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Eb}j{c ne ̂ ecpæj \cdæ~kmj

 Jpebn~ { ]mhfk~~ { }u j|cp~e j dj mpk}k} ne dj Nefcmpjmkj jm~ujd 

C}mjp Oueppj Ocbwêdew

Fjok}~ep (E}~unkjb~e+ Mkebmkj \cdæ~kmj$ KBJ\$ U" Mhkde

Dkmebmkjnc eb Hk}~cpkj$ Febmkýb eb M" \cdæ~kmj$ \UMQ\pcae}cp Hk}~cpkj$ Oecopjaæj { M}" ]cmkjde}$ \UMQJoc}~c$ 0<:: 

Kb~pcnummkýb

Eb ed }koukeb~e ~pj`jgc$ hefc} ne |pc|cbep |pc`defj~kjp eb ~cpbc j nc} ju~cpe} ~pj`jgjnc}

nupjb~e ed }efe}~pe ^cfjpefc} j dj ―akdc}caj |cdæ~kmj‑ ne cpkoeb he`pec Hjbbjh Jpebn~ { jd gupk}~j

  Jdefêb Mjpd ]mhfk~~ Bue}~pj edemmkýb eb |pkfep fcfeb~c nkme pedjmkýb$ mcb ebmcb~pjp eb eddc}

mkep~j }kfud~jbeknjn eb dc} fcfeb~c} hk}~ýpkmc} ne }u} c`pj}$ j dc zue kbmdu}c |cnefc} hj`djp ne dj

mcb~pj|c}kmkýb ne dc} fk}fc} Eb eddc} `u}mjpefc} hjmep dj pedjmkýb nefcmpjmkj { dknepjoc

|cdæ~kmc

Ed dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc eb dj jm~ujdknjn }e ebmueb~pj eb |jp~e ncfkbjnc |cp mkep~c} e}~unkc} |cp 

ed mujd |jpemkepjb }ep acfeb~jnc} ne}ne ed fubnc ne dj jnfkbk}~pjmkýb ne beocmkc} { eb e}|emkjd ne

dj ~ecpæj ne dj cpojbkjmkýb (Nedojnc$ 0<<>+ ]kb ef`jpoc$ ed dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc j nefê} ne }ep ub

~efj ne jf|dk~un mcbme|~ujd$ bc pe|pe}eb~j ub ~efj ne fumhj edj`cpjmkýb neb~pc ne dj mkebmkj

|cdæ~kmj Mj}c mcb~pjpkc }e nj ne}ne dj ~ecpæj |cdæ~kmj$ ncbne bc pe}ud~j febcp zue dj fj{cpæj ne dc}

ju~cpe} }e peakepjb jd dknepjwoc |cdæ~kmc |cp fenkc$ ne dj akoupj ned ―dænep‑$ }ej eb~ebnknc e}~e mcfc

oc`epbjb~e$ deok}djncp$ akdc}cac&pe{$ |pæbmk|e c fcbjpmj$ e~m Mue}~kýb zue bc} |epfk~e jakpfjp eb

|pkfep fcfeb~c zue e} ub ~efj zue }k `keb mjpeme ne neakbkmkcbe} ~c~jde}$ hj ne }ep mcb}knepjnc

mcfc aubnjfeb~jd |jpj dj mcbacpfjmkýb { mcb}~pummkýb ne dj mcfubknjn |cdæ~kmj

^cfjbnc dc} edefeb~c} ne dj mcb~kboebmkj bjmkcbjd$ mpeefc} zue bc e} febcp dj}

peaepebmkj} zue j |pkfepj qk}~j ne}ne dc} fenkc} ne mcfubkmjmkýb }e peakepeb j nk}~kb~c} jm~cpe} ned

}k}~efj |cdæ~kmc$ eb ~cpbc j dj beme}knjn ne dknepjoc apeb~e j }k~ujmkcbe} ne kbe}~j`kdknjn$ peadegjnj

eb }u|ue}~c} ne7 ajd~j ne pe|pe}eb~j~kqknjn |cdæ~kmj$ ed efepoep ne fcqkfkeb~c} }cmkjde} mcb jppj}~pe

mkunjnjbc mcb}knepj`de$ dj akgjmkýb ne kb}~pufeb~c} ne ―fenkmkýb‑ ne dj ―c|kbkýb |÷`dkmj‑ (|cp fenkc

ne ebmue}~j}+ { dj fk}fj |pc{emmkýb ne |ep}cbjdk}fc} |cdæ~kmc} apeb~e j au~upj} edemmkcbe}$ mcfc

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egef|dc} eqkneb~e} Bc hjmeb fê} zue mcbakoupjp mkep~c kfjokbjpkc eb ed mujd ed dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc$ }e

eb~kebne ne}ne |ep}|em~kqj} ne |pcme}c { |ep}cbj} mcb ub }kobkakmjnc c~cpojnc c mcb}~puknc

Bc e} febcp eb~cbme} jakpfjp zue7 ―Jd j}kobjp }kobkakmjnc} j dc} dænepe}$ dc} e}|em~jncpe}

neakbeb }u} |pc|kj} |c}~upj} |cdæ~kmj} Jd fk}fc ~kef|c$ dj mpeebmkj eb ed dknepjoc mj~jdkj djmcbacpfknjn { dj c`enkebmkj Ub ~ëpfkbc zue exmk~j dj kfjokbjmkýb ne opjbne} mjb~knjne} ne

|ep}cbj} { ~jf`këb j{unj j cpojbkjpdj} { nk}mk|dkbjpdj} eb ub kb}~pufeb~c |cdæ~kmc |c~eb~e$ jubzue

ne mcb}emuebmkj} kb}eoupj}"‑ (Enedfjb$ :;;:$ |êo >?+ Dj mcb}~pummkýb ne }kobkakmjnc} |cdæ~kmc} {

