La Biotecnología y Su Aplicación en Las Ciencias Veterinarias(1)

7/25/2019 La Biotecnologa y Su Aplicacin en Las Ciencias Veterinarias(1)

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UNIVERSIDAD TCNICA DE MACHALA

UNIDAD ACADMICA DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIASCARRERA: MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA

CICLO: PrimeroE-MAIL: [email protected]

PROFEOR: I!". Milto! tali! Colla"#a$o

Machala, 13 de enero del 2016


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1. LA BIOTECNOLOGA Y S A!LICACI"N EN LAS CIENCIAS

#ETE$INA$IAS1.1. !E$%ECCIONAMIENTO &E LOS M'TO&OS &E &IAGN"STICO.

E! e%te cam&o el a&orte '#!(ame!tal (e la )iolo"*a Molec#lar corre%&o!(e al (e%c#+rimie!to ,&ro(#cci! (e a!tic#er&o% mo!oclo!ale% o+te!i(o% &or /0hler , Mil%tei! e! Cam+ri("e e!193 ello "racia% al #%o (e c4l#la% h*+ri(a% co!oci(a% co! el !om+re "e!4rico (e hi+ri(oma ,5#e tie!e! la &artic#lari(a( (e m#lti&licar%e i! vitro i!(e'i!i(ame!te , (e lo% c#ale% %e e(e!o+te!er a!tic#er&o% r*%imo% , e%&ec*'ico% llama(o% mo!oclo!ale%. El hi+ri(oma e! e%e!cia e%el c#ltivo (e clo!e% (e li!'ocito% ) i!mortali$a(o% "racia% a %# '#%i! co! c4l#la% (el mieloma.E%to oca%io! #!a revol#ci! e! la I!m#!olo"*a , e! lo% m4to(o% (e (ia"!%tico. Co! re%&ecto ae%to% ltimo% "a!aro! e! &reci%i! e%&eci'ici(a( , &recoci(a( &ri!ci&alme!te &or5#e %e e(e!

&e%5#i%ar ca!ti(a(e% *!'ima% (e a!tic#er&o% e e%t#(ia la &o%i+ili(a( (el #%o tera&4#tico (ea!tic#er&o% mo!oclo!ale% e%&ecialme!te &ara cierto% ti&o% (e c7!cere% , 'e!me!o% (ehi%toi!com&ati+il*(a(.

ra!(e% &o%i+ili(a(e% o'rece! &ara el '#t#ro el #%o (el m4to(o e! ta!(em , el (e lo%a!tic#er&o% mo!oclo!ale% h*+ri(o%.

Otro &a%o ha %i(o el #%o com+i!a(o (e e%ta% tec!olo"*a% co! m4to(o% (e EIA , RIA %#&er'eccio!amie!to , a(o&ci! a (i'ere!te% m4to(o% electro'or4tico% , cromato"r7'ico% e! e%te

ltimo ca%o e%&ecialme!te e! lo 5#e %e re'iere a la Cromato"ra'*a (e )ioa'i!i(a(.

1.2. #ACNAS SINT'TICAS

El &ri!ci&io +iol"ico +7%ico &ara i!iciar la &ro(#cci! (e vac#!a% %i!t4tica% re%i(e e! elco!ocimie!to 5#e la re%e%ta (e lo% or"a!i%mo% a lo% a!t*"e!o% e% (e&e!(ie!te (e #! e%trictoco!trol "e!4tico , e%t7 &ri!ci&alme!te relacio!a(a co! la 'amilia (e lo% "e!e% Como Ma,or(e


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Do %e #%a! or"a!i%mo vivo% !o mo(i'ica(o% &ara %# &ro(#cci!.

?ie!e! alto "ra(o (e re$a , !o (e+iera! (e &ro(#cir e'ecto% %ec#!(ario%.

Po%ee! ma,or e'ecto , (#raci! i!m#!itaria.

o! m#, re%i%te!te% a cam+io% (e tem&erat#ra , &


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A !ivel %a!"#*!eo: o+te!er 'actore% 5#e co!%erve! me;ore! , re&ro(#$ca! co! ma,ore'icie!cia la% '#!cio!e% (el %i%tema %a!"#*!eo. e ha &ate!ta(o ,a #! 'actor e%tim#la!te (e lo%"ra!#locito%.

E% i!(#(a+le 5#e co! el '#t#ro &a5#ete (e me(icame!to% +iotec!ol"ico% la tera&ia (e la%&atolo"*a% m4(ica% %#'rir7 #! e!orme cam+io co! "ra! +e!e'icio &ara la &ro(#cci! a!imal (e

lo% re+aBo% e%&ecialme!te &ara lo% (e elite , lo% (e e&lotaci! i!te!%iva. i! em+ar"o laa&licaci! (e e%to% '7rmaco% e(e te!er al"#!o% rie%"o%. La% e!$ima% , hormo!a% 5#e %e&ro&o!e #%ar %o! o+;eto (e #!a re"#laci! m#, 'i!a e! el or"a!i%mo , e% &reci%o te!er &re%e!te5#e e(e! (e%atar e'ecto% a#! !o &revi%i+le%. Por ello tal ve$ %er*a &r#(e!te e! la &rimeraeta&a #%arla% ta! %lo e! &atolo"*a% 5#e !o re%&o!(a! a la% tera&ia% cl7%ica%.

