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HhIH: "3JIeMCHT aootimc", a 8JICMenT I{OImpeTHhIH, B onpeoenenuou OK-

pyocenuu U C onpeiienenuusc codep scanueu; tcomopuii MOJICem tium»paccuompen mOAblCO B onpedenennoii undueuoya.asno-ncuxo.aozunectcoiinepcnesmuee.

l\vpoqe, MhI Hl\feel\I neno C JIUlBOH, pacnonararonterica He no 3JIe·

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- 4Tlpn HCCJIe,a:OBaIUHI BOnpOCa, RaKHe xaxecrsa neOOXO,a:HMblJ{JBI

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TaR MO/l\HO Ha3BaTb-MO/l\HO paCCMaTpHBaTb, RaR CJIH5JHHe, "CnJIaB"

uenoro pnna nOfXHqeCRHX 3JIeMeHTOB. 3~eCb HMceT MeCTO H spsas

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Mtoncrepriepr paanasaer ornern.nue ncnxn-recxne a.'IeMeHTI~: OblCTpOTa H TO'!HOCTb

OnTH'leCKHX BocnpHHTHH. OUCTpaH peaxrruu na omasecrore paanpaacenaa, MaJlarl

YT0M11HeMOCTb,YCTOH'lHBOCTb cocpenorosennoro BIlIIM3HHH H T. II; HO cymecrneaao

BailiHblM M£OHCTepoepl'OM C'IHTalOTCH ;l.1H A8IIHOii: npooeccaa He aTU OT.'{eJlbHUe

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KOTOPOH B OblCTPO CMeHl1£OIIJ;ei1cHxaprnae YJlI1Itbi nO.TJj'I'HLIOUTb nOCTOHHHOsocnpa-HHMaeMU H OIteHeHbI C TO'll\H speaaa CI\OPOCTHMIIOrO'lHCJleHHble orneasnue OO'eI\TU;

nemexoaa, sxanaaca II 3BTOl100If.'lH" (CTp. 74-75),2) Jlasypckiu: . .llYllleBHble cnoco6HOCTH. I{aI, OCIlOBllblC olIo.'lOrl1QeCI{. (IJYHI\I~I1U.

Bonp. WH.'l. l'I DCUX, 1910, xa, 10], crp, 47-46.

H ecnn TaT{He aarpynnenas OT HeB03MO)-I{HOCTHCBeCTI! CJIOmBble

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3JIcMcHTapHoH Ha6JIIO]J.aTeJIbHOCTH II cnocoriaocra cpaBHeHIISI (H3 12

qmryp cpasneao: 1 npaBHJIbHO H 6 HCnpaBHJIbHO; no 060aHa'lCHHIO

npoifJ. Putiatcoea 1/12-6), MOl IIMep.M BbI;IaIOlI.{HCCH oprauaaaropcxnecnoc06HOCTH, BKJIIO'JarolI.{HC B ceria, KaK qaCTH yxaaaaaue BOlIllC H3JIe-

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Y'JpeIK1,\eHHH, KOTOPhiM PYKOBOJIiiJI 0., PH,!{.•.BBC.n;CHHblX HM YJIyqrneHHH

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qCHHbTe npa HCC.'le'!{OBaHbH 3JIeMeWrapHbTX CBOHCTS .o:aIOT HaM B~3MO}K:

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npacnocooneuaocrr, IIH,!{HBHna K:onpeneJICHHOlM Tpe60BaHHHM KaKHX-

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o TOM, '11'0 OH HC npHrOJl;CH K opraHH3aTOpCf(OH, paOOTC TOqHO TaK me,

