Tintes Completo Molle.docx

7/23/2019 Tintes Completo Molle.docx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/tintes-completo-molledocx 1/46

1.- INTRODUCCION.........................................................................................3

2.-JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN.......................................................5

3.- OBJETIVOS.................................................................................................5

4.- REVISION BIBLIOGRAFIA...........................................................................6

4.1.- DEFINICION DE TERMINOS BASICOS......................................................................6

4.2. MARCO CONEPTUAL....................................................................................................7

4.2.1 MARCO TEORICO.............................................................................7

4.2.2 REFERENCIAS HISTÓRICAS.............................................................8

4.2.3 LOS TINTES NATURALES..................................................................

4.2.4.- CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS COLORANTES NATURALES.....................11

4.2.5. FUENTES DE OBTENCIÓN DE COLORANTES NATURALES..............15

4.2.6 M!TODOS DE E"TRACCIÓN DE COLORANTES NATURALES............15

4.2.7. ESTRUCTURA #U$MICA DE UN COLORANTE..................................16

4.2.8. %LANTAS TINTÓREAS....................................................................18

4.2.. MORDIENTES................................................................................18

4.2..1.- MORDIENTES A TRAV!S DE LOS A&OS..................................1

4..2..2.- TI%OS DE MORDIENTES #U$MICOS'......................................2(

4.2.1(. LA %LANTA DE MOLLE )SCHINUS MOLLE.*..................................21

5.- DESARROLLO DEL TRABAJO....................................................................26

5.1.- OBTENCION DEL TINTE DE MOLLE.......................................................................26

5.1.2.- %ROCEDIMIENTOS'......................................................................27

5.1.3.- FLUGOGRAMA O%ERACIONES......................................................28

5.2.- TEÑIDO CON EL TINTE DE MOLLE.........................................................................28

5.3.- EXPERIMENTACION..................................................................................................29

5.3.1.- ELABORACION DEL TINTE............................................................2

5.3.2.- %ROCESO DE TE&IDO DE LA %RENDA DE ALGODÓN..................32

5.3.3.- %RUEBAS DE RESISTENCIA DEL TINTE + TE&IDO........................37

5.1.3.1. %RUEBA DE LAVADO DE LA %RENDA......................................37

6.- COSTOS DE ELABORACION......................................................................41

7.- RESULTADOS........................................................................................... 41

8.- CONCLUCIONES.......................................................................................42

.- DISCUCIONES..........................................................................................42

1(.- RECOMENDACIONES.............................................................................43

11.- BIBLIOGRAFIA........................................................................................45

LINKORAFIA.....................................................................................................................46

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4.- REVISION BIBLIOGRAFIA

4.1.- DEFINICION DE TERMINOS BASICOS

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<(, &'+%)+"* #% <*" > /,/%. E+ &'*#%,/% &:( )'&, #%(#% +" ')"

*%(:,)" %( %+ "+&*%; &,%*"+ ?% (% %,)%,/*" %, +" ,"/*"+%"; %*' (% (",

'/*'( )'&' +" ("+; %+ +&,; %+ $,"*% > ((/",)"( %(%)"+%( "*" #%/%*&,"#'(

/,/%(. A+,'( &"/%*"+%( )'&' %+ "+'#,; %, ')"(',%( (', /*"/"#'( )',

&'*#%,/%( ",/%( #% (%* /%#'( "*" ?% %+ )'+'* (% "#%*" &:( <:)+&%,/% " +"

<*".

L'( &"/%*"+%( /,/*%'( (', &> $"*"#'(. L'( #% '*%, ",/' (% #%,'&,",

)'+'*",/%( > &%,/'( " %++'( (% "*%", +"( ",+,"(; )'+'*",/%( &'#%*,'( #%

<"*)"), ,#(/*"+ ?% $", ((//>%,#' ')' " ')' +'( &"/%*"+%( /*"#)',"+%(.

4.2.3 LOS TINTES NATURALES

L'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( (', ((/",)"( '/%,#"( #% #<%*%,/%( "*/%( #% +",/"( )',

)"+#"#%( #% )'+'*%"* ' /%*; &%#",/% #<%*%,/%( *')%('( "*/%(","+%(. D%,/*' #%

%(/'( *')%('( %(/: +" &")%*"),; +" <%*&%,/"), > +" )')), M'*"+%( A; 22G.

%,/0 46



S%, "*"&++' @ 1988; +'( /,/%( (', ((/",)"( ?!&)"( ?% /%,%, +" *'%#"#

#% /*",(<%** )'+'* " +"( <*"(. L'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( #%(%&%", "%+%( &>

#$%*('( %, +"( +",/"( ' ",&"+%( #% ?% *')%#%,.

E( &'*/",/% &%,)',"* ?% ,' (%&*% %=(/% ," )'**%(',#%,)" %,/*% %+ )'+'*

#% +" +",/" > %+ /,/% ?% (% '/%,% #% %++".

L" /+"), #% /,/%( ,"/*"+%( (% " ++%$"#' " )"' #%(#% %+ '&*% *%(/*)';

)', %+ '%/$' #% %&%++%)%* > "#'*,"* #<%*%,/%( "*/!)+'( #% (' )'**%,/%. P"*"

%++'; (% "*'$%) #% , *", ,&%*' #% +",/"( )', )"*")/%*!(/)"( /,/*%"(; #',#%

(% +%( %=/*"' (( *'%#"#%( #% /,), > "(! (% <%*', )*%",#' ,%$'( )'+'*%( >

"&%,/",#' ( )',')&%,/' %, %(/" )%,)". S",)% P; D(', A; 1984. S,

%&"*'; )', %+ "(' #% +'( "'( +" /*"#), ",)%(/*"+ #% /%* > )'+'*%"* (% "

#%+/"#'. N' (+' (% %(/: %*#%,#' %+ (' #% "+,'( *%)*('( ,"/*"+%( )', *'%#"#%( )'+'*",/%(; (,' /"&, +"( /),)"( ' *')%#&%,/'( #% /,),.

M'*"+%( A; 22.

