Itha Ninte Amma - Oct 2013

8/13/2019 Itha Ninte Amma - Oct 2013

1/36

?AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1


2/36

0AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

Ubt`lK

?. tMagbUpw Gl YUfbilKpw tfb.

0. tMagbsj Gl alcv{Qn` \l bMpw OVbs tUVllpw OXbMpw tfb

1. tMagbjp Gl oVpw oVfbmzlkbMpw tfb.4. oaXw oqjw tf\b ab p t\l` kMj @ffl pw tfb. {\tVy Mbvalcv{Qn` sMlj\lVMgb oabf, UbanmzaflSbMgl`b oabf, O{MobMgl`b oabf, oVssfayb oabf, UMvkjbkw, MyqXbkw, sQddbkwVpQb` fbfgb oabf VpQb Glfpw.

:. tMag ki vptfb, Gl kil[bMlabMpw fbmzlkbMpw tfb.

09?1 sk\vVw^ ? opV Zbkw^ 1? fsa

QYMPMT MB CJQZQ, LOPMOB KNNDOPOL,

@umedmbh bn. MV / 41?, Lobnrolo Cubatmnb, Tfrmssur - ?, Kjroeo, Mbdmo.

Yf3 9468 1096719, 0=89:91, 044996?

J-lome3 spmrmtmbcjsusIhlome.anl Xj`3 www.spmrmtmbcjsus.nrh


3/36


oab `l Up M aXw


Mpabmb Bpfb odb`w UbpM`l`bapp; Au frlw fbmp t`lel

kpfbtmcb Dubd`ppv. odb`w Autml`psQ O!Mpabmbto VqbbQp Autml`psQ Flt`lsQlw UpsQ erS`s

@McbpVlXv Mpabmb Bpfb Ubp Autml`psQ O odb`bs kvoa

X`pw. oaXbUbpw tjlMs abl Autml Mpabmbto oabptl Oab

Mb Ubpp, O, {\ml`l`b.

O`psQ`pw oMs`pw MlhvB G{V erS`kv\mMw!

O fykUbpp, oM @mzkbbpp.

O Ma`pp, oM keV\bpp.

O Mpabmb Bpfb Ubpp, oM Mpabmbto VqbbQpp.

O SnEmzlkw fjbpp, oM Oymzlkw fbQpp.Fl fylMpjV`psQ \laoyw! kMj {MbkvVylUbMgpw AVv SrWol b oUb \Vb

bpdbtVlXv; kSl kvoabtVlXv.

""`qSlapsQ alYlfl` U{kbsj Autml'' G VjflBMw Mpabmbs opMgb

\Vbl \njltlkv GhpVbslQpp. Au flBMw U Fltalapapw erS`b

GhptVVlXv. oUpcyapsQ \abelkgb Ubpw, \bmlBbs KqWV{gb Ubpw

OVp Us kwabpw.

Au VbapUlobs mbsMlpol{Vw SpcvQlapsQ @{MoXsglw VQ`lfp

VlXv. @M`l Autml`psQ MpabmbopMgbsj toflBMw Ubs erS`b Bb{Vb

Vol`babs; Gl Mpabmb Bpfb Ubp odb`bs klob\yw UbUv OUp

i f s Qpw; {\tjl i U gbjpw oa X k o pw Of gpsQ o[y {\l U psQ kel`w

UbUv jibpM`pw sBpw.

ssSf\p{VsU oMUl`b jibVv odb`bUpol{VolXv; @ SbfymbmpfbsU {\kfb

tl Of OUpifbVbUpVpjyol` \aolUw tfsdlap O`pw OUpifbbb.

OVpt\lsjVs, oM oabtl OUpifbVpt\lsj`p fylMpjw Fa`pw

OUp i fb b b .

Autml keb \nWMsglw keVl\w fhb odb`fpw OUpifbp.

MpUn Bbbslf Mpabmb Bpfb Ubp; \p{Vs Fltal \nZ`pw Of

gpsQ erS s OVb Ub mb V ol`b \bgp Fltal flgl b ap p. orSp j ol` Of gpsQ

MUylmanab A{Vol{Vw kebl Ofv MhbVv flkvVfb Fap OpVw

Vs l b ap p. Gs l, Autml psQ `lV U M Fltalpw Vpy ol` fb[w

Ofsg`pw `lVUsQpppl`bapp.

Fl OfUn`ol` tfSklbVzto! Fl fbfaXlVnVol` olVrfylMpjto! tfS

klb kzmanab `lVUM OUpifbv oabpVbjpw Speol`bapp odb`bUv

kz\p{V Mop\lsM @mzlktjmw MqQlsV oaXtfSU OUpifbvOymzlkw fbQp

MlhvB.

Fl odb`to, Ov G{V`pw FlSlayop O`pw keVl\op MUyM`pw @M

`l GUbp tfb olt\bpM.

odb`w Mpabmb Bpfb


4/36


MpMgpw oXbFlZdpw O``vt tofbjlkw3

GZbtldb` :

U Ubd odb`to kzkvVb =

MlV dn odb`w

Gs kzw \abmplfflfv ?0

tQlw kCdb`

OUpSbU fbmp ?8

Glw {\lU`bjqsQ ?6

t{Vkyl H.Zb.

YU V M gpsQ olVlfl` odb`w 01

kbtYl tYlkv

HM aMUpw HMoy`pw...... 07

tSfkyl H.Zb.

flM 11

kv\babv A Ynkv,oab`MqQlaw, bZbwKv U MV/41?

otUlao YwKvc, Vrmq 769 99?, tMagtRl 3 9468 1096719, 0=89:91, 044996?

j.lome3 spmrmtmbcjsusIhlome.anl

wj`smtj3 www.spmrmtmbcjsus.nrh

F{\Vb ?0.99Fapfctv ?:9.99Opfctv 8:9.99fbtSmtv ?:99.99

Yoyljbt 3 @y LN/DD/Afjquj nb oby òbk Yoyoèj ot Tfrmssur drowb mb govnur ng QYMPMT MB CJQZQ.

Gnr afjqujs drowb ntfjr tfob o Tfrmssur @obk, pejosj odd òbk aforhjs I :9/- pjr afjquj.

Pjhmnboe ajbtrjs3

Qurmobjeey3 Lormob Ajbtrj, Loryeobd,

Qurmobjeey Y.N 76: 7?6, Tje 3 94676 104=94

Lulòm 3 Botmnboe Lormob Ajbtrj, @ubhoenw Bn. ?,

Qom Djjp Pjsmdjbay, Bjor Bjlmbotf Tnwjr,

Oafnej Wmeeohj, Boeeosnporo Jost - 49? 09=

Tje3 9=4014867?7

Djefm 3Lormob Ajbtrj, Yobdov Bohor,Bjw Djefm ??9 9?6 Tje3 9?? 00464:77

Afjbbom 3Lormob Ajbtrj, Bn.4/1=/A

(Gmrst Gennr),Qt.Yotrmaks Afuraf Pnod, 1rd eobj, @utt

Pnod, Qt.Tfnlos Lnubt, Afjbbom 799 9?7

Tje3 944 00149000, 96?000?1=:8, =649?=644:

Wjeobkobbm3 Lormob Ajbtrj, Tjoafjrs Anenby.

Wjeobkobbm - 7?? ???. Tje3 9417: 074018

@obhoenrj3Lormob Ajbtrj, Tfj Smnb, ?7, Lmstvoeejy,

@jfmbd Osfo @fovob, Aorljeorol Pnod,

Aorljeorol Y.N, @obhoenrj, :79 91:Tje 3 969 -008=197:, Ln`3 9=461:??4:8

Knafm3Lormob Ajbtrj, Bjor F.E. Etd, Fnusj Bn. 0,

Lotfom Lobcnnrob Pnod, Knafm - 7609?6

Tje 3 9464 7998?99

Lobafjstjr 3 Mbtjrbotmnboe Lormob Ajbtrj,

Lobafjstjr, Z.K.Tje 3 99448491078?7:

VlgpMgbjqsQ....

AVl Ubs OBnRvGZb3 ......... tQlw kCdb sfqpt

knUb` k vGZb3............... MlVdn odb`w

k v GZb3 .........................................tSfky H.Zb.GZbtldb` t^lZv3 jbk tQlw, t^^b tYlkv,

tYlcb \b.\b, s\ldbp sM.F.

\btc oltUY3..............................V \b.kb

kptjc oltUY3..................................\n fb.Yb.

FlRnkv UbeXw3...................................................obUb

Zbssk & tjù v 3.............................. ^l^p Gw.Zb

Zb.b.\b. & skbwKv 3.............................. ^btYcv tYlkv



5/36

:AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1:AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

FMvtQl^ olkw Gp tMptl @Syw oUb fapVv Y\olj

`lXv. tjlMsolQpop Gl Mtljbl ssSflj`gbjpw \p Sbfkw

Y\olj sBlb {\lbpVv Fap kl[laX Mlayo. \abmp Ot`lQp

ib`pw kvtUe ^epolUfpw fgpflUpw fbbpflUpw AVpfhb Mhb

bpv. fyb\aol`b sBlp Y\olj {\lU Fap fyb`psQ fbmpnMaXbUpw aq\lanMaXbUpw Hsd kel`bpVpt\lsj koqeol`b

UQp {\lU koqew ophpfs`pw OUp{KebUp MlaXolMpp.

ssSflj`gb koqeol`b UQp Y\olj {\lUMgb kwifb

p Hfpw fjb` OUp{KeolXv \abmp odb`w OfbsQ MQpfapp Gp

Vv. OtUMw kigb AVp tUab MlXpfl Mlfv Gs OUp{K

ebbpv. \abmp Os` kzb Ubpw Adbslpfap mb

Y\olj {\lU`vpv. t`mpfbs klb[yw Gtl tfXsobjpw Gfb

sQtfXsobjpw OUpifbpflUp olw OfbQpv \Tbbbpv. ""atl

oqtl t\ Gs Ulob FapobpMqQpbQv OfapsQ oty Pl Dl`b

abpw'' (ol ?6309). Autml`psQ Ulob atloqtl t\ FapobpMqQp

M`pw Mlfbs Ulow fbgbp {\lbpM`pw sB`vVl VVvXw t`mp

OfbsQ fbabpw. Mlfbs Au fBUw olwkw [abpVpw t`mp MQp

fapVpw Fltal {\lfmyfpw Pl Mbpv.

\abmp Os` kzb Ubpw fbgbbdbslpfalUp mb

UUbd odb`to G {\lU`vpv. fyb\aol`b Fltal {\lfmyfpw

Pl OVv OUpifbldpv. koqe {\lUMgb YUw Fapobv U Ubd

kzalbp

oeVzw

GZb t l d b


6/36

7AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?17AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

odb`to Gp sBlptl olVlfv OfbsQ Gb`babpw. Vs o iqob`b Ubpw

Vs fbgbptl Fabjpw O`vp kzb @`babpfl Mhb`pM`b. O

fapw, ogpsQMqsQ @MpflUpw Ofsa OUp{KebpflUpol`b.

t`mpfbs @Sys OpV{\fUolXv MlUl`b UQVv. t`mpfbsUslv

OpVw {\fbbVv olVlflXv. Au kwifspdbv kpfbtmcMUl` fbmp t`le

l fbfabpVv AsU`lXv. ""oqlw Sbfkw Kjnjb`bsj MlUl`b Fap fbflefb

apv UQp. t`mpfbs O OfbsQ Dl`bapp. t`mpfpw mbcylapw fbapbUp Xb

sbapp'' (t`le 03?,0). t`mpfbs O opMqb OfbsQ Dl`babpM, t`mp Xb

s OVb]b`l`b sBpM GpsMll`bablw \abmp odb`w MltjMqb @ if

Ub sBVv> Fapato`pq. @ MpQpw^fpol`p odb`bs D^w. ObsU

Fap ^w Dl b ap VpsMlv olVlfv @ if U b Dl b ap p. fbap b UbQ b

fnp Vnpt\l` tfSU O Odb`pM`pw @apw @fmysQlsVVs tUsa t`mp

fbsU kon\bpflUpw Vs kzw @fmysofw OVv t`mpfbtUlQv D`bpflUpw

O`vv kl[bp. Bbj U BbM AfbsQ \abmplfflfv Uopv UMpp.Fv, odb`bs klb[yw @ MpQpw^bUv fjbs`lap OUp{Keol`b oldb. fg

saljol`b @ MpQpw^bUv odb`tlQp ^olXv odb`s OfbsQs`bVv.

odb`bs klbyw Vko`v Ofv OUp{Keol`boldb. odb`fpol`b U kvtUe

^opl`babpM`pw odb`bs klb[yw MqsQ`psv DdlpM`pw sB`vVl

Vko`v OVv Uopv OUp{Keol`b oldpw.

olVlfpol`b D^w l\bpflUp ololXv Y\olj ib. fbmpbt`lQpw

fbmzlktlQpw ibt`lQpw MqQb Y\olj sBlpM`pw Mlfbs fBUgUpkabv

fbmpol`b YnfbpM`pw sBp HsVlapfs`pw MqsQ olVlfbs klb[yoplMpw.

O{\Mlaw O`pol`b Fap D^w Dlbs`QppM. FlbpM, odb`w \abmp`l

Xv. \l\w DbQv odb`w MQpfabM`b. OVpsMlv odb`s tVQpf, odb`s

@{Kebpf ssSffBUoUpkabv YnfbpfalMpM. fbmpbt`lsQ Ynfbpfal

MpM. O Ofsafbv Gpw t\lMpM`b. @fmytUav ol{Vw odb`s OtUzcbp

t\lMpfalMlsV Gtlhpw odb`w MqsQ`psv Ddpfal`babpM.

av, fbfle fbapbUbQ`b fnpVnpt\l`Vv MpQpw^bUv O\olUol`bol

db MpQpw^lwK tfSUbfapw @Mpjsfapol`b oldb. OfapsQ tfSU olVlfbs

tfSU`l`b oldb. @apw FlQbfv olVlfbsU Ub^bpb, Gsbjpw @fmys

p sMl v. MlaXw odb btUl t`mp fbtUl Gs bjpw sBp fl Mhb p sovOflpw Odbfbl`bapp. Gl @ MpQpw^fpol`p D^w oqjw OfapsQ

tfSU odb`bs tfSU`l`boldb. OfapsQ {\mvU \abelabUv HM Daol` t`mp

fbs \tjv olVlfv FlQbspM`lXv.

