Sesion 1
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ISC. Meztli Valeriano Orozco
DIPLOMADO DE INGLES
NIVEL III
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UNIDAD I
PAST TENSE
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● En inglés para hablar en pasado empleamos dos tipos de verbos:
● Verbos regulares● Verbos irregulares
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Verbos Regulares● Son los verbos acabados en "ed", por ejemplo:
I worked -> Yo trabajé
I studied -> Yo estudié
● Para formarlos bastará con agregar la terminación “ed” al infinitivo del verbo
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Ejemplos:
● Work -> Worked● Play -> Played● Finish -> Finished● Plan -> Planned● Fit -> Fitted● Call -> Called● Quit -> Quitted
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Regla # 1
● Si el verbo es de una sola sílaba y tiene la forma CVC (Consonante, Vocal, Consonante) tendrás que repetir la última consonante antes de añadir la terminación “ed”.
● Fit -> Fitted● Drop -> Dropped
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Regla # 2
● Si el verbo termina con “y” y se encuentra precedido de una consonante, la letra “y” tendrá que ser sustituida por la letra “i”, para despues añadir la terminación “ed”.
● Cry -> Cried● Study -> Studied● Fly -> Flied
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Regla # 3
● Si el verbo termina en “e”, solo tendrás que añadir la letra “d”.
● Dance -> Danced● Bake -> Baked● Complete -> Completed● Measure -> Measured
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Ejercicio # 1
● Forma el pasado de los siguientes verbos:
Attack (atacar) Spell (deletrear)
Behave (comportarse) Live (vivir)
Ask (preguntar) Open (abrir)
Cough (toser)
Borrow (pedir prestado)
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Verbos Irregulares
● Son los verbos que hay que aprenderse de memoria, ya que no siguen una regla específica para su conjugación en tiempos infinitivo/pasado/pasado participio. Por ejemplo:
"do" hacer
You did it -> Tú lo hiciste
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Estructura del Pasado Simple
+ Verbo en Pasado + C
Ana cried for his boyfriend
They studied for the quiz
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¿Cuando usamos el Tiempo Pasado?
● We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.
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Podemos usarlo para hablar acerca de un punto específico en el tiempo.
● She came back last Friday.● I saw her in the street.● We danced with Mariana and Nicole.
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● It can also be used to talk about a period of time.
● She lived in Tokyo for seven years.● They traveled to London last week..
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● Yesterday● three weeks ago● last year● in 2002● from March to June
Encontrarás que el pasado simple emplea “time expressions” como estas:
● for a long time● for 6 weeks● in the 1980s● in the last century● in the past
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Negando en Pasado
+ did not / didn't + verbo en + C.
Infinitivo
● Willfred didn't eat pasta for 5 weeks● Luis and Paco didn't leave the band.● We didn't sleep since the attack.
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Recuerda
● Para negar y preguntar en pasado se utiliza el verbo auxiliar "did" para todas las personas.
● El verbo "did" es un verbo auxiliar (no significa hacer) y, por tanto, NUNCA debe utilizarse conjuntamente con el verbo "to be".
● Por ejemplo: No se dice: "Didn't are."
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Conjugando al Verbo “to be”
Presente● I am● You are● He / She / It is● We are● You are● They are
Pasado● was● were● was● were● were● were
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Negando con el Verbo “To be”Normal
● I was not● You were not● He was not● She was not ● It was not● We were not● You were not● They were not
Contracted● I wasn't● You weren't● He wasn't● She wasn't● It wasn't● We weren't● You weren't● They weren't
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Ejemplos:
● I was not a great basketball player.● Terry wasn't living in Monterrey.● Ana, Mary and me weren't classmates.● It wasn't windy.● They weren't a marriage two years ago.
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USED TO
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● Usamos la expresión 'used to' para hablar sobre algo que hacíamos regularmente en el pasado pero que no realizamos más en el presente.
● I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.
● Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.
● I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.
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Estructura
+ used to + verbo + C.
infinitivo
● I used to go to the gym● Ana used to play hockey● They used to go out to dinner
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Tambien lo utilizamos para hablar de algo que fue verdad pero que ya no lo es más.
● There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't.
● She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.
● I didn't use to like him but now I do.
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También se usa 'to be used to doing' para decir que algo es normal o usual.
● I'm used to living on my own. I've done it for quite a long time.
● Hans has lived in England for over a year, so he is used to driving on the left now.
● They've always lived in hot countries, so they aren't used to dealing the cold weather.
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Usamos 'to get used to doing' para hablar sobre algo a lo que nos estamos acostumbrando.
● She has started working nights and is still getting used to sleeping during the day.
● I have always lived in the country but now I'm beginning to get used to living in the city.
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Expressions of Quantity
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● Son colocadas después de los nombres y expresan que tanto ('how much' or 'how many') existe sobre algo.
● Algunas expresiones de cantidad solo son usadas con uncountables nouns y otros solo con countable nouns.
● Otras expresiones de cantidad son usadas con ambos, ya sea contable o no contable
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Much – Not Countables
Se utiliza con nombres no-contables en oraciones negativas y preguntas.
● How much homework do we get?● How much money do I need?● How much milk do you want?● Is there much sugar in my tea?
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Many – Countable nouns
Se usa con nombre contables en oraciones negativas y preguntas.
● How many sisters does he have?● How many pupils are in this class?● How many books do you buy?● How many cows live on this farm?
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A few – Countable nouns
Se usa con nombres contables.
● There are just a few examples.● I meet a few friends● I see a few hundred pupils.● I've got few brothers.
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A little - Uncontables
Usamos "a little" con nombres no-contables.
● There is little tea left.● Not a lot, only a little, please.● I've got little money.
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A lot of / Lots of
Se usa tanto para nombres contables como no contables.
● There are a lot of cookies● They have got a lot of CDs.● There are a lot of things on your table.● We have got lots of money.