1.(. CONT$OL Y T$ATAMIENTOS &E LAS EN%E$ME&A&ES)E$E&ITA$IAS

e e(e e&re%ar %i! temor a e5#ivocaci! 5#e la &ro'e%i! veteri!aria a !ivel m#!(ial e%t7

m#, &oco %e!%i+ili$a(a co! relaci! a la im&orta!cia (e la% e!'erme(a(e% here(itaria%. Ello &e%ea lo% e%tra"o% &ro(#ci(o% e! re+aBo% , ra$a% &or alteracio!e% como la hi&o&la%ia "e!itale!'erme(a( (e la% va5#illa% +la!ca% acrome"alia e!a!i%mo Ha"(e'ect acro%oma &er%i%te!teetc. act#alme!te alteracio!e% como CIH 5#e &o!e e! &eli"ro la ei%te!cia (e lo% ca+allo%7ra+e% o el rev#elo 5#e e%t7 ca#%a!(o e! Ca!a(7 , JA el 'actor KI e! la ra$a o &or la t4c!ica (e lo% oli"o!#cleti(o% al4lico%e%&ec*'ico% =AO>. E%ta% t4c!ica% %o! ca(a ve$ m7% e&e(ita% , co!'ia+le%. i el ori"e! (e laa!omal*a !o e% co!oci(o e% &o%i+le e%ta+lecer el (ia"!%tico a!ali$a!(o el "e!oma (e

a%ce!(ie!te% co! %o!(a (e AHD , co! ello #+icar la re"i! cromo%mica (o!(e %e %ita el "e!re%&o!%a+le (e la a!omal*a Lo% &ro"re%o% (e tale% t4c!ica% e! el hom+re %er7! (e #tili(a( &ara(ia"!o%ticar e!'erme(a(e% here(itaria% e! to(a% la% e%&ecie%.

E%t#(io% recie!te% llama! la ate!ci! 5#e cromo%oma% i(4!tico% a'ecta(o% &or #!a mi%maa!omal*a &rovoca! e!'erme(a(e% (i'ere!te% %i %o! (e ori"e! &ater!o o mater!o. D#eva materia

&ara (il#ci(ar.

1.*. SELECCI"N CONT$A EN%E$ME&A&ES

El m4to(o &ara %eleccio!ar co!tra e!'erme(a(e% %e +a%a e! i(e!ti'icar , ai%lar marca(ore% AHDvi!c#la(o% co! "e!e% 5#e co(i'ica! caractere% (e re%i%te!cia a la% e!'erme(a(e%. Hice! relaci!co! el '#!cio!amie!to (el %i%tema i!m#!itario &ri!ci&alme!te co! lo% meca!i%mo% (e


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re%i%te!cia o %e!%i+ili(a( a la% &atolo"*a% ta!to a%ocia(a% o !o al CM


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lo 113 (e lo% !aci(o% %o! &orta(ore% (el "e! tra!%'eri(o.

Q (e lo% tra!%"4!ico% &orta(ore% %o! ca&ace% (e tra!%mitir e%e "e! a la &rima"e!eraci!.

Otro% m4to(o% (e tra!%"e!ia %o!: lo% retrovir#% vectore% c4l#la% em+rio!aria% &rimaria% =E..

Em+rio!ic ,%tem Cell%> li&o%oma% &orta(ore% vectore% a#t!omo% (e re&licaci!.

e e%tima 5#e (#ra!te lo% &rimo% 1 aBo% la t4c!ica (e microi!,ecci! (el &ro!cleo %e"#ir7%ie!(o el m4to(o (e elecci!.

E! re%#me! la e'icie!cia 'i!al 'l#cta e!tre 2.

La tra!%'ere!cia e! lo% a!imale% (e la+oratorio e%t7 m7% ava!$a(a 5#e e! lo% a!imale%(om4%tico%. Lo% &rimero% ac#%a! al"#!a% ve!ta;a% como e% la &re%e!cia (e li!ea% m#, ra%carto"ra'*a cromo%mica m7% ava!$a(a la&%o i!ter"e!eracio!al m#cho m7% corto.

Lo% &ro+lema% m7% (i'*cile% &ara el #%o (e e%ta% t4c!ica% e! lo% a!imale% (om4%tico% (eriva! (elo% co%to% i!cl#,e!(o e! ello% la +a;a e'icie!cia (#raci! (e la% e&erie!cia% , (#raci! (e lo%la&%o% i!ter"e!eracio!ale%. i! em+ar"o el 4ito cie!t*'icoe&erime!tal e%t7 (e&e!(ie!(o (el(e%arrollo (e la Carto"ra'*a Cromo%mica com&leta e! ca(a e%&ecie , (e la% t4c!ica% a(ec#a(a%(e tra!%'ere!cia e! el %e!ti(o m7% am&lio e%to 5#e !o %e co!oce! lo% eleme!to% "e!4tico%5#e co!trola! lo% &ar7metro% &ro(#ctivo%. La% !#eva% meta% (e la e!4tica i!cl#,e la ha+ili(a(

&ara tra!%'erir "e!e% e! el "e!oma (e lo% a!imale% (om4%tico% i(e!ti'icar "e!e% , cromo%oma%5#e e%t4! a%ocia(o% co! caracter*%tica% &ro(#ctiva% im&orta!te% , a%* 'acilitar #!a %elecci!(irecta , r7&i(a. e &ie!%a 5#e a 'i!ale% (e e%te %i"lo o al comie!$o (el %i"lo KKI la t4c!ica %e(e+e e%tar #%a!(o e! lo% cam&o%.

1.6.2. BIOTECNOLOGA Y $E!$O&CCI"N ANIMAL

El #%o (e la )iotec!olo"*a &ara me;orar la e'icie!cia re&ro(#ctiva (e lo% a!imale% (om4%tico% %ece!tra e! lo% %i"#ie!te% cam&o%:

Me;orar la e'icie!cia (el ?ra!%&la!te (e Em+rio!e% =?.E.>

Lo% ava!ce% %e re'iere! a la %im&li'icaci! (e la% t4c!ica% , el me;or co!ocimie!to (e la%(i'ere!te% eta&a% tec!ol"ica%. I!(ice% (e &arto% %#&eriore% al 6 %o! corrie!te% co! el #%o (e ?.E.

Lo% &ro+lema% (ice! re'ere!cia a la 'alta (e re"#lari(a( , e! me;orar la e'icie!cia (e la#&erov#laci! =.O.> &or #!a &arte , &or otra a la ace&taci! &or lo% o+ier!o% (e ac#er(o%5#e &ermita! #! e&e(ito i!tercam+io i!ter!acio!al (e em+rio!e%.