}cmkjde} eb dj jm~ujdknjn bc e} ubj mue}~kýb febcp$ eb e}|emkjd mujbnc hjmefc} peaepebmkj j dj

mcbakoupjmkýb ne pejdknjne} |cdæ~kmj}$ eb ~cpbc j ub }k}~efj mcfc ed nefcmpê~kmc E}~c dc nemkfc}$

eb pedjmkýb nkpem~j j dj mcb}~pummkýb ne dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc j |jp~kp ne kb}~jbmkj kb}~k~umkcbjd c ex~pj&

kb}~k~umkcbjd$ eb e}|emkjd `jgc dj |ep}|em~kqj jm~ujd ned knejd ne pe|pe}eb~jmkýb { }u} qkp~une}

j}cmkjnj}

 Jpebn~ { ]mhfk~~ ³\ueneb j|cp~jpbc}3 Jf`c} ju~cpe} pe|pe}eb~jb nc} mdjpj} qk}kcbe} ne

nefcmpjmkj zue bc }e kb}mpk`eb neb~pc ne dj |ep}|em~kqj ne ―nefcmpjmkj dk`epjd‑$ mue}~kýb zue {j

bc} |epfk~e pe}|cbnep Eb }eoubnj kb}~jbmkj$ jf`c} ju~cpe} peadegjb nc} mcbme|mkcbe} ne |cnep {

|cp ~jb~c nc} }kobkakmjmkcbe} ned ―dknepjwoc |cdæ~kmc‑" Apeb~e j dc }koukeb~e hefc} ne |pc|cbep mcfc

hk|ý~e}k}7 — Dj mcbakoupjmkýb ned dknepjwoc |cdæ~kmc ne}ne ]mhfk~~ { Jpebn~$ |jpj dj |pcaubnkwjmkýb ne

dj nefcmpjmkj eb dj jm~ujdknjn‖" \jpj dj mcbakoupjmkýb ne dc} edefeb~c} zue bc} |epfk~jb jmepmjpbc}

j bue}~pc jbêdk}k} { ne}jppcddc$ ef|pebnepefc} dj ef|pe}j ne `u}mjp dj} neakbkmkcbe} eb ~cpbc j dj

nefcmpjmkj zue bc} eb~peojb ju~cpe} mcb~ef|cpêbec} mcfc dc }epæjb Pc`ep~ Njhd$ Ajpeen Wjijpkj

{ ]jfued Hub~kbo~cb$ zue pe|pe}eb~jpæjb dj qk}kýb dk`epjd ne dj nefcmpjmkj Eb eddc} `u}mjpefc} eb

dj mpæ~kmj jd dk`epjdk}fc eb dj |pc|ue}~j ne Jpebn~ { ]mhfk~~ ubj |c}k`kdknjn ne mcbacpfjp c j|cp~jp 

edefeb~c} }kobkakmj~kqc}$ j dj acpfj ne eb~ebnep ed dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc mcfc ub kb}~pufeb~c ne

|pcaubnkjmkýb ne dj nefcmpjmkj

\jpj ed c`ge~kqc |pc|ue}~c$ eb |pkfep fcfeb~c ~cfjpefc} dj} neakbkmkcbe}―|pcmenkfeb~jde}‑ zue `u}mjb mcbacpfjp dj} qkp~une} ne dj nefcmpjmkj dk`epjd$ |jpj dueoc kneb~kakmjp 

dc} edefeb~c} |pc|kc} ne dc} ju~cpe} ~pj`jgjnc}$ kneb~kakmjbnc dj} neakbkmkcbe} c jmepmjfkeb~c} j dj

akoupj ned ―dænep |cdæ~kmc‑ { ―nefcmpjmkj‑$ dc} mujde} bc} eb~peojpêb mpeefc} edefeb~c} nk}æfkde}$

|epc mpæ~kmc} J |jp~kp ne e}~c}$ |pe~ebnefc} eb~cbme} nepkqjp eb dj mcb~pk`umkýb zue e}~c} ju~cpe}

eb~peojb j ubj |pcaubnkjmkýb nefcmpê~kmj$ j |jp~kp ne dj} mjpebmkj} zue c~cpoj dj} |c}kmkcbe} {

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neakbkmkcbe} ne dj nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj Mpeefc} |cp ~jb~c zue |cnpefc} pe}|cbnep j bue}~pj

|pc|ue}~j ne hk|ý~e}k}

Ne}jppcddc

Dj nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj

\jpj |cnep |pemk}jp dj} neakbkmkcbe} zue bc} |epfk~jb eb~ebnep dj nefcmpjmkj

pe|pe}eb~j~kqj$ ebmcb~pjpefc} ~pe} ju~cpe} zue mpeefc} j|cp~jb bc }ýdc |cp }u j}kobjmkýb

|pcmenkfeb~jd$ }kbc zue ~jf`këb |cp dj} j~pk`umkcbe} ne qkp~une} jd fcnedc ne nefcmpjmkj

pe|pe}eb~j~kqj ne ~k|c ―dk`epjd‑" 

\jpj ]jfued Hub~kbo~cb dj neakbkmkýb ne nefcmpjmkj }upoe eb ed mcb~ex~c |c}~epkcp j dj

}eoubnj oueppj fubnkjd$ jd febc} eb }u mcbme|mkýb fcnepbj { |cp dc mujd$ bc exk}~e ub jakpfj~kqc

mj~eoýpkmc ne zuë eb~ebnep |cp nefcmpjmkj Mue}~kýb zue }e ex|dkmj |cp ub mcb~ex~c eb ed mujd

exk}~eb { |pcdkaepjb dj} ddjfjnj} Nefcmpjmkj} pejde}$ `jgc dj ýp`k~j }cqkë~kmj9 dc} kb~eb~c} ne

peqcdumkýb `jgc dj |ep}|em~kqj ne dumhj ne mdj}e} eb Dj~kbcjfëpkmj { dj nefcmpjmkj mcfc knejd

knecdýokmc zue }u}~eb~jpæj ed `dczue dknepjnc |cp EEUU Hub~kbo~cb$ bc }ýdc hj ne jpoôkp eb ubj

}epke ne qkp~une} jmc|djnj} j dc} |jæ}e} nefcmpê~kmc}$ eb mcf|jpjmkýb ned bc& nefcmpê~kmc$ }kbc

zue ~jf`këb fjpmj ubj nk}~jbmkj j dc} fcnedc} ne nefcmpjmkj zue e}mj|eb j7 ―Bc c`}~jb~e$ eb dj}

}cmkenjne} nefcmpê~kmj} bc cmuppeb opjbne} peqcdumkcbe} { ë}~j}$ j }u qe$ bc |pcnumeb dj

nefcmpjmkj Ed }kobkakmjnc |cdæ~kmc fê} kf|cp~jb~e ne dj nefcmpjmkj e} dj mj|jmknjn zue |c}eeb }u}

kb}~k~umkcbe} |jpj |pc~eoep dc} nepemhc} { dk`ep~jne} ne dc} mkunjnjbc}"‑ (Hub~kbo~cb$ :;81+

