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Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

First Ionization Energy versus Atomic Number for the Elements through

79


Trends in Ionization Energy

80

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Trends in Successive Ionization Energies• Removal of each successive electron

costs more energy.– Shrinkage in size due to having

more protons than electrons– Outer electrons closer to the

nucleus; therefore harder to remove

• There’s a regular increase in energy for each successive valence electron.

• There’s a large increase in energy when core electrons are removed.

85


Trends in Second and Successive Ionization Energies

86

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Electron Affinities of Selected Main-Group Elements

93


Periodic Trends Summary

101

Qui2-, ^ 0 i j v v a - SSU!...

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