1) CpB. Jla3YPCKUll .0 ecrecrueaao a axcncpxaeare" (Eaceronrr. axcnepnu. De-naror., aa 1911 r., crp. 91, 95) • Ilpu ncaxoxorns. axcnepaueure npl:IMeHHeTClt oco-6bdi RCRyccTBeHHhlH npaesr, 6JlarOllapH KOTOPOMY U311ecrHUH nCHXHqeCl{RH nponeccueonupyemcn H B Tal,OM R30JIRPOB3f1HOMBH~e accnenyerca ... oro.. nouaacaer saase-HHe ero )lJIH RCCJIe)lOllaHlfH JIH'IHOcrR: pe3YJIhraTU ranoro RCCJIen;OBaHlfHOT.J,eJIbHUXq'YHKllliH neJIb31I pacnpocrpaaarr, aa BCIO nCHXl:lqecKYIO iI,H3Hb J],8HHoro HH,:(lfBHn;a"

2) CpB. 06 aTOM, KpOMe qRTHpoBaHHHX pa60T: A. I1tjJeftoep, BBeJ],eHHe B DCR-x onoru 10, 1("T. H3J],. crp. ]29. B. Byuoni": ITcI:IXOJIOrH!l B 6oph6e aa CYl.l.{eCTBOaaHHe",HOB. RAeR B <pRnocodl., C6. 10, CTp.121 II "OCHOBU <p1:I3IIOJIOmQ.ucaxoaoraa", nep,Hpor-ayca, Jlaaypcxoro H Hexaeua, Bu« rea. crp, 35, 39. Harcoaen oseas aarepeca,Ii uenna B aIOM OTHOllleHHI:I paoora 11. H. f{PYlAllK08a ~CoBpeMeH.ilall nCI{XO!IOrHlIIi ee C6JIl:ljI,CHlIe C uayxaua 0 l\YJII,Type H 06I.l.{eCrBc", .C6opu. ACCQL\. 06w.ecIIlaHayu", T. I, B. 1, K,BaHb, 19;1, passim.

-8-Hal{ aa OCHOBamUJ roro, qTO~IlC[lbI:TyeMhdI [IJIOXO xeuaer rearr rrOCTYKH-

sanss. rrpHHOpaBJIIlBaHCb K nOCTYKHBaHbHM excnepaxeararopa. TPY1J.HO

roaopars 0 TOM, lJTO 1J.aHHhlH HH1J.HBH1J.He YMeCT rrpHCrrOCOOJIHTbCH K

Tpe60BaHbHM rrOJIHTHQeCKHX H 8KOHOMHlJeCKHX YCJIOBHH.

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JIHeMOCTH npa nOMOI.UH rrpHHOpaBJII:IBaHbH reana rrOCTYKHBaHHH, HCCJIe-

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KOB, H T. n., H T. 1J..VTH MeT01J.hI, xopomne 1J.JIHHCeJIe1J.OBaHHSI3JIeMeH-

'rapasrx <PYHKUHH B HX nOTeHUHaJIhHOM COCTOSIHHH, ]'(JIH BhlSlCHeHHH

'roro, B KaKOM COCTORHHH Hax01J.SITCH<PYHKUlHf 3THX 3JIeMeHTapHhlX npo-

neccoa Y 1J.aHHorO HH1J.HBHIl8, 01J.HaKOCOBcpUIeHHO He noxaataaaror HaM,

HaCKOJIbKO OH ].(CiiCTBHTeJIbHO I1CnOJIHHT (I1;IH CMOmeT HCnOJIHHTb) CJIom-

HYIO, I{oHKpeTHYIO pa60TY. He ronopa yme 0 TOM) lJTO f~~KoTophie CTOPOHI>l

nCHXHlJeCKOii mH3HH ncnsn'yeaoro, fi~,K, naup., TepneHHe,~creneHb HHTe-

peca, nOlJTH He rIo,!{~aIOTC1[ anenem apm. ;.rc.IC'!{OBamHIM,-1J.ame raa,

rne 3KcnepHMeHT MOiReT cnenars o-reas MHOI'Oe-OH He MomeT 6h1Tb

npH-3HaH BCeueJIO rO,!{HbIM, He Hym1J,aIOI.UHMCH B ,!{onOJIHeHHHX, 1J..1JHnCH-

XOTeX-HHlJeCKOrO HCC.lJe1J.OBaHbH.

