Material de Apoyo Para El Entrenador de Futbol [Previo 25 Hojas]

7/22/2019 Material de Apoyo Para El Entrenador de Futbol [Previo 25 Hojas]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/material-de-apoyo-para-el-entrenador-de-futbol-previo-25-hojas 1/25

Hjtlrije bl Jpkyk pjrj le lftrlfjbkr bl gut`ke

-Jpuftls y ckfsiblrjcikfls) pkr Hjfeik G& Sjfbkvje

Iftrkbuccióf?

J vlcls% le trj`jok ble lftrlfjbkr fk ls tjf gêcie ckhk pubilrj pjrlclr& Le slr ckjcm y mjclrsl cjrnk bl uf nrupk vjs hês jeeê bleelnjr je cjhpk% jpeicjr cilrtj cjftibjb bl jctivibjbls -lolrciciks)% slr lxinlftl ckf fulstrks jeuhfks y lsplrjr qul lstks sljf lelhlftkssugicilftls pjrj qul fulstrk lquipk blsjrrkeel fulstrj visióf ble oulnk&

Le trj`jok ble lftrlfjbkr bl gut`ke `jsl fk tilfl fjbj qul vlr ckf ek qul sl jpeicj lf le fivle prkglsikfje& Lstk pkr bistiftjs

rjzkfls% plrk ejs prifcipjels skf? ejs flclsibjbls bl cjbj lbjb% ejs pksiìeibjbls bl cjbj fiúk bl jculrbk j -ktrj vlz) ej lbjb% ejhjburlz bl cjbj fiúk -bl jculrbk j su lbjb)& Jblhês% ej lfslújfzj bl ej têcticj y ej lstrjtlnij% ckhk fksktrks ej lftlfblhks ls huyckhpeloj pjrj ejs lbjbls ifgjftiels% pkr ek tjftk fk ls jckfslojèl ―`jojr‘ bicmks ckfclptks tje cuje ckf le prltlxtk bl qul ―jsè skf‘ y bllsj hjflrj ek tilflf qul jprlfblr…

\f lftrlfjbkr ckhprkhltibk ckf su ej`kr fk skek ls uf ckfkclbkr bl su hjtlrij% bl`l slr uf ifvlstinjbkr tjhìéf% pulstk qultkbk ek qul sj`lhks k crllhks sj`lr pulbl lstjr lquivkcjbk% y fk mjy fjbj hês pleinrksk pjrj uf jeuhfk qul uf prkglskr gjfêtick blcrllfcijs l ibljs sk`rl su jctivibjb& Tkr ek tjftk% ckhk lftrlfjbkr sl bl`l lstjr jctujeizjbk y sk`rl tkbk% sl bl`l jprlfblr jculstikfjr ek qul sj`l&

―Hjnks% Ieusikfistjs y Lftrlfjbkrls‘

-Tkrqul uf pkck bl criticj fufcj lstê bl hês)

Mjcl jenufks júks rljeizjfbk hi trj`jok ckhk lftrlfjbkr jpeiqul pkr prihlrj vlz lf le lftrlfjhilftk uf lolrcicik ―ceêsick‘ qulprltlfbèj trj`jojr le nlstk técfick ble cj`lclk ckf fiúks bl lftrl 9 y :4 júks -si yj sé qul lstuvk hje% lrj hês okvlf y ckf hlfkslxplrilfcij)& Tuls ìlf% lstê bl hês blcir qul je slr ej prihlrj vlz qul sl jpeicj`j suclbilrkf hucmks lrrkrls% lf pjrtl pkr ejiflxplrilfcij ble jeuhfjbk plrk hês pkr ek ifjblcujbk ble lolrcicik -lsk ek supl blspués)& Lf gif% uf ckhpjúlrk lftrlfjbkr sl hljclrcj y hl mjcl ej k`slrvjcióf bl qul els lstj`j sjeilfbk hje le lolrcicik% yk el ckftlstl qul lrj fjturje pulstk qul lrj ej prihlrj vlzqul sl jpeicj`j& Hi jskh`rk vifk blspués cujfbk hl biok lstk? ―cjhìj le lolrcicik% pkf ktrj cksj% pkrqul sl vl hje y pjrj qul le pjbrl

pilfsl qul si sj`ls bl`l vlrsl ìlf‘… Gul le jrnuhlftk hês -y plrbóf pkr ej lxprlsióf) lstÿpibk qul ml lscucmjbk% pkrqul bj`j jlftlfblr qul fulstrk trj`jok% fulstrj jctivibjb fk lrj lfslújr sifk hjftlflr ej ihprlsióf bl qul lstê`jhks trj`jojfbk y qulckfkclhks fulstrk kgicik pjrj lvitjr slr culstikfjbks&

»Fk ls bl ekcks; Rrj`jojr sif trj`jojr% prltlfblr sj`lr% mjclr skek jquleek qul sl vlj ìlf -y sl lolcutl ìlf) y qul bé ej ihprlsiófbl qul ckfkclhks fulstrk kgicik y lvitjr lquivkcjrfks skek pjrj lvitjr slr culstikfjbks& Blojfbk lf slnufbk pejfk ek vlrbjblrjhlftl

ihpkrtjftl bl fulstrj jctivibjb% ls blcir% lfslújr y krilftjr j fulstrks jeuhfks& Alf Pkìfskf ek lxprlsk jsè? ―Si fk lstês bispulstk jlquivkcjrtl% fufcj eelnjrês j fjbj krinifje‘ &

―J vlcls eks lftrlfjbkrls skhks ufks ckhpeltks gjrsjftls% puls lf nrjf hlbibj fulstrk trj`jok% lf ej hjykrèj

bl ejs kcjsikfls sl rlsulevl skek…&‘

Ej jftlrikr grjsl prltlfbl lviblfcijr ufj rljeibjb ckfstjftl lf le blpkrtl ifgjftie% plrk lsplcègicjhlftl mjèjrl ble blpkrtl lf lequl lstky ifvkeucrjbk% le gut`ke `jsl& Y jufqul lf lstks hkhlftks lstky cjusjfbk hês hkelstij qul curiksibjb pkr ej grjsl jftlrikrbl`k ifsistir qul ls% jufqul hl bulej jbhitirek% tktjehlftl cilrtj& Tkrqul cujftks bl fksktrks fk mlhks rlsuletk fulstrks prkèlhjsskek pkrqul fks mj tkcjbk tlflr pkr sulrtl uf ùlf nrupk bl jeuhfks qul yj tilflf ej gjcieibjb pjrj le oulnk% k sihpel y slfcieejhlftlfks mj eelnjbk uf fiúk qul blìbk j su blsjrrkeek k j su hjburlz psickhktriz sl "sjel bl ej lscjej" -mjy quilf eks eejhjf "gulrj bl slril"k tjelftks) y tlrhifj silfbk le nkeljbkr ble lquipk y bl pjsk le sjevjbkr bl fulstrj "rlputjcióf" ckhk lftrlfjbkrls&

Y slúkrls… tlhk qul rkhplré ckf his k`slrvjcikfls ej ùrùoj bl ckfgkrhibjb lf ej qul mlhks lstjbk burjftl hucmk tilhpk

ckf le kòltivk bl hjftlflr fulstrk lstjtus bl ―ckfkclbkrls‘% pkrqul créjfek k fk yj vj silfbk mkrj bl prlkcupjrfks pkr trj`j ojr qulpkr cuibjr fulstrk trj`jok&

Tlrk ckhk Ojca le ―blstripjbkr‘ vjyjhks pkr pjrtls& Burjftl hucmk tilhpk mj sibk huy ckhÿf -y lf ÿetihjs glcmjs hês) qulmjyj ―prkglskrls‘+lftrlfjbkrls+‘ckjcmls‘ k ckhk eks quilrjf eejhjr pjrticipjfbk jctivjhlftl cuje pkeèticks lf cjhpjúj k ckhkhlrkeicks bl jvlfibj% prkhltilfbk rlsuetjbks y jslnurjfbk qul su ―hétkbk‘ ls ÿfick y ls le qul njrjftizj rlsuetjbks ifhlbijtks&Ifceusk mjy quilfls el pkflf glcmj bl lglctivibjb je rlsuetjbk -y bl lstks ÿetihks ml vistk vjriks) y yj bl pkr si skf pleinrksks eks―prkbuctks hiejnrk‘ »Zul pkbrêf slr eks lftrlfjbkrls ―hiejnrk‘;& J ckftifujcióf lxpkfbré j eks qul plrskfjehlftl ckfsiblrkpleinrksks?

Cjsk : ―Le Hlrkeick‘ -:)? Zuilf fk mj vistk jenufj vlz lf uf cjhpk bl gut`ke j jqule lftrlfjbkr qul jezj ej vkz bjfbkifgkrhjcióf técficj ckhk si gulrjf hjftrjs pjrj qul RKBKS ek lscucmlf% qul pjrj blhkstrjr jutkribjb bj ej ihprlsióf bllxinir ek ―hêxihk‘ bl sus birinibks lf tkbk hkhlftk& Lstj ―blhkstrjcióf‘ fk vj lfgkcjbj j su jeuhfjbk sifk je nrupk blpjbrls bl gjhieij% ùscjfbk ej jprk`jcióf y ej gibleibjb prlcisjhlftl ble qul fk sj`l& Y qul cujfbk sl el culstikfj% ek ÿfick

qul mjcl ls jrrkojr tlcficishks y bjrel vuletjs j eks hishks ckf le ÿfick kòltivk bl lfrlbjr je qul el culstikfj% le cuje je fkckhprlfblr tlrhifj pkr jclptjr eks jrnuhlftks -y bl pjsk su ―blrrktj‘) je fk pkblr hjftlflr ej biscusióf je fivle ―técfick‘ble ckjcm&

Cjsk 0 ―Le visikfjrik‘? ―Mly% su miok oulnj huy ìlf… tilfl hjblrj pjrj eelnjr… yk ek mjrl prkglsikfje… ckf hi prkylctk ekmjrl eelnjr‘ »Jenuilf mj lscucmjbk lstk; Fk ls fulvk% y ejhlftjèlhlftl ls le qul vj lf juhlftk% pulstk qul lf lstjsépkcjs ek qul vlfbl skf ejs pjej`rjs ―Trkglsikfje‘% ―Trkylctk‘% ―Jetk Plfbihilftk‘ y si vjf ouftjs% puls&&& ¡Éxitk slnurk* Y ls



uf mlcmk qul gufcikfjrj sif gjeej pulstk qul jtjcj ej pjrtl hês slfsièl ble pjbrl% le lnk bl tlflr lf su miok je próxihk crjcable sinek&

Le qul vlfbl lstj iblj prkpkrcikfj je pjbrl ek qul yk eejhk ―hÿsicj pjrj sus kèbks‘ puls skek bicl ek qul lstl quilrl -yblslj) lscucmjr% fufcj mjèj ckf ej vlrbjb puls ek qul el iftlrlsj ls hjftlflr% cuje pjstkr bl slctj% ―ckftrkejbk j su rl`júk‘prkhltilfbk uf pjrjèsk je gifje& Rkbj ej ifgkrhjcióf qul prkpkrcikfj lstê krilftjbj mjcij le guturk… Y lstk ls ek qul ek mjcl pleinrksk% yj qul je hjftlflr ―ckfvlfcibj‘ jsè j ej nlftl ek ÿfick qul prkvkcj ls pérbibj bl tilhpk y lsgulrzk bl sus birinibksskek pkr k`tlflr eks ―slrviciks‘ bl ùlfks ounjbkrls qul je gifje fk eknrjf k`tlflr ek prkhltibk& Y si jenufk eelnj j blstjcjrlstl ùscjrj ckenjrsl y pkflrsl je grlftl ckhk jrtègicl bl su éxitk% jslnurjfbk ckf lstk ej cjptjcióf bl hês jblptks y suprlslrvjcióf lf le hlbik&

Cjsk 3 ―Tkeètick lf lelccikfls‘? Lstl cjsk ls le hês ckhÿf k pkr ek hlfks mj sibk burjftl `jstjftl tilhpk& Eks prjcticjftlsbl lstl hkbk bl jctujr skf lsplcijeistjs lf prkhltlr hucmjs cksjs y skek cuhpeir jenufjs% lxplrtks lf ej nulrrj sucij pulsckhk sl jtjcjf lftrl sè% y sk`rl tkbk% bl hjfiglstjr qul su hétkbk ls le hês lglctivk qul le bl eks blhês y qul si skflelnibks fk eks blgrjubjrjf& Skek sl eknrjf skstlflr ckf rlsuetjbks% eks cujels ùscjrjf k`tlflr j tkbj ckstj% jufqul lskckfeelvl le blojr j jeuhfks sif ounjr k lfslújr ejs jrtihjújs ble oulnk -pkrqul jsè ls le gut`ke slnÿf leeks)& Fk sl prlkcupjfpkr lfslújr eks biglrlftls lelhlftks ble oulnk% su prlkcupjcióf lstê lf qul sus birinibks mjnjf skek ek flclsjrik pjrj njfjr lepjrtibk lf turfk& Y ckhk hlfcikfl jftlrikrhlftl% je slr lstl cjsk le hês ckhÿf% ls ―fkrhje‘ vlr lfculftrks bkfbl eks bkslquipks hjftilflf le hishk lstiek% rlcuplrjr% hjfbjr ejrnk mjcij le hês mêìe y ùscjr jfktjr ek hês rêpibk pksièl% lf ktrjspjej`rjs% ounjr sif ounjr -»y lf le jftlrikr cjsk mjèl bl plrblr le tilhpk;)&

Cjsk 2 ―Wlfblbkr bl Ifgkhlrcije‘? ―Ckhk ek vik lf Rv…% ckf skek < hif ustlb k`tlfbrê…% lf skek :4 hif…% rêpibk y gêcie…%ltc&‘& Lf le hlbik blpkrtivk y lsplcègicjhlftl lf le gut`ke ml lscucmjbk j lftrlfjbkrls prkhltlr ―bjhl bks hlsls y tl ekmjrl ounjr…‘% lf bks hlsls ek mjnk cjhplóf‘% ―lf slis hlsls…‘ ltc& Y lstl bijeknk qul j ckftifujcióf lxpkfnk lslsplcijehlftl irriskrik?

Lftrlfjbkr? ―Si quilrls slr cjhplóf fjcikfje bl`ls bl ckftrjtjrhl‘ Birlctkr Nlflrje? ―»J si; »Cuêftks cjhplkfjtks fjcikfjels mjs k`tlfibk;‘ Lft? ―Juf fifnufk% plrk ckf hi hétkbk ek eknrjrl…‘ BN? ―»;‘ -F&J& »J pkck fk bj risj;)

Ek qul eks hifutks skf j eks ifgkhlrcijels% pjrj lstl tipk bl lftrlfjbkrls skf eks hlsls& Lstj rjhj ls pjrlcibj je cjsk 0plrk lf hlfkr prkpkrcióf l ifceuyl rjsnks ble cjsk 3& Jh`ks oulnjf ckf ejs prkhlsjs% plrk j biglrlfcij ble visikfjrik -bkfblprlbkhifj le ―yk‘) lstks tilfblf j blsplrskfjeizjrsl y crljr -tje vlz pkr ifslnuribjb) uf hétkbk gicticik qul els jyubl j oustigicjr su jccikfjr& K plkr% hlfcikfjr qul ls uf hkbk qul ―silhprl‘ els mj gufcikfjbk y qul fk lxistl ktrj gkrhj blmjclrek hlokr& Le ckjcm bl lstl tipk tilfbl% j blglfblrsl% lf su blslsplrjcióf pkr ckfvlfclr% ckf ejs tlkrèjs bl ktrksprkglsikfjels hlzcejbjs ckf tlkrèjs prkpijs% puls ckhk sl sj`l% pjrj lsckfblr ufj hlftirj ek hlokr ls kcuetjrej lftrl bksvlrbjbls& Hlfksprlcijf tkbj ifgkrhjcióf qul culstikfl k lxmi`j eks lrrkrls bl su pksturj% y trjtjrj bl hifihizjr ej situjciófhlfcikfjfbk sus eknrks -lf hlsls% cejrk)% lolhpek? ―:4 cjhplkfjtks lf = hlsls mjèjf pkr hi‘ -si% lstl ckhlftjrik ls bl ejhishj plrskfj ble bijeknk jftlrikr)&

Cjsk < ―Wictihj bl ejs Circufstjfcijs‘? Lstks vivlf su jctivibjb ckhk si bl ufj tlelfkvlej sl trjtjsl% ls blcir% skf eksprktjnkfistjs% y fk mjy ufk… mjy hucmks jftjnkfistjs qul eks quilrlf vlr sugrir% silhprl ―pjblclf‘ lf ej trjhj% y lf ejmistkrij nlflrje leeks skf eks hlfksprlcijbks% y pkr si gulrj pkck% ùscjf blslsplrjbjhlftl ―eucmjr‘ pkr le gifje gleiz qulcrllf qul sl hlrlclf leeks -fk sus ounjbkrls) lf tkbk hkhlftk& Je slr ―silhprl jtjcjbks‘ lstks rlspkfblf ckf jenufjs bllstjs grjsls ―»Yj vilrkf; Le êrìtrk fks lstê hltilfbk cucmieek‘% ―… fk fks quilrlf pkr slr lquipk bl `jrrik‘% ―…fks lstêfeejhjfbk fiúks bl ej cjeel…‘% ―le ktrk lquipk fks biok ifbiks‘ -si% lstj ÿetihj gul rjrj)% ltc&

Lstl tipk bl lftrlfjbkr skf eks hês gêciels bl iblftigicjr y cjsi silhprl plrtlflclf k hjflojf lquipks bl `joks rlcursksk% ckf tkbk rlspltk% lsculeitjs bl gut`ke -mjèk bl ejs ifgkrhjels)& Skf eks qul silhprl ifcrlpjf ejs blcisikfls jrìtrjels ysilhprl ifvjblf le tlrrlfk bl oulnk1 fufcj ùscjf ckftrkejr j su `jrrj% je ckftrjrik% ej ifcitjf j rlcejhjr inuje qul leeks% puls%lf su visióf% els lstêf mjcilfbk ufj ifousticij& Sl silftlf hlfksprlcijbks pkr sus ―ckfbicikfls‘ y ùscjf qul sus jeelnjbksckhpjrtjf su visióf bl lsj situjcióf& Fk ls rjrk lf leeks mjclr le ―pelitk rjtlrk‘-0) lf tkbk ek qul biscutlf y lf cjsk bl fk k`tlflr ek qul quilrlf jhlfjzjf ckf j`jfbkfjr le tkrflk pkr ejs ifousticijs j ejs qul lstêf silfbk skhltibks&

Su grjsl bl cj`lclrj ls qul ―tkbk ek mjclhks pkr jpkyjr j fulstrks fiúks‘ k% ―mjclhks le sjcrigicik bl lfslújrels

gut`ke‘% jufqul lf rljeibjb ek mjclf pkr jpkyjrsl j sè hishks&

Cjsk 7 ―Le gif oustigicj eks hlbiks‘ ? Lstks ÿetihks ckhk su tètuek ek ifbicj ùscjrjf le rlsuetjbk j cujequilr ckstk& Fkihpkrtjfbk rkhplr rlnejhlftks% k blsjpjrlclr lquipks pkr hlbik ble pirjtjol bl ounjbkrls% k pkr hlbik bl cujequilrjrtihjúj qul lstl j su jecjfcl pjrj k`tlflr ek qul quilrlf&