Gs fybYnfbVb olVlfpol`p Gs D^w HVpko`pw olVl

fbs klb[yw OUpifbpfl GUbbQ`lMpp. olUkbMol`b GUbptUabtQbf

ap HsVbjpw ss\mlBbM \nZMpop\pVs olVlfv FlQbfv GUbv opdb`bv

Vap p. kqay tV Y tlsQ Yzjb p {\Ml m ol`b MQ p f ap olVl fbsU Gs Mp

MsMlv Pl MlXl Sbfk AVs. OVv G{Vt`l @mzlk{\Sfpw @U


7/36


Sl`MfpolXv. \abmp`l` Os` MlXpM, Gs erS`b O`psQ kzaw Pl

OUpifbpM, OVbs ol[payw G{Vt`l @htodb`Vv. el odb`to, kzn` tVYt,

kzn` {\it`, OfbQps klb[yw OUpifbl Mhb`pM, Os` tUab MlXpfl

Mhb`pM, OfbQps ebVw Gs @fflfb OUpifbl kl[bpM, G{Vt`l fjb`

ilKyolXv! lUol` odb`to, Pl Os` flhvpp, kvVpVbpp.

Pl Odb`pp, Gs tfSU olVlfbs, Gs O

`psQ tfSU`l`b oldpp. OVpsMllXv Fltal {\lfmyfpw

olVl fv FlQb s` p Vv. Fap Mlayw kVy olXv olVl fp

ol`b D^w\pjp HsVlalgbs`pw tfSU olVl

fbs tfSU`lXv. tfSU`b @mzkbbl, ss[ayw

\Mal olVlfv FlQbs`pw. Fap \t Pl MQp

t\l tM ke U bs Ob l b ablw OVv. @

Ob b jqsQ O ssM\b Qb p sMl p t\l Mp p.

s\l tjlsV VnYzlj kv\mb lsV Ob bjqsQ MQpt\lMl O kel`bpp. O`psQ

klb[yw Ob b Yj M X Ubd O

anw t\lsj @mzlk{\Sol`b oldpp. eltjp!

oqv, MlUl`bsj MpQpw^bs {\mvUbUv

\ab elaw t`mp {Mb kvVp ol {V ol sXv Odb p

odb`w tUsa t`mp fbsU kon \b p p, Ofv

tfb ol[yw \d p p. ""Ofp fnb''

Gp \d tl Mbb` odp \ Qbt`l ""kv{Vns`,

GUbpw UbUpw Gv> Gs ko`w AUb`pw@`bb'' (t`le 031,4). @ odp\Qb`b odb`w

Ubalmsv \bflb`b. odbv Vs \p{VsU

slv OpVw {\fb b p fl Ddv

Of \abBlaMtalQv \dp, ""Of Ub

tglQp \d`pVp sBpfb'' (t`le 03:).

@fflfb t`mp s\sv Vbabdbp,

Vl {\fbtb`babpp. DQ

t`mp \d p, ""i a Xb M gb

sfw Ubd vpfb'' (t`le

038). Of sfw Ubd p.

sfw fnl`b oldb.

odb`w apMlay

glXp sB`vV Vv.

Fv, t`mp fbs

op\b o[y

w \dp.

av, t`mp


8/36


Vba kvM abv \d tlhpw Dd p Ubv t`mp fb sU

slv OpVw {\fbbp. AVp fgsa {\[lU

s Fap MlayolXv. olVlfv VUbptfb o[yw

\d`psov fbmzkbv OtUM olVlfbtUlQv {\lb

p p. Bbjv OUp {K e Mbp p. Gl

\jpw Mbpb. OUp{Kew MblsV fapVbsFap MlaXw, Fap\t AUb`pw ko`ol`bb GVl

`bablw. Gl Fap ]l olVris @fmyw

Vspt\lMlVbabl t`mpfbsUslv OpVw

sBbbpfl olVlfbUv kl[bfb[op Fap

D^w olVlfpol`plfXw.

Fap o[ybUv Opdv, sB`vtV oVb`lfq

Gv t`mp fb tUlQv \dv t`mp fb sU sl v

{\fb b l V fb [ op Fap ^w olVl fb

tUlQplMs. MlUlMlab kv{Vn \bmlBbs \bQb`b Ubpw Vs oMsg tolBbbXto

Gp `lB U p ol`b t`mp fbsU kon \b tl t`mp Ubm vS Ul b ap p. \t{Vlkpw

opfapw o[yw \dsbjpw t`mp fgsa MlmytlsQ Vbdp. Vbd`

s bpw fbp t\l MlsV oM gpsQ kuCy b Up tfb `lBb MlUlMl ab psQ fbmzlkw

t`mpfb sU slv OpVw {\fbb p (ol ?:30?06).

UpsQ fbmzlk aebVol` {\lUM OUp{Kew {\l\bl UopvVs VQ

olXv. Gl fbmzlkbs tMl`l` \abmp odb`w Vs fbmzlkl Uopv tfb

t`mpfbtUlQv o[yw febptl t`mp OpVw sBpw.

U Ubd odb to G {\lU, kzw Vpd p Vltl jl Xv.@fblfbv OVv sBlb, Y\olj {\lU`l`b OVv oldptl kzbUbv

UMgpol`b odb`w FlQbs`pMVs sBpw. Ulw Obp Fltal UqbOboqp

oXb Y\fpw olVlfbs mbab Obp MbanQolsXv fbmp jq`b Zb toltRlv

taCsQppp. odb`w kzn` alb`lXv. albv MbanQw oeVzbs BbolXv.

kzn` alb`l` odb`bUv o Y\olj`psQ MbanQw kobpM. OVp odb`s

oe Vz s Qp pw, odb s mb s Qp pw, odb`s DXpw, odb s {\fb b

pw.

FMvtQl^ olkw UQp Y\olj Fap VpQol`b ollw. Gpw Y\olj sBlp

falMlw. tjlMa`vv \abmp odb`w MqQbt` Vnaq. \abmp odb`w {\fbl Y\

olj MqQb t` Vn aq. \ab mp O psQ Gl OUp {K e gpw U Mgpw \pXy gpw AVp

fl`bp Fltalappw jibs G @mwkt`lsQ,

tQlw kCdb`, BnRv GZb.

Mpdbv 3 FMvtQl jw GZb tl db \ab mp l ffl fb sU p dbv Ghp Vl Pl

@tjlBbp. Asj`pw Apw t\dpw t\U`pol`b Aapsbjpw Fpw Mbppl`bapb. @fblfbv ?:1oXb Y\w sBlb {\lbpMhbtlhlXv AsVhpVl

kl[b Vv.


9/36

=AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1=AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

MlVdn odb`w

FMvtQl^ olkw Vbapki Y\oljolkol`b @BabpM`lXv. ss{MkvVf YnfbVbs

av OQblU EQMglXv fbmp MplUt`lQp ib, Y\olj ib Gbf. Fap

`]l ss{MkvVfsU kw^ bv OUp SbU Ynfb V bsj Ofb ilYy EQ Mgl Xbf.

t`mp{MbkvVp G tjlMaMsU Uopv UMpfl ssSfw sVasQp fyb`lXv

\abmp MUyMlodb`w.

tjlM a "U Ubd odb`w' sMll aw ib Vp t\l sj, Fltal fyb p sQ`pw

a`pw Au {\lUt`lQp ^sVlXv. Au {\lU`lXv DXbfav UbcvRj

ol b ap tjlM bUp Ynfs Rjw UMb Vv. `t]l BbVw sBlb l Au {\lU

ssSffBUs UpsQ @fflfb OpabbpM`pw Ynfs RjolMp Autmls` YUb

bpM`pw sBpw. `]lMljw Rjw \pdsQpfbpfl tfb UpsQ @fflflMp

iqobs` UU vp kzn` olXv ""U Ubd odb`w''.

""kzUl` \bVltf'' G {\lU Mhbl Gfpw otUleaol`Vv "U

U Ubd odb`to kzkvVb


10/36

?9AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1?9AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

Ubd odb to' G {\l U l Xv.

OVlXv odb`bUv sMlQppfl Uopv Mhb

`p Hfpw U Oib U Uw. odb bs

erS`w Mfapfl opCySqV fhb OVyp

VUl` ssSfw sMlQp` OibflSUolXv

OVv. OVy Kl [ ol` Ggb o p l b ap bpwoUpcylfVlabUv kVw UMpfl odb

`s Ub^bfw kpmol`b

app @ OibflSUbs mb.

""U Ubd odb`w'' G {\lU

mabp sBlp tl ({m t`lQpw ib

t`lQpw fbU`tlQpw MqQb) OVv \bmlBbsU

\jlÙw sBbp mb`pw OfsU AQb

ps\lQbp MqQfpolXv. fbmpapsQ Oib

{\l`b @fflfbs fbmpb`pw oljlC

olapsQ ktlcfpw, sVasQpsfap

sQ KlUfpw, \pVb` Ubòbsj kn

Ufpw, odb`bs @Ufpw, \abmp {VbVz

bs oeVzfpolXVv. @fflfbsU Rj\p

cvQ ol p fl kzb Ubpw s\p

opVpb`lXv ""U Ubd odb`w''. \ab

mp MUyMlodb`bUv Ulw UMp \ab

\lfUfpw kvtUe Ubiafpol` BpwÛolXVv. OVv Ooqjy aVvUolXv. Ulw Ofv

klUbp {\Ml mb p tdlkl \pcv\

olXv.

Au Y\oljolkw Gl Sbfkfpw Fap

?:1 oXb Y \ so bjpw olVl fbs kvVpVb

l`b sBlpfl Uopv VnapolUsoQplw.

OtU Mpw Y\ olj {\lU Fap

@fU fba k V l Xv. Y\ ol j b jqsQ

fbmzlk\qw Ulw kobp Gl @fmygpw Uopv kl[bpMbpw. OUp{Ke

{\l\b p fl V fw UpsQ {\lU

MpoVl`babXw. \abmp Ot`lQv erS

` b kvtUefpw ib`pw Dl b ab

Xw. MUy Ml o db s Ubs kzw O

`l`b erS`b kznMabXw. olVlfbs

\pXygb fgapflUpw fBUw OUpkabv

fbmp YnfbVw U`b p flUpw {m \ Vb

Xw. \ab mp Ot`l Qp ib tMfjw

^leyl Up cvTl U gb ol{Vw FVp lsV

@ ab M ol`b Ubs erS b @h s Q

Xw. Bbj l gp M fg sa [bMw Y\ olj

sBlpfalXv, `lsVlap ib`pw {m`p

oblsV VbQpb "U Ubd odb`to'G {\lU sBlbnpw. Rjb

`lsVlap OUp{Kefpw {\l\bl AsU

`p {\lUM kel`MolMb. fBUw

OUp k ab lsV, kzw Ynfb V b olw

faplsV, \l\ fhbMgbjpw Spnjgbjpw

VpQp sMlv, O\ fl S {\B ab bpw

opfapsQ Mp \dpw kMj Vh

tSlcgbjpw ophpMb`pw Y\olj ial`b

Ynfb p @gp M gp v. OsVlw M Qpss\mlBbM ÛglXv. `]l oab`

i Gl \l\ gbjpw Ubv Fhb p

Ubpw. O]fl \abmp`l` Ot`lQp

ol[yw Ot\ bv kM j \l \ gb

Ubpw SpcvVh gb Ubpw tolBUw

{\l\b p M`pw \pXy gb Oib fr b sv

fbmp YnfbVw U`bpM`pw sBpw. A

sU p ib lXv `]l oab` ib

(Y\olj ib). fbmpol`f fbmpbt`lsQsBpf fbmpalMpw (lUw 73?9). \ab

mp MUyMt`lQp ib`pw Y\olj ib

`pw fbmpv DBbVolw fw OUpcvTbp

s b Gl oab` iapw fbmp al b

napw.

\j fb Bl a Fhb flb HMl {K V

t`lsQ Fltal "U Ubd odb to' G

{\lU`pw sBlpM, VbQpfpw OjkV

`pw Dt\bv ib\qw sBlpM. êpol U tl sQ`pw olUy ol`pw ssSf Vb ap op b

jl`babpM. Afs`ls`pw fgsa Kuaf

todb` kwKVbMglXv. Autmlt`lQpMqQpV

OQppflUpw, {\klSfab UbjUbp

flUpw AVp Us fgsa`[bMw kel`bp

p.

Av \ab mp l ffl fbs mbpw

OUp{Kepw (Rj, fa, SlU


11/36

??AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1??AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

, OpV{\fUbUp mb opV

jl f) tfb fg sa t`sd Sleb p M`pw

{\lb p M`pw sBp f OtU M ap v.

fbmpol` Fap "Y\olj' {\lU`bjqsQ

jibp Hfpw fjb` OUp{KeolXvssSf

bs \abmplfflfv. ssSfogpsQ kzlV{ybtjv \abmplfflfv Us D`p

p. ""ssSfl ffl fb Ul U`b s Qp f

salw ssSfbs oglXv'' (tdlo 63?4).

Fltal oab` iUpw Y\ olj {\lU b

jqsQ kzlV{yoUpifbp ssSfoMUl`b

oldpp.

oab i Ul` fbmp jq`b Zb

toltRlbs flp M gb \d l

""\ab mp l fflfv Vs f[p fl` odb s

Fal ffl fb Smb p tl Ofb Qpv

OfbsQ \d s p M l b. \ab mp l fflfv

VUb l`b sVa s Qp fsa Of

fhb`pw Ofgbjpw aq\nMabpfl @{Keb

psMlv OftglQv \d`pp, kvtUe ilYU

to, Gs oXfln, Gs sVasQps

fab Ubs \pXygpsQ tfapM Un Dd

bpM ({\il 043?0). Of OVpfhb \pXy gbjpw {\kl S f a bjpw D\ayp\ab Oib

frb {\l\bs. Hfpw DVvMrcvQol` kpMr

V Oiy kbp Un tjlM b Ynfb

tl Pl Ubb OVb`l`b kw{\nVUl

`b. kzb Av @UoUpifbp Un

kz b jl b slv iqob bjpw \pXy

gpsQ kuaiyw \ab Ynfb p fl Pl

@{Kebpp. OVpsMlv Gs sVas

Qpsfab Un Ubss @fbcvMab

pM. Ubs kpmol` fbmzlkfpw OKl

[ ol` Ggb o`pw Uba a ol` A{b` Ub{K

efpw fbmb cvQ ol` {\l U`pw VnvXol` kvtUefpw SrWol` maXfpw op kMj

\pXygpw Pl Ofab Mp UbfrVb

`Q`s. odb`so, Un Gpw Gs oXflb

`lXv. Un Ubj`lXv, fbmzkvV`lXv. Un

Gpw Rjw BqQb UbpfglXv. Ubs

fbmzlkw fbmzlkbMsg`pw Ubs ssUojyw

MUyMMsg`pw Ubs korb sVasQp

sfapw Gs @j`gpol`fsa`pw Fap

s!''

