Investigación y ciencia 351 - Diciembre 2005

7/23/2019 Investigacin y ciencia 351 - Diciembre 2005

1/99

KAIFU LA L@ KELFAK NF@FEYJEK ILUF]]K@@K IL LUYKOFU

IJEJLOM]L =33 > 3 = 63 6 5 4 3 39

3 3 5 < 6


2/99

Ijejlom}l il =33!

Eksz}jngy =33< S}lauf Ejlaystef U!F! O|ayfal}, 55: s}f`! 6!f 373=6 Mf}el`kaf 'Lusff*

]lul}tfiku ykiku `ku il}legku! S}kgjmjif `f }ls}ki|eeja la ykik k la sf}yl sk} ajana olijk oleajek, dkykn}stek k l`ley}ajek,fu ekok e|f`v|jl} e`ful il eksjf, }ls}ki|eeja, }lnjuy}k k y}fauojuja sf}f |uk sm`jek k s}jtfik, uja `f s}ltjf f|yk}jxfejalue}jyf il` lijyk} il `f }ltjuyf! L` akom}l z `f of}ef ekol}ejf` UEJLAYJDJE FOL]JEFA, fu ekok l` `knkyjsk ek}}luskaijlayl,

uka s}ksjlifi lwe`|ujtf il Uejlayjste Fol}jefa, Jae!, eka e|zf `jelaejf ul |yj`jxfa fv|!

JUUA 3=63654W Ils! `lnf`8 M! 57!::: >4

Jos}jol ]kykefzdk/V|lmlek}, U!F! Ey}f! il Ef`ilu, bo 5 / 37653 Ufayf Sl}sy|f il Oknkif 'Mf}el`kaf*

S}jayli ja Usfja / Jos}luk la Lusff

IJUY]JM\EJKA

sf}f Lusff8

@KNJUYF, U! F!

Sk`! Jai! Sk`tk}faefY}jnk, 5:, Lijd! ==7:69 @lnfau 'Ofi}ji*Yl`dkak :69 76: 733

sf}f `ku }luyfaylu sfulu8

S}lauf Ejlaystef, U! F!

O|ayfal}, 55: s}f`! 6!f373=6 Mf}el`kaf

S\M@JEJIFI

Ofi}ji8OKUFJEK EKO\AJEFEJKA, U! @!Ufayjfnk Tj``fa|ltf Aftf}}kYl`! z dfw :67 6= =


5/99

JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33< 5

!!!ejae|layf fku

FTLU LWY]FYL]]LUY]LU! La e|luyja il skeku fku ulilhf} tl} la l` st}ofolayk |a kmhlyk a|ltk! Ak }lu|`yf}o|z ``fofyjtk! Sl}k e|faik `ltfayloku `f efmlxf z, f`kmul}tf} fylayfolayl, efsyloku `ku s`jiku iluyl``ku ilu| d|ul`fhl e}|xfaik l` ejl`k, ulayj}loku `f lokeja illuyf} s}lulaejfaik |a fekaylejojlayk gjuy}jek! S|lu l`ojaue|`k kmhlyk v|l ej}e|`f} sk} `f mtlif el`luyl ul}il |a olyf` ekakejik sk} l` gkom}l2 ul y}fyf} il |aufy`jyl v|l l` gkom}l gfm} ekauy}|jik eka u|u ofakuz `faxfik f` lusfejk iluil `f Yjl}}f! @ku ufy`jylu v|lLL!\\! skai} la }mjyf eka kefuja il` Fk Jayl}afejk/af` il `f Nlkdujef '6:/


6/99

9 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33, e|` il `ku iku }lejmj} la =366 `f ojuja Ika V|jhkyl! L` kmhlyjtklu j} laufzfaik `f ilutjfeja il fuyl}kjilu, sk} uj f`na if g|mjl}f v|l f`lhf} |ak il `fYjl}}f 'ajan|ak il `ku iku l`lnjiku, il |aku


7/99

JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33< fku ilus|u il` sf}yk!Jn|f` v|l `fu e`|`fu y}kaef`lu, ofi|}fala e`|`fu il ijuyjayku yjsku! La |a`fmk}fyk}jk il Ujanfs|}, `ku jatluyjnf/ik}lu gfa fsf}lfik glom}fu il }fyaak}of`lu eka ofegku y}faunajekusf}f v|l lws}lufula |af s}kylaf eka

d`|k}luelaejf tl}il! Gf``f}ka e`|`fudlyf`lu tl}ilu la `ku el}lm}ku ofyl}aku2gfuyf |af il efif oj`, jae`|uk |af ilefif ejla! F``, `fu e`|`fu dlyf`lu uly}faudk}of}ka la e`|`fu v|l ski}fa ul}al|}kafu, la fuy}kejyku 'v|l f`jolayfaf `fu al|}kafu*, la k`jnkilai}kejyku'v|l `fu fju`fa* z la ofe}dfnku 'v|ljanjl}la n}olalu z e`|`fu iffifu*!E|faik ul `lujkaf}ka v|ojefolayl `kuel}lm}ku, l` aol}k il e`|`fu dlyf`luv|l ojn}f}ka f `fu xkafu ilyl}jk}fifu ulwy|s`je l` v|l jmf fky}fu sf}ylu! Ak ul ufml eok fy}ftjlufa `f mf}}l}f glofyk/laeld`jef v|l }kilf l` el}lm}k l josjil `f lay}fif la uyl

il `f ofzk}f il `ku ekos|luyku! Lus}kmfm`l v|l `fu e`|`fu dlyf`lu lay}fulayfomja la el}lm}ku il ofegku z ilglom}fu ak s}lfifu, gfmjif e|layf ilv|l ak sf}lel gfml} n}failu ijdl}laejfulay}l u|u mf}}l}fu il efsj`f}lu z `fu il`fu glom}fu s}lfifu! Il fg `f lusl/}faxf il laekay}f} `f dk}of il y}fyf}ladl}olifilu el}lm}f`lu eka e`|`fudlyf`lu k il` ek}ia |omj`jef` uja ylal}

v|l y}lsfaf} l` e}alk, yfa u`k ekajazleejkalu jay}ftlakufu! Ul jnak}f, ekaykik, uj `fu e`|`fu v|l ilml}fa ``lnf}f` el}lm}k ak ul jahl}yf}fa yfomja laky}ku }nfaku, aj uj luk ul}f |a s}km`l/of! Ul iluekakel yfomja uj `fu e`|`fudlyf`lu lay}f}fa la |a el}lm}k g|ofakeka `f ojuof dfej`jifi! L` lv|jsk ilUjanfs|} s`falf fmk}if} ylhjik el}lm}f`skuyok}ylo s}kelilayl il ofi}lu ekagjhku tf}kalu! @f s}lulaejf il` e}kokuk/

of Z la l` ylhjik ilokuy}f}f v|l l` dlaolak ke|}}l yfomjala `ku g|ofaku!

Egf}`lu V! Egkj

@fu e`|`fu dlyf`lu 'tl}il* il }fya s|lila

fm}j}ul sfuk sk} `f mf}}l}f glofyklaeld`jef

gfuyf l` el}lm}k il `f ofi}l! @ku ae`lku

al|}kaf`lu luya yljiku il }khk!

OFYL]JF M@FAIF

F}lafu oktlijxfu

Uj ul efl la f}lafu oktlijxfu, ul v|lif fy}fsfik! Uj v|jlagf efik ul o|ltl ilay}k il `fu f}lafu, ul g|ail ou!Sl}k ul s|lil fefmf}, ekok la yfayfu sl`e|`fu, u|ol}njikmfhk `f u|sl}stejl il `fu f}lafu; Ulna |a n}|sk il jatluyj/nfik}lu il elay}ku d}faelulu z gk`failulu, ak lu skujm`l8 |aul} g|ofak v|lif} }lylajik la `fu f}lafu oktlijxfu, sl}kak ok}j} y}fnfik sk} l``fu! L` n}|sk luy|ij f}lafu oktlijxfuafy|}f`lu, il |a `fnk uf`fik el}efak f Vko, la J}a, z ky}fue}lfifu la l` `fmk}fyk}jk! Fomfu olxe`fu ekauyfmfa il f}laf,f}ej``f z uf`! E|faik ul ukolyl f ylauja `f olxe`f, ekoke|faik ul jay}ki|el la l``f |a e|l}sk v|l ul o|ltl, l` il`j/efik nl` ek`kjif` f}ej``kuk v|l ofayjlal st}ol `f f}laf ul il/uluyfmj`jxf `f uf` lu d|aifolayf` sf}f v|l ke|}}f yf` ekufz `f olxe`f ul `jef yfayk ou e|fayk ofzk} ulf `f ylauja,

lu ilej}, l` oktjojlayk il` e|l}sk jay}ki|ejik! E|luyf luef/sf} il fg sk}v|l ul uln}lnfa |af dful fe|kuf z |af dful

f}lakuf2 uyf, ilaufolayl fs}lyfif, tjuekuf, lu `f v|l fy}fsfeka o|egf d|l}xf f `f teyjof! L` n}|sk ujo|` l` oktjojlaykil |a e|l}sk la `fu f}lafu z ojij eok ul g|aifa laykaelumk`fu il f`|ojajk il iku oj`oly}ku! Slul f ul} ou ilaufuv|l `fu f}lafu la }lskuk iluefaufmfa ukm}l l``fu, sl}k eka|a oktjojlayk u|stejlaylolayl jaylauk `f `je|ldfeeja l}f yfa}sjif v|l ak ifmf yjlosk f `f ulijolayfeja il `f f}laf z`fu mk`fu ul g|aifa! Fgk}f mjla, }lu|`yfmf joskujm`l g|aij}mk`fu olaku ilaufu v|l l` fn|f! Z `f ilaujifi il` fn|f tjlalf ul} yfomja `f ilaujifi il ul}lu g|ofaku z fajof`lu8 u`k,s|lu, ski}a g|aij}ul f olijfu la `fu f}lafu, sl}k ak v|lif}u|ol}njiku sk} ekos`lyk la l``fu!


8/99

4 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33


9/99

JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33< >

Kaifu

la l` kefaknf`eyjek@fu gl}okufu ekastn|}fejkalu il `fu nf`fwjfu y}fuejlaila `f luyyjef

f` }lu|`yf} lulaejf`lu sf}f u| e}lejojlayk z ltk`|eja

D}fakjul Ekomlu

6! @F OFZK]JF IL @FU NF@FWJFU LUSJ]F@LU, ekok `f nf`fwjf ANE 63:> 'f}}jmf*, s}lulayfa |a

}leyan|`k elay}f`, k mf}}f, il luy}l``fu! Ky}fu ak, ekok Oluujl}


10/99

7 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33

eja il u|u ofufu! D|l l` n}|sk ilEkosuyka h|ayk eka ]kml}y Y! Sji/nlka, Ujoka F! ^jìl z Hkga Mfwyl},laykaelu la `f \ajtl}ujifi E|}yja ilYleak`knf, yfomja la F|uy}f`jfl` v|l ify, la 6:74, `ku ej}ekaluil Hfeb Gj`ù!

Ekakelik} il ykik luyk, ol s|ulla ekayfeyk eka ^jìl! Feelij f ja/tluyjnf} il a|ltk `fu ifyfejkalu il`ku ej}ekalu il Hfeb Gj`ù f sf}yj} il`f }l`feja |}fajk/s`kok ekok sf}ylil `f yluju ikeyk}f` il oj f`|oak^j``jfo G! Sleb, gkz s}kdluk} il`f \ajtl}ujifi Ek`nfyl! La ofzkil 6::: ^jìl faf`jx


30/99

=7 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33,< u`k uka skujm`lu uj u| }kefofi}l ul dk}o la |a fomjlayl `k mfuyfayl d}k, }jek la fn|f zel}efak f `f u|sl}stejl il `f Yjl}}f! Uj l` s`falyf g|mjl}f luyfike|mjl}yk il kefaku il ofnof e|faik ul dk}of}ka luyku ej}ekalu,`ku tf`k}lu il lufu s}ksk}ejkalu ul fel}ef}fa f


31/99

JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33< =:

La l` ayl}ja, ky}fu sjuyfu ukm}l `fek}ylxf ekayjalayf` s}ktjlala il `kul`lolayku il y}fxf 'luku l`lolaykuil u|uyjy|eja v|l ul lae|lay}fa la`ku ej}ekalu la s}ksk}ejkalu jadl/}jk}lu f` 6 sk} ejlayk*! @ku ej}ek/alu il Hfeb Gj`ù ekayjlala l`ltfifuekaelay}fejkalu il luyku l`lolayku,foa il o|luy}fu il l|}ksjk z el/}jk, sk} `k nlal}f` e}lfiku i|}fayl`f e}juyf`jxfeja il `f ek}ylxf2 `fekae`|uja lu v|l `ku ej}ekalu uldk}of}ka ou el}ef il `f u|sl}djejlil `f Yjl}}f v|l il` ofayk! F l``kgloku il ffij} v|l `fu s}ksk}ejk/alu }l`fyjtfu il `ku juyksku }fijfe/yjtku il alkijojk z gfdajk ikul`lolayku los`lfiku sf}f `f ifyf/eja il `ku ltlayku il `f dk}ofejail `f ek}ylxf ekayjalayf` u|njl}lav|l ul e}lf}ka sk}ejkalu ekaujil}f/m`lu il ek}ylxf ekayjalayf` la |af

dful ylos}faf, gfel 9933 oj``kaluil fku!

