Todo Sobre Brazil
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BrazilFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the country. For other uses, see Brazil (disambiguation).
Coordinates:10S 52W
Federative Republic of Brazil
Repblica Federativa do Brasil
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:
Ordem e Progresso (Portuguese)
(English: "Order and Progress")
Anthem:
Hino Nacional Brasileiro
(English: "Brazilian National Anthem")
Flag anthem:
Hino Bandeira Nacional[1
(English: "National Flag Anthem")
National seal
Selo Nacional do Brasil
National !eal of Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Brazil¶ms=10_S_52_W_https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Brazil¶ms=10_S_52_W_https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_National_Anthemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Flag_Anthemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Flag_Anthemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-HinoBandeira-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_(emblem)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Seal_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Brazil¶ms=10_S_52_W_https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_National_Anthemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Flag_Anthemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-HinoBandeira-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_(emblem)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Seal_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_(disambiguation) -
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Capital Braslia
1#$%&'! %&$#'
Largest city !*o Paulo
fficial languages Portuguese[[+
!thnic groups(,1,[%)
%&-&+.hite
%+-1+./ultira0ial
&-1.Bla02
1-,3.Asian
,-%+.Amerindian
"emonym Brazilian
#overnment Federal4residential0onstitutional
re4u5li0
6 President 7ilma 8ousseff
6 9i0e President /i0hel emer
6 President of the Eduardo Cunha
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADliahttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Brazil¶ms=15_47_S_47_52_W_type:cityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groupshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groupshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-raca2010-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardo_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardo_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonymhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_republichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_republichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilma_Rousseffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice-President_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Temerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Cunhahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADliahttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Brazil¶ms=15_47_S_47_52_W_type:cityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groupshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-raca2010-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardo_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Brazilianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonymhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_republichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_republichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilma_Rousseffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice-President_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Temerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Cunha -
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Cham5er of 7e4uties
6 President of the Federal
!enate
8enan Calheiros
6 President of the !u4reme
Federal Court
8i0ardo ;e
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6 !ummer (7!) B8!(=C to #)
"ate format ddDmmD (CE)
"rives on the right
Calling code G##
$) *+,, code B8
$nternet (L" -5r
a- /ultira0ial
Brazil( i/r! " l/ #$ort%&%ese: Brasil' a "i) '*)+, officially the Federative Republic ofBrazil($ort%&%ese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil, listen(helpinfo+'10)+ is thelar&estso-erei&n statein .atin mericafederal rep%lic,ra"il is the orlds fifth3lar&estco%ntry, y oth &eo&raphical areaandtotal pop%lation'11)4t is the lar&est$ort%&%ese3speakin&co%ntry in the orld, and the only one in themericas'12)
o%nded y the tlantic cean on the east, ra"il has a coastlineof 6,7*1 km (7,855 mi+ '19)4torders all other So%th merican co%ntries ecept ;c%ador and Chile and occ%pies 769percent of the continent of So%th merica'17)4tsma"on
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1;tymolo&y
2Iistory
o 21$re3Caraline era
o 22$ort%&%ese coloni"ation
o 29nited Din&dom ith $ort%&al
o 274ndependent ;mpire
o 25;arly rep%lic
o 28Contemporary era
9Geo&raphy
o 91Climate
o 92iodi-ersity and en-ironment
7Go-ernment and politics
o 71.a
o 72Hilitary
o 79Forei&n policy
o 77.a enforcement and crime
o 75dministrati-e di-isions
5;conomy
o 51Components and ener&y
o 52=o%rism
84nfrastr%ct%re
o 81Science and technolo&y
o 82=ransport
o 89Water s%pply and sanitation
o 87Iealth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Pre-Cabraline_erahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Portuguese_colonizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#United_Kingdom_with_Portugalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Independent_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Early_republichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Contemporary_erahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Geographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Climatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Biodiversity_and_environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Government_and_politicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Militaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Foreign_policyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Law_enforcement_and_crimehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Administrative_divisionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Components_and_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Tourismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Infrastructurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Science_and_technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Water_supply_and_sanitationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Pre-Cabraline_erahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Portuguese_colonizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#United_Kingdom_with_Portugalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Independent_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Early_republichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Contemporary_erahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Geographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Climatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Biodiversity_and_environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Government_and_politicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Militaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Foreign_policyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Law_enforcement_and_crimehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Administrative_divisionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Components_and_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Tourismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Infrastructurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Science_and_technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Water_supply_and_sanitationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#Health -
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o 85;d%cation
o 88Hedia and comm%nication
6emo&raphics
o 61
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amo%nts of ra"ilood ere har-ested y indi&eno%s peoples(mostly =%pi+ alon& the ra"iliancoast, ho sold the timer to ;%ropean traders (mostly $ort%&%ese, %t also French+ in ret%rnfor assorted ;%ropean cons%mer &oods'28)
=he official $ort%&%ese name of the land, in ori&inal $ort%&%ese records, as the J.and of theIoly CrossJ (Terra da #anta $ruz+,'26)%t ;%ropean sailors and merchants commonly called itsimply the J.and of ra"ilJ (Terra do Brasil+ on acco%nt of the ra"ilood trade'2A)=he pop%lar