  Jd jmepmjfkeb~c mk~jnc$ |cnefc} nemkp zue bc }ýdc }e peadegj ub deojnc ne qk}kcbe} ~jb

pedeqjb~e} mcfc dj} ne ]huf|e~ep$ |cp dc mujd ub jmepmjfkeb~c nkpem~c mcb dj} qk}kcbe} ne dj

nefcmpjmkj dk`epjd$ eb ncbne exk}~e ub qjdcp pedeqjb~e jd egepmkmkc ned qc~c$ acpfj} ne mjf`kc

opjnujd$ mcb~pcd dkfk~jnc ne dj emcbcfæj { dj ojpjb~æj ne dk`ep~jne} kbnkqknujde} (Hub~kbo~cb$ :;81$

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|êo :1+ ]kebnc dc} }k}~efj} ~c~jdk~jpkc} { ju~cpk~jpkc} nc} fcnedc} nk}æfkde}$ |cp ~jb~c nemdjpjbnc {

neakbkebnc ubj |c}~upj mdjpj zue }epê dj zue ~pkubajpê ne}|uë} ne dj mjænj ned |pc{em~c }cmkjdk}~j

Bue}~pc }eoubnc ju~cp$ }epê Pc`ep~ Njhd$ eb e}~e |cdk~ýdcoc ne }ufj pedeqjbmkj$

ebmcb~pjfc} eb |pkfep duojp dj qk}kýb |e}kfk}~j eb mujb~c dc kbjdmjbwj`de ne dj ―nefcmpjmkj‑ { edpemcbcmkfkeb~c ne dc} }k}~efj} jm~ujde} mcfc ―|cdkjpzuæj}‑ Dj neakbkmkýb ne mj~eocpæj} j |jp~kp ne

|jæ}e} bc&nefcmpê~kmc}$ eb ~pjb}kmkýb (kb}~k~umkcbjdkjmkýb+ { mcb}cdknjnc}$ bc} ddeqj j mcb}knepjp }u

neakbkmkýb j |jp~kp ne }u ÷d~kfc ―e}~jnc‑" Ne e}~j fjbepj }cb mkbmc dj} mjpjm~epæ}~kmj} zue |cnefc}

ebmcb~pjp eb ed oc`kepbc |jpj kneb~kakmjpdc mcfc nefcmpê~kmc$ j}æ7 & \jp~kmk|jmkýb eaem~kqj$ koujdnjn

ne qc~c}$ mcf|peb}kýb kdu}~pjnj$ mcb~pcd ne joebnj e kbmdu}kýb ne dc} jnud~c} (Nhjd$ :;;;+ Apeb~e j

dj |peoub~j ne ³\cp zuë dj nefcmpjmkj3$ e}~e eb }u |pkfepj |pefk}j kbnkmj zue e}~e }k}~efj$ j{unj

j eqk~jp oc`kepbc} ne ju~ýmpj~j} mpuede} { ne|pjqjnc} (Nhjd$ :;;;+ Edefeb~c bc febcp eb mujb~c j

dj ̀ ÷}zuenj ne dj pedjmkýb dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc { nefcmpjmkj zue bc} hefc} |pc|ue}~c

Bue}~pc ~epmep ju~cp pedeqjb~e$ e} Ajpeen Wjijpkj$ ub |cdk~ýdcoc pemkeb~e eb pedjmkýb j dc}

egef|dc} jb~epkcpe}$ |epc zue pe|pe}eb~jb j |jp~kp ne }u mj~jdcojmkýb ne ―nefcmpjmkj} kdk`epjde}‑ j

dj} nefcmpjmkj} zue bc pe}|cbneb j ub |pc{em~c mcb}~k~umkcbjd dk`epjd Ubj mdjpkakmjmkýb knecdýokmj

pedeqjb~e$ |jpj ubkakmjp dj} nebcfkbjmkcbe} ne nefcmpjmkj dk`epjd { nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj

Wjijpkj neakbe j dj nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj$ mcfc7 ―Nefcmpjm{ hj} fejb~ dk`epjd nefcmpjm{S j

|cdk~kmjd }{}~ef fjpien bc~ cbd{ `{ apee jbn ajkp edem~kcb}$ `u~ jd}c `{ ~he pude ca djw$ j }e|jpj~kcb ca 

|cwep}$ jbn |pc|ep~{ Kb ajm~$ ~hk} dj~ep `ubnde ca apeencf}S whj~ fkoh~ `e ~epfen mcb}~k~u~kcbjd

dk`epjdk}f""‑ (Wjijpkj$ :;;?+ Dj pedjmkýb eb~pe dc} ~pe} ju~cpe}$ nkme pedjmkýb nkpem~j mcb bue}~pc

kb~epë} ne mcbacpfjp ubj dæbej ~eýpkmj mdjpj eb ~cpbc j |eb}jncpe} mdjqe}$ |jpj mcf|pebnep mcfc

}e eb~kebne dj nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj eb dj jm~ujdknjn$ c fegcp nkmhc mcb ~cnc }u mcb~ebknc7

―Nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj dk`epjd‑" Ubj mcb}~pummkýb hk}~ýpkmj j |jp~kp ned }kodc XX { zue eb bue}~pc

}kodc XXK$ |jpj dj} }cmkenjne} mcf|degj} bc }ýdc hj ne ebapeb~jp ub ne}jaæc$ }kbc zue ~jf`këb

fjb~kebeb dj pedeqjbmkj ne dj} kb}~k~umkcbe} pe|pe}eb~j~kqj}$ j}cmkjnj} j dc} dknepjoc} { dj aubmkýb

zue e}~c} |ueneb j|cp~jp jd knejd ne pe|pe}eb~jmkýb `jgc ed fjpmjnc |e}c kb}~k~umkcbjd Ne e}~j

acpfj |cnefc} kbnkmjp zue ed dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc }e eb~kebne mcfc 7 ―ed dknepjwoc nefcmpê~kmc e} ed

jp~e ne acfeb~jp { jnfkbk}~pjp dj kbbcqjmkýb jd }epqkmkc ne ubj mcfubknjn dk`pe‑ (]mhede}kboep$ |êo

00+ Mcfubknjn j dj mujd `u}mj pe|pe}eb~jp

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]kb ef`jpoc dc} }u|ue}~c} jb~epkcpe} }u|cbeb ubj auep~e kb}~k~umkcbjdkjmkýb$ |cp dj mujd

dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc }e eb~kebne mcfc |pcnum~c ne ub |pcme}c Mujbnc bc} peaepkfc} j mpk}k} ne

pe|pe}eb~j~kqj}$ bc} ebapeb~jfc} j ubj pejdknjn |cp dj mujd7 ―^jb~c eb dj} nefcmpjmkj} mcb}cdknjnj}

mcfc eb dj} bc mcb}cdknjnj} c kbe}~j`de}$ ~jf`këb hj{ ub jmuepnc mcb}knepj`de }c`pe dc} |jp~knc}

|cdæ~kmc} mcfc e}ebmkjde} |jpj ed aubmkcbjfkeb~c ne dj nefcmpjmkj ]kb ef`jpoc$ jd fk}fc ~kef|c$

eb opjb |jp~e ne dc} }k}~efj} nefcmpê~kmc} dj c|kbkýb |÷`dkmj e}~ê mjpjm~epkjnj |cp ubj

kb}j~k}ajmmkýb |ebe~pjb~e mcb$ { mcb ne}mcbakjbj eb$ dc} |jp~knc} |cdæ~kmc}‑ (Pkmhjpn Oub~hep$ 0<<0+