L" #%(""*), #%+ )',')&%,/' #% +" %=/*")), #% /,/%( > %+ "*/% #% /%*;

%&% " "*/* #%+ (+' "("#'; )",#' +'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( )%#%*', /%**%,' " +'(

(,//)'(; #%#' " ?% %(/'( +/&'( *'#)%, )'+'*%( &:( ++"&"/$'( > *++",/%(.

A+ <"*)"* ,%$'( &"/)%( (,//)"&%,/%; (% " %)' &:( )%,/!<)' %+ %(/#' #%

+"( &"/%*"( )'+'*",/%(; )',#)%,#' " , &%'* )',')&%,/' > /+"), #%

&)'( /,/%( > " +" (!,/%(( #% +'( &(&'(. P%*' %(/% #%("**'++'; "#%&:( #% ++%$"* "+

'+$#' +"( ",/"( /),)"( #% %=/*")),; ", )*%"#' *'+%&"( ",/%( ,' )',')#'(

'* %+ '&*% )'&' /'=)#"# > )',/"&,"), S",)% P; D(', A; 1984

A,/% %(/" (/"),; " ,")#' ," )*%)%,/% *%')"), '* *%(%*$"* +" %)'+'!"

%, ,%(/*' +",%/"; > +'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( ", )'*"#' , *%,'$"#' ,/%*(. E(/';

'*?% "+ %&+%"*(% %+ (' #% +'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%(; (% %(/: ('+)',",#' %, *", "*/%

%+ *'+%&" #% +" )',/"&,"), )', %<+%,/%( /=)'( +'( )"+%( *'$%,%, #%+

*')%(' ,$'+)*"#' %, %+ /%#' #% <*"( /%=/+%( ONU 1999.

L'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( (', &%'*%( ?% +'( (,//)'( '*?% (&+%&%,/% ,' )',/%,%,

)'&',%,/%( ?!&)'( %*#)"+%( "*" +" ("+#. E, %(" &%##" (', *'#)/'(

(",'( > &:( )',<"+%( ?% +'( )'+'*",/%( #% (!,/%(( ?!&)".

L"( +",/"( )'+'*",/%( (% (", '* (+'( %, +"( "+/"( )+/*"( #% +" &",#"#;

*%" #% *", "<,#"# )', %+ '&*%. M)"( #% %++"( (', /+"#"( )'&' +",/"(

%,/0 ! 46



&%#),"+%( )'&' %+ !,#'; %+ &'++% ' +" *"/",". P'* %+ )',/*"*' "> )'+'*",/%(

(,//)'( &> %+*'('( "*" +" ("+# /",/' ?% (', *'#'( %, +'( "!(%( )',

+%(+"), "&%,/"+ > #% ("+# +)" &:( "$","#'( )'&' +" C'&,#"#

E*'%". M"**',% L

"*"&++'; @%*,:, 1988 )'&%,/" ," *", )",/#"# #% +",/"( #%+ )',/,%,/% (*$ "*" %=/*"%* ( &"/%*"+ )'+'*",/% +'( )"+%( <%*', $(/'('( > H+&'(. S

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"/%,), #% +" $(/" '* ( *++'. L" ,"/*"+ "*&',!" #% (( )'&,")',%( +'( ")%

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#% )',/*"(/% > "&"( #% /',"+#"#%( &'(+%( #% +'*"* )', )'+'*",/%( "*/<)"+%(.

4.2.4.- CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS COLORANTES NATURALES

U, )*/%*' /+ #% )+"(<)"), #% +'( )'+'*",/%( %( %, "(% " ( %(/*)/*"&'+%)+"*; ?% %*&/% "*"* )'&',%,/%( "<,%( %, )",/' " ( )'&'*/"&%,/'

> *'%#"#%( %,*)"(. C', +'( )'+'*",/%( ,"/*"+%( )'&%,"*%&'( '* %(/#"* "+

*' &:( ,&%*'('; )'&' %( %+ #% +'( )'+'*",/%( $%%/"+%(.

COLORANTES 'E%ETALES

L'( )'+'*",/%( ,"/*"+%( $%%/"+%( (% %#%, "*"* %, (%( <"&+"(; ?% (',

CarotenoideL'( )"*'/%,'#%( (', %(/*)/*"( ('*%,'#%(; *%(%,/%( %, )'+'*",/%( >

&%,/'( ,"/*"+%( %, +",/"( (%*'*%(; "+"(; ','( > ")/%*"(. L"

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Clorofli*o

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Tanni*o

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4.2.5. FUENTES DE OBTENCIÓN DE COLORANTES NATURALESL"( <%,/%( ,"/*"+%( #% '/%,), #% )'+'*",/%(; (', *,)"+&%,/% +"( +",/"(

(%*'*%(; /"&, +"( "+"(; ','( > +!?%,%( %, %+ *%,' $%%/"+ > )%*/'( /'(

#% ,(%)/'( > "+,'( '*",(&'( &"*,'( ,$%*/%*"#'( #%,/*' #%+ *%,' ",&"+.

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<+'*%( "*" *%"+"* +" '+,"), ' )'&' <")/'* #% "/*")), %,/*% ,%*'( "*" +"

*%*'#)),; %/).

4.2.6 M#TODOS DE E$TRACCIÓN DE COLORANTES NATURALESC",#' (% " (%+%))',"#' ," <%,/% #% )'+'*",/% ,"/*"+; %+ (%,/% "(' %(

"(+"* %+ &(&' #%+ *%(/' #% +" %(/*)/*" #% +" +",/" ' ",&"+ ?% +' )',/%,%. A

%(/% *')%(' (% +' #%,'&," %=/*")),. E+ &/'#' " %&+%"* "*" %=/*"%* ,#%/%*&,"#' &%,/' ' )'+'*",/%; $" " %(/"* )',#)',"#' '* ," (%*% #% <")/'*%(

?% ")% ?% )"#" %=/*")), (%" , *')%(' "*/)+"* > %(%)!<)' "*" )"#"

'*",(&' '*/"#'* > "*" )"#" /' #% &"/%*"+ " %=/*"%*.

