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DLM@N@L5 FOMBQF@O p MÌQCBY@JG*
MÖIRNO
L[N@FLF@OJBV @JDOQMÌY@FLV IB [QO[ÖV@YO GBJBQLN*
F@FNOV5 YÀFJ@FO IB FOMBQF@O P
FOMBQF@O P MLQCBY@JG
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<* @JYQOIRFF@ÖJ
1* OAEBY@TOV
6* [QOGQLMLF@ÖJ P YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ
6*< [q`mbql btlnrlf`öj*
6*1 Vbgrjil btlnrlf`öj*
6*6 Ybqfbql btlnrlf`öj*
9* BNBMBJYOV FRQQ@FRNLQBV IB NLV RJ@ILIBV2* MBYOIONOGÍL
4* QBFRQVOV JBFBVLQ@OV
7* FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRLF@ÖJ
8* FQ@YBQ@OV IB FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ
0* FOJYBJ@IOV MÍJ@MOV BX@G@IOV
<;* LFY@T@ILIBV IB QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ<<* A@AN@OGQLDÍL
<1* LFY@T@ILIBV FOM[NBMBJYLQ@LV P BXYQLBVFONLQBV
<6* MBI@ILV IB LYBJF@ÖJ L NL I@TBQV@ILI
<* @JYQOIRFF@ÖJ
Bvyb möirno vb bjfrliql bj bn {q`mbq frqvo ib nov F`fnov Doqmly`tov ib Gqlio Mbi`o p
Vr{bq`oq foqqbv{oji`bjybv l nov Yíyrnov ib5 .
- Yàfj`fo Vr{bq`oq bj Gbvy`öj Fombqf`ln p Mlqcby`jg*
- Yàfj`fo Mbi`o bj Fombqf`o*
Nl irqlf`öj ibn möirno bv ib <6; hoqlv nbfy`tlv p vb ibvlqqonnl l no nlqgo ib nov yqbv
yq`mbvyqbv ibn frqvo. `m{lqy`àjiovb frlyqo hoqlv vbmljlnbv*
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1* OAEBY@TOV
Bn fomby`io {q`jf`{ln ib bvyb möirno bv fojvbgr`q |rb bn lnrmjo vb dlm`n`lq`fb foj nov
oqibjlioqbv p l{qbjil l mljbelq bn vodywlqb bvyìjilq mìv ry`n`ulio hop bj iíl*
Bn möirno vb l{opl bj nov {qogqlmlv mìv i`drji`iov bj nl lfyrln`ili fomo voj bn
v`vybml o{bqly`to W`jiowv. nlv l{n`flf`ojbv Woqi. Bxfbn p Lffbvv ib M`fqovody.
[owbq[o`jy p M`fqovody @jybqjby Bx{noqbq*
Fomo oaeby`tov drjilmbjylnbv ib bvyb möirno {oibmov {qbvbjylq nov v`gr`bjybv5
‡ Fojfb{yov ib hlqiwlqb p vodywlqb*
‡ Fojof`m`bjyo ib nlv {lqybv |rb `jybgqlj rj oqibjlioq*
‡ Fojof`m`bjyo ib nov y`{ov ib {qogqlmlv i`v{oj`anbv bj bn mbqflio*
‡ Mljbelq bn oqibjlioq p bn v`vybml o{bqly`to W`jiowv*
‡ Fqblq iofrmbjyov foj bn {qofbvlioq ib ybxyov Woqi*
‡ Ry`n`ulq nl hoel ib fìnfrno Bxfbn {lql qbvontbq {qoanbmlv jrmàq`fov*
‡ Bm{nblq nl alvb ib ilyov Lffbvv {lql gbvy`ojlq nov fn`bjybv ib rjl bm{qbvl*
‡ Fqblq {qbvbjylf`ojbv gqìd`flv foj [owbq[o`jy*
‡ Jltbglq p bjfojyqlq `jdoqmlf`öj bj @jybqjby foj M`fqovody @jybqjby
Bx{noqbq*
6* [QOGQLMLF@ÖJ P YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ
6*< [q`mbql btlnrlf`öj* (9; hoqlv)
Bj {q`mbq nrglq hlp |rb hlfbq fojvylq |rb ilio |rb bj bvyb F`fno jo bx`vyb bn möirno
fomrj`flf`öj p lqfh`to fojv`ibqo mrp `m{oqyljyb |rb nov lnrmjov ybjglj rjl míj`ml
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{qb{lqlf`öj bj o{bqlyoq`l ib ybfnliov. ln mbjov bj bn fojof`m`bjyo ib bvyl {qìfy`fl*
Iba`io l bnno p lrj|rb jo fojvyl bj nov fojybj`iov od`f`lnbv. irqljyb bn {q`mbq mbv ib
fnlvb . nbv `m{lqy`qà rjlv jof`ojbv aìv`flv voaqb vr drjf`ojlm`bjyo {lql |rb {rbilj
fojy`jrlq bj flvl bvyl {qlfy`fl*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <* (7 hoqlv)
‡ Fojfb{yov aìv`fov ib `jdoqmìy`fl*
‡ Btonrf`öj h`vyöq`fl ib nov oqibjlioqbv*
‡ Qb{qbvbjylf`öj ib nl `jdoqmlf`öj bj bn oqibjlioq*
‡ Fojfb{yov ib hlqiwlqb p vodywlqb*
‡ Nov {qogqlmlv mìv ry`n`uliov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 1* (7 hoqlv)
‡ Bnbmbjyov dív`fov ibn oqibjlioq*
‡ Fojfb{yo ib {bq`dàq`fo*
‡ [bq`dàq`fov ib bjyqlil*
‡ [bq`dàq`fov ib vln`il*
‡ [bq`dàq`fov ib bjyqlil/vln`il*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 6* (<1 hoqlv)
‡ Bn v`vybml o{bqly`to W`jiowv*
‡ [qbvbjylf`öj bj {ljylnnl ibn v`vybml o{bqly`to*
‡ Nlv tbjyljlv*
‡ Bn mbjõ @j`f`o*
‡ Bn bvfq`yoq`o*
‡ Nl alqql ib ylqblv*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 9* (<9 hoqlv)‡ Bn bx{noqlioq ib W`jiowv*
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‡ Nl {l{bnbql ib qbf`fnleb*
‡ Bn {ljbn ib fojyqon*
‡ Fojd`grqlf`öj ib nl alqql ib ylqblv*
‡ Hbqqlm`bjylv ib W`jiowv5 Woqi[li p [l`jy*
6*1 Vbgrjil btlnrlf`öj* (98 hoqlv)
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 2* (<; hoqlv)
‡ Ry`n`ili ibn {qofbvlioq ib ybxyov*
‡
Fqblq iofrmbjyov foj bn {qofbvlioq ib ybxyov*‡ Lnmlfbjlq p qbfr{bqlq iofrmbjyov*
‡ Flma`o ib y`{ov ib nbyql bj rj iofrmbjyo*
‡ @m{qbv`öj ib rj iofrmbjyo*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 4* (<; hoqlv)
‡
I`vbüo ib rj iofrmbjyo*
‡ Fojd`grqlf`öj ib nlv {ìg`jlv ib rj iofrmbjyo*
‡ Bjflabuliov p {`b ib {ìg`jl*
‡ Doqmlyov ib {ìqqldo*
‡ Vljgqílv. t`übylv p jrmbqlf`öj ib {ìg`jlv*
‡ Fqblf`öj ib fonrmjlv ib ilyov foj ylarnlioqbv*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 7* (<; hoqlv)
‡ Fqblf`öj ib ylanlv bj rj iofrmbjyo*
‡ @jvbqf`öj ib joylv ln {`b ib {ìg`jl*
‡ Aoqibv p vomaqbliov*
‡ Bn foqqbfyoq oqyogqìd`fo p gqlmly`fln*
‡
@jvbqf`öj ib qöyrnov. gqìd`fov p lryodoqmlv bj rj iofrmbjyo*
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Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 8* (8 hoqlv)
‡ Ry`n`ili ib nl hoel ib fìnfrno*
‡ Fqblq rjl hoel ib fìnfrno*
‡ Lnmlfbjlq p qbfr{bqlq rjl hoel ib fìnfrno*
‡ Lv`gjlf`öj ib doqmlyov p y`{ov ib nbyql*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 0* (<; hoqlv)
‡ Ry`n`ulf`öj ib döqmrnlv {qbibd`j`ilv*
‡
Fqblf`öj ib gqìd`fov*‡ @m{qbv`öj ib nl hoel ib fìnfrno*
‡ @m{qbv`öj ib rj gqìd`fo*
6*6 Ybqfbql btlnrlf`öj* (91 hoqlv)
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <;* (8 hoqlv)
‡ Ry`n`ili ib nlv alvbv ib ilyov*
‡ I`vbüo ib rjl alvb ib ilyov*
‡ Fqblf`öj ib nl alvb ib ilyov*
‡ O{bqlf`ojbv foj nov qbg`vyqov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <<* (8 hoqlv)
‡ Fqblq fojvrnylv l nl alvb ib ilyov*
‡ [qb{lqlq doqmrnlq`ov {lql nl alvb ib ilyov*
‡ Bnlaoqlq `jdoqmbv foj nl `jdoqmlf`öj ib nl alvb ib ilyov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <1* (<; hoqlv)
‡ @jybqflma`o ib `jdoqmlf`öj bjyqb bn {qofbvlioq ib ybxyov. nl hoel ib fìnfrno p nl
alvb ib ilyov*‡ Foma`jlq foqqbv{ojibjf`l*
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‡ Fqblq voaqbv p by`|rbylv*
‡ Foqylq. fo{`lq p {bglq*
‡ T`jfrnlq `jdoqmlf`öj*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <6 (4 hoqlv)
‡ Ry`n`ili ib nov {qogqlmlv ib {qbvbjylf`ojbv*
‡ Yqlalelq foj ybxyov bj {qbvbjylf`ojbv*
‡ @jfnr`q `mìgbjbv*
‡ @m{q`m`q nlv {qbvbjylf`ojbv fqblilv*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <9* (<; hoqlv)
‡ @m{oqyljf`l ib nlv fomrj`flf`ojbv bj nl `jdoqmìy`fl*
‡ V`vybmlv ib fomrj`flf`öj*
‡ Qbibv ib oqibjlioqbv*
‡ @jybqjby. nl qbi ib qbibv*
‡ Jltbglf`öj {oq @jybqjby*
6* BNBMBJYOV FRQQ@FRNLQBV IB NLV RJ@ILIBV
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo ibvfraq`qì nl btonrf`öj h`vyöq`fl |rb hl vrdq`io nl `jdoqmìy`fl
ibvib vrv oqígbjbv hlvyl jrbvyqov iílv*
L{qbjibqì fömo yqlalelj `jybqjlmbjyb nov oqibjlioqbv p fömo bv {ov`anb qb{qbvbjylq nl
`jdoqmlf`öj bj vr `jybq`oq*
Fojofbqì nov i`dbqbjybv y`{ov ib {qogqlmlv |rb bx`vybj. p nl ry`n`ili ib flil rjo ib
bvov y`{ov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 1*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo l{qbjibqì frìnbv voj nov fom{ojbjybv dív`fov |rb doqmlj bn
oqibjlioq*
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Bvyri`lqì bn drjf`ojlm`bjyo `jybqjo ibn oqibjlioq p fömo vb {rbib fomrj`flq foj bn
rvrlq`o l yqltàv ib nov {bq`dàq`fov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 6*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo fombjulqì l {qlfy`flq foj bn oqibjlioq* [lql bnno vb hl
bnbg`io bn v`vybml o{bqly`to W`jiowv 08. pl |rb bv rj bjyoqjo mrp lm`glanb p vbjf`nno
ib mljbelq*
L{qbjibqì l mljbelq nov i`dbqbjybv fom{ojbjybv ibn v`vybml o{bqly`to p l fojyqonlq l
yqltàv ib àn yoiov nov bnbmbjyov p {qogqlmlv `jvylnliov bj bn oqibjlioq*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 9*
Bn lnrmjo l{qbjibqì l mljbelq bn v`vybml ib d`fhbqov l yqltàv ibn bx{noqlioq ib
W`jiowv*
Vbqì fl{lu ib fojd`grqlq nov {bq`dàq`fov mìv ry`n`uliov p l{qbjibqì l {bqvojln`ulq vr
bjyoqjo ib yqlaleo moi`d`fljio nl fojd`grqlf`öj ib nl alqql ib ylqblv p ibn mbjõ @j`f`o*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 2*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo fombjulqì l ry`n`ulq bn {qofbvlioq ib ybxyov Woqi*
Fom{qoalqì nl gqlj ry`n`ili |rb y`bjb bvyb vodywlqb p {ofo l {ofo ibvfraq`qì vrv
gqljibv {ov`a`n`ilibv*
Fombjulqì fqbljio iofrmbjyov vbjf`nnov. l{qbjibqì l grlqilqnov bj i`vfo. l
qbfr{bqlqnov p l moi`d`flqnov*
Flma`lqì bn bvy`no ib nl nbyql. nl drbjyb p bn ylmlüo* [oq õny`mo {oiqì oaybjbq {oq
`m{qbvoql nov iofrmbjyov bnlaoqliov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 4*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo l{qbjibqì nlv i`vy`jylv {lqybv |rb doqmlj rj iofrmbjyo p
fömo fojd`grqlqnlv foqqbfylmbjyb bj bn {qofbvlioq ib ybxyov Woqi*
Mbeoqlqì joylanbmbjyb nl l{lq`bjf`l ib vrv iofrmbjyov ry`n`uljio doqmlyov ib {ìqqldo.
bjflabuliov p {`bv ib {ìg`jl. fonrmjlv ib ilyov mbi`ljyb ylarnlioqbv {bqvojln`uliov.rvljio t`übylv {lql bnlaoqlq n`vylv ib o{f`ojbv. byf*
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Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 7*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo fqblqì iofrmbjyov ib gqlj fln`ili foj lv{bfyo qblnmbjyb
{qodbv`ojln*
L{qbjibqì l `jvbqylq ylanlv bj nov iofrmbjyov. l lv`gjlqnbv doqmlyov {qbibd`j`iov o
{bqvojln`ulq bn lv{bfyo ib nlv ylanlv `jvbqylilv bj bn iofrmbjyo mbi`ljyb aoqibv p
vomaqbliov*
Qbt`vlqì lryomìy`flmbjyb nl oqyogqldíl ibn iofrmbjyo mbi`ljyb bn foqqbfyo oqyogqìd`fo
p gqlmly`fln*
@jvbqylqì gqìd`fov. i`areov. qöyrnov p lryodoqmlv {lql mbeoqlq bn lv{bfyo ib nov
iofrmbjyov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 8*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo fombjulqì l yqlalelq foj nl hoel ib fìnfrno Bxfbn* Bvyl
hbqqlm`bjyl nb {ov`a`n`ylqì nl qbln`ulf`öj ib yoio y`{o ib o{bqlf`ojbv mlybmìy`flv.
d`jljf`bqlv. bvyliívy`flv. byf* ib doqml vbjf`nnl*
L{qbjibqì l fqblq rjl hoel ib fìnfrno. l qbfojofbq nlv {lqybv |rb nl doqmlj. l `jyqoirf`q
`jdoqmlf`öj bj bnnl. l tlq`lq bn lv{bfyo ib vrv ilyov p l lnmlfbjlq p qbfr{bqlq
{ovybq`oqmbjyb vr fojybj`io*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo 0*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo bnlaoqlqì hoelv ib fìnfrno mìv fom{nbelv* L{qbjibqì l
mljbelq tlq`lv hoelv ib fìnfrno ib doqml v`mrnyìjbl. l fqblq gqìd`fov l {lqy`q ib nl
`jdoqmlf`öj `jyqoirf`il bj nl hoel ib fìnfrno p l `m{q`m`qnov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <;*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo ibvfraq`qì |rb voj nlv alvbv ib ilyov p frìn bv vr ry`n`ili*
Qbln`ulqì {qìfy`flv foj nl alvb ib ilyov Lffbvv. l{qbjibqì l i`vbülq vr {qo{`l alvb ib
ilyov p l mljbelq nl `jdoqmlf`öj |rb `jyqoirufl bj bnnl*
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Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <<*
Bn lnrmjo {qlfy`flqì foj nl alvb ib ilyov fqbljio fojvrnylv bv{bfíd`flv |rb fraqlj
ibybqm`jlilv jbfbv`ilibv {qo{rbvylv {oq bn {qodbvoq*
L{qbjibqì l fqblq doqmrnlq`ov {lql yqlalelq foj nl `jdoqmlf`öj ib rjl doqml mìv
fömoil*
[oq õny`mo vbqì fl{lu ib fqblq yoio y`{o ib `jdoqmbv bnlaoqliov l {lqy`q ib nl
`jdoqmlf`öj lnmlfbjlil bj nl alvb ib ilyov*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <1*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo l{qbjibqì l `jybqflma`lq `jdoqmlf`öj bjyqb nov i`vy`jyov
{qogqlmlv |rb hl `io mljbeljio bj nlv rj`ilibv ib yqlaleo ljybq`oqbv*
Bn lnrmjo qbln`ulqì foma`jlf`ojbv ib foqqbv{ojibjf`l ibvib Woqi. foj ilyov
oaybj`iov ib Woqi. ib Bxfbn o ib Lffbvv*
[oiqì fqblq voaqbv p by`|rbylv {lql nlv i`qbff`ojbv ib nl foqqbv{ojibjf`l bnlaoqlil*
[oq õny`mo. l{qbjibqì nlv tbjylelv |rb y`bjb nl t`jfrnlf`öj ib iofrmbjyov p bn lhoqqo ib
y`bm{o |rb vr{ojb ry`n`ulqnl ib rjl doqml libfrlil*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <6*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo ibvfraq`qì |rà bv bn mrjio ib nlv {qbvbjylf`ojbv gqìd`flv p
fömo vb {rbibj àvylv ib rjl doqml vbjf`nnl. foma`jljio ybxyov p gqìd`fov ib frln|r`bq
mljbql |rb {oilmov `mlg`jlq*
Ry`n`ulqì fomo hbqqlm`bjyl bn {qogqlml [owbq[o`jy*
Rj`ili ib yqlaleo <9*
Bj bvyl rj`ili bn lnrmjo l{qbjibqì nl `m{oqyljf`l ib nlv fomrj`flf`ojbv bj bn mrjio
ib nl bm{qbvl*
Ljln`ulqì nlv tbjylelv b `jfojtbj`bjybv |rb y`bjb nl fomrj`flf`öj bjyqb oqibjlioqbv
ibjyqo ib nl m`vml bm{qbvl p bjyqb nl bm{qbvl p bn qbvyo ibn mrjio*
Fojofbqì |rà bv @jybqjby p l{qbjibqì l jltbglq {oq @jybqjby. bm{nbljio M`fqovody
@jybqjby Bx{noqbq. {lql oaybjbq `jdoqmlf`öj mbi`ljyb nl ry`n`ulf`öj ib nov arvflioqbv
mìv fojof`iov*
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2* MBYOIONOGÍL
Nl `m{lqy`f`öj ib nl lv`gjlyrql vb drjilmbjylqì bj nov v`gr`bjybv lv{bfyov5
‡ [lql nl bx{n`flf`öj ib flil Rj`ili ib Yqlaleo vb qbln`ulqì rjl bx{ov`f`öj yböq`fl ibnov fojybj`iov ib nl rj`ili {oq {lqyb ibn {qodbvoq*
