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SECCIÓN 1: IDENTIFICICIÓN DE LI SUSTINCII Y DE LI SOCIEDID O LI EMPRESI. 1.1 Identificador del producto. Nombre del producto: PERCLOROETILENO Código del producto: 260A1T Nombre químico: tetracloroetileno N. Indice: 602-028-00-4 N. CAS: 127-18-4 N. CE: 204-825-9 N. registro: 01-2119475329-28-XXXX 1.2 Usos pertinentes identificados de la sustancia y usos desaconsejados. Uso como un intermedio. Uso industrial de limpieza en seco. Uso profesional de limpieza en seco. Uso industrial de limpieza de superficies. Uso industrial en los medios de transferencia de calor. Uso profesional en películas de limpieza y copiado. Distribución y (re)empaquetado. Usos desaconsejados: Usos distintos a los aconsejados. 1.3 Datos del proveedor de la ficha de datos de seguridad. Empresa: Barcelonesa de Drogas y Productos Químicos, S.I. Dirección: Crom, 14 - P.I. FAMADES Población: 08940 - Cornellà del Llobregat Provincia: Barcelona Teléfono: 93 377 02 08 Fax: 93 377 42 49 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.grupbarcelonesa.com 1.4 Teléfono de emergencia: 704100087 (Disponible 24h)
SECCIÓN 2: IDENTIFICICIÓN DE LOS PELIGROS. 2.1 Clasificación de la sustancia. Según el Reglamento (EU) No 1272/2008:
Skin Irrit. 2 : Provoca irritación cutánea. Skin Sens. 1 : Puede provocar una reacción alérgica en la piel. STOT SE 3 : Puede provocar somnolencia o vértigo. Carc. 2 : Se sospecha que provoca cáncer Aquatic Chronic 2 : Tóxico para los organismos acuáticos, con efectos nocivos duraderos.
2.2 Elementos de la etiqueta. . . Etiquetado conforme al Reglamento (EU) No 1272/2008: Pictogramas:
Palabra de advertencia: Itención
Frases H: H315 Provoca irritación cutánea. H317 Puede provocar una reacción alérgica en la piel. H336 Puede provocar somnolencia o vértigo. H351 Se sospecha que provoca cáncer H411 Tóxico para los organismos acuáticos, con efectos nocivos duraderos.
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Frases P:
P202 No manipular la sustancia antes de haber leído y comprendido todas las instrucciones de seguridad. P273 Evitar su liberación al medio ambiente. P280 Llevar guantes/prendas/gafas/máscara de protección. P302+P352 EN CASO DE CONTACTO CON LA PIEL: Lavar con abundante agua P304+P340 EN CASO DE INHALACIÓN: Transportar a la persona al aire libre y mantenerla en una posición que le facilite la respiración. P308+P313 EN CASO DE exposición manifiesta o presunta: Consultar a un médico.
Contiene: tetracloroetileno
2.3 Otros peligros. En condiciones de uso normal y en su forma original, el producto no tiene ningún otro efecto negativo para la salud y el medio ambiente.
SECCIÓN 3: COMPOSICIÓN/INFORMICIÓN SOBRE LOS COMPONENTES. 3.1 Sustancias. Nombre químico: [1] tetracloroetileno N. Indice: 602-028-00-4 N. CAS: 127-18-4 N. CE: 204-825-9 N. registro: 01-2119475329-28-XXXX [1] Sustancia a la que se aplica un límite comunitario de exposición en el lugar de trabajo (ver sección 8.1). 3.2 Mezclas. No Aplicable.