Ckhk lstks lstêf huy bispulstks j rkhplr ejs rlnejs ckf le gif bl eknrjr sus kòltivks% fk ls rjrk qul rlcurrjf je usk blcjcmiruels% j ej supejftjcióf bl ounjbkrls -lf pjrtibks y tkrflks kgicijels)% ifceusk j gjesljr su cjtlnkrèj pjrj tlflr ufj vlftjojsk`rl le rivje lf le cjsk bl eks lfculftrks jhistksks% tkbk ek jftlrikr lfgkcjbk j ùscjr le rlsuetjbk bl ej hjflrj hês ―gêcie‘&Le cjsk bl pirjtjol bl ounjbkrls le ÿfick gif ls le bl mjclrsl ckf ej hlokr pejftieej bl ounjbkrls bispkfièls& Fk tilfl uf iftlrésrlje pkr sus ounjbkrls sjevk pkr ek qul lstks pulbjf kgrlclrel lf rlfbihilftk% puls ckhk yj ek hlfcikfl% tkbk ls ckf le gif blnjfjr& Jblhês bl`k hlfcikfjr qul lstl cjsk lf pjrticuejr ls le qul hlfks ckhprlfbk% yj qul lstl tipk bl lftrlfjbkr fkjctÿj skek% ls blcir% qul culftj ckf ej pjrticipjcióf jctivj bl jenufks pjbrls bl gjhieij blftrk bl su nrupk qul ckhpjrtlf suhishj flclsibjb&

Jcejrjcióf?Lstl pjrtl fk gul lscritj ckf le gif bl jtjcjr ufj jctivibjb qul ls tjf fkèl ckhk ek ls slr ifstructkr blpkrtivk ifgjftie% puls

jgkrtufjbjhlftl jsè ckhk lxistlf lstks slis tipks bl ―ifstructkrls‘+lftrlfjbkrls+‘ckjcmls‘% tjhìéf mjy jquleeks qul sl lsgulrzjfpkr hlokrjr sus ckfkcihilftks y prkclbihilftks puls ckhprlfblf ej ihpkrtjfcij y jclptjf ej rlspkfsjìeibjb bl su jctivibjb&



Plbjctl lstl lscritk ckf le ÿfick gif jyubjr j blsjrrkeejr% ckhk bicl Mkrst ^lif% ej plrclpcióf& Fk skek ej plrclpcióf blelftrlfjbkr… sifk ej bl tkbks jquleeks qul birlctj k ifbirlctjhlftl pjrticipjhks lf le blpkrtl% y lsk ifceuyl j pjbrls y jeuhfks& Ypuls% ckhk biol je prifcipik% rkhplr fulstrj ùrùoj y prlkcupjrfks hês pkr trj`jojr qul cuibjr fulstrk trj`jok& Bl j`jfbkfjrprktjnkfishks prkpiks y blojr qul fulstrk trj`jok ckf eks cmicks mjèl rljehlftl pkr fksktrks& Mjy vlcls qul uf cjhplkfjtk sl njfj ounjfbk j fjbj% y ktrks qul sl pilrblf ounjfbk j jenk% ktrks ifceusivl fk supihks ckhk eks k`tuvihks& Rrkglks y hlbjeejs pkbl hksk`tlflr bl hucmjs hjflrjs% lsjs tjrbl k tlhprjfk sl kxibjrjf y eelfjrjf bl pkevk& Ek qul rljehlftl qulbj ls ek qul vlrbjblrjhlftlels blojhks j eks ounjbkrls qul tlflhks k tuvihks j fulstrk cjrnk… Y lsk ls hês qul sugicilftl cjrtj bl prlslftjcióf&

Ls uf mlcmk qul lf lstl jrtècuek fk hlfcikfk j tkbks eks tipks bl lftrlfjbkrls% skek hl prlkcupl pkr lxpkflr j jquleeks tipksqul% j hi critlrik% ckfsiblrk hês pleinrksks& Tlrk lstks fk lxistirèjf k fk slrèjf ―ÿtiels‘ sif ej hjtlrij prihj qul eks skstilfl lf lehlbik% ls blcir% eks ounjbkrls& Lf ej pleècuej @eul Cmips -Rkbk Tkr Njfjr)% le plrskfjol iftlrprltjbk pkr Fica Fketl% lf su bijeknk gifje% ek

lxprlsk jsè? ―…ùscjhks mjclrfks bl cmicks tjf ùlfks ckhk leeks pkrqul fulstrk guturk prkglsikfje lstj lf lsks cmicks…‘ y crlk qullolhpeigicj huy ìlf lstl ÿetihk ckhlftjrik& Yj ls oustk blojr bl utieizjr j fulstrk jeuhfjbk ckhk trjhpkeèf prkglsikfje% blprlkcupjrfks hês pkr su blsjrrkeek qul pkr fulstrk "guturk"&&& bl blojr bl lfnjújrfks y eejhjr "fulstrk trj`jok" j ej ùlfj sulrtl&&&

Sif bubj jenufj ej hlrcjbktlcfij ls ek qul hulvl j ejs hjsjs j ckfsuhir tje k cuje prkbuctk& Le hkbk lf qul sl vlfbl% sl huls trjk sl bislúj lstê lfgkcjbk j jtrjlr ej jtlfcióf ble pksièl ckfsuhibkr% j hjftlflr su iftlrés lf `jsl j eks -j vlcls culstikfjèls)rlsuetjbks y njrjftizjr gibleibjb ble ceilftl je prkbuctk% sif bjr hucmj ifgkrhjcióf bl su gj`ricjcióf k gufcikfjhilftk y lfgkcêfbksl lfek qul kgrlcl je gifje& Ls jsè ckhk gufcikfj y ls jsè ckhk fks ek crllhks&

―Hilftrjs hês lhpilcls j ifvlstinjr% hilftrjs hês tl lbucjs% lftrl hês tl ifgkrhjs% y lftrl hês lftilfbls bl

bkfbl vilflf ejs cksjs… ejs cksjs sl vulevlf hês k`vijs y lhpilzjs j vlr hlftirjs pkr tkbks ejbks& Rilfls qul

sj`lr ej vlrbjb% ùscjr ej vlrbjb y ej vlrbjb fks mjrê ei`rls&‘ Okrbjf Hjxwlee

-:) Hlrkeick? Jenuilf -pkr ek nlflrje vlfblbkr) qul pulbl mjèjr burjftl ejrnuèsihk tilhpk sketjfbk uf rkeek jskh`rksk% iftlrlsjftl% ifceuskjpjsikfjftl&&& y j`skeutjhlftl vjcèk&

-0) Telitk Pjtlrk? Sulel eejhjrsl j ej jctitub ble jcusjbk qul bl ej fjbj sl jsuhl jcusjbkr y lxinl jirjbjhlftl ej rlpjrjcióf bl su mkfrj& Ls cujfbk

ufj plrskfj je vlrsl jckrrjejbj sl mjcl le kglfbibk ùscjfbk cjhìjr ej rlskeucióf bl ej biscusióf% `lflgiciêfbksl bl ej situjcióf&



»Zuiéf k qué ls le lftrlfjbkr;

»Zuiéf ls ej plrskfj bltrês ble tètuek bl lftrlfjbkr; »Zué pjple oulnj su eiblrjznk; »Cuêe ls su ihpkrtjfcij lf ej ej`kr qulblslhplúj; »Lf qué ckfsistl su trj`jok; Y ej hês ihpkrtjftl… »Zué bl`l rlufir pjrj slrek% k hês ìlf% pjrj mjclrek bl hjflrjóptihj;

Lxistl uf ltlrfk bl`jtl lf blcibir qul cjpjcibjbls bl`l rlufir cujequilr plrskfj qul blbiqul su tilhpk j slr lftrlfjbkr blgut`ke& J tlflr qul slr uf ckfbuctk bl trjfshisióf bl ckfkcihilftks y nuèj bl plrskfjs -fiúks+oóvlfls+jbuetks) lf ufj jctivibjbblpkrtivj% j rljeizjr ej`krls bl lfslújfzj y birlccióf bl plrskfjs lfgkcjbj j ufj jctivibjb lf lsplcègick&

Jctujehlftl sl sinul ckfsiblrjfbk% k hês ìlf% sl sinul crlylfbk% qul pjrj pkblr slr uf lftrlfjbkr lgicilftl sl bl`l mj`lr sibk

uf ùlf ounjbkr y rlufir ejs mjìeibjbls prkpijs bl ej prêcticj qul blslj trjfshitir& Fk filnk qul lstj ej`kr trjtj tjhìéf bl trjfshitirlxplrilfcijs% plrk ejhlftk blcir qul lstjs fk ek skf tkbk& Supkflr qul skek ckf ej lxplrilfcij ls sugicilftl pjrj rljeizjr lstl trj`jok lslf hucmjs gkrhjs% lstérie&

»Tkrqul lstérie; @ulfk puls pkrqul le lftrlfjbkr fk ls% lf pjej`rjs bl Alf Pkìfskf uf trjfshiskr bl ckfkcihilftk% fi le

jeuhfk ls uf lfvjsl vjcèk le cuje mjy qul eelfjr bl ifgkrhjcióf&

Cujequilr plrskfj qul tkhl le rkee bl prkglskr -lf lstl cjsk bl lftrlfjbkr) bl`lrê rlufir fk skek ej mjìeibjb y le ckfkcihilftkprêctick -hucmjs vlcls lhpèrick) bl ek qul supkfl uf lftrlfjhilftk blpkrtivk% fi hucmk hlfks slr uf sihpel ckfkclbkr k uf hlrkjpeicjbkr bl lolrciciks& Bl`l rlufir lftrl ktrjs cksjs ej cjpjcibjb bl ckfvlrtir lf ifgkrhjcióf ÿtie bicmjs lxplrilfcijs% ej cjpjcibjb bltrjfshitir bicmj ifgkrhjcióf% y ej iftlfcióf pkr jbquirir fulvj ifgkrhjcióf qul el jyubl lf su ej`kr -jprlfblr)&

Ckftifujfbk ckf ek jftlrikr% si skek sl ùscjrj y sl trjtjrj je jeuhfk ckhk uf ckftlflbkr bl ifgkrhjcióf fks lfckftrjrèjhks ckfle prkèlhj bl qul fk tkbks lftlfblrêf fi jprlfblrêf ek qul trjtlhks bl lfslújr% k tje vlz si ek mjnjf% plrk skek ufks cujftks1crlêfbkfks ej ihprlsióf -yk ej eejhk ieusióf) bl qul mjy jeuhfks ―ùlfks y hjeks‘& Tkr tjftk% tlflr ej mjìeibjb fk mjcl cjeigicjbk j

lsj plrskfj pjrj lfslújrej& Bl slr jsè% cjbj ounjbkr qul mjyj blsjrrkeejbk uf fivle bl plrgkrhjfcl jclptjèl lstjrèj cjeigicjbk pjrj slruf ckjcm% y lsk yj slrijf blhjsijbks lftrlfjbkrls jblhês bl slr ckf tkbk rlspltk% ieónick&

Ej ihpkrtjfcij bl su ej`kr fk skek ls blìbk j qul bl`l trj`jojr pjrj k`tlflr rlsuetjbks tjels ckhk cjhplkfjtks% pjrtibksnjfjbks% k hlbjeejs& Su ihpkrtjfcij rjbicj lf le mlcmk bl tlflr qul mjclrsl cjrnk bl uf nrupk bl plrskfjs j ejs cujels tlfbrê quljyubjr j blsjrrkeejrsl lf hucmks jsplctks% fk skek bl plrgkrhjfcl blpkrtivk& Su pjple sl ckfvilrtl lf le bl uf prkglskr% y lsk yj lshucmj rlspkfsjìeibjb& Y tkbk lstk ls pjrtl iftlnrje bl su trj`jok&

\f ifstructkr blpkrtivk bl`l rlufir -j hi critlrik) pjrj blsjrrkeejr su jctivibjb bl hjflrj rlspkfsjèl ejs sinuilftls

cjrjctlrèsticjs?

:&( Eiblrjznk lgicilftl -sif hjfipuejcikfls)% bl`l slr ckmlrlftl% ckfnrulftl l ifgeuir bl hjflrj pksitivj&0&( Curiksibjb fjturje% ifquiltub pkr sj`lr hês&3&( Ckfkcihilftks bl ej hjtlrij&

2&( Cjpjcibjb bl k`slrvjcióf&<&( Mjìeibjbls flclsjrijs pjrj blsjrrkeejr su blpkrtl&7&( Cjpjcibjb pjrj lfslújr% plbjnknèj

:& Jqule qul tlfnj lstj cjpjcibjb% hktivj je jeuhfk j jprlfblr bl hjflrj fjturje&

>&( Cjpjz bl jbjptjrsl j ejs circufstjfcijs& -Rlflr ufj hlftl jìlrtj j ejs pksiìeibjbls)&=&( Lnk fkrhje -lstjèl)&9&( Trkgufbk jhkr pkr ek qul mjcl& -Tkrqul skek cujfbk jhjs jenk blhjsijbk ls pksièl vlr sus blglctks)&

:& Ej Tlbjnknèj ls ej biscipeifj qul sl lfcjrnj bl rlnuejr le prkclsk lbucjtivk je inuje qul rlskevlr eks prkèlhjs qul sl suscitjf blìbk j ej jpjricióf bl ej

lbucjcióf& -Picjrbk Fjssig)& Ls ckfsiblrjbj ufj biscipeifj ckf cjrêctlr iftlrbiscipeifjrik yj qul tkhj ckfclptks y prifcipiks blrivjbks bl ktrjs cilfcijs ckhk ej psickeknèj% skcikeknèj% jftrkpkeknèj% ltc&% qul tjhìéf pulbl lhitir tlkrèjs y ckfclptks prkpiks% tlfilfbk ckhk hltj k hisióf ej gkrhjcióf muhjfj&



»Tkr qué lrls lftrlfjbkr;-Rjèj bl ejs flclsibjbls bl eks lftrlfjbkrls lf ej prêcticj bl su jctivibjb)

J ek ejrnk bl hi blsjrrkeek ckhk lftrlfjbkr+ifstructkr+ckfbuctkr bl fiúks% ml pkbibk ckfstjtjr qul lf lstl hlbik blpkrtivk%lxistlf tjftks ―hétkbks‘ k lstieks bl lftrlfjhilftk ckhk lftrlfjbkrls% plrk ml k`slrvjbk qul tkbks sl hulvlf pkr bistiftjs rjzkfls&Fk vky j hlfcikfjr tipks bl lftrlfjbkrls -lsk ek vky j tkcjr hjs jblejftl)% plrk si sus hktivjcikfls&

Lxistlf biglrlftls rjzkfls pkr ejs qul ufj plrskfj blcibl blbicjrsl j ej jctivibjb bl ej lfslújfzj lsplcijehlftl ej blpkrtivj% skftjf vjrijbjs qul vjf blsbl ej hês sihpel ckhk ej flclsibjb bl uf lhpelk% mjstj ufj tjf ckhpeloj ckhk ek ls blstjcjr lf le hlbikblpkrtivk&

Cjbj ei`rk qul mjèj ble lftrlfjhilftk ckf fiúks ifceuyl lf sus pênifjs ej gjhksj tjèj bl ejs flclsibjbls ble fiúk lf ej prêcticjblpkrtivj% plrk curiksjhlftl fk lxistl ufj sihiejr pjrj eks ifvkeucrjbks lf su prlpjrjcióf& Lf lstl tlxtk mjèjrl ble lftrlfjbkr y susbiglrlftls hktivjcikfls&

Yj hlfcikfl qul lxistl ej tjèj bl ejs flclsibjbls ble fiúk lf ej prêcticj blpkrtivj% j ckftifujcióf lxpkfbré ejs pksièls cjusjs

pkr ejs qul ufj plrskfj blcibl slr lftrlfjbkr% prkglskr% y+k ckfbuctkr blpkrtivk bl fiúks& Fktjrjf qul jufqul eks térhifks pkr si

skeks fk skf hjeks% tkbks leeks vilflf prlclbibks pkr ej pjej`rj ―flclsibjb‘% qul cjhìj rjbicjehlftl su ckffktjcióf pksitivj&

:) Flclsibjb bl jutkrrljeizjcióf? Lf lstl jsplctk fks lfckftrjhks j plrskfjs cuyk kòltivk ls eknrjr jenk lf ej vibj pkr hlbikble blpkrtl% pkr ek nlflrje utieizjfbk j sus jeuhfks ckhk hlbik pjrj eknrjr sus gifls&

Tjrj ejs plrskfjs ckf lstl tipk bl flclsibjb% ej hjykr pjrtl ble tilhpk fk lstê plfsjfbk lf le blsjrrkeek iftlnrje bl susjeuhfks% skek pilfsjf ckhk blsjrrkeejr sus jptitubls -ejs bl sus ounjbkrls) hês rêpibk% pkrqul ―Le lftrlfjbkr qul hês njfj y

qul tilfl j eks hlokrls ounjbkrls ls le hlokr‘&

J fivle psickeónick% pkblhks blbucir qul sl trjtj bl plrskfjs qul sugrilrkf lf su ifgjfcij hjetrjtk psickeónick lfrlejcióf j su cjpjcibjb bl éxitk prifcipjehlftl ckf ckhpjrjcikfls -Lrls uf tkftk…% silhprl mjcls ejs cksjs hje…% fufcj

eknrjrjs fjbj lf ej vibj…% pkrqul fk lrls ckhk guejfitk le silhprl mjcl ejs cksjs ìlf% ltc&)& Jmkrj ckhk jbuetks% skfplrskfjs qul lstêf jckstuh`rjbjs j usjr j eks blhês pjrj eknrjr sus prkpiks gifls% yj qul k`tlflr uf rlsuetjbk -j `jsl blktrks)& Silhprl lstêf j ej blglfsivj juf sif slr criticjbks k% -slnÿf leeks) jtjcjbks& \f lolhpek cejrk% ek pkblhks vlr lfjenufks pkeèticks&

0) Flclsibjb bl Iftlnrjcióf y Jclptjcióf? Jquè lfckftrjhks j plrskfjs cuyj prifcipje hktivjcióf ls ej bl mjclr slftir cóhkbksj eks blhês -jeuhfks y pjbrls bl gjhieij) pkr hlbik bl su jctivibjb% sjcrigicjfbk -k blelnjfbk) su eiblrjznk% ej lfslújfzj% ejbiscipeifj y ej hjburlz bl su nrupk je lvitjr eks ckfgeictks&

Eks qul trjtjf bl cu`rir lstl tipk bl flclsibjb% ek iftlftjf pkr hlbik bl gjvkrlclr tkbk ek qul el pibj su nrupk-ckhÿfhlftl eejhjbks ―ckftlftieeks‘)1 cjhìjr sus blcisikfls cujfbk fk skf ble jnrjbk bl su nrupk1 ckfslftir j sus jeuhfkspjrj fk plrblr su jclptjcióf1 bjr gjesjs lxplctjtivjs j eks pjbrls bl gjhieij sk`rl le blsjrrkeek y le blslhplúk bl sus mioks%ltc& K slj% ―Le lftrlfjbkr qul tilfl le hlokr trjtk ls le hlokr‘&

J fivle psickeónick% sl pulbl plfsjr qul ej plrskfj ckf lstl tipk bl flclsibjb gul le ceêsick slnrlnjbk ble nrupk -yj sljpkr culstióf giscj k pkr gjetj bl sihpjtèj)% ls blcir% ―jfbj`j lf ej `kej‘% plrk fk lrj pjrtl bl1 lrj le qul rlci`èj eks ―hlokrls‘jpkbks& K% sugrió lf su fiúlz gjetj bl jtlfcióf pkr pjrtl bl sus pjbrls& Yj ckhk jbuetks% su critlrik lstê `jsjbk lf lstèhuekslxtlrfks pkr ek qul cjsi silhprl lstêf hês prlkcupjbks pkr ek qul pilfsjf eks blhês1 su jutkihjnlf ls huy pk`rl% pkr ekqul flclsitjf rlgkrzjrej ckfstjftlhlftl&

3) Flclsibjb bl Plckfkcihilftk? Lstl jpjrtjbk sl pkbrèj rlejcikfjr ckf eks bks jftlrikrls -Jutkrrljeizjcióf% Iftlnrjcióf yJclptjcióf)% plrk tilfl biglrlfcijs huy hjrcjbjs& Eks lftrlfjbkrls ckf lstj flclsibjb blsljf ckhplfsjr sus grjcjsks lf lepjsjbk pkr hlbik bl sus jeuhfks&