‡ Lv`m`vmo vb ry`n`ulqì fomo qbfrqvo i`iìfy`fo bj nlv bx{n`flf`ojbv rj {qogqlml
mrny`mbi`l ib w`jiowv*
‡ [ovybq`oqmbjyb vb qbln`ulqìj rjl vbq`b ib bebqf`f`ov {qo{rbvyov {oq bn {qodbvoq p
qbvrbnyov p foqqbg`iov {oq àn bj fnlvb* Bn oaeby`to ib bvyov bebqf`f`ov bv nnbtlq l nl
{qìfy`fl nov fojfb{yov yböq`fov |rb vb lv`m`nlqoj bj nl bx{ov`f`öj yböq`fl ljybq`oq*
‡ Bn {qodbvoq qbvontbqì yoilv nlv irilv |rb {rbilj ybjbq nov lnrmjov ibn f`fno. yljyo
yböq`flv fomo {qìfy`flv* @jfnrvo v` àn no fojv`ibqlvb jbfbvlq`o vb qbln`ulqìj
bebqf`f`ov bv{bfíd`fov ib qbdrbquo |rb lfnlqbj nov fojfb{yov |rb mìv frbvyb
fom{qbjibq l nov lnrmjov*
‡ Bn {qodbvoq {qo{ojiqì rj fojerjyo ib bebqf`f`ov p flvov {qìfy`fov. ib fojybj`io
v`m`nlq l nov |rb pl vb hlj qbvrbnyo bj fnlvb. |rb ibabqìj vbq qbvrbnyov {oq nov
lnrmjov. a`bj bj hoqlv ib fnlvb o a`bj bj flvl*
‡ Nov bebqf`f`ov {qìfy`fov vb qbln`ulqìj bj bn lrnl ib oqibjlioqbv ry`n`uljio bn
vodywlqb qbnlf`ojlio foj nl Rj`ili ib Yqlaleo bj nl |rb bvybmov yqlaleljio* Nlv
{qìfy`flv vb qbvontbqìj ib doqml `ji`t`irln o bj gqr{o. ib{bjib ibn jõmbqo ib
lnrmjov |rb hlpl {oq flil oqibjlioq. ib yoilv doqmlv jo bv lfojvbelanb |rb hlpl
mìv ib iov lnrmjov {oq flil b|r`{o `jdoqmìy`fo*
4* QBFRQVOV JBFBVLQ@OV
Vb fojv`ibql jbfbvlq`l rj lrnl ib `jdoqmìy`fl {lql qbln`ulq nlv {qìfy`flv*
Bn lrnl ibabqì i`v{ojbq ib. ln mbjov. bn vrd`f`bjyb jõmbqo ib oqibjlioqbv {lql |rb jo
hlpl mìv ib iov lnrmjov {oq {rbvyo ib yqlaleo*
@grlnmbjyb {lql rjl foqqbfyl bx{n`flf`ojbv vbqíl jbfbvlq`o rj flüöj {lql |rb nov
lnrmjov {rbilqj bjybjibq mbeoq bn ybml |rb vb bx{n`|rb*Bn vodywlqb jbfbvlq`o bj flil rjo ib nov oqibjlioqbv bv5
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‡ Bn v`vybml o{bqly`to W`jiowv*
‡ Bn {qofbvlioq ib ybxyov Woqi ib M`fqovody*
‡ Nl hoel ib fìnfrno Bxfbn ib M`fqovody*
‡ Nl alvb ib ilyov Lffbvv ib M`fqovody*
‡ Bn {qogqlml ib {qbvbjylf`ojbv gqìd`flv [owbq[o`jy*
‡ Bn vodywlqb ib @jybqjby M`fqovody @jybqjby Bx{noqbq*
Bv mrp lfojvbelanb i`v{ojbq ib n`aqov ib fojvrnyl bj bn lrnl. ib doqml |rb nov lnrmjov
`jybjybj arvflq vonrf`ojbv l nov {qoanbmlv |rb nbv vrqelj ljybv ib von`f`ylq nl lpril ibn{qodbvoq. pl |rb bvo nbv l{oqylqì rjl gqlj bx{bq`bjf`l ib flql ln möirno ib Doqmlf`öj
bj Fbjyqov ib Yqlaleo*
Ylma`àj vbqìj {ov`y`tov yoiov l|rbnnov `jvyqrmbjyov |rb dlf`n`ybj nl ylqbl ib bx{ov`f`öj
ibn {qodbvoq. ylnbv fomo qbyqo{qopbfyoq. ybnbt`v`öj. tíibo. byf*. p mrp bv{bf`lnmbjyb. rj
flüöj ib {qopbff`öj mrny`mbi`l*
7* FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRLF@ÖJ
Nl btlnrlf`öj vbqì `jib{bji`bjyb {lql flil rjl ib nlv yqbv btlnrlf`ojbv. v`bjio
jbfbvlq`o vr{bqlq nov fojof`m`bjyov míj`mov bx`g`anbv ib flil rjl ib bnnlv {lql
vr{bqlq bn möirno fom{nbyo*
Bvyb möirno bv mrp {qìfy`fo p bj àn vb bm{nblj b|r`{ov `jdoqmìy`fov p {qogqlmlv |rb
nl mlpoqíl ib nov lnrmjov jo vrbnbj ybjbq bj vrv hoglqbv. {oq yljyo. vb fojv`ibql rj
qb|rbq`m`bjyo bvbjf`ln nl lv`vybjf`l qbgrnlq l fnlvb {oq {lqyb ibn lnrmjo*
[lql btlnrlq ln lnrmjo ybjiqìj bj frbjyl5
Qbvrnyliov ib {qrbalv oaeby`tlv voaqb nov fojfb{yov bx{rbvyov bj nlv
rj`ilibv ib yqlaleo* Ln mbjov iov {oq flil btlnrlf`öj*
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Qbvrnyliov ib nlv {qrbalv {qìfy`flv qbln`ulilv bj nov b|r`{ov `jdoqmìy`fov
ibn fbjyqo*
Vbgr`m`bjyo ib nov bebqf`f`ov qbln`uliov {oq bn lnrmjo bj nl fnlvb*
Tlnoqlf`öj ib nlv {qìfy`flv qbln`ulilv bj fnlvb*
Lv`vybjf`l l fnlvb
Qbv{ojvla`n`ili bj bn yqlaleo
Lfy`yri bj fnlvb
8* FQ@YBQ@OV IB FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ
Vb fln`d`flqì l nov lnrmjov bj vbv`ojbv ib btlnrlf`öj rjl tbu ln d`jln ib flil yq`mbvyqb*
Nl fln`d`flf`öj ib flil lnrmjo vb bnlaoqlqì bj alvb l5
‡ Nl joyl oaybj`il bj nlv {qrbalv oaeby`tlv qbln`ulilv bj bn yq`mbvyqb. bj nlv frlnbv bn
lnrmjo ibmrbvyql nl foqqbfyl lv`m`nlf`öj ib nlv mlybq`lv `m{lqy`ilv*
‡ Nlv joylv oaybj`ilv bj nov bebqf`f`ov {qo{rbvyov {oq bn {qodbvoq irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb*
‡ Nl tlnoqlf`öj ibn {qodbvoq voaqb nlv {qìfy`flv p yqlaleov ibvlqqonnliov {oq bn lnrmjo
irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb. a`bj bj gqr{o o a`bj ib doqml `ji`t`irln*
‡ Nl {lqy`f`{lf`öj b `jybqtbjf`öj ibn lnrmjo bj fnlvb. no frln `ji`fl |rb nl lv`vybjf`l
l fnlvb bv lngo l ybjbq bj frbjyl nl hoql ib fln`d`flq ln lnrmjo*
‡ Nl lv`vybjf`l l fnlvb*
Nl fln`d`flf`öj ib nl btlnrlf`öj vbqì rj tlnoq jrmàq`fo v`j ibf`mlnbv bjyqb < p <;* Vb
fojv`ibqlqìj l{qoaliov yoiov nov lnrmjov frpl fln`d`flf`öj vbl ib 2 o vr{bq`oq*
0* FOJYBJ@IOV MÍJ@MOV BX@G@IOV
Nov fojybj`iov míj`mov |rb vb ibabj bx`g`q ln lnrmjo ln d`jln`ulq bn frqvo voj5
‡ Fojfb{yov ib hlqiwlqb p vodywlqb*
‡ Ibvfq`a`q nl nlaoq |rb ibvbm{bül bn v`vybml o{bqly`to bj bn oqibjlioq*
‡ Fojofbq nov y`{ov bvyìjilq ib {qogqlmlv |rb bx`vybj bj bn mbqflio*
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‡ Mljbelq W`jiowv l j`tbn ib rvrlq`o*
‡ Fqblq iofrmbjyov foj bn {qofbvlioq ib ybxyov*
‡ Ilq doqmlyo l rj iofrmbjyo*
‡
@jvbqylq ylanlv p gqìd`fov bj rj iofrmbjyo*‡ Fqblq rjl hoel ib fìnfrno ry`n`uljio döqmrnlv p drjf`ojbv*
‡ Fqblq gqìd`fov foj nl hoel ib fìnfrno*
‡ I`vbülq rjl alvb ib ilyov*
‡ Fqblq fojvrnylv. doqmrnlq`ov b `jdoqmbv {lql nl alvb ib ilyov*
‡ Foma`jlq foqqbv{ojibjf`l. voaqbv p by`|rbylv*
‡ Fqblq {qbvbjylf`ojbv gqìd`flv*
‡ Fojofbq nov y`{ov ib qbibv |rb {rbibj bx`vy`q bj rjl bm{qbvl*‡ Jltbglq {oq @jybqjby {lql nofln`ulq lngõj y`{o ib `jdoqmlf`öj fojfqbyl*
<;* LFY@T@ILIBV IB QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ
Nl qbfr{bqlf`öj ib lnrmjov foj `jvrd`f`bjf`lv vb bdbfyrlqì mbi`ljyb nl qbln`ulf`öj ib
lfy`t`ilibv ib qbfr{bqlf`öj. |rb joqmlnmbjyb fojv`vy`qì bj rjl {qrbal |rb vb qbln`ulqì
irqljyb nl v`gr`bjyb btlnrlf`öj3 bxfb{yo {lql nl ybqfbql btlnrlf`öj |rb vb qbln`ulqìi`qbfylmbjyb bj nl qbfr{bqlf`öj d`jln ib Erj`o* Bvyl {qrbal {rbib bvylq lfom{lülil ib
nl qbln`ulf`öj ib vr{rbvyov {qìfy`fov*
Nlv {qrbalv ib qbfr{bqlf`öj d`jln ib Erj`o vbqìj voaqb l|rbnnlv btlnrlf`ojbv |rb bn
lnrmjo jo hlpl vr{bqlio p bj alvb l nov míj`mov bx`g`anbv ib bvyl {qogqlmlf`öj*
<<* A@AN@OGQLDÍL
N`aqo ib ybxyo qbfombjilio {lql bn lnrmjo5
‡ L{n`flf`ojbv @jdoqmìy`flv ib {qo{öv`yo gbjbqln*
Lryoqbv5 [* Lgr`nbql. M* Moqljyb
(Bi`f`öj 1;;7)
Bi`yoq`ln5 Bi`ybx
<1* LFY@T@ILIBV FOM[NBMBJYLQ@LV P BXYQLBVFONLQBV
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Bjyoqjo ln mbv ib mlquo / laq`n. p frljio bn lnrmjlio vb ibvbjtrbntl foj nov v`vybmlv
`jdoqmìy`fov. lví fomo foj lngrjlv ib nlv l{n`flf`ojbv `jdoqmìy`flv qbdbq`ilv bj nl
{qogqlmlf`öj. vb {qofrqlqì nl t`v`yl l od`f`jlv `jdoqmly`ulilv r oqglj`vmov {õan`fov bj
nov |rb vb ry`n`fbj hla`yrlnmbjyb nov oqibjlioqbv bj bn ibvbm{büo ib vr ylqbl nlaoqln*
Voj v`y`ov lfojvbelanbv nov Lprjylm`bjyov. nlv rj`tbqv`ilibv. nov aljfov. nlv lvbvoqílv
ib gqlj ylmlüo o fom{lüílv ib vbgrqov ib gqlj bjtbqglirql. yljyo jlf`ojlnbv fomo
fomrj`ylq`lv*
Ylma`àj vbqíl `jybqbvljyb {oibq lv`vy`q foj nov lnrmjov l lngrjl dbq`l `jdoqmìy`fl bj nl
|rb {rbilj oavbqtlq ib fbqfl nov õny`mov {qoirfyov |rb l{lqbfbj bj bn mbqflio*
<6* MBI@ILV IB LYBJF@ÖJ L NL I@TBQV@ILI
Bn ibvlqqonno ibn {q`jf`{`o ib lybjf`öj l nl i`tbqv`ili {qbvbjyl yqbv j`tbnbv |rb vb
fojfqbylj bj5
- nlv lil{ylf`ojbv frqq`frnlqbv.
- nl o{f`ojln`ili frqq`frnlq p
- nl i`tbqv`d`flf`öj frqq`frnlq*
[lql lybjibq l bvylv i`dbqbjf`lv vb hlj {qbt`vyo nlv v`gr`bjybv lfyrlf`ojbv5
‡ Vb i`dbqbjf`lj yoiov l|rbnnov bnbmbjyov |rb qbvrnylj bvbjf`lnbv ib nov fojybj`iov
|rb lm{nílj o {qodrji`ulj bj nov m`vmov*
‡ Vb hl gqlirlio nl i`d`frnyli ib nlv ylqblv. ib doqml |rb yoiov nov lnrmjov {rbilj
bjfojyqlq bv{lf`ov ib qbv{rbvyl libfrliov {lql vr lfyrlf`öj*
‡ Nlv lfy`t`ilibv vb {rbibj ibvlqqonnlq bj gqr{ov ib yqlaleo hbybqogàjbov foj
dnbx`a`n`ili bj bn qb{lqyo ib ylqblv*
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@BV VLJ VBALVY@ÌJ
IB[LQYLMBJYO IB FOMBQF@O
F@FNO IB GQLIO MBI@O5 FOMBQF@O
MÖIRNO5 BN FOMBQF@O P YQLJV[OQYB BJ LJILNRFÍL
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DLM@N@L5 FOMBQF@O P MLCBY@JG
F@FNO VR[BQ@OQ BJ GBVY@ÖJFOMBQF@LN P MLQCBY@JG
MÖIRNODOQMLF@ÖJ BJ FBJYQOV IB YQLALEO
Ib{lqylmbjyo ib Fombqf`o
„@BV Vlj Vbalvy`ìj”
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<*-@JYQOIRFF@ÖJ*
Nl irqlf`öj ib bvyb möirno bv ib 19; hoqlv p vb ibvlqqonnlirqljyb bn {q`mbq yq`mbvyqb ibn frqvo*
L nov lnrmjov ib 1µ frqvo ibn gqlio Vr{bq`oq bj Gbvy`öjFombqf`ln p Mlqcby`jg vb nbv fojtofl ljybv ib `j`f`lq bn {qopbfyo`jybgqlio p nl doqmlf`öj bj bm{qbvlv l d`j ib qbflalq vrv ilyov{bqvojlnbv p lfliàm`fov lví fomo vrv grvyov o {qbdbqbjf`lv*
Ibv{ràv yoiov nov m`bmaqov ibn ib{lqylmbjyo jov qbrj`mov{lql lv`gjlq nlv bm{qbvlv `jybjyljio fojf`n`lq nlv {by`f`ojbv ib
nlv bm{qbvlv foj nov `jybqbvbv p doqmlf`öj ibn lnrmjlio*Rjl tbu qbln`ulio bvyb {qofbvo vb nbv fomrj`fl l nov lnrmjov pvb hlfb bjyqbgl ibn FRLIBQJO IB DOQMLF@ÖJ BJFBJYQOV IB YQLALEO {lql |rb nlv bm{qbvlv nnbtbj bn!Fojyqon i`lq`o! ibn lnrmjo. b `grlnmbjyb. vb `jdoqml l novFbjyqov fonlaoqlioqbv ibn `j`f`o ib nlv {qìfy`flv.ybm{oqln`ulf`öj. eoqjlil. byf* {lql vr fojof`m`bjyo. mbi`ljybfomrj`flf`öj ybnbdöj`fl o mbi`ljyb t`v`yl {bqvojln ibn yryoqiofbjyb bj nl |rb libmìv vb bjyqbglj nov LFRBQIOV IBFONLAOQLF@ÖJ {lql |rb vblj d`qmliov p vbnnliov {oq nov
qb{qbvbjyljybv nbglnbv ib nov bvylanbf`m`bjyov*
1*- FL[LF@ILIBV YBQMYJLNBV
<) Ibvlqqonnlq nov yqlaleov ib flm{o {lql nl qbln`ulf`öj ibbvyri`ov fombqf`lnbv. ib lfrbqio foj rjov oaeby`tov ibd`j`iov*
1) Qbln`ulq ylqblv ib gbvy`öj p tbq`d`flf`öj bj {qofbvov iblnmlfbjleb-i`vyq`arf`öj ibvlqqonnliov bj nl bm{qbvl*
6) Qbln`ulq gbvy`ojbv bj nlv o{bqlf`ojbv ib fom{qltbjyl ib nlbm{qbvl*
9) Ibvlqqonnlq {nljbv ib mbqfhlji`v`jg |rb o{y`m`fbj nlv tbjylv*
2) Qbln`ulq ylqblv ib vbgr`m`bjyo ibn {nlj ib mlqcby`jgbvylanbf`io {oq nl bm{qbvl*
4) Frm{n`q frln|r`bq lfy`t`ili o ylqbl lv`gjlil qbnlf`ojlil fojbn yqlaleo |rb qbln`ul foj qbv{ojvla`n`ili {qodbv`ojlnibmovyqljio rjl lfy`yri ib vr{bqlf`öj p qbv{byo*
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6*-FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRLF@ÖJ
@ibjy`d`flq nov {lqìmbyqov |rb tlj l `jdnr`q bj bn bvyri`o*
@ibjy`d`flq nlv flqlfybqívy`flv ib nov vrebyov r oqglj`vmov |rbtlj l vbq vomby`iov l nl yàfj`fl ib qbfog`il ib ilyov*
@ibjy`d`flq bn ìma`yo gbogqìd`fo bj bn |rb vb tl l {qopbfylq bnbvyri`o*
Bxyqlbq rjl mrbvyql qb{qbvbjyly`tl p bnbg`q nl yàfj`fllibfrlil ib mrbvyqbo*
L{n`flq foqqbfylmbjyb yàfj`flv frln`yly`tlv p frljy`yly`tlv ibqbfog`il ib `jdoqmlf`öj ib drbjybv {q`mlq`lv p vbfrjilq`lvbj bn {qofbvo ib oaybjf`öj ib `jdoqmlf`öj*
Ry`n`ulq libfrlilmbjyb nlv yàfj`flv bvyliívy`flv {lql yqlylqnl `jdoqmlf`öj p oaybjbq fojfnrv`ojbv*
[qbvbjylq nlv fojfnrv`ojbv ibn yqlaleo ib flm{o qbln`uliobj y`bm{o p doqml l yqltàv ib rj `jdoqmb*
Oaybjbq p yqlm`ylq iofrmbjyov qb|rbq`iov bj o{bqlf`ojbvib yqljv{oqyb bj y`bm{o p doqml fojdoqmb l nlv joqmlvt`gbjybv*
@ibjy`d`flq nov fljlnbv ib i`vyq`arf`öj bvylanbf`iov bj nlbm{qbvl p ljln`ulq bn fovyb |rb vr{ojb nl bvyqrfyrql ib novm`vmov*
Ljln`ulq nov bv{lf`ov p qrylv ib i`vyq`arf`öj `jybqjl bj bnlnmlfàj p btlnrlq vr `iojb`ili p {qo{ojbq bj vr flvoflma`ov |rb mbeoqbj nl gbvy`öj*
Bdbfyrlq foqqbfylmbjyb fìnfrnov ib tlnoqlf`öj ibbx`vybjf`lv. yqlvnliljio nov qbvrnyliov ln iofrmbjyo
bv{bf`d`flio*
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Ry`n`ulq libfrlilmbjyb nov {qogqlmlv `jdoqmìy`fov ibgbvy`öj ib lnmlfàj*
Yqljvm`y`q `jdoqmlf`öj {qbf`vl l nov i`dbqbjybv ebdbv iblnmlfàj ib nlv qbi nogívy`fl*
Fojdbff`ojlq `jtbjylq`ov v`gr`bjio fq`ybq`ov p joqmlvbvylanbf`iov*
Qbln`ulq bvyri`ov voaqb nl mbeoql ib vyofcv l{n`flil l nlbm{qbvl*
@ibjy`d`flq bn vbgmbjyo ib mbqflio ib {qotbbioqbv pfn`bjybv ib nl bm{qbvl p vrv flqlfybqívy`flv*
Oaybjbq `jdoqmlf`öj {qbf`vl voaqb nlv odbqylv ib
{qotbbioqbv*
Ry`n`ulq nov {qogqlmlv `jdoqmìy`fov i`v{oj`anbv bj nlbm{qbvl {lql nl gbvy`öj ib nl fom{qltbjyl*
Bdbfyrlq fojylfyov foj {qotbbioqbv p fn`bjybv frljio noqb|r`bql nl gbvy`öj fombqf`ln ib nl bm{qbvl*
L{n`flq nlv yàfj`flv ib tbjyl l{qbji`ilv*
Fojdbff`ojlq d`fhbqov ib fn`bjybv p {qotbbioqbv p
mljybjbqnov lfyrln`uliov*
@ibjy`d`flq nl `mlgbj |rb |r`bqb yqljvm`y`q nl bm{qbvl py`{onogíl ib nl fn`bjybnl*
Ljln`ulq nov i`vy`jyov màyoiov ib mbqfhlji`v`jg {lqlqbjyla`n`ulq nlv tbjylv p {qomotbq mbi`ilv |rb mbeoqbj nlgbvy`öj*
Fojyqonlq nl `m{nljylf`öj ib nov {qoirfyov bj bnbvylanbf`m`bjyo ib lfrbqio foj nlv foji`f`ojbv
bvylanbf`ilv*
Ljln`ulq nl uojl p nrglq libfrlio {lql fonoflq nov {qoirfyovibjyqo ibn {rjyo ib tbjyl*
Tlnoqlq nl bd`flf`l ib nl `m{nljylf`öj ib nov {qoirfyovry`n`uljio `jvyqrmbjyov ib mbi`f`öj frln`yly`tov pfrljy`yly`tov*
@ibjy`d`flq nov oaeby`tov ib {nlj ib mlqcby`jg*
Qbfogbq `jdoqmlf`öj ibn l{n`fljio nov {qofbi`m`bjyovlibfrliov {lql tlnoqlq bn frm{n`m`bjyo ib nov oaeby`tov*
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Tbq`d`flq |rb nl bebfrf`öj ib nl flm{lül {ran`f`ylq`l vbbdbfyõl bj nlv foji`f`ojbv fojyqlylilv*