B03HHKaer ayiana B '!{PYl'OM xerone, B npyrox nonxone K MaTe-

pHaJIaM. ITPH nOJIHOM HCI{JIIOlJemlH (IWK yme 6bIJIO CKa3aHO sume) B03-

MOiI{HOCTH KaK caMOHa6JIIO.LleHHH, TaK H ori'earuaaor-o, cacrenarase-

cxoro HaOJIIO'!{eHHH H3 YCJlOBHii JIa60paTopHUlX OnInOB-HaM OCTaercSI

O'!{HH BblXOLl: U3.'UeHeHue u ycoeeptuencmeoeauue UAf.eIOUJ,.IlXCfl y Hac Memo-doe stccnepuuenma 0 ayxe ux npucnocotinenusi T< JlCU3HU U mesc "cnoco6-nocmsur , T<OmOpbU! Mbl utueu.

I\oHeQHO, npextne ncero 60JIbIIlYIO nOJIb3Y MO)I{eT snecs npHHCCTH

onpoc. AHaMHea npHlHIT H npaxraxyercs .KaK He06xo,!{HMaH sacrs HC-

cnC'!{OBaHHH nOlJTH B scex OTpaCJISIX MC,ilHUHHhI, oe3 Hero npas qaCTO

He Mor Ohl cnenars H '!{CCHToii LlOJIH CBOHX BblBO)~OB, npocro nOTOMY,

, lJTO OH BH,!{HT OOJlbHOrO na ovens He6oJlblllOii CPOK, npHlJeM Bee npour-.'JOe60JIeaHU saxpuro OT Hero nenenofi, a aTHOJIOfHR ee (KaR, nanp., ua-JIC.IlCTBCHHOCTb, nCHXH'IeCKaH rpausa H T. 11.) lJaCTO uenocryau ero Ha6mo-

nCHHIO. Ilpasna, npn onpoce CTaBHTCH YiI\e YI\a3aHHOe BUlIIle rJIaBHOC H

OCHOBHoe YCJIOBHe: cnpaurasars 60JIbHOrO He 0 ero MHeHHHX H npc,!{rIOJIO-

meHHHx, HO 0 <paKTax 60JI.e3HH. Ciona iRe BXO,!{HTcooapaane J(OKY~feH'

TOB 00 HcnhlTYCMOM, onpoc JlHU, aaaionmx cro H T. rr. 1). UeHHOCTr:,

IJO~~06Horo onpoca-aaauneaa ,n:JlSInaureii pa60TbI aaKJIIOqaeTCR B TOM,

1) CM. dr. H. Sahli-YQe6HI1I\ KJIJ1HH'leCl(HX MeTOnOB accnenosausa, CIlB,1909,CTp. 1-5; 06 anaaueae npn IlCIfXIf'ICCI{HX 'aa60JleBaHlfllX cpu, Kpenenu«, yqetJHH1~;j,Ic»xnaTpUIJ, T. I. M., 1910, crp. ~15-~17.

- 9

~ITO OH noxasusaer Hall JIM'IHOCTb B ueJIOM, naer HaM npnuepu roro,

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pOB. Hnan aamero onpoca aapsapyerca B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT roro, KaKHC

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(~eCCHH all CCOH rorOBHT.