?am+i4! la% !ece%i(a(e% (e (etermi!aci! (e la eacta &ater!i(a( , mater!i(a( (e la criao+te!i(a &or i!terme(io (e lo% hemoti&o% re%&ectivo% m7% lo% (e la cria , vie!tre rece&torori"i!a! &ro+lema% e! lo% &a*%e% e! (e%arrollo. El #%o (e la 'ra"me!taci! (el HDA e!reem&la$o (e lo% hemoti&o% (e+iera 'acilitar e%ta tarea.

La !ece%i(a( (e e%t#(iar la &rolo!"aci! (e la (#raci! (e la "e%taci! 5#e %e &ro(#ce e!

al"#!a% hem+ra% co! el #%o (e ?. E. (e+e %er acelera(a.

Me;orar lo% m4to(o% (e #&erov#lacio!


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i"#e %ie!(o e%te a%&ecto co!%i(era(o como el talo! (e A5#ile% (e la ?.E. El m4to(o ma%#%a(o e% la PM com+i!a(a o !o co! P P. La% variacio!e% a la re%e%ta ov#latoria a%*como el !#mero (e em+rio!e% %a!o% 5#e %e o+tie!e! &or e%te m4to(o &reoc#&a a &r7ctico% ,cie!t*'ico%. Do %e co!oce la ca#%a &ero la i!teracci! e!tre e%taci! (o%i% ra$a% , vi(a me(ia (ela PM %e ha! imta(o como ca#%a (e e%ta irre"#lari(a( (e acci! como tam+i4! la relaci!

co! la% (o%i% (e e%tra(iol &revia% a la a&licaci! (e la hormo!a. La relaci! F


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El #%o (e la o!o"ra'*a &ermite co! "ra! %e"#ri(a( el (ia"!%tico (e la "e%taci! (e%(e eta&a%m#, tem&ra!a% e! la ma,or*a (e la% e%&ecie%. Em&ero e! la act#ali(a( %e +#%ca! &r#e+a% (e(ia"!%tico% #ltra&recoce%. E! el cam&o e&erime!tal la (e termi!aci! (e PP &ermite(etermi!ar la &reBe$ e!tre 88 hora% 5#e %i"#e! al coito %e"! la% e%&ecie%. E%ta %e e(etra!%'ormar e! #!a &r#e+a %erol"ica +arata , (e #%o am&lio e! el '#t#ro.

Fertili$aci! i! itro

Co! m4to(o% (e 'ertili$aci! i! vitro %e ha! co!%e"#i(o !acimie!to% e! ove;a% ca+ra% , cer(o%.# ava!ce %e ha (e+i(o a la me;or com&re!%i! (e la ca&acitaci! e%&erm7tica , co! ello a lai!tro(#cci! (e !#evo% m4to(o% &ara la ca&acitaci! i! itro.

Otro% A%&ecto%

Por i!terme(io (e la I.. %e &rete!(e o+te!er a!imale% tra!%"4!ico% 5#e me;ora! la e'icie!ciae%tacio!al re&ro(#ctiva el !mero (e ov#lacio!e% la %#&ervive!cia &o%t!atal , (i%mi!#ir lamortali(a( &eri!atal.

1.6.3. BIOTECNOLOGA Y ME+O$AMIENTO GEN'TICO

E% o+vio 5#e la% relacio!e% e!tre re&ro(#cci! , &ro(#cci! a!imal %o! m#, e%trecha% , %ei!teract#a! e%to c#al5#ier a#me!to (e lo% *!(ice% re&ro(#ctivo% im&lica! a#me!to (e la

&ro(#cci!. He tal %#erte 5#e la (ivi%i! &re%e!ta(a tie!e %lo 'i!e% e&o%itivo%.

El ava!ce (e la ).M. , %#% +iotec!olo"*a% %o! #!a &rome%a &ara o+te!er meta% (e %elecci! ,me(io% (e &ro&a"aci! (e "e!oma% %#&eriore%. E!tre ella% %e c#e!ta la ca&aci(a( &ara tra!%'erir!#evo% "e!e% e! lo% "e!oma% (e lo% a!imale% (om4%tico% a%* como la i(e!ti'icaci! (e "e!e%

&or i!terme(io (e la t4c!ica RFLP e%&ecialme!te (e a5#ello% a%ocia(o% a caracter*%tica% +7%ica%(e &ro(#cci!. Ello &ermite #!a %elecci! m7% (irecta m7% r7&i(a , m7% co!'ia+le (e tale%caracter*%tica%.

e co!%i(era 5#e el tra+a;o co! em+rio!e% clo!a(o% %er7 herramie!ta (el '#t#ro &ara la %elecci!, &r#e+a% (e &ro"e!ie e%&ecialme!te e! l*!ea% ra%. i a ello %e a"re"a el #%o (e "e!e%marca(o% a#me!ta la co!'ia!$a e! la %elecci! me;ora!(o la% "a!a!cia% "e!4tica%i!ter"e!eracio!ale% %e"! al"#!o% a#tore% e! *!(ice% 5#e 'l#cta! e!tre Q3.

E%to% !#evo% m4to(o% alca!$a! #tili(a( c#a!(o %e e(e! a&licar ma%ivame!te. El #%o (e lai!'ormaci! "e!4tica 5#e acarrea! la% !#eva% t4c!ica% (e la ).M. me;ora! tam+i4! la %e"#ri(a(

(e %elecci! (e lo% a!imale% ;ve!e% e%to 5#e %e co!oce! %#% a&tit#(e% "e!mica% a!te% (eco!ocer %#% r4cor( (e &er'orma!ce , m#cho a!te% (e la% i!'ormacio!e% 5#e (eriva! (e %#&ro"e!ie. E% (ecir &ermite! a(ela!tar la% &r#e+a% (e &ro"e!ie , e!tre"a! ma,or %e"#ri(a( (ecali'icaci!.