Qbln`ulq rj bvyri`o lfbqfl ib nl bd`flf`l ib nl flm{lül{ran`f`ylq`l qbln`ulil p {qo{ojbq bj vr flvo bvyqlybg`lv
{ovybq`oqbv*
Bj yoio mombjyo movyqlq rjl lfy`yri ib qbv{byo l nov{qofbi`m`bjyov p joqmlv ib nl bm{qbvl*
@jfoq{oqlqvb {rjyrlnmbjyb ln {rbvyo ib yqlaleo. i`vdqryljioib nov ibvfljvov {bqm`y`iov p jo laljiojljio bn fbjyqo ibyqlaleo ljybv ib no bvylanbf`io v`j moy`tov iba`ilmbjyb ervy`d`fliov*
@jybq{qbylq p frm{n`q foj i`n`gbjf`l nlv `jvyqrff`ojbv qbf`a`ilv
p qbv{ojvla`n`ulqvb ibn yqlaleo lv`gjlio fomrj`fìjiovbfoj nl {bqvojl libfrlil bj flil mombjyo*
Mljybjbq qbnlf`ojbv `jybq{bqvojlnbv dnr`ilv p foqqbfylv fojnov fom{lübqov ib yqlaleo*
Fooqi`jlq vr lfy`t`ili foj bn qbvyo ib ib{lqylmbjyov p ibnb|r`{o. `jdoqmljio ib frln|r`bq flma`o. jbfbv`iliqbnbtljyb o fojy`jgbjf`l jo {qbt`vyl*
Bvy`mlq nlv qb{bqfrv`ojbv ib vr lfy`t`ili bj nov {qofbvovfombqf`lnbv ib nl bm{qbvl p bj nl `mlgbj |rb àvyl{qopbfyl*
Frm{n`q qbv{ojvlanbmbjyb foj nlv joqmlv. {qofbvov p{qofbi`m`bjyov bvylanbf`iov ljyb frln|r`bq lfy`t`ili o ylqbl.oaeby`tov. y`bm{o ib qbln`ulf`öj p j`tbnbv ebqìq|r`fovbx`vybjybv bj nl bm{qbvl*
9*- OAEBY@TOV GBJBQLNBV
- Li|r`q`q bn fojerjyo ib fojof`m`bjyov. hla`n`ilibv.ibvyqbulv. lfy`yribv p {qofbvov fombqf`lnbv l yqltàv ib nldoqmlf`öj. bx{bq`bjf`l nlaoqln p qbln`ulf`öj ib rj {qopbfyo`jybgqlio |rb {bqm yl nl v`mrnlf`öj ib rj {b|rbüobvylanbf`m`bjyo fombqf`ln*
- L{qbjibq l ibvbm{bülq qonbv bj i`dbqbjybv v`yrlf`ojbv ibyqlaleo |rb vb {nljyblj bj bn bm{nbo*
- Li|r`q`q fom{bybjf`l jbfbvlq`l {lql bebfrylq nov {nljbv iblfyrlf`öj bvylanbf`iov {lql nl fombqf`ln`ulf`öj ib {qoirfyov p
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vbqt`f`ov bj nlv mbeoqbv foji`f`ojbv ib fln`ili. y`bm{o. nrglqp {qbf`o*
- Fojofbq nov v`vybmlv ib lim`j`vyqlf`öj p gbvy`öj ib rj{b|rbüo bvylanbf`m`bjyo fombqf`ln*
- Fom{qbjibq nl oqglj`ulf`öj p flqlfybqívy flv ibn Fombqf`o*
- Lnfljulq `ibjy`ili p mlirqbu {qodbv`ojln vrd`f`bjyb {lqllil{ylqvb l nl lfy`t`ili {qodbv`ojln*
-- Ry n ulq yàfj`flv ib tbjyl p lybjf`öj ln fn bjyb. l{n fljio
màyoiov {v`fonög`fov*
2*- LFY@T@ILIBV L IBVLQQONNLQ [OQ NOV LNRMJOVBJ BN FBJYQO IB YQLALEO* VBFRBJF@LF@OJ-
Nlv lfy`t`ilibv |rb foj mìv dqbfrbjf`l ibvlqqonnlqlj novlnrmjov bj bn fbjyqo ib yqlaleo voj5
<»*- Fojof`m`bjyo ib nl bm{qbvl. oqglj`ulf`öj. yoml ib
fojylfyo foj bn yryoq nlaoqln* (Irqljyb <l eoqjlil)*
1»*- Fojof`m`bjyo ib nov lqyífrnov oaebyo ibn fombqf`o vbgõjnl bv{bf`ln`ili ib nl bm{qbvl lv`gjlil ln lnrmjo* (<l p 1l vbmljl)*
Bj yoio flvo. irqljyb yoio bn {bq`oio ib doqmlf`öj5
6»- O{bqlq foj {qogqlmlv `jdoqmìy fov |rb dlf n ybj nl gbvy öj`jybgqlil ib o{bqlf`ojbv fombqf`lnbv p bvyri`ov ib mbqflio*
9µ Ljln`ulq nov bdbfyov |rb {qoirfbj nl l{n`flf`öj fojerjyl ib nlvtlq`lanbv ib mlqcby`jg bj nl {oníy`fl fombqf`ln ib nl bm{qbvl*
2µ Oqglj`ulq {qofbvov ib fom{qltbjyl. vbnbff`ojljio yàfj`flvib jbgof`lf`öj bj drjf`öj ibn y`{o ib fn`bjybv o {qotbbioqbv*
2µ- Frljio bj nl bm{qbvl vb qb|r`bql. `jybq{qbylq `jdoqmlf`öjfombqf`ln bj `jgnàv p bx{qbvlqvb ib doqml foqqbfyl bj i`fhlnbjgrl*
4*- YBM[OQLN@ULF@OJ-
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Nlv {qìfy`flv bj bm{qbvlv vb ibvlqqonnlqìj irqljyb bn {q`mbqyq`mbvyqb ibn frqvo. bj bn {bq`oio fom{qbji`io bjyqb Ofyraqb pI`f`bmaqb. iljio fom`bjuo bn << ib Ofyraqb p bvyljio{qbt`vyl vr d jln ulf`öj bn 16 ib I`f`bmaqb*
Nlv eoqjlilv ib {qìfy flv vb i`vyq`arpbj ib nl v`gr`bjyb doqml5
% Vbmljlnmbjyb5
% 4 hoqlv i`lq`lv ib Mlqybv l T`bqjbv bj Fbjyqov ib Yqlaleo*Nov nrjbv vb ibi`flqìj l nl qbln`ulf`öj. oq`bjylf`öj ibn{qopbfyo `jybgqlio. lví fomo l nl vr{bqt`v`öj {oq {lqyb ibn{qodbvoq bjflqglio ibn vbgr`m`bjyo ib nl DFY ib novFRLIBQJOV IB DOQMLF@ÖJ BJ FBJYQOV IB YQLALEO pl lybjibq l|rbnnov {qoanbmlv p ljomlnílv |rb nov lnrmjov
bx{ojglj {rjyrlnmbjyb foj qbnlf`öj l nl mlqfhl ib nlv {qìfy flv*JOYL5 Nl i`vyq`arf`öj ib hoqlv irqljyb nl eoqjlil bj DFY vbqìnl fojtbj`il ib mryro lfrbqio vbgõj nlv jbfbv`ilibv ib nlvbm{qbvlv p nlv ib nov lnrmjov*
7*- [NLJ IB VBGR@M@BJYO
Bn vbgr`m`bjyo ib nl Doqmlf`öj bj Fbjyqov ib Yqlaleo vbqbln`ulqì |r`jfbjlnmbjyb mbi`ljyb t`v`ylv p bjyqbt`vylv
{bqvojlnbv ibn {qodbvoq/yryoq foj nov yryoqbv nlaoqlnbv* Jooavyljyb. vb mljybjiqì. `grlnmbjyb. fojylfyo ybnbdöj`fo foj nlvbm{qbvlv. bj nov flvov |rb vb fojv`ibqb fojtbj`bjyb*
Lv`m`vmo. vb fojyqonlqìj vbmljlnmbjyb nlv lfy`t`ilibv |rbtlplj qbln`uljio nov lnrmjov bj nlv bm{qbvlv. p |rbjbfbvlq`lmbjyb ibabj qbfogbqvb bj bn FRLIBQJO IBDOQMLF@ÖJ. {lql |rb bj {ovybq`oqbv bjyqbt`vylv foj novyryoqbv nlaoqlnbv. bn {qodbvoq/yryoq iofbjyb {rbil von`f`ylqlfnlqlf`ojbv p fombjylq frljylv frbvy`ojbv vblj jbfbvlq`lv*
8*-BTLNRLF@ÖJ
Nl btlnrlf`öj vb qbln ulqì bj drjf`öj ib nov v`gr`bjybv {rjyov5
- Tlnoqlq bn gqlio ib frm{nm`bjyo ib nov fq ybq`ov bvylanbf`iov
bj l{lqyliov ljybq`oqbv*
Tlnoqlq nl o{`j`öj bm yil l yln d j {oq nov yryoqbv nlaoqlnbv*
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- Vb ybjiqì. `grlnmbjyb. bj frbjyl nlv n`m`ylf`ojbv |rb {ri`bqlybjbq bn {qo{`o fbjyqo ib yqlaleo lv`gjlio ln lnrmjo p |rb. {oqyljyo. {bqm`yl o `m{`il bn qbln`ulq yoilv o lngrjlv ylqblvlibfrlilmbjyb*
- Fojyqon ib lv`vybjf`l. bx`g`àjiovb ln lnrmjo nl ervy d flf`öj ibnlv lrvbjf`lv*
Joyl5 [lql qbln`ulq nl btlnrlf`öj ib nl dlvb ib Doqmlf`öj bjFbjyqov ib Yqlaleo vb hlfb bjyqbgl l nov lnrmjov ib rjfrbvy`ojlq`o ib lfy`t`ilibv {qogqlmlilv |rb ibab vbqfrm{n`mbjylio {oq nov yryoqbv nlaoqlnbv*
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[QOGQLMLF@ÖJ IB GBVY@ÖJ IB NLFOM[QLTBJYL
GBVY@ÖJ FOMBQF@LN P MLQCBY@JGFRQVO 1;<</1;<1
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@JYQOIRFF@ÖJ
Bn möirno Gbvy`öj ib nl fom{qltbjyl {bqybjbfb ln f`fno doqmly`to ib gqlio vr{bq`oq ibGbvy`öj Fombqf`ln p Mlqcby`jg* Ibjyqo ibn frqqífrno ib bvyb f`fno. bvyì lvof`lio l nl
rj`ili ib fom{bybjf`l 25 gbvy`ojlq nlv o{bqlf`ojbv ib fom{qltbjyl ib {qoirfyov p/ovbqt`f`ov*
OAEBY@TOV GBJBQLNBV
Ibjyqo ib nov oaeby`tov gbjbqlnbv ibn f`fno doqmly`to. vb {rbibj bxyqlbq nov v`gr`bjybv{lql bn {qbvbjyb möirno5
- Ibvlqqonnlq {qofbvov ib nogívy`fl fombqf`ln. fooqi`jljio nlv i`dbqbjybvlfy`t`ilibv qbnlf`ojlilv foj bn mot`m`bjyo p mljbeo ib {qoirfyov. ibvib novfbjyqov ib {qoirff`öj hlvyl nov {rjyov ib fojvrmo p lvof`ljio oaeby`tov ib nli`vyq`arf`öj foj nov oaeby`tov fombqf`lnbv ib nl bm{qbvl*
- [nlj`d`flq p ibvlqqonnlq yqlaleov ib flm{o. `ibjy`d`fljio drbjybv {q`mlq`lv pvbfrjilq`lv. ibd`j`bjio {lrylv |rb vb ibabj vbgr`q. ìma`yov gbogqìd`fov ibl{n`flf`öj p ry`n`uljio nlv yàfj`flv ib qbfog`il ib `jdoqmlf`öj libfrlilv lnoaebyo ib bvyri`o*
- @jybq{qbylq nl `jdoqmlf`öj oaybj`il ib nlv tlq`lanbv mlfqo/m`fqo-bfojöm`flv.{oníy`flv. vof`onög`flv p fombqf`lnbv. ibd`j`q nl qbnlf`öj drjf`ojln bjyqb bnnlv pljln`ulq nov bdbfyov |rb {qoirfbj bj i`dbqbjybv bvyqlybg`lv fombqf`lnbv*
- Ljln`ulq nov bdbfyov |rb {qoirfbj nl l{n`flf`öj fojerjyl ib nlv {oníy`flv ibmlqcby`jg5 {qbf`o. {qoirfyo. vbqt`f`o. fomrj`flf`öj p i`vyq`arf`öj. bj nl {oníy`flfombqf`ln ib rjl bm{qbvl. bvylanbf`bjio nl qbnlf`öj drjf`ojln |rb bx`vyb bjyqbbnnlv*
- L{n`flq nlv yàfj`flv bvyliívy`flv bv{bfíd`flv l rjl vbq`b ib ilyov {lql oaybjbq rjlibybqm`jlil `jdoqmlf`öj. `jybq{qbyljio nov qbvrnyliov oaybj`iov p oaybj`bjio
fojfnrv`ojbv*
- Oqglj`ulq {qofbvov ib fom{qltbjyl. bnlaoqljio {nljbv |rb ibybqm`jbjlfyrlf`ojbv p oaeby`tov. vbnbff`ojljio yàfj`flv ib jbgof`lf`öj bj drjf`öj ibny`{o ib fn`bjybv/{qotbbioqbv p ibd`j`bjio mbi`ilv ib fojyqon |rb ibybfybjibvt`lf`ojbv ib nov nogqov foj nlv {qbt`v`ojbv
- Ry`n`ulq yàfj`flv ib fomrj`flf`öj bj nlv qbnlf`ojbv fombqf`lnbv fojfn`bjybv/{qotbbioqbv p bj bn bjyoqjo ib yqlaleo. {lql yqljvm`y`q o qbf`a`q`jdoqmlf`öj p qbvontbq v`yrlf`ojbv fojdn`fy`tlv |rb {rbibj {qbvbjylqvb bj bnibvlqqonno ib nl lfy`t`ili*
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- O{bqlq foj {qogqlmlv `jdoqmìy`fov |rb dlf`n`ybj nl gbvy`öj `jybgqlil ibo{bqlf`ojbv fombqf`lnbv p bvyri`ov ib mbqflio p o{y`m`fbj bn yqlylm`bjyo poqglj`ulf`öj ib nl `jdoqmlf`öj oq`g`jlil bj bn ibvlqqonno ib nl lfy`t`ili*
- @jybq{qbylq bn mlqfo nbgln. bfojöm`fo p oqglj`uly`to |rb qbgrnl p foji`f`ojl nl
lfy`t`ili `jirvyq`ln. `ibjy`d`fljio nov ibqbfhov p nlv oan`glf`ojbv |rb vb ibq`tljib nlv qbnlf`ojbv bj bn bjyoqjo ib yqlaleo. lví fomo nov mbflj`vmov ib `jvbqf`öjnlaoqln*
- Vbnbff`ojlq p tlnoqlq fqíy`flmbjyb nlv i`tbqvlv drbjybv ib `jdoqmlf`öjqbnlf`ojlilv foj vr {qodbv`öj. |rb nb {bqm`yl bn ibvlqqonno ib vr fl{lf`ili iblryol{qbji`uleb p {ov`a`n`ybj nl btonrf`öj p lil{ylf`öj ib vrv fl{lf`ilibv{qodbv`ojlnbv l nov flma`ov ybfjonög`fov p oqglj`uly`tov ibn vbfyoq*
FL[LF@ILIBV [QODBV@OJLNBV
- Oaybjbq ilyov qbnly`tov l nl `jtbvy`glf`öj fombqf`ln. fojyqonljio nl d`la`n`ili ibnlv drbjybv ib `jdoqmlf`öj. {qofbvlq p oqglj`ulq i`fhl `jdoqmlf`öj. l{n`fljionlv yàfj`flv bvyliívy`flv libfrlilv*
- Bnlaoqlq nl iofrmbjylf`öj ib alvb jbfbvlq`l {lql bvylanbfbq nlv i`dbqbjybv{oníy`flv ib mlqcby`jg3 oaybj`bjio p tlnoqljio nl `jdoqmlf`öj voaqb nlibd`j`f`öj ibn {qoirfyo o vbqt`f`o. vr {qbf`o p bn ib nl fom{bybjf`l. bj{qoirfyov o vbqt`f`ov v`m`nlqbv. fojyqonljio p tlnoqljio nl bd`flf`l ib nl lff`öj{ran`f`ylq`l*
- Gbvy`ojlq nl nogívy`fl fombqf`ln. oqglj`uljio nov bv{lf`ov p bn drjf`ojlm`bjyoibn lnmlfàj. fojyqonljio nov mot`m`bjyov ib mbqfljfílv. oqglj`uljio nov{qofbi`m`bjyov ib i`vyq`arf`öj ib nov {qoirfyov p gbvy`ojljio nlv bx`vybjf`lv bjlnmlfàj p nlv ibtonrf`ojbv ib mbqfljfílv*
- Gbvy`ojlq nlv o{bqlf`ojbv ib fom{qltbjyl ib {qoirfyov p/o vbqt`f`ov.mljybj`bjio qbnlf`ojbv foj nov {qotbbioqbv. bvylanbf`bjio v`vybmlv ib`jdoqmlf`öj fomo vo{oqyb ib nl lfy`t`ili fombqf`ln. bnlaoqljio p {oj`bjio bjmlqfhl bn {nlj ib lff`öj ib nl o{bqlf`öj ib tbjyl p fojyqonljio bn ibvlqqonno p
btonrf`öj ib nlv lfyrlf`ojbv ibn b|r`{o ib tbjylv p bn frm{n`m`bjyo ib nlvfoji`f`ojbv {lfylilv foj nov {qotbbioqbv*
- [ovbbq rjl t`v`öj gnoaln b `jybgqlil ibn {qofbvo fombqf`ln qbnly`tl l novi`dbqbjybv lv{bfyov yàfj`fov. oqglj`uly`tov. bfojöm`fov p hrmljov qbnlf`ojliovfoj l|ràn*
- Lil{ylqvb l jrbtlv v`yrlf`ojbv nlaoqlnbv gbjbqlilv fomo fojvbfrbjf`l ib novflma`ov {qoirf`iov bj nlv yàfj`flv. oqglj`ulf`öj nlaoqln p lv{bfyov bfojöm`fovqbnlf`ojliov foj vr {qodbv`öj*
- Mljybjbq qbnlf`ojbv dnr`ilv foj nov m`bmaqov ibn gqr{o drjf`ojln bj bn |rb bvyì`jybgqlio. qbv{ojvla`n`uìjiovb ib nl fojvbfrf`öj ib nov oaeby`tov lv`gjliov ln
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gqr{o. qbv{byljio bn yqlaleo ib nov ibmìv. oqglj`uljio p i`q`g`bjio ylqblvfonbfy`tlv p foo{bqljio bj nl vr{bqlf`öj ib nlv i`d`frnylibv |rb vb {qbvbjybj*
- Qbvontbq {qoanbmlv p yomlq ibf`v`ojbv bj bn ìma`yo ib nlv qbnlf`ojbv ib vrvvraoqi`jliov p ib nov vrpov {qo{`ov. bj bn mlqfo ib nlv joqmlv p {nljbv
bvylanbf`iov. fojvrnyljio foj vrv vr{bq`oqbv nl vonrf`öj lio{ylil frljio novbdbfyov |rb vb {rbilj {qoirf`q lnybqbj nlv foji`f`ojbv joqmlnbv ib vbgrq`ili. iboqglj`ulf`öj o bfojöm`flv*
- Bvyri`lq p {qo{ojbq jrbtov fq`ybq`ov o lff`ojbv bjflm`jlilv l mbeoqlq nllfy`t`ili ib vr rj`ili. mljybj`àjiovb `jdoqmlio ib nlv `jjotlf`ojbv.ybjibjf`lv. ybfjonogíl p joqmly`tl l{n`flanb l vr ìma`yo ib fom{bybjf`l*
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FL[LF@ILIBV YBQM@JLNBV FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRBnlaoqlq {nljbv ib lff`öj ib tbjylv |rb qbnlf`ojbyoiov nov dlfyoqbv |rb `jybqt`bjbj p vb lil{yb l rjovoaeby`tov {qbt`lmbjyb ibd`j`iov
‡ Ibvfq`a`q nov {q`jf`{lnbv lv{bfyov |rb ibabj `jybq‡ Ibvfq`a`q nlv dlvbv drjilmbjylnbv |rb fom{ojbj‡ Ibd`j`q nov màyoiov p fq`ybq`ov ib vbnbff`öj
qbfnrylm`bjyo ib tbjibioqbv‡
L {lqy`q ib rj vr{rbvyo {nlj p {qbvr{rbvyo ib fojtbj`bjybmbjyb flqlfybq`ulio5- @jybq{qbylq nov oaeby`tov bvylanbf`iov {lql- Vbülnlq uojlv gbogqìd`flv ibjyqo ib nl i
bjf`ml p {oq ibaleo ibn {oybjf`ln ib fombj bvyov ním`ybv
- Ibirf`q bn ylmlüo ibn b|r`{o ib tbjylv {- Bvylanbfbq oaeby`tov ib tbjyl {oq fn`bjyb
ibn {qoirfyo. {oq mbvbv o {oq f`fno ib t`i- Flnfrnlq bn jõmbqo ib t`v`ylv {oq tbji
flqybql ib {qoirfyov
- Fojdbff`ojlq qrylv {lql nov tbjibioqbv b{oq uojlv p y`bm{ov mrbqyov
- Qluojlq bn gqlio ib lervyb fojvbgr`io ibib mlqcby`jg
Ljln`ulq p l{n`flq {qofbvov p màyoiov libfrliov bjnl jbgof`lf`öj ib nlv foji`f`ojbv ib o{bqlf`ojbv ibtbjyl
‡ Bx{n`flq nlv i`dbqbjybv byl{lv ib rj {qofbvfom{ql/tbjyl
‡ @ibjy`d`flq p ibvfq`a`q nlv yàfj`flv ib jbgof`lf`öj‡ I`vy`jgr`q bjyqb nl lff`öj ib tbjibq p nl lff`öj i‡ @jybq{qbylq nl joqmly`tl mbqfljy`n |rb qbgrnl nov‡ Bj nl v`mrnlf`öj ib rjl bjyqbt`vyl o fojylfyo f
jbgof`lf`ojbv5- Flqlfybq`ulq ln `jybqnofryoq {lql bvyla
irqljyb bn {qofbvo ib jbgof`lf`öj- Ry`n`ulq nl yàfj`fl ib jbgof`lf`öj libfrli
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‡ Ibd`j`q nov {q`jf`{lnbv {lqìmbyqov |rb fojd`grqlj‡ L {lqy`q ib rjov ilyov. bvylanbfbq rjl {nlj