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JIO)KeHHH, 3]tOPOBbH, cPH3J,p.JecKHx He;J;OCTarKax If nepeneceunux 60JIe3-

HHX, HaCJIenCTBCHHOCTH, Hall onpoc BfWlO'IalOT Clue H cneunansuae Bon-

POCbl: 0 npe)l{HeH npotpeccna, 01'0:\1, nonro JIH HcoblTye~IbIH eH: 3aHHMaJICSI

H sacro JIH MeHm! pa60TIJl, YBJIeKaJICH JIH csoea npotpeccaeit (npauepu l)II T. it. B uexoropux CJIYlJaSIX rrpHXO]tHTCSI CTaBHTb sonpoc 0 CTcnCHH

06mHTeJIbHOCTH acnuryexoro, 0 ero 3HaKoMblX H npY3bSIX, 0 TOM JIIO-

6HT JIIi OH nocemars 06!ueCTBCHHble MeCTa H BecTH paarosopa H T. n.;

o TOM, H3CKOJIbKO CHJIbHO Y Hero 6blBaCT repncnae Jl 6blJIH JIH cnyxau,

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naapsn JIH 1II0iKHO C'-IIHaTb MeTO]t orrpoca ,llOCTaTOlJHblM. Bens MHOfHX

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HJUI HHbIX q)a£nax Mbl He MO)l{eM nOJIy'-IHTb OTBeTa. OC06CHHO BCHO

aro B TOM CJIyqaC, xorna HcnhlTyeMblH TOJIbKO JJ{CJlaeT H36paTb KaKYIO-

HH6Y,llb CnCUHaJIbHOCTb, He 6Y..'lY'JH C HCH lIpaKTII'-leCKH 3HaKoM; B ra-

ROM CJIYlJae Mbl lHanpaCBO 6Y)l.eM cnpamasars y lKeJlalOmero C1'aTb,

nanp., apaxeu 0 creneua ero MC,llHUHHCKOH HBTyHUHH, 06 YMeHHu non-

XO,llHTb K 60JIbllOMY H T. n. HCI{OTOpble KalJeCTBa H cnocoriaocra paa-

BHBalOTC.II TOJIbKO OP" .UJIHreJlbHOM ynparsueaan HX B ,llanHOH npotpcc-CHH; ,llJlH HX pa31H1I11H HYIKHbl JIHWb uexoropue OCHOBhI, npennocunaa,

a HX Mbl '-IaCTO, nYTeM onpoca, He MomeM BhlHCHHTb.

Boauaxaer He06xOlHMOCTb HCKYCCTBeBO nuaaar s TaKI-fC nccyuic-

crsyioume Ka'-lCCTBa 1-1nOJIOJI\CHlU1 JIH'-IHOCTI-f; MbI npHXO;J;HM K Hc06-

XO;J,IUIOCTII 3KcnepHMCHTa.

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aue II30JIHPOB3HI-1I,..ICUCIfXH'-lCCI\HC ,,3JICMCHTbI", aaanusap 'IOLUI1H 3I\C(1('-

- 10-pHMeHT; 3J];eCb pess J];OJI)l{Ha JiTTH 060.1ce-eCTeCTBeHHOM 3I{CnepHMCHTe,

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lV. Stem'a=; Totalwarianten" 1); Mil J];O)l{HhI npHMeHHTb 3J;eCb HCCJIe-

J];YIOllI.HH peansaue nCHXOJIOrH'IeCI{He BeJIH'IHHhI "CHHTeTH'IeCI{HH sxcne-

pnaeur",HeKOTopIlC nonurxn K H3MeHeHHIO 3I{CnepHMeHTaJIbHblX MeTOJ];OB

B aTOM HanpaB.1]CHHH OhlJIH ynce CJ];C.laHbI nCHXOJIOrHeH caxoro nOCJIeJ];-

Hero BpeMeHH. 3J];eCb MO/l{HO YIW3aTb na nonarxa JIa3YpcICoZO, KBa.1H-

CPHUHpOBaHHbTe JIM KaK "eCTCCTBCHHbIH SKcnepHMCHT" 2). Ilo.r 3THM

TCPMHHOM JIa3YpcICuU nOHHMaeT aHaJIH3 npOHBJIeHlIH nCHXH'lCCKOH JI,C-

HTeJlbHOCTH '-IeJIOBeKa TaI{, Kan: OHa npOHCXOJI,I1T B JI,cticTBHTeJIbHOCTH;

