsmp `d`|dmp ddlejfjb nlijpgjnm~jvnl {jvj `mbng`gmbjv dj fpz|lnj nld {djbl~j"

\b jp{l`~m nl dmp `d`|dmp nl Jnjip$ nl p| j`~g~|nlb elblvjd$ z|l dmp ogp~mvgjnmvlp ojb ilb`gmbjnm {m)

`jp sl`lp$ lp z|l pgli{vl pl vlclvj jd {djbl~j `mimpg c|lvj |b `mbp~v|`~m" Pl ~vj~jfj pgi{dlilb~l nl |bjplvgl nl ldlilb~mp$ |bj lp{l`gl nl ~v|`m nl {vlp~gng)eg~jnmv {jvj z|l lb`jhjvjb djp `md|ibjp nl bilvmp"Dl Slvvglv$ {mv ld `mb~vjvgm$ {vm{mv`gmbjfj lb p| jv)~`|dm |bj {mpg`gb `mb`vl~j nld og{m~~g`m {djbl~j wpl vlclvj j |b mfhl~m cpg`m elb|gbm z|l ~vjbpg~jfj {mvdmp `mbcgblp ip cvmp nld pgp~lij pmdjv" Lb m~vm jv)~`|dm {|fdg`jnm lb jemp~m gbng` z|l$ j ~vjsp nld ~l)dlp`m{gm$ ld {djbl~j {mnvj vl`mbm`lvpl {mv p| ngp`m"@|jbnm lp~j p|elvlb`gj ddle j Gbedj~lvvj$ @ojddgp li){l j {vlp~jv ijwmv j~lb`gb j dj j{jvglb`gj cpg`j nldmp mfhl~mp `ldlp~lp z|l `j~jdmejfj" Lb p|p bm~jp nld67 nl pl{~glifvl$ lp`vgfj z|l |bm {jvl`l ~lblv |bngp`m" Njp jb~lp$ ld Mfplvsj~mvgm nl Flvdb ojfj nl)~l`~jnm lpl igpim mfhl~m w `mbcgvijnm p| bj~|vjdlj{djbl~jvgj" Ojfj nlhjnm nl plv |b i|bnm og{m~~g`m"Ngmp nl dmp @gldmp$ z| evjbnl lp*$ lx`dji Ejddl"

Dmp fvg~bg`mp vmfjvmb Bl{~|bmNlp{|p nl lxjigbjv dmp nm`|ilb~mp mvgegbjdlp$ {m)nlimp `mb`d|gv z|l dmp fvg~bg`mp `ml~blmp nl Jnjipdl m~mvejvmb ip ivg~m nld z|l pl ilvl`j$ pgb il)bmp`jfm nl dmp `d`|dmp bm~jfdlp z|l vljdg" @mb DlSlvvglv nlfl vl`mbm`vpldl p| djfmv {gmblvj lb djj{dg`j`gb nl dj ~lmvj nl {lv~|vfj`gmblp jd imsg)iglb~m nl dmp {djbl~jp" [mpgfdlilb~l ~|sglpl evjb `mb)

cgjbj lb dj {vl`gpgb w dj `mvvl``gb nl p|p vlp|d~j)nmp$ j|bz|l pgli{vl pl ~glbnl j pmfvlp~gijv ld jd`jb`lnl |bj {vlng``gb$ |bj sl nlimp~vjnj dj vljdgnjn nl|b clbilbm"

Lb `|jdz|glv `jpm$ Jnjip bm dmev ~vjbpig~gv nl cmvij`mbsgb`lb~l p|p vlp|d~jnmp j p|p `mdlejp w jd vlp~m nldi|bnm" \b nlp`|fvgiglb~m bm pdm `mbpgp~l lb li{vlbnlvld {vgilv jbdgpgp nl |b {vmfdlij w ddlsjv j `jfm jd)e|bmp `d`|dmp gb~lvlpjb~lp$ pgbm ~jifgb lb ~lblv `mb)`glb`gj nld nlp`|fvgiglb~m w ~vjbpig~gvdm nl cmvij lcg)`j j dj `mi|bgnjn `glb~cg`j" ^mnm nlp`|fvgiglb~m ~glbl|b djnm {fdg`m w |b djnm {vgsjnm1 Jnjip pdm `mi){dl~ dj ig~jn nl lpj nmfdl ~jvlj" [mv gvmbj nl djp `m)

pjp$ dmp igpimp vjpemp nld `jv`~lv /lblvej w vlpmd|)`gb' z|l {lvig~glvmb j Dl Slvvglv ddlejv ld {vgilvm$jb~l |b Jnjip ~ignm l gbelb|m$ pl smdsglvmb lb `mb)~vj nl jz|d lb dmp jmp {mp~lvgmvlp jd nlp`|fvgiglb~m"

Dmp `glb~cg`mp fvg~bg`mp `lvvjvmb cgdjp nl~vp nl Jnjip$iglb~vjp z|l Dl Slvvglv c|l ~vj~jnm `mb nlpnb {mv p|p`mdlejp"

Dj ogp~mvgj jz| `mb~jnj bmp ojfdj ~jifgb nld {j){ld nl dj p|lv~l lb dmp nlp`|fvgiglb~mp" Lb `glv~m plb)~gnm$ bg Jnjip bg Dl Slvvglv {vlnghlvmb vljdilb~l dj{mpg`gb nl Bl{~|bm" Jifmp pmfvlp~gijvmb fjp~jb~ldj ngp~jb`gj vljd nld {djbl~j1 dmevjvmb njv `mb dj dmb)eg~|n `jpg lxj`~j evj`gjp j |b emd{l nl cmv~|bj8 lb ldimilb~m nl djp mfplvsj`gmblp$ ld {djbl~j pl ojddjfjlb ld ~vjim nl dj vfg~j {~gim {jvj dj mfplvsj`gb lbjz|lddjp cl`ojp" Nl lpl ~g{m nl `mgb`gnlb`gjp ojwlhli{dmp jf|bnjb~lp lb dj ogp~mvgj nl dj `glb`gj" \bpgedm ip ~jvnl$ pl {vmn|hm |b clbilbm {jvl`gnm `|jbnmld nlp`|fvgiglb~m nl [d|~b"

Jomvj z|l djp {jpgmblp nlpj~jnjp {mv djp vgsjdgnj)nlp gb~lvbj`gmbjdlp nl jz|lddmp jmp wj bm lxgp~lb wz|l dmp ogp~mvgjnmvlp ojb j``lngnm j dmp nm`|ilb~mpmvgegbjdlp `mbplvsjnmp$ {|lnl jcgvijvpl z|l j Jnjipbm pl dl {|lnl j~vgf|gv ld igpim ivg~m z|l j Dl Slvvglvlb ld nlp`|fvgiglb~m nl Bl{~|bm" Oj nl vl`jlv lb lx)`d|pgsj lb z|glb {vlnghm dj {mpg`gb nld {djbl~j w `mb)slb`g j dmp jp~vbmimp nl z|l nglplb `mb d" Ld j|~mvnl lpj ojjj c|l Dl Slvvglv"

GBSLP^GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;< >7

>" IJBM @MI[\LP^J nl J|p~ vjdm{g~ol`|p jcjvlbp gp$ `mbcl`)`gmbjnj j {jv~gv nl dj ijbm gz|glvnj w dj gijelb lp{l`|djvnl jdeb o|lpm nl dj ijbm nlvl`oj vl{vmn|`gnjp lb djcge|vj 0" Bm pl gb`d|wlb djp cjdjbelp ngp~jdlp"

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52/99

{mimvcmp j`~|jdlp" Djp z|gilvjppl elblvjvmb nl |bj cmvij jdlj~m)vgj$ ilngjb~l dj il`dj nl o|lpmp{vm`lnlb~lp nl i|òmp gbngsgn|mpngp~gb~mp" J ~vjsp nl lpl i~mnm{|nm `jd`|djvpl dj {vmfjfgdgnjn nlmf~lblv lvvbljilb~l djp {vm{mv`gm)blp nlJ" jcjvlbpgp jd il`djv jdlj)~mvgjilb~l o|lpmp `mvvlp{mbnglb)~lp j gbngsgn|mp ngp~gb~mp" @|jbnmlp~j {vmfjfgdgnjn bm ddle jd < ,$z|ln lp~jnp~g`jilb~l nlp`jv~jnjdj {mpgfgdgnjn nl z|l dmp vlp|d~jnmpmf~lbgnmp pl nlfglvjb jd jjv"

Pl `mi{jv dj ijbm nl J" jcj)vlbpgp `mb ijbmp nl omigbmgnlmpj`~|jdlp /o|ijbmp$ ogi{jb`p$ fm)bmfmp$ emvgdjp w mvjbe|~jblp'" Lblpl `m~lhm pl ~|sglvmb lb `|lb~j dj

dmbeg~|n vldj~gsj nld {|dejv w djp{vm{mv`gmblp edmfjdlp nl dj ijbm"Lb ld {vm`lpm nl `mi{jvj`gb plli{dljvmb vlpgn|mp jdmi~vg`mp$ z|l{lvig~lb `jd`|djv dj nlpsgj`gb nl|b gbngsgn|m `mb vlp{l`~m j dj ~lb)nlb`gj elblvjd nl dj i|lp~vj lb`|jb~m jd ~jijm `mv{mvjd1 pl pm)il~glvmb dmp nj~mp j |b jbdgpgp nldj sjvgjbj w jbdgpgp i|d~gsjvgjb~l`jbbg`m$ ~jifgb ddjijnm jbdgpgpngp`vgigbjb~l"

Lb dm `mb`lvbglb~l j djp {vm{mv)`gmblp edmfjdlp nl dj ijbm$ J" jcj)vlbpgp pl pg~| ip `lv`j nl dmpo|ijbmp z|l nl dmp pgigmp jb~vm){mimvcmp$ j|bz|l bm pgb ngclvlb`gjplp~jnp~g`jilb~l pgebgcg`j~gsjp `mbdmp o|ijbmp j`~|jdlp$ |bj ngp`vl)

{jb`gj lx{dg`jfdl jd ~vj~jvpl nl e)blvmp ngp~gb~mp" Ld jbdgpgp nl jdlj)~mvgj`gb `mbcgvi ~jdlp vlp|d~jnmp"Imp~v$ lb {jv~g`|djv$ z|l$ pg pl ~glbllb `|lb~j ld evjnm nl pgigdg~|n `mbdmp o|ijbmp j`~|jdlp$ {|lnl lx)`d|gvpl z|l djp {vm{mv`gmblp nl ~g{mo|ijbm nl dj ijbm nl J" jcjvlb)pgp pl nlfjb j dj il`dj nl o|lpmp{vm`lnlb~lp nl ngp~gb~mp gbngsgn|mp"Lb dm `mb`lvbglb~l jd ~jijm vldj)~gsm nld {|dejv$ J" jcjvlbpgp ~ji)fgb pl j{vmxgijfj fjp~jb~l j dmpo|ijbmp `mb |b {|dejv i|w jdjv)ejnm$ lb `mi{jvj`gb `mb dmp pg)igmp jb~vm{mimvcmp" ^jifgb dm`mbcgvi ld {vm`lngiglb~m nl jdlj)~mvgj`gb"

J~lbnglbnm j dj ijpj `mv{mvjd$ld djvem {|dejv nl dmp o|ijbmp bmvlp|d~j ~jb~m nl |b jdjvejiglb~mlb ~vigbmp vldj~gsmp `|jb~m nl |b

j`mv~jiglb~m nld vlp~m nl dj ijbm1gnb~g`j lx{dg`j`gb `jfl mcvl`lv nld{|dejv nl J" jcjvlbpgp" ^jdlp jcgv)ij`gmblp ojb nl ~mijvpl `mb `j|)~ldj$ njnj dj cjd~j nl `mbm`giglb)~mp ple|vmp pmfvl ld ~jijm `mv{mvjdvljd nl dmp cpgdlp1 `mb ~mnm$ ld jb)dgpgp nl jdlj~mvgj`gb vlsldj z|l p{mnlimp ddlejv$ jd ilbmp$ j `mb)`d|pgmblp cgvilp vlp{l`~m ld j`mv~j)iglb~m nl dj ijbm"

Ld olòm nl z|lJ" jcjvlbpgp {vl)`lnj lb jdvlnlnmv nl |b igddb nljmp dmp {vgilvmp vlp~mp jvz|lm)deg`mp nl gbn|p~vgj d~g`j$ clòjnmpoj`l 6$< Ij$ bmp {lvig~l vlc|~jv djog{~lpgp nl P|pijb" Pleb p~l$ djp{vm{mv`gmblp o|ijbjp nl dj ijbmlsmd|`gmbjvmb lb mvgelb `mim |bj