fojybm{nb nov v`gr`bjybv lv{bfyov5- Bvy`mlq nlv jbfbv`ilibv. alulv p iba`n`il- @ibjy`d`flq nov {q`jf`{lnbv lv{bfyov ib nl j- [qbf`vlq nlv fojfbv`ojbv mryrlv. vr fovyb- V`jyby`ulq nl vbfrbjf`l ibn {nlj- [qbibf`q nlv {qoalanbv {ovyrqlv ibn fn`bj
{qo{`lv ibn tbjibioq o fom{qlioq- Bx{n`flq nov ním`ybv bj nl jbgof`lf`öj ib n
‡ Ililv yqbv odbqylv ib {qotbbioqbv bj nlv |rb glqljyílv p j`tbn ib vbqt`f`o p vb ibd`jbj nlv jfom{qlioql5
- Vbnbff`ojlq l|rbnnl |rb. bj yàqm`jov fomp vb lil{yl l nov oaeby`tov fombqf`lnbv ib
- Ibybfylq nbj nl odbqyl vbnbff`ojlil {ov`an
L{n`flq yàfj`flv ib fomrj`flf`öj bj bn ibvlqqonno ibqbnlf`ojbv fombqf`lnbv
‡ @ibjy`d`flq nlv `jjotlf`ojbv ybfjonög`flv |fomrj`flf`öj
‡ Ibd`j`q nlv yàfj`flv mìv ry`n`ulilv ib fomrj`jdoqmlf`öj p lybjf`öj l fn`bjybv
‡ Ibvfq`a`q nlv dlvbv |rb fom{ojbj rjl bjyqbt`vyl ‡ Bj rjl vr{rbvyl fojtbqvlf`öj ybnbdöj`fl foj rj f
- @ibjy`d`flqvb b `ibjy`d`flq ln `jybqnofry{qoyofono
- Lil{ylq vr lfy`yri p i`vfrqvo l nl v`yrlf`ö- Fojyqonlq nl fnlq`ili p nl {qbf`v`öj bj nl y
‡ Ilio rj ybml fojfqbyo {lql bx{ojbq5- Bx{qbvlqno ib doqml oqln ibnljyb ib
fomrj`flf`öj bj nl |rb `jybqt`bjbj iov `j
‡ Bj rjl v`yrlf`öj v`mrnlil ib lybjf`öj l rj fn`bj- Ljln`ulq bn fom{oqylm`bjyo ibn fn`bjyb p fl
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- Ry`n`ulq nl yàfj`fl ib fomrj`flf`öj libfrl
‡ L {lqy`q ib rj vr{rbvyo ib von`f`yri/yqljvm`v`öj rj bvfq`yo |rb oavbqtb bn yqlylm`bjyo libfrlio doqml fojf`vl bj drjf`öj ib vr d`jln`ili*
Ibd`j`q v`vybmlv ib qbfog`ilv p yqlylm`bjyo ib ilyov|rb vb gbjbqlj bj v`yrlf`ojbv ib fom{qltbjyl.l{n`fljio yàfj`flv ib oqglj`ulf`öj ib nol`jdoqmlf`öj p ry`n`uljio v` {qofbib. {qogqlmlv`jdoqmìy`fov |rb dlf`n`ybj nlv o{bqlf`ojbv
‡ Lffbibq l nl `jdoqmlf`öj lnmlfbjlil bj {qogqlm‡ @jybgqlq nl `jdoqmlf`öj {qofbibjyb ib {qofbvov
ilyov‡ Ibd`j`q nlv yàfj`flv ib lqfh`to mìv ry`n`ulilv
fom{qltbjyl‡ @ibjy`d`flq nov ilyov bvbjf`lnbv |rb ibabj
fn`bjybv/{qotbbioqbv‡ I`vbülq rj frbvy`ojlq`o ib qbfog`il ib `jdoqm
ibylnnb nov {q`jf`{lnbv {lqìmbyqov |rb flqlfybq`utbjyl. ry`n`uljio bn {qogqlml `jdoqmìy`fo
‡ L {lqy`q ib rjov ilyov qbnly`tov l i`vy`jylv o{bqlf- Fojdbff`ojlq bn d`fhbqo mlbvyqo ib f
bvyqrfyrqljio nl `jdoqmlf`öj qbnbtljyb i`jdoqmìy`fov*
‡ L {lqy`q ib nl `jdoqmlf`öj bx`vybjyb bj i`vy`jyov {ybxyov p gqìd`fov {qbvbjyljio nl `jdoqmlf`öj ib l
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Ibd`j`q {nljbv ib doqmlf`öj o moy`tlf`öj {lql nl„drbqul ib tbjylv”
‡ @ibjy`d`flq nov {lqìmbyqov bvbjf`lnbv |rb ibabj „drbqul ib tbjylv”*
‡ Ibd`j`q nlv {q`jf`{lnbv yàfj`flv p màyoiov {bilgö‡ Ibvfq`a`q nlv yàfj`flv mìv ry`n`ulilv ib btlnrlf`
doqmlf`öj‡
Ibvfq`a`q nov màyoiov hla`yrlnmbjyb ry`n`uliov {‡ L {lqy`q ib rj vr{rbvyo {qìfy`fo bj bn |rb vb ib{qodbv`ojln qb|rbq`il bj bn bm{nbo ib rj b|roq`g`jlio. ibybqm`jlq5
- Oaeby`tov ib nl doqmlf`öj- Fojybj`iov ib nl doqmlf`öj- [bqd`n ib nov fonlaoqlioqbv p bx{bqyov- Mbyoionogíl |rb vb tl l ry`n`ulq bj nl doqm- Ybm{oqln`ulf`öj- Mlybq`lnbv i`iìfy`fov jbfbvlq`ov. flqlfyb
doqmlf`öj p lfoji`f`ojlm`bjyo
‡ L {lqy`q ib rj {nlj ib lff`öj ib tbjylv p nqbvrnyliov oaybj`iov {oq rj b|r`{o ib tbjylv |rb- Bnlaoqlq rj {nlj ib lfyrlf`öj |rb {bqdbff`ojlm`bjyo. màyoiov. ybm{oqln`ulf`öj p lnfljulq nov oaeby`tov ibn {nlj ib tbjylv ibd`j`io
Ljln`ulq lv{bfyov bvbjf`lnbv |rb fojd`grqlj {qofbvovib fom{ql ib {qoirfyov o vbqt`f`ov bj nlv bm{qbvlv
‡ Ibvfq`a`q nlv dlvbv |rb fojd`grqlj ln {qofbvo ib f‡ @ibjy`d`flq màyoiov ib qbfog`il ib `jdoqmlf`öj m
voaqb bn mbqflio ib vrm`j`vyqlioqbv o {qotbbioq‡ Ibd`j`q nov fq`ybq`ov bvbjf`lnbv |rb vb l{n`flj bj ‡ Ibd`j`q p ljln`ulq nov {lqìmbyqov |rb fojd`grqlj
rj {qoirfyo o vbqt`f`o bj bn mbqflio*‡ Bx{n`flq nlv drbqulv bvbjf`lnbv |rb fojdoqmlj n
vbqt`f`o bj bn mbqflio‡ @ibjy`d`flq i`vy`jyov y`{ov ib fojyqlyov mbqfljy`n
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{qoirfyo/vbqt`f`o p qbfojofbq nov moibnov iofrm‡ Ililv rjlv foji`f`ojbv {lfylilv bj rjl o
`ibjy`d`fly`tov ib nl o{bqlf`öj5- Fojdbff`ojlq bn fojyqlyo. bvyqrfyrqljio nl `jdofom{ojb. l{n`fljio {qogqlmlv `jdoqmìy`fov ln ib ybxyo. byf). p ry`n`uljio nl ybqm`jonogíl mbqflj
L{n`flq màyoiov ib fojyqon bj bn ibvlqqonno pbebfrf`öj ib {qofbvov ib fom{qltbjyl
‡ Ibvfq`a`q nlv `jf`ibjf`lv mìv fomrjbv |rb fom{qltbjyl
‡ Ibvfq`a`q nov màyoiov |rb hla`yrlnmbjyb vb fom{qltbjyl
‡ Bx{n`flq bn {qofbvo ib fojyqon |rb ibabj vbgr`qbj bn mombjyo ib vr qbfb{f`öj bj lnmlfàj
‡ Bj rj flvo {qìfy`fo ib ljomlníl ibybfylifojtbj`bjybmbjyb flqlfybq`ulio. bx{n`flq {ov`anbqbvonrf`öj
‡ Bj rj flvo {qìfy`fo ib `jbd`flf`l ib rj b|r`{qofbvov ib tbjyl. ibvfq`a`q {ov`anbv mbi`ilv p mbeoqlq nl qbjyla`n`ili p o{y`m`ulq bn qbji`m`bjy
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FOJYBJ@IOV
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Y 15 BVYQRFYRQL IBN MBQFLIO P FOM[BYBJF@L
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Y95 [NLJ@D@FLF@ÖJ IBN V@VYBML IB TBJYLV
Y25 IBVLQQONNO IB NL QBI IB TBJYLV
Y45 BN [QOFBVO IB JBGOF@LF@ÖJ FOMBQF@LN BJ NLVFOM[QLTBJYLV
Y75 VBNBFF@ÖJ. DOQMLF@ÖJ P MOY@TLF@ÖJ IBN B\R@[O IB TBJYLV
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YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ
<¥ BTLNRLF@ÖJ
Nl drjf`öj fombqf`ln ib nl bm{qbvl
Bvyqrfyrql ibn mbqflio p fom{bybjf`l
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1¥ BTLNRLF@ÖJ
[nlj`d`flf`öj ibn v`vybml ib tbjylv
Ibvlqqonno ib nl qbi ib tbjylv
Bn {qofbvo ib jbgof`lf`öj fombqf`ln bj nl fom{qltbjyl
6¥ BTLNRLF@ÖJ
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FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRLF@ÖJ. QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ P FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ
BTLNRLF@ÖJ
Alvlil bj bvyov yqbv lv{bfyov5
Yböq`fo5 fom{qbjv`öj
[qìfy`fo5 frln`yly`tov p frljy`yly`tov
Lfy`yri`jln5 màyoiov. doqmlv. lv`vybjf`l p {rjyrln`ili
Qbln`ulf`öj ib fojyqonbv bv{oqìi`fov |rb ibybqm`jbj fömo l{n`fl bn lnrmjo novfojof`m`bjyov li|r`q`iov p nov lil{yl l nlv {qìfy`flv ib nl Gbvy`öj ib nl Fom{qltbjyl*Vb qbln`ulqìj ln mbjov rjl {qrbal bvfq`yl bj flil btlnrlf`öj. {ri`àjiovb qbln`ulq mìvib rjl frljio nl i`d`frnyli ib nl mlybq`l no qb|r`bql*
Jo vb qbln`ulqìj {qrbalv l j`tbn `ji`t`irln. drbql ib nl dbfhl bvylanbf`il {lql bnno.vlnto bj nl btlnrlf`öj d`jln p aleo f`qfrjvyljf`lv bxyqloqi`jlq`lv ib drbqul mlpoq*
Libmìv ib nlv {qrbalv bvfq`ylv. bj nl btlnrlf`öj vb ybjiqìj bj frbjyl nov v`gr`bjybvlv{bfyov5
- Lv`vybjf`l l fnlvb- [lqy`f`{lf`öj p mrbvyqlv ib `jybqàv- Lfy`t`ilibv qbln`ulilv bj fnlvb. lví fomo yqlaleov bj gqr{o b `ji`t`irlnbv.
pl vblj àvyov qbln`uliov bj fnlvb fomo bj flvl. {lql bjyqbglq bj rjl dbfhl`ji`flil {oq bn {qodbvoq
- Bqqoqbv oqyogqìd`fov p ib bx{qbv`öj- Frm{n`m`bjyo ib nov {nluov lfoqiliov {lql bjyqbglq nov yqlaleov. jo
lim`y`àjiovb nl bjyqbgl ib àvyov foj {ovybq`oq`ili l nl dbfhl bvy`{rnlil*QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ
Nov lnrmjov ybjiqìj nl {ov`a`n`ili ib qbfr{bqlq nlv mlybq`lv |rb ybjglj {bji`bjyb bjflil btlnrlf`öj. mbi`ljyb rjl {qrbal bj nov m`vmov yàqm`jov bj |rb vb nnbtö l flao nlfoqqbv{oji`bjyb ib btlnrlf`öj {lqf`ln. p |rb vb qbln`ulqì ln fombjulq bn v`gr`bjybyq`mbvyqb. l bxfb{f`öj ib nlv foqqbv{oji`bjybv l nl ybqfbql btlnrlf`öj. bj nl |rb l|rbnnovlnrmjov |rb jo hlplj lnfljulio nov oaeby`tov míj`mov. {oiqìj qbln`ulq rjl {qrbal bjnl dbfhl bvylanbf`il {oq Ebdlyrql ib Bvyri`ov. foqqbv{oji`bjyb l nl btlnrlf`öj d`jln*
FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ BTLNRLF@ÖJ
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[lql bvylanbfbq nl fln`d`flf`öj ibn lnrmjo bj flil btlnrlf`öj. vb ybjiqì bj frbjyl nov`gr`bjyb5
- Qbln`ulf`öj ib {qrbalv oaeby`tlv* Nlv {qrbalv vb tlnoqlqìj ib < l <; {rjyov.bx`g`àjiovb rjl joyl ib ln mbjov 6 {rjyov bj flil rjl nlv qbln`ulilv irqljyb bnyq`mbvyqb. {lql {oibq qbln`ulq bn fìnfrno ib nl joyl mbi`l ibn f`ylio yq`mbvyqb*
Frljio nl {qrbal bvfq`yl. fojv`vyl bj yoio o bj {lqyb. bj fojybvylq rjfrbvy`ojlq`o y`{o ybvy. vb {bjln`ulqìj nlv {qbgrjylv dlnn`ilv. qbvyljio {rjyov* Àvylib{bjibqì ibn jõmbqo ib {qbgrjylv |rb fojybjgl bn ybvy* Bvyl {bjln`ulf`öj vbqìbx{n`flil l nov lnrmjov ljybv ib nl qbln`ulf`öj ib i`fhl {qrbal*
Bj nl foqqbff`öj ib nl {qrbal. vb {bjln`ulqìj nov bqqoqbv oqyogqìd`fov. ib nlv`gr`bjyb mljbql5 Vb {bqm`y`qìj fomo mìx`mo 9 dlnylv oqyogqìd`flv. {oq no
|rb l {lqy`q ib bvyb jõmbqo vb qbvylqì < {rjyo ib nl joyl oaybj`il bj nl{qrbal* Bvyl {bjln`ulf`öj vbqì õj`fl. l {lqy`q ib 9 dlnylv*
Vb fln`d`flqì ln lnrmjo ybj`bjio bj frbjyl no qbfog`io ljybq`oqmbjyb p vb qbln`ulqì bjalvb l nov v`gr`bjybv lv{bfyov5
l) [qrbalv bvfq`ylv5 Rj 72 " ibn tlnoq yoyln*
a) Yqlaleov fom{nbmbjylq`ov qbln`uliov irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb5 Rj <; " ibntlnoq yoyln*
f) Lfy`t`ilibv ib fnlvb5 Bn 2 "* [lql vbq {rjyrlilv ibabqìj bjyqbglqvb erjyo fojbn bxlmbj. nlv foqqbv{oji`bjybv l nlv rj`ilibv oaebyo ib bxlmbj*
i) [lqy`f`{lf`öj5 Bn 2 "* [lql oaybjbq nl fln`d`flf`öj bj bvyb l{lqylio. vb{qofbibqì ib nl v`gr`bjyb doqml5 Vb ybjiqì bj frbjyl nl {lqy`f`{lf`öj mbi`l ib nlfnlvb. fomo {lqy`f`{lf`öj mìx`ml3 i`fhl {lqy`f`{lf`öj mbi`l vb oaybjiqì ib novqbg`vyqov ib nov lnrmjov* Nov lnrmjov |rb ybjglj nl {lqy`f`{lf`öj fojv`ibqlil
fomo mìx`ml oaybjiqìj ;.2 {rjyov3 l|rbnnov |rb jo ybjglj j`jgrjl{lqy`f`{lf`öj. oaybjiqìj ; {rjyov. p l|rbnnov |rb ybjglj rjl {lqy`f`{lf`öj`jybqmbi`l. vb nbv {rjyrlqì ib lfrbqio foj bn qbvrnylio ib mrny`{n`flq vr jrmbqoib {lqy`f`{lf`ojbv {oq nl {qo{oqf`öj bjyqb nl {rjyrlf`öj mìx`ml (;.2 {rjyov) pbn jõmbqo ib {lqy`f`{lf`ojbv mìx`mo fojv`ibqlio*
b) Lv`vybjf`l5 Bn 2 " {lql nl lv`vybjf`l. ib nl v`gr`bjyb doqml5 l|rbnnov lnrmjov|rb jo ybjglj dlnylv v`j ervy`d`flq. ybjiqìj rjl {rjyrlf`öj ib ;.2 {rjyov3l|rbnnov |rb vr{bqbj bn 1; " ib nlv hoqlv nbfy`tlv ibn yq`mbvyqb. ybjiqìj ; {rjyo3nov lnrmjov |rb ybjglj dlnylv ib lv`vybjf`l v`j ervy`d`flq. p |rb jo vr{bqbj bn1;" vb nbv {bjln`ulqì ib nl v`gr`bjyb doqml5 ib nl {rjyrlf`öj mìx`ml ib àvyb
l{lqylio ;.2 {rjyov) vb qbvylqì bn qbvrnylio oaybj`io ib nl {qo{oqf`öj bjyqb bn
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jõmbqo ib dlnylv v`j ervy`d`flq flrvlilv {oq bn lnrmjo p bn `m{oqyb qbvrnyljyb ibl{n`flq bn 1;" l nlv hoqlv ibn yq`mbvyqb foqqbv{oji`bjyb*
*
Jo oavyljyb. frljio bj lngrjo ib nov l{lqyliov a). f) o i) jo bx`vylj nov drjilmbjyov
jbfbvlq`ov {lql l{n`flq nl joyl foqqbv{oji`bjyb l àvyb. bn {oqfbjyleb ibn m`vmo vbvrmlqì ln {oqfbjyleb l l{n`flq l nl joyl ibn bxlmbj. {ri`bjio bvyl nnbglq l vbq hlvyl ibrj 02 ". bj flvo ib jo bx`vy`q ilyov {lql fln`d`flq j`jgrjo ib nov yqbv l{lqyliovmbjf`ojliov*
Nl {rjyrlf`öj míj`ml jbfbvlq`l {lql oaybjbq rj l{qoalio vbqì ib 2 {rjyov*
FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ5
Nl fln`d`flf`öj mìx`ml l l{n`flq frljio rj lnrmjo l{qrbab bj nlv qbfr{bqlf`ojbvyq`mbvyqlnbv. vbqì ib 2 {rjyov. `jib{bji`bjybmbjyb ib nl joyl oaybj`il bj vr bxlmbj*
Bvyl doqml ib fln`d`flq nlv qbfr{bqlf`ojbv |rbil ervy`d`flil. {lql bt`ylq bn lgqlt`o|rb vb nbv {rbib oflv`ojlq l nov lnrmjov |rb hlj fojvbgr`io nov oaeby`tov míj`movbj nlv btlnrlf`ojbv {lqf`lnbv*
Jo oavyljyb. frln|r`bq lnrmjo |rb |r`bql vra`q nl joyl. pl vbl àvyl oaybj`il bj nlbtlnrlf`öj {lqf`ln. o bj vr qbfr{bqlf`öj. {oiqì hlfbqno. {qbvbjyìjiovb l nlfojtoflyoq`l ib btlnrlf`öj d`jln*
QBFRQVOV MLYBQ@LNBV
- [QOPBFYOQ OQIBJLIOQ P [LJYLNNL. fomo vo{oqybaìv`fo
- [@ULQQL- @JYBQJBY bj bn lrnl*- IOFRMBJYOV QBLNBV. |rb vb {qo{oqf`ojlqìj {lql nl
qbln`ulf`öj ib flvov {qìfy`fov*- DOYOFO[@LV- L[RJYBV FOM[NBMBJYLQ@OV. l nlv bx{n`flf`ojbv ibn
{qodbvoq. bnlaoqliov {oq àvyb*- YBXYO IB L[OPO !GBVY@ÖJ IB NL FOM[QLTBJYL”*
Bi`yoq`ln [LQLJ@JDO
LFY@T@ILIBV FOM[NBMBJYLQ@LV
Vb qbln`ulqìj l|rbnnlv lfy`t`ilibv oqglj`ulilv p l{qoalilv {oq bn ib{lqylmbjyo. bjfooqi`jlf`öj foj bn qbvyo ib möirnov3 bjyqb bnnlv5
- T`v`yl l @cbl- T`v`yl ln fbjyqo nogívy`fo ib mbqfliojl bj Hrbtlq
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- L|rbnnlv oqglj`ulilv {oq bn ib{lqylmbjyo ib fombqf`o
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[QOGQLMLF@ÖJ IB @JTBVY@GLF@ÖJ FOMBQF@LN
GBVY@OJ FOMBQF@LN P MLQCBY@JG
FRQVO 1;<</1;<1
IB[LQYLMBJYO IB FOMBQF@O
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@JYQOIRFF@ÖJ
Moy`tlf`öj
Mbi`ljyb lfy`t`ilibv gqr{lnbv vb fojf`bjf`lqì ln lnrmjo ib nl jbfbv`ili. ry`n`ili pdrjf`ojlm`bjyo ib nl `jtbvy`glf`öj fombqf`ln fomo hbqqlm`bjyl drjilmbjyln bj nlfomrj`flf`öj bjyqb nl bm{qbvl p vr bjyoqjo*
Oaeby`tov
- OAYBJBQ nl `jdoqmlf`öj {qofbibjyb ib nlv drbjybv {q`mlq`lv p vbfrjilq`lv.lvbgrqljio vr d`la`n`ili p ybj`bjio bj frbjyl bn fovyb ib nl `jtbvy`glf`öj ibmbqflio*
- FOJYQONLQ nl foqqbfyl qbfog`il ib ilyov ib nlv drbjybv {q`mlq`lv-
- [QOFBVLQ nl `jdoqmlf`öj qbfog`il bj nl `jtbvy`glf`öj fombqf`ln l{n`fljionlv yàfj`flv bvyliívy`flv libfrlilv |rb {bqm`ylj oaybjbq fojfnrv`ojbv l{n`flanbvln oaebyo ibn bvyri`o
- [QBVBJYLQ bj y`bm{o p doqml nlv fojfnrv`ojbv ibq`tlilv ibn yqlaleo ibflm{o p ljìn`v`v bvyliívy`fo qbln`ulio.