L' ?% (! (% %#% %(/"+%)%* #% %,/*"#"; %( ?% "+,'( &/'#'( #% %=/*")),

*%(+/", (&+%( )', , *'#)/' )"( *' )'&' %( %+ )"(' #% +" %=/*")), #%+

&%,/' ",/')",," #%+ *%'++' &'*"#'; &%,/*"( ?% '/*'( *%(+/", &:(

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%,/0 14 46



4.2.7. ESTRUCTURA %U&MICA DE UN COLORANTE

U," *%<+%=, ''*/," +%' #% +' $(/' "(/" %+ &'&%,/'; (%*!" *%,/"*(% '*?%

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?% ," ((/",)" (%" )'+'*",/%. L" *%(%(/" %( (&+%.

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%RUPO CROM&ORO

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*%(%,)" %( +" *%(',("+% #% %,%*"* )'+'* "+ )'&%(/' (% +'( #%,'&,"

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F%,/% ///",,'(./*'#.)'&&'++%%(./&

%RUPO AU-OCROMO

%,/0 15 46





S% #%,'&," "(! " "?%++'( *'( #% :/'&'( )', )"*" '(/$"; ?% /%,%, +"

*'%#"# #% ,/%,(<)"* +" ")), #% , *' )*'&<'*' #%,/*' #% +" &(&"

&'+)+" #% ," ((/",)".

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E+ *' "=')*'&' ('+' ,' %,%*" )'+'*.

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?% ")% #%(+""* +'( )'( #% "('*), #% + #% +'( *'( ,("/*"#'(

)*'&<'*'(G ")" +',/#%( #% ',#" +"*" "#%&:( #% "&%,/"* (( ,/%,(#"#%(.

E%&+' #% %++' (', +'( *'( #"',' ?% (', *'( )*'&<'*'( <%*/%(; #',#%

N %( %+ "=')*'&' #%+ , #"',' > R %#% (%* , ((//>%,/% '*:,)'

)"+?%*".

F*" 4.2.7.2 *' A=')*'&'

F%,/% ///",,'(./*'#.)'&&'++%%(./&

A+,'( %%&+'( #% "=')*'&'( (',

*'( :)#'( )'&' %+ ")%/+' COO@G; #*'=+' O@G; (+<',+' SO3@G.

*'( :()'( )'&' "&,' N@2G; > "&,' &',' ((//#' N@RG.

COMPUESTOS CROM%ENOS

C'&' (%"+"&'( ",/%*'*&%,/%; "+ )'&%(/' ?% )',/%,%, *'( )*'&<'*'( (%

+% #%,'&," )*'&%,'; ?% %/&'+)"&%,/% (,<)" %,%*"#'* #%+ )'+'*.

D%% /%,%*(% %, )%,/" ?% %+ )*'&%,' ,' %( , *' ' *"#)"+ "/&)' (,' %+

,'&*% %,*)' #% +'( )'&%(/'( ' ((/",)"( ?% )',/%,%, )*'&<'*'(.

%,/0 16 46





4.2.. PLANTAS TINTÓREAS

S% )',(#%*", +",/"( /,/*%"(; /'#"( "?%++"( %(%)%( ?% )',/%,%, "+,"(

)',)%,/*")',%( #% )'+'*",/% %, #<%*%,/%( *",'(; )'&' *"!)%(; /"++'(; '"(; <+'*%(

> (%&++"( IC; P%* 199. E(/'( )'+'*",/%( (', *'#)#'( #*%)/"&%,/% '* +"

")/$#"# <('+)" #% +"( +",/"(. S% "++", %, &">'* )',)%,/*"), %, +"(

$")'+"( #% +"( )++"( $%%/"+%(; #',#% (% "(')", )', '/*'( %+%&%,/'( )'&'")%/%(; *%(,"(; /",,'( )', )"*:)/%* "(/*,%,/% > '/*'( S",)% P; D(', A.1984.

4.2.!. MORDIENTES

L" "+"*" &'*#%,/% $%,% #%+ L"/!, mordere, ?% (,<)" H&'*#%*; "*%("*;

""**"* D'*'%",, M; 1965. E+ /*&,' &'*#%,/% %( "+)"#' " )"+?%*

((/",)" #% '*%, ,"/*"+ ' (,//)' ?% (*$% "*" <"* %+ )'+'*",/% %, +" <*".

A,/"&%,/% (% %&+%"", *'#)/'( ,"/*"+%( )'&' )%,"(; '"( #% "")"/%;

)'*/%" #% ,'"+ > "&)+. @'> %, #!"; %+ %&+%' #% &'*#%,/%( %( #% '*%,?!&)'; +" &">'*!" (', ("+%( &%/:+)"( )'&' "+&,'; )'*% > %(/"'; +"( )"+%(

(% #(%+$%, %, "" )"+%,/% (%"*",#' %+ &%/"+ #% +" ("+ "*" '(/%*'*&%,/% ,*(%

" +" <*" "*" <"* %+ /,/% D'*'%",, M; 1965.

S%, C*"#' A +'( &'*#%,/%( (', (&+%( ("+%( &%/:+)"( ?% ">#", " +"* +'(

/,/%( " +"( <*"(. D)"( ("+%( (% <", %, +" <*"; > +'( /,/%( (% <", %, +"( ("+%(

&%/:+)"(. E+ &'*#%,/% :()"&%,/% ")% /*%( )'("(

A>#" " ?% +'( /,/%( (% <%, %, +" <*".

A<%)/" %+ )'+'* *'#)#' '* +'( /,/%(; %, '/*"( "+"*"( +' ,/%,(<)", ' +' ")%

&:( /%,%.

A)/" "*" &",/%,%* +'( )'+'*%( %(/"+%( %, *%(%,)" #% +" +.