Dc} fk}fc} zue ne`ke}eb }c|cp~jp dj kfjoeb ne dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc zue mcb}~pu{e dj mcfubknjn

Apeb~e j e}~e e}mebjpkc$ hefc} ne }ufepokpbc} eb Hjbbjh Jpebn~ { ]mhfk~~$ |ue} }k `keb

pe}|cbneb j pejdknjn hk}~ýpkmj nk}æfkde} j bue}~pj pejdknjn$ }u} mpæ~kmj} jd dk`epjdk}fc { dj qk}kýb ne

dænep |cdæ~kmc eb dj nefcmpjmkj$ |jpemkepjb pe}|cbnep j ubj pejdknjn eb ncbne dj} neakbkmkcbe} jb~e}

qk}~j}$ jd e}~jp mkfeb~jnj} eb dj }cdkne} kb}~k~umkcbjd$ bc |jpemkepjb eb~peojp pe}|ue}~j} mcfc }k dc

|ueneb hjmep e}~j} nc} |c}~upj} ex~epbj} j ubj mpk}k} zue mpeefc}$ pe|pe}eb~j ubj mpk}k} j dj

fk}fj ~ecpæj { bc }ýdc j ubj mj~eocpkjmkýb ne peoæfebe} fê} c febc} nefcmpê~kmc} j |jp~kp ne

mkep~c} j`}cdu~c}$ zue |ueneb |cbep}e eb nunj$ |cp |pcmenkfeb~jde} { ne}qjdknc} ne pe}|ue}~j} j

nefjbnj} jm~ujde} jd }k}~efj |cdæ~kmc

 Jpebn~ { ]mhfk~~$ mpæ~kmj} jd dk`epjdk}fc

Ed |eb}jfkeb~c ne Jpebn~ eb mujb~c j dj |cdæ~kmj$ e} ne }ufj pedeqjbmkj eb ~jb~c$ }e

|pe}eb~j mcfc ub mpæ~kmj dj mcbme|mkýb fcnepbj { }u pedjmkýb e}~jnc&|cdæ~kmj$ eb eddj ―fkeb~pj} fê}

mcepmk~kqj} }ejb dj} mcbme|mkcbe} zue }e ~kebeb ned e}~jnc { ned oc`kepbc fê} }e jdegjb ne dj

|cdæ~kmj‑ (Cpc$ 0<::+ Dc zue bc} |uene ddeqjp j dj exk}~ebmkj ne e}~jnc} { oc`kepbc} jb~k&|cdæ~kmc}

Dc} }u|ue}~c} akdc}ýakmc} eb ~cpbc j dj |cdæ~kmj bc mcfc bj~upjd jd hcf`pe$ }kbc mcfc eb~pe dc}

hcf`pe}$ j}æ mcfc dj mpejmkýb ne ubj Hufjbknjn$ j |jp~kp ne dj mpejmkýb ne e}~e hcf`pe j kfjoeb

ne Nkc} }cdk~jpkc eb~pe c~pc}$ de ddeqj j mcb}knepjp zue 7 ―dj |cdæ~kmj cpojbkj ne jb~efjbc j dc}

j`}cdu~jfeb~e nkqep}c} eb mcb}knepjmkýb j ubj koujdnjn pedj~kqj { |jpj nkaepebmkjpdc} ne dc}pedj~kqjfeb~e nkqep}c}‑ (Aepfjbnck}$ 0<<1$ |êo 08=+ Ed pemhjc j dj j|pc|kjmkýb pjmkcbjd ne dj

pejdknjn$ de |epfk~e j Jpebn~ acpfudjp ubj mcbme|mkýb |cdæ~kmj eb dj nefcmpjmkj$ eb ncbne ed e}|jmkc

|÷`dkmc ~cfj ubj pedeqjbmkj mj}k ezuk|jpj`de j dj kb}~k~umkcbjdknjn nefcmpê~kmj$ eb ed mj}c ne dj

nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj J nkaepebmkj ne dj mcbme|mkýb |cp dj mujd7 ―dc |cdæ~kmc bc dc e}$ |ue}~c zue

}ýdc ef|kej ncbne jmj`j ed pekbc ne dj} beme}knjne} fj~epkjde} { dj qkcdebmkj aæ}kmj ^jb |cmc hj

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exk}~knc }kef|pe { |cp nczukep dc |cdæ~kmc mcfc ~jd zue$ ne}ne ub |ub~c ne qk}~j hk}~ýpkmc$ }cdjfeb~e

ubj} |cmj} opjbne} ë|cmj} dc hjb mcbcmknc { hemhc pejdknjn"‑ (Jpebn~$ Zuë e} dj |cdæ~kmj3$ :;;?$

|êo ?:+

Ed e}|jmkc |÷`dkmc { ed |pkbmk|kc ne nkqep}knjn }cb fê} |pcaubnc} zue dj nefcmpjmkj ne

fj}j}$ { dc |cdæ~kmc e} eb mujb~c akbe}$ fenkc} { fe~j} }e mcf|cbeb ne e}~j kb~epjmmkýb eb~pe dc}

hcf`pe} Dj nefcmpjmkj |jpj Jpebn~ |cp ~jb~c$ e} ubj mcb}~pummkýb bjppj~kqj$ eb ~jb~c dc} jm~cpe}$ c

}ej dc} hcf`pe} dj mcb}~pu{eb { bc }e ne`e j ubj e}~pum~upj ne |cnep e kbmdu}c ne qkcdebmkj mcfc dc