SECCIÓN 4: PRIMEROS IUXILIOS. PREPARADO IRRITANTE. Su contacto repetido o prolongado con la piel o las mucosas, puede causar síntomas irritantes, tales como enrojecimiento, ampollas o dermatitis. Algunos de los síntomas pueden no ser inmediatos. Pueden producirse reacciones alérgicas en la piel. 4.1 Descripción de los primeros auxilios. En los casos de duda, o cuando persistan los síntomas de malestar, solicitar atención médica. No administrar nunca nada por vía oral a personas que se encuentre inconscientes. Inhalación. Situar al accidentado al aire libre, mantenerle caliente y en reposo, si la respiración es irregular o se detiene, practicar respiración artificial. No administrar nada por la boca. Si está inconsciente, ponerle en una posición adecuada y buscar ayuda médica. Contacto con los ojos. Retirar las lentes de contacto, si lleva y resulta fácil de hacer. Lavar abundantemente los ojos con agua limpia y fresca durante, por lo menos, 10 minutos, tirando hacia arriba de los párpados y buscar asistencia médica. Contacto con la piel. Quitar la ropa contaminada. Lavar la piel vigorosamente con agua y jabón o un limpiador de piel adecuado. NUNCA utilizar disolventes o diluyentes. Ingestión. Si accidentalmente se ha ingerido, buscar inmediatamente atención médica. Mantenerle en reposo. NUNCA provocar el vómito. 4.2 Principales síntomas y efectos, agudos y retardados. Producto Irritante, el contacto repetido o prolongado con la piel o las mucosas puede causar enrojecimiento, ampollas o dermatitis, la inhalación de niebla de pulverización o partículas en suspensión puede causar irritación de las vias respiratorias, algunos de los síntomas pueden no ser inmediatos. A largo plazo con exposiciones crónicas puede producir lesiones en determinados órganos o tejidos. Puede provocar una reacción alérgica, dermatitis, enrojecimiento o inflamación de la piel. 4.3 Indicación de toda atención médica y de los tratamientos especiales que deban dispensarse inmediatamente.
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En los casos de duda, o cuando persistan los síntomas de malestar, solicitar atención médica. No administrar nunca nada por vía oral a personas que se encuentren inconscientes. Mantenga a la persona cómoda. Gírela sobre su lado izquierdo y permanezca allí mientras espera la ayuda médica.
SECCIÓN 5: MEDIDIS DE LUCHI CONTRI INCENDIOS. El producto no presenta ningún riesgo particular en caso de incendio. 5.1 Medios de extinción. Medios de extinción apropiados: Polvo extintor o CO2. En caso de incendios más graves también espuma resistente al alcohol y agua pulverizada. Medios de extinción no apropiados: No usar para la extinción chorro directo de agua. En presencia de tensión eléctrica no es aceptable utilizar agua o espuma como medio de extinción. 5.2 Peligros específicos derivados de la sustancia. Riesgos especiales. El fuego puede producir un espeso humo negro. Como consecuencia de la descomposición térmica, pueden formarse productos peligrosos: monóxido de carbono, dióxido de carbono. La exposición a los productos de combustión o descomposición puede ser perjudicial para la salud. 5.3 Recomendaciones para el personal de lucha contra incendios. Refrigerar con agua los tanques, cisternas o recipientes próximos a la fuente de calor o fuego. Tener en cuenta la dirección del viento. Evitar que los productos utilizados en la lucha contra incendio pasen a desagües, alcantarillas o cursos de agua. Los restos de producto y medios de extinción pueden contaminar el medio ambiente acuático. Equipo de protección contra incendios. Según la magnitud del incendio, puede ser necesario el uso de trajes de protección contra el calor, equipo respiratorio autónomo, guantes, gafas protectoras o máscaras faciales y botas.
SECCIÓN 6: MEDIDIS EN CISO DE VERTIDO ICCIDENTIL. 6.1 Precauciones personales, equipo de protección y procedimientos de emergencia. Para control de exposición y medidas de protección individual, ver sección 8. 6.2 Precauciones relativas al medio ambiente. Producto peligroso para el medio ambiente, en caso de producirse grandes vertidos o si el producto contamina lagos, ríos o alcantarillas, informar a las autoridades competentes, según la legislación local.Evitar la contaminación de desagües, aguas superficiales o subterráneas, así como del suelo. 6.3 Métodos y material de contención y de limpieza. Recoger el vertido con materiales absorbentes no combustibles (tierra, arena, vermiculita, tierra de diatomeas...). Verter el producto y el absorbente en un contenedor adecuado. La zona contaminada debe limpiarse inmediatamente con un descontaminante adecuado. Echar el descontaminante a los restos y dejarlo durante varios días hasta que no se produzca reacción, en un envase sin cerrar. 6.4 Referencia a otras secciones. Para control de exposición y medidas de protección individual, ver sección 8. Para la eliminación de los residuos, seguir las recomendaciones de la sección 13.
SECCIÓN 7: MINIPULICIÓN Y ILMICENIMIENTO. 7.1 Precauciones para una manipulación segura. Para la protección personal, ver sección 8. No emplear nunca presión para vaciar los envases, no son recipientes resistentes a la presión. En la zona de aplicación debe estar prohibido fumar, comer y beber. Cumplir con la legislación sobre seguridad e higiene en el trabajo. Conservar el producto en envases de un material idéntico al original.