L'( /,/'*%*'( ", /+"#' +'( &'*#%,/%( '* &+%( #% "'(; > %=(/% ," %,"

*", "*" %++'; )%*/'( &'*#%,/%( %,%*"+&%,/% (% /+", )', )%*/'( /,/%(. U,"

$% ?% (% %,/%,#% ):+%( (', +'( <,#"&%,/'( #% '* ? (% /+" , )%*/'

&'*#%,/% ' ">#",/% %, , /,/% "*/)+"*; >" ,' %( ,%)%("*' (%* *%)%/"(; (,'

?% (% %#%, /+"* #<%*%,/%( &'*#%,/%( "*" #%("**'++"* +'( )'+'*%( ?% (%

#%(%",. P"*" +'*"* /"+ '%/$'; %( ,%)%("*' /+"* , &'*#%,/% %(%)!<)' %,

%?%"( )",/#"#%(; > +%' (%* "#)',",#' &:( )",/#"#%( #% &'*#%,/%(

"(/" '/%,%* %+ )'+'* ?% (% #%(%". C*"#' A

%,/0 17 46



4.2.9.1.- MORDIENTES A TRAVÉS DE LOS AÑOS

L" "+"*" &'*#%,/% $%,% #%+ +"/!, &'*#%*; "("#" %, +" )*%%,)" #% ?% "+,"(

((/",)"( &'*#!", +" <*" "*" ")%*+" *%)* &%'* %+ /,/%. S', ("+%( &,%*"+%( '

&%/:+)"(; ('++%( %, ""; ?% )",#' (% ""#%, "+ "' #% /,/*" %,+"",;

,/%,(<)", ' )"&", %+ )'+'* #%+ "' #% /,/*" > ")%, ?% %+ )'+'* (%" &:(

<%*/% " +" +; "+ +"$"#' > "+ *')%. E,/*% +"( )'&,#"#%( ,#!%,"( ",#,"(; <%*',/*"""#'( +'( &'*#%,/%( ,"/*"+%(; /+"*', %+ /*&,' H%,%"* ?% %*" +" ")),

#% "+)"* %+ &'*#%,/% " +'( +'( > /%#'(; ",/%( #% *%)* %+ "' #% /,/*". L'(

&'*#%,/%( > +'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( ", %(/"#' %(/*%)"&%,/% ,#'( )', %+

#%()*&%,/' #% +"( ("+%( #% "+&*% %, +"( +",/"(; %( %+ )"(' #% +'( +!?%,%( >

+'( &('(; #% +"( ("+%( #% %**' %,)',/*"#"( %, "**'( > %, +"( *"!)%( )'&' %, +"

+%," #% $")" R&%=; %+ '&*% *%"* (( +'(. A &%##" ?% (% <%*', (",#'

%(/"( +",/"( )'&' /,/%(; (% %,)',/* ?% /%,!", *'%#"#%( ?% ")!", %*&",%,/%%+ )'+'* > (% <%*', ""#%,#' " '/*'( /,/%( '* (( %,"( )"+#"#%(. T'#' %(/' (%

")" (, )',')%* +"( *'%#"#%( ?!&)"(; ("+%( #% "+&*% ' #% %**' ?%

)',/%,!", "+,"( +",/"(. D'*'%",, M 1965G.

M)'( %+'( ,#!%,"( #% A&*)" /"&, )%*', (' #% #<%*%,/%( ((/",)"(

)'&' &'*#%,/%(. L"( &%*%( HN"$"'; /*"#)',"+&%,/% "*" &'*#%,/"* ("",

"" &%)+"#" )', +"( )%,"( *'$%,%,/%( #% +" )'&(/, #% +"( *"&"( #% ,

:*'+ ++"&"#' H%,%*,". E, A&*)" #%+ S*; ")!", (' #% +"( )%,"( #% &"#%*")'&' &'*#%,/%(. L'( HO"> /+"", )"+?%* &"/%*"+ ?% (% +%( ')**!"

)'&' &'*#%,/%(; '* %%&+' )%,"( #% &"#%*"; "" )', ("**'; "*)++"( +')"+%(; >

'+$' #% *')"( /*/*"#"(. E, B"+; +"( '"( #% +"( "+&"( #% )')' ?%&"#"( >

&%)+"#"( )', ""; /"&, (% /+"", )'&' &'*#%,/%(. E, &)"( )+/*"(

#<%*%,/%( , &'*#%,/% ?% /+"", )'&,&%,/% %*" +" &%)+" #% %=)*%&%,/' #%

'$%" )', "" D'*'%",, M 1965G.

A#%&:( #% +'( &'*#%,/%( ",/%*'*&%,/% &%,)',"#'(; (/*)"&%,/% +'( /,/'*%*'(

&)"( $%)%( %&+%"*', )"+#%*'( #% &%/"+; +'( )"+%( ")/"", )'&' &'*#%,/%( "

+" '*" #% +" /,),. A+,'( #% +'( &:( /*"#)',"+%( /,/'*%*'( '*%,/"+%( ("",

)"+#%*'( #% "+&,'; %**'; )'*% > %(/"'. S, %&"*'; %(/% &/'#' /+"*

)"+#%*'( )'&' &'*#%,/%(G /%,% %+ *'+%&" ?% +" )",/#"# #% ("+%( #%+ &%/"+ #%+

)"+#%*' ?% (% +%*" ,' %#% (%* )',/*'+"#"; '* +' /",/' ,' (% /%,% ,"

,<'*&#"# %, +'( )'+'*%( ?% (% '/%,%, , ?% (% #%(%",. A,?% %+ /+"* +'(

)"+#%*'( #% &%/"+ )'&' &'*#%,/%( /%,% +" $%,/"" #% ?% (', (%*'( "*" %+

%,/0 1 46



/,/'*%*'; >" ?% &)"( ("+%( &%/:+)"( *"( (', &> /=)"(; )'&' '* %%&+'

+" ("+ #% )'*% D'*'%",, M 1965G.

4..2.9.2.- TIPOS DE MORDIENTES QUÍMICOS:

Aluminio (Sulfato de aluminio . /otaio): %( , &,%*"+ +",)' #%'(/"#'

%, %+ <',#' #% &)'( /'( #% <'*&")',%( *')'("(; %, #<%*%,/%( "*/%( #%+

&,#'. E( %+ &'*#%,/% ?% &:( <*%)%,/%&%,/% (% (" '* +'( /,/'*%*'(

,"/*"+%(. N' %( /=)' *%+"/$"&%,/%; %*' %( &> "(/*,%,/% > %#% (%)"*

+" %+ D'*'%",, M 1965G. E(/% &'*#%,/% %( #% &%#"," *%((/%,)" " +"

+ > (% (" )"( (%&*% %, )'&,"), )', +" )*%&" #% /:*/"*' R'?%*' >C*#'"; 1981G.

