EVALUATION STUDY FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT BUILDING SYSTEMS

BASED ON THE THEORIES OF VALUE ENGINEERING

دراسة تقييمية لألداء أنظمة البناء خفيفة الوزن إستناداً لنظريات هندسة القيمة

Supervision of

Prof.Dr. Hisham Sameh Dr. Sherif Nasri Kamel

Ali Bassiouny Darwish 1

2

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Research Idea

During the last couple of years, the obstacles of the traditional methods of construction have tremendously increased along with the development of the construction demand. Eighty percent of the total buildings in the developed countries have been produced in the construction factories, comparing with twenty percent of buildings that constructed on-site. Weight, quality, speed and construction cost become the major factors that affect in the architectural and civil decisions.#Ref13

(13)American Society of Civil Engineers,(2013-USA), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other

Structures

On the other hand, the construction industry becomes one of the main influencers of the international economics, therefore the reduction of construction cost and energy cost are considered as main targets that attacking the decision makers. Hence, the idea of research has been created, in order to present a solution for architects who target the maximum performance of the lightweight building solutions with a reasonable level of cost. The practical studies of research presented the benefits behind using the Value Engineering theories throughout the construction phases.

Research Backbone

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EVALUATION STUDY FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT BUILDING SYSTEMS

BASED ON THE THEORIES OF VALUE ENGINEERING

Me

tal S

he

et S

yste

ms

Research Backbone

1- Definitions &

Historical

Development

Histo

rical D

ev

elo

pm

en

t

Ge

ne

ral D

efin

ition

s

Cu

stom

-ma

de

Wa

lls

Dry

wa

ll Sy

stem

s

Cla

ssificatio

ns

2.

Types and Classifications of Prefabricated

Lightweight Building Systems.

Mo

du

lar B

uild

ing

s

Pre

cast W

alls

Litera

ture

Re

vie

w o

f

Va

lue

En

gin

ee

ring

.

Theoretical Parts

Ca

se stu

dy

1: K

idZ

an

ia.

Ca

iro F

estiv

al C

ity, C

airo

-

Eg

yp

t

Ca

se stu

dy

2: P

riva

te

Villa

, Ca

iro-E

gy

pt

Ca

se stu

dy

3: S

ea

son

al

Flig

hts T

erm

ina

l. Ca

iro-

Eg

yp

t

Ca

se stu

dy

4 E

lkh

om

s

Re

sort-Ly

bia

Targ

et o

f Ca

se S

tud

ies

Po

lysty

ren

e B

uild

ing

s

5- Conclusion

and

Recommend

ations

Co

nclu

sion

Re

com

me

nd

atio

n

Practical Parts

4.

Analysis and Evaluation of Case

Studies

3. Methodology

of

Case Studies

Ide

ntifica

tion

s of C

ase

Stu

die

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Classification of Building Construction System based on Weight criteria.

4

Prefabricated Lightweight Systems

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Drywall is a panel made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick

sheets of paper. It is used to make interior walls and ceilings. Drywall

construction became prevalent as a speedier alternative to traditional lath

and plaster. A wallboard panel is made of a paper liner wrapped around an

inner core made primarily from gypsum board.

1-Drywall

Solutions

Technical Identification

Weight Per M2 From 25 to 40 KG/m2

Off-site Factor 40% Off-site and 60% On-site preparation.

Using Types 10% Exterior Systems and 90% for internal.

Residential Using 20% in the residential buildings and 80% for non-residential

Walls Ceilings Cladding Shaft-walls

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Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Custom-made Walls lies a system of lightweight building cold-

rolled light steel frames. Called Transformer, it is unique in design

and high in strength. Custom-made Walls offers a comprehensive end

to end consultancy, manufacture and supply , covering all aspects of

the design and construction process.

2- Custom-made

Walls

Solutions

Technical Identification

Weight Per M2 From 30 to 50 KG/m2

Off-site Factor 80% Off-site and 20% On-site preparation.

Using Types 80% Exterior Systems and 20% for internal.