@f ijuy}jm|eja il `ku ej}ekaluou fayjn|ku fsk}yf |af s}|lmf fij/ejkaf`! @f s}ksk}eja il ej}ekaluil ou il 9333 oj``kalu il fkuu|sl}f l` 63 sk} ejlayk la f`n|afuo|luy}fu il Hfeb Gj`ù! Filou, `fuu|sl}stejlu il `ku ej}ekalu ul gf``fao|z l}kujkafifu8 `fu ef}fu fan|`f/}lu k}jnjaf`lu il `ku e}juyf`lu luya}likailfifu, ulf` il v|l }lek}}jl/}ka f}nfu ijuyfaejfu! Eok ski}fagfml} tjfhfik luyku ej}ekalu ejlaykuk oj`lu il bjòly}ku la dk}of ilsk`tk la u|uslauja z ekayja|f}ekaelay}fiku, uj ak g|mjl}fa ujikfayfk o|z a|ol}kuku; Ou fa,eok s|ijl}ka luyku ej}ekalu ltjyf}u| g|aijojlayk z d|uja la l` ofaykef`jlayl uj ak g|mjl}f lwjuyjik |afn}|luf z luyfm`l ek}ylxf ekayjalayf`v|l `ku s}lul}tf}f;

Luyku gf``fxnku jos`jefa v|l `kuej}ekalu d|l}ka, f`n|af tlx, fm|aifa/ylu z v|l s}kelifa il |af lwylauf}lnja k}jnjaf`, skujm`lolayl |af

ofuf ekayjalayf`! Uj d|l fu, sf}lelo|z tl}kuoj` v|l fa lwjuyfa }kefuil luf lifi yfa ylos}faf, skujmj`jifiou v|l fy}feyjtf, zf v|l il |af}kef il yf` fayjnlifi fs}lail}fokuo|egfu ekufu!

Fiful v|l `f ijuy}jm|eja il`fu lifilu il `ku ej}ekalu ou fa/yjn|ku lu ilujn|f`! Ul fe|o|`fa laejl}yku sl}kiku, ojlay}fu v|l ilky}fu l}fu ak ul lae|lay}fa ej}ekalu!Ff}ka H! Eftkujl, il `f \ajtl}uj/ifi il S|l}yk ]jek, gf laekay}fik

luyf ojuof ekaelay}feja ylosk}f`jae`|uk ilay}k il f`n|aku ej}ekaluxkajdjefiku, eka |a ae`lk il gfel9533 oj``kalu il fku, f` v|l }k/ilf |a e}lejojlayk o|z skuyl}jk},il lay}l 5>33 z 5533 oj``kalu ilfku! V|l `f lifi il` ej}ea il/e}lxef iluil l` ae`lk gfuyf `kuo}nlalu ak uk}s}lail, zf v|l `kue}juyf`lu il ej}ea e}lela ekaeay}j/efolayl sk} fijeja il ofyl}jf` fu| n}fak! Sl}k `f n}fa ijdl}laejf ilfayjnlifi z `ku tfeku ylosk}f`lulay}l `ku ae`lku z `ku o}nlalu illuku ej}ekalu fs|ayf f iku ltlaykuijdl}laylu, ulsf}fiku sk} |a `f}nksf}ayluju! La `ku ej}ekalu ou }l/ejlaylu z dej`lu il ekauln|j}, lulyjsk il }l`feja ylosk}f` lay}l làe`lk z l` of}nla ul ilml f s}kel/uku yleyajeku v|l d|aila `f ek}ylxfekayjalayf` z }leje`fa `ku ej}ekalu

il u| jayl}jk}! Gfz ejlaydjeku v|l uls}kskala ukolyl} f ekos}kmfejauj ekaijejkalu ujoj`f}lu s}ki|hl}ka`ku ej}ekalu il Hfeb Gj`ù!

L! M}|el ^fyuka, il` Jauyjy|ykSk`jyeajek ]lauul`fl}, z Y! Of}bGf}}juka, il f \ajtl}ujifi Afejkafìl F|uy}f`jf, gfa fa|aejfik ajtl`luil yjyfajk sk} ilmfhk il `ku lusl/}fiku la luyku ej}ekalu fayjn|ku8`fu ylosl}fy|}fu il u|u ofnofu ilk}jnla ilmla il gfml} luyfik la/y}l `ku 4


32/99

53 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33*, sfi}l il `fyfm`f sl}jijef il `ku l`lolayku, `l ek}}luskail/}f |a s`fyk d|aifik la |a ladkv|l ujuyloyjek!Ulfa u| gkolafhl `ku ijuyjayku ftfyf}lu il `fjad|uja!

@f jad|uja eùjef ul kmyjlal sk} jaol}ujail gjl}mfu f}koyjefu 'y, ofaxfaj``f, lyeyl}f*la fn|f ef`jlayl! Ak ilml ekad|aij}ul eka `fofel}feja 'la fn|f d}f* aj `f ekeeja 'la fn|fgj}tjlayl*! Efml s|lu |af e`fujstefeja la d|aejail `f ylosl}fy|}f! Skiloku tf}jf} yfomja lìjuk`tlayl! Uj u|uyjy|joku l` fn|f sk} fèkgk` kfeljyl kmylaloku, la efif efuk, |af lwy}feejaijuyjayf il okè|`fu kik}faylu k usjifu! Fu,if}loku l` akom}l il Olail`ljlt il s|l}}k f`feljyl f `f ofel}feja la feljyl il` tl}il il`ku s|l}}ku, stafolayl y}kelfik! L` f|yk} jauyff |yj`jxf} luyl feljyl sf}f l`fmk}f} |a @jlmjn ils|l}}k v|l ul ijuskai} ukm}l |af efsf il nlìl k`jtfu aln}fu, kmylajik sk} ekeeja il k`jtfula fn|f z nl`jstefik `|lnk olijfayl nl`fyjaf!

Mk``ku il efuyffSf}olayjl}! L` akom}l lwjuyl zf la ekejaf8 ul `lif f `ku s`fyku eka mful il sfyfyf! Slauloku lal` gfegu Sf}olayjl}, sk} lhlos`k, |a sfuyl` ilef}al sjefif eka s|} il sfyfyfu! Ak kmuyfayl,Faykjal F|n|uyja Sf}olayjl} '6>5>/6765*, df}/ofe|yjek, fn}akok l jay}ki|eyk} il `f sfyfyfla D}faejf, lu ol}lelik} il f`nk ou v|l |as`fyk la l` v|l ul }leje`fa }luyku il ef}al!

Sf}olayjl} ul s}ks|uk gfel} sfa eka `f de|`fil `f sfyfyf! Uja lomf}nk, f` ef}lel} il` n`|ylail` y}jnk 'v|l ekastl}l l`fuyjejifi f` fofufikil gf}jaf z fn|f*, kmylaf |af sfuyf ilofujfikekosfeyf! Sf}olayjl} s}ks|uk laykaelu lwy}fl}l` n`|yla il` y}jnk z ffij}`k f` fòjia il `fsfyfyf!

Ak kmuyfayl, ifik v|l l` fòjia il `f sfyfyf}lu|`yf |a yfayk jausjik, ul }lekojlaif l` |ukil gf}jafu il ufmk} ou jaylauk2 `f il ofx k`f il efuyffu! Ffifoku, s|lu, l` n`|yla z `f`ltfi|}f f f`n|af il luyfu gf}jafu z kmylai}l/oku mk``ku il sfa il efuyff k il ofx! \akumk``ku `f Sf}olayjl} tl}ifil}folayl ijnakuil` sl}ukafhl!

Z il skuy}l yf}y}fyku

@k|ju Sfuyl|} '67==/67:


34/99

5= JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33=3 af/aoly}ku }ld`lhfa `f `|x fx|` l josjila

u| sfuk f y}ftu il` us}fz sk} ul} uyfu

ofzk}lu v|l `f `kanjy|i il kaif il ijegf

}fijfeja '573 ao*! La efomjk, `fu ky}fu

ekoskalaylu il `f `|x m`faef 'il `kanjy|i

il kaif ofzk}* sfufa uja ijdje|`yfi f

y}ftu il `f a|ml il nkyfu!

OLAJUEK

EFSJ@F]

EKAELAY]FEJKA IL EF]NFU

LA @F U\SL]DJEJL

Z ]L@FHFEJKA IL @F YLAUJKA

U\SL]DJEJF@EKAK

IL YFZ@K]

OJE]KEGK]]K

L@LEY]KUS]FZ

D\L]XFU

YFANLAEJF@LU

Z AK]OF@LU

F!MF]]L]K,J!N!@KUEL]YF@LU,O!OF]V\LX

EKOK UL KMYJLAL \A L@LEY]KUS]FZ


49/99

JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33< 9>

sk}yfik} il` skòl}k if `|nf} f `fuk`jijstefeja il uyl z f `f dk}ofejail `fu esu|`fu!

L` ky}k oykik f` v|l aku }ldl}j/}loku fv| }le|}}l f `f }ky|}f il |aegk}}k efsj`f} 'il ijoly}k jadl}jk}f `ku = k 5 ojòly}ku* olijfayljaluyfmj`jifilu tf}jekufu fukejfifuf `f ylauja u|sl}stejf`! \a egk}}kefsj`f} lu jaluyfm`l z }kosl la nkyfuf |af ejl}yf ijuyfaejf fn|fu fmfhk2ijegf jaluyfmj`jifi ul ilml f `fud|l}xfu il ylauja u|sl}stejf`! Laldleyk, l` tf`k} il `f ukm}ls}lujala l` jayl}jk} il |a egk}}k efsj`f}lu ij}leyfolayl s}ksk}ejkaf` f `fylauja u|sl}stejf` il `f sf}lhf il|jiku v|l jayl}feejkafa f y}ftu il`f lay}ldful l jatl}ufolayl s}ksk}/ejkaf` f` }fijk il` egk}}k! E|f`v|jl}sl}y|}mfeja afy|}f`, k dk}xfif, il `flay}ldful }lu|`yf} la ukm}ls}luja la

`fu xkafu ou il`nfifu il` egk}}k zils}luja la `fu ou n}|lufu! Ifikv|l l` `v|jik |zl iluil `fu xkafuil f`yf s}luja gfejf `fu il mfhf, ekal` yjlosk, `fu s}jol}fu fil`nfxfaojlay}fu v|l `fu ky}fu lan}|lufa, `ffos`jy|i il `f sl}y|}mfeja e}lel z`f jaluyfmj`jifi ekai|el, sk} sta, f`f }ky|}f il` egk}}k!

Il `k fayl}jk} ul ili|el v|l `f}ky|}f il |a egk}}k `v|jik il ij/oly}k oje}k k afakoy}jek kd}lel |as|ayk il sf}yjif sf}f `f kmylaeja ilsf}ye|`fu, esu|`fu z ky}fu luy}|e/y|}fu ekos`lhfu oje}k k afakuesj/efu! Yeajefu mfufifu la `f feejail d|l}xfu gji}kijaojefu sl}ojylakmylal} egk}}ku eka ijoly}ku oj/e}koy}jeku, k okil}fifolayl u|m/oje}koy}jeku2 ekomjafifu eka l`|uk il efosku lèy}jeku jaylauku,sl}ojyla fèfaxf} ijoly}ku ekauj/il}fm`lolayl olak}lu!

@f feeja il |a efosk lèy}j/ek ukm}l `f lay}ldful il |a `v|jikekai|eyk} ul ekakel f` olaku iluil6433, e|faik ^j``jfo Nj`ml}y, la u|

km}fIl Ofnalyk, }l`fy `f lwjuylaejfil olajueku eajeku, v|l ul dk}of/mfa e|faik |a y}kxk il omf} ulfs}kwjofmf f |af slv|lf nkyf ilfn|f! G|mk v|l lusl}f} efuj e|fy}kujn`ku sf}f v|l Nlkdd}lz J! Yfz`k}, fsf}yj} il |a mf`fael lay}l `fu d|l}xfulèy}jefu sl}slaije|`f}lu f `f u|sl}/stejl il` ekak z `f s}luja efsj`f},ijl}f lws`jefeja f `f dk}of eajefil `ku olajueku l`ley}jstefiku, v|lla u| gkak} ul ilakojafa gkz ek/aku il Yfz`k} k il Nj`ml}y/Yfz`k}

sf}f gka}f} yfomja f u| s}jol}ilue|m}jik}!