Cromo (Di*romato de /otaio): %( , ?!&)' #% )'+'* ,"*"," )+"*'; %+

)"+ %( &> (%,(+% " +" + > '* +' /",/' %( ,%)%("*' "+&")%,"*+' %,

+"*%( '()*'( > &",/%,%*+' /""#'. E( ," ((/",)" &> ):(/)" >

$%,%,'(" %, /'#"( (( <'*&"( %, '+$'; %, ('+), +!?#" ' %, &'G; ,'

(% %#% /+"* %, )',,/' )', '/*'( &'*#%,/%(. E+ )*'&' (% /+" %,

%?%"( )",/#"#%( "*" '/%,%* ( %<%)/' > '* %(' ,' (% /+" &)' %,

+" ")/$#"# /,/*%"; #%#' " ?% %( &> #<!)+ &",%"* #)"( )",/#"#%(.

E(/% &'*#%,/% %( &:( %<%)/$' )",#' (% (" #%(( #%+ /%#'; #%#' "

?% (% #(&,>% %+ /%&' %, ?% %+ )*'&' %(/"*: %=%(/' " +" +

D'*'%",, M 1965G. Co0re (Sulfato de *o0re): /"&, (% +% )',')% )'&' $/*'+' "+. E( ,

?!&)' &> $%,%,'('. E+ )'*% %,%*"+&%,/% /%,% , %<%)/' $%*#% )+"*'

)",#' (% %(/: /+",#' %, +" /,),. E+ )'*% %#% (%* /+"#' (+'

)'&' &'*#%,/%; ' %#% (%* ""##' )'&' '( &'*#%,/% "*" '()*%)%* +'()'+'*%(; ' )',$%*/* , "&"*++' ' , "&"*++' $%*#% " , $%*#% &:(

#%<,#' D'*'%",, M 1965G. 1ierro (Sulfato ferroo): (% +% )',')% /"&, )'&' $/*'+' $%*#%; > (

%<%)/' %( '()*%)%* +'( )'+'*%(. %,%*"+&%,/% %+ %**' (% ("; )",#' "+

<,"+ #% ," /,), ('*" /,/% "+ )"+ (% +% #%(%" )"&"* %+ /','. S% #%%,

")%* *%"( %, +"( <*"( " /%*; >" ?% %, <*"( <,"( %#% )"("* #"'(

D'*'%",, M 1965G.

%,/0 1! 46



Tanino (!*ido t2ni*o): %( ," ((/",)" ,"/*"+ %,)',/*"#" %, +" )'*/%" #%

+'( :*'+%(; %, +"( ""++"( #%+ *'+%; %, +"( '"( #% /; > %, '/*"( "*/%( #% +"

+",/". E+ :)#' /:,)' %,%*"+&%,/% %( ("#' )'&' , "((/%,/% #%+

"+&,'. S, %&"*' %#% (%* /+"#' (+' )'&' &'*#%,/%; ")%,#'

?% +'( )'+'*%( (%", &:( '()*'( D'*'%",, M 1965G.

Eta3o (Cloruro eta3oo): %(/" ((/",)" %( /+"#" %, %?%"()",/#"#%(; #%#' " ?% %#% )"("* #"'( " +" <*". L" &%'* <'*&" "*"

/+"* %+ %(/"' %( )'&' '( &'*#%,/%; )', %+ <, #% ")+"*"* +'( )'+'*%(

D'*'%",, M 1965G. E(/% &'*#%,/% *'#)% +'( )'+'*%( &:( *++",/%(

?% '/*'( &'*#%,/%( #% )"*:)/%* "+)"+,'. SAL DE MESA (Cloruro de Sodio)

L" ("+ %#% /+"*(% %, +" ('+), #%+ /,/% %, %+ &'&%,/' #%+ /%#'.

S*$% "*" *%<'*"* %+ %<%)/' #%+ &'*#%,/% "*%:,#'+" #*",/% %+ /,/*"#' >

"(! <"* %+ )'+'*; "),#'+' &:( "*%'.

4.2.1". LA PLANTA DE MOLLE 'SCHINUS MOLLE.(

Nombre común:

P*+; *; :*'+ #%+ P%* &'++%; )>"(; "*"> ">&"*"; &%++%; <"+(' &%,/';

&%,/' &++! ""*">; :*'+ #% +" &%,/"; "+%"> &%,/%*'.

Etimología:

S),( %( %+ ,'&*% +"/,'; #% '*%, *%' "*" #%(,"* "+ +%,/()' <% "+)"#'

"+ &%,/%*' <"+('; '*?% *'#)% ," *%(," '+'*'(" &> (&+"* " +" #%+ +%,/()'.

M'++% <% , ",/' ,'&*% %,*)' "*" %(/" +",/"; /+"#' '* T'*,%<'*/; >

#%*$" #%+ ,'&*% ?%)" &++; ,' #%+ +"/!, &'++% <+''G

Historia distribución y habitad:

E+ &'++% %( , :*'+ '*,"*' #%+ P%* > %=/%,##' " /'#" %+ :*%" ",#," #*",/% %+

%*!'#' *%-(:,)' E)"#'* " C+% > B'+$"G. D%(( #% +" C',?(/"; <%

++%$"#' '* +'( %("'+%( " C%,/*'"&*)" > " M=)'; #',#% *%); '* %('; %+

,'&*% #% 0P%*0 ' #% 0V*'+ #%+ P%*0. P'(/%*'*&%,/%; " <,%( #%+ (+' XJIII; (%

,/*'#' %, C"+<'*,"; " "*/* #% +" M(, #% S", L( R%> %, S", D%'. P"*%)%

?%; (&+/:,%"&%,/%; ++% " E*'"; >" ?% $"*'( '/:,)'( #% %(% (+' +'

%,/0 2" 46



&%,)',", %, E("". E, +" ")/"+#"#; %=(/% %, /'#' %+ /*)' > ( (' %(

&%,)',"#' %, %+ M%#/%**:,%'; %, V<*)" > %, +" I,#".

