PRESENTATION THESIS

ANALYSIS OF SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM BASED ON IEC 61850 USING TOPCAL SOFTWARE

A thesis submitted byUMAIR ABBASI 12EL47

Supervised by: PROF. DR. ASHFAQUE AHMED HASHMANI

CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. SAS architecture overview

3. SAS HMI commissioning

4. SAS functional configuration

5. SAS availability calculation

6. Conclusion and recommendation

INTRODUCTION• SAS is used for

1) Protection2) Monitoring3) Communication4) Control

• Hardwired control has been used in the past in earlier versions of SAS utilizing simple communication methods.

• Subsequently IEC61850 has been applied widely in SASs around the world.

OVERVIEW OF SUBSTATION AUTOMATIONSYSTEM (SAS)

Background

• Began in the 1980‘s

• Communications within substations was established between 2003 to 2005

• A major break-through has been achieved with the application of the Interoperability

• The new standard continues to have a large impact on the design and implementation of SASs.

BASIC FUNCTIONS OF SAS

• Monitoring functions

• Control functions

• Recording functions

• Protection functions

COMPONENTS OF IEC-61850 BASED SAS

(a) Operator workstation:• HMI (Human Machine Interface) is used to perform control

and monitoring operations for the entire substation. Engineering tasks, such as database maintenance and relay setting can be equipped in this HMI device.

(b) Station computer:• The station computer is a substation server device providing

control and monitoring functions, a remote control centre interface function, data recording function.

(c) BCU (Bay Control Unit):• This is a multifunction control and monitoring unit equipped

with a control and monitoring function at bay level for a single line.

• BCUs provided for each line.

• The BCU executes control processing in response to commands from the operator workstation or remote control centre under normal operational conditions.

SAS ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW

• Ensure communication reliability by adopting a redundant configuration of Ethernet switches

• Ensure redundant paths by adopting a ring topology.

• Ethernet switches on the IED side are common to several IEDs.

SAS ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW

SAS HMI COMMISSIONING

• The HMI is an important component of substations.

• In most technologies the capabilities of HMI are dependent not on the technology used but also on the capabilities and budget allocated to the implementation team.

• The HMI usually starts with a representation of the single line diagram of the station.

GENERAL SCREEN LAYOUT

Feeder Function IP address

Grid transformer Bay control 172.16.3.1

Protection 172.16.3.2

Bus coupler ABay control 172.16.130.1


Bus section Bay control 172.16.120.1


Bus coupler B

Bay control 172.16.230.1


Grid Transformer 2Bay control 172.16.4.1


Grid Transformer 3 Bay control 172.16.8.1


Common Alarm Annunciation Unit 172.16.0.2

SAS EQUIPMENT IP ADDRESS

SAS FUNCTIONAL CONFIGURATION

• The operator has to execute a sequence of operation in steps to control a switching device. A non-permissible operational step will be rejected by system.

• Successful and unsuccessful execution of commands is accompanied by suitable message in the event list with clear indication of the switching device & cause.

• No more than one command can be executed in BCU at a time.

• For safety reasons a new command must not be released in the same BCU before the previous one has been finished

SAS FUNCTIONAL CONFIGURATION

Redundancy is implemented to accommodate the three major failure modes

• Hardware failure

• Communication line

• Data loss.

SAS AVAILABILITY CALCULATION

S.# Component Name MTTF(h) Component

1 HMI 87’600 Monitor, Keyboard and Mouse

2 Station Computer 182’000 Industrial Computer red power supply and with RAID

3 Switch for IEC61850

474’289 AFS670 Switch with redundant PS

4 BCU REC670 893’520 Bay Control Unit for 132kV

5 BCU REF615 893’520 Bay Control Unit for 13.8kV

6 Industrial Gateway to NCC

182’000 Industrial Computer red Power Supply and with RAID

The General system structure of 132/13.8kV substation

CALCULATION MODEL

132 kV BCUs with Switch Rings: 132kV BCUs with switch ring consist of IED with double switch ring topology First of all we make availability diagram for switch ring 1A then switch 2A and link both switch rings in a common reliability diagram name as “Sum of 132kV”

Ethernet switches (1A) diagram of 132 kV

Ethernet switches (2A) diagram of 132 kV

Sum of 132 kV

13.8kV BCUs have only single Ethernet switch ring topology availability diagram for 13.8kV switch ring and link them to another availability diagram name as “Sum of 13.8kV”

13.8kV switch ring

Sum of 13.8kV switch ring

13.8kV BCUs WITH SWITCH RINGS

LOCAL STATION LEVEL MODEL

GATEWAY(PCS): Gateways are used as remote terminal unit, which has functions to receive a command from central control unit and also transport signal from substation to central control center

COMPLETE SAS

Diagram are shown, they are with link station level, gateway in parallel and sum of 132kV, sum of 13.8kV diagram in series

SYSTEM SIMULATIONS

MTTF CONSIDERING 30 FEATURES



RESULTS

Considering different numbers of IEDs feature we get following results from above system simulations model

ABOUT

SOFTWARE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• The availability of 99.9850% obtained by repairing a defective part within 6hours.

• Availability of 99.98% is mainly based on the redundant parts in the system configuration.

• As we use less number of IED features the availability of the overall system is increase and in the contra very as we use large number of features the availability of the system is decreases.

THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?

PRESENTATION THESIS

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