appellation eclipsed and e-ent%ally s%pplanted the official $ort%&%ese name ;arly sailorssometimes also called it the J.and of $arrotsJ (Terra di %apaga+'2*)
4n the G%arani lan&%a&e, an official lan&%a&e of$ara&%ay,ra"il is called J$indoramaJ =hisas the name the indi&eno%s pop%lation &a-e to the re&ion, meanin& Jland of the palm treesJ'90)
HistoryMain article:&istory o! Brazil
Pre-Cabraline eraMain article:%re"$abraline Brazil
He&alithsin theSolstice rchaeolo&ical $ark, inmapK, erected eteen 500 and 2000 years a&o,
proaly to carry o%tastronomicaloser-ations
ne of the earliest h%man remains fo%nd in themericas,.%"ia Woman, ere fo%nd in thearea of $edro .eopoldo,Hinas Geraisand pro-ide e-idence of h%man haitation &oin& ack atleast 11,000 years'91)'92)=he earliest potterye-er fo%nd in the Western Iemisphere aseca-ated in thema"on asinof ra"il and radiocaron datedto A,000 years a&o (8000 C+=he pottery as fo%nd near SantarLmand pro-ides e-idence that the tropical forest re&ions%pported a comple prehistoric c%lt%re '99)
ro%nd the time of the $ort%&%ese arri-al, the territory of c%rrent day ra"il had an estimatedindi&eno%s pop%lation of 6 million people, '97)mostly semi3nomadic ho s%sisted on h%ntin&,fishin&, &atherin&, and mi&rant a&ric%lt%re =he indi&eno%s pop%lation of ra"il comprisedse-eral lar&e indi&eno%s ethnic &ro%ps (e& the =%pis,G%aranis, GMsandraaks+ =he =%pNpeople ere s%di-ided into the =%pini>%insand=%pinamKs, and there ere also many
s%di-ision of the other &ro%ps'95)
efore the arri-al of ;%ropeans, the o%ndaries eteen these &ro%ps and their s%&ro%psere marked y ars that arose from differences in c%lt%re, lan&%a&e and moral eliefs'98)=hese ars also in-ol-ed lar&e3scale military actions on land and ater,ith cannialisticrit%als on prisoners of ar'96)'9A)While heredity had some ei&ht, leadershipstat%s as more s%d%ed o-er time, than allocated in s%ccession ceremonies andcon-entions'9*)Sla-eryamon& the 4ndians had a different meanin& than it had for ;%ropeans,since it ori&inated from a di-erse socio3economic or&ani"ation, in hich asymmetries eretranslated into kinshiprelations'70)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupi_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Lee2011-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Corporation1880-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Corporation1880-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-L.C3.A9ry1990-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-L.C3.A9ry1990-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Sokolow2003-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Sokolow2003-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Herrera-Sobek2012-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Cabraline_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Cabraline_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalithhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Stonehengehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Stonehengehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amap%C3%A1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amap%C3%A1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomicalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomicalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzia_Womanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzia_Womanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Leopoldohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minas_Geraishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minas_Geraishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-LevineCrocitti1999-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-LevineCrocitti1999-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_datinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Par%C3%A1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Par%C3%A1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Eighth_Millennium_Pottery_from_a_Prehistoric_Shell_Midden_in_the_Brazilian_Amazon-33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tup%C3%AD_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AA_peopleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arawak_peopleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupiniquim_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupinamb%C3%A1_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupinamb%C3%A1_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-37https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-39https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-39https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaveryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshiphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-40https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupi_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Lee2011-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Corporation1880-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-L.C3.A9ry1990-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Sokolow2003-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Herrera-Sobek2012-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Cabraline_Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalithhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Stonehengehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amap%C3%A1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomicalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzia_Womanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Leopoldohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minas_Geraishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-LevineCrocitti1999-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_datinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Par%C3%A1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-Eighth_Millennium_Pottery_from_a_Prehistoric_Shell_Midden_in_the_Brazilian_Amazon-33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tup%C3%AD_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AA_peopleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arawak_peopleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupiniquim_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupinamb%C3%A1_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-37https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-39https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaveryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshiphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil#cite_note-40 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Portuguese colonizationMain article:$olonial Brazil
%e+, had ecomeits lar&est import,'52)'59)to cope ith plantationsof s%&arcane, d%e to increasin& internationaldemand for ra"ilian s%&ar'57)'55)
$aintin& shoin& the arrest of=iradentes# he as sentenced to death for his in-ol-ement in the est
knonmo-ement for independencein Colonial ra"il
y the end of the 16th cent%ry, s%&arcane eports e&an to decline, '58)and the disco-ery of&old y andeirantesin the 18*0s o%ld ecome the ne ackone of the colonys economy,fosterin& a ra"ilian Gold
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=he cclamation ofDin& BoPo R4of thenited Din&dom of $ort%&al, ra"il and the l&ar-esin
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=he ra"ilian War of 4ndependence,hich had already e&%n alon& this process, spreadthro%&h northern, northeastern re&ions and in Cisplatina pro-ince'67)With the last $ort%&%esesoldiers s%rrenderin& on A Harch 1A27,'65)$ort%&al officially reco&ni"ed ra"il on 2* %&%st1A25'68)
n 6 pril 1A91, orn don y years of administrati-e t%rmoil and political dissensions ithoth lieral and conser-ati-e sides of politics, incl%din& an attempt of rep%lican secession,'66)
as ell as %nreconciled ith the ay that asol%tists in $ort%&al had &i-en to the s%ccessionof Din& Bohn R4, $edro 4 ent to $ort%&al toreclaim his da%&hters cron,adicatin& thera"ilian throne in fa-or of his fi-e3year3old son and heir (ho th%s ecame the ;mpiressecond monarch, ith the re&nal title of om $edro 44+'6A)
$edro 44,;mperor of ra"ileteen 1A91 and 1AA*
s the ne ;mperor co%ld not eert his constit%tional poers %ntil he ecame of a&e,a re&encyas set %p y the Eational ssemly'6*)4n the asence of a charismatic fi&%re hoco%ld represent a moderate face of poer, d%rin& this period a series of locali"ed reellions
took place, as the Caana&em, the HalM