E%ta% !#eva% t4c!ica% (etecta! la variaci! molec#lar (e lo% "e!e% mi%mo% &ero li+re% (e laacci! (el am+ie!te. i! em+ar"o !o ha, (#(a 5#e el hecho 5#e la ma,or*a (e la% caracter*%tica%(e i!ter4% &ro(#ctivo e%t4! co(i'ica(a% &or m#cho% "e!e% (i'ic#lta la tra!%'ere!cia , &or otrola(o i!(ica 5#e ella e%t7 '#erteme!te i!'l#i(a &or lo% 'e!me!o% (e e&re%i! (el "e!. Ello llevaa !o olvi(ar 5#e la e&lotaci! (e #! "e! (e&e!(e tam+i4! (el co!ocimie!to (e lo% meca!i%mo%5#e re"#la! %# e&re%i!. La "l7!(#la mamaria &ro(#ce ca!ti(a(e% co!%i(era+le% (e &rote*!a% a

&artir (e #! !mero &e5#eBo (e "e!e% la i(ea e% &or tra!%"4!e%i% me;orar la ca!ti(a( ,!at#rale$a (e la% &rote*!a% 5#e %i!teti$a la "l7!(#la mamaria. i! em+ar"o la &ro(#cci! (eleche e% #! &ro+lema como e! el c#al e%t7! e! ;#e"o m#cho% "e!e% (e&e!(ie!(o


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&ri!ci&alme!te (e la &ro(#cci! (e m#cha% hormo!a%: &rolacti!a i!%#li!a "l#cocorticoi(e%&ro"e%tero!a etc. El &ro+lema e% %i %e %eleccio!a &ara cali(a( (e leche &ara ca!ti(a( o &araam+a% caracter*%tica%. e"! %ea la re%e%ta (i'ere!te %er7 la e%trate"ia.

E! re%#me! %e e(e e&re%ar 5#e la evol#ci! (el im&acto (e la ).M. , la I.. te!"a! %o+re el(e%arrollo (e la &ro(#cci! a!imal (e&e!(e (e la "i"a!te%ca tarea 5#e %i"!i'ica co!ocer a

ca+ali(a( la Carto"ra'*a Cromo%mica (e ca(a e%&ecie &ro(#ctiva , &or ta!to (etermi!ar e! 5#el#"ar (el cromo%oma e%t7! i!%tala(o% e% (ecir co!ocer la %ec#e!cia eacta (e AHD (e ca(acromo%oma. Lo% ava!ce% %o! e!orme% &ero a! i!%#'icie!te%.

2.


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3. TILIACI"N &E LA NANOTECNOLOGA EN LA

#ETE$INA$IALa !a!otec!olo"*a e% #!o (e lo% m7% co!%&ic#o% actore% (e la revol#ci! cie!t*'ica 5#e marca el

&ri!ci&io (el !#evo mile!io. El (e%c#+rimie!to (e i!e%&era(o% com&ortamie!to% '*%ico5#*mico%(e la materia a e%cala !a!om4trica ha a+ierto el cami!o (e !#eva% tec!olo"*a% tile% &ara lame(ici!a veteri!aria e%&ecialme!te lo% !a!o'7rmaco% =me(icame!to% +a%a(o% e! la 5#*micae%&ec*'ica (e la% !a!o&art*c#la%> , lo% !a!o(i%&e!%a(ore% =tra!%&orta(ore% co! (e%ti!o%e%&ec*'ico% &ro"rama(o%>.

Recie!teme!te %e ha! crea(o !a!o&art*c#la% 5#e imita! la %#&er'icie (e la mem+ra!a cel#lar (elo% e!terocito% (el &ollo. Arri+a(a% al i!te%ti!o &or v*a oral c#a!(o al"! "erme! %e acerca a la%

&art*c#la% 4%ta% %e cierra! e!volvie!(o al microor"a!i%mo tra% lo c#al %e a"l#ti!a! #!a% co!otra% , %e elimi!a! a trav4% (e la% (e,eccio!e%. ?ale% !a!o&art*c#la% co!%tit#,e! #! Salime!toi!teli"e!teT ca&a$ (e &rote"er al ave (e al"#!a% e!'erme(a(e% i!'eccio%a% Rem&la$a!(o lavac#!a tra(icio!al co!tra el vir#% (e la a'to%a &4&ti(o% co!;#"a(o% co! !a!o&art*c#la% i!erte%

&rovocaro! %i"!i'icativa% re%e%ta% i!m#!e% cel#lare% , h#morale% e! ove;a% . La!a!otec!olo"*a co!%tit#,e ho, #!a herramie!ta alter!ativa &ara l#char co!tra el ar+ovir#% (e laSle!"#a a$#lT (e lo% a!imale% (om4%tico% (a(a la &o%i+ili(a( (e o+te!er #!a vac#!a e'ectivaco!tra la e!'erme(a(. La !a!otec!olo"*a &o%i+ilit la ei%te!cia (e #!a !#eva r#ta (evehic#li$aci! (e '7rmaco%. E! mo(elo% a!imale% !a!o&art*c#la% (iero! %er tra!%&orta(a%(irectame!te (e%(e la !ari$ al cere+ro a trav4% (el e&i-telio ol'ativo , lo% !ervio% tri"4mi!o% co!la ve!ta;a (e !o %er a'ecta(a% &or re'l#;o m#co%o !i (e"ra(aci! e! la cavi(a( !a%al.e e%tima 5#e #!a (e la% &ri!ci&ale% co!tri+#cio!e% (e lo% (e!(r*mero% %er7 el (ia"!%tico , laerra(ica-ci! (e lo% t#more% mali"!o% 5#e a'ecta! a la &o+laci! "eri7trica (e &e5#eBo%a!imale% al li+erar 5#imioter7&ico% e i%to&o% ra(iactivo% (e!tro (e la microva%c#lat#ra (elt#mor. El mi%mo &ri!ci&io &o(r*a a&licar%e al hi&ertiroi(i%mo (el "ato.He%(e la &er%&ectiva (el tratamie!to %e ha! #tili-$a(o !a!o&art*c#la% &ara i!tro(#cir '7rmaco% ,"e!e% e! la% c4l#la% a'ecta(a% &or #!a e!'erme(a( o +ie! &ara i(e!ti'icar , (e%tr#ir (etermi!a(a%c4l#la% (ia!a &or e;em&lo t#morale%. E! e%te ltimo ca%o %e ha! em&lea(o !a!ocri%tale%c#7!tico% 5#e al %er ecita(o% reemite! l#$ 'l#ore%ce!te e! #!a lo!"it#( (e o!(a (e termi!a(a5#e (e&e!(e (irectame!te (el tamaBo (el cri%tal. I!,ecta(o% e! el torre!te circ#latorio (el a!imal