Lstêf tjf slnurks qul ej vibj y su blpkrtl eks trjtjrkf hje y qul su cjpjcibjb ls -k gul) ifgrjvjekrjbj& \fk bl sus rjsnkshês fktkriks% ls sk`rlvjekrjr su lxplrilfcij jftlrikr ckhk ounjbkr -prkglsikfje k jhjtlur) y hkstrjrsl ckhk ej hlokr kpciófbl lfslújfzj% jufqul j blcir vlrbjb ls le qul hlfks tilfl qul jpkrtjr& Fufcj sl jctujeizj -cursks) k si ek mjcl% skek ùscjk`tlflr le pjple& Su hêxihj ls% ―Skek jqule qul mj vivibk le vlrbjblrk blpkrtl% pulbl lfslújrek% eks blhês skek oulnjf j ej

lsculeitj‘&J fivle psickeónick% ej plrskfj ckf lstj flclsibjb gul lf su ifgjfcij ―miok bl pjpê culrvk‘% prktlnibk y sk`rlvjekrjbk pkr

sus pjbrls% lf uf lsgulrzk pkr fk bjújr k lelvjr su jutklstihj& Fk tilflf ùlf ckftrke bl ej grustrjcióf% fi skpkrtjf slrcriticjbks& »Tkr qué; Tkrqul fjbil tilfl blrlcmk j culstikfjr ek qul sl el mj bicmk tkbj su vibj -miok% lrls le hlokr…1 ―hioitk‘%

fk tl vjekrjf…1 leeks fk sj`lf ek qul plrbilrkf miok…1 lsl ls hi miok*…1 ltc&)& Jmkrj ckhk jbuetks% skf plrskfjs blsblúksjsbl eks blhês% y hês si lstjs sl blbicjf j ej hishj jctivibjb -pksièlhlftl pkr lfvibij k pkr ifcjpjcibjb)% tilfblf jckhpkrtjrsl ckhk -slnÿf leeks) sl ckhpkrtjrèj ufj plrskfj bl ―su‘ cjtlnkrèj&

2) Flclsibjb pkr Rrjsclfblr? Lstj flclsibjb lstê huy rlejcikfjbj ckf ej jutkrrljeizjcióf y ej jclptjcióf& Eks lftrlfjbkrls ckflstj flclsibjb quilrlf lstjr j ej hishj jeturj bl sus jvjtjrls hês rlspltjbks% skf jquleeks qul ùscjf blhkstrjr pkr hlbikj sus jeuhfks ej nrjfblzj bl sus jccikfls&

Ej plrskfj ckf lstj flclsibjb tilfl uf lnk tjf nrjfbl% qul sl pkfl j sè hishk ckhk rlglrlfcij pjrj sus jeuhfks -blsljslr su lolhpek)& Rilfbl j slr hjfipuejbkr y rlcurrl hucmk je hjetrjtjr psickeónicjhlftl j sus jeuhfks pjrj eknrjrek -&&&vltl%

yj fk plrtlflcls j hi nrupk…1 …si yj fk quilrlf qul slj su lftrlfjbkr% hl iré…1 …mjzek pkr hè…1 ltc&)& Zuilrl cjhìjr

eitlrjehlftl le hufbk% lstê ckfvlfcibk qul tkbk ek rlejcikfjbk ckf su blpkrtl lstê lquivkcjbk -ifceuylfbk j eks blhêsprkglskrls)% y qul -le) tilfl ejs rlspulstjs j tkbks eks prkèlhjs& Fk rljccikfj ìlf j ejs crèticjs -sljf ckfstructivjs k fk)%lsplcijehlftl sk`rl su trj`jok l ibljs1 ls eèblr pkr fjturjelzj% plrk sus jccikfls ckftrjbiclf j uf eiblrjznk rlje& Skek lstêtrjfquiek si su jutkribjb fk sl vl jhlfjzjbj% y skek eknrj slftirsl rlspltjbk pkr hlbik ble hilbk& Su rlejcióf ckf eks pjbrlsls mipócritj y ckfvlflfcilrj& Skf jpjsikfjbks bl su jctivibjb% plrk su pjsióf j vlcls fk tilfl ckftrke&



J fivle psickeónick su ckfbuctj pulbl tlflr sihieitubls ckf ejs ckfbuctjs bl eks pslubk(eèblrls rleiniksks -plrskfjeibjbhlsiêficj)& Zuizês lf su ifgjfcij gul le ceêsick fiúk prlsikfjbk pkr sus pjbrls pjrj slr le hlokr y skek jsè sl silftl jclptjbk&Jmkrj ckhk jbuetks% skf plrskfjs pkr fjturjelzj lfvibiksjs% qul fk skpkrtjf slr su`krbifjbjs1 su jutkihjnlf ls tjf gulrtlqul quisilrjf vlrsl j sè hishks ckhk eèblrls bl nrjfbls hjsjs% rlspltjbks y jbhirjbks& Hiblf su éxitk lf `jsl j su lstjtusskcije k ej`krje&

<) Wkcjcióf? Lstl ls le lstjbk iblje bl cujequilr plrskfj qul quilrj blbicjrsl j cujequilr jctivibjb& Ej vkcjcióf pulbl blgifirslckhk jqule lstjbk bkfbl ej plrskfj sl silftl pelfj% ifblplfbilftlhlftl bl ej jctivibjb qul rljeicl& Sus hktivjcikflsiftrèfslcjs y lxtrèfslcjs lstêf lf ckfstjftl lquiei`rik& Jctÿj hês pkr rlspkfsjìeibjb y nustk qul pkr flclsibjb& Fk mjcl ejscksjs ùscjfbk nrjfblzj% lfculftrj nrjfblzj lf ek qul mjcl& Jufqul fk ek ùsqul% eknrj cu`rir jquleeks jsplctks qul lfktrjs plrskfjs skf flclsibjbls -Jutkrrljeizjcióf% Iftlnrjcióf% Jclptjcióf% Plckfkcihilftk y Rrjsclfblfcij)&

Eks rjsnks qul cjrjctlrizjf j ufj plrskfj ckf vlrbjblrj vkcjcióf skf? Cjpjcibjb bl Jutkcrèticj% ls cjpjz bl culstikfjrsus ibljs y su sistlhj bl jccikfls1 ls rlspkfsjèl bl sus Jccikfls1 jpjsikfjbk plrk lquiei`rjbk1 ls cleksk bl su trj`jok

pkrqul sj`l qul sus blcisikfls y jccikfls jglctjf j ktrks1 silhprl lstj Jctujeizjbk lf ek qul j su jctivibjb sl rlgilrl1 lsslfsièl j ejs crèticjs% plrk fk sl cilrrj j fulvjs ibljs1 prkcurj prlbicjr ckf le lolhpek1 silhprl ùscj ek hlokr pjrj ktrks%

ùscj fulvks cjhifks pjrj rljeizjr su jctivibjb&

J fivle psickeónick fk mjy uf pjtróf ckhÿf lf su fiúlz qul fks binj pkr qué skf plrskfjs pkr ek nlflrje lquiei`rjbjslhkcikfjehlftl% jufqul le jftlclblftl qul hês ckifcibl ls qul gulrkf lbucjbks bl hjflrj ―burj‘ pkr sus pjbrls% plrkeónicj1 skf plrskfjs ckf critlrik prkpik% ek cuje% ej hjykrèj bl ejs vlcls els mjcl pjrlclr rl`lebls1 pksllf ufj jutkihjnlf jenkibljeizjbj bl sè hishks -jufqul huy rlje)% y jufqul fk ek pjrlzcj su ckfbuctj sl `jsj lf rlnejs -sus prkpijs rlnejs)1 jenufjsvlcls sl su`lstihjf j sè hishks% pkr ek cuje% sugrlf -jufqul fk silhprl) bl lpiskbiks bl `joj jutklstihj% qul% sif lh`jrnk%lf vlz bl hifjreks% eks jeilftj j crlclr& Su hêxihj ls? ―Fjbil ls hlokr oulz qul ufk hishk‘

7) Flclsibjb bl trj`jok y sustlftk? Blftrk bl lstl jpjrtjbk lfckftrjhks j plrskfjs cuyj hktivjcióf pulbl vjrijr lftrl ejs hês

ckhufls ckhk le biflrk% qul fk ls tjf hjek1 plrk ej hjs ckhÿf ls ej bl cu`rir su ifcjpjcibjb pjrj rljeizjr ktrk trj`jokblìbk j qul lstl ls% lf jpjrilfcij% hês gêcie&

>) Nustk pkr le oulnk? Lf lstl puftk ej plrskfj sl blbicj j lfslújr sihpelhlftl pkrqul el nustj le oulnk yj qul lstêfifvkeucrjbks birlctj k ifbirlctjhlftl lf le% pkr ek qul ls huy ckhÿf qul lx ounjbkrls -jhjtlurs) y jenufks pjbrls bl gjhieijsl vulevjf lftrlfjbkrls blìbk j ek jftlrikr&

=) ―Flclsibjbls‘ fk einjbjs je blpkrtl? J pjrtir bl jquè y silfbk hês crubks% mjy plrskfjols qul sl blbicjf j lstk pkr nustks ytlfblfcijs qul gjetjf je rlspltk j sus prkpiks jeuhfks& Lolhpeks cejrks ckhk jqule lftrlfjbkr qul sl ifvkeucrj bl hjflrjhjesjfj ckf eks pjbrls bl gjhieij -lsplcijehlftl ckf ejs hjhês)% k tjf pleinrksjs ckhk ej plbkgieij y pkr lfbl ej plblrjstij%qul jglctj bl hjflrj ihpkrtjftl je blsjrrkeek iftlnrje ble fiúk -y qul fk ls lxceusivj bl nlftl ckf prlglrlfcij pkr su hishkslxk% ckhk ej hjykrèj bl ejs plrskfjs supkflf% mjy lstubiks je rlsplctk)&

J tètuek plrskfje% bl`k jcejrjr% qul fk tlfnk fifnÿf prlouicik pkr ejs biglrlftls prlglrlfcijs slxujels% ls blcir% fk skymkhkgóìck fi fjbj pkr le lstiek% plrk ej plrskfj qul sl blbiqul j lstl tipk bl jctivibjb% tjf ihpkrtjftl ckhk ek ls ejlbucjcióf% bl`l jprlfblr j slpjrjr sus nustks bl su rlspkfsjìeibjb ckhk lbucjbkr&

Ckfceusióf? Ls ihpkrtjftl hlfcikfjr% qul lstks hkbleks -k plrgiels) fk skf jrqultèpicks fi prltlfblf slr lstlrlktèpicks% y qullstjs ―flclsibjbls‘ fk lxistlf bl hjflrj purj lf tkbjs ejs plrskfjs% sifk qul% cklxistlf bks k hês% y qul lstjs bltlrhifjf suhkbk blslr y su blslhplúk ckhk lftrlfjbkr% jsè ckhk tjhìéf le hkblek bl lfslújfzj qul blsjrrkeejrj y sk`rl tkbk ej ihjnlf qul el bjrê jlstj jctivibjb&

Ls le lftrlfjbkr ufj lsplcil bl Eèblr;

Blsbl le hkhlftk qul jenuilf sl pkfl je grlftl bl uf nrupk bl plrskfjs% lstjèlcl hltjs y blgifl kòltivks% lstj plrskfj% jsuhlle pjple bl eèblr& Bl tje gkrhj qul le lftrlfjbkr% je lstjr je grlftl bl uf nrupk -lquipk) y lstjèlclr ejs gkrhjs lf qul lstl slblsjrrkeejrj -hltjs y kòltivks)% jutkhêticjhlftl tkhj le rkee bl eèblr& Y ls jquè bkfbl rjbicj ek hês jtrjylftl y lstihuejftl bl lstlrke% bl slr le qul birinl eks blstifks blpkrtivks bl uf lquipk bl gut`ke& Ls ufj pksicióf ihpkrtjftl% plrk je hishk tilhpk cjrnjbj bleckhpkflftl hês ihpkrtjftl ble slr eèblr? Ej rlspkfsjìeibjb&

―Le slr eèblr fk sl trjtj bl MJ@IEIBJB% sifk bl PLSTKFSJ@IEIBJB… Fk skek sl ls rlspkfsjèl bl tkhjr ùlfjs

blcisikfls% sl bl`l slr rlspkfsjèl pkr ejs hjejs% y sl bl`l lstjr eistk pjrj tkhjr ejs plkrls…‘ Le Fÿcelk% 0443

Le lftrlfjbkr fk skek bl`l ckfkclr su hjtlrij y sj`lrej trjfshitir -lfslújr)% bl`l rlufir ejs cjrjctlrèsticjs bl uf eèblr% plrkprifcipjehlftl ejs sinuilftls?

Su trj`jok bl`l slr ckmlrlftl% bl`l slr ckfnrulftl lf su blcir y mjclr&

Bl`ls slr oustk& -Y lf lstj jctivibjb% tlflr lstj cjrjctlrèsticj ls huy ihpkrtjftl) Crlbiìeibjb& -Zul skek sl k`tilfl cujfbk rlufihks ejs jftlrikrls)

Ifgeulfcij& -Zul fjcl je tlflr ej crlbiìeibjb)

Ckhuficjcióf y jccióf& ―Rkbk sl el pulbl plrbkfjr j uf eèblr% plrk fk qul slj hubk…k qul fk tkhl blcisikfls‘ Slnuribjb lf sus blcisikfls ―Zul fk blelnul su eiblrjznk‘ Plspkfsjèl bl sus blcisikfls -ùlfjs% hjejs k plkrls)

Le slr le nuèj bl ejs hltjs y kòltivks bl uf nrupk bl plrskfjs ls uf pjple `jstjftl jtrjctivk plrk `jstjftl pleinrksk si ej plrskfjqul ek lolrcl fk tilfl ej hjburlz flclsjrij pjrj lftlfblr su ihpkrtjfcij& Bl tje hkbk% ls huy ckhÿf qul fks lfckftrlhksblslhplújfbk ufj ej`kr tjf slfsièl j plrskfjs cuyj ÿficj hltj ls slftirsl ihpkrtjftls blìbk je eiblrjznk ifmlrlftl bl lstj



jctivibjb% nlftl qul sl blslhplújf lf lstk skek pjrj jeihlftjr su lnk lf le hlokr bl eks cjsks& Tuls mjy ktrks qul ek utieizjf pjrjjeihlftjr ktrjs flclsibjbls&

Le pjple bl birinir j uf nrupk bl fiúks k oóvlfls y bl rlprlslftjr pjrj leeks -juf sif qulrlrek) uf lolhpek j slnuir% ls uf pjple blnrjf trjsclfblfcij plrk j ej vlz bl ufj nrjf rlspkfsjìeibjb% bkfbl le hlfkr lrrkr supkfl fk skek plrblr le pjrtibk ble gif bl slhjfj%sifk% plrblr le jctivk hês ihpkrtjftl bl tkbk lquipk bl gut`ke% le ounjbkr% k lf fulstrk cjsk% ckhk prkglskrls+ifstructkrls% j fulstrksjeuhfks&

Plspkfsjìeibjbls ble lftrlfjbkr& Trjcticjs?

:& Tejfljr su cejsl ble bèj y lej`krjrej pkr lscritk& Lf lstj jctivibjb% ej ihprkvisjcióf ls uf rlcursk pjrj rlctigicjrlf cjsk bl qul suclbj uf lrrkr k ej jctivibjb pejfljbj fk slj ej jblcujbj&

Tlrk ej ihprkvisjcióf fk bl`l slr utieizjbj ckhk uf ÿfick hlbik pjrj jpeicjr ufj cejsl ckhpeltj& Juf mkylf bèj ls jenk ckhÿf vlr j ―ckjcmls‘ qul fk eelvjf fjbj pejfljbk% jpeicjf ek prihlrk qul sl els kcurrl% ksihpelhlftl pkflf lolrcitjcikfls qul vilrkf lf ej tlel k lf jenÿf viblk pkr iftlrflt&

Le rljeizjr uf pejf bl trj`jok bl cjbj prêcticj supkfl ej crljcióf bl uf rlnistrk bl jctivibjbls% fks bj ufkrblf y fks jyubj j fk plrblrfks lf ek qul lstlhks mjcilfbk&

0& Eelnjr 34 hif& Jftls je cjhpk bl prêcticjs& Le eelnjr tlhprjfk tl plrhitl krnjfizjr le êrlj pjrj ej rljeizjciófbl ejs jctivibjbls pejfljbjs pjrj lsl bèj& Lstk supkfl rlbucir eks tilhpks bl lsplrj lftrl jctivibjbls yjuhlftjf eks tilhpks bl lolcucióf y pkr eónicj bl ckrrlccióf bl ejs hishjs& ―Eelnjr silhprl prihlrk y slr le

ÿetihk lf irsl‘ fk ls ufj pérbibj bl tilhpk&

3& Lstjr jtlftk j ejs biglrlftls situjcikfls blftrk bl ej cejsl& Blftrk bl ej prêcticj suclblf bistiftjs situjcikfls&Lstjs situjcikfls j`jrcjf blsbl ek ifjblcujbk bl jenufj jctivibjb% j jenufks jeuhfks qul rlejolf ej prêcticj%mjstj situjcikfls bl ifslnuribjb pjrj eks jeuhfks& Lstjr je plfbilftl fk skek blhulstrj le nrjbk blckhprkhisk% fks jyubj j blsjrrkeejr fulstrj cjpjcibjb bl rlspulstj jftl bicmjs situjcikfls&

2& @uscjr mjclrek tkbk ìlf& \fj cksj ls jsistir je lftrlfjhilftk y ktrj huy bistiftj ls lftrlfjr& Cjlr lf ejjctitub bl ―yj ek sl‘% k ―mjcilfbk skek lstk vjf j jprlfblr‘% k ―qul sl vlj `kfitk‘% k tje vlz ―pjrj qul mjclrlstk si yj ek sj`lf‘ lf vlz bl trj`jojr bl vlrbjb ls ej ckfbuctj hjs fkcivj qul pulblf tkhjr pjrj lstjjctivibjb&

Ej rlspkfsjìeibjb bl slr lftrlfjbkr fk ls mjclr bltlrhifjbj jccióf skek pjrj sjeir je pjsk& Bl`lhkslstjr ckfscilftls qul fulstrk trj`jok vjel tjftk ckhk le iftlrés y ej pjsióf pkr mjclr y jprlfblr qul j lstl elifylctlhks& Ls `lflgiciksk pjrj fksktrks y pjrj fulstrks jeuhfks&

<& Slr lxinlftl plrk rlspltjfbk ejs biglrlfcijs bl cjbj jeuhfk& Ej lxinlfcij fufcj lstjrê pleljbj ckf le rlspltkj eks blhês& Ls flclsjrik jcejrjr qul fk skf R\S jeuhfks% lstêf j tu cjrnk plrk fk skf prkpilbjb bl ejifstitucióf y hucmk hlfks ble lftrlfjbkr&

Ls tjhìéf ihpkrtjftl hlfcikfjr qul ej lxinlfcij fk ls inuje pjrj cjbj plrskfj% puls cjbj ufj lsbiglrlftl& Tkr tje rjzóf% fk tkbjs rljccikfjf je hishk lstihuek% jsi qul ls ihpkrtjftl ckfkclr j cjbj ufk blfulstrks jeuhfks y rlspltjr lstjs biglrlfcijs&

7& Sl trj`joj silhprl vilfbk mjcij jblejftl& Ckf lstk hl rlgilrk j qul tkbk ek qul mjnjhks fk skek slj pjrjjuhlftjr ej cjpjcibjb bl fulstrks jeuhfks% k qul fks sirvj su rlfbihilftk bl slhjfj trjs slhjfj j fulstrkprlstinik& Sinfigicj qul tkbk bl`l ir lfcjhifjbk j qul le jprlfbizjol slj jprlcijèl burjftl eks pjrtibks blcjbj gif bl slhjfj% qul tkbks eks jeuhfks j fulstrk cjrnk blsjrrkeelf mjìeibjbls lf rlejcióf j suscjpjcibjbls% y qul je gifje ble prkclsk -tlhpkrjbj) le sinuilftl lftrlfjbkr -si ls qul mjy cjhìk) fk tlfnjprkèlhjs ckf le nrupk qul mlhks blojbk&