\abmp O vv kobs Au

Y\ olj olkw fbmzl k tlQpw fbmp b

t`lQpw MqsQ Uoppw {\lblw. \abmp

l ffl fbs mb sMlpw ssSf bs

kMj OUp {K e slpw, Ofb Qpv

Us kals.

kMj VjopdMgbjpop fbmzlkbM

tglQv tBv Uoppw {\lb lw; UUbd odb`to kzkvVb! Mlfv UbtlQp

MqsQ, kv{VnMgb Un OUp{KenV`lMpp.

Ubs DSaRjol` Autml OUp{Kebs

fUlMpp.

""Gs ssSfw Vs oe Vz bs k V b Ubv t`mp {Mb kvVp fhb Ubv@fmyopsVlw UMpw'' (Rbjb 43?=).

Gs t\av sYUv. GUbv +0 t^lZv GMvklw (kb.^b.Gkv.A) fgsa ^pb

opl`bapp. Gbjpw olVlfbtUlQv ol[yw Ot\bpM`pw oab`MqQlabtjv

{\lUl kel`w fbgbv tBlSb pM`pw sB`vVbap p. OVbs Rj ol`b GUbv

Mlfv U fbY`mVolUw Vv OUp{Kebp. \abmp O`vpw Gs OUp{K

eb Autml`vpw Fal baw Ub Obpp. t`mptf Ub, t`mptf kvVpVb.

t`mptf @al[U.

sYUv, Mq.

kly


12/36


\abmplfflfv {Vbt`M ssSfbsj oql

os @glXv. OsU`l`babs \abmplffl

fbsU Gs kzw Gp \d p Vv G{V ol{Vw

mab`lXv> kzw G flv FapfUb {\k

ol MpVv O`l @{Keb Fap fkvVptfl Fap

Gskzw

\abmplfflfv

tQlw kC db`

(1)

fybt`l ossbjptol O`lgptQVv ol{Vol`bhb`ptlhlXv. ssSfw oUpcysU kzw

YUsov fbgbppv. Ulw ssSfbUv kzol`VpsMlv ssSfw O{\Mlaw fbgbpp.

\abmplfflfv Gs kzolsX VbabdbfbjlXv Pl OfbQps Gs kzw Gp

\d`pVv. GUbv kzol`b Fap manaopv. GUbv kzol`b Fap oUpv. GUbv

kzol`b Fap @fflfpv. AsVlw GtVpol{VolXv. GUbpVbsU PlUlXv MapV

tjlsQ {mbtVv. Gs manas PlUlXv kqbtVv. Gs manabUv @fmy

opVv PlUlXv sMlQptVv. olpw OVv UMlUlfb. Gs manaw \abmplffl

fbs @j`olM`l Pl Gs manas kvtUebpM`pw MapVtjlsQ \ab\ljbp

M`pw sBpp.

O sU s` b GUbp UM s \ab mp l ffl fbsU PlUs b ol alXv

kvtUebpM> \abmplfflfbsU ssSfw GUbp VVv Gbjp fbmzlkw sMllXv.

GlXv ssSfw Gb Ob fbmzlkw> Pl \abmplfflfbsU kvtUebpsopw

Map V tjlsQ \ab \l jb p sopw \ab mp l ffl fbUv Gb kzV { ol`b {\fb l

Pl OUpfSbpsopw ssSfw {\Vylmsfp. Gs manas Pl kvtUebpVp

t\lsj, GUbpkzol`pfsa`pw kzol`pVbsU`pw Pl kvtUebpVpt\lsj,

OVbjpw D\ab`l`b GUbp UMs \abmplfflfbsU Pl kvtUebpsov SlVl

fl` ssSfw {\Vnbp.


13/36


\abmplfflfv Gb fkbpVp

sMlv OfbQpv GUbp kzolXv. Gs

@fflfbtjp \Mas ssSfbs mb

`lXv \abmplfflfv. OfbQpv \bVlfb

Ubp \pdspfp. \bVlfbs Gl \q

VMgpw, mb`pw, \abmpb`pw Dslp

fUpolXv Gb fkbp \abmplffl

fv. Gb fkb p \ab mp l ffl fbUv

kpC oltXl ktl c oltXl Gv tjlM

bsj olapw OtUz cb p b . PlUlXv

OVv OtUz cb t Vv. ssSfw tUlp p,

Gs \abmplfflfv ktlcbjltXl>

SpCbjltXl> VQfd`bjltXl> kz{

UltXl> Gv. olapw OVv OtUzcbpb

. OVpsMlpVs Gs \abmplfflfv

GUbv kz ol`b UM s Vl Xv. Gs

kzol`fsU Pl kvtUebXw. Gb

jp OfbQps klbyw Pl OwKnM

ab Xw. Gs Db ae ky ol`b fkb

p Ofb Qps ktl c bUpw

fgpw mnMaXbUpw @fmyol`b

pVv Gsv Pl Vbabdb`Xw. Ofb

Qps @{Kew GlsXpw OfbQpsBbM GlsXpw Pl Vbabdb`Xw.

\utjlkv nel \d`pp, P {MbkvVp

fbs oU db pp (? tMldb 03?:). fb.

\utjlkv {MbkvVp fbs oU db Vv fb.

\utjl kb fkb \ab mp l ffl fb

jqsQ`lXv.

\abmplfflfv Gs kzolsXv

Ap Pl Ghp Vp tl Mhb p t\l`

OtUMw fc PlUpw \abmplfflfpwVbjp fyb^w Vbabdb`l GUbv

Mhb b ap b . ?=66 ssSf sos Fap

\pVb` krcvQb`lb. ?=66 opV 0991 fsa

`p ?: fclj`gfb G{Vt`l fjb`

OpV \abmplfflfv Gbjpw Gb

jqsQ`pw {\fbp. ?=6= opV Pl UQ

b` mp{mq c M gb sjlw \ab mp l fflfv

mol`b AQs\p. ssSfw Gb sB`vV

Mlay \abmplfflfbs fnay{\fb

M gl`b Vbab db l GUbp Mhb b .

OsVlw Mlfl` t`mpfbs AQs\Q

jpMglt` Pl oUbjlb`bappq.

Autml`pol`b GUbslap fyb^opl`bapp. \t, \abmplfflfpol`b

GUbpl`bapb. \abmplfflfv Gs

MqsQ`pv Gv Pl Odbbapp. \ab

mplfflfb Ubd`l tfb {\lbp

M`pw sBpol`b ap p. OVb U pdw Fap

fyb w, Fap kvtUe w Dl b

s` Qp pfl GUbp Mhb b ap b .

GUbv OdbfpVv Autmls` ol{Vw. OVp

sMl p Vs Gs {\l U M sglwAutmlt`lQp ol{Vol`bapp.

Gl fgsa fyol`b t`mp \d

b ap p, Pl \bVl fbs \ tjv

VbabsM t\lMp sopw t\l`b hb p tl

kel M Ul` \ab mp l fflfv fap sopw.

""Gl, Atl Pl Gs O`fs

OQp tjv t\lMp M l Xv'' (t`le ?73:).

""Pl t\lMpbls`b kel`M Ub

gpsQ OQptjv fabM`b. Pl t\l`l

OfsU UbgpsQ OQp tjv Pl

O`pw'' (t`le ?738). kel`MUl` \ab

mp l fflfl`b abpw Gtpw tjlM b

jl`babpM Gpw t`mp \dp. ""Pl

\bVl fb tUlQv Ot\ b p M`pw Gtpw

UbtglQpMqsQ`l`babpfl oslap kel

` MsU Ofb Qpv Ubv Vab M`pw

sBpw'' (t`le ?43?7).

Av Utl Qp Mq sQ l b ab p f

\abmplfflflXv. t`mp{MbkvVpfbs Ulo

b \bVlf` \abmplfflfv. t`mpfbs

Ulo b lU kvUlUw kznM ab ftal

fbmzl k l t`mp {Mb kvVp fbsU Ml

fl`b kznMabftal @` HsVlapfUbjpw

\abmplfflfv fkbpp. HsVlap oUpcy

s`pw manaw ssSfbs @j`olXv. HVp


14/36


Yl Vb`pw oVfpol`b ap ljpw kM j o Up

cyapw Fta ssSfbs krcvQbMgpw ogp

ol Vp sMlv Gl f ap sQ`pw man a

ssSfbs @j`glXv.

""Ub ssSf bs @j olsXpw ssSfl fflfv Ub gb fkb p

spw Ub Odb p b t>'' (? tMldb

13?7). Gl oUp cy abjpw ssSf bs

@fflfv MpQb sMl p p. U`pw Vb`pw

Vbabdb`l, \l\fpw \pXyfpw fbtfBb

db`l Fltal oUpcysU`pw OfUb fkb

p ssSfbs @fflfv kel`bpp.

t`mp \dp, ""@fflflXv Ynf UMp

Vv. manaw FbUpw D\ M ab p b ''(t`le 7371). Fltal oUpcyUpw Ynf UMp

Vv OfUbjp @fflflXv.

""ssSfw @fflflXv'' (t`le 4301).

@fflfl` ssSfw Vs @fflfbsU oUp

cyUp UMb. @Sb o Up cyUl` @Sl obsU

krcvQbptl ob Ubpw Vs Vs

Nl``bjpw klSrmybjpw ssSfw soUs

Qp oaq\bs Ulkla{gbtjv

Ynf mzlkw DuVb tl oaq\ b

{\tf mbv OVbUp Ynf sMlQp Ynf

mzlkw ssSfbs @fflflXv. (D\ 038).

OVv @S obs @ffl fl`b OfUp Ynf

UMb. es` krcvQbtl OtVt\lsj

Vs ssSfw Fap oaq\oplb. @Sob

Ubpw Ynfs Fap Owmw GQpv @ oaq

\ b Ubtf mb bv OVbUp YnfsMlQpp GptfXw oUbjlpfl.

ssSfw @SobsU KlWUb{S`bjlhvb

Ofs flab s` p M gb Fs Qpv OVp

sMlv kv{Vnv aq\w sMl Qp p sf lXv

ss^^b fbm S ol p Vv (D\ 030?,00).

flkvVfb @Sob Ubpw ssSfw GQp

Vv Of Up UM s @ffl fbs Fawm

ol Xv. ssSfw kv{Vnv aq\w sMlQpp GvD\b 0300 \d ptl Uopv oU b

jllw ssSfw oslap oaq\w kv{Vnp

tfb Dlb OVbtjv Ynf \Mv

es` krcvQb p sf v. Ofp YUb

ov manaw ol{Vo @fflfpw jibVv

@S b jq sQ l Xv.

lU bs \pkvVMw \d p p,

""Gl f sa`pw t\lsj PlUpw oVy Ul Xv.

ob Ubp @SykrcvQb`psQ \bKlob.olVr Ki b Pl Dap fl`b, Sl Vy

""GtlsQlp MlfbsUoeVzsQppfb;

Uopslapobv OfbQps Ulos kvVpVblw.'' (kn 1431)

Gs t\av cn^. Pl sBss Gw.sG.F.Qb. telkv\bjb tYljb sBpp.

099? opKlt\ telgbt{Mlkv Bb kv\babv A Ynkv UQb` [ylUb \s

Qpbapp. OpopV Mlfv Gs fhbUQb` OUpif OUf[b`lXv. OpopV Pl \Vbfl`b UqboqpoXbY\w sBlppv. Y\olj`bjqsQ olVlfpw

Autml`pw V OUp{Kev Ub \d`pp. GUbv :9,999 aq\ Fap MUb`b

Ubpw jib l Up l b ap Vv jib b . sBss oab sk db fv {\lb p

M`pw AVl Ubs O`b {\kbnMablsov @{Kebv {\lbpM`pw sB`vV

Op Vs \Xw jib p. olVl fbUpw \ab mp l ffl fbUpw Ub. Atl AtVl D

Vl`v olkbM telkv\bjbsj talKbMv GbpsMlQpppv. ssSfw UMb`

OUp{Kev @`baol`baw Ub.

cn^, Gw.sG.F.Qb. telkv\b, sBss.

kly


15/36

?:AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1?:AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

bs @Ub, \papc^nYb Ubv

Ynf jibp. ?9 olkw sMlvO`psQ a

l \pcvQb {\l\b p'' (lUw 83?,0).

\papc^nYb UblXvFltal oUp

cyUpw Ynf {\l\bpVv. @SobUpsMlQp

Ynf ssSfw e`vv \MpUMb. OfapsQ ogbtjv, klU \aaMgbtjv

\pap c n Y b jqsQ @ Ynf \Mp

UMb. @SobUp jib Ynf @Sobs @ffl

fl`b. el`vv jibVv el`psQ @ffl

fl`b. Mlt`UpjibVv Mlt`s @fflfpw

@t^jbUp jibVv @t^jbs @fflfpw

tkbUp jib Ynf tkbs @fflfp

ol b.

@Sy o Up cyUp ssSfw Vs Nl`,

klSrmyw, mb, Vs kzilf Af

s`lw UMb Vv Vs Ynf mzl k ol`

@fflfbjqsQ`lXv. Apw YUbp Fltal

oUp cyUpw OtV Nl``pw klSr myfpw

YnfUpolXv MbbslbabpVv. Ofs

Ubd bUpw opC bUpw fyVyl k op l t`

lw. Gl Ofs @fflfbUv fyVylk

ob .AapXb Fap fbc`wMqQb qb

tp M l Xv. \pap c n Y b jq sQ lXv

Ynf \M a s Qp sV b fbfl eb V al`

\j \pap c lpw Au Ynf \Mp

UMl kl[b lsV t\lMp p. klU

ilKyobl G{Vt`l \papcl UoppBp

bjpopv. G{Vt`l kv{VnM fyMgl`b

oldpp. \papcUp Mhbfpsb kv{Vn`vv

Mhbfb. kv{Vn`vv Mhbfptl \papcUvMhb fb . Fap MpbUp Yw UMpfl

kv{Vntl \papctUl Mhb`lsV fapVbs

MlaXw Ofab Ynf \MapflUp mb

`b l sV t\l Vp sMl l Xv. Fltal \pap c

^nYbjpw @fflfbs MXbM`pv. @

MXbM Ubnfol`btl`VpsMlv Ynf

\M a s Qp b .