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53/99

jnj{~j`gb jd |pm w dj cjfvg`j`gbnl gbp~v|ilb~mp d~g`mp"

Lb lcl`~m$ z|lnj {j~lb~l z|l bmpl `|i{dl ld `vg~lvgm nl `mb`mvnjb)`gj ogp~vg`j lb~vl ld mvgelb nld `jv`)~lv /djp {vm{mv`gmblp nl dj ijbm o|)ijbj' w ld `miglbm nl dj {vlpgbpldl`~gsj {lv~gblb~l /dj cjfvg`j`gbnl gbp~v|ilb~mp d~g`mp'" Lddm bm lx)`d|wl z|l pl pldl``gmbjvjb m~vjp `j)vj`~lvp~g`jp nl dj ijbm o|ijbj {jvj`|i{dgv ngòj c|b`gb" Jomvj fglb$lb dm `mb`lvbglb~l j djp {vm{mv`gm)blp nl dj ijbm$ dj cjfvg`j`gb nl gbp)~v|ilb~mp d~g`mp ojfvj cjsmvl`gnm`mim ixgim {lz|lmp vljh|p~lpnl djp {vm{mv`gmblp lb `|lp~gb"

@mb m~vjp {jdjfvjp$ djp {vm{mv)`gmblp {l`|dgjvlp nl dj ijbm o|)ijbj `mbp~g~|gvjb |bj jnz|gpg`gb

jb~lvgmv j dj cjfvg`j`gb nl ~gdlpnl {glnvj$ jnz|gpg`gb z|l ojfvjpgnm `mm{~jnj d|lem {jvj ddlsjv j`jfm dj b|lsj c|b`gb" @mb vlp{l`~mj dj cjfvg`j`gb nl gbp~v|ilb~mp d)~g`mp$ djp {vm{mv`gmblp nl dj ijbmo|ijbj bm plvjb |bj jnj{~j`gb$pgbm |bj lxj{~j`gb"

Mvgelb nl djp {vm{mv`gmblpnl dj ijbm o|ijbj\bj sl nlp`jv~jnj dj cjfvg`j`gbnl gbp~v|ilb~mp d~g`mp$ cjd~j {mv vlpmd)

slv ld mvgelb nl djp {vm{mv`gmblpo|ijbjp nl dj ijbm" Nl j`|lvnm `mb`glv~j og{~lpgp$ z|l bm {|lnl `mi){vmfjvpl lb ld vlegp~vm jvz|lmd)eg`m$ nlflvj j~vgf|gvpl j djp {vlpgm)blp nl pldl``gb gi{|lp~jp {mv ~g{mpnl ijbg{|dj`gb ip `mi{dlhmp z|ldmp mfplvsjnmp lb~vl {vgij~lp bmo|ijbmp j`~|jdlp" Vjmbj dj og{)~lpgp z|l dmp omigbgbmp {vgig~gsmpdmp jb~l`lpmvlp gbilngj~mp nl dmp

o|ijbmp ojfvjb imp~vjnm `mi){mv~jiglb~mp gbp~v|ilb~jdlp ip `mi){dlhmp z|l dmp j`~|jdlp ògi{jb`plb dgflv~jn$ gb`d|wlbnm ld |pm w ~jdsl cjfvg`j`gb nl ~gdlp `mb ij~l)vgjdlp mvebg`mp"

Lpj jve|ilb~j`gb gb~vmn|`l |blp`lbjvgm {mpgfdl$ j|bz|l bm bl`l)pjvgm" J~lbnjimp j dmp {vgij~lp bmo|ijbmp j`~|jdlp" Djp ijbmp dlppgvslb {jvj |b ji{dgm jfjbg`m nlngslvpjp c|b`gmblp dm`mim~mvjp wijbg{|djnmvjp" Nlpnl b|lp~vj {lvp)

{l`~gsj jb~vm{m`b~vg`j pl bmp oj`lj sl`lp ngc`gd lb~lbnlv z|l$ lb dmp{vl`|vpmvlp nld dgbjhl o|ijbm$ djijbg{|dj`gb {|nglvj lp~jv nlpsgb)`|djnj nl dj cjfvg`j`gb nl gbp~v|)ilb~mp" Bm mfp~jb~l$ ~mnmp dmp {vg)ij~lp |~gdgjb p|p ijbmp {jvj ~jvljpi|w ngp{jvlp$ nlpnl ld j`g`jdjiglb~mojp~j dj vl`mdl``gb w ld {vm`lpjnmnl jdgilb~mp" Lpjp m{lvj`gmblp$ pgbvldj`gb `mb djp olvvjiglb~jp$ vl)

z|glvlb$ pgb lifjvem$ imsgiglb~mp`mi{dlhmp"

Pg pl z|glvl lsg~jv `jlv lb |b vj)mbjiglb~m `gv`|djv$ ojw z|l jfmv)njv ld mvgelb nl dj ijbm o|ijbjlb |b ijv`m z|l ~vjp`glbnj dj sgb)`|dj`gb nl dj igpij `mb ld ij)blhm nl ~gdlp" Lb lpl b|lsm lbcm)z|l$ nlflvjb `mbpgnlvjvpl m~vjpj`~gsgnjnlp ddlsjnjp j `jfm {mv dmp{vgij~lp lb `mb~lx~mp bm dm`mim)~mvlp w z|l gi{dg`jb |bj ijbg{|)dj`gb `mi{dlhj"

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bmp imnlvbmp z|l jd nl dmp evjbnlp jb)~vm{mimvcmp" Z|lnj c|lvj$ pgb lifjvem$nl dj sjvgjfgdgnjn j`~|jd" /Dmp lhlp `jbbg)`mp pmb sjvgjfdlp mf~lbgnjp j {jv~gv nldjp mvgegbjdlp {mv ilngm nl |bj ~vjbpcmv)ij`gb jdelfvjg`j z|l {lvig~l lp~jfdl`lv`mi{jvj`gmblp lb~vl ev|{mp"' M~vj ijblvjnl vl{vlplb~jv lp~l jbdgpgp ilngjb~l ev)cg`mp nl jevlej`gb$ `mb djp ngp~jb`gjpnl Ijojdjbmfgp jd `|jnvjnm vlp|d~jb~lnld jbdgpgp ngp`vgigbjb~l jvvmhj ~jifgb$`mim pl vl{vlplb~j lb f$ z|l J" jcjvlbpgp

pl jev|{j `mb dmp o|ijbmp imnlvbmp" Djpjfvlsgj~|vjp nlpgebjb dm pge|glb~l8 db$ dmej)vg~im bj~|vjd1 F$ fmbmfm1 @$ ògi{jb`1 E$emvgdj1 M$ mvjbe|~b1 J$ J|p~vj dm{g~ol`|pjcjvlbpgp1 O$ o|ijbm imnlvbm"

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"JDFJ$

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IMWJP

MDJWI

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54/99

J|bz|l dmp fgdmemp pl li{llblb jbjdgjv {mv pl{jvjnm dj lsmd|)`gb nl `jnj `jv`~lv$ bm nlfl mdsg)njvpl z|l dmp mvejbgpimp {vlplb~jb|b jd~m bgsld nl gb~levj`gb" Ilv`ln

j lddm$ |bj igpij lp~v|`~|vj jbj~)ig`j nlpli{lj j ilb|nm ip nl|bj c|b`gb1 lb vjb nl lddm ~ji)fgb$ {vlpgmblp pldl`~gsjp nl ngp)~gb~j bnmdl j`~jb j dj sl pmfvldj igpij lp~v|`~|vj jbj~ig`j" Dmmfplvsjimp lb djp ijbmp8 j|bz|lijbg{|dj`gb w dm`mim`gb bm pljbc|b`gmblp lx`d|wlb~lp$ j`mp~|ifvjbgi{dg`jv {vlpgmblp pldl`~gsjp ngp)~gb~jp$ pg bm m{|lp~jp"

Djp {vlpgmblp pldl`~gsjp nl ~g{mdm`mim~mv lhlv`lb$ lb elblvjd$ |bj

gbcd|lb`gj ip nl~lvigbjb~l w plvlcdlhjb ngvl`~jilb~l lb dj imvcm)dmej nl dj ijbm" Djp jnj{~j`gmblpjpm`gjnjp j dj ijbg{|dj`gb sglblb`mbng`gmbjnjp {mv djp vlp~vg``gmblp

fgmil`bg`jp gi{|lp~jp {mv dj dm)`mim`gb1 `mb m~vjp {jdjfvjp8 djdm`mim`gb {mnvj gi{lngv dj jn)z|gpg`gb nl {vm{mv`gmblp {~gijp{jvj |bj ijbg{|dj`gb ip lcg`glb)~l" Dmp {vgij~lp ~glblb djp ijbmpjnl`|jnjp {jvj p| ~g{m nl dm`mim)`gb" Njnj dj {vgij`j nl lpj c|b)`gb$ j`mil~lb `mim {|lnlb dj m~vjc|b`gb$ dj nl ijbg{|dj`gb"

Lb dmp imbmp `|jnv{lnmp$ djp{vm{mv`gmblp nl dj ijbm pmb lb el)blvjd ip o|ijbjp /w {mv dm ~jb~m$

ip lcg`glb~lp {jvj dj ijbg{|dj`gb'${|lp ld `|jnv|{lngpim ~lvvlp~vl cj)smvl`l |bjp ijbmp `mv~jp" [lvm lbdmp egfmblp w mvjbe|~jblp$ `mb `mi){mv~jiglb~mp dm`mim~mvlp jvfvlmpnl ~g{m p|p{lbpmv w ~vl{jnmv$ pl cj)smvl`l |bj ijbm djvej$ ilbmp jnl)`|jnj {jvj dj ijbg{|dj`gb1 dmigpim pl j{dg`j j dmp jb~vm{mimv)cmp jcvg`jbmp$ z|l {vlplb~jb |b `j)vj`~lvp~g`m jbnjv nl b|ngddmp nl~g{m `|jnv{lnm"

Pdm dj jnz|gpg`gb nl |b fg{l)ngpim ~lvvlp~vl ojfg~|jd$ `mim lb)`mb~vjimp lb dmp o|ijbmp imnlv)bmp$ dgflvj djp ijbmp nl djp cj~gejpdm`mim~mvjp1 z|lnjb lx`d|pgsjilb~llx{|lp~jp j dj {vlpgb nl pldl``gbvldj`gmbjnj `mb dj c|b`gb ijbg){|djnmvj"

B|lp~vj og{~lpgp

Nlpnl dmp ~gli{mp nl Njvugb sglbljnig~gbnmpl |bj vldj`gb lb~vl ldfg{lngpim w dj j{jvg`gb nl djp j{)~g~|nlp ijbg{|djnmvjp o|ijbjp" Bm)pm~vmp {vm{mblimp dj og{~lpgp nlz|l djp {vm{mv`gmblp nl dj ijbm o|)ijbj$ gb`d|gnj |bj dmbeg~|n bm~jfdlnld {|dejv$ {mnvjb ojflvpl mvgegbj)nm nl djp igpijp {vlpgmblp nl pldl`)`gb z|l pl {|lnlb lb`mb~vjv lb~vldmp {vgij~lp bm o|ijbmp j`~|jdlp$|bj sl z|l djp ijbmp z|lnjvmb dg)flvjnjp nl nlijbnjp dm`mim~mvjpjd jnm{~jv dj dm`mim`gb f{lnj"

Dj og{~lpgp pl vlsldj `mbev|lb~l`mb dmp nj~mp jbj~ig`mp vl`jfj)nmp nlJ" jcjvlbpgp" Jnlip nl {vm){mv`gmblp ijb|jdlp nl ~g{m o|ijbm$lp~l j|p~vjdm{g~l`m i|lp~vj wj i|)`ojp jnj{~j`gmblp j |b fg{lngpimojfg~|jd" Jde|bjp nl ~jdlp jnj{~j)`gmblp vlcdlhjb |bj ilbmv lcg`j`gj{jvj ~vl{jv j dmp vfmdlp" B|lp~vjog{~lpgp `mb`|lvnj ~jifgb `mb m~vmjp{l`~m nl gb~lvp lb J" jcjvlbpgp8ld gb`vlilb~m vldj~gsm nl dj dmbeg)~|n nld {|dejv bm pl mf~|sm jdjv)

ejbnm ld {|dejv$ pgbm vln|`glbnm djdmbeg~|n nl dj ijbm$ z|l lp dm z|l`jfvj lp{lvjv nl |bj ijbm bm pm)il~gnj j |bj gb~lbpj {vlpgb nl pl)dl``gb nl ~g{m dm`mim~mv"

