Presentación sobre La Soya Y La Salud
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Transcript of Presentación sobre La Soya Y La Salud
Presentación sobre La Soya Y La SaludPresentación sobre La Soya Y La Salud
Cortesía De
United Soybean Board
US Soybean StatisticsUS Soybean Statistics
74 million acres 2.6 billion bushels/y $12 billion/y
600,000 soybean farmers
Estadísticas americanas sobre la Soya
600,000 granjeros de soya
•74 millones de acres
•2.6 millones de bushels/año
•US $12 billones /año
The Joy of SoyThe Joy of SoyLa alegría de la Soya
U.S. Consumer Attitudes Toward Soy – 2001 Survey
U.S. Consumer Attitudes Toward Soy – 2001 Survey
39%Aware of specific health benefits of soy
27%Eat soy products at least once a week
69%Consider soy products healthy
2001-2002 National Report on Consumer Attitudes About Nutrition, United Soybean Board
Actitudes de consumidores americanos hacia la Actitudes de consumidores americanos hacia la soya –encuesta del 2001soya –encuesta del 2001
Soyfoods ArriveSoyfoods Arrive
940 12441747
2598
1990 1996 1998 2000
Soyatech, Inc. Soybean Digest, Dec. 2000
Sales in Million Dollars
Year
The World of SoyfoodsThe World of Soyfoods
Traditional – miso, tofu, tempeh, soymilk, edamame
Photos courtesy of the United Soybean Board
The World of SoyfoodsThe World of Soyfoods
Traditional – miso, tofu, tempeh Western or soy protein products
Isolated soy protein, soy protein concentrate, soy flour
The World of SoyfoodsThe World of Soyfoods
Traditional – miso, tofu, tempeh Western or soy protein products
Isolated soy protein, soy protein concentrate, soy flour
Second generation SPPs Burgers, soy nuts, energy
bars, breakfast cereals, etc.
Macronutrient Compositionof Soybeans (% Kcal)
Macronutrient Compositionof Soybeans (% Kcal)
Protein 37%Protein 37%
Fat 37%Fat 37% CHO 26%CHO 26%
Proteína 37%Proteína 37%
Composición de macronutrientes en el frijol soya (% Kcal)
Composición de macronutrientes en el frijol soya (% Kcal)
National School Lunch ProgramNational School Lunch Program
Modification of the Vegetable Protein Products to Include Soy
Meat/soy combination foods help schools meet the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in a cost-effective way
Soy-enhanced meat products improve the nutritional profile of school meals
Soy offers flexibility and variety in meal planning
Soy-enhanced products are well accepted by students
Macronutrient Compositionof Soybeans (% Kcal)
Macronutrient Compositionof Soybeans (% Kcal)
Protein 37%Protein 37%
Fat 37%Fat 37%
Soybean Oil – The Balanced Soybean Oil – The Balanced
61% Polyunsaturated fat 24% Monounsaturated fat 15% Saturated fat
Photo courtesy of the United Soybean Board
Soy oil is one of the few good plant sources of
omega-3 fatty acids
Soy oil is one of the few good plant sources of
omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 Fatty Acids & Soy oil: Overview
Omega-3 Fatty Acids & Soy oil: Overview
Omega-3 fatty acids Linolenic acid is essential May chronic disease risk:
Arthritis, cancer, CHD, etc
Photo courtesy of the United Soybean Board
Isoflavones & Phytoestrogens
Possible Mechanisms for the Biological Effects of Isoflavones
Possible Mechanisms for the Biological Effects of Isoflavones
Hormonal Estrogen-like Antiestrogenic
Nonhormonal Signal transduction Antioxidant effects Others
The Role of Soy in Disease PreventionThe Role of Soy in Disease Prevention
Cancer
Heart disease
Osteoporosis
Hot flashes
Soy & Cancer Prevention
Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates (per 100,000) for Selected Countries
Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates (per 100,000) for Selected Countries
ChinaChinaJapanJapan
IndiaIndiaFinlandFinlandSwedenSweden
BasleBasleUSAUSA
1.81.8
34.234.2
6.76.7