Residential Using 100% for non-residential.

Production Processes

6

Facad Module Final Facad

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

The Polystyrene Walls building system consists of two types of wall

panels. The first type is the single panel, which consists of a

polystyrene core with prefabricated Zinc coated steel wire mesh

reinforcement. The second type of panel is the double panel which is

Polystyrene permanent shutter for an inside poured structural

concrete core.

3- Polystyrene Walls

Solutions

Technical Identification

Weight Per M2 From 33 to 50 KG/m2

Off-site Factor 60% Off-site and 40% On-site preparation.

Using Types 80% Exterior Systems and 20% for internal.

Residential Using 80% in the residential buildings and 20% for non-residential

Wall Elements Housing Open Space Areas

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Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Metal Sheet Wall” is a broad term that encompasses several different

types of building. Technically, any home that has sections of the

structure built in a factory and then assembled on site can fall under

the “prefab” designation.

4-Metal Sheet Walls

Technical Identification

Weight Per M2 From 35 to 50 KG/m2

Off-site Factor 70% Off-site and 30% On-site preparation.

Using Types 70% Exterior Systems and 30% for internal.

Residential Using 20% in the residential buildings and 80% for non-residential

Admin Buildings Retail Buildings Single Housing

8

Solutions

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Modular construction is a process in which a building is constructed

off-site, under controlled plant conditions, using the same materials and

designing to the same codes and standards as conventionally built

facilities – but in about half the time. Buildings are produced in

“modules” that when put together on site, reflect the identical design

intent and specifications of the most sophisticated site-built facility –

without compromise.

Technical Identification

Weight Per M2 From 45 to 60 KG/m2

Off-site Factor 100% Off-site.

Using Types 50% Exterior Systems and 50% for internal.

Residential Using 50% in the residential buildings and 50% for non-residential

Re-locatable Modular Building Permanent Modular Building

5- Modular Buildings

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Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting

concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a

controlled environment, transported to the construction site and lifted

into place. In contrast, standard concrete is poured into site-specific

forms and cured on site. Precast stone is distinguished from precast

concrete by using a fine aggregate in the mixture, so the final product

approaches the appearance of naturally occurring rock or stone.

6- Precast Walls

Technical Identification

Weight Per M2 From 70 to 110 KG/m2

Off-site Factor 60% Off-site and 40% On-site preparation.

Using Types 85% Exterior Systems and 15% for internal.

Residential Using 30% in the residential buildings and 70% for non-residential

Ceiling Element Wall Elements

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Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Value Engineering technique involves an

intensive, systematic and creative study to reduce

cost while enhancing reliability and performance.

The technique is used to achieve the best

functional balance between cost, quality and

performance of a product, system or facility

Cost

Function

Quality Performance

Function

Resources Operation Technology Image

Quality Cost

• Community Value.

• Architecture Image.

• Design Analysis.

• Environment.. • Fire and Safety. • Performance.

• Operation Time. • Flexibility. • User Comfort.

• Capital Cost. • Maintenance Cost . • Running Cost.

Value Engineering Philosophy

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Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Quality Module Diagram

Since VE depends on relative

concepts, especially value and

worth, it is important to find a tool

that "assists in defining,

measuring and managing of

owner quality expectations"

Quality model is the entry point

during the planning phase for

establishing and developing the

owners' project criteria.

The quality model (QM )provides

a thorough definition of project

performance expectations required

by the owner. The approach of QM

is based on the total quality

management and consists of

managing quality expectations,

measuring quality conformance,

and managing project quality.

Determination of owner attributes for a certain project 12

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

KidZania - a land of the kids (by the kids, for the kids). KidZania Cairo offers kids a variety of fun and interesting role-playing activities in a realistic city setting. Job activities such as doctor, firefighter, chef, or flight attendant are associated with real-world brands, allowing kids to create and learn with realistic results.

Case Study 1 (KidZania). Cairo Festival City.

Project Activities Master Plan

Custom-made Wall Elements Structure Combination

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Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Quality Module Steps for Case study A (KidZania).