J {vm{pg~m nld ~g{m nl `|jnv|){lngpim ~lvvlp~vl lb dmp jb~vm{mimv)cmp jcvg`jbmp$ {mnvj jn|`gvpl z|lpl {vgsgdleg |b jbnjv nl b|ngddmpcvlb~l jd fg{lngpim m ld `|jnv|{l)ngpim ngeg~evjnm {mv |bj vjb nl{lpm8 {jvj `mbplvsjv |bj ijbm djvej$lxgegnj lb ld ijb~lbgiglb~m nl mi)


55/99

{mv~jiglb~mp jvfmv`mdjp jb`lp~vj)dlp$ {lvm {m`m jnl`|jnj {jvj |bjijbg{|dj`gb lcg`glb~l"

I|`ojp nl djp `jvj`~lvp~g`jp f){lnjp nl J" jcjvlbpgp gi{dg`jb wj|b nl`vlilb~m lb dj lcg`glb`gj nldj dm`mim`gb jvfvlj" Lddm pl oj`llsgnlb~l lb dmp fvjmp$ z|l ~glblblp`jpj gb`gnlb`gj lb dj il`bg`j nldfg{lngpim$ {lvm nlpli{ljb |bjc|b`gb {vgimvngjd lb dj dm`mim)`gb jvfvlj"

B|lp~vj lx{dg`j`gb lb`jhj ~ji)fgb `mb ld nlp`|fvgiglb~m nl z|lMvlm{g~ol`|p fjifmdgg$ |b pgigm jb)~vm{mimvcm f{lnm$ z|l lsmd|`gmblb `mbng`gmblp nl gbp|djvgnjn lb ldIgm`lbm p|{lvgmv nl G~jdgj$ ~lbj|b {|dejv nl {vm{mv`gmblp o|ijbjp"\bj sl ip$ dj dgflvj`gb nl dmpvlz|lvgiglb~mp dm`mim~mvlp cj`gdg~jdj j{jvg`gb nl |bjp {vm{mv`gmblp

ijb|jdlp nl ~g{m o|ijbm `mim vl)p|d~jnm nl {vlpgmblp nl pldl``gbvldj`gmbjnjp `mb dj ijbg{|dj`gb${lvm nlpdgejnjp nl dj cjfvg`j`gbnl gbp~v|ilb~mp"



56/99

DMP SGV\P L_GP^LB lb dj cvmb~lvjz|l pl{jvj dj sgnj nl dm gbjbgijnm"


57/99

Jdm djvem nl dmp `glb~m w {g`m jmp ~vjbp)`|vvgnmp nlpnl p| nlp`|fvgiglb~m$ w lbvl{l~gnjp m`jpgmblp$ dmp lx{lv~mp ojb`jifgjnm nl m{gbgb j`lv`j nl dj gnlb)~gnjn nl dmp sgv|p" @mbpgnlvjnmp {vg)ilvm slblbmp$ d|lem cmvijp nl sgnj

w ip ~jvnl p|p~jb`gjp fgmz|ig`jp$ dmp sgv|pm`|{jb omw$ lb ld {lbpjiglb~m fgmdeg`m$ |bjmbj evgp lb~vl dm sgsm w dm gblv~l8 gb`j{j`lp nlj|~mvvl{dg`jvpl$ dm `mbpge|lb$ pgb lifjvem$ lb ldgb~lvgmv nl |bj `d|dj sgsj" Jnlip$ `mbng`gmbjbnl |bj cmvij nl~lvigbjb~l ld `mi{mv~jiglb~mnl ~jd o|p{ln"

Dj gb`d|pgb nl dmp sgv|p lb ld i|bnm gblv~l$n|vjb~l f|lbj {jv~l nl dj lvj imnlvbj nl dj fgm)dmej$ ~vjhm `mbpgem |bj `mbpl`|lb`gj blej~gsj8pl {vlp`gbng nl lddmp lb ld lp~|ngm nl dj lsmd|)`gb" [jvj b|lp~vj cmv~|bj$ dj `glb`gj `miglbjj sjdmvjv {j{ld nl`gpgsm nl dmp sgv|p lb dj ogp)~mvgj nl dj sgnj"

Nl cmvijp sgsjp

j mb~lblnmvlp nl fgmimd`|djpBm lp lx~vjm z|l dj `djpgcg`j`gb nl dmp sgv|plb~vjl ~jijj ngcg`|d~jn" Pleb dj dlb~l z|l |pl)imp {jvj mfplvsjvdmp$ {jvl`lb |bj `mpj | m~vj"Ld gb~lvp {mv dmp sgv|p p|veg nl p| vldj`gb `mbdjp lbclvilnjnlp1 dj {jdjfvj sgv|p {vmsglbl nldj igpij vj z|l ld ~vigbm dj~gbm {jvj nlpge)bjv slblbm" J cgbjdlp nld pgedm _G_$ dmp gbslp)~gejnmvlp pl {lv`j~jvmb nl z|l dj vjfgj w dj cgl)fvl jc~mpj$ lb~vl m~vjp jcl``gmblp$ lvjb `j|pjnjp{mv {jv~`|djp z|l pl `mi{mv~jfjb `mim djp fj`)~lvgjp$ j|bz|l {vlplb~jfjb |b ~jijm i|`omilbmv" Njnm z|l pl ~vj~jfj `djvjilb~l nl |bj

lb~gnjn fgmdeg`j w z|l pl {vm{jejfj j m~vjps`~gijp `j|pjbnm lb p~jp lcl`~mp lsgnlb~lp$ pl{lbp z|l dmp sgv|p `mbp~g~|jb dj ip pgi{dl nl~mnjp djp cmvijp sgsjp {mv~jnmvjp nl elblp"

C|lvmb nlevjnjnmp j dj `j~lemvj nl `mi{|lp)~mp z|ig`mp gblv~lp lb :703 nl z|ig`j /bm nl cgpgmdmejm ilng`gbj'"

Gbslp~gej`gmblp {mp~lvgmvlp nld {vm{gm P~jbdlww m~vmp lp~jfdl`glvmb z|l dmp sgv|p `mbpgp~jb lb`gnmp b|`dlg`mp /JNB m JVB' lb`lvvjnmp nlb)~vm nl |bj lbsmd~|vj {vm~lg`j z|l {mnj jdflvejv~jifgb {vm~lbjp svg`jp gi{dg`jnjp lb dj gb)cl``gb" Nl j`|lvnm `mb lp~j nlp`vg{`gb$ |b sg)

v|p e|jvnj plilhjbj ip lp~vl`oj `mb |b `mb)h|b~m nl imd`|djp z|l `mb |b mvejbgpim" Pgblifjvem$ `|jbnm |b sgv|p {lbl~vj lb |bj `d|dj/p| o|p{ln$ j {jv~gv nl lb~mb`lp'$ bm {lvijbl`lgbj`~gsm" Pl nlp{mhj nl p| lbsmd~|vj$ dgflvj p|pelblp w mfdgej j dj `d|dj o|p{ln j {mblv jdplvsg`gm nld sgv|p dmp il`jbgpimp nl vl{dg`j)`gb8 dj `d|dj vl{dg`j ld JNB$ m JVB$ nld gb)~v|pm w$ pge|glbnm djp gbp~v|``gmblp nld `gnm b|)`dlg`m nld sgv|p$ pgb~l~gj ip {vm~lbj svg`j" Dmpldlilb~mp svg`mp lilvelb~lp pl lbpjifdjb$ jv)ijbnm b|lsjp {jv~`|djp svg`jp$ z|l ~lvigbjvbz|g {mv gbcl`~jv m~vjp `d|djp"

^glblb sgnj

dmp sgv|p=[lpl j {mblv lb `|lp~gb b|lp~vm `mb`l{~m nl plv sgsm$dmp sgv|p `mbp~g~|wlb {glxjp c|bnjilb~jdlp nld lb~vjijnm nl dj sgnj

D|gp [" Sgddjvvljd



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Lp~l `mi{mv~jiglb~m gbn|hm j {lbpjv z|l dmp sgv|pimvjfjb lb dj cvmb~lvj lb~vl dj sgnj w dj z|ig`j" Lb|b dlbe|jhl il~jcvg`m$ Ijv` O" S" sjb Vlelbimv~ld$nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nl Lp~vjpf|vem$ w Fvgjb U" H" Ijow$nld @lb~vm nl @mb~vmd w [vlslb`gb nl djp Lbclvilnjnlplp~jnm|bgnlbpl$ `mbpgnlvjb z|l dmp sgv|p$ jd nl{lbnlvnl dj `d|dj o|p{ln$ sgslb nl {vlp~jnm" Gi{mv~j p|)fvjwjv z|l$ j|bz|l n|vjb~l djvem ~gli{m j{mp~jvmb {mvdj ~lpgp z|l `mbpgnlvj dmp sgv|p ilvjp fmdpjp nl imd)`|djp$ dmp fgdmemp j{vmsl`ojvmb dj j`~gsgnjn svg`j lbdj `d|dj o|p{ln {jvj lp~jfdl`lv ld il`jbgpim nl `m)ngcg`j`gb nl djp {vm~lbjp {mv `gnmp b|`dlg`mp" [mv`mb~jv ~mnj dj slvnjn$ dj gbcmvij`gb z|l p|p~lb~j djfgmdmej imdl`|djv imnlvbj pl mf~|sm ilngjb~l dj lx){lvgilb~j`gb `mb sgv|p"

Dmp fgdmemp imdl`|djvlp {vm`lnglvmb j `vgp~jdgjvdj ijwmvj nl dmp `mi{mblb~lp lplb`gjdlp nl dj `d|dj/vgfmpmijp$ ig~m`mbnvgjp$ ilifvjbjp$ JNB w {vm~l)bjp lb~vl m~vmp'$ lb~lbngnmp jomvj `mim gb~levjb~lpnld lbevjbjhl z|ig`m m ij~lvgjd z|l lpj ijz|gbjvgj|pj m {vmn|`l" M`|{jnmp lb nlplb~vjjv dj `mi{dlhg)njn nl djp lp~v|`~|vjp z|ig`jp vlp{mbpjfdlp nl dmp {vm)

`lpmp nl dj sgnj$ j dmp fgdmemp imdl`|djvlp bm dlp ojz|lnjnm ~gli{m {jvj ilng~jv pmfvl pg dmp sgv|p {mpllbsgnj" [jvj lddmp$ ~jd ~g{m nl vlcdlxgb mcvl`l gnb~g`mgb~lvp z|l ld nl njvdlp s|ld~jp j dj `|lp~gb nl pg dmp`mbp~g~|wlb~lp p|f`ld|djvlp gbngsgn|jdlp sgslb {mv pigpimp" [lvm `mb lp~j {lvp{l`~gsj igm{l pdm j`glv)~jb j slv dmp sgv|p `mim jelb~lp z|l pl oj`lb `mb ldijbnm `ld|djv m gbcdgelb lbclvilnjnlp" @|lp~gmblp nlijwmv `jdjnm$ jp dj `mb~vgf|`gb nl dmp sgv|p j dj ogp)~mvgj nl dj sgnj pmfvl dj ^glvvj$ {lvijbl`lb pgb vlp){|lp~j l gb`d|pm pgb {djb~ljvpl"

Plv m bm plvDj `|lp~gb$ lb j{jvglb`gj plb`gddj$ nl pg dmp sgv|p {m)pllb m bm sgnj m bm vlig~l j m~vj `|lp~gb ip c|bnj)ilb~jd8 Z| lp dj sgnj= J|bz|l `jvl`limp nl |bjnlcgbg`gb gb`mb~vmslv~gnj$ pl lp~ nl j`|lvnm lb z|ldj sgnj gb`d|wl m~vjp bm~jp `jvj`~lvp~g`jp$ jib nl dj`j{j`gnjn nl vl{dg`j`gb" [mv lhli{dm$ |b plv sgsm pllb`|lb~vj lb |b lp~jngm `mi{vlbngnm lb~vl ld bj`g)iglb~m w dj i|lv~l1 pl p|{mbl ~jifgb z|l vlz|glvl j

`glv~j j|~mbmij fgmz|ig`j {jvj {vmn|`gv djp imd)`|djp w dj lblvej bl`lpjvgjp {jvj ijb~lblvpl" Lp~l bg)sld nl j|~mbmij vlp|d~j fpg`m lb dj ijwmvj nl djpnlcgbg`gmblp nl sgnj"