Fap kv{Vnp l Mp fy V psQ

MlaXw Of Dapflstl Ofabtj

p \Mas @fflfbjpl` UbnfVzolXv. Ofp Ynf jibpsfbjpw OVp

\MpUMpflUp tmcb Ofp jib

b. PlsU hp Vp Alayw @ffn ol`b

ol{Vw fbtf Bb s tQ f l Xv. mlan ab M

ol` Fap ssfMjyw mlkv{VbUp Mp\bQb

l Ulfpw. Gl @ffn ol` Fap

ssfMjyw Mp \b Qb p fl Fap mlkv{V

bUpw @fpM`b. OVp Mp\bQblUpw

\abeabpflUpw Mhb`pf \abmplfflfpol{VolXv.

Ynf \Mp UMl Mhb l

Ubn fVzw Gp sMl p l b> \j Ml a

X gb Hw {\[l U ol` as op v.

Fv, fyb\aol` \l\w. av, VjopdMgpsQ

\l\w. ssSf fB U b sU Vb al`b Fapf

sBp \l\w kz`w ^ U b jl Mp fl

AQ`lpp. oabpt\l` MpQpw^lwKgpsQ,


16/36


VjopdMgpsQ \l\ Ynfbbabpfsa

^Ualpp. Flw {\olX jwE

Ufpw sMlj\lVMfpw Gfpw fjb` Ulm

op l p f l Xv. \qb M sB`vV

Aufb [ ol` \l\ Ynfb b ab

pfapsQ to ml\gl`b, UbnfV`psQ sMpMgl`b \abXobpp. \l\w

sB`vV f Up tfb, \l\ b oab f Up

tfb ssSf k b [b b Map X vl`b

{\lb p M.

^ U al` Vj op d Mp

{\lU`bjqsQ fbQpV Mbptl Ynfb

babpfapsQ tojp sMpM Ohb`pw.

Fltal oUp cyl fflfpw ssSf b t Vl M`l, Of ssSf o gl M l Of

fns Qp s Qp M s` Vv ssSf bs

\Vb`lXv. ssSfw Ftal @fflfbs`pw

a Mlwbpp.

Fltal oUpcyUpw ssSfbs @j

` ol sX b lU kvUl U so op{S b

jqsQ ssSfw Of ab Bbjsa Vs \ab

mp l ffl fbs @j olb olpp.

""Ubgb fkbp ssSfSol` \abmplffl fbs @j ol Xv UbgpsQ man a sov

UbdbpMqsQ>'' (? tMldb 73?=). Gl oUp

cyapw ssSfbs @j`glsXb Of

ab Bbj \abmplfflfbs @j`gl`b.

t`mp G {\Mlms tjlMbUpsMlQpp

fl sVa s Qp s f al Xv \ab mp l ffl

fbs @j . Of ab \ab mp l fflfv

fkb p p. lU kvUlUw kznM ab fapw

t`mp {Mb kvVp fbsU Mlfl`b fbmzl kw

sMlv kznMabfapol` @pw OfMlms

VlXv \abmplfflfv.

\abmplfflfv Fapfs @fflfbtjv

Adbfv OfUb fkbpp. FapfUp kzw

@ffl fp Vp t\lsj \ab mp l fflfpw

kzol`b UMsbabpp. Fapfs manaw

oabptl @fflfv tf\bab`pp. OVs

b @fflfv tf\bab`ptl manaw oabpp. Fap f oab p tlhpw \ab mp l fflfv

Ofs @VvolfbsU fbpt\lMpb. fbmp

ol`b Ynfbpfl \abmnjbb \abmplfflfv

Ofs @ffl fb tUlQv Fb tb ab p p.

Gl Fap \l\b`b \ab mp l ffl fbs

Fapm b`pw Dl b ab p M b . lU

kvUlUw fhb jib \abmplfflfbs op{S Fab

jpw UcvQsQppob.

(VpQapw)

""Pl MlfbsU \lQb kvVpVbpw3

OfbQpv GtlQv OVba MapX

MlXbbabpp'' (kn ?1397)

Gs t\av H v @ OK

b. Pl tUhvkbbUv \Tb p p.

Gs alw fc tUhvkbwKv \an

`psQ ko`v Pl oab` MqQlab

tjv fbgbv {\lUl kel`w Ot\bbapp. OVbs Rjol`b GUbv

\an`b U oltlQpMqQb \lkl

Mp fl kl[b p. \ab mp O psQ

ol[yw fhb GUbv Au OUp{Kew

UMb` Gs Autml`vv Fal baw

Ub.

G`v @ OKb,

FVp, Vrq.

kly


17/36


Autml Fab Fap mbmp fbsU fbgbv @alXv

Vgb fjb`fsUv VbpsMlbap OkvtVljl

apsQ ot[y Ubbslv, OftalQv Oapgbs`vVp3 ""Ub oUpVbabv mbmp

sgtlsj`lMpbsb kzalYyb {\tfmbpM`b. Au mbmpfbsUtlsj

fbUnValMpfas{V kzalYyb {\tfmbpM'' (ol ?6304). Au mbmpflXs{V

7= Gtfl ab t`l kbs oa X b Up tmcw Otyl Myl b so{Vl Ul Vv Gslap

\laayopv. Atcykv Vs OYKXs fgsa Vljv\aytlsQ iabpt\lp.

Otew fbmp t`lel nel`psQ Fap mbcyUpw MqQb`l`bapVbUl kbdb`l`bsj so{Vlolsalw Ot e bs D\ tSmw @al Vb Up tmcw ol{V olXv ko

fpw sB`vVbapVv.

kvobXl bsj fbmzl kb Mv Otew A sU s` hp Vb 3 ""fbmp Mpl U

`b Ubv oldb Ubp fp tfb ssSf tlQv {\lb pM ol{Vw sB`vVl

oVb. Gsl OVv Uopptfb oab t`mp{MbkvVpfbs manaolsXv Of

fbmzkbpb''. ?9: {QlY B{Mfb oV\nWUolawibp. Otew \ly ko

ab Ubpw oQp ko`v bcv Atcy kbsU fbgbv tBlSbp3 ""Au Ulbsj

YUsg {MbkvVpfbs Ub`ow \Tbbv fbp \bmlBv VlgltXl>'' ""Pl \bml

B3 ssSfSlksa MlXptl \bmlBv FlQpp, Pl Autml`psQ \ptalebVUlXv;

GUbv Yp\bdbs \bmlBltM''. {QlY DQsU M\bp3 ""A`lsg tdlo`b sMlp

t\l`b s\lVp fb tUlS Sbfkw Mlp or K v i X bUl`b UMp M''. Otew

{\Vb f Bbp 3 Ml tf, O b jp fbmzl k s {\Vb Gs Ynf ^jb sB`vVv

Ot`lQp Gs kvtUew {\Mlmbbl kl[bpVbUv Pl Ub \d`pp''.

DQUQb Bj`bv \ql Otew ssMUnbslQpp. olot[y so{Vlolapw ssfSb

Mapw Oto Ub Mgpw Ot es kznM ab l sBp. kvobXl b sfv Oew

t\ljbMlbsU @tcbp. OfbsQUbv GtRkyshpVb, ""Pl Gs mrwCj

{MbkvVpfbsU{\Vb febpp. OVbsU HsVlap Ub[bs`lgpw Pl fbjoVbpp,

OVv GUbv @ffn` \fbholj`lXv''.

tdlollv Otew GhpVb` Mb \d`pp3 ""Pl ssSfbs tKlV

l Xv. Pl {MbkvVp fbs Ub j O ol Ml fUy orK gpsQ S gl MQbv

s\lQb`lsQl @{Kebpp. Bbjsa Of sVlQldb. OsUs`Ubv kwifb

l Vb ab s''.

?98 Zbkw^ 09lw VbVb Otes kbwebUv ApsMlQpp. fjb` Ob

MsglhbsM ^lbs`lw Of Vbp. \btSbfkw Atcykv Vs MqsQ`pl`bap

Rbtjl, OKltl t\lZqkv Gn Zblv {\Vyspfs{V.

OUpSbU fbmp

OtylMyl`bsjfbmp Atcykv (+?98)

so{Vl, aklb


18/36


MpQpw Yn fbVw mb]b j ol b

slpw fbfl etolB U bs Gw

fb p sMl p ob ab p Au Mlj E

b DtSyl K Upw MpQpw Ul ] Up ol`

Fap `pflfv \p sf Mlay fgsa

ktlcbs`pw kwVr\vVb`psQVpol`b

app. \akv\aw kvtUebpM`pw @Sabp

M`pw sBp ilay`pw ilfpw. fgsaMhb fp Mgpw {\l Ul ssB V Uy fp op

Mpp. Vl tYljbsBp l\U

bs DVlUn`Ul` O`lv \j

tlhpw oU bsU Oj p {\mvU sg

tUabtQbfapp. Gl fbtfMfVb`pw

kpab`pw fbSylk`pol` Vs ilay

`psQ`pw UbcvMgal` MppgpsQ`pw

klbyb Glw odpp. kV

`psQ oQbb fg O`lgpsQ ilay \ab

mp MUyMlodb`tlQv ib`pfgl`b

app. fbflelbtjv {\tfmbpfl

@{Kebbap Of Vs ilfbfa @al

sXv Odb fb l Vb ab p tl Vs

YnfbV \lgb`lMl t\lMp fybp

tfb Y\ olj sBlb {\lb b ap p

sfv fbfle tmcw Of ilfbtUlQv

\d b ap p. Ynfb V bs \j toC j M

gbjpw \l\kleBay O`lv OUp

Mqjol`bapp. Gl @ kleBaygb

O`l t^l[\qw FhbflMpfl ssSfw

AQ l p M l b ap p. UbcvM g l` @

`pfVb`psQ YnfbV\lgb fbmpol` fbfl

eso MqSlm fbmpbt`lsQ kznMabl

Of gpsQ {\lU D\ M ab Vl b ab lw.

ssSf bs fBUw \d p p, ""fbmzl k

tlsQ {\lb p sVlw Ubp

Glw {\l


19/36

?=AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1?=AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

jibpw'' (ol`b 0?300). Ulw tBlSb p

Mlay ssSf bUv ebV M a ol Vl sX

b Vn`l`pw ssSfw OVv UQlpp.

{\l U`vv fjb` mb p v. MlaXw

ssSfbs fBUb Ddl`b \d`pp,

""tBlSb p HfUpw jib pp; OtUz cb

pf Mspp; oppfUp Vpdp

MbpM`pw sBpp'' (ol 836).

{\lb p fyb Mv fbmzl

kw @fmyolXv. ss^^bgbsj Fltal flpw

ssSfb Ubpw Df`l`VpsMlv fB

Us fbmzl ktlsQ kznM ab p tl

ssSfs`lXv fbmzkbpVv. {\lbp

tl ssSf tlQlXv kwkl ab p Vv.

erS \ a olV t`lsQ fyl\ ab p sMlv

{\lb p f apsQ erS`w ssSf tlQvtBbabpp. MbUv MlhvBpdfpf

mab`l`b MlXpVbUv MQ D\t`lKbp

p. Gl M Q b Gs bjpw Ohp

p\pM`lsXb MqQpV {\t`lYUw jib

pM`b. OVpt\lsj {\lbp fyb

`psQ oUv fbmpol`bapl ol{Vto erS

`w ssSftlQv tBpf`vpfl kl[b

pM`pq.

Ynfb V bs Gl toC j bjpw

{\lU @f my ol Xv. {\l U t`lsQ

kznMabpfs`ls ssSfw OUp{Kebp

p. ssSfl Up {Ke b jqsQ jib p Vbsj

lw ktl cfpw kwVr \vVb`pw OUp i fb

l Mhb pp. fbSyl iylk toC j M gb,

tYljb to C j M gb, Ynfb Vl v sVa s

QppVb, YnfbV \lgbs` sVasQp

p Vb, MpQpw Yn fb V b, kylkYnfb Vb Glw Uba a ol` {\lU

@fmyolXv. ktlcbjpw, Slab{Sybjpw

korb`bjpw {\lU OUbflayolXv, oUp

cy Yn fb V bs {\[lU E ol` Ynfb Vl

v sVas Qp p VbUv Uba a ol`

{\lU @fmyolXv. ssSfMagb Ubv

kznMabpVv ol{Vto mlmzVolfpM`pq.

OVbUl o HVp YnfbVlb {\tf

mb l UltXl ssSfw @{K eb p sVvVbab db lUpw Of {\tf mb l Ub ab p

YnfbVlb tf{V FaptlQpw fbmp

b t`lQpw MqQb {\tf mb lUpw olVl \b Vl

osg \TbbpM`pw kel`bp`pw

tfXw. Gl {\l U b l , ssSf

t^l [ ob l olVl \b Vl v GsU

VgpsQ osg \abmnjbbl Mhb`pw>

U b jqsQt{Vkyl H.Zb.


20/36


kl DtSylKUl` Fap MpQpw

Ûl] Vs fapolUbjpw O[bMol`b

\Xw sBj f hbv Vs oMsg \Tb b p.

OtVlsQlw YnfbV kuMaygpw UMb.

tYljb`b Ubp db` sB`vV @ MpQpw^

Ul ] Vs OVyl fmy Mlay sglsUbebpMhbl Qb.fb.`psQ opbjbapv

ko`w Bbj f hb pw. DtSyl K l` Vs

oM fnbsjb`l O[bM ko`fpw O

tUl sQl ob apv Qbfb bsj BlU jp M olb

olb \ab\lQbM MpsMlbabpw. O

sU b abs OQp g b iXw \lMw

sB`vVpsMlbap O sBdbs`lap kel

` b Ul`b oMsg fbgb p. oM tM Vl`b

ilfb lsV Qbfb bsj \ab \l Qb b Mpw

U v Aab p M l b. \j {\l fmyw fbgb bpw

oMgb Ubv `lsVlap {\VbMaXfpw Dl

MlVbapVpsMlv mlkUlaq\b O

tBlSbp, ob fbgbpVv Un tMbts`v.

