Medicina Nuclear
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
DRA MARIA DE LOURDES MARROQUIN MEDINA
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
•Es el estudio de la repartición de sustancias radiactivas de vida breve administradas al organismo que se concentran en un órgano.
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
•Los Rayos Gamma que se originan en el interior del paciente después de administrarse el Radio fármaco, se utilizan para formar imágenes en una Cámara Gamma.
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
•Los radio fármacos se componen de dos partes:
•Una especie Radioactiva.•Una molécula especifica de
órgano a la que se fija la especie radioactiva.
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
•MOLECULAS RADIOACTIVAS:
•Tc - 99• I - 131•Tl - 201• In - 111•Ga - 67
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
• MOLECULA ESPECIFICA PARA FARMACO:
• DTPA (DIETILEN TRIAMINO PENTA ACETICO): FILTRADO GLOMERULAR
• MAA( MACROAGREGADO DE ALBUMINA): PERFUSION PULMONAR
• MDP (METILEN DIFOSFONATO): OSEO
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR• PUEDE SER CON:• ESCINTIGRAFIA• CAMARA GAMMA• SPECT: TOMOGRAFIA POR EMISION
DE FOTONES SIMPLES• PET: TOMOGRAFIA POR EMISION
DE POSITRONES.
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
•LA CAMARA NUCLEAR O CAMARA GAMMA SE COLOCA SOBRE EL PACIENTE PARA OBTENER LA IMAGEN DE LA DISTRIBUCION DE LA RADIOACTIVIDAD EN UN ORGANO.
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
•LA CAMARA GAMMA CONSTA DE UN COLIMADOR QUE EXCLUYE LAS RADIACIONES INDESEABLES.-
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
•UN CRISTAL DE IODURO DE SODIO QUE EMITE UN DESTELLO PEQUEÑISIMO DE LUZ O CENTELLEO CUANDO RECIBE EL IMPACTO DE UN FOTON, ES DECIR EL RAYO GAMMA
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
• ESTE CENTELLEO SE AMPLIFICA CON LOS TUBOS FOTOMULTIPLICADORES
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
• LA SUMA DE CIENTOS DE MILES DE CENTELLEOS CREA UNA IMAGEN QUE REPRESENTA LA RADIOACTIVIDAD EN UN ORGANO O SISTEMA
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
• SE EMPLEA EN EL ESTUDIO DE:• HIGADO Y VIAS BILIARES• RENAL Y VIAS URINARIAS• TIROIDES• RESPIRATORIO• OSEO• SNC.• CORAZON
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
•PROPORCIONAN DATOS FUNCIONALES.
•ALTA SENSIBILIDAD PERO BAJA ESPECIFICIDAD.
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
• LA GAMAGRAFIA OSEA ES LA MAS USADA REVELA CON MAYOR SENSIBILIDAD ZONAS CALIENTES ES DECIR CON AUMENTO DE CAPTACION DEL RADIOFARMACO.
• DETECCION EN ENFERMEDADES METASTASICAS Y OSTEOMIELITIS
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR• LA GAMAGRAFIA RENAL :• VALORA FUNCION RENAL
DIFERENCIAL• DETERMINA SI HAY O NO
OBSTRUCCION• OBTIENE IMÁGENES DE RIÑON
TRANSPLANTADO
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
• GAMAGRAFIA PULMONAR EN ESPECIAL PARA DESCARTAR EMBOLIA PULMONAR MEDIASTE EL ESTUDIO DE PERFUSION
• TAMBIEN SE EMPLEA PARA EVLAUAR LA VENTILACION
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR• LA GAMMAGRAFIA TIROIDEA PARA
REVELAR ZONAS HIPO O HIPERFUNCIONANTES.
• GLANDULA GRANDE HOMOGENEA E HIPERFUNCIONAL: ENF GRAVES.
• GLANDULA GRANDE, NO HOMOGENEA E IRREGULAR EN BOCIO COLOIDAL
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MEDICINA NUCLEARMEDICINA NUCLEAR
• NODULOS CALIENTES: SION HIPERCAPTADORES SIEMPRE SON BENIGNOS.
• NODULOS FRIOS: NO FUNCIONALES PUEDEN SER QUISTES, ADENOMAS NO FUNCIONATES O CANCER.
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