Jomvj fglb$ {|lnl nl`gvpl z|l dmp sgv|p {jvjpg~jb~mnmp dmp jp{l`~mp fgmimdl`|djvlp nl dj sgnj" Nl{lbnlbnl dj `d|dj o|p{ln {jvj `mbple|gv djp ij~lvgjp {vg)ijp w dj lblvej vlz|lvgnjp lb dj pb~lpgp nl `gnmpb|`dlg`mp$ dj pb~lpgp$ ld {vm`lpjiglb~m w ld ~vjbp{mv~lnl {vm~lbjp$ w lb ~mnjp djp nlip j`~gsgnjnlp fgm)z|ig`jp vldj`gmbjnjp `mb dj i|d~g{dg`j`gb w {vm{j)ej`gb svg`jp" \bm {mnvj lb~mb`lp `mb`d|gv z|l$ j|b`|jbnm lpmp {vm`lpmp m`|vvlb fjhm dj ngvl``gb nld sg)v|p$ p~l pdm {|lnl `mbpgnlvjvpl |b {jvpg~m gblv~l nlpgp~lijp il~jfdg`mp sgsmp" [lvm lb~vl dm z|l lp sgsmw dm z|l bm dm lp$ lxgp~l |b ji{dgm jfjbg`m nl {mpg)fgdgnjnlp"

\bj vm`j$ {mv lhli{dm$ bm {mpll sgnj1 ~ji{m`m$ |bpj`m il~jfdg`jilb~l j`~gsm$ nlp{vmsgp~m nl ij~lvgjdelb~g`m w nld {m~lb`gjd {jvj {vm{jejvpl" \bj fj`~l)vgj$ pgb lifjvem$ {mpll sgnj" [lpl j p| bj~|vjdlj |bg)`ld|djv$ elblvj dj lblvej w djp imd`|djp bl`lpjvgjp{jvj j|~mijb~lblvpl1 jnlip$ pl vl{vmn|`l" Z| nl)`gv nl |bj pligddj= ^jd sl bm {|nglvj `mbpgnlvjvplsgsj$ {lvm lb`glvvj ld {m~lb`gjd {jvj dj sgnj w {|lnlplv nlp~v|gnj" Lb lp~l plb~gnm$ dmp sgv|p e|jvnjb ij)

wmv plilhjbj `mb djp pligddjp z|l `mb djp `d|djp"^glblb |b {m~lb`gjd$ p~l {|lnl lx~gbe|gvpl w bm jd)`jbjb ld lp~jnm nl ijwmv j|~mbmij {vm{gm nl djsgnj"

Dj sgnj ~jifgb {|lnl lb~lbnlvpl `mim |bj {vm){glnjn lilvelb~l j {jv~gv nl |b `mbh|b~m nl ldlilb)~mp gblv~lp" Dj sgnj w dj `mb`glb`gj `mbp~g~|wlb lhli){dmp nl pgp~lijp `mi{dlhmp lilvelb~lp" Jifmp vlz|glvlb|b bgsld `v~g`m nl `mi{dlhgnjn m gb~lvj``gb {jvj jd)`jbjv p|p vlp{l`~gsmp lp~jnmp" \bj bl|vmbj {mv p pmdj$m gb`d|pm lb |bj vln nl blvsgmp$ bm {mpll `mbp`glb)`gj1 {jvj lddm pl bl`lpg~j dj `mi{dlhgnjn nld `lvlfvmlb~lvm" Gb`d|pm |b `lvlfvm o|ijbm gb~j`~m {|lnl lp)

[glbpjp z|l dj sgnj bm lp ip z|l bm lp~jvi|lv~m"

Elmvel Flvbjvn Poju$ Pjb~j H|jbj$ :760

Ld pgebgcg`jnm nl djp {jdjfvjp

SGO

Vlp|ilb-Jd fmvnl nl dj sgnj Dmp sgv|p pmb {jvpg~mp z|l fmvnljb dj cvmb~lvj lb)

~vl dm sgsm w dm gblv~l" @|lb~jb `mb dmp igpimp `g)nmp b|`dlg`mp w {vm~lbjp z|l `mbp~g~|wlb djp `d|)

djp sgsjp$ {lvm vlz|glvlb nl dj jw|nj nl p~jp{jvj vl{dg`jvpl w {vm{jejvpl"

N|vjb~l nl`lbgmp$ dmp lx{lv~mp ojb ngp`|~gnmj`lv`j nl pg dmp sgv|p lp~b sgsmp m bm" Lp~l nl)fj~l oj ngp~vjnm nl |bj `|lp~gb z|l vlsgp~l ij)wmv gi{mv~jb`gj8 ld {j{ld c|bnjilb~jd nl dmp sgv|plb dj lsmd|`gb"

Gbelb~lp `jb~gnjnlp nl sgv|p lp~b lb `mbp~jb~l{vm`lpm nl vl{dg`j`gb w i|~j`gb" @mbp~g~|wlb dj{vgb`g{jd c|lb~l nl gbbmsj`gb ebg`j" \b elblilvelb~l$ vlp{mbpjfdl nl |bj c|b`gb ~gd$ {|lnlgb`mv{mvjvpl jd elbmij nl dj `d|dj o|p{ln w lp)~jfdl`lv jdd p| vlpgnlb`gj {lvijblb~l"

V\PPLDD

AGEO^DLWP

`glb`l

[om~m

Dgfvjvw


59/99

~jv sgsm w `jvl`lv nl `mbp`glb`gj$ lp nl`gv$ lb lp~jnmnl i|lv~l `lvlfvjd" Nl cmvij pgigdjv$ bg elblp bg{vm~lbjp gbngsgn|jdlp$ pljb p~mp `ld|djvlp m svg`mp${mpllb sgnj {mv p igpimp" \bj `d|dj j dj z|l pl ojlx~gv{jnm ld b`dlm pl jplilhj jd lp~jnm `lvlfvjdilb~li|lv~m$ lb ld plb~gnm nl z|l `jvl`l nl {dlbj `mi{dl)hgnjn `v~ g`j" ^ji{m`m ld sgv|p jd`jbj ld bgsld `v~ g`mnl `mi{dlhgnjn" [mv ~jb~m$ dj sgnj lb p igpij `mvvlp){mbnl j |b lp~jnm `mi{dlhm w lilvelb~l$ {lvm `mbp~jnl dmp igpimp djnvgddmp fpg`mp z|l `mbp~g~|wlb |b sg)v|p" Nlpnl lp~j {lvp{l`~gsj$ dmp sgv|p$ j|bz|l bm ~m)~jdilb~l sgsmp$ {|lnlb `mbpgnlvjvpl jdem ip z|l ij)~lvgj gblv~l8 lp~b j |b {jpm nl dj sgnj"

Lb m`~|fvl nld jm {jpjnm$ pl {|fdg`jvmb `glv~mpnlp`|fvgiglb~mp z|l gd|p~vjb$ |bj sl ip$ `|b `lv`jnl dj sgnj {mnvjb ojddjvpl jde|bmp sgv|p" Ngnglv Vjm|d~w p| ev|{m$ nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nld Ilng~lvvblm lbIjvplddj$ `mi{dl~jvmb dj pl`|lb`gj`gb nld elbmijnld ijwmv sgv|p `mbm`gnm$ ld Igigsgv|p$ nlp`|fglv~mlb :776" Lp~l sgv|p$ nld ~jijm nl |bj fj`~lvgj {l)z|lj$ gbcl`~j djp jilfjp" Dmp gbslp~gejnmvlp nl~l`~j)vmb b|ilvmpmp elblp z|l pl p|{mbjb lx`d|pgsmp nl

mvejbgpimp `ld|djvlp" Jde|bmp nl lddmp {jv~g`g{jb lbdj pb~lpgp nl djp {vm~lbjp `mngcg`jnjp lb ld JNB s)vg`m w z|g cj`gdg~lb jd Igigsgv|p dj `mm{~j`gb nld

pgp~lij nl vl{dg`j`gb nl dj `d|dj o|p{ln" Lb dj m{g)bgb nl lp~mp lx{lv~mp$ dj lbmvil `mi{dlhgnjn nld`mi{dlilb~m elb~g`m nld Igigsgv|p nlpjcj dj cvmb)~lvj lp~jfdl`gnj lb~vl dmp sgv|p w dmp mvejbgpimp `ld|)djvlp {jvjpg~jnmp"

Gi{j`~m lb dj lsmd|`gbDj `mb~vmslvpgj lb ~mvbm j dj gb`d|pgb m bm nl dmp sg)v|p lb~vl dmp plvlp sgsmp bmp ddlsj j |bj {vle|b~j vjng)`jd8 `|d lp ld plb~gnm nl lp~l nlfj~l= Pl ~vj~j pdm nl|b lhlv`g`gm cgdmpcg`m$ nl lpevgij vl~vg`j pgb ~vjp)`lbnlb`gj lb dj vljdgnjn= Lb ig m{gbgb$ ld ~lij vl)sgp~l p|ij gi{mv~jb`gj$ {|lp~m z|l dj vlp{|lp~j gb)cd|wl lb b|lp~vj {lv`l{`gb nl dmp il`jbgpimp nl djlsmd|`gb"

Dmp sgv|p {mpllb p| {vm{gj ogp~mvgj lsmd|~gsj$ ~jbjb~ge|j z|l pl vlimb~j j dmp jdfmvlp nl dj sgnj `ld|)djv" Lb lpl ifg~m$ jde|bjp lbgijp nl vl{jvj`gb s)vg`jp z|l pl m`|{jb nl lp`gbngv w vlpgb~l~gjv JNBnjjnm$ w vl{jvjv djp dlpgmblp `j|pjnjp {mv vjng`jdlpnl mxelbm$ lb~vl m~vjp ~jvljp pmb lx`d|pgsmp nl jd)e|bmp sgv|p w ojb {lvijbl`gnm `jpg gbjd~lvjnmp j dm

djvem nl igdlp nl igddmblp nl jmp"Bm mfp~jb~l$ dmp lp~|ngmpmp nl dj lsmd|`gb pmp~gl)

blb$ lb p| ijwmvj$ z|l$ jd bm {mpllv sgnj$ `jvl`l nl



60/99

plb~gnm ~vjlvdmp j `mdj`gb {jvj lx{dg`jv ld {vm`lpmlsmd|~gsm" @mbpgnlvjb z|l dmp sgv|p {vm`lnlb nl elblpnld o|p{ln z|l lp`j{jvmb w jnz|gvglvmb |bj lbsmd~|vj{vm~lg`j" Nl j`|lvnm `mb lp~l lbcmz|l$ dmp sgv|p pmb

elblp nld o|p{ln c|eg~gsmp z|l ojb nlelblvjnm lb {jv)pg~mp" Jd nlp`jv~jvdmp jp nld lb~vjijnm nl dj sgnj$ djp`mb~vgf|`gmblp z|l p~mp ojwjb {mngnm vljdgjv jd mvg)elb nl djp lp{l`glp w jd ijb~lbgiglb~m nl dj sgnj plojb gebmvjnm" /J imnm nl fm~b nl i|lp~vj$ pdm `|j)

~vm nl djp :6;< {egbjp nl dj lng`gb nl 6;;6 nl ^olLb`w`dm{lngj mc Lsmd|~gmb lp~b nlng`jnjp j dmp sgv|p"'

Bg z|l nl`gv ~glbl z|l dmp fgdmemp lsmd|`gmbgp~jpbm bglejb z|l dmp sgv|p ojwjb nlpli{ljnm jdeb {j){ld lb dj lsmd|`gb" [lvm$ jd vl{|~jvdmp gbjbgijnmp$dlp jpgebjb ld igpim ~g{m nl gbcd|lb`gj z|l dmp `ji)fgmp `dgi~g`mp$ {mbejimp {mv `jpm" ^jdlp cj`~mvlplx~lvbmp pldl``gmbjb lb~vl gbngsgn|mp z|l {vlplb~jbngslvpgnjn nl vjpemp$ `mb~vmdjnmp elb~g`jilb~l8 dmpip `j{j`g~jnmp {jvj p|{lvjv lp~mp vl~mp w pmfvlsgsgvpl vl{vmn|`gvb `mb xg~m ijwmv w$ {mv ~jb~m$ ~vjbp)ig~gvb p|p elblp j djp elblvj`gmblp pge|glb~lp"

[lvm dmp sgv|p gb~lv`jifgjb gbcmvij`gb elb~g`j ng)vl`~jilb~l `mb dmp mvejbgpimp$ sjdl nl`gv$ nlb~vm nldj {vm{gj vln nl dj sgnj" J dmp ing`mp$ j dmp {vm{gmplx{lv~mp lb lsmd|`gb$ dlp pmv{vlbnl z|l dj ijwmvjnl dmp sgv|p `mbm`gnmp bm pljb {j~elbmp$ pgbm {lv)pgp~lb~lp l gbm`|mp" Lp~jfdl`lb p| vlpgnlb`gj lb djp `)d|djp$ nmbnl n|lvilb n|vjb~l djvemp {lvmnmp m plj{vmsl`ojb nld j{jvj~m nl vl{dg`j`gb `ld|djv {jvji|d~g{dg`jvpl j |b vg~im dlb~m w `mbp~jb~l" Lp~mp sgv|pojb nlpjvvmddjnm b|ilvmpjp lp~vj~legjp {jvj lsg~jv z|l

ld pgp~lij gbi|bg~jvgm nld o|p{ln dlp nl~l`~l8 {|lnlbjd~lvjv m `mb~vmdjv$ ilngjb~l p|p elblp$ `jnj l~j{j nld{vm`lpm gbi|bg~jvgm"