@ku f`yku tf`k}lu v|l l` efosklèy}jek fèfaxf la `fu s}kwjojifiluil` t}yjel eajek uka }luskaufm`lu

il `f lojuja il ef}nf z ofuf fy}ftu il` egk}}k! L` ijoly}k ilègk}}k ijuoja|zl f` f|olayf} `f eka/i|eyjtjifi lèy}jef il` `v|jik!

@f yeajef il fykojxfeja l`le/y}kgji}kijaojef, k l`ley}kus}fz,

ul mfuf la jazleyf} `layfolayl |a`v|jik ekai|eyk} f y}ftu il |affn|hf l`ley}jstefif! Sf}f |a jayl}tf`kfs}ksjfik il tf`k}lu il` ef|if` ja/zleyfik z il `f ijdl}laejf il skyla/

ejf` lèy}jek fs`jefif lay}l `f fn|hfz |a ekai|eyk} ekaleyfik f yjl}}f, lòlajuek l`ley}jstefik fiksyf `f dk}ofil |a ekak il Yfz`k} luyfejkaf}jk2iluil u| t}yjel ul lojyl |a egk}}kv|l }kosl fn|fu fmfhk sk} jaluyfmj/

5! OJE]KEFSU\@FU il |afu 63 oje}fu il ijoly}k nlal}fifu f sf}yj} il |a egk}}k

ekfwjf` ekos|luyk il |af ijuk`|eja fe|kuf la l` jayl}jk} z |a dkykskòl}k 'Ukoku

46=3, il I|Skay* la l` lwyl}jk}!

9! AFAKLUDL]FU G\LEFU sf}f |uk la oje}kl`ley}ajef il f`yf tl`kejifi kmylajifu f

sf}yj} il egk}}ku ekfwjf`lu l`ley}jdjefiku z yeajefu uk`/nl`! Jonlalu il lusley}kueksf

l`ley}ajef il mf}}jik!F!MF]]L]K,J!N!@KUEL]YF@LU,O!OF]V\LX

=33ao


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97 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33/63: T+o!

Ekatjlal s}lejuf} v|l uj mjla `fule|fejkalu ijdl}laejf`lu z ekaij/ejkalu il ekayk}ak v|l nkmjl}afa`f l`ley}kgji}kijaojef il` ekak/egk}}k uka mjla ekakejifu 'le|fejk/alu il Aftjl}/Uykblu z il Ofw~l``*,

u| }luk`|eja a|o}jef lay}ff |aflwy}fk}ijaf}jf ekos`lhjifi! L``k ulilml ukm}l ykik f `f ijusf}jifi illuef`fu il `kanjy|i l` ijoly}kil` egk}}k lu |afu oj` tlelu ol/ak} v|l l` il` ekak, f` iluekak/ejojlayk il `f lay}ldful 'v|l ilmlul} ilyl}ojafif ekok sf}yl il `f

uk`|eja il` s}km`lof* z f `f il/slailaejf ylosk}f` il `fu tf}jfm`lul`ley}k/|jik/oleajefu la `f }lnjail }ky|}f il` egk}}k! U`k la dlegfo|z }lejlayl ul gf fmk}ifik `f }l/uk`|eja a|o}jef il `f }lnja ily}faujeja il` ekak f` egk}}k }le|/}}jlaik f gjsyluju ujos`jstefik}fu!@f lwsl}jolayfeja, sk} yfayk, gfekauyjy|jik l` }le|}uk mujek sf}fluy|ijf} luyl dlaolak z ilyl}ojaf}`f ilslailaejf d|aejkaf`, k `lzluil luef`f, v|l sl}ojyla s}lilej} `f

ef}nf z l` yfofk il `fu nkyfu lad|aeja il` ef|if` il `v|jik l`le/y}kfykojxfik z il u|u s}ksjlifiludujefu, s}jaejsfòlayl `f ekai|eyj/tjifi lèy}jef!

Ilmjik f `fu s}ksjlifilu il` l`le/y}kus}fz, lay}l `fu v|l efml iluyfef}`f ulaej``lx il u| ofalhk, l` fos`jk

jayl}tf`k il` yfofk il `fu nkyfu'v|l, la d|aeja il `f ekai|eyj/tjifi il` `v|jik los`lfik, tf}filuil elaylaf}lu il oje}fu sf}f `ku`v|jiku olaku ekai|eyk}lu gfuyfskefu ilelafu il afaoly}ku sf}f`ku o|z ekai|eyk}lu* z `f |ajdk}/ojifi il` yfofk il `fu nkyfu, u|ufs`jefejkalu gfa tlajik f ul}, la`ku `yjoku fku, okalif ek}}jlaylla `f janlajl}f v|ojef, `f ejlaejfz `f yeajef il ofyl}jf`lu, `f fn}j/e|`y|}f z `f olijejaf lay}l ky}ku

@F FYKOJXFEJKA IL D@\JIKU s|lil fs`jef}ul f `f s}ki|eeja il esu|`fu z ky}fu luy}|ey|}fu il jayl}u! L``k ul ekaujn|lolijfayl |af yeajef il a|ltk e|k v|l ul uj}tl il `f feeja il `fu d|l}xfu l`ley}kgji}kijaojefu ukm}l lay}ldfulu |jifusf}f nlal}f} egk}}ku ekfwjf`lu eka ijoly}ku afakoy}jeku!

Iku `v|jiku jaojuejm`lu '}khk zfx|`* ul jazleyfa f y}ftu il ikufn|hfu l`ley}jstefifu ekaeay}jefu!Sf}f tf`k}lu fs}ksjfiku il` ef|/if` z l` tk`yfhl fs`jefik, ul dk}/ofa iku olajueku |ak la l`jayl}jk} il` ky}k 'ilyf``l* iluile|zku t}yjelu ul lojyla ulaikuegk}}ku luyfejkaf}jku v|l |zlaekfwjfòlayl!

EKAK IL YFZ@K]! Sf}f kmylal} |a olajuek eajek luy}|ey|}fik, l` lud|l}xk lèy}jek yfanlaejf` ilml fey|f} f` olakuukm}l |af il `fu lay}ldfulu! La luyfu dkykn}fdfu ul kmul}tf |a ekak il Yfz`k} l`ley}jstefik il fn|f la l` jayl}jk} il |aolajuek il `v|jik ak ekai|eyk} 'feljyl il k`jtf*! @ku lud|l}xku lèy}jeku yfanlaylu f `f lay}ldful fn|f/feljyl ul y}fauoj/yla sk} tjuekujifi f` }luyk il` feljyl z `k skala la oktjojlayk ij}jnjaik`k gfejf l` t}yjel il` ekak il fn|f! @ku iku |/hku ek|zlaylu }lu|`yfa la |a egk}}kekfwjf` il fn|f }le|mjl}yk sk} feljyl!Efml olaejkaf} v|l l` ekay}k` il `kuef|if`lu il `ku `v|jiku sl}ojyl aku`k |a m|la ekay}k` il` ijoly}k ilègk}}k ujak yfomja il` lusluk} il `fslè|`f il feljyl! Kmu}tlul eokefomjf `f dk}of il` ekak jayl}jk} f`sfuf} il |af efsf staf il feljyl 'f*f ky}f n}|luf 'm*!

F!MF]]L]K,J!N!@KUEL]YF@LU,O!OF]V\LX

EGK]]KU EKFWJF@LU8 \A EGK]]K ILAY]K IL KY]K


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JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33< 9:

efosku! F l``k gf ekay}jm|jik, ujai|if, l` glegk il v|l `f fykojxfejal`ley}kgji}kijaojef gf sfufik ilul} |a ekah|ayk il kmul}tfejkalulos}jefu skm}lolayl laylaijifu fluyfm`lel}ul ekok |af }fof il `fejlaejf u`jifolayl d|aifolayfif!Ul ejyfa f ekayja|feja f`n|akulhlos`ku il akyfm`lu fs`jefejkaluil` l`ley}kus}fz!

Hkga Dlaa, il `f \ajtl}ujifi Eko/oka~lf`yg il Tj}njajf, }ltk`|ejka`f v|ojef faf`yjef z ekosf}yj l`s}lojk Akml` il v|ojef la =33=sk} u| ekay}jm|eja f` fa`juju ilmjkokè|`fu! Dlaa `kn} ofaylal}la u|uslauja ofe}kjkalu il u|u/yfaejfu mjk`njefu la dful nfulkuf,|yj`jxfaik |af d|layl il l`ley}ku/s}fz! La luyl efuk, `f ltfsk}fejail` uk`tlayl il `fu nkyfu il` us}fz}lu|`yf la ofe}kjkalu il faf`jyk eka

|af }l`feja ef}nf lèy}jef/ofuf u|/stejlaylolayl f`yf sf}f ul} ilyleyf/iku olijfayl |a lusley}oly}k ilofufu luyaif}! Ky}fu fs`jefejkaluil` l`ley}kus}fz, f`n|afu la dful ililuf}}k``k z ky}fu zf ekauk`jififu,uka8 `f uayluju il afaksf}ye|`fu, `filskujeja l`ley}kuyyjef il slè|`fuafakoy}jefu il ofyl}jf`lu el}oj/eku k skòl}ku, `f ijusl}uja ils`fn|jejifu, f jagf`feja yl}fs|yjefil i}knfu z s}kylafu, `f ekom|uyja'ukm}l ykik la oje}kokyk}lu* z `fs}ks|ùja ek`kjif` sf}f ufy`jylu ilofuf slv|lf!

La dlegf }lejlayl ul gfa kmylajikl`ley}kus}fzu la l` ulak il `v|jikuijlèy}jeku2 l``k fos`f il dk}ofakyfm`l u|u fs`jefejkalu la l` efoskil `fu lo|ùjkalu k il` laefsu|`fikil u|uyfaejfu }lf`jxfik la olijku`v|jiku! @f fijeja f |af il `fu dfuluil u|uyfaejfu ylaukfeyjtfu fastsyjefuilakojafifu fu sk} skull} |afsf}yl gji}dkmf z ky}f gji}st`f ja/gjml `f ekf`luelaejf il `fu nkyfu zfm}l a|ltku efosku il fs`jefeja

il luyfu yeajefu2 sk} lhlos`k, fèfosk il `ku e}juyf`lu `v|jiku! @ffykojxfeja l`ley}kgji}kijaojef,sk} yfayk, s|lil iluloslf} |afd|aeja e`ftl la `f s}ki|eeja ilafaklo|ùjkalu z la l` efosk il`ku |jiku ekos`lhku!

Egk}}ku ekfwjf`lu l`ley}jstefiku@f skujmj`jifi il fs`jef} `f l`le/y}kfykojxfeja f `f s}ki|eeja ilesu|`fu z ky}fu luy}|ey|}fu il jayl/}u afakyeajek ul gf tjuyk }ldk}xfif

f sf}yj} il |a y}fmfhk }lejlayl, v|l|yj`jxf `f feeja il `fu d|l}xfu l`le/y}k/gji}kijaojefu ukm}l lay}ldfulu|jifu sf}f nlal}f} egk}}ku ekfwjf`lueka ijoly}ku afakoy}jeku! @f ye/ajef ekaujuyl la jazleyf} iku `v|jikujaojuejm`lu f y}ftu il iku fn|hful`ley}jstefifu, ekaeay}jefu2 `k oju/ok v|l la l` efuk il` l`ley}kus}fzujos`l, sf}f tf`k}lu fs}ksjfiku ilèf|if` z l` tk`yfhl fs`jefik ul dk}ofaiku olajueku |ak la l` jayl}jk}il` ky}k iluil e|zku t}yjelu ullojyla ulaiku egk}}ku luyfejkaf}jkuv|l |zla ekfwjfòlayl!

Sf}f iluf}}k``f} luyf luy}|ey|}f, uljazleyf l` `v|jik lwyl}jk} z ul ja/e}lolayf l` skylaejf` lèy}jek il `ffn|hf lwyl}jk} gfuyf v|l l` olajuekfiksyf `f dk}of eajef ef}feyl}uyjef!@f feeja il `ku lud|l}xku lèy}jekuyfanlaejf`lu, v|l feyfa ukm}l `f la/

y}ldful lwyl}jk} z yj}fa il` `v|jikgfejf l` t}yjel, ul ijd|ail gfejf l`jayl}jk} ol}eli f `f tjuekujifi il``v|jik, v|l ilml ul} u|stejlaylolaylf`yf sf}f v|l `f ijd|uja }lu|`yl lst/ejlayl! L` uln|aik `v|jik, v|l |zlf y}ftu il `f fn|hf jayl}jk}, dk}of|a a|ltk olajuek v|l lu ildk}ofikz u|eejkafik sk} l` oktjojlayk il``v|jik lwyl}jk}, eka l` v|l dk}of |aegk}}k ekfwjf` il yjsk mjefsf!