e(e! &o!er e! evi(e!cia c4l#la% (aBa(a% me(ia!te la il#mi!aci! e%&ec*'ica. e ha! (i%eBa(o

!a!ot#+o% 5#e al %er i!,ecta(o% e! la %a!"re %e co!ce!tra! e! tor!o a #! t#mor. i %e e&o!e ela!imal a la l#$ i!'rarro;a lo% !a!ot#+o% a+%or+e! r7&i(ame!te e%ta e!er"*a , %e calie!ta! ha%ta33UC (e%tr#,e!(o el t#mor %i! (aBar lo% te;i(o% circ#!(a!te%.E! Ar"e!ti!a el ID?I e%t7 (e%arrolla!(o !a!oa(,#va!te% m#coa(he%ivo% &ara #%o veteri!arioa%*como &ara im&la!te% (e!tale% , &rte%i% e!(%ea% , artic#lare%. E! cola+oraci! co! el ID?A %ee%t7! e%t#(ia!(o la% v*a% oral e i!tra!a%al &ara la a(mi!i%traci! (e a!t*"e!o% microe!ca&%#la(o%, %# li+eraci! co!tro-la(a &ara la &reve!ci! (e e!'erme(a(e% (e &orci!o% , +ovi!o% e!treella% la 5#eratoco!;#!tiviti% +ovi!a. e (i%eBaro! !a!omatrice% (e 5#ito%a!o #!a e%&ecie (eS!a!o!ave tra!%m#co%aT 5#e a(em7% (e %er m#coa( he%iva %er7 &la#%i+le (e %er ca&t#ra(a &orc4l#la% (el %i%tema i!m#!e. Para &rote"er el a!t*"e!o , &o%i+ilitar %# e!tra(a a trav4% (e la%

&laca% (e Pe,er %e (i%&o!(r7 (e ar5#eo%oma ve%*c#la% &ara (eliver,&re&ara(a% a &artir (el*&i(o% =ar5#eol*&i(o%: 4tere% (el "licerol co! ca(e!a% &olii%o&re!oi(e%> (e eleva(a re%i%te!ciae%-tr#ct#ral e! e!tor!o% 'i%ico5#*mico% ho%tile% ca&ace% (e (e"ra(ar otra% vac#!a%


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La% !a!o&art*c#la% ha! revela(o #tili(a( &ara el (ia"!%tico (e e!'erme(a(e% a%* como &araact#ar como %i%tema% (e tra!%&orte , e!tre"a (e me(icame!-to%. La i!ve%ti"aci! ha (emo%tra(ola via+ili(a( (e i!tro(#cir !a!ot#+e%, !a!o%hell%e! lo% a!imale% &ara +#%car , (e%tr#ir(etermi!a(a% c4l#la% +la!co. Mie!tra% e% ra$o!a+le &re%#mir 5#e e! #! '#t#ro cerca!o lo%(e%arrollo% (e la i!(#%tria !a!o+iotec!ol"ica revol#cio!ar7! la me(ici!a veteri!aria ei%tetam+i4! #!a "ra! &reoc#&aci! %o+re %# re&erc#%i! e! la% 7rea% (e la alime!taci! , la %al#(

a%* como &ro+lema% %ociale% , 4tico% 5#e e(e! (emorar o (e%viar lo% ava!ce% tec-!ol"ico%.La% AHD!a!om75#i!a% =HDA!a!omachi!e%>%o! e!%am+le% %i!t4tico% c#,a e%tr#ct#ramolec#lar cam+ia al %er e%tim#la(a &or "atillo% eter!o% como '#e (emo%tra(o e! a!imale%. J!o(e e%to% (i%&o%itivo% e% ca&a$ (e %er activa(o &or &roto!e% , '#!cio!ar i! vivocomo #! %e!%or (e

&< al tra!%'erir e!er"*a (e%(e el i!terior (e #!a c4l#la &or re%o!a!cia 'l#ore%ce!te i!'orma!(o=co! #! ra!"o (e 33 a 68> el e%ta(o (el &< i!tracel#larE! la act#ali(a( %i #! a!imal re%#lta a'ecta(o &or #!a e!'erme(a( e(e! &a%ar (*a% e i!cl#%o%ema!a% o me%e% a!te% (e 5#e lo% %*!toma% %e ha"a! evi(e!te%. A e%a% alt#ra% la i!'ecci! e(eha+er%e ete!(i(o lo %#'icie!te como &ara hacer%e i!co!trola+le , aca+ar co! la vi(a (e!#mero%o% e;em&lare%. La !a!otec!olo-"*a o&era me(ia!te la (etecci! , erra(icaci! tem&ra-!a%. Por e;em&lo #! %i%tema (e tratamie!to i!teli"e!te &o(r*a co!%i%tir e! #! (i%&o%itivo e!