Image Engineering

Technology Operation Resources

14

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Image Engineering Technology

Operation Resources

Image Engineering

Technology

Operation Resources

Determination of Owner and Research Attributes for Case Study A (KidZania).

15

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

In this case study the owner was searching

for the best solution to build the extension

of his private villa. He decided to use the

solutions of the lightweight building in

order to avoid the obstacles of the

traditional way of construction.

Case Study 2 (Private Villa Extension)

Plans Structure Extension

Structure Combination Covering Solution Lightweight Solution 16

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Image Engineering

Technology

Operation

Resource

s

Image Engineering

Technology

Operation

Resource

s

17

Determination of Owner and Research Attributes for Case Study B (Private Villa Extension).

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Egyptian citizens are regularly thinking to do

HiJ and Umrah, In 2010 the management office

in Cairo airport were studying how to treat the

increasing of visitors number for Sudia Arabia.

Hence, the decision makers took the first step to

build a lightweight terminal to absorb the

seasonal number of travelers.

Case Study 3 (Seasonal Flights Terminal)

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Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Image Engineering

Technology

Operation

Resources

19

Image Engineering

Technology

Operation

Resources

Determination of owner and research attributes for Case Study C (Seasonal Flights Terminal).

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Case study 4 (Elkhoms Resort).

This study has been designed and

built by a traditional way of

construction. Elkhoms resort is a

compound, which is located in

Lybia in the west side. Elkhoms is

resort is following the theories of

the Romanic architecture.

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Villa of Silin Vaults Brick-works

Flat Slab Pavilion Structure

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Strong

Performance

Intermediate

Performance

Weak

Performance

21

Determination of owner and research attributes for Case Study D (Elkhoms Resort).

Quality Module Table for the Traditional Way of Construction

Analysis for the performance of the Traditional Way of Construction.

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

22

Suggested Performance Suggested Building Type

Suggested Lightweight Building Type

Walls Dooms Pavilion

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Common Zone

Enhanced Zone

Lessening Zone

Enhanced Zone

Lessening Zone

Enhanced Zone

Common Zone

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Quality Module for the Suggested Lightweight Building Type

Comparison Between the Traditional Solutions and Lightweight Solutions

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

24

Conclusion

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

The own weight of building material is considered as a main criteria that classifies the construction systems through heavy weight solutions or lightweight solutions, either it is a load-bearing or non-load bearing element. Hence, six lightweight building systems have been selected to be studied during the research, the average weight of systems started from 25kg/m2 for Drywall systems, 30kg/m2 for Custom-made walls, 33kg/m2 for Polystyrene walls, 35kg/m2 for Metal Sheet walls, 45kg/m2 for Modular buildings and finally 70kg/m2for the precast walls that have been developed by decreasing the own weight per meter square from 110kg/m2 to 70kg/m2.

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Conclusion

Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

Value engineering consists of some theories that help the decision makers to take the right decision that reflects in the technical performance as well as the cost performance. The main target of value engineering is keeping the projects in the best quality module that evaluates the architectural image, engineering performance, operation time and resources.

There is a deep relation between the lightweight building solutions and the industrial development. The off-site technique of construction increases the ability of using the lightweight building solutions which need an industrial aiding before starting the on-site construction.

Sound insulation, heat transfer, energy consumption, fire resistant and durability are considered as main criteria of building performance that can be accurately accounted in the lightweight building systems, comparing with the performance of the traditional method of construction that are not giving accurate performance according to the international codes and the local norms.