Sf}f kmylal} |a olajuek eajek lu/y}|ey|}fik, l` lud|l}xk lèy}jek yfa/

nlaejf` ilml fey|f} f` olaku ukm}l|af il `fu lay}ldfulu! La |a ekakl`ley}jstefik il fn|f la l` jayl}jk} il|a olajuek il `v|jik ak ekai|eyk}ekok l` feljyl il k`jtf, sk} lhlos`k,`ku lud|l}xku lèy}jeku yfanlaylu f`f lay}ldful fn|f/feljyl ul y}fauojylask} tjuekujifi f` }luyk il` feljyl z`k f}}fuy}fa gfejf l` t}yjel il` ekakil fn|f! @ku iku |hku ek|zlaylu}lu|`yfa la |a egk}}k ekfwjf` il fn|f}le|mjl}yf il feljyl! Efml olaejkaf}v|l `f }ln|`feja il` ef|if` il `ku`v|jiku sl}ojyl ekay}k`f} ak u`k lìjoly}k il` egk}}k ujak yfomja l`lusluk} il `f slè|`f il feljyl!

Esu|`fu z ludl}fu g|lefuLuyf yeajef ul gf |yj`jxfik eka wjykla `f kmylaeja il oje}k z afakes/u|`fu eka tjuyfu f u| fs`jefeja f`laefsu|`fik il d}ofeku z fijyjtku

f`jolayf}jku! L` us}fz v|l ul dk}off sf}yj} il `f }ky|}f tf}jekuf il |aegk}}k ekfwjf` l`ley}jstefik ekos|lu/yk il |af uk`|eja fe|kuf '`v|jik ja/yl}jk}* z |a dkykskòl}k '`v|jiklwyl}jk}*, sk} lhlos`k, ul ukolyl f`|x |`y}ftjk`lyf2 eka l``k ul ekaujn|luk`jijstef} l` dkykskòl}k v|l eka/yjlal l` `v|jik lwyl}jk} z kmylal} fuesu|`fu oje}k z afakoy}jefu!

Ekomjafiku eka yeajefu il f|yk/laufom`fik 'ul`d/fuulom`z* ekok `fuk`/nl`, `ku egk}}ku ekfwjf`lu gfa


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! Yfomja @|i~jn Mk`yx/ofaa gfmf ijegk la u| ylk}f il`ku nfulu v|l l` oktjojlayk y}ojekil `fu okè|`fu ilmf ekai|ej} f|a ilus`fxfojlayk olijm`l il `kuek}sue|`ku!

S}ln|ayf8 Gfm`faik il olijm`l,eok ul skif ekast}of} `f ylk}fil Ljauylja; L}fa u|stejlaylu `fu km/ul}tfejkalu fayl}jk}lu il` ylom`k} il`fu sf}ye|`fu la u|uslauja k gjxks}lijeejkalu v|l ul skifa ekay}fuyf}lwsl}jolayfòlayl;

N}kuuofaa8 Ljauylja `kn} ilu/

e}jmj} il dk}of e|fayjyfyjtf z lw/sl}jolayfòlayl ekos}kmfm`l `fdujef il `ku e|l}sku la u|uslauja'la ejl}yk ulayjik u|sl}okè|`fu*!Kyk}nfmf |a tf`k} lwy}fk}ijaf}jk f|af ekast}ofeja lwsl}jolayf` il u|ud}o|`fu! D|l sf}yl il u| okyjtfejasf}f lue}jmj} lul y}fmfhk!

Fu, f` ekojlaxk il` f}ye|`k ijelv|l, ulna `f ylk}f eùjef il `f yl}/okijaojef, ak gfm}f v|l lusl}f}v|l fu sf}ye|`fu la u|uslauja lhl}/ejl}fa ajan|af d|l}xf ukm}l `fu sf}l/

ofe}kujuylofu k il `ku ujuylofu ekao|egku n}fiku il `jml}yfi, sl}k akla l` oktjojlayk il` elay}k il n}f/tlifi il efif |af il `fu sf}ye|`fu!Luyl `yjok kmlilel f `f oleajef}ltl}ujm`l al~ykajfaf, ojlay}fu v|ll` uln|aik s}jaejsjk ukm}l `f la/y}ksf ekaejl}al f `f ijaojef ilo|egfu sf}ye|`fu, j}}ltl}ujm`l la l`yjlosk! Fomfu }fofu il `f dujef aku`k ak jayl}stl}la lay}l u, ujak v|l,ulna `ku ekakejojlayku fey|f`lu, ulekosfnjafa uja s}km`lofu! Sk} `kilou, Ljauylja ak fmk}i a|aef lw/sèjyfolayl `f ef}yf il ]aynla!

S}ln|ayf8 F s}jaejsjku il` uj/n`k WW ykiftf ul ijue|yf uj ykokuz okè|`fu l}fa sf}ye|`fu }lf`lu!E|` d|l l` ja|hk il `ku y}fmfhkuil Ljauylja la luyl yl}}lak;

N}kuuofaa8 D|aifolayfòlayl,ekay}jm|zl}ka f |a efomjk il ola/

yf`jifi fel}ef il `f luy}|ey|}f ok/`le|`f} il `ku e|l}sku dujeku, ulfauyku u`jiku, `v|jiku k nfulkuku!F` skil} ukolyl}ul f olijeja, `kula|aejfiku il Ljauylja ilokuy}f}kav|l l}fa }lf`lu la l` ojuok ulayjikv|l `fu ef}nfu z efosku lèy}jeku

ilu il` }lejsjlayl! Sl}k z uyfu uka`fu sf`fm}fu k}jnjaf`lu il Ljauylja,iluil l` s|ayk il tjuyf il `f ylk}fejalyjekok`le|`f} il` ef`k} ul ``lnf f|a okik il tl} o|z ijuyjayk!!! @kue|l}sku la u|uslauja lhl}ela |afs}luja kuoyjef, ekok yfomja `fuokè|`fu iju|l`yfu! S|lu z uyfd|l u| y}fuelailayl jay|jeja `fuokè|`fu il |af uk`|eja z `kue|l}sku la u|uslauja ul ijdl}la/ejfa u`k sk} u| yfofk! Ltf`|luf s}luja z `f lwylauja olijfaylijd|uja sk} ijdl}laejfu il s}luja,z ekae`|f eka luyfu sf`fm}fu8 Khf`|a jatluyjnfik} `kn}l s}kayk }luk`tl}l` s}km`lof s`faylfik fv|, il jo/sk}yfaejf sf}f `f ylk}f il` ef`k}!

S}ln|ayf8 Z l` jatluyjnfik} v|l`k ekaujn|j d|l Sl}}ja;

N}kuuofaa8 U! L` d}faeu HlfaMfsyjuyl Sl}}ja ekast}o m}j``fayl/

olayl, zf la 6:37, eka u|u lwsl}j/olayku `fu ekae`|ujkalu z s}lijeejk/alu ljauyljajfafu ukm}l `f ijd|uja!

S}ln|ayf8 Sl}k, eok }lejmjl}ka`ku ekaylosk}alku il Ljauylja `fylk}f il `f ijd|uja; Faylu il `fekast}ofeja lwsl}jolayf`, g|mkyfomja e}yjefu;

N}kuuofaa8 Zf laykaelu ul ijkf`na v|l ky}k s}km`lof il eko/s}lauja! Fu, ^j`glò Eka}fi ]ay/nla ekahly|}fmf, la |af ef}yf v|l`l lue}jmj f Ljauylja la ulsyjlom}lil 6:34, v|l l` oktjojlayk m}k~/ajfak luyfmf la ekay}fijeeja ekal` uln|aik s}jaejsjk il `f yl}okij/aojef, ulna l` e|f` `ku s}kelukuj}}ltl}ujm`lu la |a ujuylof fju`fiktfa fekosffiku il |a f|olayk illay}ksf! F`nk fa`knk gfmf ofaj/dluyfik Gla}j Skjaef}!

Sl}k f Ljauylja ak `l fdleyf}ka `kou oajok luyfu i|ifu, sk}v|l lòktjojlayk il `ku ekauyjy|zlaylu, luilej}, il `fu okè|`fu il` `v|jik, zl` il `fu sf}ye|`fu la u|uslauja akul ijdl}laejfa! L` uln|aik s}jaejsjk

yjlal tf`jilx la `f luyfiuyjef il `ku

=! @FU LUY]\EY\]FU LA DK]OF IL

IJOJA\YFU M\]M\HFU il` ejyks`fuof

il `fu e`|`fu luya u|hlyfu yfomja f`

oktjojlayk m}k~ajfak! Il `ku sl}kwjuk/

ofu fv| dkykn}fdjfiku f jayl}tf`ku il

iku uln|aiku, iku il l``ku o|luy}fa lul

oktjojlayk y}o|`k 'e}e|`ku z e|fi}fiku*,

ojlay}fu v|l `ku of}efiku eka `fu ejd}fu

il 6 f < lwgjmla |a ilus`fxfojlayk alyk!HFJILLS

OFYG\]+UKEJLIFI

FOL]JEFAF

IL

DJUJK@KNJF

TLNLYF@+Uslby}|o

il}^juulauegfdy


57/99


N}kuuofaa8 Dk}of sf}yl z lujaijefik} il` lyl}ak oktjojlayky}ojek il `ku ykoku! Ef`k} aklu ky}f ekuf v|l lal}nf ejayjef il`fu okè|`fu, sk} n}failu k slv|l/fu v|l ulfa! @f lal}nf y}ojef ilefif |af il luyfu okè|`fu lu `fojuof, sk}v|l ykifu luya la eka/yfeyk lay}l u! @f tl`kejifi il |afokè|`f ul} yfayk olak} e|faykofzk} ulf u| ofuf, sl}k ujlos}lgfm} oktjojlayk! Ykik egkef ekaykik! Uj ul lad}f, ykik ul }f`layjxf!

Yfa joskujm`l ekok fèfaxf} l` el}kfmuk`|yk lu ilylal} l` oktjojlayk!F |af ylosl}fy|}f stajyf, ykik ulo|ltl uja eluf}!

5! @FU SF]YJE\@FU U\USLAIJIFU la

|a `v|jik 'tl}il, la luyf ujo|`feja sk}

k}ilafik}* ul ekosk}yfa ekok ofe}k/

okè|`fu! F ef|uf il `f n}ftlifi, u|

ekaelay}feja ijuoja|zl lwskalaejfòlayl

eka `f f`y|}f!

OF]B

I!GF^+Uslby}|o

il}^juulauegfdy

Nlk}n ^kùegja laulf dujef la `f\ajtl}ujifi il Gljil`ml}n!

L` f|yk}


58/99


59/99


Iku gkom}lu il olijfaf lifi tjtla

f oj`lu il bj`oly}ku il ijuyfa/

ejf la `ku Luyfiku \ajiku! Ak

ul ekakela, sl}k yjlala |a }funk

ekoa8 `f fmuk}eja il gjl}}k la

u| k}nfajuok lu yfa lstefx v|l, la

tlx il tlayfhkuf, }lu|`yf ifjaf, gfuyf yl}ojaf}

sk} s}ktkef} |a df``k o|`yjk}najek `lyf`! Luyl

y}fuyk}ak, `f gloke}kofykuju gl}lijyf}jf, fdleyfeka d}le|laejf f sl}ukafu v|l gfa gl}lifik il

fomku s}knlajyk}lu `f ojuof o|yfeja najef,

|af f`yl}feja v|l ul k}jnja gfel `f}nk yjlosk

la |a jaijtji|k v|l tjtf la L|}ksf! @f o|/

yfeja tjfh `|lnk la l` yjlosk z l` lusfejk,

f y}ftu il `f s}knlajl il lul l|}kslk! La `f

fey|f`jifi, |aku == oj``kalu il luyfik|ajilaulu

skulla f` olaku |af eksjf il` nla o|yfik!

L` faylsfufik, ilufsf}lejik gfel `f}nk yjlo/

sk, ul ekaujil}f l` d|aifik} k sjkal}k il luf

skm`feja2 f u| `lnfik najek ul `l ilakojaf

o|yfeja sjkal}f!