mi!iat#ra im&la!-ta(o e! el a!imal 5#e m#e%tree =a!alice> re"#larme!te %# %aliva. M#cho a!te%(e 5#e a&are$ca! lo% %*!toma% el %i%tema i!te"ra(o (e (etecci! , co!trol alertar*a %o+re la

&re%e!cia (e la e!'erme(a( , !oti'icar*a al &ro(#ctor o al veteri!ario &ara i!%ta#rar el tratamie!toa(ec#a(o

3. TILIACION &E LA GENETICA EN LA ME&ICINA#ETE$INA$IA.

M#cho% (e lo% ra%"o% (e im&orta!cia eco!mica im&orta!te e! el "a!a(o lechero %o!

c#a!titativo%: &ro(#cci! (e leche com&o%ici! (e la leche co!'ormaci! =tam+i4! llama(oti&o> e'icie!cia (e co!ver%i! (e alime!to re%i%te!cia a e!'erme(a(e%. e me!cio!a 5#e lae!4tica %e ha (ivi(i(o e! tre% "ra!(e% rama%: e!4tica cl7%ica =tam+i4! llama(a "e!4ticame!(elia!a o (e la tra!%mi%i!> e!4tica molec#lar , e!4tica (e &o+lacio!e%.

La a&licaci! (e la "e!4tica e! la cr*a (e a!imale% &ermite i(e!ti'icar c#7le% %o! la%caracter*%tica% +e!e'icio%a% &ara a%* &o(er i!creme!tar la "e!eraci! (e leche car!e% , &o(er%eleccio!ar c#7le% %o! e%o% &atro!e% 5#e (e%eamo% 5#e %e ma!i'ie%te! &ara 'avorecer la%c#ali(a(e% a!teriorme!te ee%ta% !o %olame!te &ara a#me!tar la &ro(#cci! %i!o a la ve$ e!

la &reve!ci! (e e!'erme(a(e% a trav4% (e vac#!a% 5#e i!m#!i$a! , &revie!e! !#mero%a%e!'erme(a(e%.


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C#a!(o ha+lamo% (e la e!4tica como herramie!ta &ara me;orar la &ro(#ctivi(a(!ece%ariame!te (e+emo% (e &reci%ar #!a %erie (e co!ce&to% como &or e;em&lo (e'i!ir 5#4 e% la"e!4tica , 5#e (e la% m#cha% (e'i!icio!e% &o(emo% me!cio!ar como la cie!cia 5#e e%t#(ia lavariaci! , la tra!%mi%i! (e ra%"o% o caracter*%tica% (e #!a "e!eraci! a la otra. Lo% ra%"o% ocaracter*%tica% lo% &o(emo% (ivi(ir e! c#alitativo% 5#e tie!(e! a caer (e!tro (e cate"or*a%

(i%creta%. e!eralme!te %olo #!o o #!o% &oco% "e!e% &o%ee! #! "ra! e'ecto %o+re lo% ra%"o%c#alitativo%.

El me(io am+ie!te tie!e "e!eralme!te #! &e5#eBo &a&el al i!'l#e!ciar la cate"or*a (e!tro (e la5#e el a!imal cae. E! e%te ca%o el 'e!oti&o (e #! a!imal re'le;a %# "e!oti&o. E;em&lo% (e ra%"o%c#alitativo% %o!: color (e &elo (e'ecto% here(itario% como e!a!i%mo &re%e!cia o a#%e!cia (ec#er!o% ti&o %a!"#*!eo , e! c#a!titativo% lo% 5#e (i'iere! (e lo% c#alitativo% (e (o% 'orma%im&orta!te%:

1> e e!c#e!tra! i!'l#e!cia(o% &or m#cho% &are% (e "e!e%.

2> La e&re%i! 'e!ot*&ica e% i!'l#e!cia(a m7% '#erteme!te &or el me(io am+ie!te 5#e e! el ca%o(e lo% ra%"o% c#alitativo%.

D#evo% ava!ce% e! la tec!olo"*a re&ro(#ctiva , molec#lar e(e! &ermitir &er'eccio!ar ela!7li%i% , #tili$aci! (e la% i!teraccio!e% e!tre "e!e% , e!tre lo% "e!e% , el me(io am+ie!te.Mie!tra% la% t4c!ica% molec#lare% o'rece! #!a %erie im&orta!te (e &o%i+ili(a(e% &ara la me;ora"e!4tica a!imal la materiali$aci! (e e%ta% e&ectativa% re5#iere (e la %ol#ci! (e #! !meroim&orta!te (e &ro+lema% t4c!ico% &ara a&rovechar to(a la i!'ormaci! (i%&o!i+le (e #! mo(oe'icie!te re(#cir lo% co%to% (e "e!erar i!'ormaci! "e!mica , o+te!er e%timacio!e% co!'ia+le%

(e lo% e'ecto% (e "e!e% ma,ore% co! e'ecto% e! caracter*%tica% &ro(#ctiva% =?L%> , (e laa&licaci! (e la %elecci! a%i%ti(a &or marca(ore% =AM> , la i!'ormaci! "e!mica e! "e!eral&ara la me;ora a!imal.

(. COMO SE$A LA ALIMENTACION Y LA AG$ICLT$A ENEL A-O 2030 20*0

E! co!creto lo% (ato% reco"i(o% %e corre%&o!(e! co! &revi%io!e% reali$a(a% (e cara a lo% aBo%2Q , 23 e% (ecir S&a%a(o maBa!aT , %e +a%a! e! lo% (ato% re"i%tra(o% e! lo% ltimo% aBo%.A%* la i!'o"ra'*a !o% c#e!ta 5#e el cam+io clim7tico e%t7 a'ecta!(o (e ma!era %i"!i'icativa a la%co%echa%. E! co!creto e%te 'e!me!o &rovoc e! la %e"#!(a (4ca(a (el %i"lo KKI =21%> 5#eal"#!o% (e lo% "ra!ero% m7% im&orta!te% (el &la!eta ac#%ara! %#% e'ecto% !e"ativo% (e 'orma


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e%&ecial. Por e;em&lo la &ro(#cci! (e ma*$ (i%mi!#, e! Chi!a #! , el re!(imie!to (e lo%c#ltivo% (e tri"o %e (e%&lom #! 1 e! R#%ia.