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7.2 Condiciones de almacenamiento seguro, incluidas posibles incompatibilidades. Almacenar según la legislación local. Observar las indicaciones de la etiqueta. Almacenar los envases entre 5 y 35 °C, en un lugar seco y bien ventilado, lejos de fuentes de calor y de la luz solar directa. Mantener lejos de puntos de ignición. Mantener lejos de agentes oxidantes y de materiales fuertemente ácidos o alcalinos. No fumar. Evitar la entrada a personas no autorizadas. Una vez abiertos los envases, han de volverse a cerrar cuidadosamente y colocarlos verticalmente para evitar derrames. Clasificación y cantidad umbral de almacenaje de acuerdo con el Anexo I de la Directiva 2012/18/UE (SEVESO III):
Cantidad umbral (toneladas) a efectos de aplicación de los
Código Descripción requisitos de nivel inferior
requisitos de nivel superior
E2 PELIGROS PARA EL MEDIOAMBIENTE - Peligroso para el medio ambiente acuático en la categoría crónica 2 200 500
7.3 Usos específicos finales. No disponible.
SECCIÓN 8: CONTROLES DE EXPOSICIÓN/PROTECCIÓN INDIVIDUIL. 8.1 Parámetros de control. Límite de exposición durante el trabajo para: Nombre N. CIS País Valor límite ppm mg/m3
tetracloroetileno 127-18-4
España [1] Ocho horas 20 138 Corto plazo 40 275
European Union [2]
Ocho horas 20 (significant uptake through
the skin)
138 (significant uptake through
the skin)
Corto plazo 40 (significant uptake through
the skin)
275 (significant uptake through
the skin) Valores límite de exposición biológicos para:
Nombre N. CIS País Indicador biológico VLB
Momento de muestreo
tetracloroetileno 127-18-4
España [1]
Percloroetileno en aire alveolar (fracción final del aire exhalado)
3 ppm Principio de la
última jornada de la semana laboral
España [1] Percloroetileno en sangre
0,4 mg/l Principio de la
última jornada de la semana laboral
[1] Según la lista de Valores Límite Ambientales de Exposición Profesional adoptados por el Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo (INSHT) para el año 2017. [2] According both Binding Occupational Esposure Limits (BOELVs) and Indicative Occupational Exposure Limits (IOELVs) adopted by Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits to Chemical Agents (SCOEL). Niveles de concentración DNEL/DMEL: Nombre DNEL/DMEL Tipo Valor
tetracloroetileno N. CAS: 127-18-4 N. CE: 204-825-9
DNEL (Trabajadores)
Inhalación, Crónico, Efectos sistémicos 138 (mg/m³)
DNEL (Consumidores)
Inhalación, Crónico, Efectos sistémicos 34,5 (mg/m³)
DNEL (Trabajadores)
Inhalación, Corto plazo, Efectos sistémicos
275 (mg/m³)
DNEL (Consumidores)
Inhalación, Corto plazo, Efectos sistémicos
138 (mg/m³)
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DNEL (Trabajadores)
Cutánea, Crónico, Efectos sistémicos 39,4 (mg/kg bw/day)
DNEL (Consumidores)
Cutánea, Crónico, Efectos sistémicos 23 (mg/kg bw/day)
DNEL (Consumidores)
Oral, Crónico, Efectos sistémicos 1,3 (mg/kg bw/day)
DNEL: Derived No Effect Level, (nivel sin efecto obtenido) nivel de exposición a la sustancia por debajo del cual no se prevén efectos adversos. DMEL: Derived Minimal Effect Level, nivel de exposición que corresponde a un riesgo bajo, que debe considerarse un riesgo mínimo tolerable. Niveles de concentración PNEC: Nombre Detalles Valor
tetracloroetileno N. CAS: 127-18-4 N. CE: 204-825-9
aqua (freshwater) 0,051 (mg/L) aqua (marine water) 0,0051
(mg/L) aqua (intermittent releases) 0,0364
(mg/L) PNEC STP 11,2 (mg/L) sediment (freshwater) 0,903 (mg/kg
sediment dw) sediment (marine water) 0,0903
(mg/kg sediment dw)
soil 0,01 (mg/kg soil dw)
PNEC: Predicted No Effect Concentration, (concentración prevista sin efecto) concentración de la sustancia por debajo de la cual no se esperan efectos negativos en el comportamiento medioambiental. 8.2 Controles de la exposición. Medidas de orden técnico: Proveer una ventilación adecuada, lo cual puede conseguirse mediante una buena extracción-ventilación local y un buen sistema general de extracción. Concentración: 100 %
Usos: Uso como un intermedio. Uso industrial de limpieza en seco. Uso profesional de limpieza en seco. Uso industrial de limpieza de superficies. Uso industrial en los medios de transferencia de calor. Uso profesional en películas de limpieza y copiado. Distribución y (re)empaquetado.