Ul gfa ilue|mjl}yk oj`lu il o|yfejkalu }lu/

skaufm`lu il ladl}olifilu g|ofafu, sl}k `fu

sjkal}fu ul fsf}yfa il `k ekoa! @fu teyjofu

il a|ol}kufu ladl}olifilu nlayjefu o|l}la

faylu il }ls}ki|ej}ul2 `ku nlalu o|yfiku ak ul

y}fauojyla! @fu o|yfejkalu sjkal}fu, la efomjk,u|l`la sl}ikaf} `f tjif f u|u sk}yfik}lu, sf}f

fu sfuf} f `f iluelailaejf! F`n|aku il `ku

y}fuyk}aku il}jtfiku il luyfu o|yfejkalu s}lula/

yfa |af akyfm`l d}le|laejf2 aku }ldl}joku f `f

gloke}kofykuju gl}lijyf}jf faylu olaejkafif,

`f falojf df`ejdk}ol z `f stm}kuju v|uyjef! Sl}k,

sk} v| `f ltk`|eja ekaul}tf o|yfejkalu la

fsf}jlaejf sl}h|ijejf`lu la `|nf} il ilugfel}ul

il l``fu;


60/99


61/99



62/99

43 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =3333 fku z ul ijuloja sk}L|}ksf ol}jijkaf` z keejilayf`!

L` lhlos`k ou lwy}lok il oj/n}feja `k kd}lel |af tf}jfmj`jifinlayjef il a|luy}k ulayjik il` n|uyk!F`}lilik} il |a >< sk} ejlayk il`ku gfmjyfaylu il` s`falyf sl}ejmlafof}nf `f dlaj`yjkef}mfojif 'SYE*2ak fu l` =< sk} ejlayk }luyfayl! Lal` Jauyjy|yk Afejkaf` il `f Uf`|i zky}fu jauyjy|ejkalu ak}ylfol}jefafu

ilue|m}joku la dlegf }lejlayl v|l|af ekomjafeja il y}lu f`yl}fejk/alu najefu gfel v|l ul ekijstv|l|a }lelsyk} il SYE v|l ak ilyleyfl` fof}nk}! Fu s|lu, ykiku `ku jaij/tji|ku jaulaujm`lu f `f SYE iluejla/ila il |a d|aifik} v|l ekayfmf ekalufu f`yl}fejkalu! 'A|luy}k ulayjikil` n|uyk fof}nk ul gf iluf}}k``fiksf}f s}kylnl}aku il `f janluyf ilu|uyfaejfu ywjefu tlnlyf`lu2 sl}k,e|` ul}f `f tlayfhf il `f tf}jfa/yl najef v|l ak ilyleyf lul ufmk};

D|aifik}

E}kokukofak}of`

E}kokukoffdleyfik

Sfuk f `f ujn|jlayl nlal}feja

Sfuk f `f ujn|jlayl nlal}feja

]lekomjafeja i|}faylo|egfu nlal}fejkalu

Ul s}ki|el`f o|yfeja

O|yfeja

O|yfeja

O|yfeja

]lekomjafeja

Iluelailaejfsk}yfik}f

Ajlyk

sk}yfik}

Sk}yfik}fey|f`

L@ FEK]YFOJLAYK IL@ GFS@KYJSK

@f }lnja e}kokuojef 'gfs`kyjsk* v|l }kilf f |af o|yfeja sjkal}f ul tf

fek}yfaik il |af nlal}feja f ky}f ekadk}ol `ku e}kokukofu ul olxe`fa

la l` s}keluk il }lekomjafeja! La `f j`|uy}feja, l` jaijtji|k d|aifik} skull

|a e}kokukof fof}j``k eka `f o|yfeja sjkal}f z |a e}kokukof fx|` ak}of`

s}kelilayl il` ky}k s}knlajyk}! E|faik l` d|aifik} s}ki|el lusl}ofykxkjilu |

t|`ku, `ku iku e}kokukofu jayl}efomjfa ulnolayku! @f iluelailaejf gl}lif|a a|ltk e}kokukof ojwyk, sk}yfik} il `f o|yfeja z il ky}fu sf}ylu il`

gfs`kyjsk sjkal}k '}lnja fof}j``f*! Fu, l` jayl}efomjk najek v|l ul s}ki|el

f `k `f}nk il `fu nlal}fejkalu ef|uf l` fek}yfojlayk il` gfs`kyjsk!

F@JUKA

BLAIF@@


63/99


La a|luy}f ksjaja, l` ilyleyk} SYEgf sl}ijik `f ulaujmj`jifi gfejf `kfof}nk sf}f iluf}}k``f} ulaujmj`jifigfejf ky}f u|uyfaejf ywjef fa sk}jilayjstef}!*

@f o|yfeja jaulaujm`l ul gf``f la|a y}fok ek}yk il FIA faeluy}f`,il u`k 53!333 sf}lu il mfulu laf`n|aku sk}yfik}lu2 l``k jaijef v|lul y}fyf il |af o|yfeja sjkal}f fa/yjv|ujof8 il ou il 633!333 fku!La =339, |a o|luy}lk il fèfaelo|aijf` }ltl` `f lwjuylaejf il ujlyldk}ofu il` nla il` SYE la Fd}jefu|mufgf}jfaf! Sl}k u`k `fu iku tf/}jfaylu lwy}lofu '`f ou ulaujm`l z`f ou jaulaujm`l* ul gfa laekay}fikeka |af d}le|laejf akyfm`l d|l}f il`fu skm`fejkalu fd}jefafu! Il `fu eja/ek dk}ofu }luyfaylu, |af fsf}lel u`kil dk}of kefujkaf` la skm`fejkaluak fd}jefafu 'a|aef la `ku afy|}f/

`lu il` A|ltk O|aik*, ojlay}fu v|l`fu ky}fu e|fy}k uka lwe`|ujtfu ilFd}jef!

@f o|yfeja jaulaujm`l f `f SYEfsk}yf tf`jkuf jadk}ofeja ukm}l `fus}jol}fu ojn}fejkalu g|ofafu! U|fey|f` ijuy}jm|eja z d}le|laejf }lu/sfìf `f gjsyluju il` k}jnla fd}jefakil a|luy}f luslejl '`f ylk}f d|l}fil Fd}jef*! F ylak} il `ku ifykufay}ksk`njeku z f}v|lk`njeku, `fskm`feja k}jnjaf` il` gkom}l ok/il}ak tjt la Fd}jef2 |a }li|ejiku|mn}|sk il `f ojuof lojn} gfel|aku >

Luyku gkoajiku f}efjeku ekayf/

}fa eka u|u s}ksjfu tf}jfaylu il`nla il` }lelsyk} il SYE, ul`leejk/afik skujyjtfolayl sf}f ildlail}ulil `fu ykwjafu il `f k}f `kef`! Ujky}ku gkoajiku y|tjl}ka iluela/ilaejf eka sf}lhfu Gkok ufsjlau,efm}f lusl}f} dk}ofu ijuyjayfu illuyl nla la skm`fejkalu l|}kslfu,il` k}jlayl il Fujf k il` u|iluylfujyjek! Sl}k ak ul gfa laekay}fik!L` luy|ijk il o|yfejkalu sjkal}fu lal` gkom}l okil}ak jaijef v|l akul s}ki|hk ajana lay}le}|xfojla/

yk lwjykuk lay}l G! ufsjlau z ky}kun}|sku g|ofaku i|}fayl luyf n}falojn}feja fd}jefaf gfel ilelafu iloj`lu il fku!

La m|uef il` d|aifik}L` lwfola il` gfs`kyjsk ikail }lujill` nla il `f gloke}kofykuju gl}lij/yf}jf ilo|luy}f v|l `f ekah|aeja il

`ku }lnjuy}ku gjuy}jeku z l` fa`jujunlayjek il `fu skm`fejkalu fey|f`luf}}khf a|ltf `|x ukm}l `fu ef|ufu z`f gjuyk}jf il |a ilyl}ojafik y}fu/yk}ak! La `ku fku keglayf il` ujn`ksfufik, faylu il v|l ul jilayjsteful l`nla il luyf ladl}olifi, ul kmul}tv|l efuj ykiku v|jlalu `f sfilefaekosf}yfa |a ulnolayk il FIA

L@ SL]DJ@ LYAJEK kd}lel la `f fey|f`jifi |af gl}}fojlayf ijfnauyjef }sjif

sf}f luyjof} l` }jlunk il sfilel} ilyl}ojafifu ladl}olifilu! Ekadk}ol l` fel}tk

najek il `f g|ofajifi ul tfzf olxe`faik, ilml} }le|}}j}ul f` fa`juju il` FIA

sf}f ltf`|f} `f s}lijuskujeja f luku y}fuyk}aku!

L` luy|ijk il `fu o|yfejkalu sjkal}fu ilue|m}l s}kd|aifu jos`jefejkalu sf}f

l` ftfael il `f olijejaf! Il lay}fif, dfej`jyf `f jilayjstefeja il jaijtji|ku v|l

ilml}fa ukolyl}ul f s}|lmfu ijfnauyjefu il ilyl}ojafiku y}fuyk}aku! L` }jlunk

il ekay}fl} |af ladl}olifi ul luyjof la d|aeja il` sl}st` yajek il` jaijtji|k2

f sf}yj} il luf jadk}ofeja ul ilejil v| fa`juju fijejkaf`lu ekatjlal }lf`jxf}!

@f falojf dfèjdk}ol, sk} lhlos`k, ul s}lulayf ofzk}jyf}jfolayl la jaijtji|ku

il fuelailaejf fd}jefaf! Uja lomf}nk, eka l` jayl}efomjk nlayjek lay}l }fxfu

z s|lm`ku, `f fujnafeja il` k}jnla nlkn}stek faeluy}f` k il `f luslejstejifi

yajef il |af sl}ukaf lay}ff} efif tlx ofzk} ijste|`yfi! Ekadk}ol luyf gl}}f/ojlayf ijfnauyjef mfufif la `f lyajejifi tfzf sl}ijlaik lstefejf, `f ltf`|feja

il` }jlunk il |af ladl}olifi k `f ilyl}ojafeja il `f lyjk`knf il `ku uayk/

ofu v|l s}lulayl |a sfejlayl ul mfuf}a la fa`juju il FIA! L` gf``fxnk il

o|yfejkalu sjkal}fu, fgk}f v|l `fu skm`fejkalu g|ofafu sl}ofalela ykiftf

nlayjefolayl ijuyjan|jm`lu, dfej`jyf} `f jilayjstefeja il `ku nlalu }luskaufm`lu

il a|ol}kuku y}fuyk}aku!

Il glegk, f`n|afu o|yfejkalu sjkal}fu s|lila ekaujil}f}ul efuku luslejf`lu

il |a n}|sk ofzk} il tf}jfaylu najefu sfyk`njefu! F|av|l ak ufmloku ykif/

tf il v| f`yl}fejkalu ul y}fyf, ul `lu u|skal |a k}jnla }lokyk! Yf` z ekok ul

ulf`f la l` f}ye|`k, luyfu tf}jfaylu sfyk`njefu ilmjl}ka }lu|`yf} mlalstejkufu

sf}f a|luy}ku faylsfufiku2 sk} l``k ul s}ksfnf}ka! Sl}k l` lae|lay}k il luyku

nlalu fayfkalu, fsf}lejiku la gmjyfyu }lokyku, eka l` fomjlayl z luyj`k

il tjif okil}aku k}jnjaf ladl}olifilu, v|l ul gfa ekatl}yjik la y}fuyk}aku

n}ftlu!

L` fa`juju il` FIA }ltluyj} u|of josk}yfaejf, s|lu luyfu f`yl}fejkalu n/

ajefu ak aku s}lijuskala u`k f ladl}olifilu gl}lijyf}jfu }f}fu, ujak yfomja

f y}fuyk}aku eko|alu! Slauloku la `fu tf}jfaylu najefu e|zf d|aeja k}jnjaf`

l}f dfej`jyf} `f uayluju il` ek`luyl}k`, uj mjla gkz eka``ltfa |a ajtl` il ek`luyl}k`

ilofujfik l`ltfik2 k la `fu tf}jfaylu v|l skylaejfmfa `f }lylaeja il `f uf` z

gkz s}ktkefa gjsl}ylauja!

E|faik ul gf``l `f ek}}l`feja lay}l sl}st`lu nlayjeku luslesteku z ilyl}oj/

afifu ladl}olifilu n}ftlu eko|alu, `f nlayjef ilhf} il ul} |af u|mlusl/

ejf`jifi il `f olijejaf ilijefif f `ku y}fuyk}aku }f}ku sf}f ke|sf} l` luelaf/

}jk elay}f` la `f s}ltlaeja, l` ijfnauyjek z l` y}fyfojlayk il `f ladl}olifi

g|ofaf!

Nlalu fayfkalu la `f olijejaf okil}af

@F]]Z

^J@@JFOU

Ek}mju


64/99

4= JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =333 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33=3 sso2 ul faf`jx `|lnk l` aijel luykoyjek il `fu gkhfu

htlalu, v|l ul iluf}}k``f}ka la `fu e|mlyfu f 543 sso il` olaejk/

afik nfu, z ul kmul}t v|l l` aijel luykoyjek il luyfu gkhfu htl/

alu l}f jadl}jk} f` il s`fayfu e|`yjtfifu la `f afy|}f`lxf f 543 sso!