S #(/*), "+//#,"+ $"*!" #% " 38 &(,&. T%,% *", )"")#"# #% *%*'/%;

*'*%(" %, /%**%,'( (%)'( > *')'('( *")"( " (( *"!)%( %, #%("**'++"#"(; +"( ?%

%#%, ++%"* "(/" 2 " 3 & #% *'<,##"# "*" ()"* "". R%?%*%, (%+'("*)++'('( ' "*%,'('(; %( %=%,/% %, +; +%*"&%,/% *%((/%,/% " +"( %+"#"(;

*%((/%,/% " +"( /%*&/"( > " +" (%?!".

Taxonomía:

T"+" 1 C+"(<)"), )%,/!<)" #%+ &'++%

F%,/% MOLLE. //%(.Q#".'*Q(),(-&'++%

De*ri/*i4n:

E( , :*'+ #% )*%)&%,/' *:#'; &#% #% 1 " 15 & #% "+/*"; *'$(/' #%

Tron*o %,%*"+&%,/% *'(/'; &> *"&<)"#'; +"( *"&"( > *"&++"( )'+",/%(; )',

%()"('( > %?%'( %+'( ?% (% %*#%, )', +" %#"#.

1o5a: A+/%*,"(; *%+"*&%,/% &"*,,"#"( %( #%)* '"( )'&%(/"( '*

,&%*'('( <'+'+'( " "&'( +"#'( #%+ *"?( > (/% *%&"/"#' '* , <'+'+'G; #% 1 "

3 )& #% +"*'; ('*% %)'+'( #% 2 " 6 )& #% +"*'; %+ *"?( +%*"&%,/% "+"#'; +'(

<'+'+'( 21 " 27 %, )"#" '"; (', ((+%(; > '* ( )"), '%(/'(; ' "+/%*,'(; (

<'*&" $" #% +,%"* " +",)%'+"#"; > ( /"&"' #% 2.5 " 6 )& #% +"*' > #% .3 " 1 )&

#% ",)'; ( :)% $" #% "#' " ")&,"#' > ("+&%,/% %(/: )*$"#' %, %+

%,/0 21 46



%=/*%&'; %+ &"*%, %( %,/%*' ' "+' "(%**"#'; ( /%=/*" %( &%&*",:)%" "

+%*"&%,/% )'*:)%"; *%(%,/", %+'( %?%'( > %()"('(; > "#%&:( '(%%,

",#",/% *%(," "*'&:/)".

Inflore*en*ia: P",)+"#"; (', "=+"*%( ",?% " $%)%( #", +" ""*%,)" #%

/%*&,"+%(; #% 8 " 15 *"*"&%,/% 2G )& #% +"*'; )', %()"('( > %?%'( %+'( +"( *:)/%"( (', #%+/'#%(; )', %+'( %, %+ #'*(' > %, %+ &"*%, +'( %#)%+'( #% ,'( 2

&& #% +"*'; *%(%,/", %()"('( %+'(.

&lore: P%?%"(; )', (&%/*!" *"#"+; #% )'+'* "&"*++'-$%*#'(' " +",?%),"(;

,(%="+%( ):+ %, <'*&" #% )'"; )', 5 ++'( '$"#'( " (%&)*)+"*%(; #% ,'(

.5 && #% +"*'; )', %+'( %, %+ &"*%, /"+'( 5; ,(%*/'( %, +" "(% #% , #()'

",+"*; %+!/)'( " '+','(; #% ,'( 2 && #% +"*' %(/"&*%( 1 #(%(/'( %, #'(

(%*%(; ,(%*/'( %, %+ #()'; )', <+"&%,/'( <,'( #% #<%*%,/% +',/#; #% *"*"&%,/%.8G 1 " 1.5 *"*"&%,/% 2G && #% +"*'; ",/%*"( '+',"(; #% ,'( .8 && #% +"*'

'$"*' (%*'; /*)"*%+"*; /*+')+"* %*' )', ," ('+" )"$#"# <*/+ > +"( '/*"( 2

)"$#"#%( %=/*%&"#"&%,/% *%#)#"( #% &",%*" ?% ""*%)% )'&' ,+')+"*; )',

, $+' )'+",/%; +'( %(/+'( (', 3; )'*/'( > *%('(; %(/&"( )"/"#'(.

&ruto . emilla: F*/' %, <'*&" #% #*" #% )'+'* *'(" **,"; #% 4-6 && #%

#:&%/*' %?%'; )"*,'(' #*",/% ( #%("**'++'; (%)' %, +" &"#*%; +''('; #%

"+*%#%#'* #% 4-6 && #% #:&%/*'; )', ," ('+" (%&++". E+ <*/' %( )",/%.

Semilla (', #% )'+'* ,%*"(; *'("(; *%#',#%"#"(; #% 3-5 && #% #:&%/*'.

Com/oi*i4n 6umi*a:

1o5a: C',/%,%, <+"$','#%( ?%*)%/,"; */,"; ?%*)/*," % ('?%*)/*,"G;

&%,/'( ",/')",!#)'(; /*/%*%,'(; W-(/'(/%*'+; /",,'(; :)#' :+)'; :)#'

*'/')"/?)'; +)'("; <*)/'(" > ")%/% %(%,)"+ ;5G. A#%&:( +'( :)#'(

+,'+,)'; +,'+%)'; +,')*)' > %(/%:*)' *%(%,/% /"&, %, )'*/%" >

(%&++"(G.

&ruto: S% ", "(+"#' ")%/%( %(%,)"+%( 2;4G )',/%,%,#' -%*"&',/*",(%,';

'*',%,'; > Y- )"#,%,'; > Z-)"+")'*%,'; )"+"&%,%,'; )",<%,'; )"*$")*'+; W-

)"*'<+%,'; Z-)'"%,'; )*'%"),"; Z-)%%,'; p-)&%,'; /*"/' #% %*",'+;

%=",'"/' #% ,%*'+; > W-<%+",#*%,'; > W-,%,'; /%*,%'+; Z-/%*,%,'; > Z-

&*'+%,'; %/). A#%&:( )",#,"-3-"+")/(#'; )",#,"-3-*/,(#' >

%',#,"-3-+)(#'.