>& Bl`l jtlfblr j tkbks sif bistifcióf& Lf pjej`rjs ble psicóeknk Lbnjr Je`k% ls fjturje qul le lftrlfjbkr vulequl

su jtlfcióf mjcij jquleeks jeuhfks qul rlspkfbjf ìlf j su prknrjhj y qul rlÿfjf ejs ckfbicikfls gut`keèsticjs

qul gjvkrlzcjf ej visióf bl bicmk prkglskr&

Fulstrj kèinjcióf ckhk ifstructkrls+lftrlfjbkrls+lbucjbkrls bl cujequilr jctivibjb% ls ej bl prkvllrbl ej hjykr cjftibjb bl lxplrilfcijs j fulstrks jeuhfks& Lxplrilfcijs qul bl`lrêf slr jsihiejbjs pkr ekshishks lf cjeibjb bl mjìeibjbls& Y rlckrbjfbk uf puftk jftlrikr% fulstrks birinibks skf biglrlftls lftrl si%rlspkfblf j biglrlftls lstèhueks… y tjhìéf% jprlfblf j biglrlftls rithks% pkr ek tjftk% ls uf lsgulrzk ifÿtielsplrjr j qul tkbks oulnulf inuje% rljccikflf inuje% y sk`rl tkbk% jprlfbjf je hishk rithk&

Jblhês% pkr lxplrilfcij sl% qul hjrcjr bistifcikfls lvitj fk skek le blsjrrkeek bl fulstrks jeuhfks―jvjfzjbks‘% eihitj le fulstrk ckhk ifstructkrls% y privj j eks ―rlelnjbks‘ bl blsjrrkeejr sus mjìeibjbls% y quilfsj`l% tje vlz lftrl lsks qul blsprlcijhks lstl uf ounjbkr bl gut`ke lsplrjfbk j slr lfckftrjbk&

Tjrtibks?:& Eelnjr jftls qul eks ounjbkrls je cjhpk bl oulnk& »Cóhk sl pejflj uf pjrtibk eelnjfbk pkcks hifutks jftls bl

ificijr le lfculftrk; Lstl puftk -puftujeibjb) ls ufk bl eks gjctkrls qul pulblf jglctjr ej crlbiìeibjb blelftrlfjbkr% pjrj ìlf y pjrj hje& Ej gjetj ckfstjftl bl lstl jsplctk pulbl bjr j lftlfblr gjetj bl ckhprkhiskl iftlrés% pkr ek tjftk fufcj lstjr bl hês eelnjr jftls qul tus ounjbkrls je cjhpk bl oulnk&



0& Lstjr prlpjrjbk pjrj ek qul fk sl lsplrj& »Cujftjs vlcls fk mlhks pejfljbk ej jeifljcióf pjrj le pjrtibk blegif bl slhjfj ckf ej pejftieej ―iblje‘; »lf cuêftjs kcjsikfls sl mj rktk fulstrk ―lsqulhj‘ pkrqul ufk k vjriks ounjbkrls ―gufbjhlftjels‘ pjrj fulstrj jeifljcióf eelnjf tjrbl k fk eelnjf; Lstjr prlpjrjbk pjrj ek iflsplrjbkfk skek fks j`rl uf j`jfick bl pksiìeibjbls j fksktrks ckhk ifstructkrls% tjhìéf sl el j`rl j fulstrksjeuhfks& Plckrblhks qul eks jeuhfks% lf nrjf hlbibj% eelnjf j slr uf rlgelok bl su lftrlfjbkr&

3& Slr k`slrvjbkr bl tus ounjbkrls y su blslhplúk& »Cóhk hibls le jvjfcl bl tu nrupk bl jeuhfks; »Lf qul tl`jsjs pjrj hjrcjr uf jvjfcl; »Lf uf pjrtibk njfjbk; »Lf uf nke jfktjbk pkr jenÿf jeuhfk jvlftjojbk; »Lfqué; Si skek tl jpkyjs lf ejs rlspulstjs j ejs jftlrikrls prlnuftjs pjrj hlbir le jvjfcl bl tu lquipk% crlk qultu visióf ls uf pkck lstrlcmj% yj qul blìbk je êrlj bkfbl fks blslhplújhks -gut`ke `jsl) hlbir pkrrlsuetjbks fk skek ls lstérie% pkr fk blcir fkcivk&

Yj mj qulbjbk cejrk qul fulstrj ej`kr ls jyubjr je blsjrrkeek blpkrtivk bl cjbj ufk bl fulstrks birinibks%jsi qul hlbir le jvjfcl pkr uf pjrtibk njfjbk k uf nke jfktjbk k uf cjhplkfjtk k`tlfibk ls skek ufj visióf jhlbijs& Lftkfcls »si fk k`tilflf le cjhplkfjtk% fk mjy jvjfcl; »Si sl njfj uf pjrtibk l stj slhjfj y sl pilrblle sinuilftl% lstk hjrcj uf jvjfcl y uf rltrkclsk; Cejrk qul fk% plrk mj`lhks lftrlfjbkrls qul hlbihks bllstj hjflrj tjf k`tusj le blslhplúk bl fulstrk nrupk y ej cjeibjb bl fulstrk trj`jok&

Le k`slrvjr su blslhplúk tl jyubjrj j sj`lr sus jvjfcls y sus flclsibjbls% sj`rês qul sl flclsitjtrj`jojr ckf cjbj ufk% lstk fk skek ls ÿtie% ls `lflgiciksk pjrj le nrupk y ls uf gjcieitjbkr pjrj tu trj`jok&

2& Njfjr fk bl`l lstjr pkr lfcihj ble blsjrrkeek bl tus jeuhfks& Lstjhks bl jculrbk qul fulstrj ej`kr surnl blej flclsibjb bl ùscjr j huy tlhprjfj lbjb j jquleeks qul rlÿfjf ejs ckfbicikfls pjrj blsjrrkeejr lstlblpkrtl bl hjflrj óptihj -tjelftk)% blsjrrkeejrek y ùscjr qul lstl eelnul j fivlels prkglsikfjels&

Blsjgkrtufjbjhlftl mlhks ckfgufbibk eks térhifks% mlhks crljbk ufj vlrbjblrj cueturj lf bkfblcrllhks qul le tjelftk k`slrvjèl ls ek hjs ihpkrtjftl% yj fk ùscjhks blsjrrkeejrek y ùscjhks mjclrfks bl

le pjrj mjclrek eelnjr j jetks fivlels skek pkr k`tlflr prlstinik pkr fulstrk ―ùlf kok‘& Tjrj slr cejrks% njfjrckhk ÿfick rlsuetjbk ojhês bl`l lstjr pkr lfcihj ble blsjrrkeek bl fulstrks birinibks% lstk ifceuyl suslnuribjb&

Ls huy ckhÿf qul pkr ùscjr hjftlflr le rithk bl uf pjrtibk fk rljeizjhks uf cjhìk pkr tlhkr j―blsckhpkflr‘ le pejftljhilftk prkpulstk% lstk ek lftilfbk j fivle prkglsikfje% yj qul fk skek sl oulnj lerlsuetjbk bl uf pjrtibk% sl oulnj hucmk biflrk& Zul lstj ckfbuctj sl rljeicl lf gut`ke `jsl ls uf nrjfbèsihklrrkr% jblhês bl lxmiìr fulstrj gjetj bl iftlrés pkr jenufks bl fulstrks jeuhfks% lsk sif hlfcikfjr qulhkstrjrèj ej gjetj bl trj`jok sk`rl jenufks bl leeks% qul fk oulnjf blìbk j qul fk eks mlhks prlpjrjbk pjrjlsl tipk bl ckhprkhisks& Trlnuftj? »Si fk plfsj`js ifceuirek% pjrj qul ek citjstl lftkfcls; »Cóhk vj j lstjrprlpjrjbk uf ounjbkr qul fufcj oulnj y pjrticipj; ―Le bèj qul rlquilrjs j lsl fiúk pjrj uf rltk ihpkrtjftl fk

lstjrê eistk puls fufcj sl prlpjró pjrj leek… hucmjs vlcls plrbilfbk% sl njfj‘

<& Eelvjr uf rlnistrk pkr lscritk ble pjrtibk& Lstk ls ÿtie pjrj bjrfks ufj iblj bl ek qul mj suclbibk lf uf pjrtibk%fks jyubj j lvjeujr le blslhplúk bl fulstrk lquipk y fks jpkrtj ifgkrhjcióf ihpkrtjftl pjrj ej prlpjrjciófbl fulstrk nrupk&

Lstk lxinl uf pkck bl biscipeifj pkr pjrtl ble lftrlfjbkr% puls ls flclsjrik mjclr jfktjcikfls burjftl lepjrtibk& Zuilf jfktó le nke% bl quilf gul ej jsistlfcij% ckhk gul ej jfktjcióf -`rlvl blscripcióf)% jsplctks jblstjcjr% jsplctks j hlokrjr% ifceusk ek qul sl vj j mjèjr je hlbik tilhpk% ltc&

7& Slr uf lolhpek pjrj tus ounjbkrls& Le prkglskr qul eelnj ckf jeilftk jeckmóeick je lftrlfjhilftk k je pjrtibk? ktje vlz% le qul rlgutj ejs bispksicikfls ble êrìtrk ckf pjej`rjs jetiskfjftls k ifceusk eelnj j eks nkepls1 lehjlstrk qul silhprl sl birinl j sus ounjbkrls k j cujequilr plrskfj usjfbk uf elfnujol sklz1 k je qul lxpuesjflf cjbj pjrtibk pkr biscutir y jufqul le cóhk ckjcm pibl j sus ounjbkrls qul sl ckhpkrtlf…& »Fk ls bl risjqul ufj plrskfj qul sl supkfl slj le eèblr y lolhpek pjrj ktrks sl ckhpkrtl bl hjflrj ckftrjrij j ek qul slsupkfl slj su rkee;

Rkbk eèblr sl ckfvilrtl lf ufj plrskfj bl ifgeulfcij% y le lftrlfjbkr% je slr uf eèblr% ifgeuyl lf ktrks%ifgeuyl lf sus ounjbkrls% lf eks pjbrls bl lstks% ifceusk lf ktrks lftrlfjbkrls& Ls ufj pksicióf huy bleicjbj si

ej plrskfj qul ej blslhplúj fk lstê ckfscilftl bl su ihpkrtjfcij& Slr lolhpek ls lskprlcisjhlftl… ―LOLHTEK‘& Plculrblf jquleej puèicibjb bl FJTCJF% ―Eks fiúks vlf% eks fiúks mjclf‘ -―Cmiebrlf sll… cmiebrlf bk‘)

>& Fk slr le prktjnkfistj ble oulnk& »Zuiéf jcjpjrj tkbj ej jtlfcióf burjftl eks oulnks; »Zuiéf ls le vlrbjblrkprktjnkfistj bl uf pjrtibk; Ej rlspulstj ls sihpel y bivlrtibj… le prktjnkfistj% le qul jcjpjrj tkbj ej jtlfciófble oulnk… fk ls ktrk hês qul le `jeóf… y quilf ek trjl k ek eelvj…

Si lstk ls cilrtk% si eks vlrbjblrks prktjnkfistjs skf eks ounjbkrls y le `jeóf… lftkfcls »Tkr qué fkslhplcifjhks eks lftrlfjbkrls j slr le clftrk bl jtlfcióf burjftl eks oulnks;

Mjy hkhlftks lf lstj jctivibjb lf qul eks pjrtibks sl ckfvilrtlf eitlrjehlftl lf ufj mknulrj blvjfibjbls lftrl eks ckjcmls& Cjbj ufk ckf su visióf% lstiek% ifceusk ckpijfbk je lftrlfjbkr prkglsikfje blehkhlftk -hkbks bl slr y bl lxprlsjrsl% pksls ifceuibjs)… lf gif tkbk uf circk bkfbl ek qul sl ùscj ls slr leclftrk bl jtlfcióf% slr rlckfkcibk ckhk le jrtègicl ble éxitk bl su nrupk… Bkfbl ―le prkgl ble lquipk‘ cjhìj j

―le lquipk ble prkgl‘ Sljhks cejrks% fk skhks le lftrlfjbkr bl ej tlel% fulstrj ej`kr ls hês ihpkrtjftl qul slr rlckfkcibks

pkr le éxitk bl ktrks% lf lstl cjsk bl fulstrks ounjbkrls… Le lftrlfjbkr ls ufj pilzjhês ble lquipk y fk ej hêsihpkrtjftl… \f nrupk bl fiúks tkhj uf `jeóf% sl krnjfizjf y sl ckfvilrtlf jutkhêticjhlftl lf ounjbkrls%plrk fk suclbl jsè ckf le ckjcm… »Zué ls uf lftrlfjbkr sif ounjbkrls;



=& Sl njfj k sl pilrbl silhprl sl sjeubj je rivje& Fk mjy hucmk qul lxpeicjr lf lstl puftk… Ifblplfbilftlhlftlble rlsuetjbk% cujequilr lquipk qul sjeubj je rivje blhulstrj cjrêctlr y su cejsl% jblhês bl hkstrjr ej cueturjblpkrtivj bl lsl lquipk&

Njfjr y plrblr% victkrij y blrrktj skf pjrtl bl cujequilr jctivibjb blpkrtivj% skf ifslpjrjèls& J tkbks fksnustj njfjr% plrk fk tkbks skpkrtjf ej ktrj pjrtl bl lstj situjcióf& Wlêhksek jsè?―ufj hkflbj ckfstj bl cjrj ycruz% si el quitêrjhks cujequilrj bl ejs bks% lstj -ej hkflbj) jutkhêticjhlftl plrblrèj su vjekr% yj qul lstjrèjifckhpeltj…‘

Flnjr pjrtls ls le lrrkr% y vlfblr lstj iblj j fulstrks jeuhfks ls plkr& @uscjr njfjr sif qulrlr plrblr lsle krinlf bl tkbks eks prkèlhjs nlflrjbks pkr ej cueturj ble éxitk -ifceuylfbk ejs trjhpjs)% y ckhk lf ejhkflbj% njfjr lstj je ktrk ejbk bl plrblr% ls blcir% vilflf lf le hishk pjqultl&

Silhprl mlhks mjèjbk bl qul lf cujequilr blpkrtl ls ihpkrtjftl ùscjr njfjr% plrk tjhìéfihpkrtjftl ls sj`lr plrblr& \f lquipk qul sl hjftilfl muhiebl lf ej victkrij y grik lf ej blrrktj fk skekhulstrj su vjeij% hulstrj ej cjeibjb ble trj`jok bl lsl lquipk y ej hjburlz bl sus iftlnrjftls…ej blrrktj tilfltjhìéf su vjekr% puls ―Skek cujfbk sl pilrbl sl sj`l lf qul sl gjeej‘ & Jsi qul blslcmjr ej blrrktj ckhk pjrtlifblsljèl bl fulstrj jctivibjb ls ej gkrhj hjs tkftj bl pkflr eihitls je blsjrrkeek bl fulstrks ounjbkrls y blpjsk je fulstrk&

Hitks y rljeibjbls ble gut`ke ifgjftie lf Héxick&

Blftrk bl fulstrj jctivibjb ckhk ifstructkrls ifgjftiels lxistlf hucmjs crllfcijs& Hitks% qul% jufqul mjf jyubjbk j bjrel gkrhjje hufbk ble blpkrtl ckf fiúks% mky lf bèj tlrhifjf silfbk tkbk hlfks jyubj& Eihitjf fulstrj plrclpcióf y blsjrrkeek prkglsikfje% y blpjsk pkflf trj`js je jprlfbizjol y blsjrrkeek bl fulstrks jeuhfks&

Hitk #:&( ―Le gut`ke ls gut`ke% fk cjhìj lf fjbj si skf jbuetks k skf fiúks‘? Jufqul lstl tipk bl plfsjhilftk gul ufjbl ejs `jsls qul krinifk tkbk lstk% ek cilrtk ls qul ls tktjehlftl lrróflj& Ifvlstinjbkrls bl ej tjeej bl Mkrst ^lif%Nustjvk Wlnjs Mjrk y ktrks hês mjf mlcmk ihpkrtjftl jpkrtjcikfls pjrj qul lstk blol bl slr ufj iblj ckfstjftl%jufqul le blpkrtl slj le hishk% sus prjcticjftls fk ek skf y cjbj lbjb rlquilrl cu`rir cilrtjs flclsibjbls% jblhês bltlflr biglrlftls prikribjbls&

Cujfbk uf lftrlfjbkr tkhj lstl hitk ckhk jxikhj% ls ckhÿf vlr qul trjtj j sus jeuhfks ckhk vlrbjblrks―ounjbkrls prkglsikfjels‘& Els mjèj ―gulrtl‘% sl els ―lxinl‘ hês jeeê bl sus pksiìeibjbls lf ùscj bl su hêxihkrlfbihilftk% usj pjej`rjs jetiskfjftls pjrj ―hktivjr‘ uf ùlf blslhplúk% eks lftrlfjhilftks lstêf cjrnjbks bljctivibjbls prkpijs bl eks jbuetks% ls blcir% sl bj blhjsijbj prikribjb j ej ‘prlpjrjcióf gèsicj‘ y tkbk ek qul lstk

ckfeelvj% sif hlfcikfjr qul tkbj jctivibjb bl prjcticj lstj lfgkcjbj j k`tlflr le rlfbihilftk flclsjrik pjrj njfjr% jcujequilr ckstk% le lfculftrk ble gif bl slhjfj&

Hitk #0&( ―Le gut`ke yj lstê ifvlftjbk‘? Si jenuilf mj tlfibk ej sulrtl bl lscucmjr lstj jslvlrjcióf% fk skek lsjgkrtufjbk pkr lscucmjrej% ls jgkrtufjbk pkr ckfkclr j uf ckjcm qul lstê ckhltilfbk suicibik prkglsikfje y bl pjskhucmks jslsifjtks blpkrtivks& Jslvlrjr lstk fk skek blhulstrj gjetj bl ckfkcihilftk y cjpjcibjb bl ej plrskfj%hulstrj su gjetj bl iftlrés pkr jprlfblr hês& Je ckhilfzk bl lstl lscritk sunlrè qul le lftrlfjbkr fk skek bl`l slr ufckfkclbkr% bl`l slr uf ifvlstinjbkr bl su hjtlrij& Lstl hitk lf pjrticuejr% ls le hês fkcivk pjrj le gut`ke y juf hêspjrj le ifgjftie% puls quilf ek usj ckhk `jsl k giekskgèj grlfj ckhpeltjhlftl su iftlrés pkr jprlfblr -»pjrj qul; si yjlstj tkbk ifvlftjbk)&

Hitk #3&( ―Ek ihpkrtjftl fk ls njfjr% ls ek ÿfick‘ ? Lstj grjsl gul usjbj ckhk puèicibjb bl ej Ckpj Ckcj Ckej lf su IWlbicióf% plrk lolhpeigicj gilehlftl ek qul ckhlftjrl j ckftifujcióf& Lf lbjbls ifgjftiels% ej flclsibjb bl njfjr sl mjvuletk k`slsióf& Lstk mj prkvkcjbk ufj nrjf cjftibjb bl prkèlhjs blftrk ble gut`ke `jsl&

Trkèlhjs tjels ckhk? Le leitishk blpkrtivk? Jctitub bl prlglrir j uf nrupk slelctk bl plrskfjs ckf fktjèls mjìeibjbls blpkrtivjs ckf

ej iftlfcióf bl tlflr le hlokr hjtlrije muhjfk bispkfièl y qul lsté pkr lfcihj ble rlstk& Lf lstj ckfbuctj skeksl ùscj j jquleeks jeuhfks qul rlÿfjf ejs cjpjcibjbls gut`keèsticjs iffjtjs hlokr ckfkcibjs ckhk tjelftk ckfej iftlfcióf bl ouftjr uf ùlf lquipk blsbl le prifcipik&