]lu|`yfmf kmtjk v|l `fu gkhfu ofi|}fu jadk}ofmfa f `fu htlalu il

`ku f`yku ajtl`lu il EK=, z uyfu fh|uyfa u| aijel luykoyjek

f yf`lu ajtl`lu 'f*! E|faik ul jatj}yjl}ka `fu ekaijejkalu il e|`yjtk,

il dk}of v|l `fu gkhfu ofi|}fu ul lws|ujl}ka f 543 sso z `fu

htlalu f >=3 sso, ul kmul}t v|l l` aijel luykoyjek il `fu gkhfu

htlalu tk`tf f fh|uyf}ul f `fu ekaijejkalu il iluf}}k``k il `fu gk/

hfu ofi|}fu8 l` aijel il `fu gkhfu htlalu d|l ujoj`f} f` il s`fayfu

e|`yjtfifu f 543 sso 'm*! La }lu|ola8 `fu gkhfu ofi|}fu sl}ejmla

`ku ajtl`lu il EK= z ofaifa luyf jadk}ofeja f `fu gkhfu htlalu,

`fu e|f`lu fh|uyfa u| iluf}}k``k f sf}yj} il luyf jadk}ofeja!

f m

>=3 s!s!o!

543 s!s!o!

543 s!s!o!

>=3 s!s!o!

@F\]F

UL]AF


73/99

JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33< >6

ilulay}ffojlayk il `f afy|}f`lxf ilijegk dfeyk} jagjmjik}!

La |a ulaej``k lwsl}jolayk, l` n}|/sk il D! Jfa ^kki~f}i, il `f \aj/tl}ujifi il Ugldstlì, jay}ki|hk gkhfuofi|}fu il F! ygf`jfaf la e|mlyfu z`fu ukolyj f f`yfu ekaelay}fejkaluil EK= '>=3 sso*2 ilhfmf `fu gkhfuhtlalu f ekaelay}fejkalu fey|f`lu'543 sso*! E|faik ul faf`jx l` sf/y}a luykoyjek il `fu gkhfu htlalulae`f|uy}fifu la `f e|mlyf ul laekay}|a aijel luykoyjek o|z mfhk la eko/sf}feja eka l` lwgjmjik sk} s`fayfuekay}k`, e|`yjtfifu la `f afy|}f`lxf f543 sso! @fu gkhfu ofi|}fu sl}ejmla`ku f`yku ajtl`lu il EK= z ofaifaluf jadk}ofeja f `fu gkhfu htlalu'v|l ul iluf}}k``fmfa f 543 sso*, `fue|f`lu }luskaila fh|uyfaik u| aijelluykoyjek ekok uj ul g|mjlula il/uf}}k``fik f >43 sso il EK=!

E|`yjtf}ka yfomja s`fayfu e|zfugkhfu ofi|}fu, lael}}fifu la `f e|/

mlyf, luy|tjlula lws|luyfu f 543 ssoz `fu htlalu f >43 sso! L` aijel

luykoyjek il gkhfu htlalu d|l uj/oj`f} f` il s`fayfu ekay}k` e|`yjtfifula `f afy|}f`lxf f 543 sso! ]lu|`yf/mf, s|lu, ltjilayl v|l `fu ulf`luoki|`fik}fu il` aijel luykoyjektjfhfa iluil `fu gkhfu ofi|}fu gfejf`fu htlalu! Ul jnak}f `f afy|}f`lxfil luyfu ulf`lu!

@f ekaelay}feja fyokud}jef ilEK= ak ekauyjy|zl l` ajek dfeyk}fomjlayf` sl}ejmjik sk} `fu gkhfu of/i|}fu! Luyfu uka ulaujm`lu yfomja f`f jaylaujifi `|oajef z y}fauojyla `fjadk}ofeja f `fu gkhfu la iluf}}k/``k, v|l fh|uyfa la ekaukafaejf u|aijel luykoyjek! @fu gkhfu htl/alu il s`fayfu e|zfu gkhfu ofi|}fuul iluf}}k``f}ka la ukom}f lwgjmla|a aijel luykoyjek jadl}jk} f` ilgkhfu e|`yjtfifu mfhk f`yf jaylaujifi`|oajef z, ujoj`f}, f` il s`fayfu e|`/yjtfifu la ukom}f!

@f|}f Ul}af Gjif`nk lu s}kdluk}f yjy|`f} la `f dfe|`yfi il olijk fomjlayl il `f\ajtl}ujifi il Efuyj``f/@f Ofaegf la Yk`lik! Ul dk}o la `f \ajtl}ujifi F|yakof ilOfi}ji z la l` Jauyjy|yk Hkga Jaalu il Ak}~jeg! U| jatluyjnfeja ul gf elay}fik la lèkay}k` nlayjek/ok`le|`f} il` iluf}}k``k luykoyjek la F}fmjiksuju ygf`jfaf!

MJK@KNF TLNLYF@8 S@FAYFU Z EK=, sk} @f|}f Ul}af z Ef}ola Dlak``, la Jatluyjnfeja zEjlaejf, fm}j` =33=!

]LJADK]EJAN YGL JILF KD UJNAF@@JAN JA YGL UYKOFYF@ SFYG^FZ! @! Ul}af z E! Dlak`` laY}laiu ja Nlalyjeu, tk`! 67, snu! /4332 =33=!

YGL ]K@L KD UYKOFYF JA ULAUJAN FAI I]JTJAN LATJ]KAOLAYF@ EGFANL! F! O! Glygl}janykaz D! J! ^kki~f}i la Afy|}l, tk`! 9=9, snu! :36/:372 =335!

@f f|yk}f

Mjm`jkn}fdf ekos`lolayf}jf

O|yfeja Dlakyjsk o|yfayl S}ki|eyk najek

yoo Luykofu h|aykuF|ulaejf il luykofu la l` gjskekyj`k z yf``k d`k}f`

]lelsyk} uja ikojajk ejyksùojek

d`s Sf}lhfu il luykofu Uja jilayjdjef}

uii6 L`ltfik aijel luykoyjekF`n|aku luykofu h|ayku

U|myj`fuf

gje L`ltfik aijel luykoyjek f f`yku ajtl`lu il EK= 5/elykfej` EkF ujaylyfuf

:! \A ]LELSYK] EL@\@F] UJA IKOJAJK EJYKS@FUOFYJEK z |af s}kylaf fa uja

jilayjstef} 'D@S* josjila, }lusleyjtfolayl, `f dk}ofeja il n}|sku il luykofu fizfelaylu

z sf}lhfu il uyku! Sf}f dk}of} luykofu la l` gjskekyj`k z yf``k k}f` ul }lv|jl}l yfomja

`f jayl}tlaeja il` }lelsyk}! \af u|myj`fuf z |af 5/elykfej` EkF ujaylyfuf josjila l`

jae}lolayk il` aijel luykoyjek! @f uln|aif laxjof, v|l efyf`jxf `f dk}ofeja il ejiku

n}fuku il efilaf `f}nf il `fu el}fu il `f e|ye|`f, jayl}tjlal e|faik `fu s`fayfu ul

e|`yjtfa mfhk ajtl`lu l`ltfiku il EK=2 sk} u| sf}yl, ul lwjnl `f s}lulaejf il u|myj`fuf sf}f

ltjyf} `f dk}ofeja il luykofu ekayjn|ku!

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UL]AF


74/99

>= JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =335

ekok `fu }lf`jxfifu la =335 sk} `fukaif ^j`bjauka sf}f l` Luy|ijk il`f Fajuky}ksf il `fu Oje}kkaifu'^OFS*, fsk}yfa jadk}ofeja ukm}l`f luy}|ey|}f z `f ekoskujeja il`|ajtl}uk s}jojyjtk 'tful `f stn|}f =*!Sk} ky}f sf}yl, `f fajuky}ksf il `fsk`f}jxfeja il` DEO ski}f ilutl`f}`f ijaojef il` |ajtl}uk s}jojyjtk8l` oktjojlayk il` ofyl}jf` la l`s`fuof s}jok}ijf` z l` aol}k ilkaifu n}ftjyfyk}jfu!

@f sk`f}jxfeja@f sk`f}jxfeja il` DEO ul k}jnjala l` s`fuof s}jok}ijf` ekok eka/ule|laejf il `f jayl}feeja lay}l `kudkykalu z `ku l`ley}kalu `jm}lu, dla/olak ``fofik ijusl}uja Ygkouka'tful `f stn|}f *! Ujefomjfoku a|luy}k ujuylof il }ldl/}laejf sk} l` il |a l`ley}a fju`fik,

aku sf}lel} v|l l` s`fuof layk}akul o|ltl gfejf akuky}ku la ykifu `fuij}leejkalu! S|luyk v|l l` s`fuof ulilus`fxf f f`yfu tl`kejifilu, fsf}l/ela ldleyku }l`fyjtjuyfu8 `f sk}ejail s`fuof v|l ftfael gfejf akuky}kuaku sf}lel} ou m}j``fayl v|l |afsk}eja jaotj`! E|fayk ou }sjikul o|ltf l` s`fuof, ou m}j``fayl`k tl}loku! S|luyk v|l l` ofyl}jf`v|l ul ilus`fxf gfejf akuky}ku sk}il`fayl z sk} ily}u ul fs}kwjof f|af tl`kejifi ofzk} v|l l` ofyl/

6! L@ JAYL]DL]KOLY]K IL LUEF@F FAN\@F] IL N]FIKU 'IFUJ*, jauyf`fik la `fFay}yjif, d|l l` s}jol} jauy}|olayk v|l ilyley `f sk`f}jxfeja il `f }fijfeja il` dkaikeuojek il oje}kkaifu2 d|l la =33=! O|egku ky}ku jauy}|olayku jaylayfa fgk}f }ldjaf}`fu s}jol}fu olijejkalu! Ul lusl}f v|l luyf jadk}ofeja fsk}yl `|x ukm}l s}ksjlifilud|aifolayf`lu il` |ajtl}uk s}jojyjtk, ekok `f ijaojef z `f ekoskujeja il` s`fuofs}jok}ijf` z `f s}lulaejf il kaifu n}ftjyfyk}jfu! @ku lijdjejku s}jaejsf`lu il `f luyfejaFo|aiula/Uekyy il` sk`k U|} ul fs}lejfa la l` gk}jxkayl!

EK]YLUJF

IL

HKGA

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Uejlayjuy


76/99

>9 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =3333 oj``kalu ilfku2 gfa sfufik sk} ijuyjayku ftfyf/}lu, v|l ski}fa gfml} ekayfojafik`ku ifyku! Ak ufmloku uj yf`lu dla/olaku joslij}a `f ilyleeja il `fukaifu il n}ftlifi!

Lwy}feeja il `f jadk}ofejaL` dkaik euojek il oje}kkaifu lu|af skil}kuf gl}}fojlayf sf}f l` lu/y|ijk il` |ajtl}uk s}jojyjtk ak u`ksk}v|l `fu tf}jfejkalu la l` m}j``kz la `f sk`f}jxfeja n|f}ila |af}l`feja ij}leyf eka `f ilaujifi, lòktjojlayk z l` ekaylajik il kaifuil n}ftlifi il` s`fuof s}jok}ijf`,ujak yfomja sk}v|l `fu s}ksjlif/ilu z `f ijaojef il` |ajtl}uk f `f

9! @F ]FIJFEJKA L@LEY]KOFNALYJEF AK SK@F]JXFIF ekaujuyl la `f kuej`feja ilefosku lèy}jeku sl}slaije|`f}lu f `f ij}leeja il s}ksfnfeja, sl}k, sk} `k ilou,eka |af k}jlayfeja f`lfyk}jf! L` sfuk il luyf }fijfeja f y}ftu il |a dj`y}k luslejf`sk`f}jxf `f `|x, il dk}of v|l `ku efosku lèy}jeku ul k}jlayfa la |af ajef ij}leejas}ldl}laejf`!


78/99

>4 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33:

skil}kufu gl}}fojlayfu sf}f l` luy|/ijk il `f sk`f}jxfeja s}jok}ijf` lae|fayk ekojlaela f d|aejkaf} f `k`f}nk il `ku s}wjoku fku!

L` dkaik euojek il oje}kkaifuak lu `f ajef d|layl il oje}kkaifusk`f}jxfifu! @ku l`ley}kalu z l` sk`tkil` jayl}jk} il a|luy}f nf`fwjf z il`ku kmhlyku lwy}fnfèyjeku sk`f}jxfayfomja `f }fijfeja f `fu `kanjy|iluil kaif il` DEO! F|av|l luyfu ulf/`lu sk`f}jxfifu s|ijl}fa ul} imj`lu,ak luy e`f}k uj ilmla ilus}lejf}ul,la sf}yje|`f} e|faik ul y}fyf il il/yleyf} `f yla|l ulf` il `fu kaifun}ftjyfyk}jfu! Fdk}y|afifolayl, `kulusley}ku il d}le|laejf il luyfuky}fu d|laylu ijstl}la il` lusley}kil` DEO2 sk} luk, ul luy s`falfaik

olij} `f sk`f}jxfeja ekuok`njefla tf}jfu `kanjy|ilu il kaif! Luyfukmul}tfejkalu ilml}fa jilayjstef} ij/egk }|jik z fju`f}`k il `fu ulf`luil k}jnla ekuok`njek!