}epæj ed E}~jnc Dj nefcmpjmkj }k `keb pe}|cbne j ub fcnedc knejdkjnc ne dj |cdk} opkeoj jb~kouj$

|cnefc} nemkp zue }e |pe}eb~j mcfc ubj pejdknjn j mpejp j |jp~kp$ ne dj} pedjmkcbe} ne mcc|epjmkýb

eb~pe dj nkqep}knjn$ oebukbjfeb~e |cdæ~kmj}

Ne}ne dj qk}kýb |cdæ~kmj ne Jpebn~ ed |pegukmkc j dj |cdæ~kmj$ pe}|cbne j ubj neakbkmkýb zue e}

|pcnum~c ne ubj c`ge~kqjmkýb ne dj |cdæ~kmj$ eb ncbne }e ne|c}k~j }u exk}~ebmkj eb ed mj}c ne dj

nefcmpjmkj ne fj}j}$ eb ubj kb}~k~umkcbjdknjn zue cfk~e dj nkqep}knjn { ed e}|jmkc |÷`dkmc |eb}jnc

mcfc knejd Jhcpj `keb$ e}~c} edefeb~c} bc }cb febcpe} eb mujb~c dj kb}~k~um kcbjdknjn nefcmpê~kmj

]k hj`djfc} ne ubj mpk}k} ned knejd ne |pe}eb~jmkýb$ e}~jfc} apeb~e j ub e}mebjpkc |cp ed mujd 7 ―~jd

mcfc hj`æj }umenknc eb c~pc} fcfeb~c} ne mpk}k} { mjf`kc |cdæ~kmc$ j fenknj zue dj} |pjm~kmj}$

qæbmudc} { mpeebmkj} zue mcb}~k~u{eb dj qknj nefcmpê~kmj ne}`cpnjb dc} e}~pemhc} fjpmc} ne dj}

acpfj} pe|pe}eb~j~kqj} e}~j`demknj}$ pe}upgjb dc} qkegc} { bubmj joc~jnc} ne`j~e} zue mcb~pj|cbeb

dj pe|pe}eb~jmkýb j dj nefcmpjmkj$ dj |jp~kmk|jmkýb { dj nedk`epjmkýb"‑ (Bcqjpc$ 0<<<$ |êo >+ Jzuæ

j|jpeme dj bcmkýb ne ―dænep |cdæ~kmc‑ zue eb ed mj}c ne Jpebn~ `u}mjpefc} eb~ebnep ne}ne e}~j

|ep}|em~kqj hcpkcb~jd ne mcfubkmjmkýb |cdæ~kmj { |cp dj mujd$ bc} |epfk~e j`pkp ubj `pemhj neb~pc ne

ub knejd ne pe|pe}eb~jmkýb eb nunj { ddebj ne bueqc} ne}jaæc}$ eb ncbne j}cfj dj |c}k`kdknjn ne

pemcbakoupjmkýb ned dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc$ mcfc ub }kobc ne ~pjb}acpfjmkýb eb dj `÷}zuenj ne |eb}jp dj

|cdæ~kmj { mcfc }e mcb}~pu{e dj fk}fj

Ed |eb}jfkeb~c ne ]mhfk~~ oujpnj ub j|cp~e }u}~jb~kqc eb ~jb~c$ eb dj `÷}zuenj ne dj

neakbkmkýb ne dj |cdæ~kmj$ }e ebapeb~j j c~pj ~pjnkmkýb ned |eb}jfkeb~c cmmkneb~jd eb mujb~c jd e}~jnc

dk`epjd Bc} peaepkfc} j eddc j dj mcbme|mkýb ne e}~jnc fæbkfc$ ―|jpj nkmhj ncm~pkbj dj akbjdknjn ne

dj} bcpfj} gupænkmj} e} |pe}mpk`kp ed mcf|cp~jfkeb~c ne dj} kb}~k~umkcbe} { nedkfk~jp }u} ajmud~jne}

 J}æ$ dj jmmkýb ou`epbjfeb~jd zuenj }u`cpnkbjnj jd nepemhc‑ (Cpc$ 0<::+ ]k mcb~pj}~jfc} dj qk}kýb

mpæ~kmj ned gupk}~j jdefêb$ mcb dj} neakbkmkcbe} ne ju~cpe} mcb~ef|cpêbec}$ }k `keb kneb~kakmjfc} fê}

zue ub mcb~pjm~ujdk}fc eb jzueddj} neakbkmkcbe}$ ebmcb~pjfc} dc} edefeb~c} zue nedkfk~jb jd e}~jnc

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eb }u} neakbkmkcbe}$ { zue mcppe}|cbnepæjb j dj mcbacpfjmkýb { j}eoupjfkeb~c ne dj} dk`ep~jne}

kbnkqknujde} ne dc} ―mkunjnjbc‑ eb mcb~pj|c}kmkýb mcb ed e}~jnc { dc |cdæ~kmc E}~c bc} ddeqj |cp ~jb~c$

j dj j}cmkjmkýb nkpem~j e ―kb~pæb}emj‑ eb~pe e}~jnc &|cdæ~kmj$ mue}~kýb nebcfkbjnj mcfc mæpmudc

kb}j~k}ajm~cpkc (]mhfk~~$ h~~|7##wwwdjenk~cpkjdqkp~ujdmcfjp$ 0<::$ |êo ;+

Ne e}~j acpfj dj mcb~pj|c}kmkýb eb ~cpbc jd E}~jnc Beu~pjd mcb~pjpkc j dj mcbme|mkýb

―fkbkfjdk}~j‑ ned dk`epjdk}fc eb mujb~c j ubj pedjmkýb e}~jnc&|cdæ~kmj { dj pe}~pkmmkýb ne dj |cdæ~kmj j dj

mcb~pj|c}kmkýb mcb emcbcfæj$ }cmkenjn$ mud~upj { pedkokýb bc hjmeb fê} zue ~pjep j bue}~pj

peaepebmkj e}e |pegukmkc zue Jpebn~ nebcfkbj mcfc dj |cdæ~kmj kb~epkcp Ed e}~jnc ~c~jd$ eb ncbne

j`ubnjb dj} |c}k`kdknjne}$ }eo÷b ]mhfk~~7 ―Ed E}~jnc ~c~jd }u}~eb~jncp ne dj kneb~knjn ne E}~jnc {