Lstj ckfbuctj pkr sè hishj fk ls hjej% cejrk% j fivle prkglsikfje& Sl ckfvilrtl lf prkèlhj cujfbk slblsjrrkeej lf fivlels huy slfsièls bl jprlfbizjol blpkrtivk% bkfbl eks ―ùlfks‘ skf rlceutjbks y eks ―hjeks‘rlcmjzjbks& Lf lbjbls ifgjftiels% pkbrèj pjrlclr qul le leitishk ls ufj gkrhj prêcticj bl gjcieitjr le blsjrrkeek bl oóvlfls blpkrtistjs% yj qul kgrlcl rlsuetjbks j ckrtk pejzk% y j vlcls ifhlbijtks& Ej rljeibjb% lstk fk ls ktrj cksjqul uf tipk bl biscrihifjcióf y ej gkrhj hês cóhkbj bl jutk tituejrsllftrlfjbkr… Fk pulbls slr ―hjek‘ si lstjs

rkbljbk bl ―ùlfks‘ &

Le Tirjtjol bl Ounjbkrls? Jccióf bl gicmjr j jenÿf ounjbkr fk ihpkrtjfbk si lstl tilfl ckhprkhisk ckf jenÿf ktrk

ceu` k lquipk% ckfvlfciéfbkek pkr hlbik bl prkhlsjs lckfóhicjs% hjtlrijels k blpkrtivjs &Lstl prkèlhj nujrbj hucmj rlejcióf ckf le jftlrikr% yj qul sl hjfloj bl hjflrj sihiejr -ouftjr j eks

―ùlfks‘ y rlcmjzjr j eks ―hjeks‘)& Ej biglrlfcij lstê lf qul eks ounjbkrls skf cjptjbks bl ktrks lquipks% fkihpkrtjfbk su situjcióf jctuje% ckfvlfciéfbkeks bl iftlnrjrsl j fulstrjs giejs& Ek ihpkrtjftl ls mjclrsl bl ejhlokr pejftieej&}



\sk bl Cjcmiruels? Le plrikbistj Jftkfik Hkrlfk ek lxprlsk jsè% ― trjtjr bl njfjr vlftjoj sk`rl eks rivjels je ifceuir

ounjbkrls hjykrls j ej lbjb plrhitibj‘ bur jftl eks pjrtibks&

Lstl prkèlhj lstê huy jrrjinjbk j fulstrj cueturj -ckhk kevibjr le ifciblftl ble ==)& Y jufqul huy lf legkfbk sj`lhks qul lstê lquivkcjbj% j cilrtks lftrlfjbkrls% su cjpjcibjb iftlelctuje fk bj pjrj hês y ej sinulfusjfbk& Jÿf ls huy ckhÿf vlr% qul lf ej `ÿsqulbj ble triufgk% uf lquipk mjnj usk bl lstj prêcticj cuyk ÿfickgif ls lvitjr ej blrrktj y gjcieitjr le triufgk& Ounjbkrls hjykrls j ej lbjb j ounjr% supejftjcióf bl ounjbkrls% ounjbkrls sif rlnistrk lftrjf lf lstj cjtlnkrèj&

Le usjr lstl hétkbk fk skek lxmi`l ej ifcjpjcibjb ble qul ek ckhltl -lftrlfjbkr)1 Tlroubicj je ―cjcmirue‘%qul je ounjr lf ufj cjtlnkrèj ―j`jok‘ eihitj su blsjrrkeek% yj qul fk oulnj ckf su lbjb y fk sl lxinl inuje% lsk sifhlfcikfjr je lquipk% qul ej k`tlflr triufgks bl lstj hjflrj fufcj sj`rê su vlrbjblrk fivle% blìbk j ej jyubj

ble -eks) ―cjcmirue-ls)‘& Lf ktrjs pjej`rjs% fks lfnjújhks fksktrks y eks lfnjújhks j leeks&

Hitk #2&( ―Le lftrlfjbkr qul hês njfj ls le qul hês lfslúj‘% ―Le lquipk qul hês pilrbl tilfl je plkr lftrlfjbkr‘ ?Lstk ls ufj crllfcij pkpuejr y uf hitk j hlbijs& Fifnufj bl ejs bks trjtj le prkèlhj ckhk ek qul ls&

Ls huy ckhÿf plfsjr qul tkbj ej rlspkfsjìeibjb ble triufgk k ej blrrktj rlcjlf lf ufj skej plrskfj% lf lstlcjsk le lftrlfjbkr& Bjrel vjeibls j lstjs jslvlrjcikfls ls uf hkbk cóhkbk jutk jgirhjcióf y bl slújejr je cmivklxpijtkrik lf turfk& Si vjhks pkr pjrtls% fk tkbk lftrlfjbkr qul njfj ls le hlokr y le hês lbucjtivk% y fk tkbk jqulenrupk qul jcuhuej blrrktj trjs blrrktj tilfl je plkr lftrlfjbkr& »Tkr qué; Sihpel% k`tlflr uf rlsuetjbk j gjvkr y lfckftrj blplfbl bl hucmks gjctkrls prkpiks -qul pkblhks hjfipuejr) y lxtlrfks -qul fk sl pulblf cjhìjr pkr hucmkqul ek iftlftlhks)&

Gjctkrls prkpiks? ej lxplrilfcij ble nrupk% ej prlpjrjcióf ble hishk y ejs blcisikfls qul sl tkhlf lf lelfculftrk -lftrlfjbkr y ounjbkrls)% ifceusk% pkblhks tkhjr lf culftj le lstjbk bl jfihk bl sus iftlnrjftls&

Gjctkrls lxtlrfks? Le ceihj% le tlrrlfk% le êrìtrk% ej pkrrj ble ktrk lquipk% ej lxplrilfcij y prlpjrjcióf ble rivje&

Mjy vlcls qul sl njfj mjcilfbk trjhpj k sl jrhjf nrupks bl hkbk leitl% ltc& lstjs ckfbicikfls skf tkbk hlfkslbucjtivjs& Blsbl lstl puftk bl vistj% ej victkrij k ej blrrktj fk ls uf hkbk gijèl bl hlbir ej utieibjb y le vjekrfutritivk bl uf lftrlfjbkr& Tjrj hlbir lsl vjekr% sl bl`lf bl tkhjr lf culftj ktrjs cjrjctlrèsticjs -qul yj hlfcikfljftlrikrhlftl)% yj qul lf lbjbls tlhprjfjs ek ihpkrtjftl fk ls njfjr silhprl y lvitjr slr blrrktjbk& Ek ihpkrtjftl

ls ek qul sl lfslúj% le cóhk sl lfslúj y ckhk sl blsjrrkeej jqule j quilf sl lfslúj&

Hitk #<&( ―Le lftrlfjbkr qul hês nritj ls pkrqul els lxinl hês j sus jeuhfks‘? Ej ihjnlf ble lftrlfjbkr cjhifjfbkgÿrick pkr ej `jfbj cuje elóf lfojuejbk% nritjfbk pkr le lrrkr ckhltibk% hkelstk pkr le hje jccikfjr bl su lquipk% lsfulstrk rlglrlftl ifckfscilftl bl uf ckjcm lxinlftl% qul fk sl ckfgkrhj ckf fjbj% y qul lxinl le hêxihk bl susbirinibks& Lf fivlels prkglsikfjels% ej ihjnlf jftlrikr lstj oustigicjbj bjbk qul ej jctivibjb birlctivj bl uf oulnk qulbl`lrèj slr eÿbick% sl ckfsiblrj yj uf trj`jok% ckf ejs hishjs pksiìeibjbls bl hjftlflrek k bl plrblrek je hlfkr lrrkrk j ej hlfkr hulstrj bl iflgicjcij&

Lf le gut`ke `jsl% mlhks trjsejbjbk lstl hitk crlylfbk qul eks nritks lstêf rlejcikfjbks ckf ej lxinlfcij bl uf

rlfbihilftk% sif vlr% qul tje vlz% lstêf hês rlejcikfjbks j ej ihpktlfcij bl fk pkblr rlskevlr ej situjcióf qul sl fksprlslftj& Ej rljeibjb ls ktrj% \f lftrlfjbkr qul nritj burjftl tkbk le pjrtibk% ls uf lftrlfjbkr qul fk mj trj`jojbk

burjftl ej slhjfj% y qul ùscj qul sus birinibks rljeiclf jccikfls qul fk mjf prjcticjbk& \fj ifbicjcióf lf vkz jetj fksl bl`l ckfgufbir ckf nritks bl blslsplrjcióf% jsi ckhk tjhìéf% fk ckfgufbir uf nritk blslsplrjbk ckf ufjifbicjcióf& Lf ktrjs pjej`rjs% nritjr k mjèjr gulrtl fk skf sifófihks bl lxinlfcij&

Hitk #7&( ―Lf le gut`ke mjclf gjetj ―mulvks‘ pjrj ounjr‘ ? Lf lstl blpkrtl% plrk lsplcègicjhlftl lf Héxickckfgufbihks ej jctitub bl ―fk rlfbirsl‘% ―bl iftlftjrek silhprl‘% bl ―tlflr cjrêctlr grlftl j ek bigècie‘% bl ―suplrjrsl‘ ckf ej lxprlsióf hjs hèfihj qul sl fks pubk mj`lr kcurribk… ―Rlflr mulvks‘… Silfbk grjfcks% lstk fk ls sifófihk blcjrêctlr y fk ls su slftibk krinifje% ls ufj lxprlsióf hlxicjfj bl tiftl hjcmistj trjtjfbk bl slr ufj lxprlsióf virie&

Rlflr cjrêctlr vj hjs jeej bl ―fk blojrsl‘% bl ―fk rlfbirsl‘ y lstê rlejcikfjbk% lf uf slftibk hjs lsplcigick% ckfej hjburlz& \f ounjbkr+lftrlfjbkr+pjbrl qul lfcjrj j ktrj plrskfj y sl eèjj nkepls -skek pkr ―fk blojrsl‘) fk hulstrjcjrêctlr% hulstrj ifhjburlz& \fj plrskfj qul sl lfkoj pkr fk k`tlflr ek qul quilrl fk hulstrj jctitub ckhpltitivj kplrglccikfistj% blhulstrj pkcj tkelrjfcij j ej grustrjcióf y su ifcjpjcibjb bl suplrjr ej situjcióf& Y jsè suclsivjhlftlpkblhks lfckftrjr hucmks lolhpeks qul lf Héxick cjtjeknjrèjhksckhk bl ―mulvks‘ qulrilfbk blhkstrjr cjrêctlr&

Si vjhks j lfslújr cjrêctlr j fulstrk jeuhfjbk mj`rlhks bl bkcuhlftjrfks hjs% bl prlpjrjrfks hjs pjrj qulfulstrk eiblrjznk slj vlrbjblrjhlftl bl ifgeulfcij y fk bl flclbjb& Tjrj lfslújr cjrêctlr prihlrk mjy qul tlflrek& Jctitub fk sl lscri`l ckf ―M‘ -mjcilfbk rlglrlfcij j uf ckelnj qul blcèj ―Jctitub sl lscri`l ckf (M(‘ /sic!)

Hitk #>&( ―Ej lfslújfzj blpkrtivj bl`l slr pejfljbj ckhk lf ej lsculej% ckf pejfls blstifjbks pjrj cjbj lbjb‘ ?Ktrk hitk j hlbijs& »Zué pjsj cujfbk fks tkcj uf nrupk bl jeuhfks blftrk bl fulstrk lquipk qul yj mj suplrjbk leprknrjhj; K »qul sus flclsibjbls vjf blejftl bl ejs ckfsiblrjbjs pjrj su lbjb;&&& »Eks prkhkvlhks j uf lquipkhjykr; K tje vlz% ckfsiblrjfbk le tjelftk qul hulstrjf »sl els bj ktrk trjtk;

Rkbjs ejs jftlrikrls prlnuftjs kgrlclf rlspulstjs j hlbijs& Sj`lhks qul cjbj lbjb tilfl bistiftjs flclsibjblsqul mjy qul cu`rir% y lsl ls tje vlz le lrrkr% le fk ckfsiblrjr ej pksiìeibjb bl cu`rir lsjs flclsibjbls bl hjflrjprlhjturj pkr ufk k pkr vjriks jeuhfks& Crlk qul ej skeucióf ls ej bl rlspltjr ejs flclsibjbls bl cjbj lbjb% jblhêsbl rlspltjr ejs flclsibjbls bl cjbj jeuhfk& Ckf lstk fk skek eknrjrlhks jyubjr j fulstrk nrupk% jyubjrlhks tjhìéf

j cjbj jteltj j fulstrk cjrnk -rlckrblhks qul tkbks skf biglrlftls% rljccikfjf blglrlftl y jprlfblf j biglrlftlsrithks)& Eks pejfls y prknrjhjs bl`lf slr ej `jsl y fk uf clrck qul fk plrhitj hkvlrsl… skf fiúks% fk njfjbk&

Hitk #=&( ―Hi miok tilfl qul sj`lr ek qul ls njfjr pkrqul jsè jprlfblrê j slr lxitksk y fk sl vkevlrê uf hlbikcrl‘

-sic)? Lstl ÿetihk hitk gkrhj pjrtl ble -ckhk hlfcikfk C& N& Oufn) ifckfscilftl ckelctivk& Lstj grjsl lolhpeigicj lf nrjfhlbibj le hilbk irrjcikfje qul rlejcikfj j ej blrrktj ckhk sifófihk bl grjcjsk y ej `ÿsqulbj lfglrhizj bl ej victkrij



ckhk sifófihk bl éxitk& Fjbj hês jelojbk bl ej rljeibjb… Le njfjr silhprl fk njrjftizj le éxitk plrskfje lf le guturk% yhucmk hlfks% ufj slril bl grjcjsks junurj uf pkrvlfir kscurk suhibk lf ej hlbikcribjb&

Mjy ufj crllfcij pkpuejr bl qul si k`tilfls ek qul quilrls slrês gleiz% lf tkbk cjsk fk ls le éxitk ek qul slplrsinul lf lstj jslvlrjcióf% sifk le slftihilftk bl gleicibjb qul sl k`tilfl cujfbk sl eknrj ek qul sl quilrl& Lf ckftrjpjrtl% sl muyl ble slftihilftk bl blsjsksilnk qul surnl bl fk k`tlflr ek qul sl ùscj&

Crllr qul le éxitk+grjcjsk ckftifuk njrjftizj le éxitk+grjcjsk guturk% ls ufj gkrhj sihpeistj bl lxpeicjr su krinlf&Y lstks blplfblf bl hucmks gjctkrls% tjels ckhk? prlpjrjcióf% biscipeifj% lsgulrzk% ckfstjfcij% lxplrilfcij% cjrêctlr ykpkrtufibjb& Y fulstrks jeuhfks tilflf hucmk tilhpk pkr blejftl pjrj jprlfblr y ckhprlfblr lstks lelhlftks%tilhpk qul lstjrê eelfk bl iffuhlrjèls éxitks y grjcjsks% lvitjr qul eks lxplrihlftlf ls uf nrjf lrrkr -rlculrblf ejhkflbj)& Jsè qul ls ihpkrtjftl blslcmjr lstl hitk pkr `lflgicik bl fulstrk trj`jok% plrk prifcipjehlftl lf `lflgicik

bl fulstrk nrupk -pjbrls+jeuhfks)&

Hitk #9&( ―Ejs fiújs% pkr slr fiújs% skf hês béìels qul eks fiúks% pkr lsk bl`lf bl pjrticipjr lf ufj lbjb ifglrikr‘

-sic)? Lstj ls ktrj crllfcij qul sl `jsj lf le plfsjhilftk hjcmistj bl fulstrk pjès% bkfbl ejs huolrls ejs slnuihksckfsiblrjfbk le slxk béìe& Crllhks qul pkr slr huolrls ejs fiújs fk lstjrêf j ej jeturj bl cujequilr fiúk bl su lbjbpkr slr hjs ―béìels‘& Lstk% ls ufj ckhpeltj gjejcij sif gufbjhlftk% qul ejhlftjèlhlftl ls blglfbibj pkr ej hjykrèjbl ejs jskcijcikfls bl fulstrk pjès&

Ej rljeibjb ls qul lstk ls ek ckftrjrik% blsbl mjcl hucmk tilhpk sl sj`l qul ejs fiújs j lbjbls tlhprjfjs slblsjrrkeejf hjs rêpibk qul eks fiúks& Bl tje hkbk qul eks qul sl lfculftrjf lf blsvlftjoj skf leeks y fk leejs& Y si j lskel suhjhks qul pjrticiplf lf ufj lbjb ifglrikr… puls ej cksj sl ckhpeicj& Fk skek fk lstêf lf inujebjb bl ckfbicikfls%eelnjf j slr hjs gulrtls% hjs vlekcls y jprlfblf huy rêpibk qul ej cjtlnkrèj lf culstióf& Lf pkcjs pjej`rjs% lstjhksjuspicijfbk ej prêcticj bl ―cjcmiruels‘ je hjrnlf ble blsjrrkeek bl fulstrks jeuhfDs y bl uf rlnejhlftk% blìbk j ufjcrllfcij% jctujehlftl% vjcèj&

Lstj tjf jrrjinjbj lstj ―ckstuh`rl‘ qul ls huy ckhÿf qul ifceusk pjrticiplf jsè lf cjhplkfjtks lstjtjels yfjcikfjels& Lstj crllfcij yj mj sibk suplrjbj lf ktrks pjèsls -Lspjúj pkr lolhpek) bkfbl ejs fiújs pjrticipjf ckf fiúksbl su lbjb y sl slpjrjf lf vjrkfie y glhlfie blspués bl eks :0 júks% lbjb bkfbl sl hjfigilstjf eks cjrjctlrls slxujelsslcufbjriks& \f birlctivk bl ufj einj bl gut`ke% je bl`jtirel sk`rl lstj prêcticj hl sketó lstl jrnuhlftk j hjflrj blblglfsj? ―Ejs fiújs silhprl mjf ounjbk jsè% y ls ufj trjbicióf‘&

― Hucmks sinulf ejs trjbicikfls% plrk rljehlftl fk sj`lf bl bófbl prkclblf fi j qué sl bl`lf& Ml

jmè ej hulstrj bl ej infkrjfcij& Le qul vivl bl trjbicikfls… ojhês prknrlsj&‘

Eks hitks skf lsk% sihpels crllfcijs% culstikfjrejs y suplrjrejs supkfl uf vlrbjblrk puftk bl ifgelxióf qul fks jyubl j cjhìjr leruh`k qul mjstj jmkrj eelvj le gut`ke `jsl lf fulstrk pjès& Hjftlflr vivjs lstjs crllfcijs ckhk si gulrjf trjbicikfls ls le lrrkr& Tuls

lstjrlhks% ckhk biok Lifstlif ckf su blgificióf bl ekcurj% ―Mjcilfbk silhprl ek hishk lsplrjfbk rlsuetjbks biglrlftls‘ &

Jetk Plfbihilftk… »Wlrbjb k prkbuctk puèicitjrik;

Bl uf tilhpk j ej glcmj sl mj bjbk ufj cjhpjúj qul yk eejhk ―ufk hjs qul tu‘& Lstj cjhpjúj ckfsistl lf kgrlclr fulstrk slrvicikjckhpjújbk ble fkh`rl bl jenÿf hétkbk% bl jenÿf jcrófihk% bl jenÿf jsplctk lxtrj% k bl jenk qul prkhltj uf hlokr slrvicik% lf gif%ufj vlftjoj sk`rl eks blhês ―ckhpltibkrls‘& Bl tje gkrhj qul ls huy ckhÿf vlr le fkh`rl bl ej ifstitucióf jckhpjújbj bl cujequilrjsplctk jftls hlfcikfjbk% k bl ckjcmls qul jslnurjf ej jpeicjcióf bl uf hétkbk lsplcigick% k bl uf hkbk ―prkglsikfje‘&

Le puftk hjs jetk bl lstj ckrrilftl ek hjrck le tituek bl ―Jetk Plfbihilftk‘& Ckhk ufj gkrhj blgifitivj bl cjptjr hjs ceilftls qulùscjf jenk hjs pjrj sus mioks& Ej rljeibjb ls qul fk skek cjptjf lsl tipk bl ceilftls% cjptjf tjhìéf j jquleeks qul fk tilflf ejshèfihj iblj bl ek qul sinfigicj tje ckfclptk% eelnjf% skek pkrqul sl kyl huy ―¡^kw*‘% y jufqul bulej blcirek% je hjrnlf bl ejs ùlfjsifstitucikfls qul lglctivjhlftl kgrlclf tje slrvicik% jenufjs k bivlrsks nrupks ek utieizjf hjs pjrj cjptjr j eks ÿetihks -eks qul fksj`lf)…

Silfbk mkflstks% le Jetk Plfbihilftk fk ls jenk lxtrj k uf slrvicik peus% ls uf hkbk bl trj`jok qul rlspltj le blsjrrkeek yflclsibjbls bl uf jteltj bl jetj ckhpltlfcij -qul mj blsjrrkeejbk cjpjcibjbls pjrj leek)% y fk ckhk sl prltlfbl vlfblr -qulblsjrrkeejrj lsjs cjpjcibjbls pkr lftrlfjr pjrj ej jetj ckhpltlfcij)& Crlk qul ej psicóeknj Tjrhj Jrjnóf ek lxprlsk huy ìlf? Le Jetk

rlfbihilftk lf lbjbls ifgjftiels fk ls ktrj cksj qul rlspltjr le fivle bl blsjrrkeek bl cjbj jeuhfk y bjrel j cjbj lbjb ek qul

rljehlftl flclsitj&

Bl jculrbk j ek jftlrikr% le Jetk Plfbihilftk fk ls uf peus% ls le hkbk lf qul sl tilfl qul trj`jojr… fihês fi hlfks& Wlfblr lstkckhk prkbuctk lxtrj ls ufj gjetj bl rlspltk j ej iftleinlfcij bl eks qul sj`lf% j ej infkrjfcij bl eks qul fk sj`lf% y j fulstrj jctivibjbhishj% pkr tlflr qul puèicitjr fulstrk trj`jok bl lstj hjflrj lf eunjr bl pkflrfks j trj`jojr& Ej puèicibjb… ls pjrj vlfblr

rlgrlscks&



\f pkck bl tlkrèj?