V|lif o|egk efojak sk} }lek/}}l} la l` luy|ijk il `f sk`f}jxfejail` DEO! F|a fu, ul gf s}kn}luf/ik mfuyfayl! La ulsyjlom}l il =339,tf}jku n}|sku lwsl}jolayf`lu `kuil IFUJ, l` Ef}yn}fdk il `f Sk`f/}jxfeja il `f Fajuky}ksf Euojef'EFSOFS* z l` E}lfik} il Jonl/

alu il` Dkaik Euojek 'EMJ* gj/ejl}ka sm`jefu `fu a|ltfu olijifuil `f sk`f}jxfeja il` DEO! @kuejlaysteku il` ÔFS fa|aejf}as}kayk u|u }lu|`yfiku! I|}fayl `ku`yjoku olulu, tf}jku n}failu s}k/zleyku a|ltku, ekok l` Lwsl}jolayk

E}lfik} il Jonlalu V+\ 'V\JLY*z V\LUY il IFUJ 'V|fI*, gfa ja/e}lolayfik u|u lud|l}xku! Luyku zky}ku lwsl}jolayku s}ksk}ejkaf}aa|ltku }lu|`yfiku, jayl}lufaylu z v|j/x uk}s}lailaylu, ukm}l `f ijaojefil` |ajtl}uk s}jojyjtk!

Ofyygl~ Gliofa lu jatluyjnfik} fukejfik il` ilsf}yfolayk il fuy}kakof il `f\ajtl}ujifi Ek}al``! Sf}yjejs la `f ilyleeja il `f sk`f}jxfeja il` dkaik euojekil oje}kkaifu la u|u fku il ikeyk}faik il `f \ajtl}ujifi il S}jaelyka z, `|lnk,ujlaik zf jatluyjnfik} il` Elay}k il Dujef Ekuok`njef 'gkz Jauyjy|yk Bft`j il DujefEkuok`njef* il `f \ajtl}ujifi il Egjefnk! Fey|fòlayl ul ke|sf il` fa`juju il `kuifyku latjfiku sk} `f aftl Efuujaj iluil Ufy|}ak!Fol}jefa Uejlay juy Ofnfxjal!

DJ]UY/ZLF] ^J@BJAUKA OJE]K^FTL FAJUKY]KSZ S]KML 'ÔFS* KMUL]TFYJKAU8 S]L@JOJAF]ZOFSU FAI MFUJE ]LU\@YU! E! @! Mlaalyy ly f`! la Ygl Fuy}ksgzujef` Hk|}af` U|ss`l/olay Ul}jlu , tk`! 697, snu! 6/=>2 =335!

SK@F]JXFYJKA KMUL]TFYJKAU ^JYG YGL EKUOJE MFEBN]K\AI JOFNL]! F! E! U! ]liglfi lyf`! la Uejlael, tk`! 534, snu! 754/7992 =339!

DJ]UY OLFU\]LOLAYU KD YGL SK@F]JXFYJKA KD YGL EKUOJE OJE]K/^FTL MFEBN]K\AI FYUOF@@ FAN\@F] UEF@LU D]KO EFSOFS! I! Mf}bfyu ly f`! la Fuy}ksgzujef` Hk|}af`@lyyl}u, tk`! 46:, sn! @6=>2 =33

IFUJ YG]LL/ZLF] EKUOJE OJE]K^FTL MFEBN]K\AI SK@F]JXFYJKA ]LU\@YU! L! O! @ljyeg,H! O! Bktfe, A! ^! Gf`tl}uka, H! L! Ef}ùy}ko, E! S}zbl z O! ^! L! Uojyg la YglFuy}ksgzujef` Hk|}af`, tk`! 4=9, snu! 63/=32 =33

L` f|yk}

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Ukaif j`bjaukasf}f f Fajuky}ksfil fu Oje}kkaifu

Ef}yn}fdk il` DkaikEuojek

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63! @FU FAJUKY]KSJFU IL@ M]J@@K 'jxv| jl}if* z il `f sk`f}jxf/eja il okik L 'il}legf* il` dkaik euojek il oje}kkaifuul s|lila e|fayjdjef} eka |a lusley}k il skylaejfu, v|l o|luy}f`f fos`jy|i il `fu tf}jfejkalu f ijdl}laylu luef`fu fan|`f}lu!Fv| ul ekosf}fa `fu s}lijeejkalu yl}jefu eka `ku }lu|`yfiku iltf}jku jauy}|olayku! La l` |ajtl}uk s}jojyjtk, efif s}keluk ylafu| josk}yfaejf f |af ilyl}ojafif luef`f2 `ku }funku ek}}luska/ijlaylu f ijdl}laylu luef`fu fan|`f}lu }lojyla, s|lu, f dla/olaku ijtl}uku fekaylejiku la l` s`fuof s}jok}ijf`! F n}failuluef`fu fan|`f}lu 'ofzk}lu v|l = n}fiku*, `fu tf}jfejkalu }ld`lhfa`fu ekaijejkalu il `ku s}jol}ku okolayku il` |ajtl}uk! @fsk`f}jxfeja il okik L lu slv|lf, `k v|l jaijef v|l l` s`fuof

d`|f skek, sl}k uj `fu kaifu il n}ftlifi lwjuyjl}ka, ilml}faofajdluyf}ul f luyf luef`f! F luef`fu jayl}olijfu 'il = n}fikuf 3,= n}fiku*, |af ul}jl il sjeku z tf``lu }ld`lhfa `fu kuej`fejk/alu il` s`fuof s}jok}ijf`! @ku sjeku il `fu tf}jfejkalu il m}j``kul jilayjdjefa eka n}failu tf}jfejkalu il ilaujifi la l` okolaykil` ilufeks`fojlayk, ojlay}fu v|l `ku sjeku la `f sk`f}jxfejajaijefa v|l l` ofyl}jf` ul ilus`fxfmf }sjifolayl! @fu tf}jf/ejkalu il `fu luef`fu fan|`f}lu ou slv|lfu 'olaku il 3,=n}fiku* ijuoja|zla sk}v|l i|}fayl l` ilufeks`fojlayk `ku dkykalu}lek}}jl}ka ijuyfaejfu djajyfu lay}l |af ijusl}uja z `f ujn|jlayl,mk}}faik `fu tf}jfejkalu il slv|lf luef`f! @fu iku n}djefu ulgfa }lf`jxfik f ijuyjayf luef`f!

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82/99

73 JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33== => =>!>39!=4>!:>6! Efif |ak il luyku dfeyk}lus|lil lws`jef}ul }fxkafm`lolayl uf`tk l` `yjok il l``ku

|a aol}k s}jok il yfofk ekaujil}fm`l kmylajik sk}Dl`nlagf|l} l` =5 il ofzk il =33 7 z : ilml}a gf``f}ul alel/uf}jfolayl la `f st`f elay}f` z 6 = z 5 la `f st`f jadl}jk}!

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83/99


Uj sk} l` okolayk ak aku ke|sfoku il `f ek`|oaf la`f v|l ek`kefoku efif aol}k ekae`|joku8 uj 9 < z 4luya la `f st`f u|sl}jk} k jadl}jk} il M= l` }luyk il st`fuv|lif} ekos`lyfolayl ilyl}ojafik! Sk} `k yfayk luyfuiku ksejkalu ifa `|nf} f = skujm`lu ekastn|}fejkalu laM= 'ujlos}l uja ylal} la e|layf `fu k}ilafejkalu il`ku aol}ku la efif st`f*! Uj la M= ek`kefoku l` 9 la`f st`f jadl}jk} z l` < z l` 4 la `f u|sl}jk} kmylai}lokuou ekastn|}fejkalu skujm`lu8

La `f st`f elay}f` u|sl}jk} ilmloku ek`kef} fgk}f |afejd}f il` ekah|ayk r> 7 : z la `f jadl}jk} iku ejd}fu il`ekah|ayk r6 = 5! Luyk `k skiloku gfel} il 5 5 ? :dk}ofu ijuyjayfu! @k ojuok ke|}}l uj ek`kefoku l` < la`f st`f u|sl}jk} z l` 9 z l` 4 la `f jadl}jk}! Gfz 5 = ? 4ekastn|}fejkalu il luyl yjsk8 iku l`lolayku il r9


84/99

7= JATLUYJNFEJAZ EJLAEJF, ijejlom}l, =33

lnjsejf il ~lbgli|, s|ijl}f ul} |aefuk il ja|laejf ij}leyf! L` s}ksjkGjse}fylu }lejmj `f ja|laejf il`slaufojlayk oijek lnjsejk!

Sl}k Gjse}fylu lu il|ik} yfomjail u|u fayleluk}lu s}luke}yjeku! IlGkol}k, sf}f v|jla la ykik lnjsejktf}a gfz luekaijik |a oijek2 s}k/dluja v|l sf}lel gfml} lhl}ejik l`}l`fyk} il `f J`jfif, la}k`fik la l`lh}ejyk il Fnfolaa, la f mfyf``f ilY}kzf, ulna ul ilus}lail il `f `le/y|}f il ijegk sklof z u| ilue}jsejail `fu gl}jifu! La lul sl}kik s}luk/e}yjek, `ku tae|`ku lay}l `f st`kukdfz `f olijejaf ul }lokayfa f Sjynk}fuz Sf}oajilu! Fv|l`, eka u| ekaels/

eja il `ku aol}ku, ja|j}f la `fikey}jaf il `ku ifu e}yjeku, ifu iljosk}yfaejf sf}yje|`f} la l` e|}uk il|af ladl}olifi! O|z ijue|yjif lu`f st`jfeja sjyfn}jef il `f lue|l`foijef il E}kykaf, }ls}lulayfif sk}`f stn|}f lwjojf il Fèola 'ujn`ku /TJ/T f!E!*, il sf}yje|`f} }l`jltl la `ffafykof il `ku al}tjku z il `ku tfukuufan|alku! U| jayl}u ul lwylaijgfejf `f lom}jk`knf z ijdl}laejfejaulw|f`! Ukuy|tk |af }l`feja ij}leyfil `ku ulayjiku eka elay}ku el}lm}f`luf y}ftu il ilyl}ojafiku efaf`lu! Ulfèfaxfmf `f uf`|i e|faik ul `kn}fmfl` lv|j`jm}jk il e|f`jifilu ks|luyfu2ul ladl}ofmf e|faik `f le|feja ulilefayfmf gfejf |a ojlom}k il `fojuof! Ak ul y}fyf, s|lu, il |aff}okaf d|aifif la |af s}ksk}ejaluslestef, ujak il |af olxe`f fmuk/`|yf il ykifu `fu d|l}xfu il` e|l}sk2ak uka `ku l`lolayku, ujak `fu e|f/`jifilu k skylaejfu `fu v|l s}lejufaofaylal}ul!

F ky}k stùkdk afy|}f`, Losik/e`lu, tf fukejfif `f lue|l`f oijef

il Fn}jnlayk! Ul `l ekakel sk} gfml}lumkxfik `f ikey}jaf il `ku e|fy}kl`lolayku 'fj}l, fn|f, d|lnk z yjl}}f*,e|zfu ijdl}laylu }fxkalu s}ksk}ejk/af`lu lws`jefmfa `f ijtl}ujifi ilu|uyfaejfu! @f ufan}l ekauyjy|f |alv|j`jm}jk efmf` il `ku e|fy}k l`l/olayku! F sf}yj} il l``f ul dk}ofmfl` ylhjik o|ue|`f}! G|luk z ylaikaluylafa ijdl}laylu s}ksk}ejkalu! L` khkekaylaf `ku e|fy}k l`lolayku, sl}k`f tjuja ilslaif la m|laf olijifil` d|lnk z il` fn|f! @f ijnluyja

dk}ofmf sf}yl il |a s}keluk oleaj/ek! La `f olxe`f z ulsf}feja il `kul`lolayku sk} iku s}jaejsjku ks|lu/yku ul d|aifmfa l` k}jnla il `f tjif,l` iluf}}k``k, `f luy}|ey|}f z d|aejail `ku k}nfajuoku, fu ekok `f uf`|iz `f ladl}olifi! Sl}k ak ykik la `d|l nlkoly}f z luv|lofyjuok! Lau| sklof Bfygf}okj 'S|}jstefejkalu*ildlaif |af olijejaf lwsjfyk}jf!

