Recode DEQ Presentation 5.29
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Transcript of Recode DEQ Presentation 5.29
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http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/onsite/docs/RETData.pdf
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http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/onsite/docs/RETData.pdf
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Swedens PerformanceRequirements
normal areas:70% P reduction & reuse if possible
high risk areas:90% P reduction, 50% N reduction andreuse if possible
calculation:N and P calculated based on mean yearlydischarge.
La Pine PerformanceRequirements
existing development:35% N reduction to 30mg/L
future development:79% N reduction to 10mg/L
calculation:reduction compared to averageconcentration,no maximum loading.
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Treatment
Infiltration
Drainage
Prefabricated filters
Spray filters
Chemical precipitation
Phosphorus filter
Large phosphoric filters
Mini Sewage
Holding Tank
Toilets
Urine diverting dry toilet
Compost toilets
Combustion Toilet
Dry toilets
Common WC
Extremely low-flush toilet
Vacuum Toilet
Urine diverting flush toilet
Pre-Treatment
Septic tank
Approved Onsite Components
Swedens One Stop Shop for Onsite Education:
Swedens Performance Requirementsnormal areas: 70% reduction in P & Reuse if possiblehigh risk areas: 90% P reduction, 50% N reduction and Reuse if possible
Environmental Protection Agencys general advice to small drainage devices, NFS 2006:7
Finishing
Biofilterdike
Resorptionsdike
Precipitation
Wetland / pond
Irrigation
Rootzone infiltration
Infiltration
Drainage
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Septic with Woodchip Filter (Nitrex)
Installation in Harvard, Massachusetts.. Lombardo Associates.
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Septic with Woodchip Filter (Nitrex)
Diagram of Nitrex passive sand and wood chip filter system. Lombardo Associates.
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Septic with Woodchip Filter (Nitrex)
Cost: $20-28,000Impact: 80-90% nitrogen reduction
Potential:
Patent expired, maybe less expensive to
construct on site.
Problems:not legal without
WPCF permit (difficult)
Nitrex being shipped
from massachusetts
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Dry Composting Toilet
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Dry Composting Toilet
Cost: $1,200-6,000 +2/3 scale septic systemImpact: 80-90% nitrogen reduction
Potential:
lowest cost system for nitrogenreduction.
Problems:
not recognized as a nitrogenreducing system in Oregon,
must be coupled with septic.
Vera Environmentals Carousel Dry Toilet www.vera.no
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Stenstroem, Thor-Axel. REDUCTION EFFICIENCY OF INDEX PATHOGENSIN DRY SANITATION COMPARED WITH TRADITIONAL ANDALTERNATIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS. Swedish Institute
for Infectious Disease Control. 2002. p 2
How Does Composting compare as a treatment method?
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16/34San Franscisco Greywater Design Manual, 2011
Graywater Reuse
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San Franscisco Greywater Design Manual, 2011Photo Credit: Josh Lowe
Graywater Reuse
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Fecal Loading in Graywater by Indicator
Indicator Organism Fecal Load(grams/person/day)
E. coli 65g
Faecal enterococci 5.4gcholesterol .22g
coprostanol .04g
"The measurement of the two different sterols, however,gives a concentration span of potential faecal input that ismore realistic than... the indicator bacteria. "
Stenstroem & Ottoson, 2003. Faecal contamination of greywater and
associated microbial risks. Water Research 37 (2003) pg 652.
Realistic Load
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Graywater Filter and infiltration system
Potential:less expensive than septic system for graywater treatment.
Problems:
must be coupled witha redundant septic
system.
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Jetsgroup 2009
Vacuum Flush System
Problems:
Cluster systemsnot permitted by
Planning Bureauand requiresvariance fromPlumbing Code.
Potential:
Uses 1/5 the water of ultra low flow toilets.
More concentrated effluent lowers
treatment costs.
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Wostman Ecology's Vacuum Flush ''EcoVac"
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2" piping allows for easier installation
Roedigger 2007.
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Gloskow, Poland. vacuum station. Roedigger. roevac.com
Vacuum Sewers along the Rhine inGermany. Roevac.com
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Septic Tank with Urine Diverting Toilet
Costs: $3,900-6,500 for retrofit with existing septic. $150-300/year for once a year pumping of urine and septic.
Impact: Reduces nitrogen in effluent by 80%.
Potential: Low cost means to meet strict nitrogen standards.Urine can be used as fertilizer.
Problems:
Requires plan forbeneficial reuse.
Holding tanks not allowed
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User Acceptance of Urine Diversion
Peter-Frhlich, Bonhomme, Oldenburg, 2007. Sanitation Concepts for Separate
treatment of Urine, Faeces, and Greywater (SCST)- Results. Berlin: KompentzzentrumWasser Berlin.
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Operations and Maintenance in France
Intestinale Members, France
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Portable Dry Toilets
Cost: 10-20% higher than portable chemical wet toilets.Impact:All nutrients can be reused through compostinginstead of adding to treatment plant.
Potential:Lower treatment costs.
Diversifies income for dry
toilet installers.
Problems:
Limited treatment facilities in
Oregon.
Biocappi portable dry toilets. Yverdon, Switzerland. Photo by Molly Danielsson.
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1m3 portable dry toilets, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Portable Vacuum Toilets
Cost: Ultra high-end
Image Credit: Flexiloo UK
Barriers: none
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Fact sheets
Case Studies
Information on CodesTour Updates
www.recodeoregon.org
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230 liters wastewater per person per day (60 gallons): USEPA 2002: EPA/625/R-00/008, Onsite Treatment Systems Manual, 3.31.
40mg/L nitrogen transported to aquifer: based on 10-40% removal N during infiltration USEPA 2002, Figure 3-17
Human excrement production:
843g/week feces: Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 11: 1998, 2358
2 pints/day urine. Gotaas, Composting-Sanitary Reclamation of Organic Wastes. World Health Organization, Monograph No. 31. Geneva: 1953.
Nitrogen transport to aquifer from manure spreading, 5-87mg/L, averaging to 46mg/L: Saskatchewan Watershed Authority 2009: SH/SWA H01-2009, Onsite WastewaterTreatment Systems in Subdivisions, Pg 18.
58 liters manure per 1000kg beef cattle: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2003: ASE D384.1 FEB03, Manure Production Charateristics, page 683.
Full grown Steer 750lb (340kg): Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service: AGEC-579, Steer-Heifer Feeder Cattle Basis by Weight Groups