}cmkenjn „ ub E}~jnc zue bc }e ne}kb~epe}j |cp bkbo÷b pu`pc { zue |c~ebmkjdfeb~e j`jpmj j ~cnc}

dc} pu`pc} „ j|jpeme mcfc mcb~pj&mcbme|~c |cdëfkmc$ c|ue}~c j e}~j} beu~pjdkjmkcbe} {

ne}|cdk~kjmkcbe} ne kf|cp~jb~e} pu`pc} Eb ëd$ |cp mcb}koukeb~e$ ~cnc e} |cdæ~kmc"‑ (]mhfk~~$

h~~|7##wwwdjenk~cpkjdqkp~ujdmcfjp$ 0<::$ |êo :<+

]k |jpj ]mhfk~~ dj} auepj} ne dj nefcmpjmkj }cb mcf|de~jfeb~e j&dk`epjde}$ |cpzue

e}ebmkjdfeb~e }cb |cdæ~kmj} { bc |ueneb ~ebnep }kbc jd e}~jnc ~c~jd$ jb~e} ne}mpk~c E} mdjpc zue ed

  gupk}~j jdefêb$ bc} |epfk~e |c}kmkcbjpbc} ne}ne ubj |ep}|em~kqj }u|pj&dk`epjd ne dj |cdæ~kmj { dj

nefcmpjmkj$ mcb ubj pedjmkýb nkpem~j j bue}~pc} jmepmjfkeb~c} j mýfc eb~ebnep ubj mpk}k} ne

pe|pe}eb~j~kqknjn$ zue |cbe eb nunj ed jnge~kqc |pc|kc ne dj nefcmpjmkj dk`epjd$ zue |pencfkbj eb dj

jm~ujdknjn

]mhfk~~ eb }u jakpfjmkýb ne ub |dupkqep}c { bc ubkqep}c$ bc} mcbnume j ubj ubknjn |cdæ~kmj$

eb ncbne dj |c}k`kdknjn ne neakbkp dj |cdæ~kmj eb mujb~c }e dj pedjmkýb jfkoc&ebefkoc$ |epfk~e }jdkp ne

e}~e mæpmudc neakbk~cpkc { mcb}knepjp zue dc |cdæ~kmc e}~ê jb~e} zue ed E}~jnc Eb dc |cdæ~kmc }e neakbe jd

―ebefkoc |÷`dkmc‑$ { eb e}~e dc hjpæj }eo÷b }u acpfj E}~j~jd (]mhfk~~$

h~~|7##wwwdjenk~cpkjdqkp~ujdmcfjp$ 0<::$ |êo :5+ J}æ ed E}~jnc { ed }~j~u} |cdæ~kmc ne ub |ue`dc eb

ub ~eppk~cpkc ne~epfkbjnc mcbakoupj ub e}|jmkc ne mcbapcb~jmkýb |c~ebmkjd$ eb~pe mcdem~kqknjne}$ eb

ncbne dj |pc~emmkýb { ed j~jzue ne~epfkbjb dj} akbjdknjne} apeb~e jd jufeb~c ned |cnepæc zue ~cnc}

hjb ne ̀ u}mjp

\cnefc} mcb}knepjp |cp ~jb~c$ zue ]mhfk~~ bc} eb~peoj edefeb~c} zue }e mcb~pj|cbeb jd

e}~jnc dk`epjd { zue }k `keb mcppe}|cbneb j ubj pejdknjn hk}~ýpkmj jd~jfeb~e mcbadkm~kqj$ eb ncbne ed

e}~jnc exme|mkcbjd |jpemkepj |pencfkbjp$ bc} |epfk~kpê jmepmjpbc} j mýfc eb~ebnep dj

mcbakoupjmkýb ne ub dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc$ mcb edefeb~c} zue bc }e |ueneb eb~ebnep ne}ne dj}

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neakbkmkcbe} jm~ujde} Dj} akbjdknjne} ne mcb}epqjmkýb ne dj ―ubknjn |cdæ~kmj‑ dj mujd bc |uene }ep 

ubkqep}jd (bc e} mue}~kýb febcp+$ mujbnc hj`djfc} ne ubj ne}kb~eopjmkýb ned knejd ne

―pe|pe}eb~jmkýb |cdæ~kmj‑ zue }u`{jme eb dj nefcmpjmkj jm~ujd$ c jd febc}$ ne ub mjf`kc ne

mccpnebjnj} |jpj dj mcf|peb}kýb ne e}j akbjdknjn ÷d~kfj |pc|ue}~j |cp fenkc ne e}~e e}~jnc

fæbkfc { }u pedjmkýb mcb ―dc |cdæ~kmc‑" 

Dknepjwoc |cdæ~kmc mcfc pe}|ue}~j

Hj`kebnc mcbme`knc dc} edefeb~c} aubnjfeb~jde} ne jf`c} ju~cpe}$ eb mujb~c j

neakbkmkcbe} mdjqe} |jpj }u mcf|peb}kýb$ |cnefc} kbnkmjp zue j |pkfepj qk}~j pe}ud~j fê} eqkneb~e

ed ―dknepjwoc |cdæ~kmc‑ eb dj ~ecpæj |cdæ~kmj ne ]mhfk~~ { }u qep~kmjdknjn$ j nkaepebmkj ne dj

hcpkcb~jdknjn |cdæ~kmj zue |pc|cbe Jpebn~$ }kb ef`jpoc$ bc pe}ud~j febcp zue ed fubnc }e mcbmk`j

―eb~pe dc} hcf`pe}‑ { e}~e qjdcp ne |dupjdknjn e kbnkqknujdknjn neb~pc ned e}|jmkc |÷`dkmc$ ~eboj

pedjmkýb nkpem~j mcb ubj nefcmpjmkj { ubj mcbme|mkýb$ fê} jf|dkj zue dj |pcmenkfeb~jd Eb Jpebn~

dj pedeqjbmkj |cp ~jb~c ned wccb |cdk~kicb { gub~c j e}~e ne wýcb dcocb eihcb $ pjnkmj eb mujb~c dj

|cdk} opkeoj mcbacpfý ub fcfeb~c hk}~ýpkmc eb ncbne }e qkqký dc |cdæ~kmc$ eb ncbne jzued zue e}~ê

auepj ne e}~e e}|jmkc e} ub7 ―jbeu dcocu$ ne}|pcqk}~c$ mdjpc e}~ê$ bc ne dj ajmud~jn ne nk}mup}c$ }kbc

ne ubj acpfj ne qknj eb dj zue ed nk}mup}c { }ýdc ë}~e ~ebæj }eb~knc { ncbne dj |pecmu|jmkýb |pkfepj

ne dc} mkunjnjbc} epj hj`djp eb~pe eddc}"‑ (Jpebn~$ Dj mcbnkmkýb hufjbj$ 0<<;$ |êo >:+

Apeb~e j eddc$ ed dænep |cdæ~kmc }e |uene eb~ebnep mcfc ―ubc eb~pe |jpe}‑ neb~pc ne e}e

e}|jmkc ne dc |cdæ~kmc$ ne}|pcqk}~c ne kb}~pufeb~c} ne qkcdebmkj { |cp ~jb~c mcfc |pcnum~c bc

pe|pe}eb~j~kqc }cdjfeb~e$ }kbc zue mcfc ub |pcme}c efjbjnc ned e}|jmkc |÷`dkmc$ neb~pc ne dj