La l` `yjok yl}ejk il` ujn`k T f!E!k}lejl}ka iku stùkdku eka jayl}l/ulu oijeku, Ijnlalu il Fsk`kajfz Iloe}jyk il Fmil}f! L` s}jol}kfmk}i ylofu y}fyfiku sk} Fèolaz s|uk l` k}jnla il ykik la l` fj}l,jae`|jiku slaufojlayk z ulaufeja!Uja lhl}el} `f olijejaf, `f ukom}fil` fykojuyf Iloe}jyk ul lwyla/ij gfuyf l` sl}kik }kofak, sf}f

}lu|}nj}, la ijdl}laylu tl}ujkalu zkefujkalu, f `k `f}nk il `f gjuyk}jfil Keejilayl! Lue}jmj ukm}l s}kn/akuju z ijlyyjef! Jayl}lufik sk} `ffafykof fajof`, fy}jm|f l` sf}yko`yjs`l f `f lwjuylaejf il |af ofy}jxekosf}yjolayfif, jilf v|l sfuf}ff |a f|yk} gjske}yjek sf}f lws`jef}l` sf}yk nlol`f}! Ul `l fy}jm|zl |alsjuyk`f}jk, lus|}jk, eka Gjse}fylu,v|l tjtj la l` ujn`k T f!E! z lu }l/ekakejik s}knlajyk} il `f olijejafejlaystef }fejkaf` z u| ujuylofyjxfik}

f y}ftu il |a Ek}s|u e|zf }life/eja ul lwylaij, la }lf`jifi, f `k`f}nk il ulju k ujlyl ujn`ku, iluil l`jajejf` Ukm}l `fu glmiofifu, e|zkyy|`k }lojyl f `f josk}yfaejf eu/ojef il` aol}k ujlyl 'ujlyl dfuluil `f `|af, ujlyl tjlayku, ujlyl sf}yluil` fk, ujlyl lifilu g|ofafu* z l`sf}f`l`juok lay}l l` ofe}kekuoku zl` oje}kekuoku 'gkom}l*!

@f Ek`leeja gjske}yjef v|l akugf ``lnfik ekauyf il |af ululaylafil km}fu lue}jyfu la ijf`leyk hajek!La `f dk}of la v|l `f ekakeloku ulekadk}of}f la F`lhfai}f il Lnjsyk!L` n}|luk il `f ojuof ul e}lf lay}l`f uln|aif ojyfi il` ujn`k T f!E! z`f s}jol}f il` JT! Sf}yjejsfa iku lu/e|l`fu fue`lsfifu, `f il Eajik z `fil Eku! Il Eajik s}kelila Ukm}l

`fu ladl}olifilu zLadl}olifilu JJ,v|l ujn|la `f k}jlayfeja il |afuUlaylaejfu eajijfu, e}jyjefifu sk}Nf`lak, Ukm}l `f nlal}feja z Uk/m}l `f afy|}f`lxf il` ajk, fu ekok`ku il ylof ykeknjalek`njek Ukm}l`f afy|}f`lxf il `f o|hl}, Ukm}l `fuladl}olifilu il `f o|hl} z Ukm}l`fu o|hl}lu luy}j`lu!

Il `f lue|l`f il Eku, v|l ul ef/}feyl}jxf sk} |af ofzk} fylaeja fìjfnauyjek z f `f okil}feja la `fyl}fsjf, s}kelila Ukm}l `f ijlyf la

=! Sfijfofaly v|lof jaejlauk la gkak}

il Kuj}ju! 'S}kelilayl il |a sfsj}k il `f

Ijafuyf ==!*


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jafofyk}jf! Ykifu `fu ladl}olif/ilu g|ofafu u|}nla il `f mj`ju z `flof, ile`f}fmf l` f|yk} il Ukm}l`fu fdleejkalu! Sf}f l` oijek gj/ske}yjek, `f ladl}olifi lay}ffmf|a iluk}ila k ilulv|j`jm}jk la lùjuylof il |jiku jayl}aku, jae`|jikl` s}ksjk sal|of, `k ojuok la l`tf}a v|l la `f o|hl}! Sl}k ak u`klu ofyl}jf o}mjif `f v|l sf}lel lalweluk k ildleyk2 yfomja s|lilaul}`k `ku fj}lu!

@ku dlaolaku il` o|aik afy|}f`}lsl}e|yla la l` luyfik il `f uf`|i kil ladl}olifi! L` f|yk} il Ukm}l l`}njola ile`f}f v|l lu aleluf}jk v|ll` oijek ekakxef ak u`k `f ekauyj/y|eja il u| sfejlayl, ujak yfomja`fu luyfejkalu il` fk, `ku fj}lu, l`yjlosk, `f }lnja nlkn}stef, l` k}ykz l` kefuk il` uk`! Fj}lu, fn|fu z`|nf}lu ekauyjy|zl l` lhlos`k ou

el`lm}fik il luf olijejaf nlkn}stefk olylk}k`njef!

Skeku lsjukijku il `f olijejaffayjn|f ul gfa luy|ijfik eka yfa/yf s}kd|aijifi z s}ktlegk ekok `ffsf}jeja z l` iluf}}k``k il `f faf/ykof g|ofaf la `f s}jol}f ojyfiil` ujn`k JJJ f!E! la F`lhfai}f! \aflos}luf v|l ef}nf}ka ukm}l u|u gko/m}ku Gl}st`k z L}fuuy}fyk, v|jlalu,ijuleeja olijfayl, }ltl`f}ka a|ol/}kufu luy}|ey|}fu il` e|l}sk g|ofak!Gl}st`k il Efèlikajf ijue}lsfmf il`f s}knakuju gjske}yjef z, f|av|lmfufmf u| stujk`knf z sfyk`knf la`f ylk}f il `ku g|ok}lu, u| jayl}s}l/yfeja ak ekjaejif aleluf}jfolayleka `f il Ukm}l `f afy|}f`lxf il`gkom}l! U`k d}fnolayf}jf aku gf``lnfik `f jadk}ofeja ekael}ajla/yl f `fu ikey}jafu il L}fuuy}fyk ilElku! Ulna sf}lel, ilue|m}j `fut`t|`fu il` ek}fxa z kmul}t u|d|aejkafojlayk!

@f fujoj`feja il `f olijejafn}jlnf sk} l` o|aik il `lan|f `fyj/af ekauyjy|zl |ak il `ku okolayku

ilejujtku il `f gjuyk}jf il `f ejlaejf!\a ujuylof ikey}jaf` ul y}faus`fayla ky}k il `lan|f z y}fijeja ijdl/}laylu! Uja lul y}futful, `f olijejafn}jlnf g|mjl}f ujik |af ou, ekok`f mfmjàjef k `f lnjsejf! L` jajejkil` s}keluk tf |ajik f` akom}l ilF}efnfyg|u, gjhk il @jufajfu, la l`=6: f!E! Eka `f fs}kmfeja il` Ul/afik ]kofak, gfejf olijfiku ilùjn`k J f!E!, ul gfmf ekatl}yjik zf laujnak il ijuyjaeja l` los`lk il |aoijek n}jlnk! F}lojik}k, oijek

s}kelilayl il Sl}nf, gfmf fiv|j/}jik `f ej|ififaf }kofaf la yk}akf` 73 f!E! F|av|l, eka o|egk, lòijek jaojn}fayl ou ja|zlaylil `f ]kof }ls|m`jefaf d|l Fue`l/sfilu il Mjyjajf, v|jla il e}ll} fS`jajk gfmf ujik eka fayl}jk}jifi |ad}|uy}fik s}kdluk} il }ly}jef! Fue`l/sfilu ukuylaf v|l l` e|l}sk luyfmfekauyjy|jik sk} sf}ye|`fu jatjujm`lu zv|l `f uf`|i ekauyjy|f |af d|aejail u| oktjojlayk `jm}l z lv|j`jm}fikf y}ftu il sk}ku!

@f y}faudk}ofeja il` o|aik }k/ofak mfhk F|n|uyk 'v|l }lja iluill` 56 f!E! gfuyf l` 69 i!E!*, gl}lil}kil H|`jk Euf}, foa il |a efomjk il

dk}of il nkmjl}ak, u|s|uk |af }ltk/`|eja ukejf` z nlkn}stef, f olijifv|l ]kof lwylaif u| skil} gfuyf l`]gja, l` Ifa|mjk z l` L|d}fylu! @fskm`feja il `f |}ml ul o|`yjs`je!F}}jmf}ka oijeku n}jlnku il Ylmfu,Ajelf, @fkijelf, Luoj}af z ky}kus|ayku e|`yjtfiku! \af ojuof ol/ijejaf z efuj |aku ojuoku d}ofekuej}e|`f}ka la `fya z la n}jlnk! Ulaku fil`fayf eka Ue}jmkaj|u @f}n|u zu|u]lelyfu df}ofe|yjefu, il staf`luil` fk 9> k s}jaejsjku il` 97! L``jm}k ekauyf il =>6 }lelyfu, ijtjij/ik la y}lu uleejkalu s}jaejsf`lu! L`n}|sk s}jol}k z ou lwylauk '6/64=*fsf}lel k}nfajxfik il fe|l}ik eka`fu ladl}olifilu, il `f efmlxf f `kusjlu, il` ik`k} il efmlxf z `f lsj/`lsujf gfuyf `f nkyf!

E|faik la yk}ak f` >3 i!E! S`jajkl` Tjlhk skail}fmf `ku ftfaelu il`f olijejaf la u| Gjuyk}jf Afy|}fàk fgk}} }le}jojafejkalu! Ekaujil}`f }lelseja fe}yjef il `f olijej/af n}jlnf sk} ]kof |a }llhk ilìle`jtl ok}f`, l` y}j|adk il` `|hk

ukm}l `fu tjlhfu tj}y|ilu }kofafu!Sl}k la ]kof ak gfmf |a gjske}f/yjuok ajek, ujak |af o|`yjs`jejifiil uleyfu! L` Olykijuok, `f ounla|jafolayl }kofaf! Fu ilakoj/afik sk} u| ile`f}feja il uln|j}|a oykik il ufaf}, ajek z lstefx,ikoja l` sfak}fof }kofak f `k`f}nk il y}lu ujn`ku z, f|av|l u|uk}nlalu ul luekaila lay}l `ku o/ijeku n}jlnku }lujilaylu la ]kof,u| ja|laejf ul lwylaij sk} ykikl` Josl}jk! Il `fu s}jaejsf`lu km}fu

9! Ekolayf}jk il Nf`lak f `ku Fdk} juoku

il Gjse}fylu! 'Jauyjy|yk il Luy|ijku

K}jlayf`lu il Ufa Slyl}um|}nk!*

il` Olykijuok, ukm}luf`la l` y}fyfikUkm}l `fu ladl}olifilu e}ajefu zfn|ifu il Efl`j|u F|}l`jfaku, lue}jyfla `fya, `f Njalek`knf il Uk}fa|u,}lifeyfif la n}jlnk! Lay}l u|u }jtf`lu,`ku Sal|oyjeku, eka u| adfuju lal` sal|of, ekok dfeyk} ekay}k`fik}il `f uf`|i z `f ladl}olifi, d|l}ka`ku ou josk}yfaylu!

Sl}k `f olijejaf josl}jf` gf sfuf/ik f `f gjuyk}jf fukejfif f `f stn|}fil Nf`lak '6=:/6::*, e|zf ikey}jaffafyojef z stujk`njef ul ekatl}yj}fla efaka f `k `f}nk il v|jael ujn`ku!Afy|}f` il S}nfok, z luy|ijkuk il`f olijejaf la ijtl}uku elay}ku il`f e|laef il` Olijyl}}alk k}jlayf`,}lef` sk} sta la ]kof, ikail fujuyjf e|fy}k losl}fik}lu! Fujoj` l` sla/ufojlayk il F}juyyl`lu l Gjse}fylu,eka e|zf jayl}feeja e}l u| s}ksjkujuylof! Fulay u| olijejaf ukm}l `ffafykof, f `f v|l ilije a|ol}kukulue}jyku, iluil ksue|`ku l`lolayf`luukm}l g|luku, al}tjku, tlafu, f}yl}jfu

z oue|`ku, gfuyf |a ofa|f` il ij/uleeja! F|av|l l}f ekauejlayl il`sl`jn}k v|l lael}}fmf `f lwy}fsk`f/eja il` m}|yk f` gkom}l, `f tl}ifi luv|l u|u ilue}jsejkalu ul }lujlayla fola|ik il luf ekad|uja! U|u ijule/ejkalu 'eka ofodl}ku, okaku jae`|j/iku* `l }ldk}xf}ka u| ikey}jaf il `kuy}lu ujuylofu8 l` gnfik, l` ek}fxaz l` el}lm}k d|aifmfa y}lu ujuylofusf}f`l`ku, efif |ak il `ku e|f`lue|os`f |af d|aeja ijuyjayf!

@\JU F@KAUK


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Investigación y ciencia 351 - Diciembre 2005

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Transcript of Investigación y ciencia 351 - Diciembre 2005