Lf pêrrjgks jftlrikrls ckhlftl qul le lftrlfjbkr bl`l jprlfblr j culstikfjr ek qul crll sj`lr y vkevlrsl uf ifvlstinjbkr bl suhjtlrij& Tuls ìlf% ls ihpkrtjftl lhplzjr pkr tópicks yj ckfkcibks ble lftrlfjhilftk lf gut`ke% Ej técficj% ej têcticj% y sistlhjs bl oulnk& Fk hlfcikfl ej cjpjcibjb gèsicj puls lsj pulbl trj`jojrsl hjflojfbk ej iftlfsibjb y le vkeuhlf blftrk bl fulstrks ckftlfibksbl trj`jok&

Ej tlcficj y su lfslújfzj

Blgificikf bl tlcficj? Ej técficj ls le prkclbihilftk k le ckfouftk bl prkclbihilftks qul tilflf ckhk kòltivk k`tlflr ufrlsuetjbk bltlrhifjbk% yj slj lf le cjhpk bl ej cilfcij% bl ej tlcfkeknèj% bl ejs jrtlsjfèjs k lf ktrj jctivibjb&

Le tlrhifk ―tlcficj‘ blftrk ble gut`ke lstj hje lfcjusjbk% eks lftrlfjbkrls prlgilrlf lfnek`jr lf uf skek tlrhifk je ckfouftk bljccikfls qul plrhitjf le hjflok jblcujbk ble `jekf lvitjfbk uf njstk iflclsjrik bl lflrnij&

Ej tlcficj k tlcficjs ble hjflok ble `jekf fk bl`lrijf jprlfblrsl k iftlftjr lfslújrsl bl hjflrj jisejbj% ls blcir% slpjrjr pjrtlsckhk si bl uf puzzel sl trjtjrj% iftlftjfbk blspuls ―ouftjr‘ tkbjs ejs pilzjs y ―jrhjr‘ uf gut`keistj&

Slnÿf hi lxplrilfcij% ej hlokr hjflrj bl krilftjr le jprlfbizjol bl ej tlcficj ls lf `jsl j oulnks& Eks cujels mjf sibkjtifjbjhlftl eejhjbks? Oulnks sihpeigicjbks -shjee siblb njhls)& Ek cuje lstj ckhprk`jbk qul gufcikfjf…

Ej Rjcticj y su lfslújfzj&

Blgificikfls bl Rjcticj? slnÿf ej wiaiplbij% lf tlrhifks nlflrjels ufj tjcticj ls ―uf hltkbk lhpeljbk ckf le gif bl ckfslnuir ufkòltivk‘& Krinifjehlftl% lf le êhìtk hieitjr sl lftilfbl ckhk têcticj j ufj jccióf k hétkbk lhpeljbk pjrj eknrjr lfgrlftjrsl je

lflhink ckf éxitk lf `jtjeej& Lf le gut`ke sl ckfkcl ckhk le krblf lf le qul bispkflhks j eks ounjbkrls blftrk bl uf cjhpk&

Ej lfslújfzj bl ej tjcticj supkfl ufj bigicuetjb tjf lelvjbj qul skek -ckhk blcij Bjrwif) eks hjs jptks sk`rlvivlf& \fj bl ejsbigicuetjbls hjs hjrcjbjs ls le elfnujol blhjsijbk ―tlcfick‘% prkpicijbk pkr ej gjetj bl cjpjcibjb lf ej trjfshisikf bl ckfclptks bl ekslftrlfjbkrls y tlcficks lsplcijeizjbks lf su hjtlrij& Yj qul fk eknrjf jsihiejr bicmk ckfkcihilftk y prlgilrlf trjfshitirek tje cuje j sujeuhfjbk% `jok le prltlxtk bl qul ―jsi skf eks ckfclptks y fk tilfl fjbj bl hjek qul jsi ek jprlfbjf‘&

Sistlhjs bl oulnk y su jpeicjcióf lf gut`ke `jsl

Lf lstl blpkrtl ckhk lf cujequilr blpkrtl ckelctivk ufk bl eks jtrjctivks prifcipjels skf ejs tjcticjs y ejs lstrjtlnijs -sistlhj bl oulnk) qul lhpeljf eks lquipks prkglsikfjels pjrj ùscjr slhjfj j slhjfj mjclrsl ckf le rlsuetjbk ble pjrtibk lf turfk& Ls pkr blhjs

lftlfblr qul skf ufj pjrtl gufbjhlftje bl lstl oulnk& Sif lh`jrnk% surnlf prkèlhjs je qulrlr jpeicjr bicmjs ibljs lf le jhìlftlgut`keistick ifgjftie% ²»Tkr qué; @ulfk ej rlspulstj ls huy slfcieej% je ―`jojr‘ bicmjs ibljs y ckfclptks ble jhìlftl prkglsikfje jejhjtlur sl fks kevibk jqule ckfclptk qul tjhìlf gkrhj pjrtl bl eks sistlhjs bl oulnk ―Ejs tjcticjs y ejs lstrjtlnijs blplfblf bl ejs

cjpjcibjbls bl eks ounjbkrls qul ejs pkflf lf prjcticj& EKS SISRLHJS SL JPHJF BL JC\LPBK J EKS G\R@KEISRJS Y FK JE PLWLS‘

Bl tje gkrhj tlflhks% blsbl lstl puftk bl vistj uf k`stjcuek ifgrjfquljèl blsbl le jhìlftl bl ufj lsculej bl gut`ke% (j hlfkscejrk qul fks mjnjhks bl ufj pejftieej bl ounjbkrls jckrbl j fulstrj iblj bl oulnk(& Lf cuyk cjsk% tlflhks trls kpcikfls?

:) \tieizjr lf cjbj lfculftrk j eks ounjbkrls qul rlufjf ejs ckfbicikfls ibkfljs k clrcjfjs j fulstrk iblje bl oulnk& Bl tjehjflrj qul silhprl ounjrjf eks hishks y bl ej hishj gkrhj& Le oulnk sl sihpeigicj y ejs pksiìeibjbls blrrktj sl vkevlrjfhifihjs& Lstj kpcikf ls ej plkr pjrj le gut`ke `jsl y ls ej hjs usjbj&

0) Ibljr uf sistlhj bl oulnk jckrbl j ejs cjrjctlristicjs bl fulstrks jeuhfks% tkhjfbk lf culftj cjpjcibjbls y blgicilfcijs& Ckflstk cuhpeirlhks pjrcijehlftl ek qul Sjftijnk Ckcj hlfcikfj lf su ei`rk ―Mkh`rls pjrj le Gut`ke‘?Ckfkclr j Rkbks&

3) K Rje vlz crljr ek qul yk eejhk uf ―fk sistlhj‘% le cuje ls ej pksturj bkfbl le pejftljhilftk ble lfculftrk sl pejflj bljculrbk j ejs cjpjcibjbls y blgicilfcijs bl eks ounjbkrls bispkfièls lf lsl hkhlftk -eks prihlrk :: ounjbkrls ificijf)& Ekcuje sl joustj hjs je jhìlftl ble gut`ke bl lsculej% puls ls huy grlculftl qul silhprl mjnj gjetj k eelnul tjrbl jenuf ounjbkr k ounjbkrls qul lrjf ihpkrtjftls pjrj fulstrk pejf bl oulnk& Jblhjs% burjftl eks lftrlfjhilftks eks ckftlfibkslstjf hjs lfgkcjbks j futirir je ounjbkr bl biglrlftls situjcikfls y pksiìeibjbls% y fk skek j rlpltir uf pjtrkf qul bl`lrjjsihiejrsl y jpeicjrsl ckhk uf nuikf burjftl eks lfculftrks& Lf lstj kpcikf sl cuhpel je :44,? Sj`lr bl Rkbk y Ckfkclr j

Rkbks

Bl ejs trls kpcikfls jftlrikrls yk plrskfjehlftl rlckhilfbk ej tlrclrj kpcikf% fk skek jprlfblf tus jeuhfks j jbjptjrsl%jprlfbl tjhìlf le lftrlfjbkr j mjclrek& Y ls huy nrjciksk -irkfick) qul le ckjcm quilrj qul sus ounjbkrls pilfslf y sl jbjptlf j ejssitujcikfls cjhìjftls ble oulnk% cujfbk lf prihlr eunjr le qul bl`l plfsjr y jbjptjrsl ls le& Ejs vlftjojs skf hucmjs y hifihjs ejsblsvlftjojs?

Le ―fk sistlhj‘ ckhk sistlhj bl trj`jok Wlftjojs Blsvlftjojs

:&( Le ounjbkr jprlfbl j jbjptjrsl j ejs circufstjfcijs&0&( Le jeuhfk jprlfbl j ounjr lf hjs bl ufj pksicikf&3&( Fk oulnjf silhprl eks hishks% ek qul gjvkrlcl ejpjrticipjcikf lglctivj&

:&( Ej curvj bl jbjptjcikf ls bl hlbijfk pejzk0&( Tkr ek hishk% eks ckfclptks tjcticks skf uf pkckhjs tjrbjbks lf jsihiejr&3&( Sl jrrilsnjf rlsuetjbks lf uf ificik -pkr ej rlnej bl



2&( Le lftrlfjbkr jprlfbl j jbjptjrsl y j vlr fulvjspksiìeibjbls&<&( lf `jsl j ek jftlrikr yj fk skek pilfsj lf sjcjr lerlsuetjbk% sifk lf prkvllr bl lxplrilfcijs bl oulnk qulgjvkrlzcjf uf jprlfbizjol sinfigicjtivk y burjblrk&7&( Ej rlnej bl eks prihlrks :: gjvkrlcl j ej biscipeifj% ylf ckhìfjcikf ckf ificijr skek eks qul jsitilrkf jlftrlfjr% ls uf ùlf hltkbk bl lbucjr je ounjbkr&>&( Je fk tlflr uf ―sistlhj‘ pulbl usjrsl cjsi cujequilrjetlrfjtivj bl oulnk bispkfièl -pkr le lftrlfjbkr y pkr

eks ounjbkrls)&=&( Gjvkrlcl ej iftleinlfcij bl oulnk lf eks ounjbkrls jeckfkclr hjs pksiìeibjbls&9& Le fk tlflr sistlhj fk hlrhj ej cjpjcibjb guturj bliftlnrjrsl lf ufk% je ckftrjrik% je pksllr le ounjbkr ufùjf `jnjol bl lxplrilfcijs% su jbjptjcikf j cujequilriblj bl oulnk lstj jslnurjbj&:4&( Plspltj le ejs biglrlfcijs y blsjrrkeek ifbivibujecjbj ounjbkr&::&( Tkr ek tjftk% ej blslrcikf bl ounjbkrls sl vlrjrlbucibj je fk sugrir ej prlsikf bl fk slr utiels j ufsistlhj&:0&( Je gifje% le ounjbkr sl bjptj j cujequilr lstiek bltrj`jok -cujfbk mjy cjhìk bl ckjcm)

eks prihlrks ::)&2&( Tulbl mj`lr blslsplrjcikf pkr ej k`tlfcikf blrlsuetjbks pkr pjrtl bl pjbrls bl gjhieij y birlctivks&<&( Sl lstj lf hjrcjbj blsvlftjoj bl ificik grlftl jktrks lquipks qul trj`jojf uf sistlhj k qul hjflojfcilrtk krblf& Su burjcikf ckhk biol% ls bl hlbijfkpejzk&

Rrj`jojr uf sistlhj fk ls ble tkbk hjek% ek lquivkcjbk ls qulrlr jpeicjrek j ckfcilfcij lf ltjpjs tjf slfsièls bkfbl ek ihpkrtjftlls futrir je ounjbkr bl lxplrilfcijs qul gjcieitlf su jprlfbizjol y le pjsk je sinuliftl fivle& \fk bl eks piejrls bl hi giekskgij bllftrlfjhilftk ls ―qul fk ̀ jtjeel le sinuilftl lftrlfjbkr‘&

Tjrj rlckrbjr?

Cujfbk uf lftrlfjbkr bl fiúks sl k`slsikfj ckf eks tjelftks% eks

pjrjbks bl lquipk% eks sistlhjs bl oulnk y ejs lstrjtlnijs… lf lsl

hkhlftk ckhlfzjrjf j sk`rjrel -lstkr`jr lf su lquipk) ounjbkrls&



Jctivibjbls qul sl pulblf blsjrrkeejr burjftl uf lftrlfjhilftk?

Bifêhicj lf lstjcikfls bl trj`jok -Lfgkcjbj je gÿt`ke `jsl)&

Lstjs surnlf bl ej flclsibjb bl pkblr trj`jojr ckf nrupks fuhlrksks rlbucilfbk ej cjftibjb bl jeuhfks je rlpjrtirlf nrupks hês plqulúks& J sj`lr qul bl lstl hkbk pulbl bjrsl ufj jtlfcióf hjs plrskfjeizjbj% le prkglskr pkbrêjprlcijr hjs gêciehlftl eks ckfclptks y kòltivks qul sl plrsinulf ckf ej jctivibjb j blslhplújr% pkr fk blcir qultjhìéf mjy ufj hlokrj lf ej pjrticipjcióf lglctivj ble jeuhfk&

0 Lstjcikfls

Cjftibjb bl lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? 0 j 3Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? :4 ounjbkrls+lstjciófCjftibjb Hêxihj? 0= Ounjbkrls -:2 oun&+Lstjcióf)

Blsjrrkeek? Bl jculrbk je prknrjhj ble bèj% bks bl ekslftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls rljeizjrjf ej jctivibjbblsinfjbj lf su zkfj bl trj`jok% burjftl lsl tilhpk lelftrlfjbkr j cjrnk -si ls qul mjy) suplrvisjrj leblslhplúk bl eks jeuhfks% ckrrlnirê si ls flclsjrik% liftlrcjhìjrj kpifikfls ckf eks hkfitkrls&

Jctivibjbls sunlribjs? Oulnks sihpeigicjbks -lo& ―Onk& Bl 0< pjsls‘1 ―Nke j 3 pjsls‘)1 Hifi(pjrtibks ckf hkbigicjcióf j ejsrlnejs -―Gut(Nke Jhlricjfk‘% ―Gut(Mkcaly‘1 ―Tkrtlrèjs Gulrj‘1 ―Bkèl Hltj‘1 ―Nke ckf cjusj‘1 ―Sêcjtl bl jquè‘1 ―@jeófFulvk‘)1 trj`joks bl tlcfigicjcióf -bispjrks j ej pulrtj)1 Jsplctks `êsicks Gèsicks(técficks -lfgrlftjhilftks)1 Blsjrrkeek blej têcticj `êsicj -Blgs& vs& Jtjc&)

3 Lstjcikfls

Cjftibjb bl lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? 3Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? :4 ounjbkrls+lstjciófCjftibjb Hêxihj? 37 Ounjbkrls -:0 oun&+Lstjcióf)

Blsjrrkeek? Cjbj lftrlfjbkr+juxieijr+hkfitkr blsjrrkeejrjburjftl uf tilhpk bltlrhifjbk ufj tjrlj jsinfjbj ckf ufnrupk ―x‘ bl jeuhfks& Je tlrhifk bl lsl tilhpk -3’ (<’ jprkx&)cjbj nrupk sl cjhìjrj bl lstjcióf&

Jctivibjbls sunlribjs? Oulnks sihpeigicjbks -lo& ―Njtk‘1 ―Plybl Plyls‘1 ―Cjficjs‘)1 Hifi(pjrtibks ckf hkbigicjcióf j ejsrlnejs -eks qul sl hlfcikfjrkf jftlrikrhlftl y qullsplcigicjrlhks hjs jblejftl)1 trj`joks bl tlcfigicjcióf-bispjrks j ej pulrtj)1 Jsplctks `êsicks bl Gèsick(técficks-lfgrlftjhilftks)& Rkbk ek jftlrikr blplfbilfbk bl ej cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls y bl ek qul sl prltlfbj trj`jojr&

Circuitks

Sl ckfkclf bl lstj hjflrj j tkbjs jquleejs jctivibjbls qul hjflojf 0 k hjs hkvihilftks lf slculfcij% ùscjfbk ej hlokrj bl ejgulrzj% ej rlsistlfcij% ej ckkrbifjcióf nlflrje -técficj ckrpkrje) l ifceusivl ej técficj -ckf y sif `jeóf)&

Ej lstructurj bl uf circuitk `êsick ckfstj bl uf hkvihilftk prlpjrjtkrik% slnuibk ble hkvihilftk prifcipje% prlpjrjcióf bl ejrlcuplrjcióf y rlcuplrjcióf& Tjrj pkstlrikrhlftl rlificijr le rlckrribk&

Lolhpeks?