%,/0 22 46



Pro/iedade medi*inale:

A %(/" %(%)% (% +% *%)',')%, #$%*("( *'%#"#%( &%#),"+%(; &)"( #% +"(

)"+%( <%*', #%()%*/"( > )',<*&"#"( '* +" )%,)"; (%,#' *%)'&%,#"#"( %(/"(

*'%#"#%( %, "#%)&%,/'( #%(/$'( )+)'(; %(/*%&%,/'; #'+'* #%

%(/&"'.G; #'+'* #% #%,/%(; ))"/*"), #% %*#"( )', "+)"), #% ( *%(,"G;&'+%(/"( #%+ *%&"/(&' "+)"), +')"+ )', %&+"(/'( #% (( *"&"( &")%*"#"(

%, "+)''+G; "<%))',%( )'&' /'(; *%; "(&"( > /%*)+'(( )'&' ,<(,G; %,

%,<%*&%#"#%( )'&' ','**%" "(! )'&' %, +'( )"('( #% ''( **/"#'(; )',,/$/( >

)"/"*"/"( %, /*"/"&%,/' )', '"( &")")"#"( "*" +"$"#'( ,)'( %=/%*,'(

/" [ E('(/'; 1995G.

P'(%% *'%#"#%( ",/%("(&#)"(; ",/*%&:/)"; %&%,"'"; A,/,<+"&"/'*" >

))"/*",/%. E(/#'( ", #%/%*&,"#' ?% +" ")/$#"# ))"/*",/% #% +" '&"#"#%+ ")%/% %(%,)"+ <"$'*%)% +" ))"/*"), #% +"( %*#"( ,<%)/"#"( %, %+ ","#'

$"),' > %, *"/',%( "+,'( A+" et al.; 29G. L'( ")%/%( %(%,)"+%( /"&,

'#*!", (%* /+"#'( "*" %+ )',/*'+ #% Pediculus humanus capitis '' #% +"

)"%"G /%**% et al.; 29G.

E+ ")%/% %(%,)"+ (% (" %=/%*,"&%,/% "*" <*")/*"( > )'&' ",/(/)' #% ('

/)'; "#%&:( %( A(/*,%,/%; "+(:&)'; )'+*'; #*/)'; *"/$'; %(/'&:/)';

/,)'; ",/$*"+ > $+,%*"*'. E, %+ P%*; +" ("$" %( ("#" )'&' *"/$" >

#*/)". E, V<*)" (', (%)"#'( > ("#'( )'&' ((///' )',#&%,/' >'

"#+/%*",/%G #% +" &%,/" DQ%; 1985G. E+ / #% '" (*$% "*" /*"/"* %+ *%(<*!' > %+

$"'* #% +" )')), #% +"( &(&"( %( ,"+"#' "*" /*"/"* +" %*/%,(,; #%*%(,

> "**/&"( B"/ [ ")'(; 1995G.

E, E/'!" +'( ")%/%( %(%,)"+%( #% +"( '"( <%*', %$"+"#'( "*" %+ )',/*'+ #%

Musca domestica Linnaeus > &'(/*"*', /%,%* ")/$#"# ",/ "+&%,/"*" >'*%%+%,/%. S% %$"+ %, +"'*"/'*' +" ")/$#"# ,(%)/)#" #% +'( %=/*")/'( )*#'( #%

#*"( #% S),( &'++% L. ('*% +"*$"( ,%',"/"( #% Cydia pomonella Linnaeus. L'(

*%(+/"#'( ,#)", %<%)/'( *%%+%,/%(. C*,' [ F%**%*'; 21G. E(/#'( ",

#%&'(/*"#' ?% %+ ")%/% %(%,)"+ *'#)% *%%+%,)" )', %+ Sitophilus oryzae; '* +'

?% (% )',(#%*" )'&' ," "+/%*,"/$" ,"/*"+ %, ( )',/*'+. B%, et al.; 29G.

E+ ")%/% %(%,)"+ #% +"( '"( (% /+" /"&, %, %*<&%*!" > %, +" %+"'*"),

#% )*%&"( #%,/"+%(. L"( (%&++"( *%(%,/", , ")%/% ?% %#% (%* %&+%"#' )'&'<,)#" ,"/*"+. L'( <*/'( > (%&++"( /"&, '(%%, $"*'( ")%/%( ?% #%,/*' #%

%,/0 23 46



(( )'&',%,/%( /%,%&'( "+ &*)%,'; <%+",#*%,'; +&',%,' > )"#,'+. P'* +' /",/';

+"( *'%#"#%( )*"/$"( ?% (% +% "(,", " +"( #(/,/"( "*/%( #% +" +",/" (',

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C'*/%" > *%(," A,/**%&:/)'; ))"/*",/%; %, #%,/%( )"*%"#'(.

L" +",/" %( "+)"#" %=/%*,"&%,/% )'&' ",/(/)' > "*" /*"/"* +"( <*")/*"( > +"

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R%)%,/%&%,/%; +'( %=/*")/'( #% '"( #%&'(/*"*', /%,%* ")/$#"# ","+()";

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)',/*" #% +"( (%,/%( %(%)%( ")/%*","( Klebsiella pneumoniae, Alcaligenes

faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, L%)','(/*') cremoris, Enterobacter

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culmorum y Alternaria alternata, %=%*', ," (%,(+#"# (,<)"/$" " +'(

")%/%( $'+:/+%( \%+"()' N%%*%+"; 1995G.

%,/0 24 46



5.- DESARROLLO DEL TRABAJO

5.1.- OBTENCION DEL TINTE DE MOLLE M"/%*"+%(

P+",/"(

• @'"( #% M'++%.• F*/'( #%+ M'++%.• T"++'( #%+ &'++%; %/).

E?'(

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M'*#%,/%(

• ] Q #% S"+• E+ ' #% 1 +&',%(

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5.1.2.- PROCEDIMIENTOS)T"+" 2 P*')%#&%,/'

PASO 7 Re*ole*tar la 8o5a9 tallo9 rama9fruta . mordiente

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;, de al

$u,o de 7< limone

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+",/" #% &'++% )', +" ">#" #% %#*"( #%&'+%*.

PASO ? E+ "" #%% %(/"* *$%,#' *%$"&%,/%

L%' )'+')"&'( +" +",/" /*/*"#" >

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?% (% "(%,/%.PASO

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*">'( #%+ ('+.