- O[BQLQ bj bn „V`vybml ib @jdoqmlf`öj ib Mbqfliov” p fojyqonlq vrdrjf`ojlm`bjyo o{y`m`uljio bn fovyb p bn y`bm{o ib lffbvo l nl `jdoqmlf`öjlnmlfbjlil*
Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv
- QBNLF@OJLQ bn tlnoq ib nlv tlq`lanbv bfojöm`flv p fombqf`lnbv foj novbdbfyov |rb {qoirfbj bj bn oaebyo ib rj ibybqm`jlio bvyri`o fombqf`ln*
- L[N@FLQ nlv yàfj`flv ib qbfog`il ib `jdoqmlf`öj ib nlv drbjybv {q`mlq`lv bjnov bvyri`ov fombqf`lnbv*
- IBD@J@Q {qofbi`m`bjyov ib qbfog`il ib `jdoqmlf`öj ib nlv drbjybvvbfrjilq`lv {lql nov bvyri`ov fombqf`lnbv*
- LJLN@ULQ nl `jdoqmlf`öj qbfog`il bj nov {qofbvov ib `jtbvy`glf`öj
fombqf`ln. l{n`fljio yàfj`flv bvyliívy`flv*
- IBD@J@Q P BNLAOQLQ {nljbv ib yqlaleo ib flm{o l {lqy`q ib nl ibd`j`f`öjibn ìma`yo gbogqìd`fo ib nov bvyri`ov ib mbqflio*
- IBD@J@Q {qofbi`m`bjyov ib oqglj`ulf`öj ib nov ilyov oaybj`iov bj bvyri`ovfombqf`lnbv |rb fojybxyrln`fbj rj V`vybml ib @jdoqmlf`öj ib Mbqfliov (V@M)*
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FOJYBJ@IOV
Fojfb{yov5
Y<5 Nl lfy`t`ili bfojöm`fl
Y15 Nl bvyqrfyrql fombqf`ln
Y65 Nl vbgmbjylf`öj ib mbqfliov
Y95 Bn v`vybml ib `jtbvy`glf`öj ib mlqcby`jg p bn {qofbvo ib jtbvy`glf`öjfombqf`ln (ib mlqcby`jg)
Y25 Bn {qofbvo ib mrbvyqbo
Y45 Oaybjf`öj. foqqbff`öj p ylarnlf`öj ib ilyov
Y75 Ljìn`v`v p yqlylm`bjyo bvyliívy`fo ib nl `jdoqmlf`öj
[qofbi`m`bjyov5
- Ìqbl ib i`vbüo
- Yqlaleo ib flm{o
- Ljìn`v`v ib flm{o
Lfy`yribv5
Qbdbqbjyb l nl l{qbf`lf`öj ib nl `jtbvy`glf`öj fombqf`ln5
- Tlnoqlf`öj ib nl `m{oqyljf`l ib nl `jtbvy`glf`öj fombqf`ln. fomo hbqqlm`bjylibn mlqcby`jg. bj nl gbvy`öj ib nl bm{qbvl
- Ibmovyqlf`öj ib frq`ov`ili b `jybqàv {oq `jtbvy`glq v`yrlf`ojbv qbnly`tlv l nlgbvy`öj ib bm{qbvl
- Ibmovyqlf`öj ib `j|r`byri {lql qbln`ulq rj yqlaleo a`bj hbfho
- Ibmovyqlf`öj ib `jybqàv p tlnoqlf`öj fqíy`fl ljyb nlv `jdoqmlf`ojbv ibjlyrqlnbul jrmàq`fl
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Qbdbqbjybv l nl oqglj`ulf`öj p hìa`yov ib yqlaleo5
- Qbfojof`m`bjyo p tlnoqlf`öj ibn yqlaleo bj b|r`{o fomo rjl mljbql bd`flu ibqbln`ulq ibybqm`jlilv lfy`t`ilibv ib `jtbvy`glf`öj
- [bqvbtbqljf`l p dnbx`a`n`ili bj nl aõv|rbil p yqlylm`bjyo ib nl `jdoqmlf`öj |rbib qbv{rbvyl ln {qoanbml ibd`j`io
- Ibmovyqlf`öj ib `jybqàv p qbv{byo {oq nlv bvyqlybg`lv p qbvrnyliov oaybj`iov. bjqbv{rbvyl ln oaeby`to {nljyblio
- Ibmovyqlf`öj ib vbjv`a`n`ili p grvyo {oq nl {qbvbjylf`öj oqibjlil p fnlql ibn{qofbvo vbgr`io p ib nov qbvrnyliov oaybj`iov
LFY@T@ILIBV
- Qbln`ulf`öj ib bebqf`f`ov {qìfy`fov |rb qbdnbebj nl {qoanbmìy`fl bx{rbvyl bj flilrj`ili ib yqlaleo
- Qbln`ulf`öj ib rj yqlaleo ib `jtbvy`glf`öj fom{nbyo iojib vb {nlvmbj nlvfl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv*
MBYOIONOGÍL
- Yböq`fo-{qìfy`fl p fohbqbjyb foj bn {nljyblm`bjyo ibn möirno- Ldbfy`tl p dombjylioql ib tlnoqbv- Mlybq`ln`uljio yoilv nlv i`vf`{n`jlv `m{n`flilv bj rj {nlj ib mlqcby`jg- Màyoiov bx{ov`y`tov- Lryoi`vf`{n`jlil- @ji`t`irln`ulil p bj gqr{o- Arvfljio {qo{oqf`ojlq ln lnrmjo nl lryojomíl jbfbvlq`l {lql |rb vb v`bjyl
{qoylgoj`vyl bj vr {qo{`o l{qbji`uleb- Bx{oj`bjio v`bm{qb |rb vbl {ov`anb bn bebm{no `iöjbo ln vr{rbvyo {qìfy`fo
`m{lqy`io
- L{oplil bj yàfj`flv ib foo{bqlf`öj- Qbv{lnilil bj qbfrqvov p mbi`ov i`iìfy`fov bv{bfíd`fov p drjf`ojlnbv |rbvrqgbj ib nl t`il qbln*
- Lil{ylil l rjov fojybj`iov p oaeby`tov {nlj`d`fliov*
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2;
YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ
<¥ BTLNRLF@ÖJ
Y*<5 Nl lfy`t`ili bfojöm`fl
Y*15 Nl bvyqrfyrql fombqf`lnY*65 Nl vbgmbjylf`öj ibn mbqflio
1¥ BTLNRLF@ÖJ
Y*95 Bn v`vybml ib `jdoqmlf`öj ib mlqcby`jg p nl `jtbvy`glf`öj ib mbqfliovY*45 Bn {qofbvo ib mrbvyqbo
6¥ BTLNRLF@ÖJ
Y*05 Oaybjf`öj foqqbff`öj p ylarnlf`öj ib ilyovY*<;5 Ljìn`v`v p yqlylm`bjyo bvyliívy`fo ib nl `jdoqmlf`öj
FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRLF@ÖJ. QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ P FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ
BTLNRLF@ÖJ
Alvlil bj bvyov yqbv lv{bfyov5
Yböq`fo5 fom{qbjv`öj
[qìfy`fo5 frln`yly`tov p frljy`yly`tov
Lfy`yri`jln5 màyoiov. doqmlv. lv`vybjf`l p {rjyrln`ili
Qbln`ulf`öj ib fojyqonbv bv{oqìi`fov |rb ibybqm`jbj fömo l{n`fl bn lnrmjo novfojof`m`bjyov li|r`q`iov p nov lil{yl l nlv {qìfy`flv ib nl @jtbvy`glf`öj Fombqf`ln* Vbqbln`ulqìj ln mbjov rjl {qrbal bvfq`yl bj flil btlnrlf`öj. {ri`àjiovb qbln`ulq mìv ibrjl frljio nl i`d`frnyli ib nl mlybq`l no qb|r`bql*
Jo vb qbln`ulqìj {qrbalv l j`tbn `ji`t`irln. drbql ib nl dbfhl bvylanbf`il {lql bnno.vlnto bj nl btlnrlf`öj d`jln p aleo f`qfrjvyljf`lv bxyqloqi`jlq`lv ib drbqul mlpoq*
Libmìv ib nlv {qrbalv bvfq`ylv. bj nl btlnrlf`öj vb ybjiqìj bj frbjyl nov v`gr`bjybvlv{bfyov5
- Lv`vybjf`l l fnlvb- [lqy`f`{lf`öj p mrbvyqlv ib `jybqàv
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- Lfy`t`ilibv qbln`ulilv bj fnlvb. lví fomo yqlaleov bj gqr{o b `ji`t`irlnbv.pl vblj àvyov qbln`uliov bj fnlvb fomo bj flvl. {lql bjyqbglq bj rjl dbfhl`ji`flil {oq bn {qodbvoq
- Bqqoqbv oqyogqìd`fov p ib bx{qbv`öj- Frm{n`m`bjyo ib nov {nluov lfoqiliov {lql bjyqbglq nov yqlaleov. jo
lim`y`àjiovb nl bjyqbgl ib àvyov foj {ovybq`oq`ili l nl dbfhl bvy`{rnlil*
QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ
Nov lnrmjov ybjiqìj nl {ov`a`n`ili ib qbfr{bqlq nlv mlybq`lv |rb ybjglj {bji`bjyb bjflil btlnrlf`öj. mbi`ljyb rjl {qrbal bj nov m`vmov yàqm`jov bj |rb vb nnbtö l flao nlfoqqbv{oji`bjyb ib btlnrlf`öj {lqf`ln. p |rb vb qbln`ulqì ln fombjulq bn v`gr`bjybyq`mbvyqb. l bxfb{f`öj ib nlv foqqbv{oji`bjybv l nl ybqfbql btlnrlf`öj. bj nl |rb l|rbnnovlnrmjov |rb jo hlplj lnfljulio nov oaeby`tov míj`mov. {oiqìj qbln`ulq rjl {qrbal bjnl dbfhl bvylanbf`il {oq Ebdlyrql ib Bvyri`ov. foqqbv{oji`bjyb l nl btlnrlf`öj d`jln*
FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ BTLNRLF@ÖJ
[lql bvylanbfbq nl fln`d`flf`öj ibn lnrmjo bj flil btlnrlf`öj. vb ybjiqì bj frbjyl nov`gr`bjyb5
- Qbln`ulf`öj ib {qrbalv oaeby`tlv* Nlv {qrbalv vb tlnoqlqìj ib < l <; {rjyovbx`g`àjiovb rjl joyl ib ln mbjov 6 {rjyov bj flil rjl nlv qbln`ulilv irqljyb bnyq`mbvyqb. {lql {oibq qbln`ulq bn fìnfrno ib nl joyl mbi`l ibn f`ylio yq`mbvyqb*
Frljio nl {qrbal bvfq`yl. fojv`vyl bj yoio o bj {lqyb. bj fojybvylq rjfrbvy`ojlq`o y`{o ybvy. vb {bjln`ulqìj nlv {qbgrjylv dlnn`ilv. qbvyljio {rjyov* Àvylib{bjibqì ibn jõmbqo ib {qbgrjylv |rb fojybjgl bn ybvy* Bvyl {bjln`ulf`öj vbqìbx{n`flil l nov lnrmjov ljybv ib nl qbln`ulf`öj ib i`fhl {qrbal*
Bj nl foqqbff`öj ib nl {qrbal. vb {bjln`ulqìj nov bqqoqbv oqyogqìd`fov. ib nlv`gr`bjyb mljbql5 Vb {bqm`y`qìj fomo mìx`mo 9 dlnylv oqyogqìd`flv. {oq no|rb l {lqy`q ib bvyb jõmbqo vb qbvylqì < {rjyo ib nl joyl oaybj`il bj nl{qrbal* Bvyl {bjln`ulf`öj vbqì õj`fl. l {lqy`q ib 9 dlnylv*
Vb fln`d`flqì ln lnrmjo ybj`bjio bj frbjyl no qbfog`io ljybq`oqmbjyb p vb qbln`ulqì bjalvb l nov v`gr`bjybv lv{bfyov5
d) [qrbalv bvfq`ylv5 Rj 72 " ibn tlnoq yoyln*
g) Yqlaleov fom{nbmbjylq`ov qbln`uliov irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb5 Rj <; " ibntlnoq yoyln*
h) Lfy`t`ilibv ib fnlvb5 Bn 2 "* [lql vbq {rjyrlilv ibabqìj bjyqbglqvb erjyo fojbn bxlmbj. nlv foqqbv{oji`bjybv l nlv rj`ilibv oaebyo ib bxlmbj*
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`) [lqy`f`{lf`öj5 Bn 2 "* [lql oaybjbq nl fln`d`flf`öj bj bvyb l{lqylio. vb{qofbibqì ib nl v`gr`bjyb doqml5 Vb ybjiqì bj frbjyl nl {lqy`f`{lf`öj mbi`l ib nlfnlvb. fomo {lqy`f`{lf`öj mìx`ml3 i`fhl {lqy`f`{lf`öj mbi`l vb oaybjiqì ib nov
qbg`vyqov ib nov lnrmjov* Nov lnrmjov |rb ybjglj nl {lqy`f`{lf`öj fojv`ibqlilfomo mìx`ml oaybjiqìj ;.2 {rjyov3 l|rbnnov |rb jo ybjglj j`jgrjl{lqy`f`{lf`öj. oaybjiqìj ; {rjyov. p l|rbnnov |rb ybjglj rjl {lqy`f`{lf`öj`jybqmbi`l. vb nbv {rjyrlqì ib lfrbqio foj bn qbvrnylio ib mrny`{n`flq vr jrmbqoib {lqy`f`{lf`ojbv {oq nl {qo{oqf`öj bjyqb nl {rjyrlf`öj mìx`ml (;.2 {rjyov) pbn jõmbqo ib {lqy`f`{lf`ojbv mìx`mo fojv`ibqlio*
e) Lv`vybjf`l5 Bn 2 " {lql nl lv`vybjf`l. ib nl v`gr`bjyb doqml5 l|rbnnov lnrmjov|rb jo ybjglj dlnylv v`j ervy`d`flq. ybjiqìj rjl {rjyrlf`öj ib ;.2 {rjyov3l|rbnnov |rb vr{bqbj bn 1; " ib nlv hoqlv nbfy`tlv ibn yq`mbvyqb. ybjiqìj ; {rjyo3nov lnrmjov |rb ybjglj dlnylv ib lv`vybjf`l v`j ervy`d`flq. p |rb jo vr{bqbj bn
1;" vb nbv {bjln`ulqì ib nl v`gr`bjyb doqml5 ib nl {rjyrlf`öj mìx`ml ib àvybl{lqylio ;.2 {rjyov) vb qbvylqì bn qbvrnylio oaybj`io ib nl {qo{oqf`öj bjyqb bnjõmbqo ib dlnylv v`j ervy`d`flq flrvlilv {oq bn lnrmjo p bn `m{oqyb qbvrnyljyb ibl{n`flq bn 1;" l nlv hoqlv ibn yq`mbvyqb foqqbv{oji`bjyb*
*
Jo oavyljyb. frljio bj lngrjo ib nov l{lqyliov a). f) o i) jo bx`vylj nov drjilmbjyovjbfbvlq`ov {lql l{n`flq nl joyl foqqbv{oji`bjyb l àvyb. bn {oqfbjyleb ibn m`vmo vbvrmlqì ln {oqfbjyleb l l{n`flq l nl joyl ibn bxlmbj. {ri`bjio bvyl nnbglq l vbq hlvyl ibrj 02 ". bj flvo ib jo bx`vy`q ilyov {lql fln`d`flq j`jgrjo ib nov yqbv l{lqyliovmbjf`ojliov*
Nl {rjyrlf`öj míj`ml jbfbvlq`l {lql oaybjbq rj l{qoalio vbqì ib 2 {rjyov*
FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ5
Nl fln`d`flf`öj mìx`ml l l{n`flq frljio rj lnrmjo l{qrbab bj nlv qbfr{bqlf`ojbvyq`mbvyqlnbv. vbqì ib 2 {rjyov. `jib{bji`bjybmbjyb ib nl joyl oaybj`il bj vr bxlmbj*
Bvyl doqml ib fln`d`flq nlv qbfr{bqlf`ojbv |rbil ervy`d`flil. {lql bt`ylq bn lgqlt`o|rb vb nbv {rbib oflv`ojlq l nov lnrmjov |rb hlj fojvbgr`io nov oaeby`tov míj`movbj nlv btlnrlf`ojbv {lqf`lnbv*
Jo oavyljyb. frln|r`bq lnrmjo |rb |r`bql vra`q nl joyl. pl vbl àvyl oaybj`il bj nlbtlnrlf`öj {lqf`ln. o bj vr qbfr{bqlf`öj. {oiqì hlfbqno. {qbvbjyìjiovb l nlfojtoflyoq`l ib btlnrlf`öj d`jln*
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QBFRQVOV MLYBQ@LNBV
- [@ULQQL. fomo vo{oqyb aìv`fo*- @JYBQJBY bj bn lrnl*
- [QOPBFYOQ OQIBJLIOQ # [LJYLNNL- IOFRMBJYOV QBLNBV. |rb vb {qo{oqf`ojlqìj {lql nlqbln`ulf`öj ib flvov {qìfy`fov*
- DOYOFO[@LV- L[RJYBV FOM[NBMBJYLQ@OV. l nlv bx{n`flf`ojbv ibn
{qodbvoq. bnlaoqliov {oq àvyb*- YBXYO !@JTBVY@GLF@ÖJ FOMBQF@LN!* Bi`yoq`ln
[LQLJ@JDO
LFY@T@ILIBV FOM[NBMBJYLQ@LV
Vb qbln`ulqìj l|rbnnlv lfy`t`ilibv oqglj`ulilv p l{qoalilv {oq bn ib{lqylmbjyo. bjfooqi`jlf`öj foj bn qbvyo ib möirnov3 bjyqb bnnlv5
- T`v`yl l @cbl- T`v`yl ln fbjyqo nogívy`fo ib mbqfliojl bj Hrbtlq- L|rbnnlv lfy`t`ilibv oqglj`ulilv {oq bn ib{lqylmbjyo*
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@BV VLJ VBALVY@ÌJ
IB[LQYLMBJYO IB FOMBQF@O
F@FNO DOQMLY@TO IB GQLIO VR[BQ@OQ
FRQVO5 <µ FOMBQF@O P MLQCBY@JG
MÖIRNO5 NOGÍVY@FL FOMBQF@LN
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ÍJI@FB*
<*- OAEBY@TOV GBJBQLNBV*
1*- FOJYBJ@IOV*6*- MBYOIONOGÍL*9*- BTLNRLF@ÖJ*2*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ*4*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ*7*- YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ*8*- LFY@T@ILIBV*0*- QBFRQVOV I@IÌFY@FOV*<;*- A@AN@OGQLDÍL*
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<*- OAEBY@TOV GBJBQLNBV*
<*- Ljln`ulq {qofbvov ib lnmlfbjleb bvy`mljio nl oqglj`ulf`öj.