Como co!%ec#e!cia (e 5#e e%to% c#ltivo% !o co!%i"#iero! el re!(imie!to e%&era(o lo% &recio%(e lo% alime!to% %#+iero! e! el merca(o. E%to a %# ve$ (e%e!ca(e! 5#e la% &o+lacio!e% m7%v#l!era+le% co! lo% &o+re% (e V'rica , el %#r (e A%ia t#viera! 5#e (e%ti!ar la ma,or &arte (e %#%i!"re%o% a lo% alime!to%. E! el ca%o (e MalaWi la% 'amilia% &o+re% "a%taro! el 8 (e %#%i!"re%o% e! alime!tar%e mie!tra% 5#e lo% &o+re% (e E%ta(o% J!i(o% (e(icaro! el 21 .

A#!5#e e! e%o% aBo% lo% a"ric#ltore% ,a em&e$a+a! a a(a&tar %#% c#ltivo% al cam+io clim7ticome(ia!te la mo(i'icaci! (e %#% 'echa% (e %iem+ra , el #%o (e (i'ere!te% ti&o% (e c#ltivo% a! e%!ece%ario #! ma,or e%'#er$o.

2030

Co! e%te &a!orama lo% e%&eciali%ta% (el CCAF e%tima! 5#e &ara 2Q el re!(imie!to (e lo%c#ltivo% , &a%to% (i%mi!#ir7 e! !#mero%o% l#"are% (el &la!eta. Por e;em&lo e! al"#!a% &arte% (e)ra%il e% &ro+a+le 5#e lo% re!(imie!to% (e lo% c#ltivo% (el arro$ , el ma*$ (ecre$ca! #! 1 .

Para evitar e%to e% vital a(a&tar lo% c#ltivo% la "a!a(er*a , la &e%ca al cam+io clim7tico. E%&o%i+le 5#e lo% a"ric#ltore% te!"a! 5#e a&o%tar &or !#eva% varie(a(e% (e %emilla% o c#ltivo% 5#e%ea! m7% tolera!te% al calor la %e5#*a o la %ali!i(a( &or e;em&lo. Por %# &arte lo% "a!a(ero%te!(r7! 5#e te!er e! c#e!ta 5#e %#r"ir7! !#eva% e!'erme(a(e% 5#e a'ectar7! a %# "a!a(o ,c#ltivo%. A%imi%mo lo% &e%ca(ore% &o(r*a! !ece%itar re%ta#rar %itio% (e re&ro(#cci! (e"ra(a(o%como lo% ma!"lare% &ara &o(er ma!te!er la% &o+lacio!e% (e &ece%.

20*0

E! 23 lo% im&acto% "e!erali$a(o% %o+re la alime!taci! , la a"ric#lt#ra %er7! m#, &ro+a+le%.Por e;em&lo !o (e+e etraBar!o% 5#e &ara e%ta (4ca(a veamo% #!a (i%mi!#ci! me(ia (el 8 e! el re!(imie!to (e lo% &ri!ci&ale% c#ltivo% alime!tario% e! V'rica , A%ia Meri(io!al.

A#me!to% e! la tem&erat#ra terre%tre &or e!cima (e lo% UC lo% cam+io% e! lo% ciclo% (el a"#a ,el a#me!to (el !ivel (el mar %#&o!(r7 5#e %e %o+re&a%e! lo% #m+rale% cr*tico% lo 5#e &o!(r7 e!

&eli"ro la ca&aci(a( (e lo% a"ric#ltore% &ara a(a&tar%e.

A%* la% co%a% (e%(e el Pro"rama (e I!ve%ti"aci! %o+re el Cam+io Clim7tico (el Co!%orcioCIAR a(vierte! 5#e !ece%itamo% "ra!(e% i!!ovacio!e% %o+re la 'orma e! 5#e comemo%c#ltivamo% , "e%tio!amo% el "a!a(o &ara hacer 're!te a !#e%tro clima cam+ia!te. E%to i!cl#,emo(i'icar !#e%tro% h7+ito% alime!tario% a%* como el mo(o e! 5#e #%amo% la tierra.


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15/29

*. )ABLA$ SOB$E LAS 20 COSAS /E SEG$AMENTE!ASA$AN EN EL A-O 2020

5.1. TELEVISORESCONULTRAALTADEFINICINENTUCASA

Eve!t#alme!te el8/lle"ar7 &rimero a lo% ho"are% ;a&o!e%e% &ara (e a &oco ete!(er%e al re%to(el m#!(o. a%* c#a!(o te!"amo% e! ca%a la Jltra Alta He'i!ici! (el otro la(o (el &la!eta%e"#rame!te ,a e%tar7! &ro+a!(o televi%ore% co! lra Arch Mea S4er &e5ncn.

5.2. INTERNETPARA-CASI-TODOS

Co! el Pro,ecto Loo! (e oo"le la i(ea (e #! m#!(o co!ecta(o a I!ter!et e%t7 ca(a ve$ m7%cerca. e e%tima 5#e &ara el aBo 22 789 de * 7l 7llone9 de 4er9ona9 :an a e9arconecada9=a&roima(ame!te el 83 (e la &o+laci! total> el (o+le (e la% 5#e ha, e! 21Q e!(o!(e %lo el Q8 (e la &o+laci! tie!e acce%o a la We+.

5.3. CADAVEZMSDRONESVOLANDOPORLACIUDAD.
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E%to% vehculos no tripulados%e"#rame!te %e em&iece! a #%ar &rimero (e la ma!o (e la% '#er$a%(e %e"#ri(a( 4ara 4oder 7onorear e:eno9 7ldnaro9 o 974le7ene 4arllarcera9 ;ona9 de la cdad. Eve!t#alme!te ca(a ve$ %er7! m7% chico% m7% a#t!omo% , m7%a+#!(a!te% e! c#al5#ier ci#(a(.*.(. !$O)IBI&O%MA$ENLGA$ES!