npOHBJIHeHHH ncnuryeuoro cy6'CI{Ta OCTaIOTCH eCTeCTBeHHhIMH, r.ve.TaKHMH, KaKHMH OHH 6J,lnaIOT B )l{H3HH (nanp., nrpa, 'ITer-me, paccxa-

auaaase), HO npn 3rOM axcnepaxe ararop BHHMareJIbHO CJIC)J.HT aa

HHMH, no B03MO)l{HOCTH qmKCHpYCT-HX na 6yl\wJ'e, C TeM, 'IT06h1 non-

aeprnyrr, HX J];aJIbHeHUIeMY aHaJIH3Y. "B MCTO)J.I1KE'eCTeCTBCHHoro 3K-

crrCpIUref.ITa,-fOBOPHT Jla3YPCICUU,-HCB03MO)I{HO ~H30JIHpOBaTh OT)J.eJ1b-

HhI(' lICHXH'ICCKHe 3JIeMCHThI... 3,a:CCb npH.'lCTCH cynars 00 HHJ];HBH.'lyaJIb-

HbI.' ocooeHHOCTHX JIH'-IHOCTH na OCHOBaHHH COnOCTaBJleHHH OTJ];CJIb-

lIh1X CJIO)l{HhlX npOHBJIeHI1H" 3).To, '-ITO ,'l.aer HaM nOJI,OOHIlH axcnepuaear=-n ecrr. caxoe ueunoe

JI,'Js{ nCIlXOTeXHH'leCKOrO HCCJIC)J.OBaHHHOT)J.eJIbHhlX, HY)l{HIlX JI,JIH onpenc-

JIeHHhlX cnermansnocrea, "cnOC06HOCTE'H"; 1I0,.'.{06HhlH axcnepaaeurHBJIHeTCH He aHa,1]H30M aocrpaxruux, H30JIHpOBaHHblX ~3JICMeHTOB", HO

ucsyccmeennuu eusuoauueu ecmecmeewuux np0l{eCC08. B npouecce ua-mew nCHXOTeXHWleCKOH pa60ThI MbI lIW)I{ellf nocnonsaonarscn nonoriauul\IeTO~OM. l.rro6h1 HCKYCCTBeHHO auanarr, TC cnoc06HOCTH, KOTOPhIC

JIY)l{HhI ncnuryeaouy JI,JIH pa60ThI B KaJ{OH-HrIoYnb onpeneaeuuoii npo-

CPCCCHH,nOJIy'IHTb narioparopnua nYTCM CI{O.lOK, MOACJIb roro 'ITO OIl

6YJ];CT nenars B Ka'IeCTBC CneUHaJIHCTa 1). Eho H naer lIcL\{ B03MO)l{nOCTb

U<l3BaTb pa36HpacMhII1 311.CCbBH,r( sxcnepaaeura .,on"lfnaMU-MOOe.tlflMu".MIOflcmep6epz Y)l{C npHMCHHJI IIo)J,06Hble OIIblThI K HCCJIeJ\;.OBaHHIO

npotpeccaa, Tpe6YloUl.eH no ero MHeHHIO "CJIO)I{lJOro KOMnJIeI{Ca TPYlI.HO

pa3JIOi'I{HlIIhlX nCHXH'leCI(HX CBoikTB"-I{ nporpeccnn 8a20fl080JICamow.UeJIblO npaaeaenaux HM lIfeTO,r(OB 6hI.1]0 "BocnpOJ-I3BCCTH JI,J1Haxcnepu-MCHTa nepeaomaaaa JI,aHHOH parioru H T. o. C03JI,arb B MHHl1aTIOpC ace

1) W, Stern Die differenziclle Psychologie in ihren mcthodischen GrundlagcnLeipzig, 1911, CTP, 151-

~) CAI. Yjl\e uarapoaaanyio craTLIO A. JIa3YPcICoZO "0 ecreCTBeHHOM oxcnepu-MeHre" B Eil{erO,[lHHI{C excnepaacar. neaarorarca aa 1911 f.