Fp oblVbabv Gp \dpsMlvoM

Mtk a b tjv Blb ap p. O fnpw

oMsg fbgbtl tScytlsQ`pw m vS

op`b`pw oMtglQv \dp, G{VtUaol`b

ob Ubs fbgb l VpQ b b v. Os

m vSw @talBMol`tl oM au{Silf

b Os opC tp tUlb m vS op

`b \d`pM`l`bapp, obapVv. OsVlap

VlnVl`bapp. Vs FloU\p{Vb`psQ OUp

k a X tQpw \ap c ol` kwkl afpw V

gpsQ oVbs v tiSbv O`lapsQ MlVp

MgbsjlVbabl O {mbpM`l`bapp. ssSfbs fBUw \d`pp3 ""\q

erS`tlsQ \bVlfbsU êpolUbpM;

sUlps\ Os` odapVv. olVl\bVl

lalXv UbUv Yw UMb`sVvFlpM;

UbUv OfapsQ SlUbUv Gv {\VbRjw

UMl Mhb`pw>'' ({\il 830806). Bn fr

b Ubv BnRjw ol{Vot {\Vnb

tVpp. ssSfbs fBUw @fflfpw

YnfUpolM`l ssSfbs fBUw erS`

b kznMabv YnfbpfapsQ Mpp

gb tjv ssSfnM Ynf MQ p sB p M`pw

Ubnf {\fUgb Ubv oUv OM

sQpfl tfb \abmplfflfb Ubp

{\tBl SUw Dg fl Mp M`pw sBpw. ssSfnM

Ynf MpQbsMlpf tjlMbs ssUob

cbM ktlc bUptfb ko`w Bbjfhb

l {mb l db , MlaXw tjlM bs

kpC ob]y l Xv. Fap ssSfl j b

OUpSbU jb`b \sQppfl fap Fap

""sskUygpsQ MlfpUtlQp MqsQ`pv;`ltl^bsd ssSfolXp UpsQ Oi`w.'' (kn 473??).

Gs t\av kb oab`. kv\babv A Ynkv \pdbdb` MQ`bjp Y\

olj kCyw G \pkvVMw ssSfMr\`l GUbv jibl AQ`l`b. OVbUp tmcw

Pl Gl Sbfkfpw ?:1 oXb Y\w sBll @awibp. Au Mhb @Kv 1lw VbVbPl ssokqab Ubv olwqabtjv ^kb `l{VsBpM`l`bapp. Pl Y\olj

sBlbslbapp. ^kbs ss{Zf MMvQsd ^kv FlQbl Hbp. Gl

MMvQv ^ljkv UcvQs v ^kv sMl`btjv fnhl VpQb. @gpMsglw

t\Qbv Ubjfbgbp. Pl sMl Mb \bQbv olVlfbsU fbgbv Map {\lbp.

s\sv ^kv Ub`{XbjlfpM`pw OVbiàol` Fap O\MQb Ubv P

asQpM`pw sB`vVp. Y\olj`psQ mb`ljlXv P assVv klys

Qppp. @tf oab`!!

kb oab`, DS`Kbab, ssokq.

kly


21/36

0?AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?10?AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

`pflfbtUlsQlw O`lgpsQ @MpbMgpw

s\MpbMgpw Gpw Dl`babpw. ob

tlhpw Sbfy jb b Q b jp ss^^b

fl`U UQ p Vv @ \bVl fl b ab pw.

Awncv jlb MplU`b kzUl`

\bVltf (Nur Gotfjr...) G {\lU sBlptl Vs AQVpw fjVpw fm gb jb ab

p ogpsQ Ma tBp\bQbv ib

\qw @ {\lU sBlpVv GUbv \Vb

fp Ml hvB`l`b ap p. \ab mp ol` tfab

Ubpw opgs`Qpp mlCMgpw \abmpol

`b ab p otl. DtSyl K Ul` \bVlfpw

fbSylbMgl` ogpw Sbfy^jbptmcw

[rVb`b UQpt\lMpw.

VbM @ff fb mzl k tlsQ

kl[bVoll sov Map Vp HVp kwK Vb

`l`ljpw {\lUl\qw ssSfl{m`t^l

[tlsQ @awibpbls`b OVbs

\qV`b kol\bXsob. {\ilcM

??3?8 \d pp3 ""ssSf Mr\ mlmz V ol`

sGmzayw {\SlUw sBpp''. kpibV`bjpw

Slab {Sy b jp solw Uba a ol` {\lU

@fmyolXv. ""GUbbUb GptfXw, GpktlcolXv AUb MblUpVv Gv Un \d

` ap Vv. GUb p tf sVlw Dv, Gv

@\v falUlXv Gpw \d`apVv'' ({\il

??301,04). MpQpw^YnfbVbtjvMQptl,

fbfleso MqSlm UQptl \ptaleb

V f[qfaltalQp tBlSbp tBlSygpw

ssSfkb[b`b fv Hp\d`p {\Vb

Mgpw fbfl e tmcw \japw od p t\l Mp

Vb Ul YnfbVw fgsa Sp e ol b n apM`pw Ynf sUl Qp l @{K eb p fapw

fbfletolBUw kznMabl [rVbMqpf

ap ol f, {\l Ul \qw Glw

Ftlp M l sX b YnfbVw G{V k ol

[l U \qfpw ktlcw Ubd Vp ol

lol`bapp!

Fap oj`lg SbU{Vb M sPb

bp Fap fl FlpM`lXv3 Uf S

VbMgl` oMtg`pw ilfbsU`pw OfapsQ

tYljb jv \pVpYnfbVw @awibpfl

GQp fnb @b`b v @fmyol` Krtel

\MaX fll olVl\bVl \pdp

t\l`b. HVlUpw oXbqdpM Mhbv olVl

\bVl VbabsMs`b`tl MVvVs

il fb Ul Mbsj Pap opdb sv

aw flv oabpMbQp oMgpsQ orVman a ol b ap p. Sl Vy bsj s\lap t

QlXvUffa Vs ilays` sMljsQpl

MlaXsolXv fl`b Ubv Odb

Vv. Au fl`pw UfSVbMgpsQ fbfle

tRltl`pw MfapsQ oUb Ubpw ol`p

fl Mljol`bb. t\apsMlp {MbkvVylUb

@MpVb `lsVlap fbj`pobtl> G{V

s\ s lXv {Mqafpw ss\ml Bb M fp ol`

{\f U b tjv kll Vb b Ql

AQ`lb`Vv. tVl^bbs \pkvVMb

MlXp p, Vs ilays` kon \b p tl

il fl` tVl^b lkv ssSfs oe Vz

s Qp p M`pw ssSf bs Mlap Xy b Up

tfb {\lbpM`pw sBpp. tVl^b`l

kbs {\lU A{\Mlaol`bapp3 ""Ml

tf, Pl Afsg kznMabpVv YZbMol`

Oibjlclj, UbcvMgol` t{\oljl


22/36


Xv. O`psQ MlapXyw GUbplMXto! Af

tgl sQlp fl[ My b sj p VbUv Ofb Qpv

OUp{Kebljpw!'' (tVl^bVv 638).

YnfbVb {\mvUgpw, {\Vbkb E

gpw, sPapgpw, tfSUMgpw MQpfaptl

Ofs` OVb Yn fb l Ul`b ssSf tlQp

{\lb p M lXp tf Vv. MlaXw Gl bUpw

\abelaM ssSfolM`l OfbQptv Gl

bUpw \abelaw UMpfl Mhb`psoVv DdlXv.

Falsg Ffapp, O`lv fgsa OVylfmy

ol`b Mpdp \Xw @fmyol`bapp. Gl \Xw

sMlQplsov Hf Mljpoldb. AUb GpsBpso db lsV oU p V M O`l Vnap ol Ubp

\XoblsV fnbtjp t\lfpM`bsv. Gl

O`lp tfb Bbj ssSf tlQp {\lb p

sMlbapp. ssSfw O`lgpsQ Fap ^pfbjqsQ

OVylf my ol` VpM Gb p fl AQ l b.

elt jp! Ubal m s QlsV {\lb X sov

\Tbb p fl Ul`b jql kpfb tmcw ?63?8 fsa

`p fBUgbjqsQ t`mp \Tbbbpv. UnVba

eb V Ul` Uyl`l [b \s OQpv UnVb p tfbMQpsBp fb[f`psQ Ubaaol` mysQp

OkeUn`ol`tl Uyl`l[b\ Ofp

tfb UnVb UQbslQppVl`b D\o`bjqsQ

t`mp \d`pp. oUpcyogpsQ @fmysglw

Ofsal D\ab`l`b MlXp, OfapsQ `lB

U Mv Daw UMp, kvtUe \bVl flXv

kzUl` UpsQ \bVlfv. ""Mlfbs SlU

ssSfiUbUbv Fhb`pb'' ({\il ??3?8).

""kVykapsQ {\lU OfbQps

ktl cb b p p'' (kpil ?:36).

Mpsd fcpopv Gs

ktel S a lapw O`pw k ab b

ap Ynv O\ M Q b s\p. O`psQ manabjpw Vj`bjpsolw Kpap

Vaol` \abpM Hbapp. Os`

l Xp fl telkv\b jb Gb`

GUbv Vbab db l \l fb[w

O`psQ man a b ol kwi

fb b ap p. O psQ Ynf Ubj

Ubp so Vb tZlMvQolv

`lsVlap {\Vn`pobl`bapp. O

`psQ Of M GUbv Dl`erS`tfSU Speol`bapp. erS`w

Updpb ssSf tlQv {\lb p,

ssSfto Gs O psQ YnfsU

VbabsM UM tX, Mpd p fc

MqQb O Ynfbbabl OUpf

Sb X to . Mlfv Ov Gs

{\lU`vpaw VpsMlv FQb

fpMgpw opdbfpMgpsolw kpCsQpb

slv 8 fcqQb YnfbbablUp Mr\ UMb. ssSfbUp oeVzw!

knUw 6738 \d`pp, ""OU

Mljv Pl Os` fbgbpp;

Ov GUbv Daoapgpp''. HVf

bjpw Daw UMl Mhb p

mUpw UnVb olUpw fbmz Up ol`

ssSfw YnfbVbUv tMl`pw \abB`p

ol M`l HVp Ynfb Vl f `pw

{\l Ul \qw kznM ab p M. oUpcyUv Okl [y ol Vv ssSf bUv

kl[bpw (oltl ?9308). OVb Ul

Uopv {\l U psQ oUp cy al Mlw.

""ab l Mhb l fb[w Ml

fbs Maw MpdpMbtl`bb. tMl

Ulflfb[w OfbQps MlVpMv

olyw kwi fb b b '' (Hm :=3?).

elt jp !


23/36


FMvtQl olkw Vbap ki Y\ olj

olkol`b @Babpp. \abmp MUyMl odb

` tlQv MqQp V {\lb p fl Upw, olVlfbUv MqQpV oezw UMpflUpw, olVlfp

fhb ssSfb Ubv OUp{Ke {\l\b

p flUpw Au Of k a b fbmzl kb M

{mb l dp v.

ssSfbs fBUw olwkw [ablXv

t`mp {MbkvVp YUb Vv. OVp t\lsj ssSf

bs lUw olwkw [ablXv \abmpM

UyMlodb`w YUbpVv. Gv fbmp {Kw

\abtml[bl Upv oUbjll \pw.@Sy kv{Vn`l` e \l\w sB`vVv

ssSfs [b ab tl, e s` slv

\l\w sBbb \palVU ktlQv ssSf

ol` Mlfp \d p, Ub`pw kv{Vn`pw

Vbjpw, Ubs kb`pw OfgpsQ k

b`pw Vbjpw Pl m{VpV Dg fl pw.

Of Ubs Vj VMpw (D\ 13?:). Vs

Vj VMp flUpw Vs Umb b p fl Up

ol`b ssSfw Ub`bbap @ kv{Vn`psQMlayw @Syw OdbVv kllsUpw \bml

sBpw fbgbsQp @ \palVU kw

(sfgb ?03=) @`bapp. OVp sMllXv @

kv{Vn`psQ fafv VQ`pflUpw, @ kv{Vns`

UmbbpflUpw Of Fltal Ubobcfpw V{

soUbapVpw soU`pVpw. Gbjpw

\bVl fl` ssSfw flKvSlUw sB`vV @

kv{Vn Mljbs \qV`b Vs HM

YlVUl` t`mp {MbkvVpfbs O`lMlssSfl Ubt`lKbsp. Vl \alY`

s Qpp Gp oU b jl b` kw @

kv{Vns` Umb b l Fltal Ubob cfpw

Vs fl`b Ubpw USbt\lsj Yjw Of

gpsQ \blsj \pd s Qp fbp (sfgb ?03?:).

OVv Of Ubs Vj VMpw G

\bVlfbs \Vb UQlVbabltfb`l

`b ap p. Vs \ Vb Mp tfb \bmlBv

YUVMgpsQ

olVlfl`odb`w

kbtYl tYlkv


24/36


Av MqQp V D\ t`l Kb p Vv @

kv{Vn`psQ osg Vs`lXv. @ ogb

\japw kzw Os` Atlhpw Vbabdb`p

b .