Protección respiratoria: EPI: Máscara filtrante para la protección contra gases y partículas
Características: Marcado «CE» Categoría III. La máscara debe tener amplio campo de visión y forma anatómica para ofrecer estanqueidad y hermeticidad.
Normas CEN: EN 136, EN 140, EN 405
Mantenimiento: No se debe almacenar en lugares expuestos a temperaturas elevadas y ambientes húmedos antes de su utilización. Se debe controlar especialmente el estado de las válvulas de inhalación y exhalación del adaptador facial.
Observaciones:
Se deberán leer atentamente las instrucciones del fabricante al respecto del uso y mantenimiento del equipo. Se acoplarán al equipo los filtros necesarios en función de las características específicas del riesgo (Partículas y aerosoles: P1-P2-P3, Gases y vapores: A-B-E-K-AX) cambiándose según aconseje el fabricante.
Tipo de filtro necesario: A2
Protección de las manos: EPI: Guantes de protección contra productos químicos
Características: Marcado «CE» Categoría III.
Normas CEN: EN 374-1, En 374-2, EN 374-3, EN 420
Mantenimiento: Se guardarán en un lugar seco, alejados de posibles fuentes de calor, y se evitará la exposición a los rayos solares en la medida de lo posible. No se realizarán sobre los guantes modificaciones que puedan alterar su resistencia ni se aplicarán pinturas, disolventes o adhesivos.
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Observaciones: Los guantes deben ser de la talla correcta, y ajustarse a la mano sin quedar demasiado holgados ni demasiado apretados. Se deberán utilizar siempre con las manos limpias y secas.
Material: PVC (Cloruro de polivinilo)
Tiempo de penetración (min.): > 480 Espesor del
material (mm): 0,35
Protección de los ojos: EPI: Gafas de protección con montura integral
Características: Marcado «CE» Categoría II. Protector de ojos de montura integral para la protección contra salpicaduras de líquidos, polvo, humos, nieblas y vapores.
Normas CEN: EN 165, EN 166, EN 167, EN 168
Mantenimiento: La visibilidad a través de los oculares debe ser óptima para lo cual estos elementos se deben limpiar a diario, los protectores deben desinfectarse periódicamente siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante.
Observaciones: Indicadores de deterioro pueden ser: coloración amarilla de los oculares, arañazos superficiales en los oculares, rasgaduras, etc.
Protección de la piel: EPI: Ropa de protección contra productos químicos
Características:
Marcado «CE» Categoría III. La ropa debe tener un buen ajuste. Se debe fijar el nivel de protección en función un parámetro de ensayo denominado ''Tiempo de paso'' (BT. Breakthrough Time) el cual indica el tiempo que el producto químico tarda en atravesar el material.
Normas CEN: EN 464,EN 340, EN 943-1, EN 943-2, EN ISO 6529, EN ISO 6530, EN 13034
Mantenimiento: Se deben seguir las instrucciones de lavado y conservación proporcionadas por el fabricante para garantiza una protección invariable.
Observaciones: El diseño de la ropa de protección debería facilitar su posicionamiento correcto y su permanencia sin desplazamiento, durante el período de uso previsto, teniendo el cuenta los factores ambientales, junto con los movimientos y posturas que el usuario pueda adoptar durante su actividad.
EPI: Calzado de trabajo Características: Marcado «CE» Categoría II.
Normas CEN: EN ISO 13287, EN 20347
Mantenimiento: Estos artículos se adaptan a la forma del pie del primer usuario. Por este motivo, al igual que por cuestiones de higiene, debe evitarse su reutilización por otra persona.