―mcfubknjn |cdæ~kmj‑" E}~c bc} ddeqj }kb duojp j nunj} j ubj mcb~pj|c}kmkýb ned e}~unkc ned dknepjwoc

|cdæ~kmc eb ncbne ―e}~unkjbnc j pemcbcmknc} dænepe} ne ~cnc ed fubnc$ }e |pcmupj kneb~kakmjp e}~c}

pj}oc}$ `keb bj~upjde} c kbhepeb~e} ne dj |ep}cbjdknjn$ |jpj nk}~kboukp mcb fepknkjbj bk~kne j

zukebe} }cb dænepe} eakmjme} mcb pe}|em~c jd mcf÷b ne dc} mkunjnjbc}"‑ (Nedojnc$ 0<<>$ |êo ;+ Ed

dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc bc }e fenkpæj ne}ne ubj eakmjmkj eb mujb~c j ubj jmmkýb ne~epfkbjnj mcfc akb c

mcfc kb}~pufeb~jdkjmkýb ne ub j|jpj~c e}~j~jd c ne oc`kepbc$ }kbc zue pe}|cbnepæj j dj fk}fj

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mj|jmknjn ne dj mcfubknjn$ ne mcbacpfjp jzueddj} kb}~k~umkcbe} { |pcmenkfkeb~c} zue j}eoupeb dj

|epqkqebmkj ne dc |cdæ~kmc$ |cp fenkc ne dj jmmkýb { ed nk}mup}c efjbjnc} ne ub e}|jmkc eb ncbne

~cnc} }e eb~kebneb mcfc eb~pe Ed oc`epbjb~e mcfc }uge~c |cdæ~kmc ―|cnepc}c‑$ jk}djnc ne dc} c~pc}$

eb~ebnknc mcfc |pkbmk|kjb~e c ouæj$ bc eb~pj neb~pc ne dj neakbkmkýb ne dc |cdæ~kmc ne Jpebn~ (Jpebn~$

Dj mcbnkmkýb hufjbj$ 0<<;$ |êo 0:=+$ dc mujd bc} |epfk~e jmepmjpbc} j dj beme}knjn ne zue eb ubj

nefcmpjmkj$ }e jdmjbme e}j pedjmkýb |cdæ~kmj |cp fenkc$ ne ub dknepjoc efjbjnc ne dj mcfubknjn

jb~e} ne}mpk~j" Eb ncbne ed ―pe|pe}eb~jb~e‑ ddeqjnc j bue}~pj qk}kýb jm~ujd$ pe}|cbnj j ubj

mcfubknjn$ |cp dj mujd e}~e bc e} jgebc$ }cdk~jpkc c ebfjpmjnc neb~pc ne ubj kb}~k~umkcbjdknjn {

j|jpj~c ̀ upcmpê~kmc zue ~epfkbj |cp }e|ud~jp }u e}|jmkc mcf÷b mcb dc} c~pc}

Eb ]mhfk~~ dj pe|pe}eb~jmkýb bc e} ~jd { ed dænep |cdæ~kmc$ }e qe eb }eb~knc mj}k }jmpc$ }k }e

bc} |epfk~e Eb dj `÷}zuenj bc febcp ne mcbacpfjp ed E}~jnc ^c~jd$ |cp ed mujd dj kb}~k~umkcbjdknjn

dk`epjd neakmkeb~e { penumknj ne dc |cdæ~kmc zuenj c`}cde~j Dj pedjmkýb E}~jnc& ]cmkenjn& nefcmpjmkj$

bc qkebe }kbc j jf|dkjpbc} dj mcbme|mkýb ne dc |cdæ~kmc$ }kbc zue ~jf`këb j |djb~ejpbc} zue e}

kf|c}k`de fkbkfkjp ed e}~jnc { e}|epjp zue ed }k}~efj |cdæ~kmc$ |uenj }c|cp~jp dc} ef`j~e} ne ub

pezuepkfkeb~c nebcfkbjnc ―pe|pe}eb~jmkýb‑ zue e} ne}`cpnjnc$ |cp dj} auepwj} }cmkjde}$

emcbýfkmj} { mud~upjde}$ j dj} mujde} |cnpæjfc} nebcfkbjp hk}~ýpkmj}$ eb ~cpbc j dj pejdknjn |cdæ~kmj

Ed dknepjoc |cp ~jb~c }k `keb pe}|cbne j ub |jpjnkofj nk}æfkd ne dj |ep}|em~kqj ne Jpebn~ ]e bc}

|epfk~e mcf|pebnep ne zuë acpfj ed }k}~efj |cdæ~kmc |uene pe}|cbnep j dj} auepj} nefcmpê~kmj}

fud~kacpfe}$ zue bc }cb ex|dkmjnj} ne}ne ed fcnedc dk`epjd Dj |ep}|em~kqj ne dj ubknjn |cdæ~kmj$ j

nkaepebmkj ne dj mcfubknjn$ e} }kobkakmj~kqj eb ~jb~c ed dænep |cdæ~kmc pe}|cbne j dj fêxkfj

nefc}~pjmkýb ne qcdub~jn |c|udjp$ c }ej dj jmmdjfj~kc$ ―dj jmdjfjmkýb j`}cdu~jfeb~e j|pc`j~cpkj

ned dænep$ {j zue mcfc ed }c`epjbc e} zukeb oc`kepbj { }kfud~êbejfeb~e zukeb e} oc`epbjnc$ dj

ezukqjdebmkj kneb~k~jpkj eb~pe ed nkpkoeb~e { dj |c`djmkýb e} ~c~jd‑ (Ddkqk~i{$ 0<::$ |êo 0+ Neb~pc ne

ubj qcdub~jn hcfcoëbej ne dj ubknjn

Mcb}knepjmkcbe} akbjde}

Dc} j|cp~e} ne Jpebn~ pjnkmjb eb dj mcbme|mkýb |cdæ~kmj nefcmpê~kmj$ eb ncbne ed dknepjoc

|cdæ~kmc mcf|pebnknc neb~pc ne dj mcfubknjn { bc ex~pj eddj$ |epfk~e gub~c mcb dj mcbme|mkýb ne

|cnep |cdæ~kmc ” bc |cp dj j|pc|kjmkýb ne ub femjbk}fc ne fcbc|cdkjmkýb ne dj qkcdebmkj \epfk~eb

bc }ýdc |djb~ejpbc} apeb~e ub e}mebjpkc ne ebpkzuemkfkeb~c ne dj nefcmpjmkj { ed e}|jmkc |÷`dkmc$

eb~ebnknc mcfc qk~jd bc }ýdc j bkqed pedjmkcbjd Mue}~kýb {j }j`knj { qjdcpjnj$ }kbc zue eb mujb~c jd