Jnlip$ ld elbmij nl |b sgv|p /p| nm~j`gb `mi){dl~j nl JNB m JVB' `mdmbgj p| o|p{ln nl cmvij


61/99

{lvijblb~l$ jjnglbnm elblp svg`mp j dj {vmelbgl nldo|p{ln w `mbsgv~gbnmpl$ {mv cgb$ lb |bj {jv~l c|b)njilb~jd nld elbmij nl dj lp{l`gl gbcl`~jnj" [mv~jb~m$ dmp lcl`~mp nl dmp sgv|p vlp|d~jb pgb n|nj ipv{gnmp w ngvl`~mp z|l dmp lhlv`gnmp {mv c|lvjp lx~lv)bjp z|l pdm pldl``gmbjb lb~vl sjvgj`gmblp elb~g`jpgb~lvbjp$ elblvjnjp `mb ijwmv {jvpgimbgj" ^jb {vm)c|pj {mfdj`gb$ `mifgbjnj `mb |bj ldlsjnj sldm`gnjnnl vl{dg`j`gb w i|~j`gb$ `mbsglv~l j dmp sgv|p lb dj{vgb`g{jd c|lb~l nl gbbmsj`gb elb~g`j8 gbslb~jb b|l)smp elblp `mbp~jb~lilb~l" D|lem$ lp~mp elblp svg`mp{|lnlb sgjhjv$ jd`jbjbnm m~vmp mvejbgpimp w `mb~vg)f|wlbnm jd `jifgm lsmd|~gsm"

Pleb dmp nj~mp {|fdg`jnmp {mv ld @mbpmv`gmGb~lvbj`gmbjd {jvj dj Pl`|lb`gj`gb nld ElbmijO|ijbm$ pl ojb gnlb~gcg`jnm lb~vl ::0 w 660 elblpz|l lp~b {vlplb~lp lb fj`~lvgjp w lb o|ijbmp$ {lvmbm lb m~vmp mvejbgpimp pg~|jnmp lb~vl lp~mp nmp lx)~vlimp lsmd|~gsmp1 bmp vlclvgimp j mvejbgpimp `mbdmp z|l lp~jimp i|w cjigdgjvgjnmp8 dj dlsjn|vjPj`òjvmiw`lp `lvlsgpgjl$ dj imp`j nld sgbjevlNvmpm{ogdj ildjbmejp~lvw ld bli~mnm @jlbmvojfng~gp

ldlejbp" Jde|bmp lx{lv~mp ojb ddlejnm j {lbpjv z|llp~mp mvejbgpimp$ j{jvl`gnmp ip ~jvnl z|l djp fj`)~lvgjp w jb~lp z|l dmp slv~lfvjnmp$ {lvnglvmb ngòmpelblp lb jdeb imilb~m nl p| ogp~mvgj lsmd|~gsj" M~vmpp|eglvlb z|l dmp elblp lb `|lp~gb ojb pgnm ~vjbpcl)vgnmp ngvl`~jilb~l jd dgbjhl o|ijbm {mv dj j``gb nlfj`~lvgjp gbsjpmvjp"

@mb ig `mi{jlvm Sg`~mv NlCgdg{{gp$ nld Gbp~g~|~m{jvj djp Sj`|bjp w dj ^lvj{gj Ebg`j nl dj \bgslvpgnjnnl Mvleb$ jsjb` |bj ~lv`lvj sj8 dmp sgv|p {|nglvmbojflv mvgegbjnm lpmp elblp w$ d|lem$ `mdmbgjnm nmpdgbjhlp ngclvlb~lp {mv lhli{dm$ fj`~lvgjp w slv~lfvj)nmp" Jp$ |b elb z|l j{jvlb~lilb~l djp fj`~lvgjp nm)bjvmb j dmp o|ijbmp$ z|g dm vl`gfglvjb jifmp nl |bsgv|p"

[ogdg{ Fldd$ nl dj \bgslvpgnjn Ij`z|jvgl lb Pwnblw$ld j|~mv w m~vmp pmp~glblb z|l ld {vm{gm b`dlm `ld|)djv lp nl mvgelb svg`m" Dj {mplpgb nld b`dlm z|lpl{jvj nl dmp {vm`jvgm~jp$ `mim djp fj`~lvgjp$ j dmpl|`jvgm~jp /mvejbgpimp `|wjp `d|djp lp~b nm~jnjp nl|b b`dlm elb|gbm' bm pl lx{dg`j pdm {mv dj ilvjjnj{~j`gb evjn|jd nl djp `d|djp {vm`jvgm~jp ojp~j`mbslv~gvpl lb l|`jvgm~jp" Jb~lp fglb$ ld b`dlm {mnvjojflv lsmd|`gmbjnm j {jv~gv nl |b evjb sgv|p nl JNB$z|l lp~jfdl`g p| vlpgnlb`gj {lvijblb~l lb ld gb~lvgmvnl dmp {vm`jvgm~jp" Jfmbjb lp~j og{~lpgp `glv~jp pl)`|lb`gjp ebg`jp1 i|lp~vjb z|l ld elb `mngcg`jnmv nl

|bj JNB {mdgilvjpj /|bj lbgij z|l `m{gj JNB' lbld sgv|p ^>$ jelb~l gbcl``gmpm nl fj`~lvgjp$ e|jvnj lp)~vlòj plilhjbj `mb m~vmp elblp nl JNB {mdgilvjpjojddjnmp lb l|`jvgm~jp jp `mim lb dmp sgv|p z|l dmpgbcl`~jb" [j~vgà Cmv~lvvl$ nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nl [jvp)P|v$ ~vjp jbjdgjv lbgijp vlp{mbpjfdlp nl dj vl{dg`j)`gb nld JNB$ oj ddlejnm j dj `mb`d|pgb nl z|l ldmvgelb nl dmp elblp z|l `mngcg`jb ~jdlp lbgijp lbl|`jvgm~jp lp$ `mb ~mnj {vmfjfgdgnjn$ svg`m"

Nlpnl dmp mvejbgpimp |bg`ld|djvlp ojp~j djp {mfdj)`gmblp o|ijbjp$ dmp sgv|p gb`gnlb lb ~mnjp djp cmvijpnl sgnj$ j ilb|nm nl~lvigbjbnm z| lp dm z|l pmfvl)sgsl" ^jifgb dmp {vm{gmp sgv|p lsmd|`gmbjb" Nl ol)

òm$ dmp sgv|p lilvelb~lp ld SGO): `j|pjb~l nldpgnj$ {mv lhli{dm `mbp~g~|wlb djp bg`jp lb~gnjnlpfgmdeg`jp z|l mcvl`lb dj m{mv~|bgnjn nl {vlplb`gjv p|j{jvg`gb w$ {mv ~jb~m$ nl `mb~li{djv dj lsmd|`gb lb~gli{m vljd"

Dmp sgv|p vlsgp~lb p|ij gi{mv~jb`gj {jvj dj sgnj"@mbp~g~|wlb |bj cvmb~lvj lb `mbp~jb~l `jifgm lb~vl ldi|bnm nl dj fgmdmej w ld nl dj z|ig`j" J ilngnjz|l sjimp nlplb~vjjbnm ld elbmij nl |b bilvm`vl`glb~l nl mvejbgpimp$ gvb pjdglbnm j dj d| djpj{mv~j`gmblp nl lp~l ngbig`m j`lvsm ebg`m$ jb~gz|)pgim" Pjdsjnmv D|vgj$ {vligm Bmfld$ vlcdlxgmbjfj wjlb :7


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LD IG@VM[VM@LPJNMV NLD C\^\VM z|g pl `mi|bgz|l `mb ldvlp~m nld mvnlbjnmv {mv d| w {mv ldl`~vg`gnjn" Dj `mifgbj`gb nlngp{mpg~gsmp vl`gb gbslb~jnmp dplvlp nl ig`vm`jsgnjn$ imn|dj)nmvlp {~g`mp nl pgdg`gm w `md|ibjp ~vjbpd`gnjp nl {mdilvm${lvig~gvj |b ~vjpdjnm gb`lpjb~l nl fg~p nlpnl ld nmigbgm ldl`~v)bg`m jd {~g`m$ w sg`lslvpj"


63/99

Dj sldm`gnjn nl dmp ig`vm{vm`lpjnmvlp sglbl {vmevlpjbnm nlpnl :77< ip nl{vgpjz|l dj nl dmp nlip `mi{mblb~lp nld mvnlbjnmv" Dmp {vm`lpjnmvlp ip jsjbj)nmp lhl`|~jb gbp~v|` gmblp j |b vg~im nl 0$3 egejolv~ /EO' w$ jd nmfdl nl lpjsldm`gnjn$ `glv~jp m{lvj`gmblp$ `mim djp jvg~i~g`jp" [lvm djp `mblxgmblp nl dj{dj`j ijnvl lb~vl ld {vm`lpjnmv w dmp òg{p nl ilimvgj w m~vjp {gljp nld pgp)~lij {vm`lnlb `mim i|òm j : EO" Ld `lvlfvm nl dj iz|gbj {jpj ld 5< {mv

`glb~m nl p| ~gli{m m`gmpm$ j dj lp{lvj nl z|l dl ddle|lb djp gbp~v|``gmblp w nj~mp vl~l)bgnmp lb ld ~vcg`m j~jp`jnm"

Oj`l wj ~vlp jmp$ Jb~ombw C" H" Dlsw$ nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nld P|v nl @jdgcmvbgj$ jcgv)ijfj$ lb |b jbdgpgp nl~jddjnm$ z|l ld nlplz|gdgfvgm nl {vlp~j`gmblp lb~vl ld ig`vm{vm`l)pjnmv w ld j``lpm j dj ilimvgj ddlejv lb |bmp jmp j plv gbpmp~lbgfdl" Pljdjfj z|l ldij~lvgjd {dp~g`m nl djp {dj`jp nl `gv`|g~m gi{vlpm p|``gmbj djp jd~jp cvl`|lb`gjp8 {mv `jnjj|ilb~m nl 6 EO lb dj jbò|vj nl fjbnj nl dj pljd ld`~vg`j$ dj gb~lbpgnjn nl dj pljdpl vln|`l j dj n`gij {jv~l" Jd `vl`lv dj cvl`|lb`gj nl vldmh$ ~jifgb dm oj`lb ld `mbp|imnl lblvej$ ld `jdmv ngpg{jnm w dj gb~lvclvlb`gj ldl`~vmijeb~g`j" Lp~jp `mbp~g~|wlb ~vlp nldjp {lmvlp {lpjngddjp nl dmp gbelbglvmp nl pgp~lijp" [mv m~vm djnm$ ld ev|{m gbn|p~vgjdGb~lvbj~gmbjd Plij~lò {vlng`l z|l dmp lbdj`lp lb~vl {vm`lpjnmv w {lvgcvg`mp ~lbnvb z|ljnig~gv 6 EO ip `jnj nmp jmp$ {jvj z|l bm li{lmvl dj `mbelp~gb lxgp~lb~l"

Igòjld Imvpl$ gbslp~gejnmv nl cm~bg`j lb Gb~ld$ `vll z|l pl ddlejv j dmp 6; EO `mb`mbn|`~mvlp nl ojp~j


64/99

{dj`j ijnvl z|l dmp `mbl`~j j dmpngslvpmp {lvgcvg`mp lb~lvjilb~lldl`~vbg`m"

Dj vjb lp i|w plb`gddj8 djp `m)blxgmblp {~g`jp pmb i|`om ip v){gnjp z|l dmp ogdmp w djp {gp~jp nl`mfvl$ {lvm ~jifgb `|lp~jb nl :;j :;; sl`lp ip" Lb j{dg`j`gmblp`mim dj `mbi|~j`gb nl igdlp nlddjijnjp ~ldlcbg`jp m dj lx{lng`gb{mv Gb~lvbl~ nl igdlp nl igddmblp nl{jz|l~lp nl nj~mp$ dj ijwmv `j{j`g)njn jb|dj dmp gb`mbslbglb~lp nld`mp~l" [mv ~jd im~gsm$ djp `mi|bg)`j`gmblp nl djvej ngp~jb`gj lb dmp{jplp vg`mp sjb omw {mv cgfvj {)~g`j" W {mv dj igpij vjb$ @gp`moj gbslv~gnm lb dmp d~gimp `|j~vmjmp