8.28.2
45.945.9
50.150.1
53.453.4
19.119.1
19.719.7
20.820.8
44.744.7
60.760.7
72.172.1
87.087.0
ProstateProstate BreastBreast
PCa: Shanghai, Hiroshima, Bombay, Basle, Atlanta (W) BCa: Shanghai, Osaka, Madras, Geneva, San Francisco (W). The Prostate 45: 87, 2000
ChinaChinaJapanJapan
IndiaIndiaFinlandFinlandSwedenSweden
BasleBasleUSAUSA
19.119.1
19.719.7
20.820.8
44.744.7
60.760.7
72.172.1
87.087.0
PCa: Shanghai, Hiroshima, Bombay, Basle, Atlanta (W) BCa: Shanghai, Osaka, Madras, Geneva, San Francisco (W). The Prostate 45: 87, 2000
Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates (per 100,000) for Selected Countries
Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates (per 100,000) for Selected Countries
U.S. Breast Cancer Statistics – FY 2001U.S. Breast Cancer Statistics – FY 2001
Incidence: No. 1 among women 192,200 new cases 31% of all female cancer
Mortality: No. 2 among women 40,200 deaths 15% of all female cancer deaths
Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer RiskSoy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Risk
Studies highlight the importance of consuming soy early in life
Prepubertal soy isoflavone exposure greatly reduced mammary cancer in adult rats
Data suggest women who consume soy as teenagers have a 50% less risk of developing breast cancer
Teenage (13-15 y) Soy Intake & Adult Breast Cancer Risk
Teenage (13-15 y) Soy Intake & Adult Breast Cancer Risk
1.00
0.75 0.69 0.690.51
<2.2 2.2 4.41 6.61 11
Soy protein intake (g/d)Soy protein intake (g/d)
Ad
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Results: pre/Results: pre/post, x age 47.post, x age 47.Other legumesOther legumesnot protective. not protective.
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(Shanghai: 1459 cases, 1556 cont)(Shanghai: 1459 cases, 1556 cont)
CEBP 10: CEBP 10: 481, 2001481, 2001
U.S. Prostate Cancer StatisticsU.S. Prostate Cancer Statistics
Incidence: No. 1 among men 31% of all male cancers 198,100 new cases, FY – 2001
Mortality: No. 2 among men 11% of all male cancer deaths 31,500 deaths, FY - 2001
““Compelling evidence suggests that Compelling evidence suggests that phytoestrogens may have a distinct phytoestrogens may have a distinct role in restraining the events role in restraining the events associated with this phase of prostatic associated with this phase of prostatic carcinogenesis.”carcinogenesis.”
International Prostate Health International Prostate Health Council Study GroupCouncil Study Group
The Prostate 45: 87, 2000The Prostate 45: 87, 2000
Soymilk Decreases Risk of Prostate Cancer
Soymilk Decreases Risk of Prostate Cancer
Studies suggest that soy may reduce the risk of cancer
Results indicate that frequent consumption of soymilk (more than once a day) reduces prostate cancer risk by 70%
Jacobsen, BK, Knutsen, SF, Fraser, GE . Does high soymilk intake Jacobsen, BK, Knutsen, SF, Fraser, GE . Does high soymilk intake reduce prostate cancer incidence? The Adventist Health Study (US). reduce prostate cancer incidence? The Adventist Health Study (US).
Cancer & Control Dec. 1998;9:553-557.Cancer & Control Dec. 1998;9:553-557.
Soy & Heart Disease Prevention
Coronary Heart Disease – U.S. Statistics
Coronary Heart Disease – U.S. Statistics
No.1 killer, 500,000 deaths/year
Accounts for 20% of all deaths
Twice every minute someone suffers from a coronary event
>7 million have a history of MI
>40 million have cholesterol
6.25 g protein/serving Low fat (less than 3 grams) Low saturated fat (less than 1 gram Low cholesterol (less than 20 mg.)
25 grams of soy protein per day, as part of a diet low in
saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce risk of heart disease
“…it is prudent to recommend… soy protein foods … to promote heart health.”