\ab mp MUy Ml o db s Vs

\Vb \qnMaXbUl`b fctglgw

tjlMbUp opb Ubp @ \bVlfv odp

sfp. Gl fc p tmcw Vs

{\b` \p{V Ub jqsQ \bVl fl` ssSfw @

kv{Vn s` tjlMbUp sfgbsQpl VpQ

b. OVl`bapp MlUl`bsj MylXfbap

b kwifb @Sys oelVvipVw (t`le

034). Gl Os YUw \pVpfnpMp

Qbv jeab\bQbVlsV Of @kv{Vn

s` Vbabdbb. \bnQv \bVlfl` ssSfw

Vs HMYlVsU tjlM\l\p \abel

aol`b MpabmpoaXbUp fbp sMlQppM`pw

Vs {\b` \p{Vs al tjlMs

fbmpbMabpM`pw sB`vVp. kzw a

b jqsQ YUs fbmp n M ab l

{MbkvVpfpw MflQbUp \pdpsfp \nW

Utop (se{^l ?13?0). tjlMbjp kM

j ap tQ`pw \l\ bUp \ab el a ol`b Vs{\b`\p{V @Mlmbt`pw iqob`ptQ`pw

oty oqlXbMgb VqbMbQtl @

MlapXyflUl` \bVlfv Vs \p{Vs fbd

jb O[ a b jqsQ erS`w Updb \d

p, kv{Vnt`, AVl Ubs oM (t`le

?=307). t`mp \d @ kzaw \bVl fbs

m^vS ol b ap p. MlaXw t`mp \dp

Gs O`f kVyflUlXv. OfbQpsO[abUbp tMVv Pl tjlMtlQp

\d`pp (t`le 6307). t`mp \d Au

fBUw fbmzkbpsMlv Ugb G{Vt\

t`mpfbs Os` UpsQ O`l`b kznM

ab b p v>

flkvV f b Autml`psQ

mbcyol Ultol tal ap ap tQ`pw {\Vb Ub

[bM gl Xv. Autml psQ MqsQ UQ fpw

Autml psQ ssM`bUbv Gs bjpw

@{K ebfpw Of tBlSb sVlw

Autml sMlQpp. \s Autml @sas`

bjpw kvtUebpptl, Gb Ofp

VlXv Vs O`l` \abmp MUyMlo

db`w. t`lel t`mpfbs Os` kzw

O`l`b kznMabpM`pw, kwabpM`pw

sBpw Gv t`mp fbUv Do t^l[yfpw

fbmzlkfpw DVpsMllXv Vl kvtUeb

bap @ {\b`s mbcyUv Ofs t\ljpw

kVw fllsV Vs Os` Hbp

sMlQpVv.

\abmpMUyMlodb`s Vb \d`p

fta, @ Os` kvtUeb l fta,AUb`pw @ Os` Vbab db l f ta,

Ub Fp Vbabdb`tX3 Upptfb,

UpsQ \q \bVl olp tf b,

AUb`pw falUbabp VjopdMptfb

t`mp {MbkvVp Mlf ab o j b Fhpb`

aw @ O`b Ubpw kznMab aol

`bapp. @ manab Ubpw s\lQbp

fnX Fltal fb`p Vp b bjpw @ O

`psQ opjljbs Kw Dl`bapp.t`mp{MbkvVp fbs alw fafv

""Pl MlfbsU tVQb,OfbQpv

GUbpaoapgb; kf i`gbjpw Ubv

OfbQpv Gs tolBbbp.'' (kn 1434)

kvQp fbUv U olv jib p

Vb Ul`b olVl fb tUlQv {\lb Vbs

Rj ol`b GUbv +0 fbUv 6=% olv jib

pM`pw fgsa pbopl`bap Fap fbc

`bUv 69 olbUp opMgb jibpM`pw

sB`vVp. olVlfbUv Fal`baw Ub Ob

p p. @{K eb tMltg Yb Vs

Zb{Kbv OZvobc jibpM`pw sB vVp.

Ooj oab`, f`UlQv.

kly


25/36

0:AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?10:AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

@Mlwl\qw Mlbabp ssSfYUto,

t`mp{MbkvVp fp Mhb`ptl Gs O

GfbsQGp tBlSb l O]fl Pl

Ubp flkjw Fapl t\l`tl

(t`le ?430) Pl Ubsg fbmz kb tb

Gs O GfbsQ Gp tBlSbl, Ugb G{V t\ \d`pw @ O Gs MqsQ

Dsv> MqQlsV @ O U gb G{V

t\sa tUlb \d`pw Af Gs oMUlXv/

Af Gs oMglXv Gv, Afsas kzw

O s` tlsj kwa b p, GUbp tf

sVlw Af sB`vVpVp Gv>

U gb \japw \d l dpv Pl

olVlfbs fjb` iUlXv, Pl GpwolVl fb tUlQv {\lb l dp v, sUltfU

sBlldpv, Y\olj MqsQMqsQ sBlldpv,

olVlfv GUbv Gs kzw Os` t\lsj

`l Xv Gsls. Gb U Fp MqQb

BbbXw. UpsQ {\lUM GbUp

tfb> kbUptfb`ltXl, U tYljb

Mbl tfb`ltXl, MQ oldl tfb

`l tXl, OtVl os s bjpw ssUob cbM

kpC ptfb ltXl> Gl fBUw\d pp, ""Ub gpsQ fbmp n M aXw @Xv

ssSfw OibjbpVv'' (? sVk 431). Au

tjlMb fbmpbt`lsQ YUbVpw Ynfb

Vpw \ab mp MUyMl odb fpw Ofb Qps

oM Ul` t`mp {MbkvVpfpw ol{V to p q.

t`mp {Mb kvVp fbs Ynfb V b [lalgw

{\tjl i U MQ p f apVpw OVbsU

s`lw t`mp OVbYnfbpVpw Ulw kpfb

tm c b MlXp p v. Gl AVb sU

s`lw OVbYnfbl t`mpfbUv \abmnjUw

Mbb Vv Au \l\ s`pw tjlM s`pw

{\tjliUsg`pw \alY`sQpb` kzw

O`bjqsQ`l`bapp. @`VbUl Upp

lfp {\tjliUsg OVbYnfbpflUpw,

\l\bsUVbsa \Qs\lapVpflUpw, fbmpb

`b Ynfb p fl Upw, Uppw t`mp fb sU

t\lsj @ O psQ oM Ul`b/oM gl`b

fnpw YUb lw. Ulw G{V ol{Vw Usg

s ssSf bUv kz`w kob ljpw

OVp ssSf k b [b b kznM ab s QXw

Gb, odbv Ulw odb`bs oMUl`b/oM

gl`b Mhb`ptl @ U O, Ultoltal

apta`pw \bVlfl` ssSfbUv t`mpfbsU

MlhvsfVpt\lsj MlhvBsfpsMlpw. odb

`bs Fap {\lU`pw \bVlfv Ubakb

pM`b. MlaXw odb`w ssSfkb[b`b

Mr\ Msb`fglXv (jq ?306). @`Vb

Ul, Uopv G{V`pw tfKw ssSfw Fapb

`b ab p Oi U K a ol` (tYzlczl 093?7)

odb bs kwa X b Mnhb falw.fhb sVbt\lMlsV m{VpMagb Ubv @

U O Us MlpsMlggpw, @ Ot`lQv

Upv MqQpV {\lblw. @ O \bVl

fbs kb[b`b Uopp tfb {\lb

s. Ugbsj Mpdfv @ O`vp tfKw

oUkbjlMpw. O Uopptfb \p{V Vp

als opbsj oy`lMs. odb`bs

klb[ywfhb Gjb k^ b \ab mp l

fflfv Ubd Vp t\lsj U gbjpw @ \abmplfflfbs Ubdfv DlMs. Au Y\olj

olkb Ulw sBlp Fltal Y\olj`pw

t`mpfbtUlQpw olVlfbtUlQpw MqsQ, \abmp

lffl fb Ul Ubdv sBllw. U gbsj

\l\s Uopv \bhpsV db lw. fbmp b p

tfb \Q s\lapVlw. OsU UaM k

bs Vj VMpMG \bVlfbs \

Vbs` \abmpMUyMlodb`bjqsQ Uopp

kl[bpsMlQplw. kllUpol`p `p

b olVl fbs sskUy bsj opXb

t\lalgbMgl`b Uopp oldlw. @Sbo ki`b

kwifb \pkvVlUpifwFab MqQb

Vbapki`b kwifbl Uoppw mbcyol

sa t\lsj @ O t`lQp tBp {\l

blw.

@tf oab`.... eltjpl.


26/36


ssSf ol` Mlfv k tlQp

\dp, ""Un`pw kv{Vn`pw Vbjpw Ubsd

kVb`pw OfgpsQ kVb`pw Vbjpw

Pl m{VpV Dgflpw. Of Ubsd Vj

VMpw. Un Ofs MpVbMljb

\abt\bpw''(D\ 13?:). k lfnhv s oUp cysU ab p fl Up

al Ma Bab {V bs @aw ib oUp

cyUp UM s "{\]o kpfb tm cw',

kSvfl fnhvb f VM s Qp

sov. fnhvb`fs VM fnhvs

fapsQ a`lXv. O{Vpw {\]ofpw kp{\

[lUfpw @`bapbpw HsVbjpw \q

\bVlltal {\flBMltal OkvtVl

jltal t`mp{MbkvVptfl @apw Au fBUs DabpVl`b MlXpb. ""Ubs

kVb`pw OfgpsQ kVb`pw'' Vbjp

g fl s Qp m{Vp V s` b \bnQv

fap knUgbjpw {\flBM fB

U gbjpw OkvtVlj jbCb V gbjpw

sfgb sv fyV @b p p v.

Of oeVzbs alYlfl`babpsopw

(kn 04), Of MpbpgsfUpw

\abelk\l{Vfpw @`babpsopw (kn

00), Of MUyMl\p{VUl` GlUptf

@`b ab p sopw (Hm 83?4), ssSf

bs keU Slk Ul b ab p sopw

(Hm 40,4=,:9,:0) oUp cy\p {V Ul b ab p

sopw (SlUb 83=?4) Ofs alw fa

fbs Ulgp M sg b`pw {\fl B M l apsQ

klygpw SmUgpopv. Ofs fB

U gpw {\fb Mgpw Uljp kp fb tmc

Mlgpw GhpVb. kv{Vn`psQ kVb

`psQ SuVyspdbvOtUMw fBU

taCsQpsbpw kv{Vn`psQ SuVys

pdbv Gt OfKXbsp> kv{Vn`b

jqsQ kl VMs oUpcyfw

mbUp jib {\]ofpw {\[lUfpol` Au

kSvfl kv{Vns` VM f

kv{Vn`ls VM s Qp so p

kSvfl \bnQv O{\[lUolsp

HMaMUpw

HMoyUpwHMaM`pw

tSfkyl H.Zb.


27/36


t\lt`l> @apw HsQplUblsV, alMa

Bab{Vbs alYfn]b`b OUl]ol`b Dt\

b s p t\lt`l Au fBUw> kv{Vn`pw

kfpw Vb m{VpV Dg fl p sopw

Of k bs Vj VMp so p op

{\]o flKvSlUw oUpcyfwmbUptfb`p

Vt> @sXb Fltalapapw OVp {\l\b

s Qp t Vt> OtVl, AcvQ op s b

ol{Vw kznMablfp Fap sGbMV (nptmnb)

@tXl>

D\b 1 3?: fBUw \ab tml [b l

fyolMp Fap Mlayopv. ssSfw flKvSlUw

sBp a`vv ap E gp v. (?)

kv{Vn`pw kfpw Vb ssSfw Dgflpm{VpV`psQ \abXbVRjol`b jibp a,

(0) kv{Vn`psQ kVb`pw kbs k

Vb`pw Vb ssSfw Dgflp m{VpV`psQ

\abXbVRjol`b jibp a. Af apw

FpVs`l`b, fyol` ap fyVy

Mlaygl`blXv \dbpVv.

@alXv kv{Vn>

Daw kv{Vn`psQ kVbVs`lXvfy ol b b p Vv. kv{Vn`psQ kVb

@tal @ kVb`psQ O. \akyYnfbV

bs @awibjpw OfklUbjpol`b

t`mp{MbkvVp \akyol`b sfgbsQpb, @

kv{Vn Vs O`l` odb`olsXv (t`le

034;?=307). Fw OVv Vs pdbpVs p

Fap sfgb s Qp jp ol b ap p Vl

kv{Vn`psQ k Vb l sX v. k bs

flp fb mz kbv \hw Vbv Ofs OQb o

`l`bn e G kv{Vn`vv Ofs

Vj VMlUp `lsVlap mb`pobl

Vl`b. m{VpV Dgflb`Vv ssSfolM`l

OVv \q m{Vp V l Xv. Vb p ol`b

`lsVlap s\lapsQjpMgpw FpVnp

Mgpw (odcustljbts & anlprnlmsjs)

Al m{VpV. A{\ Ml a op \q

m{VpV \l\bs Mdt`l Ubhtjl t\ljpw

Al \a o fb mpb @`b ab Xw. @

kv{Vn el`psQ kVb \aa`b Ubp

Vs`p Fal @`l @ fyb`b

\l\d Dl`babpw. Otl @ kv{Vn,

el`vv opp krcvQb l b ab Xw.

OtVko`w Vs, ktlQp \q

m{VpV Ubd kVb`vv Yw UtM

f gl M l el`vv tmc op fgpw@`babXw. O{\Mlaw Fap kv{Vn Dl

`b aptl>

""Op UMb` OUp{Kesg{\Vb Pl Gtpw OfbQptlQp UUvSb \d`pw;

O`psQ iMvVapsQ op\b Pl O`psQ Ulow {\Mnbpw; Gsl OVp

t{mcvTolXv'' (kn :03=).

Gs t\av fbsk v sUltdlX. owKjl\paw @Xv fnQv. Pv kv\babv A

Ynkv \pdbdb` MQ Y\olj kCyw \pkvVMw Fap {^S fhb jibp. OVpfvP ?:1 oXb Y\w sBlb P gpsQ oM gpsQ fbflew UQ l {\lb b ap p.

fbfl e layw mab l`b Gbjpw fbfl e b Vb OQp bpw @f my b Up \Xw

Dl`bapb. P Y\oljkCyw \pkvVMw Pp UMb` {^SdbsU fbgb

tl fbmzl k tlsQ Fbv Y\ olj sBlp tl olVlfv Glw {Mon M ab p sov

ss[ay s Qp b. OsU fbfl e bUv Uljp Sbfkw ol{Voptl Op VM a ol`b

\Xw {Mon M ab s Qp M`pw fbflew owK g M a ol`b UQ l kl[b p M`pw sB`vVp.

ssSfbUv kvVpVb! @tf oab`!

fbsk v sUltdlX, owKjl\paw.

kly


28/36


Dl`bappsfv fBUw \d`pp. kpilcb

V gpsQ {K b ""lUw'' G

kv{Vns`pdbpw Of Ml fbs krcvQb Mbs @awib Vs Gl @SykrcvQbMgbjpw

@SytVl`b krcvQbspsfpw \dbabpp

(kpil 630,00). {\ilcM 0431 Of "OVypVs

Ulfb Ubp \pd sp' Gp \d p p, OVl Vv

OVypVs fBUl krcvQbspsfv. ssSfw

Vs`l` fBUbUv olwkw [abv oUpcyapsQ AQ

`b fkb l tfb Au kv{Vn OlsV oslap

kv{Vn`b jqsQ kl[y o l b ap p. ssSf bs ol{Vw

kfbtmc V`l b ap "lUw' (lUw 830:,07) fB

Ul krcvQb`ls v, Vs UbjV`l Bqhvb

db, ol bUv O[n U l MlsV (lUw 8304,08)

`ltl^b flkopdbp. ({\il 0436). lUw ssSf

mb`psQ mzlkw @`VbUljpw lUbsUVbsa

Vb jsQpM`blVbUljpw (lUw 830:,19) Of

gb kbsUVbsa \q m{VpV Dgfl`b. Of

gpsQ kVb`btjpw @ m{VpV \Mp.

m{VpVDl`l, FpMb s\lapsQjpMgb jq sQ`pw Fp Vnp M gb jq sQ`pw aoy V b sjb

m{VpV OfklUbblw. Osb m{VpV OVbs

\laoybsjb HpopjbjqsQ FalgpsQ fbY`bjpw

ot l gpsQ VM bjpw Of kl Ub lw. ssSfw Dg

flb` m{VpV \l\bsUVbsa @`VpsMlv lsVl

apfb[ FpVnpMpw fhb`b. OVv kv{Vn`psQ

lU bs fbY bjpw k bs Vj

VMjbjpso OfklUbpM`pq.