i`vyq`arf`öj `jybqjl p bn v`vybml ib mlj`{rnlf`öj. bmalnleb p by`|rbylio*1*- Ljln`ulq nov {qofbi`m`bjyov ib gbvy`öj ib bx`vybjf`lv l{n`flanbv bj nloqglj`ulf`öj ib rj lnmlfàj*6*- Ljln`ulq nov {qofbi`m`bjyov ib i`vyq`arf`öj ib nlv o{bqlf`ojbvfombqf`lnbv*9*- Ljln`ulq `jf`ibjf`lv bj bn vbqt`f`o l fn`bjybv ibjyqo ibn {qofbvo ibnogívy`fl fombqf`ln p l{n`flq {qofbi`m`bjyov {lql qbvontbqnlv*2*- Ljln`ulq nl {qoybff`öj dív`fl ib mbqfljfílv bj ibybqm`jlilvo{bqlf`ojbv ib yqljv{oqyb*4*-Ry`n`ulq libfrlilmbjyb nov i`vy`jyov {l|rbybv `jdoqmìy`fov ibvy`jliov lnl{qot`v`ojlm`bjyo. yqljv{oqyb p fojyqon nogívy`fo*
1*- FOJYBJ@IOV*
<*- @jyqoirff`öj l nl Nogívy`fl*<*< Bn {qofbvo nogívy`fo* Ljìn`v`v p drjf`ojbv* Oaeby`tov b
`m{oqyljf`l ib nl nogívy`fl*<*1 Lfy`t`ilibv |rb fom{qbjib nl drjf`öj nogívy`fl*
<*1*< Bj bm{qbvlv `jirvyq`lnbv*<*1*1 Bj bm{qbvlv fombqf`lnbv*
<*6 Qbibv nogívy`flv*<*9 O{bqlioqbv nogívy`fov*
1*- [oníy`fl ib lnmlfbjlm`bjyo*
1*< Lfy`t`ilibv ib lnmlfbjlm`bjyo*1*1 Oaeby`tov ibn lnmlfbjlm`bjyo*1*6 Nl fl{lf`ili ib lnmlfbjlm`bjyo*1*9 Nofln`ulf`öj ib rj lnmlfàj1*2 Nl i`vyq`arf`öj bj {nljyl o nlp-ory*
6*-Nl oqglj`ulf`öj `jybqjl ibn lnmlfàj*6*< Mbi`ov ib mlj`{rnlf`öj p yqljv{oqyb*6*1 Nov v`vybmlv ib lnmlfbjleb*
6*6 Gbvy`öj ib bjyqlil ib mbqfljfílv*6*9 Gbvy`öj ib vln`il ib mbqfljfílv*
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6*2 Nov qbfrqvov hrmljov bj bn lnmlfàj*
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9*- Gbvy`öj ib {qofbvov iofrmbjylnbv*9*< [qofbvov ib fom{ql-tbjyl*9*1 [qofbvov ib tbjyl-foaqo*
2*- Gbvy`öj ib vyofc*2*< Nl gbvy`öj ib vyofc* Fnlvbv*2*1 Fnlv`d`flf`öj ib nov lqyífrnov vbgõj vr `m{oqyljf`l* Màyoio
LAF*2*6 Fom{oqylm`bjyo ibn vyofc*2*9 Tlq`lanbv |rb ldbfylj l nl gbvy`öj ib vyofc*2*2 Moibnov p v`vybmlv ib gbvy`öj ib vyofc*
4*- Nl tlnoqlf`öj p nl gbvy`öj d`jljf`bql ibn vyofc*4*< Joqmlv fojylanbv voaqb nl tlnoqlf`öj ib bx`vybjf`lv*4*1 Tlnoqlf`öj ibn vyofc*4*6 Bn {bq`oio mbi`o ib mlirqlf`öj*4*9 @jtbjylq`ov*
7*- Nl gbvy`öj ib yqljv{oqyb*7*< Nl drjf`öj ibn yqljv{oqyb*7*1 Ljìn`v`v ib nov mbi`ov ib yqljv{oqyb*7*6 Dlfyoqbv ib bnbff`öj ib nov i`vy`jyov mbi`ov ib yqljv{oqyb* Fovybv
ibn yqljv{oqyb*7*9 Bn bmalnleb bj bn yqljv{oqyb*
6*- MBYOIONOGÍL*
Nl mbyoionogíl hl ib vbq lfy`tl p {lqy`f`{ly`tl drjilmbjyìjiovbbj nov v`gr`bjybv lv{bfyov5
Vb qbln`ulqì rjl bx{ov`f`öj yböq`fl ib flil rj`ili i`iìfy`fl {oq
{lqyb ib nl {qodbvoql* Lnybqjljio foj nlv bx{n`flf`ojbv vb qbln`ulqìj rjlvbq`b ib bebqf`f`ov {qo{rbvyov. |rb vbqìj qbvrbnyov a`bj bj fnlvb o bjflvl. nov frlnbv vbqìj foqqbg`iov* Bn oaeby`to ib bvyov bebqf`f`ov bv nnbtlql nl {qìfy`fl nov fojfb{yov yböq`fov |rb vb lv`m`nlqoj bj nl bx{n`flf`öjyböq`fl*
Nl {qodbvoql qbvontbqì yoilv nlv irilv |rb {rbilj ybjbq novlnrmjov ibn möirno. yljyo yböq`flv fomo {qìfy`flv* @jfnrvo v` nofojv`ibqlvb jbfbvlq`o. vb qbln`ulqìj bebqf`f`ov bv{bfíd`fov ib qbdrbquo
|rb lfnlqbj nov fojfb{yov |rb mìv i`d`frnyli {qbvbjyb l nov lnrmjov*
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Nl {qodbvoql {qo{ojiqì v` drbvb jbfbvlq`o rj fojerjyo ibbebqf`f`ov p flvov {qìfy`fov. ib fojybj`io v`m`nlq l nov |rb vb hljqbvrbnyo. |rb ibabqìj qbln`ulq nov lnrmjov. a`bj bj hoqlv ib fnlvb o a`bjbj flvl*
Nov fojybj`iov libmìv ib nlv bx{n`flf`ojbv ib nl {qodbvoql.{oiqìj vbq {qodrji`uliov foj nl ry`n`ulf`öj ib @jybqjby bj bn lrnl. lví fomo bj nl aõv|rbil ib yoio y`{o ib `jdoqmlf`öj {lql nl qbln`ulf`öj iblfy`t`ilibv*
9*- BTLNRLF@ÖJ*
Vb qbln`ulqìj yqbv btlnrlf`ojbv irqljyb bn frqvo bvfonlq. v`bjiojbfbvlq`o vr{bqlq flil rjl ib bnnlv {lql vr{bqlq bn möirno fom{nbyo*
Bj flil btlnrlf`öj vb qbln`ulqì rjl {qrbal {qìfy`fl p oyqlyböq`fl. p lmalv ibabqìj bvylq l{qoalilv* Bj flvo ib jo vbq lví. bj nlbtlnrlf`öj vb fln`d`flqì foj @jvrd`f`bjyb. lrj|rb bj yoio mombjyo vb nbqbv{bylqì nl {lqyb l{qoalil p vöno ybjiqì |rb qbfr{bqlq nl {lqyb vrv{bji`il.pl vbl nl {qìfy`fl o nl yböq`fl*
Bv o{yly`to ib nl {qodbvoql |rb hlpl mìv ib rjl {qrbal bj flilbtlnrlf`öj. foj bn oaeby`to ib bn`m`jlq mlybq`l* Jo oavyljyb. vb vbgr`qì bnm`vmo fq`ybq`o ljybq`oq. bv ibf`q. bj j`jgõj flvo {oiqì l{qoalq rj lnrmjonl btlnrlf`öj v` y`bjb rjl {lqyb vrv{bjvl. lrj|rb vb nb qbv{bylqì nl {lqybl{qoalil*
Oyqov fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj5
Nl {qodbvoql tlnoqlqì dltoqlanbmbjyb l l|rbnnov lnrmjov |rb
yombj {lqyb lfy`tl bj nlv lfy`t`ilibv {qo{rbvylv. {lqy`f`{bj bj fnlvb p bjgbjbqln. vb mrbvyqbj fom{qomby`iov foj bn l{qbji`uleb ib nl mlybq`l*
Lv`vybjf`l l fnlvb5 Bn lnrmjo |rb dlnyb rj 1;" ib nlv hoqlv ibnmöirno. v`j ervy`d`flq. {bqibqì bn ibqbfho l nl btlnrlf`öj*
Jo vb qbln`ulqìj bxìmbjbv o {qrbalv bvfq`ylv l j`tbn `ji`t`irln.drbql ib nl dbfhl bvylanbf`il {lql bnno. vlnto |rb bn lnrmjo {qbvbjyb
ervy`d`flf`öj ib drbqul mlpoq*
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Bqqoqbv ib oqyogqldíl p bx{qbv`öj bvfq`yl5 Vbgõj lfrbqio ibnI{yo* ib Fombqf`o. l nov lnrmjov ib F`fno Vr{bq`oq ib Gbvy`öj Fombqf`lnp Mlqcby`jg vb nb qbvylqì < {rjyo {oq 9 bqqoqbv ib oqyogqldíl p/o bx{qbv`öjbvfq`yl bj nl joyl ibn bxlmbj o {qrbal oaeby`tl*
Frm{n`m`bjyo bj nl dbfhl ib bjyqbgl ib yqlaleov lfoqiliov {oqrjlj`m`ili bj fnlvb*
2*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ*
Vb fln`d`flqì ln lnrmjo ybj`bjio bj frbjyl no qbfog`ioljybq`oqmbjyb p vb qbln`ulqì bj alvb l nov v`gr`bjybv lv{bfyov5
Nlv joylv oaybj`ilv bj nlv {qrbalv oaeby`tlv qbln`ulilv bj bnyq`mbvyqb. bj nlv frlnbv. bn lnrmjo ibmrbvyql nl foqqbfyl lv`m`nlf`öj ibnlv mlybq`lv `m{lqy`ilv* V` yoilv {qrbalv hlj lnfljulio bn l{qoalio.vb qbln`ulqì rjl mbi`l {ojibqlil* Bn tlnoq ib bvylv {qrbalv bvfq`ylvqb{qbvbjylqì bn 0;" voaqb bn yoyln*
Nlv joylv ib lrnl oaybj`ilv bj nov bebqf`f`ov {qo{rbvyov {oq nl{qodbvoql irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb* Bn tlnoq ib bvylv joylv qb{qbvbjylql bn2" voaqb bn yoyln*
Nl tlnoqlf`öj ibn {qodbvoq voaqb nlv {qìfy`flv p yqlaleovibvlqqonnliov {oq bn lnrmjo irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb. a`bj bj gqr{o o ibdoqml `ji`t`irln. nl {lqy`f`{lf`öj bj fnlvb p nl qbv{ojvla`n`ili bj bnyqlaleo* Bvyl tlnoqlf`öj qb{qbvbjyl bn 2" voaqb bn yoyln
Nl fln`d`flf`öj ib nl btlnrlf`öj vbqì ib rj tlnoq jrmàq`fo v`jibf`mlnbv bjyqb < p <;* Vb fojv`ibqlqìj l{qoaliov yoiov nov lnrmjovfrpl fln`d`flf`öj vbl ib 2 o vr{bq`oq*
4*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ*
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Nov lnrmjov tlnoqliov jbgly`tlmbjyb qbln`ulqìj rjl {qrbalbvfq`yl o bjyqbgl ib yqlaleov voaqb nov fojybj`iov jo vr{bqliov. l no nlqgoib nl v`gr`bjyb btlnrlf`öj* Bn tlnoq jrmàq`fo ib i`fhl {qrbal vbqì ib ; l<; lrj|rb nl fln`d`flf`öj mìx`ml vbqì ib 2 (Vrd`f`bjyb)*
7*- YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ*
<¥ Btlnrlf`öj5 Ybmlv <. 1 p 61¥ Btlnrlf`öj5 Ybmlv 9 p 26¥ Btlnrlf`öj5 Ybmlv 4 p 7
8*- LFY@T@ILIBV*
Nlv ibvlqqonnlilv {oq bn ib{lqylmbjyo*
0*- QBFRQVOV I@IÌFY@FOV*
- [`ulqql*- @jybqjby*- Iofrmbjyov qblnbv*- Doyofo{`lv*- L{rjybv fom{nbmbjylq`ov*- Flnfrnlioql*- Lrnl ib Fombqf`o*
<;*- A@AN@OGQLDÍL*
- Frqvo voaqb gbvy`öj ib lnmlfàj* YBL-FBGOV*- Mljrln ib Nogívy`fl ib Lnmlfàj* Gbvy`öj 1;;;*- Nogívy`fl Fombqf`ln* MfGqlw-H`nn*- Nogívy`fl Fombqf`ln* [lqlj`jdo*
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@BV VLJ VBALVY@ÌJ
IB[LQYLMBJYO IB FOMBQF@O
F@FNO DOQMLY@TO IB GQLIO VR[BQ@OQ
FRQVO5 <µ FOMBQF@O P MLQCBY@JG
MÖIRNO5 NOGÍVY@FL FOMBQF@LN
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ÍJI@FB*
<*- OAEBY@TOV GBJBQLNBV*
1*- FOJYBJ@IOV*6*- MBYOIONOGÍL*9*- BTLNRLF@ÖJ*2*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ*4*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ*7*- YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ*8*- LFY@T@ILIBV*0*- QBFRQVOV I@IÌFY@FOV*<;*- A@AN@OGQLDÍL*
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<*- OAEBY@TOV GBJBQLNBV*
<*- Ljln`ulq {qofbvov ib lnmlfbjleb bvy`mljio nl oqglj`ulf`öj.
i`vyq`arf`öj `jybqjl p bn v`vybml ib mlj`{rnlf`öj. bmalnleb p by`|rbylio*1*- Ljln`ulq nov {qofbi`m`bjyov ib gbvy`öj ib bx`vybjf`lv l{n`flanbv bj nloqglj`ulf`öj ib rj lnmlfàj*6*- Ljln`ulq nov {qofbi`m`bjyov ib i`vyq`arf`öj ib nlv o{bqlf`ojbvfombqf`lnbv*9*- Ljln`ulq `jf`ibjf`lv bj bn vbqt`f`o l fn`bjybv ibjyqo ibn {qofbvo ibnogívy`fl fombqf`ln p l{n`flq {qofbi`m`bjyov {lql qbvontbqnlv*2*- Ljln`ulq nl {qoybff`öj dív`fl ib mbqfljfílv bj ibybqm`jlilvo{bqlf`ojbv ib yqljv{oqyb*4*-Ry`n`ulq libfrlilmbjyb nov i`vy`jyov {l|rbybv `jdoqmìy`fov ibvy`jliov lnl{qot`v`ojlm`bjyo. yqljv{oqyb p fojyqon nogívy`fo*
1*- FOJYBJ@IOV*
<*- @jyqoirff`öj l nl Nogívy`fl*<*2 Bn {qofbvo nogívy`fo* Ljìn`v`v p drjf`ojbv* Oaeby`tov b
`m{oqyljf`l ib nl nogívy`fl*<*4 Lfy`t`ilibv |rb fom{qbjib nl drjf`öj nogívy`fl*
<*4*< Bj bm{qbvlv `jirvyq`lnbv*<*4*1 Bj bm{qbvlv fombqf`lnbv*
<*7 Qbibv nogívy`flv*<*8 O{bqlioqbv nogívy`fov*
1*- [oníy`fl ib lnmlfbjlm`bjyo*
1*4 Lfy`t`ilibv ib lnmlfbjlm`bjyo*1*7 Oaeby`tov ibn lnmlfbjlm`bjyo*1*8 Nl fl{lf`ili ib lnmlfbjlm`bjyo*1*0 Nofln`ulf`öj ib rj lnmlfàj1*<; Nl i`vyq`arf`öj bj {nljyl o nlp-ory*
6*-Nl oqglj`ulf`öj `jybqjl ibn lnmlfàj*6*4 Mbi`ov ib mlj`{rnlf`öj p yqljv{oqyb*6*7 Nov v`vybmlv ib lnmlfbjleb*
6*8 Gbvy`öj ib bjyqlil ib mbqfljfílv*6*0 Gbvy`öj ib vln`il ib mbqfljfílv*
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6*<; Nov qbfrqvov hrmljov bj bn lnmlfàj*
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9*- Gbvy`öj ib {qofbvov iofrmbjylnbv*9*6 [qofbvov ib fom{ql-tbjyl*9*9 [qofbvov ib tbjyl-foaqo*
2*- Gbvy`öj ib vyofc*2*4 Nl gbvy`öj ib vyofc* Fnlvbv*2*7 Fnlv`d`flf`öj ib nov lqyífrnov vbgõj vr `m{oqyljf`l* Màyoio
LAF*2*8 Fom{oqylm`bjyo ibn vyofc*2*0 Tlq`lanbv |rb ldbfylj l nl gbvy`öj ib vyofc*2*<; Moibnov p v`vybmlv ib gbvy`öj ib vyofc*
4*- Nl tlnoqlf`öj p nl gbvy`öj d`jljf`bql ibn vyofc*4*2 Joqmlv fojylanbv voaqb nl tlnoqlf`öj ib bx`vybjf`lv*4*4 Tlnoqlf`öj ibn vyofc*4*7 Bn {bq`oio mbi`o ib mlirqlf`öj*4*8 @jtbjylq`ov*
7*- Nl gbvy`öj ib yqljv{oqyb*7*2 Nl drjf`öj ibn yqljv{oqyb*7*4 Ljìn`v`v ib nov mbi`ov ib yqljv{oqyb*7*7 Dlfyoqbv ib bnbff`öj ib nov i`vy`jyov mbi`ov ib yqljv{oqyb* Fovybv
ibn yqljv{oqyb*7*8 Bn bmalnleb bj bn yqljv{oqyb*
6*- MBYOIONOGÍL*
Nl mbyoionogíl hl ib vbq lfy`tl p {lqy`f`{ly`tl drjilmbjyìjiovbbj nov v`gr`bjybv lv{bfyov5
Vb qbln`ulqì rjl bx{ov`f`öj yböq`fl ib flil rj`ili i`iìfy`fl {oq
{lqyb ib nl {qodbvoql* Lnybqjljio foj nlv bx{n`flf`ojbv vb qbln`ulqìj rjlvbq`b ib bebqf`f`ov {qo{rbvyov. |rb vbqìj qbvrbnyov a`bj bj fnlvb o bjflvl. nov frlnbv vbqìj foqqbg`iov* Bn oaeby`to ib bvyov bebqf`f`ov bv nnbtlql nl {qìfy`fl nov fojfb{yov yböq`fov |rb vb lv`m`nlqoj bj nl bx{n`flf`öjyböq`fl*
Nl {qodbvoql qbvontbqì yoilv nlv irilv |rb {rbilj ybjbq novlnrmjov ibn möirno. yljyo yböq`flv fomo {qìfy`flv* @jfnrvo v` nofojv`ibqlvb jbfbvlq`o. vb qbln`ulqìj bebqf`f`ov bv{bfíd`fov ib qbdrbquo
|rb lfnlqbj nov fojfb{yov |rb mìv i`d`frnyli {qbvbjyb l nov lnrmjov*
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Nl {qodbvoql {qo{ojiqì v` drbvb jbfbvlq`o rj fojerjyo ibbebqf`f`ov p flvov {qìfy`fov. ib fojybj`io v`m`nlq l nov |rb vb hljqbvrbnyo. |rb ibabqìj qbln`ulq nov lnrmjov. a`bj bj hoqlv ib fnlvb o a`bjbj flvl*
Nov fojybj`iov libmìv ib nlv bx{n`flf`ojbv ib nl {qodbvoql.{oiqìj vbq {qodrji`uliov foj nl ry`n`ulf`öj ib @jybqjby bj bn lrnl. lví fomo bj nl aõv|rbil ib yoio y`{o ib `jdoqmlf`öj {lql nl qbln`ulf`öj iblfy`t`ilibv*
9*- BTLNRLF@ÖJ*
Vb qbln`ulqìj yqbv btlnrlf`ojbv irqljyb bn frqvo bvfonlq. v`bjiojbfbvlq`o vr{bqlq flil rjl ib bnnlv {lql vr{bqlq bn möirno fom{nbyo*
Bj flil btlnrlf`öj vb qbln`ulqì rjl {qrbal {qìfy`fl p oyqlyböq`fl. p lmalv ibabqìj bvylq l{qoalilv* Bj flvo ib jo vbq lví. bj nlbtlnrlf`öj vb fln`d`flqì foj @jvrd`f`bjyb. lrj|rb bj yoio mombjyo vb nbqbv{bylqì nl {lqyb l{qoalil p vöno ybjiqì |rb qbfr{bqlq nl {lqyb vrv{bji`il.pl vbl nl {qìfy`fl o nl yböq`fl*
Bv o{yly`to ib nl {qodbvoql |rb hlpl mìv ib rjl {qrbal bj flilbtlnrlf`öj. foj bn oaeby`to ib bn`m`jlq mlybq`l* Jo oavyljyb. vb vbgr`qì bnm`vmo fq`ybq`o ljybq`oq. bv ibf`q. bj j`jgõj flvo {oiqì l{qoalq rj lnrmjonl btlnrlf`öj v` y`bjb rjl {lqyb vrv{bjvl. lrj|rb vb nb qbv{bylqì nl {lqybl{qoalil*
Oyqov fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj5
Nl {qodbvoql tlnoqlqì dltoqlanbmbjyb l l|rbnnov lnrmjov |rb
yombj {lqyb lfy`tl bj nlv lfy`t`ilibv {qo{rbvylv. {lqy`f`{bj bj fnlvb p bjgbjbqln. vb mrbvyqbj fom{qomby`iov foj bn l{qbji`uleb ib nl mlybq`l*
Lv`vybjf`l l fnlvb5 Bn lnrmjo |rb dlnyb rj 1;" ib nlv hoqlv ibnmöirno. v`j ervy`d`flq. {bqibqì bn ibqbfho l nl btlnrlf`öj*
Jo vb qbln`ulqìj bxìmbjbv o {qrbalv bvfq`ylv l j`tbn `ji`t`irln.drbql ib nl dbfhl bvylanbf`il {lql bnno. vlnto |rb bn lnrmjo {qbvbjyb
ervy`d`flf`öj ib drbqul mlpoq*
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Bqqoqbv ib oqyogqldíl p bx{qbv`öj bvfq`yl5 Vbgõj lfrbqio ibnI{yo* ib Fombqf`o. l nov lnrmjov ib F`fno Vr{bq`oq ib Gbvy`öj Fombqf`lnp Mlqcby`jg vb nb qbvylqì < {rjyo {oq 9 bqqoqbv ib oqyogqldíl p/o bx{qbv`öjbvfq`yl bj nl joyl ibn bxlmbj o {qrbal oaeby`tl*
Frm{n`m`bjyo bj nl dbfhl ib bjyqbgl ib yqlaleov lfoqiliov {oqrjlj`m`ili bj fnlvb*
2*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ*
Vb fln`d`flqì ln lnrmjo ybj`bjio bj frbjyl no qbfog`ioljybq`oqmbjyb p vb qbln`ulqì bj alvb l nov v`gr`bjybv lv{bfyov5
Nlv joylv oaybj`ilv bj nlv {qrbalv oaeby`tlv qbln`ulilv bj bnyq`mbvyqb. bj nlv frlnbv. bn lnrmjo ibmrbvyql nl foqqbfyl lv`m`nlf`öj ibnlv mlybq`lv `m{lqy`ilv* V` yoilv {qrbalv hlj lnfljulio bn l{qoalio.vb qbln`ulqì rjl mbi`l {ojibqlil* Bn tlnoq ib bvylv {qrbalv bvfq`ylvqb{qbvbjylqì bn 0;" voaqb bn yoyln*
Nlv joylv ib lrnl oaybj`ilv bj nov bebqf`f`ov {qo{rbvyov {oq nl{qodbvoql irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb* Bn tlnoq ib bvylv joylv qb{qbvbjylql bn2" voaqb bn yoyln*
Nl tlnoqlf`öj ibn {qodbvoq voaqb nlv {qìfy`flv p yqlaleovibvlqqonnliov {oq bn lnrmjo irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb. a`bj bj gqr{o o ibdoqml `ji`t`irln. nl {lqy`f`{lf`öj bj fnlvb p nl qbv{ojvla`n`ili bj bnyqlaleo* Bvyl tlnoqlf`öj qb{qbvbjyl bn 2" voaqb bn yoyln
Nl fln`d`flf`öj ib nl btlnrlf`öj vbqì ib rj tlnoq jrmàq`fo v`jibf`mlnbv bjyqb < p <;* Vb fojv`ibqlqìj l{qoaliov yoiov nov lnrmjovfrpl fln`d`flf`öj vbl ib 2 o vr{bq`oq*
4*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB QBFR[BQLF@ÖJ*
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Nov lnrmjov tlnoqliov jbgly`tlmbjyb qbln`ulqìj rjl {qrbalbvfq`yl o bjyqbgl ib yqlaleov voaqb nov fojybj`iov jo vr{bqliov. l no nlqgoib nl v`gr`bjyb btlnrlf`öj* Bn tlnoq jrmàq`fo ib i`fhl {qrbal vbqì ib ; l<; lrj|rb nl fln`d`flf`öj mìx`ml vbqì ib 2 (Vrd`f`bjyb)*
7*- YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ*
<¥ Btlnrlf`öj5 Ybmlv <. 1 p 61¥ Btlnrlf`öj5 Ybmlv 9 p 26¥ Btlnrlf`öj5 Ybmlv 4 p 7
8*- LFY@T@ILIBV*
Nlv ibvlqqonnlilv {oq bn ib{lqylmbjyo*
0*- QBFRQVOV I@IÌFY@FOV*
- [`ulqql*- @jybqjby*- Iofrmbjyov qblnbv*- Doyofo{`lv*- L{rjybv fom{nbmbjylq`ov*- Flnfrnlioql*- Lrnl ib Fombqf`o*
<;*- A@AN@OGQLDÍL*
- Frqvo voaqb gbvy`öj ib lnmlfàj* YBL-FBGOV*- Mljrln ib Nogívy`fl ib Lnmlfàj* Gbvy`öj 1;;;*- Nogívy`fl Fombqf`ln* MfGqlw-H`nn*- Nogívy`fl Fombqf`ln* [lqlj`jdo*
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DLM@N@L [QODBV@OJLN IB FOMBQF@O P MLQCBY@JG
YÍYRNO IB DOQMLF@ÖJ [QODBV@OJLN IB YÀFJ@FOVR[BQ@OQ BJ GBVY@ÖJ FOMBQF@LN P MLQCBY@JG*
[QOGQLMLF@ÖJ IBN MÖIRNO5 [ONÍY@FLV IBMLQCBY@JG
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<* @JYQOIRFF@ÖJ
1* RJ@ILIBV I@IÌFY@FLV5 FL[LF@ILIBV [email protected]@IOV P FQ@YBQ@OV IBBTLNRLF@ÖJBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ IB NOV FOJYBJ@IOV
6* MBYOIONOGÍL
9* FQ@YBQ@OV IB FLN@D@FLF@ÖJ
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2* MBI@ILV IB LYBJF@ÖJ L NL I@TBQV@ILI
4* QBFRQVOV I@IÌFY@FOV
7* A@AN@OGQLDÍL
<* @JYQOIRFF@ÖJ
Bvyb möirno vb `m{lqyb bj bn F`fno ib Gqlio Vr{bq`oq ib Gbvy`öj Fombqf`ln pMlqcby`jg irqljyb 2 hoqlv vbmljlnbv*Vb yqlyl ib |rb bn lnrmjlio fojoufl p {ojgl bj {qìfy`fl mbi`ljyb yqlaleov novi`dbqbjybv lv{bfyov ib nlv bvyqlybg`lv ib mlqcby`jg bvyqlyàg`fo p o{bqly`to*L no nlqgo ibn frqvo vb `jyqoirf`qìj fojybj`iov yqlvtbqvlnbv |rb y`bjbj |rb tbqfoj nl frnyrql bm{qbjibioql*Bj bn v`gr`bjyb l{lqylio ib bvyl {qogqlmlf`öj vb bx{ojbj nov yíyrnov ib nlv
i`dbqbjybv rj`ilibv lví fomo nlv fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv3 nov fojybj`iovfojfb{yrlnbv. {qofbi`mbjylnbv p lfy`yri`jlnbv3 lví fomo nov fq`ybq`ov ibbtlnrlf`öj*
1* RJ@ILIBV I@IÌFY@FLV5 FL[LF@ILIBV [email protected]@IOV P FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRLF@ÖJ
RJ@ILI <- @JYQOIRFF@ÖJ LN MLQCBY@JG*
<*<* Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv*- Ljln`ulq bn fojfb{yo ibn mlqcby`jg p vr btonrf`öj ybm{oqln*
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- Fojv`ibqlq ln fojvrm`ioq fomo rjl {bqvojl |rb goul ib ibqbfhov p|rb bv ibvy`jlylq`l ib nlv lff`ojbv ibn mlqcby`jg*
- I`vy`jgr`q bjyqb mlqcby`jg o{bqly`to p bvyqlyàg`fo* - Fojofbq nl gbvy`öj ibn mlqcby`jg. bv{bf`lnmbjyb nl `jtbvy`glf`öj
fombqf`ln p bn {nlj ib mlqcby`jg* - Bvylanbfbq nlv i`dbqbjf`lv bjyqb bn mlqcby`jg iomàvy`fo p bn`jybqjlf`ojln-
- Bjybjibq bn mlqcby`jg qbnlf`ojln oq`bjylio bj {qo ib nl d`ibn`ulf`öjibn fn`bjyb*
- Vbülnlq bn `m{lfyo ib `jybqjby bj nlv tbjylv* - Lfb{ylq |rb bn mlqcby`jg lfyrln qbalvl bn bjyoqjo bfojöm`fo p
yqlvf`bjib l nov ìma`yov vof`ln. `jvy`yrf`ojln p {oníy`fo* -
<*1* Fojybj`iov*
L* Fojfb{yrlnbv
<* @jyqoirff`öj1* ¿\rà bv bn mlqcby`jg?* 6* Nl gbvy`öj ibn mlqcby`jg* 9* ¿[lql |rà vb ry`n`ul bn mlqcby`jg?* 2* Oq`bjylf`ojbv ib nlv bm{qbvlv hlf`l bn mbqflio* 4* Lrmbjyo ib nl fojf`bjf`l ày`fl p ib nl qbv{ojvla`n`ili ib nlv bm{qbvlv*
A* [qofbi`mbjylnbv*
- Fojv`ibqlf`öj ibn `ji`t`iro- fojvrm`ioq fomo fbjyqo ib nlv lff`ojbv ibmlqcby`jg p fomo {bqvojl |rb goul ib ibqbfhov*- Qbfojof`m`bjyo ib nlv i`vy`jylv tbqy`bjybv {oq nlv |rb vb ibvlqqonnl bnmlqcby`jg*- T`jfrnlf`öj ibn mlqcby`jg p bn fojvrm`ioq. ljln`uljio nl `jdnrbjf`l ibnmlqcby`jg o{bqly`to p bvyqlyàg`fo voaqb nov hìa`yov ib fojvrmo p vr `jf`ibjf`lbj bn fom{oqylm`bjyo ibn fojvrm`ioq*
F* Lfy`yribv*-@jybqàv {oq bn ybml-Tlnoqlf`öj ibn bvdrbquo bjyqb bn mlqcby`jg p bn fojvrm`ioq*- [lqy`f`{lf`öj bj nov ibalybv. bj bn fombjylq`o ib nlv nbfyrqlv. bx{ov`f`öj ibyqlaleov p bj nl qbvonrf`öj ib nlv i`vy`jylv lfy`t`ilibv {qo{rbvylv bj bn lrnl*
<*6* Fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj*
-Vlabq |rà bv bn mlqcby`jg p frìnbv voj vrv tlq`lanbv*-@ibjy`d`flq nlv qluojbv |rb moy`tlj ln fojvrm`ioq bj bn lfyo ib nl fom{ql. lvífomo nl `jdnrbjf`l |rb nlv i`vy`jylv {oníy`flv ib mlqcby`jg {rbibj bebqfbq voaqbàn*
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-Fojofbq nlv l{n`flf`ojbv ibn mlqcby`jg*
RJ@ILI 1- BN MBQFLIO*
1*<* Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv*- Ibd`j`q bn mbqflio* Fojofbq nlv i`dbqbjybv {bqv{bfy`tlv*- Fnlv`d`flq p i`dbqbjf`lq nov mbqfliov*- Bvyri`lq nlv flqlfybqívy`flv ibn fojvrm`ioq p vr `jdnrbjf`l bj bn mbqflio*
- Qbfojofbq nl jbfbv`ili ib nlv {oníy`flv fombqf`lnbv bj bn mbqflio*- Tlnoqlq bn fom{oqylm`bjyo ibn fojvrm`ioq p vr qb{bqfrv`öj bj bn mbqflio*- Fojofbq nl nbg`vnlf`öj |rb ldbfyl ln fojvrm`ioq. l nl bm{qbvl p ln mbqflio.bj gbjbqln*- L{qbf`lq nl yàfj`fl ib vbgmbjylf`öj fomo bvyqlybg`l bj nl bm{qbvl*1*1 Fojybj`iov*L* Fojfb{yov*- Fojfb{yo ib mbqflio*- Fnlvbv ib mbqfliov*- Bn mbqflio p nl vbgmbjylf`öj*- Bn m`fqobjyoqjo ib nl bm{qbvl ({qotbbioqbv. `jybqmbi`lq`ov ibn mlqcby`jg.