3) "0 eCTeCTB. 31'COrpIU!., CTp. 97.4) I\oHe'lHO, ltlLl oepeu 3,[lCCb Te seprra AaHHoH npo$eCCIlOH;t,'1LHOif pa601'b1~

xoropue He 3aBHCHr OT ynpanrueuaa H He nonysarorcn ny'IeA1 011b11'a,

- 11

Heooxo,n.HMbIC BHeIIlHHe YCJIOBHH" 1), KOHCqliO He B CMbICJIe I{OHcrpYH-pOBaHlUI "Ma.'IeHbI{HX BarOHOB rpaasaa", HO B CMbIC.'IC C03.J,aHHH "BHY-rpenucro CXO,'J;CTBarICHXII'leCIHIX <PYHKIlHH" 2). 3,nCCb nCT HY}K.J.1llnon-

porino OrIHChIBaTh c,ncJIaHHbllI Mioucrepricproa ,'!;JIllaroH l{CJIH armapar,]J,OCTaTOqHO CKa3aTb, 'lTO B ero OrIblTC COXP'lBIVIaCb ra CI1HTeTHqCCKaH

l{CJlbHOCTb caoilcrn, xoropas ,nOJ'Iil\Ha 6bITb HCCJIe!WBaHa Y JIUl{a, H36a-paroutcro ce6e npoiheccmo aaroaoaoacaroro.

ECJIH nO.J,06HbIe MeTOJJ.hI npHMeHHMbl ,n.'I5I cpaBHHTc.lbIJO MCHeeCJIOiKllbJX nporpeccnfi, TO erne 60JIce np:iMCHH~lbl OHYI I( opOCPCCCHHMCJIO)!{HblM H OC06CIlHO upOCPCCCIIHM, T. Ha3. IIIITeJlJICKrya.'IbHhDL B npax-

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11P1HICPOM 1IIOiT{CT cnynturs HCCJIC,nOBaIllIC JIlII.ta, JKCJIalOlll.erO no-ClHITIHb CCOH npoqJCCCHH nedazoza. KaK CJIOj-T{HaH H OTHIO,'!;b He ane-lIICHTapIIaH nporpcccnsr-> ona I{pai1HC rpynuo paanaracrcn na OT,nCJlbIIbJe"ncn.'vIT1CCI{IIC a.rexenru": 3<1TO 1Ilhl HMeeM sneer, liCJlhIH p51;'\ axnrrpu-

'lCCKHX II [lIIOJlHC TO'IIlO YCTanOBIIlIIL1X "COOC06110CTCH~ 11 "nCHXH'Ie-CI{UX KalJCCTB". B BbIp<l6oTaI-mOH n axnr nporpnxuc HCC.lJCJJ.OBaHLHMU

HClXO.J,lnf, HanpILICp, rarcne I,a'lCCTBa, I{aI~ "BUCOI{aH crencns "lymKOCm'.lIlI'.(.'O.J,a r, peOCHl~Y, cnOCOOIJOCTb BilumaHHll" (nporpauua HCC,lCU.,

II. 3), "y~!eHlIC BbJOllparb MarcpIIa.'1 H npacnocotinart, cro I( nCIIXllKC

pcoenxa- (rr. 5), ~y.i!CHIlC 5lC1l0, xonxpcruo II YB.lcKaTc:ILHO II3:IaraTbBhJOpaHHhJU :\13TCP'1<1.'I" (rr. 8 If II. 9), "13UCOI,OC y~!CHHC HIJ,'J:HBH,'J:yamr·:mpoBc?Tb CBOlf nonxo.i rc petiemcy" (n. 4), II T. :(.

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