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19/29

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Co! a&aratito% como el Oc#l#% Ri't la i(ea (e %e!tir%e realme!te a(e!tro (e #! m#!(o virt#al e%ca(a ve$ m7% real. S7ado al 3& cada :e; 789 real9a > a la lra ala de5ncn, 4oner9eno9 lene9 > ol:dare del 7ndo real :a a 9er 7> 9encllo.#4 mie(o X!oY
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i vamo% a (e;ar 5#e !#e%tro% a#to% %e ma!e;e! %olo% vamo% a te!er ca(a ve$ m7% co!'ia!$a e!lo% ro+ot%. Y 9 ene7o9 789 con5an;a en lo9 roo9, 4or = no de?ar =e no9 7ean elcchllo dreca7ene ello9P

E%ta 'oto e% real , %e trata (el %i%tema 5#irr"ico ro+oti$a(o [(a i!ci[5#e >a 4arc4 de 789de (00,000 cra9 en E9ado9 ndo9.
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13 G+& "& +

a !o% aco%t#m+ramo% a la% "#erra% &or el &etrleo e! #! m#!(o co! ca(a ve$ m7%

ha+ita!te% el aa 4a9ar8 a 9er ne:ale7ene n recr9o cada :e; 789 4recado.

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a e% #!a reali(a( &ero e! el 22 %er7 al"o com!. $e7era9 =e no 9e 7o?an, ela9 789re99ene9 > =e no9 4roe?an de ele7eno9 co9 o 974le7ene del calor.


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15 BL 9/"&B & )"!:&

La %#&er&o+laci!%e"#ir7 %ie!(o #! tema 7l"i(o , el co!trol (e !atali(a( re%&o!(er7 a !#eva%!ece%i(a(e%.

He%(e la (4ca(a (e 193 %e e%t7 e%t#(ia!(o , +#%ca!(o &*l(ora% a!tico!ce&tiva% rever%i+le% &aralo% hom+re% &ero el tratamie!to co! hormo!a% !o (io re%#lta(o% co!%i%te!te%. !or e9o =;8 la9olcn no :ena en 5or7a de J4ldoraJ, 4ero arde o e74rano de alna 7anera

4odre7o9 conrolar la 5er;a :al de lo9 e94er7ao;ode9.
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1 V# & + $%/ :%, &%#&/ F,:""

T%& I#&! + H""

E% #!a reali(a( , !o lo &e!%amo% ta!to como (e+er*amo% e! aBo% vamo% a te!er aBo% m7%(e !#e%tra% vi(a% "ra+a(o% e! la% re(e% %ociale%. !en98 en c7o 9era 4oder re::r ahora797o lo =e e 4a9 hace 1* aFo9, da a da, con 5oo9, :deo9, co7enaro9 de 9 a7o9.


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17 M'# ,&%#%# &H%,

ao9 elcrco9 en ne9ro da a da. La9 ne:a9 5ene9de enera ?ar8n 9n dda n 4a4el 74orane en ne9ro 5ro.

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J!ami%i!!o

trila(a a Marte reco"er7 &ie(rita% (e to(o% lo% colore% , la% traer7 %a!a% , %alva% (e v#elta aca%a. La% mi%io!e% trila(a% la% (e;amo% &ara m7% a(ela!te.

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o+re e%te !to !o ha, (ato% co!creto% &ero e%&eramo% 5#e la cie!cia %i"a ava!$a!(o , !o%re"ale la c#ra a #!o (e lo% male%tare% m7% e%t&i(o% 5#e %#'rimo% ha%ta el (*a (e ho,.

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B$ASALETE /E COON#IE$TE T !IEL EN !ANTALLA TACTIL

La '#!ci! &ri!ci&al (e Ccree% 4ro>ecar la 7aen(el (i%&o%itivo mvil 9ore la 4el del9aro. Al com+i!ar #!&ico&ro,ectorco! ocho %e!%ore% (e &roimi(a( 5#e a!ta! hacia ela!te+ra$o Cicret !o %lo re&ro(#ce la &a!talla %i!o 5#e el #%#ariopuede interactuar conella como %i '#era #!a touchscreen!ormal. El +ra$alete tam+i4! i!cor&ora acelermetro ,

%i%tema (e vi+raci! &ara !oti'icacio!e% #!a l#$ LEH co!ectivi(a( iFi , )l#etooth #! ertomicro J) , ,a %ea! 16 o Q2 "i"a+,te% (e almace!amie!to (e&e!(ie!(o (e la ver%i!. Do ha,(etalle% %o+re el ti&o (e +ater*a o %# re!(imie!to &ero co! #! &ico&ro,ector (e!tro (e laec#aci! la +ater*a &ro+a+leme!te %ea el aspecto ms importante(e %# (e%arrollo.

Lo% re%&o!%a+le% (e Ccree%t7! +#%ca!(o 'o!(o% &ara co!vertir al +ra$alete e! reali(a(.


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racia% a lo% 8 %e!%ore%(e lar"o alca!cei!te"ra(o% e! la l%era

&o(remo% co!vertir la%#&er'icie (e !#e%tra &iele! #!a &a!talla t7ctil

i!teractiva co!ecta(a a I!ter!etLa ae%ta &or la i!teli"e!cia arti'icial el (e%arrollo (e (i%&o%itivo% (e reali(a( a#me!ta(a o lami!iat#ri$aci! (e la tec!olo"*a ha co!%e"#i(o hacer reali(a( lo 5#e hace (4ca(a% %lo era 'r#to

(el ima"i!ario (e la cie!cia 'icci!.


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La Biotecnología y Su Aplicación en Las Ciencias Veterinarias(1)

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