fn`bjybv. fom{by`ioqbv. gqr{ov ib `jybqàv)*- Bn mlfqobjyoqjo ib nl bm{qbvl (bjyoqjo ibmogqìd`fo. bfojöm`fo. jlyrqln.ybfjonög`fo. {oníy`fo p frnyrqln)*A* [qofbi`m`bjyov*- Ljìn`v`v ibn fojfb{yo ib mbqflio p {nljyblm`bjyo ib nl jbfbv`ili ib{oníy`flv fombqf`lnbv bj nov i`vy`jyov y`{ov ib mbqflio*- Ra`flf`öj ib nov fojfb{yov ib m`fqobjyoqjo p mlfqobjyoqjo*- Fom{qoalq nl ry`n`ili ib nl vbgmbjylf`öj ib nov mbqfliov*F* Lfy`yribv*Tlnoqlf`öj ib nl ry`n`ili ib nl vbgmbjylf`öj ib nov mbqfliov p ib nlv yboqílvvoaqb bn fom{oqylm`bjyo ibn fojvrm`ioq*
I`v{ov`f`öj ibn lnrmjo/l l fojofbq b `jtbvy`glq bn mbqflio fomo fojvrm`ioq pfomo {oybjf`ln bm{qbvlq`o*
1*6* Fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj*- Fojofbq p i`vy`jgr`q nov i`vy`jyov y`{ov ib mbqflio*- Fom{qbjibq nlv jbfbv`ilibv p moy`tlf`ojbv |rb grílj nl fojirfyl ibnfojvrm`ioq*- Vlabq |rà {bqvojlv b `jvy`yrf`ojbv `jdnrpbj bj bn fom{oqylm`bjyo ibnmbqflio. {oj`bjio bv{bf`ln àjdlv`v bj nov `jybqmbi`lq`ov. nl fom{bybjf`l. nlvlvof`lf`ojbv ib fojvrm`ioqbv p rvrlq`ov p nlv i`vy`jylv nbpbv |rb qbgrnljlv{bfyov fomo nl fom{bybjf`l o bn fombqf`o m`joq`vyl*- Vbgmbjylq foqqbfylmbjyb rj mbqflio*
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RJ@ILI 6- [ONÍY@FL IB [QOIRFYO*6*<*Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv*Fojofbq nl lfyrlf`öj ibn mlqcby`jg voaqb bn {qoirfyo*Tlnoqlq nl fln`ili fomo bvyqlybg`l ib i`dbqbjf`lf`öj*Bvylanbfbq bn f`fno ib t`il ibn {qoirfyo*
I`vy`jgr`q nlv dlvbv ib nl t`il ib rj {qoirfyo*Qbfojofbq nlv {bfrn`lq`ilibv ib nlv dlvbv*[qbtbq lfyrlf`ojbv bj nlv i`vy`jylv dlvbv ibn f`fno ib t`il ibn {qoirfyo*Vbülnlq {rjyrln`ulf`ojbv ln fojfb{yo fnìv`fo ibn f`fno ib t`il ibn {qoirfyo*
6*1* Fojybj`iovFojfb{yov*-Fojfb{yo ib {qoirfyo*-Fnlvbv ib {qoirfyov*-Ibf`v`ojbv voaqb bn {qoirfyo `ji`t`irln (lyq`aryov ibn {qoirfyo. mlqfl. bjtlvb.by`|rbylio. vbqt`f`ov ib l{opo ln {qoirfyo)*-Ibf`v`ojbv voaqb nl níjbl ib {qoirfyov*-Ibf`v`ojbv voaqb bn m`x ib {qoirfyov*- Bn f`fno ib t`il ibn {qoirfyo*[qofbi`m`bjyov
- Bx{n`flf`öj ibn fojfb{yo ib {oníy`fl ib {qoirfyo. vbülnljio nlvbvyqlybg`lv ib i`dbqbjf`lf`öj*
- Bvyri`o ibn f`fno ib t`il ibn {qoirfyo. {oj`bjio bv{bf`ln àjdlv`v bjnlv {ov`anbv bxfb{f`ojbv l nlv dlvbv fojv`ibqlilv fomo „fnìv`fl”*
Lfy`yribv
- @jybqàv {oq fojofbq bn f`fno ib t`il ibn {qoirfyo*- Tlnoqlf`öj ib nlv bvyqlybg`lv ib i`dbqbjf`lf`öj*- [lqy`f`{lf`öj bj nlv lfy`t`ilibv {qo{rbvylv foj l{oqylf`ojbv {qo{`lv*
6*6* Fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj
Ibd`j`q nl {oníy`fl ib {qoirfyo*
Vbülnlq nlv bvyqlybg`lv ib vbgmbjylf`öj p i`dbqbjf`lf`öj*Fojofbq bn f`fno ib t`il ibn {qoirfyo*
RJ@ILI 9- [ONÍY@FL IB [QBF@OV*
9*<* Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv*- Ibd`j`q bn fojfb{yo ib {qbf`o*
- Fojofbq bn v`gj`d`flio ib nlv i`vy`jylv fnlvbv ib {qbf`ov*
- Lim`y`q nl `m{oqyljf`l ibn {qbf`o {lql nl bm{qbvl*
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- Qbfojofbq nl `m{oqyljf`l ibn {qbf`o bj nlv {oníy`flv ib mlqcby`jg*
- Tlnoqlq nlv yboqílv voaqb bn {qbf`o*
- Bvyri`lq nov dlfyoqbv |rb `jf`ibj bj nl doqmlf`öj ibn {qbf`o*
- Bvylanbfbq nov vrebyov |rb foji`f`ojlj nov {qbf`ov d`eliov {oq nlbm{qbvl*
- Ibvfq`a`q nlv i`dbqbjybv yìfy`flv ib d`elf`öj ib {qbf`ov*
9*1*Fojybj`iov*Fojfb{yov*-Fojfb{yo ib {qbf`o
-[oníy`fl ib {qbf`ov5 ibd`j`f`öj. `m{oqyljf`l p dlfyoqbv foji`f`ojljybv*-Màyoiov {lql nl d`elf`öj ib {qbf`ov*-[qoanbmlv |rb vb bjfrbjyqlj l nl hoql ib d`elq nov {qbf`ov*[qofbi`m`bjyov*
- Ibd`j`f`öj ib nov fojfb{yov ib {qbf`o p i`jbqo
- Qbvrmbj ib nov dlfyoqbv |rb ibybqm`jlj nl doqmlf`öj ib nov {qbf`ov pvr `jf`ibjf`l bj nlv {oníy`flv ib mlqcby`jg*
- Ljìn`v`v ib nlv qluojbv |rb ibybqm`jlj nl d`elf`öj ib {qbf`ov*
- Qbfojof`m`bjyo ib nlv {q`jf`{lnbv yìfy`flv {lql d`elq nov {qbf`ov
Lfy`yribv*- Tlnoqlf`öj ibn `jybqàv ibn lnrmjo bj vrv lfyrlf`ojbv voaqb nov {qbf`ov p
nl fom{bybjf`l*
- Fojyq`arf`öj ibn lnrmjo/l bj nl qbvonrf`öj ib nlv lfy`t`ilibv{qo{rbvylv*
- [lqy`f`{lf`öj ib nov ibalybv ib nl nbfyrql qbfombjilil*
9*6* Fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj
- Ibd`j`q bn fojfb{yo ib {qbf`o p vr jlyrqlnbul* - Bvylanbfbq nlv fnlvbv ib {qbf`ov* - Fojofbq |rà dlfyoqbv ibybqm`jlj bn {qbf`o ib rj a`bj o vbqt`f`o* - [qbf`vlq nlv i`vy`jylv yàfj`flv ib d`elf`öj ib {qbf`ov*
RJ@ILI 2- [ONÍY@FL IB I@VYQ@A RF@ÖJ*
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2*<* Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv
- Ibd`j`q bn fojfb{yo ib i`vyq`arf`öj fombqf`ln*- Fojofbq nov fljlnbv ib i`vyq`arf`öj p vrv drjf`ojbv*
- Ljln`ulq nlv tlq`lanbv |rb ldbfylj l nl bvyqrfyrql ib nov fljlnbv*- Bvylanbfbq |r`àjbv voj nov `jybqmbi`lq`ov bj bn fljln. vrv flqlfybqívy`flv.drjf`ojbv p qbnlf`ojbv*- Ibvfq`a`q {oqmbjoq`ulilmbjyb bn fombqf`o ibylnn`vyl*- @ibjy`d`flq nov màyoiov ib tbjyl bj nl i`vyq`arf`öj fombqf`ln*
2*1* Fojybj`iov*Fojfb{yov*-Fojfb{yo ib i`vyq`arf`öj fombqf`ln*-Fojfb{yo. jlyrqlnbul p drjf`ojbv ib nov fljlnbv ib i`vyq`arf`öj*
-Y`{ov ib fljlnbv ib i`vyq`arf`öj*-Ibf`v`ojbv voaqb nl gbvy`öj ibn fljln (vbnbff`öj ib m`bmaqov ibn fljln.moy`tlf`öj ib nov m`bmaqov ibn fljln. btlnrlf`öj p fojyqon ib nov m`bmaqov ibnfljln)*-I`vyq`arf`öj dív`fl p gbvy`öj ib nogívy`fl*- Nl dqlj|r`f`l
[qofbi`m`bjyov*-Bx{n`flf`öj ib nov fojfb{yov ib i`vyq`arf`öj. fljlnbv ib i`vyq`arf`öj.
`jybqmbi`lq`ov p tbjyl bj nl i`vyq`arf`öj fombqf`ln*- Ljìn`v`v ib nlv drjf`ojbv p ibn i`vbüo ib nov fljlnbv ib i`vyq`arf`öj*- Bjrmbqlf`öj {oqmbjoq`ulil ib nlv drjf`ojbv ib nov mlpoq`vylv p ibylnn`vylv*Lfy`yribv*-[lqy`f`{lf`öj p fojyq`arf`öj ib nov lnrmjov bj bn ybml ibn fombqf`o mlpoq`vylp m`joq`vyl*-@m{n`flf`öj lfy`tl ibn lnrmjo/l bj bn i`vbüo ib {oníy`flv ib i`vyq`arf`öj. lvífomo tlnoqlf`öj ib nlv l{oqylf`ojbv {bqvojlnbv bj nlv lfy`t`ilibv {qo{rbvylv*
2*6* Fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj*- Fojofbq nl i`vyq`arf`öj fombqf`ln p vrv y`{ov. libmìv ib nov flma`ov |rb vbbvyàj {qoirf`bjio bj vr bjyoqjo*- Vlabq frìnbv voj nlv drjf`ojbv ib nl i`vyq`arf`öj*- Fom{qbjibq bn i`vbüo ib nov fljlnbv ib i`vyq`arf`öj*- Qbfojofbq nl `m{oqyljf`l ib nov `jybqmbi`lq`ov bj bn fljln ib i`vyq`arf`öj*- I`dbqbjf`lq nov i`vy`jyov màyoiov ib tbjyl bj nl i`vyq`arf`öj*- Qbfojofbq nl `m{oqyljf`l ib nl dqlj|r`f`l fomo rjl {ov`a`n`ili iblryobm{nbo*
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RJ@ILI 4- [ONÍY@FL IB FOMRJ@FLF@ÖJ*
4*<* Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv*
- I`vy`jgr`q nlv i`dbqbjybv moiln`ilibv ib fomrj`flf`öj*- Fojofbq nl fom{ov`f`öj ibn m`x ib fomrj`flf`öj*- Ljln`ulq bn {qofbvo p nov fljlnbv ib fomrj`flf`öj*4*1* Fojybj`iov*Fojfb{yov*-Lv{bfyov gbjbqlnbv ib nl fomrj`flf`öj* Nl fomrj`flf`öj bj nl bm{qbvl*-Ibd`j`f`öj ib {oníy`fl ib fomrj`flf`öj*-Hbqqlm`bjylv ib nl {oníy`fl ib fomrj`flf`öj5 {ran`f`ili. {qomof`öj ib tbjylv.qbnlf`ojbv {õan`flv. btbjyov p bx{bq`bjf`lv. tbjyl {bqvojln p mlqcby`jg i`qbfyo*- Dlvbv ibn ibvlqqonno ib nl {oníy`fl ib fomrj`flf`öj*
- Bvyqlybg`lv ib fomrj`flf`öj*- @m{oqyljf`l fqbf`bjyb ib nlv qbibv vof`lnbv fomo mljbql ib fomrj`flqvb fojbn {õan`fo oaeby`to*
[qofbi`m`bjyov*- Ibd`j`f`öj ib nl fomrj`flf`öj. vrv moiln`ilibv p bn m`x ib fomrj`flf`öj*-Ljìn`v`v ib nov bnbmbjyov ibn {qofbvo ib fomrj`flf`öj. yomljio fomobebm{no nov i`vy`jyov mbi`ov ib fomrj`flf`öj*-Bx{n`flf`öj ib nlv {q`jf`{lnbv flqlfybqívy`flv ib nov i`vy`jyov y`{ov ib
{ran`f`ili*-Bvy`mrnlf`öj bn lnrmjo/l foj bebm{nov qblnbv o d`fy`f`ov ib frln|r`bql ib novfom{ojbjybv ibn m`x ib fomrj`flf`öj*
Lfy`yribv*-Tlnoqlf`öj ib nlv l{oqylf`ojbv ibn lnrmjo/l bj bn bvyri`o ib frln|r`bql ib novfom{ojbjybv ibn m`x ib fomrj`flf`öj*-@jybqàv {oq {lqy`f`{lq bj bn fombjylq`o ib nlv nbfyrqlv qbfombjililv*-[qbofr{lf`öj {oq l{oqylq vonrf`ojbv `jjotlioqlv l nlv lfy`t`ilibv {qo{rbvylvbj bn lrnl*4*6* Fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj*- Qbfojofbq bn mlqcby`jg o{bqly`to p nl fomrj`flf`öj*-Fojofbq nlv i`vy`jylv moiln`ilibv ib fomrj`flf`öj bj bn mlqcby`jg m`x*- Vlabq |rà bv nl {ran`f`ili p frìnbv voj vrv flqlfybqívy`flv*
- @ibjy`d`flq nov i`vy`jyov y`{ov ib {ran`f`ili*
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RJ@ILI 7- [oníy`fl ib fomrj`flf`öj @@5 [ran`f`ili. {qomof`öj ib tbjylv.qbnlf`ojbv {õan`flv p tbjyl {bqvojln7*<*Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv*- Ibd`j`q nl {ran`f`ili*- Ibvylflq nlv flqlfybqívy`flv ib nl {ran`f`ili*
- Qbfojofbq nov bnbmbjyov. nov mbi`ov p nov bvy`nov ib nl {ran`f`ili*- Qbfojofbq nl qbnbtljf`l ib nl mlqfl bj nl {ran`f`ili*- Ljln`ulq bn fom{oqylm`bjyo ibn fojvrm`ioq p vrv foji`f`ojljybv ljyb nl{ran`f`ili*-Fojofbq nlv i`vy`jylv doqmlv. bvyqlybg`lv p {bqvojlv |rb `jybqt`bjbj bj bn{qofbvo ib fqblf`öj {ran`f`ylq`l*-I`vy`jgr`q nlv flqlfybqívy`flv ib nov mbi`ov*-Vbnbff`ojlq bn mbi`o mìv libfrlio vbgõj bn fojybj`io ibn mbjvleb*- Tlnoqlq nl `jtbvy`glf`öj ib nov mbi`ov |rb {bqm`ybj qbjyla`n`ulq bn glvyo{ran`f`ylq`o*-Fojofbq nlv flqlfybqívy`flv ib nl {qomof`öj ib tbjylv p nlv qbnlf`ojbv{õan`flv*- Qbfojofbq bn mombjyo libfrlio {lql qbln`ulq rjl {qomof`öj ib tbjylv pl{n`flq nov `jvyqrmbjyov {qo{`ov ib nl m`vml*-@ibjy`d`flq nlv {ov`a`n`ilibv ib lfyrlf`öj ib nlv qbnlf`ojbv {õan`flv*- @ibjy`d`flq nlv {bfrn`lq`ilibv ib nl tbjyl {bqvojln
-7*1* Fojybj`iov*Fojfb{yovNl {ran`f`ili5 oaeby`tov. {qbvr{rbvyo. bvyqlybg`l {ran`f`ylq`l. {nlj`d`flf`öj ibmbi`ov*
Nl {qomof`öj ib tbjylv5 oaeby`tov. vbnbff`öj ib hbqqlm`bjylv. ibvlqqonno ibn{qogqlml ib {qomof`öj ib tbjylv*Qbnlf`ojbv {õan`flv5 hbqqlm`bjylv drjilmbjylnbv. ibf`v`ojbv alvlilv bj nlvqbnlf`ojbv {õan`flv*Tbjyl {bqvojln5 fojfb{yo. flqlfybqívy`flv p doqmlv* Nl drbqul ib tbjylv*Nlv qbibv vof`lnbv
[qofbi`m`bjyov*-Ibd`j`f`öj ib nl {ran`f`ili bj bn fojybxyo ibn m`x ib fomrj`flf`öj . v`yrìjionlbj nlv {oníy`flv ib mlqcby`jg p qbvlnyljio nl `m{oqyljf`l ib nl mlqfl p nlvqblff`ojbv ibn fojvrm`ioq ljyb nov i`vy`jyov y`{ov ib {ran`f`ili*
-Ljìn`v`v ib nl jbfbv`ili ib fqblf`öj {ran`f`ylq`l. p vr i`drv`öj l yqltàv ib novmbi`ov. l{opìjiovb bj nl {ran`f`ili bm`y`il {oq nov m`vmov*-Fom{qoalf`öj ib nl `jdnrbjf`l ib nl {ran`f`ili bj nov hìa`yov ib fojvrmo*-Bx{n`flf`öj ibn fojfb{yo p flqlfybqívy`flv ib nl {qomof`öj ib tbjylv. nlvqbnlf`ojbv {õan`flv p nl tbjyl {bqvojln*-@jybq{qbylf`öj ib nlv i`vy`jylv lfyrlf`ojbv {qomof`ojlnbv p bj nlv qbnlf`ojbv{õan`fl |rb vb ibiruflj ib rjl t`v`yl l rj fbjyqo fombqf`ln. l rjov gqljibvlnmlfbjbv. o l rj bvylanbf`m`bjyo frln|r`bql5 bj vr ibdbfyo {oiqíl hlfbqvbbvyl `jybq{qbylf`öj l{opìjiovb bj nl `jdoqmlf`öj oaybj`il l yqltàv ib rj otlq`ov mbi`ov ib fomrj`flf`öj*
Lfy`yribv*
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-[lqy`f`{lf`öj ibn lnrmjo/l bj nlv frbvy`ojbv p ibalybv |rb vb {nljybbj bjfnlvb*-Qbln`ulf`öj ib nlv lfy`t`ilibv ib `jtbvy`glf`öj voaqb {ran`f`ili bj i`tbqvovmbi`ov*-@jybqàv ibn lnrmjo/l {oq fojofbq p {qodrji`ulq bj nov lv{bfyov |rb {nljybl nl