VjVM

Fap Ynfb`psQ VjVM

s Qp M s` l OVbs Ynfs

{\fUsglw OfklUbbv

UmbbpM, AlVlpM GlXv

U kl[laX oUbjlpVv.

Gl kw (kll) Oaq

\b`lM`l OVbs VjVMp

Ms`l OVbsU AlVlpM

G Ow. Vj, ^pb psQ

Aab b Q ol Xv. Vj VMp M s`

l ^pb VMpM G

Ow fapp. ""Of Fabjpw

kVy b Ubj Ub b b . Gs

l OfUb kVyob. Mw \d

`ptl kzw kzilfoUpkabv

Vs`lXv Of kwklabp

Vv'' (t`le 6344). k bs

^pb`pw kv{Vn`psQ ^pb`pw

(lUw) Vbjp Hpopjb

Ofs MpQbj^pb VMsQp

p, oUpcyfwmbsUVbal`bp

Ofs Of kl Us sMXb`pw(Mw) lU bs {\il \q a

b VMsQpp, sMXbMgb

jqsQ`pw fU`bjqsQ`pw sMb

Qp Ofs alYyfpw VMs

Qpp. oUpcyfwmbUp UMs

a psQ {\]o flKvSl U bs

\qn M aXw.

(0) kv{Vn`psQ k Vb`pw k bs

k Vb`pw Vb jp m{Vp V`pw OVbjqsQ ssMfap a`pw.

""Ubs (kbs) k

Vb`pw Of gpsQ k Vb`pw

Vbjpw Pl m{VpV Dgflpw''

G VlXv " {\]okpfb tm c'

bsj alos flKvSlUw. Au

m{Vp V psQ Rjw Gl sXv

Au fBUb \dbb. ssSfw


29/36

0=AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?10=AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

OVv {MtoX sfgb s Qp p M l b ap p,

{\flBMlabjqsQ, kzn` SqVabjqsQ, \p{V

Ub jq sQ Vs`pw. kv{Vn`psQ kVb

kv{Vn`b Ubp YlV Ul` t`mp {Mb kvVp.

k bs k Vbt`l> \jsa Dt mbv

"k Vb M' G , FbsU Dt mbv

"kVb' GlXv \dbabpVv. @ab

Ubp YUb p ptfl @ @gbs kzilf

KpX tSl c Dl b abpw, k Vbv.

kb Ubp YUbVpw Ofs Gl

kzilffpw DVpw FbUpol{VolXv \l\w.

(\l\w klls Djv\ olXv smb ms o

prnduat ng tfj djvme Gv ep. tQlw {^S

{\tElcbldpVv FlpM). kv{Vn`psQ

k Vb psQ m{VpV k bs k Vb

`l` \l\ fp ol b l Xv. \l\ bs D\ M a

X gpw HYp olapw {\tjl i U gpw

(sMltgl 03?4,?:), Fw, \l\tolBUfpw a`pw

\l\Rjgb Ubp fbQpVjpw Au \a

kv\a m{VpV`psQ ilKglXv. ""\bmlBbs

{\fbMsg UmbbpVbUptfb`lXv

ssSf\p{V {\VyUl`Vv'' (? t`le 136).

A{\ Mlaw kv{Vn`b jqsQ \bml Bbs^pb VMjpw (Vj VM),

kv{Vn`psQ kVb`bjqsQ \bmlBbs mb

VMjpw (\l\s VMjpw) Ds

Qp Sz bfb[ a lXv \dp Sn k b

flKvSlUw sBs a. ^pbVMl

"GVb^p b 'tfXw OVlXv lU

bs Mr\. mb VMl GVbmb

tfXw OVlXv \l\tolBUbs Mr\.

kv{Vn`b Ubd p Ub Vv lU bsMr\ (""Mr\ Ubd ftg kzkvVb'') ;

kv{Vn`psQ kVb`b UbdpUbVv \l\

tolBUbs Mr\ (""Ofs \qV`b

Ubv Ulsolw Mr\`vpto Mr\ kznMab

b ab pp'' t`le ?3?7. ""\l\w fb b

Qv Mr\ OVbtjsd fbp'' tdlo :309).

\l\tolBUbjqsQ`p a t`mp{MbkvVp

fb Ubp Mr\`bjqsQ. klls pb

`b Ubp a lUbs Mr\`bjq

sQ. \dpSnk`b sfv ssSfw a flKvSlUw

sB vVVv kuYUySlUol`blXv (GtR 036,=).

OVb, \l\ tol B U b jq sQ p a

kv{Vn`psQ kVb`bjqsQ; \l\bs DQ`

f Ul` klls Vj V Mp sMl pa kv{Vn`bjqsQ. Of \akv\aw fpoldb

`bb, Mqbtsbpob HM aMUpw

HM aM`pw. OsV, kv{Vn HMaM`l

Xv, kv{Vn`psQ kVb HM aMUpw.

""Pl Os` fbgbt\Mvcbptl Gsd

m{Vp \bbab`pw; ssSfw Gsd\MvclsXp PlUdb`pp.'' (kn :73=)

Gs t\av tYlkv tVlokv.

PlUpw MpQpw^fpw ^lwqab Vlokbp

p. P gpsQ oM ?9 f` p

tZlX`vv \Ub`pw f`dptfSU`pw @`b

tZlMvQsd MlXb psfbjpw OkpCw

Mpd`pb l b ap p. ?9 Sbf kp tm

colXv OkpCw Mp\bQbl Mhb

Vv. fMpQjpw sBdpMpQjpw tBap ilKv

tlMv @sXv oXbl telkv\bjb

(^lwq) UQb` kvMlUbwKb Mp\b

Qbp. Fap toY Fltdc UQXsov

tZlMvQ \dp. OfbsQ Fl td cUpw

opw sBjfv MqQp V jl Vb Ul sk v

tYlkv telkv\bjbtjv oll Vnap

ol Ub p. Otl p `l{Vl ot[y tQlw

{^S db s`pw MlV db kb dbs`pwkv\babv A Ynkv Mql`vo`bsj OtU

M ap sQ`pw {\l U`pw, fbmp

OtRlkl`psQ`pw ssSfSlkb`l`

kb. oab` skjb M Ul v jbs`pw

ol[yw fhb l`b Op V M a ol`b

MpbUv kuCyw jib p. ssSf bUv

kvVpVb !! @tf oab` !!

tYlkv tVlokv, ^lwq.

kly


30/36


odb`s "keaM' ( an-rjdjlptrmx)

Gv fbtm cb b l dp v. OVp \j tlhpw

t`mp{MbkvVp fbs al Ma{\f U

gb keMabf, OftUlsQlw tfSUb

f Gsl s p O b jl Xv.

flkvV f b, kv{Vn HM a M`pw

kv{Vn`psQ kVb HM a M Up ol b ap p

sMlv, "keaM' (an-rjdjjljrs) @`b

sllXv oUpcya`psQ \Vb \bVlfv

Fap b Vv. OVp sMlv kv{Vn`b jq sQ`pw

kv{Vn`psQ kVb`bjqsQ`pw ssSf\bVlfv

Fapb` a OfapsQ kel`tlQpMqQb

Gp ol{Vw Pl kz ol p ptfl O{V

ol{Vw \bmlBbs ^pb`b Ubpw mb

`b Ubpw Pl absQpp.

""OftUl'' ""Ofsgl''>

D\b 13?: VbapfBUbs {Knp

\abilc`b "Of' Gpw jn \abil

c`b "Of' GpolXv. "Of Ubs Vj

Mpw, G fbfUw OwKn M ab l,

kfpw kv{Vn`pw Vb ssSfw Dgflb`

m{Vp V psQ @f myfpw {\k b`pw

GlXv G VbUv D a ob l sV fap p.{\flBM fBUgbtjl kpfbtmcgbtjl

OkvtVlj \TUgbtjl Fpw @ fBUw

D ab s Qp Mt`l fylCyl Ub s Qp Mt`l

sBpb. Au tjCUbs @SyilKv

kqBbbVpt\lsj OUl]ol`b Dt\b

stl> OsU kwi fb l \lQb .

MlaXw ""oh`pw opw @MlmpUbpw

fapp; Otlp oQlsV iqobs`

UU`vpp. OVp kky opgbv RjwUMb, fbV`vl fbpw iMvcbl

@elafpw jiyolpp. Gsd

O[agbUbp \pdsQp flpw

OsUVs. RjaebVol`b OVp

Vbabpfab; Gsd DS vtSmyw OVp

Ubdtfpw; Pl Hbp Mlayw

fbY`{\Sol`b sBpw'' (Hm ::3?9,??).

kv{Vn`pw kfpw Vbjp m{VpVs`p

db p fB Ufpw OsU Vs OVp

iqobs` UU vXw, kky opgbv Rjw

UM Xw, fbV vl fbpw ib l

@elafpw jiyolXw, \bVlfbs Dtmyw

UbdtfXw, \bVlfv Hb Mlayw fbY`

{\ Sol`b sB Xw. Gb Gtl>

""Bpap b` ko`w''

""Bpapb` ko`to Oftmcbp

pq Gdbv Oabmw sMlp \bmlBp

UbgpsQ OQptv Adb`bpv'' (sfgb

?03?0). klls VjVMpfl Ubt`lKb

s b ab p kv{Vns` p db p O

V`pw sVb l a X Mgpw Ofs Vj psQ

(^pb`psQ) {\fUw oqjw oUpcyfwmbsto kzl[nUw sBjpp MljE

olXv Au Bpapb` Mljw. kv{Vn`psQ Oib

tcMs (SuVys) Vbabdbv Ofsg

D`p Ew faptl Au "Bpapb`

Mljw' Bpap pM VssBpw. kv{Vns`

D`l, kv{Vn`bjqsQ`p as` Hp

\d`l G{V ssfMpptfl O{V`vpw Au

Mljw Ungpw. kv{Vns``pw kv{Vn`bjqsQ`p

a s``pw {\tEl cb s tQ Mljw@Mpw fsa @ fBUw (""Un`pw kv{Vn`pw

Vb Pl m{VpV Dgflpw. Of

Ubsd Vj VMpw'' D\ 13?:) OQv

op{S sf v sp, OVb Up {\fl B MsU

D`p Vp fsa. ""ssSfol` Mlfv

Vsd Slkal` {\flBMolp Vsd

aeky sfgbsQplsV Fpw

sBpb'' (@tol 138). ko`ol`tl Vs

Slk al` {\fl B Msa Ofb Qpv D`b;

Ofv sfgb s Qp b slv Ofb Qpv

{\fb b ab p p.

Y\olj {\lU

kv{Vns` D`p tl, k

bs ^pb`psQ to kv{Vn`psQ lU

bs @[b\Vyfpw fbY`fpw OfgbjqsQ

`p a`pw Hp \ d p M l Xv. OVbUv

Hfpw m ol` D\l [b lXv Y\ olj


31/36

1?AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?11?AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

{\lU. OVp olVlfbtUlQp o[y{\lU

ol{V ol`b MlX ap Vv. Vj VMl O[b Mlaw

UM s fsg kvVpVb p M`pw oe Vz s Qp p

M`pw @ O[bMlas Hp\d`pM`pw MqQb`l

Xv. kv{Vn`b jq sQ`pw kv{Vn`psQ k Vb b jq

sQ`pw \bVlfv Fap b` a psQ {\tEl c X

olXv @ {\l U. OVb "kz Ul`

\bVltf' G {\l U p sQ`pw {VbVz kvVp

Vb`psQ`pw {\l[lUyw MpdpMlXapVv. as`lapb` \bVlfbsU OVbjqsQ oeVzsQppp,

OVp\Tbb \p{VsU oeVzsQppp, \p{VUb

{\fb \abmplfflfbsU oeVzsQppp,

{Vbt`M ssSfbUv kvVpVb`bpp, lU

bs Mr\ Ubdfgl` odb`s oeVzsQp

p p, Of gpsQ o[y s`pw D`p p.

etjp`! Vs Vj`psQ tUv D`sbab

p flglXv OsVv kllUpw fy ol`b

Odb`pp.