65/99


[VLPLB^L W C\^\VM NLD MVNLBJNMV CM^MBG@MDmp mvnlbjnmvlp j`~|jdlp |~gdgjb wj ngp{mpg~gsmp {~g`mp {jvj ngslvpjp ~jvljp {lvgcvg`jp" [lvm nl jz| lb |bmp ngl jmp$ojfv `mi{mblb~lp cm~bg`mp$ ~mnjsj lb cjpl nl djfmvj~mvgm m wj {vxgimp jd ilv`jnm$ lb ld b`dlm nl djp iz|gbjp"

J@^\JD8 Dmp ig`vm{vm`lpjnmvlp c|b`gmbjb j ip nl 0 EO$ {lvm ojb nllp{lvjv m`gmpmp j vl`gfgv dmp nj~mp nl dj VJI j pdm ;$> EO" Dmp {vm`l)pjnmvlp imnlvbmp {|lnlb lx~vjlv nj~mp nl dj ilimvgj {mv id~g{dlp ogdmp$

dmevjbnm |bj `j{j`gnjn edmfjd nl ojp~j pl

{vlplb~jvmb |bjp {dj`jp {~g`jpz|l lp~jfdl`lb `mblxgmblp il)ngjb~l mbnjp d|igbmpjp j ~vjspnl `jbjdlp nl {dp~g`m pmfvl{dj`jp nl `gv`|g~m" C|b`gmbjbj ? Ef-p {mv `jnj e|gjmbnj

J@^\JD8 Djp vlnlp nl cgfvj {~g`j m{lvjb j sldm`gnj)nlp nl ojp~j :; Ef-p$ {lvm dj ijwmvj nl dmp mvnlbj)nmvlp |~gdgjb `mblxgmblp L~olvbl~$ ip l`mbig`jp$

nl ;$: Ef-p

LB [VM^M^G[M8 Evj`gjp j dmp imn|djnmvlp {~g`mpnl pgdg`gm mbp~v|gnmp {mv Gb~ld {mnvj ojflv vlnlp {~g)`jp nl `mp~l jplz|gfdl `mb sldm`gnjnlp nl 6$< ojp~j:; Ef-p

J@^\JD8 Ld vj~b$ dj sgnlm`ijvj w m~vmp |~lbpgdgmp pl`mbl`~jb {mv \PF 6"; jd mvnlbjnmv$ j |bmp ;$>? Ef-pw ngp~jb`gjp nl ojp~j `gb`m il~vmp

LB [VMN\@@GMB8 Dmp `mbl`~mvlp nl cgfvj {~g`j z|lcjfvg`j _jbm{~gx$ nl |b {vl`gm ldlsjnm$ {|lnlb ~vjbpcl)vgv nj~mp j 6>< Ef-p j ngp~jb`gjp nl ojp~j


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dj Jelb`gj nl [vmwl`~mp nl Gbslp)~gej`gb Jsjbjnj {jvj dj Nlclbpj/NJV[J'$ dj `mbp~jb~l ilhmvj nldjp {vlp~j`gmblp nld pgdg`gm oj`l z|l`mi{l~gv `mb~vj @IMP plj `mim`mvvlv nldjb~l nl |b ~vlb8 j`jfjv{mv j~vm{lddjvbmp"

[jvj z|l dj cm~bg`j ddle|l jdebnj j gbp~j|vjvpl lb {dj`jp ijnvlnl `glb l|vmp$ ~lbnv z|l p|fgvpl jd~vlb @IMP" Nl jo z|l evjb {jv~lnl dj gbslp~gej`gb pmfvl `mi{|~j)`gb {~g`j nl dmp d~gimp jmp plojwj nlng`jnm j f|p`jv {vm`lpmpnl gb~levj`gb nl ngp{mpg~gsmp ldl`)~vbg`mp w cm~bg`mp `mi{j~gfdlp `mbdj ~`bg`j @IMP" W lp~l lbcmz|l`miglbj j njv cv|~mp"

Oj`l j{lbjp nmp jmp$ bjngl o|)fglvj {mngnm gijegbjv z|l ddlejvj)imp jd {|b~m lb z|l bmp lb`mb~vj)imp$ ng`l Pjdsj~mvl @mccj$ ngvl`~mv

nld djfmvj~mvgm nl cm~bg`j nld pgdg)`gm nl PÎg`vmldl`~vmbg`p$ lb @j~j)bgj" @vll z|l pj`jvb {vmb~m jd ilv)`jnm ld {vgilv ngp{mpg~gsm nl pgdg`gmnm~jnm nl c|b`gmblp {~g`jp"

Pgli{vl @IMPOjw jd ilbmp ~vlp `jigbmp {jvjz|l dmp `mi{mblb~lp cm~bg`mp p|)fjb jd ~vlb @IMP" [mv `jnj |bmnl lddmp pl ojb dmevjnm jsjb`lp `mb)pgnlvjfdlp" Ld lbcmz|l ip `mbplv)sjnmv$ dj gb~levj`gb ofvgnj$ lp ldip `lv`jbm jd xg~m `milv`gjd$ {|lpwj oj `mbple|gnm cjfvg`jv òg{p {jvjdj gbn|p~vgj nl ~ldl`mi|bg`j`gmblp"

Lb |b ngp{mpg~gsm ofvgnm$ dmp ig)`vmòg{p nl pgdg`gm `mb c|b`gmblp d)eg`jp pl j{gjb lb |b {lz|lm lb)`j{p|djnm z|l ~jifgb lb`glvvj òg{pGGG)S$ vlp{mbpjfdlp nl ~mnjp djp ~j)vljp {~g`jp" Ojfvj z|l imngcg`jvplbpgfdlilb~l |bj cj`~mvj @IMP{jvj z|l p| ngvl``gb `mbpgb~glvjz|l ld jvplbg|vm nl ejdgm m ld cmp)c|vm nl gbngm pl j`lv`jplb j |b |~g)ddjhl z|l `|lp~j igdlp nl igddmblp

nl l|vmp1 lpjp p|p~jb`gjp {|lnlb`mb~jigbjv dj dblj nl {vmn|``gbnl dmp `mi{mblb~lp nl pgdg`gm" [lvm`jfl cjfvg`jv djp nmp ig~jnlp nldngp{mpg~gsm ofvgnm lb gbp~jdj`gmblppl{jvjnjp w lbpjifdjvdjp nlp{|p"

_jbm{~gx$ b|lsj li{vlpj nl Ilvvg)ijà$ Blu Oji{pogvl$ oj j{dg`jnmlp~j ~`bg`j {jvj j`m{djv dplvlp nljvplbg|vm nl ejdgm j òg{p `mb~vm)djnmvlp nl pgdg`gm" [mv lpj sj oj`vljnm |b `mbl`~mv {~g`m nld ~j)ijm nl |b nlnm {|dejv w nl jp)

3> GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;< Ef-pj ~vjsp nl |b oj nl 56 cgfvjp {)~g`jp$ bm ip jbòm z|l |b d{g"

Ld lbcmz|l ofvgnm ~vm{glj$ pgblifjvem$ `mb |b {vmfdlij j djvem{djm8 `|jb~m ip v{gnmp pljb dmpig`vm{vm`lpjnmvlp$ ip pl `jdlb)~jvb" Lb dmp {|b~mp ip `jdglb~lpnl jde|bmp òg{p wj pl p|{lvjb dmp?; evjnmp `lb~evjnmp$ w j lpj ~li){lvj~|vj dmp dplvlp GGG)S li{gljbj z|lijvpl" [mv ~jd im~gsm$ dmp òg{pm{~mldl`~vbg`mp ofvgnmp ~lbnvjbp| d|ejv lb `mbl`~mvlp lx~lvgmvlp wngp{mpg~gsmp {lvgcvg`mp ip dlb~mp$bm lb ld b`dlm nld mvnlbjnmv"

Gb~ld oj mvnlbjnm j p|p `glb~cg)`mp z|l pl j~lbejb j @IMP$ `mb

dj lp{lvjbj nl {mnlv gb`mv{mvjvjdeb nj$ pgb jfjbnmbjv p|p cfvg)`jp j`~|jdlp$ pgp~lijp cm~bg`mp `mi){dl~mp lb dmp òg{p nl dmp ig`vm{vm)`lpjnmvlp m nl djp {dj`jp ijnvl" @mbigvjp j lp~l ~g{m nl gb~levj`gb$ddjijnm imbmd~g`m$ pl oj gb~lb~j)nm z|l ld pgdg`gm w jde|bmp m~vmp ldl)ilb~mp jcgblp j dj ~`bg`j @IMPlig~jb$ ijbg{|dlb w nl~l`~lb d|"

Ld pgdg`gm {jvl`l `jvl`lv nl djbj~|vjdlj `|b~g`j gbngp{lbpjfdl{jvj elblvjv d|" Ld ev|{m nl @mccjlb PÎg`vmldl`~vmbg`p oj lb`mb)~vjnm |b imnm nl pjdsjv {jv~l nllpl mfp~`|dm" Ilngjb~l dj gbc|pgbnl {lz|ljp nmpgp nl `lvgm m lvfgmlb |bj `j{j nl ngxgnm nl pgdg`gm`mb bjbm`vgp~jdlp nl pgdg`gm$ ojb`mbp~v|gnm òg{p z|l d|`lb lb slvnlm j|d `|jbnm pl dlp j{dg`j |b smd)~jhl {lz|lm" [|lp~m z|l p| d|ig)bgp`lb`gj bm lp `molvlb~l$ bm pmbdplvlp$ pgbm ngmnmp cm~mligpmvlp/DLN'1 lpm p$ vlp|d~jb ~jb lcg`glb)~lp$ pmp~glbl @mccj$ `mim dmp DLNnl jvplbg|vm nl ejdgm$ `mb dj slb)

~jhj nl z|l p| `mi{j~gfgdgnjn `mbdj ~`bg`j @IMP {lvig~l gb`mv{m)vjvdmp ngvl`~jilb~l j lz|g{mp ldl`)~vbg`mp wj lxgp~lb~lp" PÎg`vm)dl`~vmbg`p {vmwl`~j {mblv {vmb~m jdj slb~j |bmp j`m{djnmvlp {~g`mpnl pgdg`gm ilngjb~l dmp `|jdlp {mnvb`mb~vmdjvpl {mv mvnlbjnmv lz|g{mpnl jd~j ~lbpgb" QLb lblvm$ |b lz|g{mnl Gb~ld jb|b`gjfj dj `mbpl`|`gbnl |b dplv pdm nl pg`gdgm$ lb |bbg`m òg{" Pl fjpj lb |bj e|j nlmbnjp lb cmvij nl P$ `mbp~v|gnj mb

djp ~`bg`jp cm~mdg~mevcg`jp w nl evj)fjnm mvngbjvgjp" Lpm p$ pdm {|lnlijb~lblv p| c|b`gmbjiglb~m n|vjb~l`glb bjbmple|bnmp"Y

Dmp DLN nl pgdg`gm sjdnvjb ~ji)fgb nl c|lb~l d|igbmpj {jvj |b d)plv `mi{j~gfdl `mb @IMP z|l j{vgb`g{gmp nld 6;;> {vlplb~jvmb AlvvwH" Sjojdj w p|p `mdjfmvjnmvlp nldGbp~g~|~m ^l`bmdeg`m nl @jdgcmvbgj"Sjojdj w m~vmp gbslp~gejnmvlp ojblp~jnm oj`glbnm {v|lfjp `mb ngp`mpig`vmp`{g`mp nl ngxgnm nl pgdg`gm`mdm`jnmp pmfvl `md|ibjp nl pgdg`gm"@mb dmp fmvnlp p|jsgjnmp w ld ng)il~vm i|w `mb~vmdjnm$ lp~mp ngp`mpsglblb j plv ld lz|gsjdlb~l {~g`mnl |bj nl lpjp pjdjp nmbnl pl lp)`|òj lb |bj {jvln dm p|p|vvjnm lbld m~vm lx~vlim" [jv~l nl dj d| z|l{jpj {mv |bj cgfvj {~g`j `mb~ge|jlp`j{j jd ngp`m w dm vmnlj {mv ld

fmvnl |bj w m~vj sl1 p| gb~lbpgnjnpl ji{dgcg`j ip nl |b igddb nlsl`lp /sjpl ld vl`|jnvm Djp e|jpnl mbnjp' jb~lp nl plv lig~gnj mimd| dplv"