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5.1.3.- FLUGOGRAMA OPERACIONES

%,/0 26 46



5.2.- TE*IDO CON EL TINTE DE MOLLE

C",#' %+ "' #% /,/% %(/: <*!' ,/*'#)&'( %+ /%#' &%#' > "&%,/"&'( #%(")'

+" /%&%*"/*" "(/" "+)","* +'( 82 ^C; &",/%,%&'( *$%,#' #*",/% 3 ' 4 &,/'(

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#% /,/% > (%)"&'(.

%,/0 27 46



5.3.- E$PERIMENTACION

5.3.1.- ELABORACION DEL TINTE

P*&%*' *')%#%&'( " )'*/"* #%+ :*'+ #% &'++% +" &"/%*" *&" " /+"*;

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F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"

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5.3.2.- PROCESO DE TE*IDO DE LA PRENDA DE ALGODÓNPRIMERA PRENDA:

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F*" 5.7 A+)"), #% )"+'* "+ /,/%

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F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"

5.3.3.- PRUEBAS DE RESISTENCIA DEL TINTE + TE*IDO

P"*" ,%(/*' '%/' #% %(/#' (% )*%' )',$%,%,/% "*" %+ #%("**'++' #%+ /*""';

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F*" 5.25 A" '/%,#" #%+ (%,#' +"$"#'

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%,/0 3! 46



6.- COSTOS DE ELABORACION COSTOS DE PRODUCCIN PARA 3 LITROS DE TINTE

M"/%*" *&"_____________________ S.2. E,%*!" +%"G____________________.... S. 2. 1 +&',%(_____._________________ S. 1.

S"+___________________.______ S. .5 2 *. D% #%/%*%,/%_____________..____. S. .3 E,$"(%(_______________________.. S. 6.

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Prenda F De de*olora*i4n

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Prenda <> M",/%,% ( )'+'* M",/%,% ( )'+'* M",/%,% ( )'+'*

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/*"#)',"+ (% /+" )'&' ",/**%&:/)'; *",/%; )',/*" %+ #'+'* #% "*",/"; #%

)"%" > #% &%+"(. S &"#%*" (% (" %, %",(/%*!" > )'&' '*)',%(; > %,

"*'<'*%(/%*!" )'&' )'*/," *'&% $%,/'( > )'&' ('&*".

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`C&' /%* )', &'++%a C'+'* A&"*++' )'*/%" > '"(G M"/%*"+ P'* )"#" Q+' #%

+"," (% (", 2Q #% '"( > )'*/%"( #% &'++%. T%#' D% +" )')), #% +" )'*/%" > #%

+"( '"( (% '/%,% , +!?#' "&"*++'; (% ""#% "+&*% > (% *%&'" +" +"," > /%#'(

(% '/%,% , /%#' %*&",%,/%&%,/% #% )'+'* "&"*++'. D))',"*' E,))+'#)' #%

P+",/"( b/+%( #%+ P%* - A,/',' B*")QG

11.- BIBLIOGRAFIA A),; . [ M. T"+,. 2G. F,#"&%,/'( #% <('+'!" $%%/"+. 1c E#.

Mc#ra$% &ill 'nteramericana. M"#*#; E("". P". 261.

P%*%; C. [ C. A,%(,. 1994G. I,/', of Pseudomonas aerguinosa >

A*%,/,%", M%#),"+ P+",/(. "itoterapia 65 2G 169-172.

B"/; R. [ T. ")'(. 1995G. T*"#/',"+ @%*"+ M%#),% , T*",(Q%. (.

Ethnopharmacol. 48 1G 7- 12.

C%$"; S. 23. P+",/"( M%#),"+%(; E#/'*"+ A.F.A.; L&" - P%*.

K*"&%*; F. 1957G T% P%%* /*%% Schinus molle. Econ. !ot. ) 11G 323-326.

%,/0 43 46



L'%*; @. 199G. P+",/"( &%#),"+%( #% P%*/' R)' > #%+ C"*%. E#/'*"+

I%*'"&%*)",". " 35-7.

J%*"(; A. L.; [ P'*/++'; L. 212G. T%#' #% <*"( )', *"," )'),++" >

'/*'( )'+'*",/%( ,"/*"+%(. "A*. Actas de la Segunda +eunin para el

Aproechamiento 'ntegral de la -una y otras Cactceas y ' +eunin

Sudamericana CAC/ -0S1E- "A*%'CA+2A. Argentina. p; 165-175.

A>"+" T%*:,; A. N. 211G. E(/"+%)&%,/' #% )+/$' , $/*' #% &'++% (),(

&'++%G " "*/* #% >%&"( "=+"*%( /'&"#"( #% +",/"( &"#*% )'&' ,"

%**"&%,/" "*" +" *'""), #% +" %(%)% %, %+ D(/*/' M%/*''+/",' #%

/'.

C"!"(; M.; [ F%*,",#%; B. 1987G. Manual de tintes naturales. SEMTA;

S%*$)'( M+/+%( #% T%),'+'!"( A*'"#"(.

B*%"; A. 211G. L'( &'*#%,/%( ' <"#'*%( %, %+ *')%(' #% /%#' )', /,/%(

,"/*"+%(. +eista de la "acultad de 'ngenier3a 'ndustrial ; 41G; 1.

LIN,OGRAFIA

ALNICOLSA (.<.G.- M'++%. S),( &'++%///",,'(./*'#.)'&&'++%%(./&

D(',+% %, +" "," d%

//.*%#/%=/+"*%,/,".)'&."*,#%=.<*"(<-%,,'+%)&%,/'223-

,(&'(-"*"-%+-%,,'+%)&%,/'-#%-<*"()'+'*",/%(-/%=/+%()'+'*",/%(-

,"/*"+%(393-)'+'*",/%(-,"/*"+%(

%,/0 44 46





1. ANEXO

F*" 5.26 P*&%*" (%&"," #% %='()', #% +"( *%,#"( "+ ('+.

F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"

&i,ura ">: Se,unda emana de eG/oi*ion de la /renda al ol"

%,/0 45 46



F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"&i,ura ">: Ter*era emana de eG/oi*ion al ol de nla /renda al ol"

F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"

&i,ura ">H Lo,oti/o del /rodu*to

F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"

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