Circulation 102: 2555, 2000
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soy Protein Intake on Serum Lipids
Anderson et al, 333: 276, 1995
Meta-analysis: ResultsMeta-analysis: Results
34/38 trials found soy lowered cholesterol Average of 12.9% decrease in LDL (bad
cholesterol) Slight increase in HDL
(good cholesterol)
NEJM 333: 276, 1995NEJM 333: 276, 1995
Soy Protein and Cholesterol Reduction: Clinical Findings
Soy Protein and Cholesterol Reduction: Clinical Findings
Inversely related to initial cholesterol level
Considerable individual variation
For those with moderately elevated cholesterol, 5 – 10%
Effects apparent with 2 – 3 wks
Soy & Bone Health
Osteoporosis & Fractures:U.S. Statistics
Osteoporosis & Fractures:U.S. Statistics
30% of women have osteoporosis 25% have a vertebral deformity Lifetime risk of having a hip fracture
after age 50: Women, 18%; Men 6%
Mortality within 1 yr. of a hip fracture Women, 21%; Men, 36%
Why is soy believed to be good for bone health?
Why is soy believed to be good for bone health?
Estrogen-like effects
Ipriflavone Synthetic isoflavone shown to reduce bone loss in peri- & postmenopausal women
Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Bone Health
Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Bone Health
Isoflavones
Inhibit bone resorption
Stimulate bone formation
Soy protein
calcium excretion
Soy & Prevention of Menopausal Symptoms
Menopause 8 (5), 2001
Ad produced by: Revival Soy Protein
Percentage of Women Reporting Hot FlashesPercentage of Women Reporting Hot Flashes
9.7
30.9 34.8
Japan Canada US
Exp Gerontol 29: 307, 1994Exp Gerontol 29: 307, 1994
Soy and Hot Flashes:Basis for SpeculationSoy and Hot Flashes:Basis for Speculation
Few Japanese women report having hot flashes
Isoflavones are “weak estrogens” Hypothesis: The estrogen-like
properties of isoflavones alleviate hot flashes
Soy & Hot FlashesSoy & Hot Flashes
Possible Explanations: Works only in some women More effective at preventing than at
alleviating hot flashes Strong placebo effect associated with
relief from hot flashes
Most studies show modest benefits at best
Soy and Health: SummarySoy and Health: Summary
“Unique” source of isoflavones Heart Disease: Soy serum
cholesterol -other favorable effects likely
Cancer: Appears to be beneficial in preventing breast and prostate cancer
Osteoporosis: Encouraging results showing increase in bone density, long-term studies needed
Hot flashes: Inconsistent results, perhaps modest benefits
Soy Protein and Isoflavone Intake Recommendations
Soy Protein and Isoflavone Intake Recommendations
Approved by the FDA
Cholesterol reduction: 25 grams soy protein per day
Levels believed to be safe/effective based on collective research data
Cancer, CHD, osteoporosis, & hot flashes: 2 servings/day
Isoflavone intake: 50 mg/day; range, 30-100 mg/day
Online Database of the Isoflavone Content of Foods
www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/isoflav/isoflav.htmlc
Iowa State University&
How to Meet the 25 Grams-A-Day Soy Protein Recommendation
How to Meet the 25 Grams-A-Day Soy Protein Recommendation
¼ cup of firm tofu……………………... 10 grams of soy protein
½ cup of silken tofu…………….……… 9 grams of soy protein
2 soy breakfast links………….……… 12 grams of soy protein
1 soy-based burger…….……….… 10-12 grams of soy protein
8 ounces of plain soymilk….….……… 7 grams of soy protein
1 soy protein bar…………….….…..… 14 grams of soy protein
½ cup cooked soybeans….…….…… 14 grams of soy protein
½ cup tempeh………………….…..….. 16 grams of soy protein
½ cup roasted soy nuts………..……. 34 grams of soy protein
ResourcesResources
USB – www.soybean.org
SANA – www.soyfoods.org
ASA – www.soygrowers.com
Soyfoods directory – www.talksoy.com