HM o [y

""Gsl, Fap ssSfto`pp. ssSf

bUpw oUpcypw o[yUl`b FapfsU`pp3

oUpcyUl` t`mp{MbkvVp'' (? Vbtol 03:). fbfb[

kil fbilK Vb iblib{\l`v Mla

Xol`bp fBUw. fbmp \utjlkv Au tjC

UsohpVpVv Flw Uqlbs OfklUtl

sQ l Xv. fbmp taltQl \ab mp odb

tltQl D o[y{\lUMsglpw

Oljv A. OVbUls, O

abjp Fap o[yo, Au fBUb

jqsQ fbmp \utjlkv Dt mb p

sVv fyw. \h Ub o fB U

fbmp \utjlkbUp opbjpv A{kl

t`l OVbt{mcvTal`b MapVb`bap

fsapdbv. DSl3 tolm`psQ o[y

spdbv ({\il 4:31), RbsUelkbs

o[y spdbv ({\il 4:301), Hjb`l

s`pdbv ({\il 463?9). {\flBMlapsQ

o[y spdbv sYd ob`l 83?7 \d

`p p, ""Au YUbUptfb Un{\l]bapVv; Ofptfb Ubjfbgb

pMt`l `lBbpMt`l tfl. Of

ptfb Gsd op\b Un ol[ykv]yw

\d`apVv; Pl Ubsd Ot\Mvc tM

pM`b''. tUle, SlUb t`, tYl^v

Gn oqpt\ tSmpl`bapljpw

Ofv opfsa abpfl kl[b

p M b Gv Gsk b t` ?43?009

fBUgb \d`pp.

fbmp \utjlkv Vbtolbt`l

kbUv GhpVptl Ote bs Bb

`bjp o[yl Afsals`lXv

tolm`pw {\flBMlapw. O]fl, `eq

S YUw Vp tfb `tel f psQ

opb o[y al`b Map Vb b ap f sa

`lXv fbmp \utjlkv kqBb b p

Vv. \ao\abmpb`l` ssSfbUpw \l\b`l` oUpcyUpw Vbjp ibbbUv Mla

Xol` \l\bUv \abelaw sBltUl,

Vb jp D` VlhvB M gpsQ Vlhvf

aM Uba l ltUl Oflpw

kl[b b . t`mp {Mb kvVp fbUv kl[b p,

\l\ \ ab el a b jqsQ. ObsU Of

HM o[y Ul b. Gs \l\ tol B U

bUpw \abelabUpol`p HM oy


32/36


. fbmp \utjlkv Dtmbp HM

ol[yw a`psQ o[yolXv. \l\tolB

U b jq sQ p a psQ HM ol[y w.

tolm`vpw {\flBMlpw Okl[yol`b

ap ol[yw. {\lU`psQ o[yw O.

@`bapsb Otefpw ov OkvtVlj

lapw opfptfb {\lbpMt`l

op f talQv {\lU Oiyb p Mt`l

sBb l b ap tl.

ssSf s`pw oUp cy sU`pw Vb

OMp EQMw \l\ol`VpsMlv t`mp{Mb

kvVp fbs Ulo b \l\ tol BUw tUQb

fslw Of tUl sQlv o[y al Ml

kl[bpw. ssSflfflfbUl U`bsQp

ssSf o v (tdlo 63?4) ssSfl ffl fb tUl

sQlvo[yalMlUpw kl[bpw (tdlo 6307).

\abmp odb`w ssSfb Ubp lU

ol Vp sMlpw \l\ bs Ubht\ljpw

HlsV (kqaysU DQ l Q l b f)

YUbfgpw Ynfbfgpw @`VpsMlpw k

bs \q m{Vp @` Vp sMlpw Of

gpsQ o[ybUv DVlUfpw fbj`pop

v. tf fb[w {\lb t sV b sU

s`v Odb`p \abmplfflfv (tdlo 6307)

odb`b Hfpw kw{\nVUl`b fkbp

VpsMlpw, fBUs`pw {\lUMsg`pw

olwkw [ ab b fw OVyp Vs

mb odb`b @fkbbpVpsMlpw

(jq ?31:) odb`bs ol[yw OVbm

olXv, kznMlayolXv.

Umb p t\l Mp Ftal @fflfpw

klls ^pb`psQ (Vj`psQ) fbY`ol

sXb, Ofs VjVM Umbpt\l

Mp Fltal @fflfbs`pw a`l`b oldp

p. OVbUv Ofs Vj`psQ to (^pb

`psQ to) @[b\VyoplMXw, lUw

tfXw. Ofs ^pbv GVbal` ^pb`b

jq sQ lXv (lU b jqsQ) Ofs Vj

VM s tQ sV b @ lUw

kv{Vn`l`babXw. MlaXw kv{Vn`lXv Vj

VMtVv. kv{Vn @alsXv kv{Vn`psQ

kVb`bjqsQ @Syol`b sfgbsQpsp.

kv{Vn`psQ kVb`b fkb @fflfbsU

(kv\babv A Ynkv) kznMab Oibcb

Ub jqsQ @ kVyw {\tEl cb s Qp M`pw,

@ kv{Vn lUw olwkw [ab s Vl

sXv sfgb s Qp s QpM`pw sB`vVp.

kv{Vns`pdbp OV`psQ ""Bpapb`

Mlj''bs OfklUol`babpp. \p{Vs

ke U tl sQlw O OUp i fb ke U

, Bbb` MpUn, Fltal @fflfbUp

tfb`pw O Bbb` MpUn fyol

`btlMpflUpV. OsVlw \bVlfv Mpb

M gb tmC ab p sf b p Vv (kn :736),

O`psQ eboMXol`b, {\Mlmw sBlab`p

Vpcla^bpfl`b UbhjpMgpsQ Vlhvfa`b

fcbsQl, (Hm 073?=) ko`ol`b. oh

`pw opw t\lsj OfbQps fBUw (D

13?:) iqobs` (@fflsg) UUpp. kkysg opgbpp (kv\babv A Ynkv Oib

cb), Rjw UMpp, fbpw @elafpw

(fBUfpw Mr\`pw) kMjpw jyolp

p, \bVlfv Hb SuVyw fbY`{\Sol`b

sBpp. etjp.

FMvtQl^ olkw Y\olj`psQ olk

olXv. Y\olj D`b{\lblw3 \bVltf,

kv{Vn`b jq sQ`pw kv{Vn`psQ k Vb b jqsQ`pw OfbQpv Fapb` a, Gstojpw

kMj @fflgpsQ tojpw \qb`ls

Qp fl Mr\ l M X so. olVltf, O`vp

UM s b p O[b Ml a b jq sQ p

a`pw {\l U psQ o[y fpw

Pp tfb {\l\b p V ta X so.

@t.


33/36


{Rlkbkv ol\l tjlMs odb`bs fbojerS`bUp kob

ppfbl kbb 3 {Rlkbkv ol\l FMvtQl

^ ?1 Uv, tjlM s ophp f odb bs

fbojerS`bUp kobpw. fbmzlkfc

bs kol\UtlQUp^bv t\lpK

jb Ubv \pdsQp Rlbo olVlfbs

Vbapkzaq\w fblUbsjbtap tfg

`b @Mpw Au koXw.

t\lp K jbsj Fu tjZb FlRvRlbo @{mo O[bMlabMtglQv @tElc

tlQUp^bv RlbololVlfbs Vbap

kzaq\w fblUbtjv UMXsov Ot\

bbapVl`b @v ^bcv dbtUl Rbkb

sBb Odb bp. AVp kw^ bv ^bcv

Otl Xbt`l oltl`vv s\lb Rb

Mukb tRl Sb {\tolc FlRv S Uyq

Afl ssj tk c {\kb Z v MqQb l`

@v ^bcv dbtUl M bapp. Au@tElctfg`b tjlMsopw fXp

Rlbo olVl fbs Vbap kz aq\w fb l

UbsjXsov \abmp \bVlfv OVb`l`b

@{K eb p p sfv fy ol b b ap p.

FMvtQl^ ?0 Uv Vbapkzaq\w t\lpKjb

Ubv tdlob Gbtapw. ?=09 opV AVp

fsa ?? VfX ol{Vto Au Vbap kz aq\w

t\lpKjbsj oab` @{mob Ubv \pd

tv t\l`b pq. sk v \nthvkv kvMz`db ol\l`pw fbmzlkbMgpw tBv Vbap

kzaq\bUv kznMaXw UMpw. OfbsQUbv

ss{c FlRv Zbssf jufbtjv Vbapkz

aq\w sMlpt\lMpw. ssUv fbYb OfbsQ

`l`babpw. ?1 Uv Vbapkzaq\fpw VnlQ

Mapw sk v \nthvkvkv Mz`db Vbabspw.

fbmp Mpl U`vpw Y\ ol j`vpw

ol\l MlbMVzw febpw. OfbsQsfv

tjlMs ophpf odb`bs fbojerS`

bUv kobpw.

ssSfb fbj`w {\l\bpw fsaOkzaltMfalXv {MbkvVylUbM

fbl kbb 3 ssSfb fbj`w {\l\b

pwfsa OkzaltMfalXv {MbkvVyl

UbM Gv ol\l. fbmp OKbs Vbap

Ul SbU b kwkl ab p M l b app

Otew.

FlZ FlRvsk v OKykv OwK

BQb kw^bp. fb. OKys

{\kb ol` @ {\t`lKw fgsa \bQb p j

`vp FlsXpw Gl {MbkvVylUbMgpw

OkzoltM OQblU\aol` oqpMl

aygbtjlXv OsVpdbp Bb Vs

U`bsVpw ol\l fyolb @ffn`

YnfbVw, ssSfl tUz c Xw, op f tal Qp

kvtUew. Av OtUM pfYU OKysU tlsj Ynfb p f al p v. {MbkvVn`

fbmzlkb OKysU fgb`Vv O

`l` tolUb`lXv. Gbjpw Otew oltol

Snk kznMabbapb. fgapw tVldpw OVb

Ubv OM p t\l fp M`pw sB`vVp. Vs

tBlSy slpw Daw Mp\bQbl

OtebUv Mhbb.

erS b jp @{K e Ot

es sMlpsBsbVv opBbj fkvVp gb jl Xv. \t Otlhpw Ynfb Vbs

Ow GlsXVbsUpdbp OtUz

cXw Otes OkzVsQpbsl

bapp. Otebs erS`w Ddb`bap

b. fkvVpgb, O[bMlabMgb ssSfl

tUzcXw OKb VpQpsMlbapp. FQp

fb OKb Vbabdbp, ssSfw Ote

bUptfb Mlbabppsfv.


34/36

14AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?114AVl Ubs O sk\vVw 09?1

Qjoraf....

QYMPMT MB CJQZQ

nr

LMPOAEJQ MB PNQOP]

XotafNur Wmdjn Yrnhrolljs

ot

YU\lgbtlsQ "oqlw Mv 'VbapfU\paw 3 KVlKV UbòjwEU

\bQb Mq Ql YU \ l gb tlsQ "oqlw

Mv' G t\ab toltl fleU fMpv\Vb @fbcvMabp. UbòjwEUw MlXp

f Otl Vs toltl fleUfMp

bsU Odb`bp anVb`bjlXv kwfb[lUw.

@. Qb. F. opV {Qlkvt\l v Mn c X

fsa`p DtSylKsa tUabtl Osb,

Mws`v v skbtjl (solss^ =4479111?4)

sR`vkv ^pbtjl (toltl sfeb bkv

Zbl vso v tMag)Gkv. GwGkv fhbt`l

fbfaw Odb b lw. Ub` o jw E U gpsQ

tRltl`pw so`bjb UMlw.

sesov [ab l sV p ss^v

`l{V, AapB{M fleUb oqtl OVbj

[bMtol t\apsQ `l{V, Mldb knv s^v

[ab l Vb ab , fle U gbsj Mdp

Rbjbw, \bdMb av HXbM \bQbbbp

^kpM, fleU aYbkvt{Qc U fy

ol`b {\Smb b l Vv, G`tel D\

t`l Kb p Vv, AQ Vp f m p MqQb FlftQ

bwKv, oSy \bp fleUw FlQbp Vv Gb

sU {\Vy b MlXp HVp Ubò

jw E Ufpw YU v Odb b lw. Mp

lvVVl` mb Ddlpw. solss^

tRl D\t`lKbpsMlv fleUw FlQbp

M, OobVtfKw, FlftjlZvGn Mpv

ssjkkv dl p Mt`l kkvs\ v sBp

Mt`l @`babpw mbs`p KVlKV Mn

cX JcbalYv kbLv Odb`bp.

ss{Zfdbl dZl Ml `p.Gkv

FlQbflcbw KvQ 3 Vba t db` tdlZb jqsQ

\l`p MldbUp ss{Zfdb. OVv Gpw AQb

lsV {\Vb^sglw Fhbflb t\lMpp. dZldpMgb Ubp Ubtm kznM

abv Mw\yqdlXv Ml Ub`{bpVv.

Ay fwmYs tUVrVzb fbM

kbbsQp \pVb` Ml \bvkv Kv alYyl

a fbol U l f g b tj p Vba t db`

ssetf`bjqsQ :1 Mbtjlon Sqaw FlQbvfbY

`Maol`b \anbp. YUd toltlhvkbs

Ktf cX mlj b s{\lR. alYvMp ol dbs

tUVr Vz b jp kwE olXv \pVb` MlfbM kb b s Qp Vv.


35/36

1:AVl Ubs O FMvtQl 09?1

{\lUl UbaVol` Au fbmp `l{V{^S tQlw kCdb`l`pw

kb MlVdb odb`fpw U`bpp.

kv\babv A Ynkv Mql`vo`bjpfv opKXU.

fbmpUlQv kmUw

Yq^bjbfctlQUp^bvkv\babv A Ynkv FappfbmpUlQv kmUw09?1 Ufw^ ?0 09

ssSfbs alMa \Vb`bsj Hfpw kp{\[lU tSmgb

jqsQ Fap VnlQUw UQpflUp kpflfkaw.

A{kl t` YUbs \qnMapsQ Ml\l S\Vb tYll, A{klt`, \ljkvVn, AuYb\vVv

VpQb` alYygbjqsQ`p Fap fbmp VnlQUw.

ssSfbs kzw UlQl` A{klt`jb t`mp{MbkvVpfbs Ml\lS\VbVpw t`mp OpV {\fbVpw ssSfalYyw fgb`Vpol`

U{kpw qS`l oj{tSmfpw Kjnjb` MQjpw MRXlopw Vlt^loj`pw KlKpl oj`pw skebt`l Dupmlj`pw \ljkvVnUl`bsj

^Vvjteopw DssQ otUMw jgpw tUabMvOUp{Kew {\l\blUp kpflfkaw.

fbm S fb f a v 3 9468 0=89:91, 1096719, 044996?


36/36

""olVlfbs DSab UbUpaq\w UMpVbUp opt\ Pl

Ubs Odbp; YUbpVbUpopt\ Pl Ubs fbmpnMabp;

YUVMp {\flBMUl`b Pl Ubs Ubt`lKbp'' (Yd ?3:)

Itha Ninte Amma - Oct 2013

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Transcript of Itha Ninte Amma - Oct 2013