Djp c|lb~lp bm `molvlb~lp$ `mimdmp DLN$ plvsgvjb {jvj gbwl`~jv d|j dmp ngp`mp$ m fglb {jvj {|vgcg`jvdj d| dplv z|l ddle|l jd òg{ nlpnlc|lvj$ vlelblvjvdj `|jbnm pl ojwjj~lb|jnm w pgb~mbgjvdj lb |bj b|lsjdmbeg~|n nl mbnj" Lb sl nl pmil)~lv dmp ngp`mp j |b {vm`lpm nl evj)fj`gb$ lx{dg`j Sjojdj$ pl {mnvjb`vljv lb lddmp `jsgnjnlp" Lb ld `mb)~mvbm gb~lvgmv nl `jnj mz|lnjn plcmvijvj |b dplv" @mb lddm pl cj`g)dg~jvj dj `mblxgb nl dmp ngp{mpg~g)smp j dmp e|gjmbnjp /e|jp nl mb)njp' w m~vmp `mi{mblb~lp cm~bg`mpnl dj p|{lvcg`gl" Lp~mp dplvlp nl ig)`vm`jsgnjn {mnvjb elblvjv pljdlp{mv~jnmvjp nl dj gbcmvij`gb z|llig~j ld òg{"

[jvj {mpgfgdg~jvdm$ pl bl`lpg~j oj)ddjv |b imnm nl ~vjbpclvgv dj gbcmv)ij`gb nl |b cmvij~m ldl`~vbg`m

j |bm {~g`m" Ojp~j 6;;>$ ld pgdg`gmpl {vlp~jfj ijd j lp~l `mil~gnm1pdm mcvl`j |bj ijbg{|dj`gb dlb~jl gblp~jfdl nl dj d|" [lvm lb cl)fvlvm nl lpl jm ld ev|{m nl [jbg``gjnlp`|fvg |bj ijblvj nl sjdlvpl nldpgdg`gm {jvj imn|djv |b oj dplvlp nl`gv$ {jvj z|l {jv{jnll lbcjpl `mb |bj pljd ngeg~jd `mb |bjvj{gnl `gb`|lb~j sl`lp ijwmv"

Lb ld djfmvj~mvgm nl M{~g`j :Jnld @lb~vm nl Gbslp~gej`gb nl Gb~ldlb Pjb~j @djvj$ [jbg``gj {|lnl wj

lxogfgv |b òg{ nl pgdg`gm$ bm ij)wmv z|l |b plddm nl `mvvlmp$ z|l`mb~glbl jdvlnlnmv nl :;; imn|dj)nmvlp" [|lnl slvpl jdd lb c|b`gm)bjiglb~m |b imn|djnmv nl lpjp `j)vj`~lvp~g`jp8 |b mvnlbjnmv$ j ilngnjz|l {vm`lpj ld ~vlb nl pljdlp nlsnlm nl |b NSN nl jd~j nlcgbg`gb$sj lbsgjbnm |bj `m{gj nl `jnj fg~{mv |b `jfdl L~olvbl~ oj`gj |bjigbp`|dj {dj`j nl `gv`|g~mp nmbnlsj gbp~jdjnm ld imn|djnmv"

[lpl j plv lx`g~jnm {mv dplv$ ldngp{mpg~gsm m{lvj pleb ld igpim{vgb`g{gm z|l |b vl`l{~mv nl vjngmnl ji{dg~|n imn|djnj Qsjpl dj gd|p)~vj`gb `mvvlp{mbnglb~l lb ld vl)`|jnvm Djp e|jp nl mbnjpY" Ldoj dplv ig`vmp`{g`m pl ngsgnl

lb nmp vjijp1 fjhm `jnj vjij ojw|b `mbnlbpjnmv @IMP lb `mbl)xgb ld`~vg`j `mb ld `jfdl L~olvbl~z|l jdij`lbj w dgflvj ldl`~vg`gnjnlp~~g`j" @|jbnm lpjp vlegmblp jn)z|glvlb |bj `jvej ldlsjnj$ dmp ldl`)~vmblp gb~lvj``gmbjb `mb dj d|" Jdvl|bgvpl jifjp ig~jnlp$ djp `vlp~jpw dmp sjddlp nl djp mbnjp pl gb~lv)cglvlb$ dm z|l {vmsm`j dj ligpgb${mv ld oj nl pjdgnj$ nl |bmp gi){|dpmp nl gnb~g`j `mbcge|vj`gb jdj nl dmp fg~p nld ~vlb nl snlm"

33 GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;


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Lb dj vlp{|lp~j pgp~ig`j jnz|g)vgnj gb~lvsglbl dj j``gb nl dj cl)bgdjdjbgbj jimbgmdgjpj" Lp~j lbg)ij `j~jdgj ld {vgilv {jpm lb djfgmpb~lpgp nl dmp clbgd{vm{jbmgnlpw dj {vmn|``gb nl `gnm pjdg`dg`m/|b nlvgsjnm nl lp~j sj'$ ld `|jdvle|dj dmp bgsldlp nl il~jfmdg~mpdj~lvjdlp nl dj sj nl dmp clbgd{vm){jbmgnlp$ ~jdlp `mim ld `gnm `dm)vmebg`m" J p| sl$ dmp {vmn|`~mpdj~lvjdlp imngcg`jb ld pjfmv w djngp{mbgfgdgnjn nl dj {djb~j {jvjdmp gbpl`~mp"

Lxgp~l |bj lp~vl`oj vldj`gb lb)~vl dmp bgsldlp nl `gnm hjpibg`mw dmp nl `gnm pjdg`dg`m" Pleb {j)vl`l$ dmp bgsldlp ldlsjnmp nl pjdg)`gdj~m gbogflb dj pb~lpgp nl `gnmhjpibg`m w dj `j{j`gnjn nl dj {djb~j{jvj vlp{mbnlv j djp pljdlp {vmsl)bglb~lp nl |bj olvgnj" [lvm ld `gnmhjpibg`m fdmz|lj dj `j{j`gnjn nld`gnm pjdg`dg`m {jvj {vmn|`gv {vm)

~lbjp gbn|`gnjp {mv {j~elbmp"Lb vlp{|lp~j j dj olvfgsmvj pl

elblvj |bj j`|i|dj`gb nl ~vjbp)`vg{~mp ngp~gb~j nl dj cmvijnj jb~lld njm il`bg`m" Ld `gnm hjpi)bg`m nlpli{lj |b {j{ld `lb~vjdlb dj j`|i|dj`gb nl ~vjbp`vg{~mplb {djb~jp lx{|lp~jp j olvfsmvmp"\b lp~|ngm nl ig`vmogdlvjp lbJvjfgnm{pgp ~ojdgjbj imp~v z|l ipnl 5;; JVBi pmb jcl`~jnmp n|vjb~ldj vlp{|lp~j j dmp olvfsmvmp" LbBg`m~gjbj j~~lb|j~j$ jdvlnlnmv nl


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w jnj{~j`gb$ m~vmp gbpl`~mp pl pgv)slb nl p| `j{j`gnjn {jvj p|{vgigvdj vlp{|lp~j nl nlclbpj jpm`gjnj `mbdj olvgnj"

[lvp{l`~gsjp@mb cvl`|lb`gj pl {vm{mblb i~m)nmp nl `mb~vmd fgmdeg`m `mim jd)~lvbj~gsj j dmp gbpl`~g`gnjp pgb~~g)`mp$ {jvj jp vln|`gv p| gi{j`~m lbld ilngm jev`mdj" Lb lp~l `mb~lx~m$pl `mbcj lb dmp lbligemp bj~|vj)dlp nl djp {djejp {jvj dgig~jv ld njmm`jpgmbjnm j dmp `|d~gsmp" Pgb li)fjvem$ bm nlfl mdsgnjvpl z|l dmpmvejbgpimp sgslb lb |b `mb~lx~mi|d~g~vcg`m$ fjpjnm lb gb~lvj``gm)blp z|gigmfgmdeg`jp$ w ojb lsmd|)`gmbjnm lb lpl ~vjpcmbnm" [mv dm~jb~m$ ng`oj ilngnj$ j|bz|l nlplj)fdl$ `mbddlsj `mi{dlhgnjnlp w z|gpmv{vlpjp"

Dmp {vmevlpmp jd`jbjnmp lb ld`mbm`giglb~m nl djp vlp{|lp~jp gb)n|`gnjp lb djp {djb~jp w p| vle|)dj`gb$ h|b~m `mb dj vlsmd|`gb lbelbig`j w {vm~lig`j$ {vmil~lbvl{djb~ljv dj gbslp~gej`gb lb lp~l

`ji{m {jvj lb`jigbjvdj oj`gj djlx{dm~j`gb {vlnl`gfdl nl dmp il)`jbgpimp nl vlpgp~lb`gj lbnelbj"[jvj `mi{vlbnlv djp gb~lvj``gmblp{djb~j)ig`vmmvejbgpim)gbpl`~m lbdj bj~|vjdlj w lb dmp l`mpgp~lijpjev`mdjp$ pl vlz|glvl ijwmv gbcmv)ij`gb pmfvl dj cgpgmdmej w dj elb)ig`j nl dmp gbpl`~mp w pmfvl p|elb~g`j {mfdj`gmbjd" \bj gbcmv)ij`gb z|l vlslp~gv {jv~g`|djv gb)~lvp {jvj vln|`gv dj sldm`gnjn j dj`|jd dmp gbpl`~mp olvfsmvmp jn)z|glvlb ~mdlvjb`gj bj~|vjd j djp {djb)~jp ~vjbpebg`jp"

Ld l~gdlbm w dmp `gnmp pjdg`dg`mw hjpibg`m bm j`~gsjb dmp pgp~l)ijp nl nlclbpj nl dj {djb~j lbcmvij gbnl{lbnglb~l j ~vjsp nl`jp`jnjp dgbljdlp$ pgbm j ~vjsp nl`mi{dlhjp vlnlp il~jfdg`jp w elb)~g`jp z|l nl~lvigbjb vlp{|lp~jp

lp{l`cg`jp" Ld `mbm`giglb~m nl lp)~jp gb~lvj``gmblp {|lnl j{dg`jvpl lbld c|~|vm j |b ngplm vj`gmbjd nl{djb~jp ~vjbpebg`jp `mb vlpgp~lb)`gj j djp lbclvilnjnlp w j dmp gb)pl`~mp"

GBSLP^GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;< 5?5)

>7)6331 6;;>"

Dmp j|~mvlp

Fgfdgmevjcj `mi{dlilb~jvgj


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Gijegblimp z|l ld ijv oj nlpj{jvl`gnmjb~l dj {djwj w pl bmp {lvig~l lx{dmvjv ld~lvvg~mvgm z|l ld je|j m`|d~jfj" Jd {vgb`g){gm ld `jigbm plv c`gd" J~vjslpjvlimpdj {dj~jcmvij `mb~gblb~jd$ |bj ilpl~j `jpgddjbj `mi{|lp~j {mv dmp plngilb~mp {vm)

`lnlb~lp nl dj lvmpgb nl dmp `mb~gblb~lp" Jnlvlòj l gz|glvnj ngp~gbe|gvlimp `j|`lp cd|)sgjdlp lx`jsjnmp lb {jpjnjp lnjnlp nld ogldm$`|jbnm dj cmvij`gb nl edj`gjvlp$ jd o|bngv ldbgsld nld ijv ip nl :;; il~vmp$ nlh jd nlp)`|fglv~m dj {dj~jcmvij `mb~gblb~jd Jz| w jdd$slvlimp {mv lpj {djbg`gl `ji{mp mbn|djnmp$~jd sl n|bjp1 nlflb p| mvgelb jd imsgiglb~mnl djp mdjp w djp `mvvglb~lp nld m`jbm jomvjnlpj{jvl`gnm"

@mb ld ~gli{m$ ddlejvlimp jd fmvnl nl dj {dj)~jcmvij `mb~gblb~jd" Nl{lbnglbnm nld d|ejv nldi|bnm lb z|l lp~limp$ pl lb`mb~vjv j pdm`gb`m agdil~vmp nl dj `mp~j /cvlb~l jd `lb~vmnl @ogdl' m j ip nl `glb /lb dj ijwmv {jv~lnl dj `mp~j mvglb~jd nl dmp LL"\\"'" Jdd$ nmbnldj {vmc|bngnjn nld ijv p|{lvjfj dmp :;; il)~vmp$ jnigvjvlimp dj ijebcg`j sgp~j z|l bmpmcvl`lv$ `mb p|p ~vlp agdil~vmp nl nlpbgsldojp~j ld jfgpjd cmbnm nld m`jbm$ ld ~jd|n `mb)~gblb~jd" Lp~j gb`dgbj`gb vl{vlplb~j dj slv~glb~lijvgbj nl dj gi{mblb~l ijpj nl plngilb~mp {vm)`lnlb~lp nl dj lvmpgb `mb~gblb~jd w nl{mpg~j)

nmp lb lpl ~jhm {mv vmp$ mdjp$ `mvvglb~lp w edj)`gjvlp"