17- Chapter 4 Sector 2 Recommendations Recommendations for Lightweight building Using

References 04- Chapter 2 Sector 2

(Drywall)

05- Chapter 2 Sector 3

(Custom-made Walls)

06- Chapter 2 Sector 4

Polystyrene System

07- Chapter 2 Sector 5

(Prefabricated)

08- Chapter 2 Sector 6

(Modular Buildings)

09- Chapter 2 Sector 7

(Precast System)

Drywall System Custom-made System Prefabricated System Polystyrene System Modular System Precast System

Strong (4)

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) Suitable (3)

Possible (2)

Weak (1)

Zero (0)

A- Housing 10.6667 10.3333 7.0 6.16667 9.16667 10.8333

A.1- Low Income Housing 2 1 2 2 7 2 2 3 1 8 3 2 2 2 9 3 2 3 3 11 3 2 3 1 9 4 3 3 3 13

A.2- Single Family House 3 2 3 1 9 2 3 3 1 9 1 2 2 3 8 4 2 3 4 13 4 3 4 3 14 4 4 4 3 15

A.3- Villas 3 2 2 2 9 4 3 2 1 10 1 2 2 3 8 4 2 3 4 13 3 3 3 3 12 2 3 2 3 10

A.4- Apartments (5 Stories) 3 3 2 2 10 4 2 1 2 9 1 1 2 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 12 2 3 3 2 10

A.5- Apartments (11 Stories ) 4 4 3 4 15 4 3 2 2 11 1 1 2 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 1 8 3 3 2 2 10

A.5- Apartments (Towers) 4 3 4 3 14 4 3 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 7

B- Office Buildings 13.6667 13.3333 7.3 3 9.66667 10.6667

B.1- Double Stories 3 3 3 2 11 3 3 3 1 10 2 2 1 2 7 3 2 2 2 9 4 3 3 2 12 3 3 3 1 10

B.2- High Rise 3 4 4 3 14 4 4 4 4 16 2 2 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 2 9 3 3 2 2 10

B.3- Mega Scale (Horizontal) 4 4 4 4 16 4 4 2 4 14 2 2 2 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 8 3 3 3 3 12

C- Educational Buildings 7.75 6.25 6.5 7 11 11.75

C.1- Nursery 3 2 2 2 9 2 1 3 1 7 3 1 1 3 8 3 2 3 3 11 3 4 3 2 12 3 3 2 1 9

C.2- Primary 3 1 2 2 8 2 2 2 1 7 3 1 1 2 7 3 2 2 3 10 3 2 3 2 10 3 4 2 2 11

C.3- Advanced 3 1 2 2 8 2 1 2 1 6 2 1 1 2 6 2 2 1 2 7 3 3 2 3 11 3 4 2 3 12

C.4- Universities 2 1 2 1 6 1 1 2 1 5 2 1 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 2 11 4 4 3 4 15

D- Hospitales 8.2 6.6 10.6 7.2 11.6 8.2

D.1- Emergency 3 2 2 2 9 2 2 2 1 7 4 3 2 4 13 2 1 2 2 7 3 3 3 2 11 4 3 2 2 11

D.2- General 3 2 3 3 11 3 2 2 2 9 2 1 2 3 8 1 1 2 2 6 3 3 2 2 10 4 4 3 2 13

D.3- Specialist 3 2 2 3 10 3 2 2 2 9 2 2 2 2 8 1 1 2 1 5 2 3 3 1 9 3 2 2 1 8

D.4- Clinic 3 2 3 3 11 2 2 2 2 8 2 3 3 4 12 1 2 2 3 8 4 3 3 3 13 3 3 2 1 9

D.5- Portable Clinic. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 12 3 2 2 3 10 4 4 4 3 15 0 0 0 0 0

E- Hotels 12 10.6667 8.33333 8.66667 10.3333 10

E.1-Motels 3 2 3 3 11 3 2 3 2 10 2 2 2 3 9 3 2 3 3 11 4 3 3 2 12 3 3 3 2 11

E.2- Day-use 2 3 2 2 9 2 2 3 1 8 2 2 2 3 9 4 3 4 4 15 4 4 2 1 11 3 3 2 2 10

E.3- Tourism Hotels (Stars) 4 4 4 4 16 4 4 3 3 14 1 2 2 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 8 3 1 3 2 9

F-Others 7.625 6 12.875 8.5 12.25 12.375

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Introduction Systems V Engineering Studies Conclusion

27

THANK YOU

Ali Bassiouny Darwish