Observaciones: El calzado de trabajo para uso profesional es el que incorpora elementos de protección destinados a proteger al usuario de las lesiones que pudieran provocar los accidentes, se debe revisar los trabajor para los cuales es apto este calzado.
SECCIÓN 9: PROPIEDIDES FÍSICIS Y QUÍMICIS. 9.1 Información sobre propiedades físicas y químicas básicas. Aspecto:Líquido incoloro Color: N.D./N.A. Olor:Característico Umbral olfativo:N.D./N.A. pH:9 - 10 Punto de Fusión:-22 ºC Punto/intervalo de ebullición: 121 ºC Punto de inflamación: 45 ºC Tasa de evaporación: N.D./N.A. Inflamabilidad (sólido, gas): No Límite inferior de explosión: N.D./N.A. Límite superior de explosión: N.D./N.A. Presión de vapor: 13 - 14 mm Hg (20ºC) Densidad de vapor:5,8 (aire = 1) Densidad relativa:1,619 - 1,623 g/cm3 Solubilidad:N.D./N.A. Liposolubilidad: N.D./N.A. Hidrosolubilidad: 0,015 % Coeficiente de reparto (n-octanol/agua): Log Kow (Pow): 2.53 at 20 °C. Temperatura de autoinflamación: NoºC Temperatura de descomposición: N.D./N.A. Viscosidad: 0.8 mPa.s (20ºC) Propiedades explosivas: No Propiedades comburentes: No N.D./N.A.= No Disponible/No Aplicable debido a la naturaleza del producto.
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9.2 Otros datos. Punto de Gota: N.D./N.A. Centelleo: N.D./N.A. Viscosidad cinemática: N.D./N.A. N.D./N.A.= No Disponible/No Aplicable debido a la naturaleza del producto.
SECCIÓN 10: ESTIBILIDID Y REICTIVIDID. 10.1 Reactividad. El producto no presenta peligros debido a su reactividad. 10.2 Estabilidad química. Inestable en contacto con: - Ácidos. 10.3 Posibilidad de reacciones peligrosas. Puede producirse una neutralización en contacto con ácidos. 10.4 Condiciones que deben evitarse. Evitar las siguientes condiciones: - Calentamiento. - Alta temperatura. - Contacto con materiales incompatibles. - Evitar el contacto con ácidos. 10.5 Materiales incompatibles. Evitar los siguientes materiales: - Ácidos. - Bases. - Agentes oxidantes. 10.6 Productos de descomposición peligrosos. Dependiendo de las condiciones de uso, pueden generarse los siguientes productos: - COx (óxidos de carbono). - Compuestos orgánicos. - Vapores o gases corrosivos. - Compuestos halogenados.
SECCIÓN 11: INFORMICIÓN TOXICOLÓGICI. PREPARADO IRRITANTE. Su contacto repetido o prolongado con la piel o las mucosas, puede causar síntomas irritantes, tales como enrojecimiento, ampollas o dermatitis. Algunos de los síntomas pueden no ser inmediatos. Pueden producirse reacciones alérgicas en la piel. PREPARADO IRRITANTE. La inhalación de niebla de pulverización o partículas en suspensión puede causar irritación del tracto respiratorio. También puede ocasionar graves dificultades respiratorias, alteración del sistema nervioso central y en casos extremos inconsciencia. 11.1 Información sobre los efectos toxicológicos. El contacto repetido o prolongado con el producto, puede causar la eliminación de la grasa de la piel, dando lugar a una dermatitis de contacto no alérgica y a que se absorba el producto a través de la piel. Las salpicaduras en los ojos pueden causar irritación y daños reversibles. Información Toxicológica.
Nombre Toxicidad aguda
Tipo Ensayo Especie Valor
tetracloroetileno
Oral DL50 Rata 0.5 - 5 g/kg
Cutánea DL50 Conejo > 10000 mg/kg
Inhalación
N. CAS: 127-18-4 N. CE: 204-825-9 a) toxicidad aguda;
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Datos no concluyentes para la clasificación. b) corrosión o irritación cutáneas; Producto clasificado: Irritante cutáneo, Categoría 2: Provoca irritación cutánea. c) lesiones oculares graves o irritación ocular; Datos no concluyentes para la clasificación. d) sensibilización respiratoria o cutánea; Producto clasificado: Sensibilizante cutáneo, Categoría 1: Puede provocar una reacción alérgica en la piel. e) mutagenicidad en células germinales; Datos no concluyentes para la clasificación. f) carcinogenicidad; Producto clasificado: Carcinógeno, Categoría 2: Se sospecha que provoca cáncer g) toxicidad para la reproducción; Datos no concluyentes para la clasificación. h) toxicidad específica en determinados órganos (STOT) - exposición única; Producto clasificado: Toxicidad en determinados órganos tras exposición única, Categoría 3: i) toxicidad específica en determinados órganos (STOT) - exposición repetida; Datos no concluyentes para la clasificación. j) peligro por aspiración; Datos no concluyentes para la clasificación.