Rj`ili*7*6* Fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj*-Fojofbq nl ry`n`ili ib nl {ran`f`ili p nl mlqfl*-Vlabq frìnbv voj nlv qblff`ojbv ibn fojvrm`ioq ljyb bn dbjömbjo {ran`f`ylq`o*-I`vy`jgr`q p fojofbq nov i`vy`jyov mbi`ov {ran`f`ylq`ov*-Ljln`ulq nl bnlaoqlf`öj ib rj mbjvleb {ran`f`ylq`o*-Fojofbq nl {qomof`öj ib tbjylv. nlv qbnlf`ojbv {õan`flv p nl tbjyl {bqvojln*- Fojofbq nlv i`dbqbjybv yàfj`flv ib tbjyl p jbgof`lf`öj-Ljln`ulq nlv flrvlv |rb ibybqm`jlj rjl lfyrlf`öj bm{qbvlq`ln bj bn flm{o ibnl {qomof`öj. qbnlf`ojbv {õan`flv o tbjyl {bqvojln*RJ@ILI 8- Bn {nlj ib mlqcby`jg*8*<* Fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv*-Ibd`j`q bn fojfb{yo ib {nlj`d`flf`öj bvyqlyàg`fl p fojofbq nlv byl{lv {lqlnnbtlqnl l flao*-I`dbqbjf`lq nov fojfb{yov ib „{oníy`fl”. „bvyqlybg`l” p „yìfy`fl”*- Bjybjibq nov fojybj`iov p flqlfybqívy`flv ibn ljìn`v`v bxybqjo (bjyoqjo.fom{bybjf`l. mbqflio)*-Fojofbq nov fojybj`iov p flqlfybqívy`flv ibn ljìn`v`v `jybqjo*- Ibvfq`a`q nov oaeby`tov |rb doqmlqìj {lqyb ibn {nlj ib mlqcby`jg*-Ibvfq`a`q nl doqml ib foma`jlq nlv hbqqlm`bjylv ib mlqcby`jg {lql fojvbgr`qtbjylelv fom{by`y`tlv*
-Ibvfq`a`q nlv i`dbqbjybv bvyqlybg`lv fombqf`lnbv l l{n`flq ib{bji`bjio ibn f`fnoib t`il ibn {qoirfyo*- Fojofbq nlv i`vy`jylv doqmlv ib oqglj`ulf`öj {lql nnbtlq l flao foj àx`yo nlbvyqlybg`l fombqf`ln-Fojofbq nlv n`m`ylf`ojbv nbglnbv ibn mlqcby`jg*8*1* Fojybj`iov* - [nlj`d`flf`öj bvyqlyàg`fl ib nl bm{qbvl*-[nlj`d`flf`öj fombqf`ln5Ljìn`v`v ib v`yrlf`öj. Ibd`j`f`öj ib oaeby`tov. ibvlqqonno ib lff`ojbvbvyqlyàg`flv. fojyqon ibn {nlj ib mlqcby`jg*-Bn mlqcby`jg p nlv n`m`ylf`ojbv nbglnbv*
8*6* Fq`ybq`ov ib btlnrlf`öj*- I`vy`jgr`q bjyqb {nlj`d`flf`öj bvyqlyàg`fl ib nl bm{qbvl p {nlj`d`flf`öjfombqf`ln*- Fojofbq nlv i`vy`jylv dlvbv ibn {nlj ib mlqcby`jg*- Fom{qbjibq nov drjilmbjyov ibn ljìn`v`v I*L*D*O*- I`vbülq nlv bvyqlybg`lv ib rj {nlj ib mlqcby`jg voaqb nl alvb ib nlfoma`jlf`öj ib {oníy`flv ib mlqcby`jg-m`x*
YBM[OQLN@ULF@ÖJ IB NOV FOJYBJ@IOV[q`mbq yq`mbvyqb5 rj`ili <. 1 p 6Vbgrjio yq`mbvyqb5 rj`ili 9. 2 p 4Ybqfbq yq`mbvyqb5 rj`ili 7 p 8
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MBYOIONOGÍLFlil rj`ili vb `j`f`lqì foj nl bx{ov`f`öj ib fojybj`iov p nbfyrql ib lqyífrnovib {qbjvl qbnlf`ojliov foj nov l{lqyliov ib flil ybml* Bj nl mbi`il ib no{ov`anb vb dombjylqì ln mìx`mo nl {lqy`f`{lf`öj ibn lnrmjlio arvfljiobebm{nov qblnbv ib bm{qbvlv p fombjyljio flil lv{bfyo ibn ybml |rb qbvrnyb
qbnbtljyb*Vbgr`ilmbjyb vb qbln`ulqìj nlv lfy`t`ilibv d`jlnbv ib flil rj`ili {lql |rb bnlnrmjo/l {qlfy`|rb nov i`vy`jyov lv{bfyov ib gbvy`öj bm{qbvlq`ln p lv`m`nb novi`dbqbjybv fojybj`iov*Ibv{ràv vb qbln`ulqìj i`dbqbjybv yqlaleov ib `jtbvy`glf`öj bj `jybqjby bj gqr{o|rb ibv{ràv vb bx{ojiqìj l nov fom{lübqov* Bjyqb oyqov. ibabj `jtbvy`glq bnmbqflio qbln`uljio yqlaleov ib flm{o. ibabj `jtbvy`glq ylma`àj nl gbvy`öjfombqf`ln ib bm{qbvlv bv{lüonlv ib qbfojof`il yqlpbfyoq`l. ibabj {qo{ojbqrj {qoirfyo p bjfojyqlq nov fljlnbv ib i`vyq`arf`öj mìv `iöjbov {lql nnbglq lvr {õan`fo oaeby`to3 lví m`vmo ibabj i`vbülq nl {oníy`fl ib fomrj`flf`öj ibrjl bm{qbvl fqblil {oq bnnov p fojybm{nlq nl `m{oqyljf`l fqbf`bjyb ib nlv
qbibv vof`lnbv*L no nlqgo ibn frqvo vb qbln`ulqìj v`bm{qb |rb vbl {ov`anb t`v`ylv l i`dbqbjybvbm{qbvlv* Bj rj {q`mbq mombjyo vb {qo{ojbj @CBL p bn fbjyqo nogívy`fo ibMBQFLIOJL. v` jo drbql {ov`anb vb arvflqílj oyqlv bm{qbvlv `iöjblv {lqlmovyqlq nov i`dbqbjybv fojybj`iov `m{lqy`iov bj nov i`vy`jyov möirnov ibn frqvo*Libmìv vb `jt`ylqì l i`dbqbjybv bm{qbvlq`ov p bx{bqyov bj mlqcby`jg l fojylqvr bx{bq`bjf`l ibjyqo ibn mrjio ib nl bm{qbvl {lql |rb v`qtl ib bvyímrno lnlnrmjlio*Ylma`àj vb {qopbfylqìj tíibov p iofrmbjylnbv bm`y`iov bj ybnbt`v`öj oi`v{oj`anbv bj poryrab*FQ@YBQ@OV IB FLN@D@FLF@ÖJLybji`bjio l nlv fl{lf`ilibv ybqm`jlnbv {qbt`vylv bj bvb möirno {qodbv`ojln.vb ry`n`ulqìj nov v`gr`bjybv `jvyqrmbjyov ib btlnrlf`öj5
l* Vbgr`m`bjyo fojy`jro b `ji`t`irln`ulio ib nov yqlaleov ib`jtbvy`glf`öj qbln`uliov {oq bn/nl lnrmjo/l. lví fomo. ib nlvlfy`t`ilibv ibvlqqonnlilv bj fnlvb* [oqfbjyleb ib {lqy`f`{lf`öjbj bn gnoaln ib nl joyl5 6;*
a* Lv`vybjf`l l fnlvb. lfy`yri b `jybqàv movyqlio {oq bn lnrmjoirqljyb bn ibvlqqonno ibn möirno {qodbv`ojln* [oqfbjyleb ib{lqy`f`{lf`öj bj bn gnoaln ib nl joyl5 <;"*
f* Qbln`ulf`öj ib {qrbalv oaeby`tlv* Nlv {qrbalv vb tlnoqlqìj ib< l <; {rjyov. bx`g`àjiovb rjl joyl ib ln mbjov 6 {rjyov bjflil rjl nlv qbln`ulilv irqljyb bn yq`mbvyqb. {lql {oibq qbln`ulqbn fìnfrno ib nl joyl mbi`l ibn f`ylio yq`mbvyqb* Jo oavyljyb. bjbvyb l{lqylio f. vbqì jbfbvlq`o oaybjbq 2 {rjyov. rjl tbuqbln`ulil nl mbi`l lq`ymày`fl ib yoilv nlv {qrbalv oaeby`tlvnnbtlilv l flao bj bn yq`mbvyqb. {lql {qofbibq ln fìnfrno ib nljoyl d`jln ibn f`ylio {bqíoio*
[oqfbjyleb ib {lqy`f`{lf`öj bj bn gnoaln ib nl joyl5 4;"
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[lql bn fìnfrno ib nl joyl ib nov 6 l{lqyliov ljybq`oqbv vb ybjiqì bj frbjyl nlqb{bqfrv`öj |rb y`bjb bj nl m`vml nl jo lv`vybjf`l l fnlvb ib nl v`gr`bjybdoqml5
‡ Hlvyl bn 1;" ib dlnylv ib lv`vybjf`l yljyo ervy`d`flilv fomo joervy`d`flilv. vb qbv{byl bn {oqfbjyleb lv`gjlio l flil ano|rb l. a p f*
‡ Mìv ibn 1;" vb btlnõl5
-Ibn ano|rb l5 vöno nov yqlaleov ib `jtbvy`glf`öj*-Ibn ano|rb a5 jo vb btlnõl jlil* ; {rjyov*-Ibn ano|rb f5 vb btlnõl bn <;;"Bj nl tlnoqlf`öj ib flil {qrbal bvfq`yl. vb ybjiqìj bj frbjyl nlv dlnylvib oqyogqldíl. ib yln mljbql |rb {oq flil 9 dlnylv vb ibvfojylqì rj{rjyo*Nov iílv ib bx{ov`f`öj ib nov yqlaleov ln gqr{o nl lv`vybjf`l vbqìoan`glyoq`l. i`vm`jrpbjio nl joyl ibn yqlaleo ib `jtbvy`glf`öj rj
{rjyo {oq flil iíl |rb bn lnrmjo ibeb ib lv`vy`q*Joyl d`jln ibn möirno „[oníy`flv ib Mlqcby`jg”Nl joyl d`jln ibn möirno „[oníy`flv ib Mlqcby`jg” vb flnfrnlqì qbln`uljio nlmbi`l lq`ymày`fl ib nlv joylv oaybj`ilv bj flil rjo ib nov yq`mbvyqbv ibn frqvobvfonlq*QBFR[BQLF@OJ
‡ Vb qbln`ulqì rjl {qrbal ib qbfr{bqlf`öj {oq yq`mbvyqb3 frljio bnlnrmjo jo hlpl vr{bqlio rj yq`mbvyqb. p {oq yljyo. ybjgl |rbqbfr{bqlqno. nl joyl |rb {oiqì oaybjbq bj bn l{lqylio f vbqì fomomìx`mo 2 {rjyov* Vb qbv{bylqì nl joyl ib nov l{lqyliov l p a*
‡ Bn lnrmjo |rb jo hlpl vr{bqlio lngõj yq`mbvyqb {oiqì qbfr{bqlqno bj nlfojtoflyoq`l oqi`jlq`l (Mlpo)3 nl joyl |rb {oiqì oaybjbq bj bvyb flvovbqì fomo mìx`mo 2 {rjyov. `jfnrpàjiovb bj bvyl joyl nov l{lqyliov l.a p f*
‡ Bn lnrmjo |rb ybjgl |rb qbln`ulq nl fojtoflyoq`l bxyqloqi`jlq`l (mbv ibErj`o). oaybjiqì fomo mìx`mo rjl joyl ib 2 {rjyov. `jfnrpàjiovb bjbvyl joyl nov l{lqyliov l.a p f*
MBI@ILV IB LYBJF@ÖJ L NL I@TBQV@ILIBn ibvlqqonno ibn {q`jf`{`o ib lybjf`öj l nl i`tbqv`ili {qbvbjyl yqbv j`tbnbv |rbvb fojfqbylj bj5- nlv lil{ylf`ojbv frqq`frnlqbv.
- nl o{f`ojln`ili frqq`frnlq p
- nl i`tbqv`d`flf`öj frqq`frnlq*
[lql lybjibq l bvylv i`dbqbjf`lv vb hlj {qbt`vyo nlv v`gr`bjybv lfyrlf`ojbv5
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‡ Vb i`dbqbjf`lj yoiov l|rbnnov bnbmbjyov |rb qbvrnylj bvbjf`lnbv ib novfojybj`iov |rb lm{nílj o {qodrji`ulj bj nov m`vmov*
‡ Vb hl gqlirlio nl i`d`frnyli ib nlv ylqblv. ib doqml |rb yoiov nov lnrmjov
{rbilj bjfojyqlq bv{lf`ov ib qbv{rbvyl libfrliov {lql vr lfyrlf`öj*
‡ Nlv lfy`t`ilibv vb {rbibj ibvlqqonnlq bj gqr{ov ib yqlaleo hbybqogàjbovfoj dnbx`a`n`ili bj bn qb{lqyo ib ylqblv*
QBFRQVOV I@IÌFY@FOV BJ BN LRNLVbqìj jbfbvlq`ov ln mbjov rj oqibjlioq {lql flil iov lnrmjov lví fomo rjflüöj {lql {oibq {qopbfylq i`dbqbjybv {qbvbjylf`ojbv {owbq {o`jy p tíibov*[lql lngrjl {qìfy`fl ib v`mrnlf`öj ry`n`ulqbmov nl fìmlql ib tíibo {lql |rbnrbgo nov lnrmjov/lv {rbilj tbqvb p ljln`ulq nov i`dbqbjybv lv{bfyov ib vrbx{ov`f`öj {lql nrbgo mbeoqlqnov*A@AN@OGQLDÍL
‡ I`qbff`öj ib Mlqcby`jg- [h`n`{ Coynbq
‡ [oníy`flv ib mlqcby`jg- Mfgqlw H`nn
‡ [oníy`flv ib mlqcby`jg- Bi`ybx
‡ Tbjibq bj y`bm{ov i`díf`nbv- Yom Ho{c`jv
‡ Qbt`vylv fomo Bm{qbjibioqbv p Bn fl{`yln3
‡ Qbt`vylv i`g`ylnbv fomo mlqcby`jg#tbjylv
‡ @jybqjby5
www*bvyobvmlqcby`jg*fom www*doqomlqcby`jg*fom www*mrebqbvibbm{qbvl*fom www*vomovbm{qbjibioqbv*fom
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Möirno
[QOPBFYO
@JYBGQLIO[QOGQLMLF@ÖJ
Gbvy`öj fombqf`ln p Mlqcby`jg
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<* @JYQOIRFF@ÖJ
1* D@JLN@ILIBV
6* FL[LF@ILIBV YBQM@JLNBV*
9* FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRLF@ÖJ
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<*- @JYQOIRFF@ÖJNl NOGVB bvylanbfb |rb nl Doqmlf`öj [qodbv`ojln {qo{oqf`ojlqì l nov lnrmjov plnrmjlv rjl doqmlf`öj {on`tlnbjyb |rb nbv {bqm`yl lil{ylqvb l nlv moi`d`flf`ojbv|rb {rbilj {qoirf`qvb bj nl t`il {qodbv`ojln* Lví m`vmo àvyl doqmlf`öj ibabqì
dlf`n`ylq vr `jfoq{oqlf`öj l nl t`il lfy`tl*
L {lqy`q ib nov fojof`m`bjyov li|r`q`iov ljybq`oqmbjyb bj àvyl doqmlf`öj vb{qbybjib lm{n`lq mbi`ljyb nl Doqmlf`öj b Fbjyqov ib Yqlaleo p bn [qopbfyo@jybgqlio*
1*- D@JLN@ILIBV IBN [QOPBFYO @JYBGQLIO*
Bn möirno {qodbv`ojln ibn [qopbfyo @jybgqlio {qbybjib |rb5
‡ Bn lnrmjlio ybjgl rjl t`v`öj gnoaln ib nlv i`vy`jylv o{bqlf`ojbv plfy`t`ilibv bm{qbvlq`lnbv. voaqb yoio no qbdbqbjyb ln ìqbl fombqf`ln.|rb jo hlj ybj`io irqljyb bn frqvo ljybq`oq. iba`io l nl i`vyq`arf`öj{oq möirnov `jib{bji`bjybv ib nov fojybj`iov foqqbv{oji`bjybv*
‡ Bn lnrmjlio lm{níb fojof`m`bjyov voaqb nov Oqglj`vmov b@jvy`yrf`ojbv {õan`flv p {q`tlilv |rb `jf`ibj bj nlv lfy`t`ilibv
bm{qbvlq`lnbv*
‡ Bn lnrmjlio vbl fl{lu ib {ojbq bj {qìfy`fl vr {qo{`l `j`f`ly`tl pfqbly`t`ili. yomljio ibf`v`ojbv |rb `jf`ilj voaqb nlv lfy`t`ilibv|rb tl l qbln`ulq bj bn [qopbfyo @jybgqlio*
‡ Bn lnrmjlio vbl fl{lu ib oaybjbq p bnlaoqlq nl `jdoqmlf`öjjbfbvlq`l {lql qbln`ulq bn [qopbfyo*
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6*- FL[LF@ILIBV YBQM@JLNBV*
<* Ibd`j`q p {nlj`d`flq foj ibylnnb nov fojybj`iov {lql bn ibvlqqonno
ib rj {qopbfyo `ibjy`d`flio bj bn flm{o {qodbv`ojln ib nld`grql ib nl gbvy`öj fombqf`ln p mlqcby`jg*
1* V`mrnlq / Bebfrylq bn {qopbfyo. `ibljio vonrf`ojbv {lql vrqbln`ulf`öj*
6* Tlnoqlq bj vr fojerjyo p ervy`d`flq nlv ibf`v`ojbv yomlilv bj nlibd`j`f`öj. {nlj`d`flf`öj. v`mrnlf`öj p bebfrf`öj ibn {qopbfyo*
9*- FQ@YBQ@OV IB BTLNRLF@ÖJ*
‡ @ibjy`d`flq p oaybjbq nl `jdoqmlf`öj jbfbvlq`l*
‡ L {lqy`q ib `jdoqmlf`ojbv qbnbtljybv voaqb nlv lfy`t`ilibv ibn vbfyoq{qoirfy`to5
o Ljln`ulq b `jybq{qbylq nl `jdoqmlf`öj*
o [qo{ojbq rjl `ibl {lql rj {qopbfyo bjfrliqlio bj bnflm{o {qodbv`ojln ib bvyl d`grql*
o Ibd`j`q bn {qopbfyo ervy`d`fljio vr d`jln`ili. oaebyo.flqlfybqívy`flv p t`la`n`ili*
‡ L {lqy`q ib nl `ibl ibn {qopbfyo `jybgqlio pl ibd`j`il5
o Ibvfq`a`q nl bvyqrfyrql gbjbqln ibn {qopbfyo*
o Ibybqm`jlq nl iofrmbjylf`öj yàfj`fl jbfbvlq`l*
o @ibjy`d`flq nov mbi`ov. qbfrqvov p bv{lf`ovqbnlf`ojìjionov foj vrv flqlfybqívy`flv*
o [qbf`vlq nov y`bm{o ib qbln`ulf`öj*
o Vbnbff`ojlq nl joqmly`tl l{n`flanb ln ibvlqqonno ibn{qopbfyo*
5/13/2018 2011-12 - Comercio - CFGS - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2011-12-comercio-cfgs 87/87
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‡ [lqy`bjio ibn {qopbfyo `jybgqlio ibd`j`io5
o
Bnlaoqlq nov fìnfrnov jbfbvlq`ov {lql nl qbln`ulf`öj ibn{qopbfyo*
o Ibybqm`jlq nlv dlvbv ib bebfrf`öj*
o Qbln`ulq. bj vr flvo. nlv o{bqlf`ojbv jbfbvlq`lv.l{n`fljio nov fq`ybq`ov ib fln`ili p vbgrq`ilibvylanbf`iov*
‡ Ljyb rjl vbq`b ib {qoanbmlv fojfqbyov ibq`tliov ib nl v`mrnlf`öj /
bebfrf`öj ibn {qopbfyo5
o [qo{ojbq. ln mbjov. iov vonrf`ojbv {ov`anbv l nov{qoanbmlv {nljybliov*
o Ervy`d`flq nl vonrf`öj bnbg`il*
‡ Vbnbff`ojlq nlv tlq`lanbv ib flil rjl ib nlv dlvbv ibn {qopbfyovrvfb{y`anb ib vbq btlnrlilv*
‡ Qbt`vlq nlv vonrf`ojbv o ibf`v`ojbv |rb vb hlj yomlio bj nlv`mrnlf`öj / bebfrf`öj ibn {qopbfyo*
‡ Btlnrlq nlv tlq`lanbv ib flil rjl ib nlv dlvbv ibn {qopbfyo p àvybm`vmo bj vr fojerjyo*
‡ Bnlaoqlq bn {qopbfyo foj nl mìx`ml foqqbff`öj p n`m{`bul*
‡ Frm{n`q nlv {lrylv ib i`mbjv`öj p {qbvbjylf`öj bvylanbf`ilv*
Jo vb lim`y`qìj nov {qopbfyov {qbvbjyliov drbql ib {nluo*