Hkv& Trlpjrjtkrik Hkv& Trifcipje Trlp& Plcuplrjcióf

Plcuplrjcióf

Lolhpek : Circuitk sihpel y sus ckhpkflftls



Eks circuitks skf ufj ùlfj mlrrjhilftj pjrj blsjrrkeejr ejs cjpjcibjbls ckfbicikfjels& Lf lbjbls tlhprjfjsutieizjrlhks lstjs bifjhicjs -skek ejs sihpels) pjrj le blsjrrkeek bl ejs cjpjcibjbls psick hktricls ble fiúk -cjhifjr%

ckrrlr% rkbjr% sjetjr% jrrjstrjrsl% ltc) sihpels y ckhpelojs&

Fktj? Lf hi kpifikf% eks hje eejhjbks circuitks gisick tlcficks skf ufj nrjf plrbibj bl tilhpk% pkrqul hlcjfizjf ek qul slsupkfl ls vjrijèl blftrk ble oulnk… sl vlf `kfitks% fjbj hjs… y hucmks prkglskrls jùsjf bl leeks ckf le prltlxtk blrljeizjr ufj prlpjrjcikf hjs ckhpeltj&

―Shjee Siblb Njhls‘ k Oulnks Sihpeigicjbks y Tjrtibks ckf Hkbigicjcikf j ejs Plnejs

Sl ckfkclf bl lstj hjflrj j tkbjs jquleejs jctivibjbls lf lftrlfjhilftk bkfbl ek prifcipje slj le ckftjctk ble jeuhfk ckfsitujcikfls ckhufls ble oulnk& Surnlf lf uf jgjf pkr jisejr lstks lelhlftks cktibijfks ble oulnk y prlslftjrek lf gkrhj bl O\LNK&Lstks oulnks sl rljeizjf ckf uf fuhlrk rlbucibk bl pjrticipjftls% lf lspjciks jbjptjbks j ej jctivibjb% gjvkrlcilfbk ufj hlokrj lf ejpjrticipjcikf ble jeuhfk% yj qul lstj lf ckfstjftl ckftjctk ckf le `jekf% jsi ckhk tjhìlf lf ej ckhprlfsikf bl ckfcl ptks -blìbk j ejsihpel bl su prlslftjcikf)&

eks Tjrtibks ckf Hkbigicjcikf j ejs Plnejs

Lstks oulnks sl pulblf vjrijr lf gufcikf bl ej hkbigicjcikf bl eks Gjctkrls Lstructurjels/ ble oulnk -F\HLPK BL O\NJBKPLS%LSTJCIK1 RILHTK Y PLNEJHLFRK1 GJCRKP LSRPJRLNICK1 GJCRKP RLCFICK(RJCRICK1 CKH\FICJCIÓF HKRPI_)1 Hjtlrijels -CEJPIBJBTLPCLTRIWJ1 GJCIEIRJCIKF BL K@OLRIWKS) y Ckfclptks -CKFKCIHILFRKS FLCLSJPIKS TJPJ PLJEI_JP Y CKHTPLFBLP EJSJCRIWIBJBLS)&

―Oulnks Rjcticks hlfkrls‘

Sl els eejhj jsi j tkbjs jquleejs jctivibjbls% prlglrlftlhlftl oulnks k hifi pjrtibks% bkfbl le kòltivk slj le jisejr k hkstrjrbltjeels bl cjrêctlr tjctick bl ufj hjflrj hjs sihpel y gjcie bl jsihiejr& Surnlf bl ej flclsibjb bl ificijr j fiúks lf lbjbls tlhprjfjsy okvlfls prifcipijftls lf le jprlfbizjol tjctick y lstrjtlnick% blìbk j ej bigicuetjb qul supkfl ej lfslújfzj bl ckfclptks eks cujels

silhprl skf blhjsijbk ―tlcficks‘&

Lolhpek 0 Circuitk pkr lstjcikfls Lolhpek 3 Circuitk gèsick+técfick



Ckftlfibks pjrj le lftrlfjhilftk…&



Zuitlfel ej ckej je zkrrk?

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :( 0Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? :4 ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb Hjxihj? :2 ounjbkrlsLbjbls lf ejs qul sl pulbl jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 k sifeihitjr% cjsjcjs -:+oun&)Kòltivks j trj`jojr?

Hkvihilftk nlflrje ble culrpk

Zul le jeuhfk blsjrrkeel rljccikf jftl lstihueks visujels& Zul le jeuhfk blsjrrkeel ej ckfscilfcij bl su lspjcik&

Trlpjrjcikf pjrj le blsjrrkeek bl ej prktlccikf bl `jekf&Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Ckkrbifjcikf lspjcik(tilhpk

Juhlftk bl ej vlekcibjb bl rljccikf Juhlftk bl ej ckkrbifjcikf -nirk)&

Lquiei`rikBlsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k circuek clftrje) k sif bleihitjr% eks ounjbkrls trjtjrjf bl quitjrel ej cjsjcj qul ktrkstilflf lf ej cifturj& Skek pulbl quitjr cjsjcjs si le hjftilfl ej suyj& Ounjbkr qul el quitlf ej cjsjcj sjel ble oulnk& Skek pulbl qulbjrufk&K`slrvjcikfls? Lstj jctivibjb je slr tjf sihpel pulbl slr utieizjbj ckhk cjelftjhilftk k prlpjrjcikf bl ktrjs jctivibjbls& Lf lbjblshuy tlhprjfjs -2(<) ls rlckhlfbjèl usjrej prihlrk ckhk oulnk rlcrljtivk -sif leihifjcikf) puls ejs cjpjcibjbls bl lsj ltjpj fk

plrhitl trj`jojrsl tje ckhk lstj krilftjbk -tlcficj bl prktlccikf bl `jekf)&

―Ckfnlejbks‘?

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :( 0Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? =( :4 ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb Hjxihj? := ounjbkrlsLbjbls lf ejs qul sl pulbl jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 k sif eihitjr%cjsjcjs -kpcikfje)Kòltivks j trj`jojr?

Hkvihilftk nlflrje ble culrpk Zul le jeuhfk blsjrrkeel rljccikf jftl lstihueks visujels&

Zul le jeuhfk blsjrrkeel ej ckfscilfcij bl su lspjcik&Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Ckkrbifjcikf lspjcik(tilhpk Juhlftk bl ej vlekcibjb bl rljccikf

Juhlftk bl ej ckkrbifjcikf nrje& Lquiei`rik

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k circuek clftrje) k sif bleihitjr% : k 0 ounjbkrlstrjtjrjf ―ckfnlejr‘ tkcjfbkeks -kjrrkojfbkels ufj cjsjcj)& Rkbk ounjbkr ckfnlejbk bl`lrj qulbjrsl quiltk ckf ejs hjfks jtrês y ejs pilrfjs jìlrtjs% y pulbl slr―blsckfnlejbk‘ si jenuf ktrk ounjbkr pjsj pkr lftrl sus pilrfjs& Rkbk ounjbkr qul lstl bl`jok bl uf ckfnlejbk lstjrj j sjevkbl eksckfnlejbkrls& Le oulnk tlrhifj cujfbk mjyjf sibk ckfnlejbks tkbks eks ounjbkrls k cujfbk trjfscurrj cilrtk tilhpk&K`slrvjcikfls? Lstj jctivibjb je slr tjf sihpel pulbl slr utieizjbj ckhk cjelftjhilftk k prlpjrjcikf bl ktrjs jctivibjbls& Lf lbjblshuy tlhprjfjs -2(<) ls huy rlckhlfbjèl&



―Bkhifjbjs‘ -―tkquls‘)?

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :( 0Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? (( ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb Hjxihj? (( ounjbkrlsLbjbls lf ejs qul sl pulbl jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 k sif eihitjr%`jekfls -:+oun&)Kòltivks j trj`jojr?

Hkvihilftk nlflrje ble culrpk lf rljecikf je `jekf&

Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr? Ckfkcilhiltk ble culrpk Ificijcikf j ej tlcficj je iblftigicjr ejs biglrlftls splrgicils bl

ckftjctk&

Rlcficj `jsicj% nkeplk y ckftrke& Jhlftk bl ej ckkrbifjcikf kok+pil% ltc& Juhlftk bl ej ckkrbifjcikf lf nlflrje&

Lquiei`rikBlsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k circuek clftrje) k sifbleihitjr% eks ounjbkrls trjtjrjf bl tkcjr le `jekf ckf bistiftjs pjrtls bleculrpk& Iftlftjfbk utieizjr ek hlfks pksièl ejs hjfks&K`slrvjcikfls? Lstj jctivibjb je slr tjf sihpel pulbl slr utieizjbj ckhk cjelftjhilftk k prlpjrjcikf bl ktrjs jctivibjbls& Lf lbjblshuy tlhprjfjs -2(<) fk ls rlckhlfbjèl usjrej ckhk ―bkhifik‘ puls ejs cjpjcibjbls bl lsj ltjpj fk plrhitl trj`jojrsl tje cuje% lf

lstj situjcikf le oulnk k lolrcicik sl eejhjrj ―tkcjhks le `jekf skek ckf&&‘ plrhitilfbk je fiúk lxplrihlftjr ckf biglrlftls suplrgicils blckftjctk -ckfkcihilftk bl su culrpk)

&

―Ply bl Plyls‘ -―sk`rlvivilftl‘)?

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :( 0Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? = ounjbkrls


Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 `jekfls-:+oun&)Kòltivks j trj`jojr?

Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj y ckhprlfbj ej ihpkrtjfcij bl ejprktlccikf lf ej ckfbuccikf ble `jekf&

Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Wisikf plriglricj

Wlekcibjb bl rljccikf& Ckftrke y prktlccikf bl `jekf -tlcficj lf ej ckfbuccikf)&

Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl jelrtj& Juhlftk bl ej ckkrbifjcikf lf nlflrje&

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k circuek clftrje)% eks ounjbkrls trjtjrjf bl k`tlflr ―puftks‘ tkcjfbk le `jekf bl jenuilf hjs% sifplrblr le ckftrke ble suyk&K`slrvjcikfls? Sl oulnj pkr tilhpk -:’(0’) si ls j puftks1 k ifblgifibk -mjstj qul qulbl ufk% je leihifjr j eks blhjs) sjcjfbk `jekflsble jrlj bl oulnk&



Ply bl Plyls lf :v: -vjrijftl)?

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :( 0Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? :4 ounjbkrls


Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 k sif eihitjr%cjsjcjs -:+oun&)Kòltivks j trj`jojr?

Hkvihilftk nlflrje ble culrpk Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj j prktlnlr ckf le culrpk le `jekf y le usk bl

ej cjrnj&

Juhlftjr le hjflok ble `jekf je lxpkflr j su pksllbkr j prlsikf&Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Ckkrbifjcikf lspjcik(tilhpk Juhlftk bl ej vlekcibjb bl rljccikf Juhlftk bl ej ckkrbifjcikf -nirk)

Hjflok bl `jekf -mjìeibjb ifbivibuje)& Lquiei`rik

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k circuek clftrje) k sif bleihitjr% eks ounjbkrls trjtjrjf bl tkcjrel le `jekf je rivje sifplrblr le ckftrke ble suyk& Cjbj tkqul lquivjel j uf puftk& Skek sl ls plrhitibk k`tlflr puftks si sl hjftilfl `jok ckftrke su `jekf&Njfj le qul k`tlfnj hjs puftks je tlrhifk bl cjbj rkufb&K`slrvjcikfls? Lstl oulnk pulbl slr blhjsijbk iftlfsk pkr ek qul sl rlckhilfbj fk usjr hjs bl 0 hif&+rkufb& y fk hjs bl trls

rkufbs& Tjrj qul le oulnk slj lglctivk% ls ihpkrtjftl ckrrlnir qul eks ounjbkrls fk sl hjftlfnjf ckrrilfbk tkbk le tilhpk% pkrqul :) slcjfsjrjf hjs rjpibk% 0) je cjfsjrsl sl puilrbl prlcisikf lf ek qul lstjhks ùscjfbk -ckftrke y prktlccikf)% 3) Je fk tlflr prlcisikfmj`rj hucmks ckftjctks qul tlrhifjrjf lf gjetj&

―Cjficjs‘

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :( 0

Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? = ounjbkrls Cjftibjb Hjxihj? :0 ounjbkrlsLbjbls lf ejs qul sl pulbl jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 `jekfls -:+oun&)Kòltivks j trj`jojr?

Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj y ckhprlfbj ej ihpkrtjfcij bl ej prktlccikf lf ejckfbuccikf ble `jekf&

Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj j rljeizjr ―jccikfls lvjsivjs‘ -cjhìks blbirlccikf) pjrj prktlccikf bl ej pkslsikf&

Iblftigicjcikf y usk bl ejs biglrlftls suplrgicils bl ckftjctk je `jekf ckfle pil&


Wisikf plriglricj

Wlekcibjb bl rljccikf& Ckftrke y prktlccikf bl `jekf -tlcficj lf ej ckfbuccikf)&


Nkeplk y prlcisikf ckf biglrlftls pjrtls ble pil&Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k circuek clftrje)% eks ounjbkrls trjtjrjf bl k`tlflr ―puftks‘ nkepljfbk le `jekf bljenuilf hjs ckf le suyk -ckhk lf le oulnk bl ejs cjficjs)% utieizjfbk pjrj leek ejs biglrlftls pjrtls ble pil -iftlrfj% lxtlrfj% lhplifl%pejftj% tjekf y ―puyj‘ k puftlrj)&K`slrvjcikfls? Sl oulnj pkr tilhpk -:’(0’) yj qul ls j puftks1 ckhk vjrijftl sl pulbl hjflojr puftujcikf bl jculrbk j ej suplrgicil blckftjctk qul sl utieicl je nkepljr le `jekf prlvik j ej ckfslcucikf ble puftk -j lstj vjrijftl ej eejhk ―cjficjs fiftlfbk‘)% lolhpek? Tuyj-puftlrj) 8 :pt&% T&Iftlrfj 8 0 pts&% T&Lxtlrfj 8 3 pts&% Lhplifl 8 2 pts&% Tejftj y tjekf 8 < pts& -lstjs puftujcikfls sl pulblf hkbigicjrùscjfbk ej prjcticj bl ufj suplrgicil bl ckftjctk lf lsplcigick)&



―Gut(Nke Jhlricjfk‘

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? = ounjbkrlsCjftibjb Hjxihj? :4 ounjbkrlsLbjbls j jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? \f `jekf1 lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfksplqulúks1 zkfj bl jfktjcikf hjrcjbj1 cjsjcjs& Kòltivks qul pulblf trj`jojr?

:& Zul le jeuhfk ckhprlfbj ej ihpkrtjfcij bl crljr lspjciks%kcupjreks y jprkvlcmjreks&

0& Jprlfbizjol y usk ble ―Tjsl Gietrjbk‘ ckhk hlbik pjrj bjrelej vlftjoj je ckhpjúlrk&

3& Ckhprlfsikf bl ej ihpkrtjfcij ble ckftrke bl `jekf -yj qulpjrj k`tlflr uf nke fk ls flclsjrik le bispjrk)

2& Jprlfbizjol bl ej rlnej :: -gulrj bl eunjr)Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Wisikf plriglricj Cjpjcibjb bl jfjeisis Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl blcisikf&

Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl jelrtj& Blsjrrkeejr le slftibk bl ckelctivibjb -oulnk lf lquipk)&

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k rlctjfnuejr)% sl ounjrj ckf tkbjs ejs rlnejs bl oulnk fkrhjels ckf lxclpcikf bl qul fk

pkrtlrijs% sifk ―zkfjs bl jfktjcikf‘ -ckhk lf le gut`ke jhlricjfk)% le nke k jfktjcikf sl k`tilfl je cruzjr ej eiflj ckf `jekf ybltlflrek ble ktrk ejbk -ckftrke lf ej ckfbuccikf y grlfk)&

K`slrvjcikfls? Le nke sl pulbl k`tlflr bl 0 hjflrjs% ufj ls ej hjs gjcie bl iftlftjr y ej hjs ckhuf -―ùrejfbksl j tkbks‘ si ls qul lstkls pkssièl) y ej slnufbj% pkr hlbik bl uf ―pjsl gietrjbk‘ ùscjfbk bjr ej vlftjoj bl jvjfcl je ckhpjúlrk% bl ejs bks% lsihpkrtjftl ùscjr ej rljeizjcikf bl ej slnufbj kpcikf&

―Gut( Mkcaly‘

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? = ounjbkrls


Hjtlrije j utieizjr? \f `jekf1 lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfksplqulúks1 Tkrtlrijs bl ckfks1 cjsjcjs& Kòltivks qul pulblf trj`jojr?

:& @usqulbj y crljcikf bl lspjciks&0& Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj y ckhprlfbj ej ihpkrtjfcij y ejs vlftjojs bl

fk plrblr ej pkslsikf ble `jekf&3& Leihifjr ej pjsivibjb lf ej ckfslcucióf bl eks nkels -slnuir ejs

ounjbjs)2& Leihifjr le oulnk birlctk je plrhitir qul ej plektj circuel pkr bltrês

bl ejs pkrtlrijs&<& Zul le jeuhfk lxpjfbj su visikf bl oulnk% blìbk j qul ejs

hkbigicjcikfls ble rlnjelhlftk juhlftjf ejs pksiìeibjbls blhjrcjr ―lfcjblfjfbk‘ vjriks nkels lf ufj hishj ounjbj&


Wisikf plriglricj Juhlftk lf ej ckfclftrjcikf

Cjpjcibjb bl jfjeisis

Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl blcisikf& Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl jelrtj& Blsjrrkeejr le slftibk bl ckelctivibjb -oulnk lf lquipk)&

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k rlctjfnuejr)% sl ounjrj uf pjrtibk fkrhje -ckf tkbjs ejs rlnejs j lxclpcikf bl qul fkmj`rj pkrtlrk)% ejs pkrtlrijs sl situjf blftrk ble cjhpk% ek qul plrhitl ounjr le `jekf ej zkfj jtrjs bl leejs& Blìbk j ejsrlnejs sl pulblf eknrjr ―Cjblfjs‘ k ―Ckh`ks‘ bl nkels% silhprl y cujfbk le `jekf fk sjenj ble tlrrlrk% y sl lvitl plrblr ejpkslsikf ble `jekf&

K`slrvjcikfls? Tjrj lvitjr trjhpjs j ejs rlnejs% lf ufj ―cjblfj‘ bl`lf bl pjrticipjr 0 k hjs ounjbkrls& Ckhk vjrijftl% sl pkbrijfjsinfjr ―prlhiks‘ j ejs cjblfjs1 -lolhpek? Cjblfj bl 0 nkels 8 2 puftks% cjblfj bl 3 8 7 puftks% cjblfj bl 2 8 = puftks%

ltc&)% leihifjr le sjqul bl hjfks pkr le sjqul bl `jfbj ckf le pil pjrj jhpeijr le lsplctrk bl pksiìeibjbls -lo&―hjbrunultl‘)1 rljeizjr le sjqul bl hltj blsbl ej eiflj bl gkfbk k blsbl ej pkrtlrij& Jblhjs pjrj jnrlnjrel hjs bigicuetjb ysk`rl tkbk ifclftivjr j eks hjs jvjfsjbks sl pulbl juhlftjr le fuhlrk bl pkrtlrijs y le lspjcik bl oulnk



―Tkrtlrijs Gulrj‘

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? 7 ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb Hjxihj? = ounjbkrlsLbjbls j jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? \f `jekf1 lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfksplqulúks1 Tkrtlrijs bl ckfks k fkrhjels1 cjsjcjs& Kòltivks qul pulblf trj`jojr?

:& @usqulbj y crljcikf bl lspjciks&0& Tktlfcijr le nkeplk j hlbij bistjfcij&

3& @uscjr jetlrfjtivjs pjrj ej crljcikf bl ounjbjs y pkrckfslculfcij pjrj ej k`tlfcikf ble nke&

2& Hlokrjr ej prlsicikf lf le usk bl ej gulrzj pjrj nkepljr le`jekf&

<& Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Juhlftk lf ej gulrzj ble nkeplk y lf ej prlsicikf&

Cjpjcibjb bl ckfclftrjcikf& Bl jculrbk je tjhjúk bl ejs pkrtlrijs sl pulbl trj`jojr hjs

j gkfbk ej prlsicikf&

Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl blcisikf& Juhlftk bl ej ―visikf bl oulnk‘ lf ej ùsqulbj y crljcikf bl

lspjciks&

Blsjrrkeejr le slftibk bl ckelctivibjb -oulnk lf lquipk)&Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k rlctjfnuejr)% sl ounjrj

ckf tkbjs ejs rlnejs ble oulnk% ckf ej lxclpcikf bl qul pjrjeknrjr le nke% sl bl`lrj ùscjr ckhk hlbik% le tirjr bl eloks-yj qul ejs pkrtlrijs sl lfculftrjf gulrj ble cjhpk)

K`slrvjcikfls? Ckhk lstl oulnk tilfl uf lelvjbk fivle bl bigicuetjb%ckhk ificijcióf% ckhlfzjr ckf pkrtlrèjs fkrhjels y sifpkrtlrk% ckfgkrhl jvjfcl le fivle bl lxplrilfcij bl eksjeuhfks sl pkbrê pkflr pkrtlrk% mjclr ej pkrtlrèj hjsplqulúj% k ifceusk% ckhìfjrek ckf le oulnk bl ―Bkèl Hltj‘&Jsè ckhk tjhìéf plrhitir qul sl oulnul blspués bl ej eèfljbl tirk% ek qul lelvjrèj le fÿhlrk bl pksiìeibjbls lf ejs ounjbjs&

― ] pjsls‘

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :Cjftibjb hifihj bl ounjbkrls? 7 ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? = ounjbkrls


Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 : `jekfKòltivks j trj`jojr?

Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj y ckhprlfbj ej ihpkrtjfcij bl hjftlflrej pkslsikf ble `jekf&

Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj j rljeizjr ―jccikfls lvjsivjs‘ y pkstlrikr

pjsl ckhk hlbiks pjrj hjftlflr ej pkslsikf& Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj j ckfkclr% iblftigicjr l iftlrprltjr

biglrlftls cjfjels bl ckhuficjcióf -hkvihilftks bl oun&% slújelslftrl ckhpjúlrks% slújels vlr`jels)


Wisikf plriglricj Wlekcibjb bl rljccikf&

Ckftrke y prktlccikf bl `jekf -tlcficj lf ej ckfbuccikf)& Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl jelrtj& Slftibk bl ckelctivibjb

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk bks lquipks ùscjrjf rljeizjr ufj cilrtj cjfbibjb -0< pkr lolhpek) bl pjsls% le prihlrk lfeknrjrek% njfj le oulnk -eks pjsls skf jcuhuejèls) K`slrvjcikfls? Le kòltivk prihkrbije bl lstl ―oulnk‘ ls le hjflok bl `jekf% le usk iftleinlftl ble lspjcik% ej pjrticipjcikf lf le oulnk bl tkbks% ls blcir% ej blcisikf bl cóhk sl vj j tlflr ej pkslsikf fk ls skek ls ble qul ―pjsj‘% sifk tjhìlf ble qul rlci`l je kgrlclrsl lfrlejcikf j ej situjcikf% lf ktrjs pjej`rjs% iftleinlfcij bl oulnk& Y Jufqul lstj jctivibjb pulbj nujrbjr slhlojfzj ckf le oulnk ble ―njtk‘-―tkritk‘% ―rkfbk‘)% ls uf oulnk ckhpeltjhlftl biglrlftl% le cuje ls lf su hjykrij bl ejs vlcls% hje utieizjbk je prjcticjr bl hjflrjjisejbj le pjsl% sif hjs iftlrvlfcikf qul le ckftrke&



―Lquipk Gulrj‘ -sjcjtl bl jquè)

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :(0Cjftibjb hifihj bl ounjbkrls? :0 ounjbkrls& Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? :< ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb Hjxihj? 0: ounjbkrlsLbjbls j jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? \f `jekf1 lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick kckfks plqulúks1 Tkrtlrijs fkrhjels1 cjsjcjs&Kòltivks qul pulblf trj`jojr?

:& Tlrglccikfjhilftk ble hjflok y ckftrke ble `jekf lf

situjcikfls bl oulnk&0& Zul le jeuhfk rlcurrj je hjflok ble oulnk -rithk) ckhk

hlbik pjrj hjftlflr le ckftrke ble `jekf&3& Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj j slr ckfsilftl bl ejs

ckfslculfcijs bl sus blcisikfls&Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Slftibk ble lspjcik y ej uìcjcióf…&

Ckfclftrjcikf Cjpjcibjb bl blcisikf&

Juhlftk ble plfsjhilftk critick y ―visikf bl oulnk‘ lf ejùsqulbj ble nke y ej flclsibjb pkr hjftlflrsl blftrkble oulnk&

Bjrel hjykr ihpkrtjfcij j ej ckelctivibjb -oulnk lf lquipk)&

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk sl ounjrjf ―rltjs‘ -3 lquipks) eks cujels ounjrjf `jok ejs sinuilftls rlnejs? Lquipk qul k`tlfnj uf nke% sl hjftilfl lf le cjhpk Lquipk qul rlci`l nke% sjel ble cjhpk&

Ounjbkr qul sjqul le `jeóf ble cjhpk% prkvkcjrj qul su lquipk sjenj ble cjhpk&

Ej ounjbj sl rljfubjrj lf le puftk lf le qul qulbk le `jeóf& -sjqul bl `jfbj% sjqul bl hltj% k sjqul ificije) Tjrj lvitjr lsplrjs ejrnjs lftrl pjrtibk y pjrtibk -cujfbk le nrupk ls jvjfzjbk y fk cjl le nke k jenÿf lquipk sjqul ej

plektj)% sl ounjrjf rltjs j 3 hif& Silfbk njfjbkr le lquipk qul je térhifk ble tilhpk tlfnj le `jeóf&K`slrvjcikfls? Blìbk j ej bigicuetjb lelvjbj bl lstl oulnk% sl pulblf tkhjr cilrtjs hlbibjs pjrj lvitjr ej grustrjcióf lf nrupks

prifcipijftls lolhpek?

fk suclblrê fjbj si le `jeóf sjel pkr eèflj bl hltj% ls blcir lf tirk j pulrtj sl plrhitl uf eèhitl bl nkels&

Sl hjrcj uf eèhitl bl sjeibjs bl `jeóf&

―@jekf Fulvk‘

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :( 0Cjftibjb hifihj bl ounjbkrls? = ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? :4 ounjbkrls


Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 x cjftibjb bl`jekflsKòltivks j trj`jojr?

Leihifjr ej pjsivibjb lf le jeuhfk% ls blcir% qul ―ùsqul‘ le `jekf&

Zul le lquipk lf nlflrje hlokrl su vlekcibjb bl rljccikf&

Si ls lquipk bl hjs lbjb% sl pulbl pkflr lfgjsis lf ej prlpjrjcikf

gisicj&Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Wisikf plriglricj

Wlekcibjb bl rljccikf& Ckftrke y prktlccikf bl `jekf j vlekcibjb Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl jelrtj&

Hlokrj ble ckftrke lf situjcikfls bl prlsikf -yj qul tkbks ùscjf ejplektj&

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk bks lquipks ounjrjf uf pjrtibk% bkfbl fk sljpeicjrjf fi sjquls bl pulrtj% bl lsquifj% k bl `jfbj& Burjftl le oulnk% cujfbk le`jekf sjenj ble cjhpk% le lftrlfjbkr hltlrj ktrk `jekf je cjhpk hilftrjs nritj―@JEKF F\LWK‘ K`slrvjcikfls? Tjrj lvitjr juf hjs ej pjsivibjb% le `jekf fulvk bl`l hltlrsl pkr

jenufj zkfj bkfbl fk mjyj ounjbkrls% gkrzjfbk jsi ej vlekcibjb bl rljccikf lf ejùsqulbj ble ―@jekf Fulvk‘& Fk ls rlckhlfbjèl hjftlflr le rithk bl lstl oulnk hjs jeej bl 2 hifutks&



―Rkcjhks le `jekf ckf…‘ -Sihkf bicl…)

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? :0 ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb Hjxihj? 04 ounjbkrlsLbjbls lf ejs qul sl pulbl jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? Lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks1 `jekfls-:+oun&)K`ltivks j trj`jojr?

Ckfkcihilftk ble culrpkCjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr?

Ckkrbifjcikf nlflrje -lsplcigicjhlftl ejtlrjeibjb) Wlekcibjb bl rljccikf&


Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k circuek clftrje)% eks ounjbkrls ckfbucirjf le `jekf& J ej slúje ble ifstructkr% tkcjrjf le`jekf ckf ej pjrtl ble culrpk qul sl els binj -lo& ―Rkcjhks le `jekfckf… ¡Til blrlcmk*‘% ltc&)

K`slrvjcikfls? Wjrijftl ble oulnk ―Sihkf bicl‘ y blìbk j ej fjturjelzj bl lstl oulnk% skek bl`l burjr bl 3 j 2 hifutks% yj qul blspulsbl lsl tilhpk% le jeuhfk pilrbl le iftlrls&

―Hifi Tjrtibks‘

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :(2 -blplfbilfbk ej cjftibjb blhifipjrtibks)Cjftibjb hifihj bl ounjbkrls? 0 ounjbkrls& Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? 7 ounjbkrls

Cjftibjb Hjxihj? :4 ounjbkrlsLbjbls j jpeicjr? 2(<1 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? \f `jekf1 lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfksplqulúks -k sihpelhlftl usjfbk ejs pkrtlrijs ckhk eihitl)1Tkrtlrijs bl ckfks k fkrhjels1 cjsjcjs&

Kòltivks qul pulblf trj`jojr?

:& Ificijcikf l iftrkbuccikf je oulnk&0& @usqulbj y crljcikf bl lspjciks& -Blshjrquls)3& Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj l iftlrprltl le oulnk lf lquipk2& Iftrkbuccikf bl eks prifcipiks ble oulnk -ckf `jekf y sif `jekf)

Cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr? Slftibk ble lspjcik y ej uìcjcióf…& Bl jculrbk je tjhjúk bl ejs pkrtlrijs sl pulbl trj`jojr hjs j gkfbk ej prlsicikf&

Cjpjcibjb bl blcisikf&

Juhlftk bl ej ―visikf bl oulnk‘ lf ej ùsqulbj y crljcikf bl lspjciks& Blsjrrkeejr le slftibk bl ckelctivibjb -oulnk lf lquipk)&

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k rlctjfnuejr)% k sif bleihitjr% sl ounjrj ckf tkbjs ejs rlnejs ble oulnk -ckf suslxclpsikfls si ls qul le lspjcik skek ek eihitjf ejs pkrtlrijs)&

K`slrvjcikfls? Blìbk j ej gelxiìeibjb bl lstl oulnk% tjf ufivlrsje -yj qul usj ckhk `jsl ej gjhksj ―cjscjritj‘) sl pulblf hjflojrifgifibjb bl vjrijftls je rlnejhlftk% tjels ckhk?

Oulnk ificije -ei`rl) jvjfzjfbk lf bigicuetjb% usjfbk?:& Ejs hjfks% tjftk pjrj pjsl% ckhk pjrj ej jfktjcióf&0& Jetlrfjfbk le usk bl ejs hjfks -pjsls) y jfktjfbk ckf ej cj`lzj3& Jetlrfjfbk rlclpcióf ckf ejs hjfks% pjsl ckf le pil y jfktjcióf ckf cj`lzj2& Jetlrfjfbk pjsl ckf ejs hjfks% nkeplk bl cj`lzj1 rlclpcióf hjfks1 jfktjcióf ckf cj`lzj&

Oulnk fkrhje lf bigicuetjb jsclfblftl?:& Cêscjrj ei`rl -rlnejs sif jetlrjcikfls% plrhitilfbk ei`lrtjb bl jccióf)&0& Oulnk j 0 k 3 tkquls pkr ounjbkr&3& Le nke ls vjeibk skek si sl rljeizj cilrtj cjftibjb bl pjsls jftls bl k`tlflr nke& -s if plrblr ej pkslsióf)&2& Le nke skek ls vjeibk si lf ej ounjbj pjrticipjf tkbks&<& ―Nke jetlrfjbk‘ -uf ounjbkr je jfktjr uf nke% fk pkbrê jfktjr bl fulvk% mjstj qul sus blhês ckhpjúlrks ek mjnjf)7& ―Nke ckf Cjusj‘ -Le vjekr ble nke ls inuje j ej cjftibjb bl pjsls prlviks je nke% lolhpek? 3 pjsls 8 3 nkels…&&:4 pjsls 8

:4 nkels)>& ―Oulnj ckf prlhik‘% le vjekr ble nke ls inuje j ej ihpkrtjfcij bl ej jccióf% lolhpek? nke lf ounjbj ifbivibuje 8: nke1 nke

lf ounjbj -pjsl rjsk jftls ble nke) 8 0 nkels1 nke bl cj`lzj83 nkels1



Tjrtibieek j Hitjbls : -Jplrturjs y Cjhìks bl

krilftjcikf)

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :(2 -blplfbilfbk ej cjftibjb blhifipjrtibks)Cjftibjb hifihj bl ounjbkrls? 7 ounjbkrls -3+lquipk)& Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? = ounjbkrls -2+lquipk) Cjftibjb Hjxihj? :4 ounjbkrlsLbjbls j jpeicjr? 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? \f `jekf1 lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfksplqulúks -k sihpelhlftl usjfbk ejs pkrtlrijs ckhk eihitl)1Tkrtlrijs bl ckfks k fkrhjels1 eiflj bl tjpjs% cje k lejstick ycjsjcjs&

K`ltivks qul pulblf trj`jojr?

:& Jrlfbizjol bl ejs pjrtls `jsicjs ble cjhpk -izq(clf(blr)&0& Hlokrj bl ej fkcikf lspjcik(tilhpk3& Jprlfbizjol y hlokrj bl ej uìcjcióf iftleinlftl2& Hjflok ble oulnk<& \ìcjcióf y bistriùcikf `jsicj blftrk ble tlrrlfk bl oulnk&


Slftibk ble lspjcik y ej uìcjcióf…&

Bl jculrbk je tjhjúk bl ejs pkrtlrijs sl pulbl trj`jojr hjs jgkfbk ej prlsicikf&

Cjpjcibjb bl blcisikf& Juhlftk bl ej ―visikf bl oulnk‘ lf ej ùsqulbj y crljcikf bl

lspjciks&

Blsjrrkeejr le slftibk bl ckelctivibjb -oulnk lf lquipk)&Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k rlctjfnuejr)% k skek

hjrcjbk pkr ej eiflj bl lf hlbik% sl ounjrj uf pjrtibk bkfblle kòltivk ls qul fk sl ouftl tkbk le lquipk lf ufk bl eksejbks% lf cjsk bl qul lstk suclbj% si sl eknrj nke% lstl fkckftjrj blìbk j qul tkbk le lquipk lstj`j kcupjfbk uf skekejbk ble cjhpk& Tjrj qul le nke slj vjeibk le lquipk bl`lrjlstjr bistriùibk lf ejs bks hitjbls&

K`slrvjcikfls?

Tjrtibieek j Hitjbls 0 -Trlssifn)

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :(2 -blplfbilfbk ej cjftibjb blhifipjrtibks)Cjftibjb hifihj bl ounjbkrls? 7 ounjbkrls -3+lquipk)& Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? = ounjbkrls -2+lquipk) Cjftibjb Hjxihj? :4 ounjbkrlsLbjbls j jpeicjr? 7(>1 =(91 :4(:0 júks&

Hjtlrije j utieizjr? \f `jekf1 lspjcik bleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfksplqulúks -k sihpelhlftl usjfbk ejs pkrtlrijs ckhk eihitl)1Tkrtlrijs bl ckfks k fkrhjels1 eiflj bl tjpjs% cje k lejstick ycjsjcjs&

K`ltivks qul pulblf trj`jojr?

:& Zul le jeuhfk pjrticipl lf tkbjs ejs jccikfls ble oulnk&&0& Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj ej trjfcisikf jtjqul+blglfsj

3& Hjflok ble oulnk2& \ìcjcióf y bistriùcikf `jsicj blftrk ble tlrrlfk bl oulnk&


Slftibk ble lspjcik y ej uìcjcióf…& Tjrticipjcikf jctivj&

Cjpjcibjb bl blcisikf&

Juhlftk bl ej ―visikf bl oulnk‘ lf ej ùsqulbj y crljcikf bl lspjciks& Blsjrrkeejr le slftibk bl ckelctivibjb -oulnk lf lquipk)&

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k rlctjfnuejr)% k skek hjrcjbk pkr ej eiflj bl lf hlbik% sl ounjrj uf pjrtibk bkfbl lekòltivk ls jpkyjr le jtjqul y ej blglfsj blplfbilfbk bl ejs bks situjcikfls bl oulnk `jsicjs% je tlflr le `jekf -jtjqul) y jeplrblrek -blglfsj)& Le nke skek ls vjeibk si je rlcuplrjr y jtjcjr tkbks eks iftlnrjftls ble lquipk -ckf lxclpcikf ble pkrtlrk)jckhpjújf bicmk jtjqul& Le nke fk slrj vjeibk si jenufk bl eks iftlnrjftls ble lquipk fk cruzj ej eiflj k fk pjrticipj&

K`slrvjcikfls? Oulnk huy iftlfsk% sl rlckhilfbj jpeicjrek lf tilhpks bl 2 j < hif ckf ufk bl blscjfsk



―Bkèl Hltj‘

Ripk bl oulnk? Shjee sibl njhl

Cjftibjb bl Lftrlfjbkrls+hkfitkrls? :Cjftibjb bl ounjbkrls sunlribj? 7 ounjbkrls


Hjtlrije j utieizjr? \f `jekf1 Tkrtlrijs hkviels -k pkrtlrijs bl ckfks)1 lspjcikbleihitjbk ckf cje% lejstick k ckfks plqulúks1 cjsjcjs& K`ltivks qul pulblf trj`jojr?

:& Zul le jeuhfk jprlfbj j k`slrvjr% jfjeizjr% ―biscrihifjr‘% y blcibir

ej hlokr kpcikf lf ej ckfslcucikf bl uf nke&0& Jprlfblr% hlbijftl ej lolcucikf ifckfsilftl% ej ihpkrtjfcij bl eks

cjhìks bl krilftjcikf ckhk hlbik pjrj ―j`rir‘ le cjhpk% y bl ejsbiglrlftls situjcikfls lf blglfsj&

3& Leihifjr le ble oulnk birlctk ckhk ufick rlcursk je utieizjr eks ejbksble cjhpk&

2& Gjvkrlclr ej pjrticipjcikf bl tkbks lf jtjqul y lf situjcikfls blblglfsj -fk ls vjeibk pkflr pkrtlrks k blglfsjs gioks)

<& Zul le jeuhfk ckhprlfbj qul le skek mlcmk bl ―hkvlr‘ le `jekfprkvkcj cjhìks lf le blsjrrkeek ble oulnk& -Elcturj bl oulnk)


Wisikf plriglricj Cjpjcibjb bl jfjeisis&

Blsjrrkeek bl ej crljtivibjb je jprlfblr j ―ounjr ckf‘ lf vlz bl―ounjr ckftrj‘ le rivje&

Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl blcisikf& Juhlftk lf ej cjpjcibjb bl jelrtj&

Blsjrrkeejr le slftibk bl ckelctivibjb -oulnk lf lquipk)& Hjflok bl plrgiels&

Blsjrrkeek? Lf uf lspjcik bleihitjbk -cujbrjbk k rlctjfnuejr)% cjbj lquipk ounjrj uf pjrtibk ckf tkbj ej rlnejhlftjcikf fkrhje% ckflxclpcikf bl qul cjbj lquipk blglfblrj 0 pkrtlrijs&

K`slrvjcikfls? Sl pulbl vjrijr ej rlnejhlftjcióf lf ek rlglrlftl j sjquls bl `jfbj -fkrhje k sjqul ckf le pil)1 ckf k sif tirks bllsquifj -pjrj jtjcjr ej pkrtlrij hjs clrcjfj tilfl qul mj`lr jftls ble nke 0 pjsls1 si jtjcjf ej pkrtlrij hjs jelojbj% fk skfflclsjriks eks 0 pjsls)1 jsi ckhk tjhìlf pkflr uf pjrtlrk j qul cuibl jh`js pkrtlrijs ek cuje juhlftj lxpkflfcijehlftlejs cjpjcibjbls j blsjrrkeejr lf ej jctivibjb eejhlsl elcturj ble oulnk% jfticipjcikf% hjflok ble rithk% juhlftk bl ej ―visikfbl oulnk‘ lf ej ùsqulbj y crljcikf bl lspjciks& Ifceusk sl pulbl jnrlnjr ufj zkfj bl ―bispjrk‘ pjrj ifclftivjr ekslfgrlftjhilftks :v: k :v0 y le hjftlflr ej pkslsikf bl `jekf -prktlccióf)

Material de Apoyo Para El Entrenador de Futbol [Previo 25 Hojas]

Documents

Transcript of Material de Apoyo Para El Entrenador de Futbol [Previo 25 Hojas]