Presentación Estimulacion en Areniscas .ppt

8/10/2019 Presentacin Estimulacion en Areniscas .ppt

1/38

Production Enhancement

Sandstone Acidizing

Sandstone 2000 Acid System


2/38

Sand formations damaged by mud invasion or mud filter

cakes Sand formations containing clay-type debris or silt

Formations with low natural permeability

Formations requiring clean up prior to sand control

treatments or testing

Sand formations damaged by fines migration due to

injection or production

Gas, water injection and disposal wells with permeability

problems Formations with plugged screens, liners or perforations

Gravel packed wellsrequiring clean out


3/38

Potassium feldspar

Sodium feldspar

Illite clay Zeolites

Carbonates

Bentonite, Kaolinite and other clays


4/38

Sandstone Acidizing

Whats the Damage Mechanism?

What are the Well Parameters?

How Should We Treat the Well?

How Did the Treatment Work?


5/38

Well Parameters

FORMATION MINERALOGY

BHST

Permeability

Formation Fluids - oil, brine


6/38

Treatment Design

Is HF the Fluid of Choice?

HF Fluid Design - Sandstone 2000 Acidizing Systems

Preflush Considerations - Sandstone 2000 Formation

Conditioning Systems

Overflush Considerations

Diversion

Coiled Tubing


7/38

Treatment Analysis

MATRIX Program

Production Results

Returns Analysis

Apply Experience to Future Wells


8/38

Core Analysis

Mineralogy determination

X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Thin Section Petrographic Analysis

Core Flow Testing

Permeability Profiles

Effluent Analysis

Modeling


9/38

Compatibility Testing

Oil-Acid-Brine Compatibility Emulsion Testing

Sludging/Precipitation

Acid-Rock Compatibility

Drilling Mud, Completion Fluids, . . .`


10/38

27 October 2014

CHEMISTRY OF HF ACIDIZING

Understanding of HF Reactions


11/38

Primary Reaction

6HF + SiO2--------- H2SiF6+ 2H2

2HF + CaCO3 ------ CaF2!+ 2H2O + CO2

36HF + Al2Si4O10(OH)2--------------4H2SiF6+ 2H3AlF6+ 12H2O

HF + Al-Si ----------- AlFx(3-x) ( x: 1-6 ) +

H2SiF6


12/38

Primary Reaction ( continued )

HF Reacts to Spent HF HF Dissolving Power

Mostly Silicon Fluorides in Solution

Only a Little HCl Consumed


13/38

Secondary Reaction

H2SiF6+ 3Al2Si4O10(OH)2 + 12HCl + 4H2O --

------

6AlF+2 + 12Cl-+ 12H2SiO3+ Si(OH)4!

H2SiF6 + (Na,K) --------- Na,K2SiF6! + 2H+


14/38

Secondary Reaction ( continued )

Silicon Fluorides React

Secondary Silica Precipitation

Fluosilicate Precipitation

Only Aluminum Fluorides Remaining

Lots of HCl consumed


15/38

The Secondary Reaction

-90-80-70-60-50

min

ute

s

7

13

19

30

50


16/38

Tertiary Reaction

y AlFx(3-x) + Al-Si + HCl-----------

x AlFy(3-y) ( y < x ) + Si ( OH)4!

Evidence of Reaction: Low F/Al Ratio( method: NMR Spectroscopy )

Prone to alumino-silicate scaling


17/38

The Tertiary Reaction

-90-80-70-60-50

min

ute

s

97

162

257

384

1296


18/38

Sandstone Completion Acid

Fines Control Acid

K-Spar Acid

Volcanic Acid

Silica Scale Acid



19/38

FORMATION CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

Mud-Flush, N-Ver-Sperse, solvents, HCl

Gidleys CO2 Conditioner

CLAYFIX 5 Conditioner

CLAY-SAFE 5 Conditioner

CLAY-SAFE H Conditioner



20/38

HF Incompatible with Na-Spar

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Secondary Reaction

0

1

2

Concen

tration(M)

12% HCl - 3% HF

200 F

Na - Released

Na - Tolerance


21/38

HF Compatible with Na-Spar

0 20 40 60 80 100


0

1

2

Concentration(M)

13.5% HCl - 1.5% HF

200 F

Na - Released

Na - Tolerance


22/38

HF Incompatible with K-Spar

0 20 40 60 80 100


0

1

2

Conce

ntration(M)

13.5% HCl - 1.5% HF

200 F

K - Tolerance

K - Released


23/38

HF Compatible with K-Spar

0 20 40 60 80 100


0

1

2

Concentration(M)

9% HCl - 1% HF

200 F

K - Tolerance

K - Released

A li i N S


24/38

Application to Na-Spar

Te m p F HF B le n d

T > 175 13 .5% HCl - 1 .5% HF

T < 175 9% HCl - 1% HF

A li ti t K S


25/38

Application to K-Spar

Te m p F HF B le n d

T > 2 5 0 1 3 .5 % HCl - 1 .5 % HF

2 5 0 > T > 2 0 0 9 % HCl - 1 % HF

2 0 0 > T > 1 7 5 7 % HCl - 0 .7 5 % HF

1 7 5 > T > 1 2 5 6 % HCl - 0 .5 % HF

1 2 5 > T > 1 0 0 6 % HCl - 0 .4 % HF

R l f C b t


26/38

Role of Carbonate

Preflush Volumes

Returns Analyses

Lowers HCl:HF ratio Aluminum Precipitation Within the Matrix


27/38

HCl (15%) Volume for Removing Carbonates

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

R (ft)

0

100

200

300

Volu

me

(gal/ft)

1%

2%

3%

5%

10%

P t ti f S t HF


28/38

Penetration of Spent HF

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

R (ft)

0

100

200

300

Volu

me

(gal/ft)

10%

20%

30%

I E h i Mi l


29/38

Mineral CEC Rating

feldspars, kaolinite 0

illite, chlorite 20mixed layer clays 20 - 80

smectite, mica 80 - 100

zeolites 100 - 250

Ion Exchanging Minerals


30/38

Injection of 6% KNO3


31/38

Injection of 6% KNO3

0 250 500 750

Volume (ml)

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.500.5 ft

1.0 ft

1.5 ft

2.0 ft

2.5 ft

3.0 ft

Permeability

Ratio


32/38

A idi P bl


33/38

Avoiding Problems

Brine Compatibility

Before Ion Exchange

After Ion Exchange

Useful Brines

5% NH4Cl

7% KCl

6% NaCl


34/38

Clay Instability Ratings (CIR)


35/38

Clay Instability Ratings (CIR)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350Temperature F

0

25

50

75

100

CIR

Kaolinit

e

Feldspar

Illite

Analcim

e

Chlo

rite

S

mectite

Acetic Acid in Sandstones


36/38

Acetic Acid in Sandstones

Does NOT Ion Exchange

Does NOT Prevent Swelling

Does NOT Dissolve Iron Scales Slow to Dissolve Carbonates

Easily Inhibited

Avoiding Problems


37/38

Avoiding Problems

Use 5% NH4Cl Preflushes

Use 5% NH4Cl in Acetic Acid Small HCl pickling Stage


38/38

Presentación Estimulacion en Areniscas .ppt

Documents

Transcript of Presentación Estimulacion en Areniscas .ppt