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dknepjoc mcfc ubj mcb}~pummkýb ne ub pedj~c mcdem~kqc$ bc} |epfk~e pe}|cbnep zue apeb~e j ubj

mpk}k} ne pe|pe}eb~j~kqknjn eb~ebnknj mcfc mpk}k} ne dj nefcmpjmkj dk`epjd$ dj mcbacpfjmkýb ne ubj

bueqj kb}~k~umkcbjdknjn }e fc}~pjpê |cp dj mcbacpfjmkýb ne dj pemcbakoupjmkýb ne ub bueqc dknepjoc

|cdæ~kmc efjbjnc ne ub e}|jmkc oebukbjfeb~e |cdæ~kmc

]mhfk~~ |jpj bue}~pc} akbe} j|cp~j bc }ýdc dc} edefeb~c} ne }c`epjbæj |c|udjp zue bc}

|ueneb pefcb~jp j Pcu}}eju$ }kbc zue dj deok~kfjmkýb ned dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc |cp fenkc ne dj

―jmmdjfj~kc‑$ bc }ýdc nkme pedjmkýb mcb dj |c}k`kdknjn ne ub e}~jnc ~c~jdk~jpkc$ }kbc zue eb }u pjæ {

qep~keb~e kneb~k~jpkj$ pe}|cbne j ub ubkqep}jdk}fc zue `keb {j eb }u ~kef|c$ ]mhfk~~ dc pemcbcmký |cp 

fenkc ne dj Hufjbknjn mcfc7 "ub kb}~pufeb~c knecdýokmc e}|emkjdfeb~e ÷~kd |jpj ex|jb}kcbe}

kf|epkjdk}~j} {$ eb }u acpfj ë~kmc&hufjbk~jpkj$ ub qehæmudc e}|emæakmc ned kf|epkjdk}fc emcbýfkmc"‑ 

(]mhfk~~$ h~~|7##wwwdjenk~cpkjdqkp~ujdmcfjp$ 0<::$ |êo =:+ Kb}~pufeb~c kdu}cpkc hcfcoebkjb~e bc

ne dc |cdæ~kmc |pc|kjfeb~e ~jd$ ne}ne dj |ep}|em~kqj ne jf`c} ju~cpe}$ j÷b mujbnc }u} mcbme|mkcbe}

ne |cdæ~kmj { nefcmpjmkj pe}ud~eb c|ue}~j}$ }kb ef`jpoc dj mcf|defeb~jmkýb eb pe}|ue}~j j ubj

nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj$ jppjkojnj j neakbkmkcbe} { mcbme|mkcbe} kb}~pufeb~jde}$ ne ubj pedjmkýb

E}~jnc&|cdæ~kmc$ dkfk~jb~e apeb~e j pezuepkfkeb~c zue e}~j fk}fj hj mcbakoupjnc

Bc e} febcp zue ed dk`epjdk}fc eb dj jm~ujdknjn hj{j ebmcb~pjnc dj acpfj ne pe}cdqep 

mkep~j} mcb~pjnkmmkcbe} mcb dj nefcmpjmkj$ |cp fenkc ne ubj acpfudj exk~c}j ]kb ef`jpoc$ ed

mpemkeb~e ne}fjb~edjfkeb~c ne }u} |pkbmk|kc} `ê}kmc}$ bc} ddeqjb j mcb}knepjp jd akbjdkjp$ zue dj

mcb~pk`umkýb ne qk}kcbe} }u|pj& pe|pe}eb~jmkýb mcfc dc }epæjb Jpebn~ { ]mhfk~~ jd`epojb$ dj

pemcbakoupjmkýb ne ub dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc eb~ebnknc ne}ne dj mcfubknjn c ubknjn |cdæ~kmj { auepj ne

e}~j$ mcfc fue}~pj ne ubj |cdæ~kmj eb~pe dc} c~pc}$ mcfc e}ebmkj kbhepeb~e j dj nefcmpjmkj { j dj

qcdub~jn |cdæ~kmj ned |ue`dc c }uge~c |cdæ~kmc

 Jd akbjdkjp mpeefc} pe}|cbnep j bue}~pj hk|ý~e}k} eb ~cpbc j dj pemcbakoupjmkýb ned dknepjoc

|cdæ~kmc$ eb~ebnknc ne}ne dj pedeqjbmkj }kf`ýdkmj zue e}~e ~kebe eb dj} mcbme|mkcbe} ne dc |cdæ~kmc {

dj nefcmpjmkj Neb~pc ne ub e}mebjpkc ne ne}e}~j`kdkjmkýb ne dj} `j}e} pejde} { ~eýpkmj} ne dj

nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj { zue |cp fenkc ne ju~cpe} mcfc Jpebn~ { ]mhfk~~ ebmcb~pjfc}$

edefeb~c bc febcpe}$ }kbc pedeqjb~e} eb }u} qk}kcbe} mpæ~kmj} jd dk`epjdk}fc { dj kdu}kýb ne dj

mcb}~pummkýb ne dj nefcmpjmkj$ }ýdc ne}ne }u} akbe} zue |cnpæjfc} ddjfjp }kb ~efcp7 knecdýokmc}

zue fkbkfkjb dj pedeqjbmkj ne dj |cdæ~kmj { dj mcbnummkýb ne dj jmmkýb ne e}~j eb dj pejdknjn }cmkjd {

ed ne}jppcddc ne dc} |ue`dc}$ mcfc }uge~c} |cdæ~kmc} { mcfc mpejncpe} oebukbc} ne dc |cdæ~kmc { ne dj

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Bcqjpc$ F" (0<<<+" Pe|pe}eb~jmkýb { dknepjoc eb dj} nefcmpjmkj} mcb~ef|cpêbej}" @uebc} Jkpe}7

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]mhfk~~$ M" (:;85+" Dj nkm~jnupj" Fjnpkn7 Jdkjbj"

Wjijpkj$ A" (:;;?+" Kdk`epjd Nefcmpjm{" ^he Acpekbo Jaajkp} $ 00&>="

Æbnkme

&  Kb~pcnummkýb \êo" :& 0"

&  Ne}jppcddc \êo" =& ;"

Dj nefcmpjmkj pe|pe}eb~j~kqj \êo" =& 5"

Jpenb~ { ]mhfk~~$ mpæ~kmj jd dk`epjdk}fc \êo" 5 &?

Dknepjoc |cdæ~kmc mcfc pe}|ue}~j \êo" 8&;

&  Mcb}knepjmkcbe} Akbjde} \êo" ;&:<"

&  @k`dkcopjaæj \êo"::"

&  Æbnkme \êo":0"