Jd ge|jd z|l dj {dj~jcmvij$ dj p|{lvcg`gl nld~jd|n `mb~gblb~jd sjvj nl |b d|ejv j m~vm" Nmbnl`jmblp p|fijvgbmp jde|bmp ijwmvlp z|l ldcjimpm nl @mdmvjnm ~jddjb ld ~jd|n$ dj `jnjnlpnl dj {dj~jcmvij ojp~j dj fjpl nl dj {lb)nglb~l lp ip fv|p`j" [lvm lb~vl lp~mp jfgpimpld p|ldm nlp`glbnl i|òm ip evjn|jdilb~l1 fj)hjv {mv lpjp djnlvjp bm ~jb li{gbjnjp slbnvj jplv `mim oj`lvdm {mv |b {|lv~m nl imb~jj"

J dmp eldmemp ijvgbmp dlp pmv{vlbnl z|l ld~jd|n `mb~gblb~jd bm plj ip jfv|{~m" @|jbnmpmfvl dmp plngilb~mp j`|i|djnmp fjhm ld je|jpdm j`~j dj evjslnjn$ p~mp pm{mv~jb {lbnglb~lplp~jfdlp nl :< evjnmp m ip" Pgb lifjvem$ dj

{lbnglb~l nld ?; {mv `glb~m nl dmp ~jd|nlp `mb)~gblb~jdlp bm ddlej j dmp ? evjnmp1 p| gb`dgbj)`gb ilngj lp nl |bmp 0 evjnmp" [mv p pmdm$ ld`mbp~jb~l jcd|hm nl plngilb~mp {vm`lnlb~lp nldj lvmpgb `mb~gblb~jd ~lbnlvj$ j dm djvem nld~gli{m$ j smdslv ip slv~g`jd ld ~jd|n1 z|lnj${|lp$ `djvm z|l |bj m ip c|lvjp bj~|vjdlp ijb)~glblb p|jslp lpjp {lbnglb~lp" @vllimp z|l ldcj`~mv {vgijvgm$ gbjnslv~gnm ojp~j jomvj$ vlpgnllb djp ijvljp gb~lvbjp8 mdjp p|ilvegnjp$ lbevjb {jv~l m`|d~jp j dj sgp~j$ z|l dj~lb j ~vjspnld `|lv{m m`lbg`m `mb ld igpim {lvmnm$ nmpsl`lp jd nj$ z|l djp ijvljp d|bjvlp pjfgnjp"

Ijvljp gb~lvbjp

w ~jd|n`mb~gblb~jdNlflb p| `mbcge|vj`gb dmp ivelblp `mb~gblb~jdlp

j |bjp mdjp z|l `gv`|djb fjhm dj p|{lvcg`gl nl dmp ijvlp=

Njsgn J" @j`ògmbl w Dgb`mdb C" [vj~pmb

53 GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;


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:" DJP MDJP GB^LVBJP M@LJBG@JP vjvjilb~l pl nlp`|fvlb jpgi{dl sgp~j" Bm mfp~jb~l$ lb ld lp~vl`om nl Egfvjd~jv p {|lnlb{lv`gfgvpl `|jbnm lxgp~lb `mbng`gmblp cjsmvjfdlp" Lp~j cm~mevjcj$~mijnj nlpnl ld ^vjbpfmvnjnmv Lp{j`gjd lb :7?>$ `j{~j ld vlp)

{djbnmv nld Pmd lb ld je|j" Djp fjbnjp jd~lvbjb~lp nl d| w mp`|)vgnjn pl nlflb j mdjp gb~lvbjp z|l jd~lvjb dj jeg~j`gb nl dj p|){lvcg`gl" Dj cm~mevjcj lp~ ~mijnj nlpnl ld bmv~l$ `mb Lp{jj lbdj {jv~l gbclvgmv nlvl`oj w Ijvv|l`mp lb dj p|{lvgmv gz|glvnj"


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5? GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;;" DJP IJVLJP pl {vmn|`lb lb sgv~|n nldj j~vj``gb evjsg~j~mvgj nl dj D|bj pmfvldj ^glvvj$ z|l cmvij nmp jbòmp jfmifj)

iglb~mp lb ld bgsld nld m`jbm /vl{vlplb)~jnmp jz| `mb i|òj lxjelvj`gb {jvjijwmv `djvgnjn'" Lpjp ngp~mvpgmblp pge|lbj dj D|bj iglb~vjp egvj dj ^glvvj$ dm z|llx{dg`j ld {lvmnm nl nm`l omvjp nl djpijvljp1 z|l dj ji{dg~|n nl p~jp sjvl nl|b d|ejv j m~vm j sl`lp i|òm plnlfl j |b lcl`~m nl vlpmbjb`gj" Djp ij)vljp gb~lvbjp ~jifgb nl{lbnlb lb f|lbjilngnj nl dj evjslnjn nl dj D|bj1 nl joz|l p| `mbpgnlvjfdl lblvej pgej ~jifgb|b {lvmnm nl |bjp :6 omvjp"Ji

lvg`jbP`glb~gp~/jvvgfj'1FJVFJVJJ\DG@GBM-Jilvg`jbP`glb~gp~/jfjhm'


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nld `jb /|bm nl dmp i|òmp z|l`mv~jb ld ~jd|n `mb~gblb~jd lb jz|l)ddj vlegb'$ c|lv~lp `mvvglb~lp fjdjb)`ljvmb dj bjsl" Dj sldm`gnjn ixgijnl lpmp cd|hmp lvj nl ilngm il~vm{mv ple|bnm lb dj sl`gbnjn nld cmbnmijvgbm1 p| ngvl``gb pl gbslv~j `jnjnm`l omvjp$ ip m ilbmp" J ngcl)vlb`gj nl m~vmp p|fijvgbmp b|`dlj)vlp$ ldBV): `|lb~j mb mhmp nl f|lw1dmp `glb~cg`mp {|nglvmb jp mfplvsjv

djp {lvgng`jp mdljnjp nl je|j cjb)empj z|l djp c|lv~lp `mvvglb~lp dl)sjb~jfjb" @|jbnm p~jp jd`jbjfjbp| sldm`gnjn ixgij$ djp ~li{lp~j)nlp nl cjbem p|fijvgbjp mp`|vl`jbn|vjb~l |bj omvj |b dlòm sgpgfdl"Lp~j lx{lvglb`gj `mbslb`g j @j`)ògmbl nl z|l djp mdjp gb~lvbjp vl)imsjb dmp plngilb~mp nld cmbnmijvgbm w im~gs p|p {mp~lvgmvlp gb)slp~gej`gmblp nl lp~l clbilbm"

Nlpnl lb~mb`lp$ djp gbilvpgmblplb m~vmp d|ejvlp w djp ilng`gmblpnl gbp~v|ilb~mp jb`djnmp ojb sl)bgnm j{mv~jbnm {v|lfjp nl dj |bg)slvpjdgnjn w {m~lb`gj nl djp ijvljpgb~lvbjp$ dm igpim lb ld gb~lvgmv nldmp `jmblp p|fijvgbmp z|l lb vl)egmblp ip vle|djvlp$ nmbnl djpc|lv~lp `mvvglb~lp nld cmbnm `j|pjb{vlp|igfdlilb~l lcl`~mp nl djvemjd`jb`l" Jp$ lb~vl :77< w :777 |blz|g{m nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nl Ujp)ogbe~mb gbslp~ge$ ilngjb~l fmwjpgbp~v|ilb~jnjp$ dj j``gb lhlv`gnj{mv mdjp gb~lvbjp w ijvljp" Ijb~|)sglvmb lpjp pmbnjp j |bmp >; `lb~il)~vmp {mv ple|bnm8 `mvvlp{mbnjb j{|dpmp nl je|j ip cvj z|l `|vpj)fjb ~jd|n jvvgfj$ j dj ijblvj nl|bj mdj ijvljd nl cvlb~l `mv~jb~lcvmb~jd jfv|{~m$ w il`djfjb sgem)vmpjilb~l djp je|jp nld cmbnm" Plojb ojddjnm clbilbmp pgigdjvlplb ld Mjo| ojujgjbm /j |bmp >3;il~vmp nl {vmc|bngnjn'$ {vmxgig)njnlp nl Sgvegbgj /j |bmp ::;; il)~vmp nl {vmc|bngnjn' w p|nmlp~l nlGvdjbnj /j |bmp 0;;; il~vmp nl {vm)c|bngnjn$ lb dj fjpl nld ~jd|n `mb)~gblb~jd'$ lb~vl m~vmp"

Pl i|d~g{dg`jfjb {mv njp djp {v|l)fjp nl z|l djp ijvljp gb~lvbjp `vlj)fjb `mvvglb~lp {vmc|bnjp `mb c|lvjp|cg`glb~l {jvj lsg~jv ld nl{pg~m$ wjde|bjp sl`lp gb`d|pm {jvj lvmpgm)bjv dmp plngilb~mp j`|i|djnmp$ bmpgi{|dp j vl`mbpgnlvjv dj gnlj nlz|l lp~l {vm`lpm {mnvj `mb~vmdjvdj lsmd|`gb elmdeg`j nld ~jd|n `mb)~gblb~jd" Pl pjfl z|l i|òmp m~vmpclbilbmp bj~|vjdlp jcl`~jb j lp~j

{mv`gb nld cmbnm ijvgbm8 nl dmpimsgiglb~mp ~l`~bg`mp nl djp {dj)`jp dg~mpcvg`jp jd jvvjp~vl l{gp)ng`m nl ij~lvgjd {mv {jv~l nl djp`mvvglb~lp ~|vfgjp$ |bmp `mvvgiglb)~mp p|fijvgbmp nl cjbemp z|l pl {vm)n|`lb `|jbnm |bj mbj nld cmbnmnld ijv pl o|bnl w djbj |bj nlbpjil`dj nl je|j w plngilb~mp {mvdjp {lbnglb~lp p|fijvgbjp" Dj {vm){mv`gb$ cvl`|lb`gj w lx~lbpgb lp){j`gjd nl lp~mp clbilbmp sjvj nl|b ijvelb `mb~gblb~jd j m~vm1 vlp|d)

?; GBSLP GEJ@GB W @GLB@GJ$ clfvlvm$ 6;; evjnmp"Lp |bj ilvj `mgb`gnlb`gj z|l djp{lbnglb~lp `mb~gblb~jdlp ~lbejb {mvdm elblvjd$ lb ~mnm ld i|bnm$ |bjgb`dgbj`gb nl |bmp 0 evjnmp$ lp nl)`gv$ ld be|dm z|l {vm{mv`gmbj j djp`mvvglb~lp nl cmbnm nlfgnjp j djpijvljp gb~lvbjp p| ixgij c|lvj$m `jpg ixgij= @vllimp z|l bm"Pmp{lòjimp z|l djp ijvljp gb~lv)bjp `vljb `mvvglb~lp nl cmbnm z|lfjp~jb {jvj gi{lngv z|l dmp plng)ilb~mp jvvjp~vjnmp ojp~j ld fmvnl

nl dj {dj~jcmvij pl j`|i|dlb lb ld~jd|n `mb~gblb~jd w ddlslb p| {lb)nglb~l {mv lb`gij nld be|dm `j)vj`~lvp~g`m dm`jd"

[jvj `mi{vmfjv lp~j og{~lpgp$lxjigbjimp$ h|b~m `mb J" P" Mep~mb$nl dj \bgslvpgnjn nl Ujpogbe~mb$dj `mvvlp{mbnlb`gj lb~vl ld be|dm`jvj`~lvp~g`m nl djp ijvljp gb~lv)

bjp w dj gb`dgbj`gb nld ~jd|n `mb)~gblb~jd lb nmp d|ejvlp nl `|wm cmbnmm`lbg`m lxgp~j |bj {mvilbmvgjnj`jv~mevjcj8 cvlb~l j djp `mp~jp nldbmv~l nl @jdgcmvbgj w cvlb~l j dj {jv~lilvgngmbjd nl B|lsj Hlvplw" Dj `mi){jvj`gb lb~vl lpjp nmp mbjp lp pge)bgcg`j~gsj {mvz|l ngcglvlb lb sjvgmpl gi{mv~jb~lp jp{l`~mp" [mv |b djnm$`lv`j nld bmv~l nl @jdgcmvbgj ld ~j)d|n cmvij {jv~l nl |b lp~vlòm ijv)elb `mb~gblb~jd z|l pl lx~glbnl jdm djvem nl dj cvmb~lvj lb~vl nmp{dj`jp ~l`~bg`jp z|l lp~b om`jbnmlb~vl p" ^jdlp imsgiglb~mp nlcmv)ijb ld p|ldm ijvgbm w `j|pjb cvl)`|lb~lp ~lvvlim~mp$ jde|bmp nl dmp`|jdlp nlplb`jnlbjb jsjdjbòjp p|f)ijvgbjp" Lb `mb~vjp~l$ dj {lbnglb~lnl B|lsj Hlvplw pl gb~levj lb

Investigación y ciencia 341 - Febrero 2005

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Transcript of Investigación y ciencia 341 - Febrero 2005