SECCIÓN 12: INFORMICIÓN ECOLÓGICI. 12.1 Toxicidad.
Nombre Ecotoxicidad
Tipo Ensayo Especie Valor
tetracloroetileno
Peces
Invertebrados acuáticos
LC50 Dafnia magna 3,4 - 18 mg/l
Plantas acuáticas
N. CAS: 127-18-4 N. CE: 204-825-9
12.2 Persistencia y degradabilidad. No se dispone de información relativa a la biodegradabilidad. No se dispone de información relativa a la degradabilidad. No existe información disponible sobre la persistencia y degradabilidad del producto. 12.3 Potencial de Bioacumulación. No se dispone de información relativa a la Bioacumulación. 12.4 Movilidad en el suelo. No existe información disponible sobre la movilidad en el suelo. No se debe permitir que el producto pase a las alcantarillas o a cursos de agua. Evitar la penetración en el terreno. 12.5 Resultados de la valoración PBT y mPmB. No existe información disponible sobre la valoración PBT y mPmB del producto.
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12.6 Otros efectos adversos. No existe información disponible sobre otros efectos adversos para el medio ambiente.
SECCIÓN 13: CONSIDERICIONES RELITIVIS I LI ELIMINICIÓN. 13.1 Métodos para el tratamiento de residuos. No se permite su vertido en alcantarillas o cursos de agua. Los residuos y envases vacíos deben manipularse y eliminarse de acuerdo con las legislaciones local/nacional vigentes. Seguir las disposiciones de la Directiva 2008/98/CE respecto a la gestión de residuos.
SECCIÓN 14: INFORMICIÓN RELITIVI IL TRINSPORTE. Transportar siguiendo las normas ADR/TPC para el transporte por carretera, las RID por ferrocarril, las IMDG por mar y las ICAO/IATA para transporte aéreo. Tierra: Transporte por carretera: ADR, Transporte por ferrocarril: RID. Documentación de transporte: Carta de porte e Instrucciones escritas. Mar: Transporte por barco: IMDG. Documentación de transporte: Conocimiento de embarque. Iire: Transporte en avión: IATA/ICAO. Documento de transporte: Conocimiento aéreo. 14.1 Número ONU. Nº UN: UN1897 14.2 Designación oficial de transporte de las Naciones Unidas. Descripción: ADR: UN 1897, TETRACLOROETILENO, 6.1, GE III, (E) IMDG: UN 1897, TETRACLOROETILENO, 6.1, GE/E III, CONTAMINANTE DEL MAR ICAO/IATA: UN 1897, TETRACLOROETILENO, 6.1, GE III 14.3 Clase(s) de peligro para el transporte. Clase(s): 6.1 14.4 Grupo de embalaje. Grupo de embalaje: III 14.5 Peligros para el medio ambiente. Contaminante marino: Si
Peligroso para el medio ambiente 14.6 Precauciones particulares para los usuarios. Etiquetas: 6.1
Número de peligro: 60 ADR cantidad limitada: 5 L IMDG cantidad limitada: 5 L ICAO cantidad limitada: 2 L
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Disposiciones relativas al transporte a granel en ADR: No autorizado el transporte a granel según el ADR. Transporte por barco, FEm - Fichas de emergencia (F – Incendio, S – Derrames): F-A,S-A Actuar según el punto 6. Grupo de segregación del Código IMDG: 10 Hidrocarburos líquidos halogenados 14.7 Transporte a granel con arreglo al anexo II del Convenio MIRPOL y del Código IBC. El producto no está afectado por el transporte a granel en buques.
SECCIÓN 15: INFORMICIÓN REGLIMENTIRII. 15.1 Reglamentación y legislación en materia de seguridad, salud y medio ambiente específicas para la sustancia. El producto no está afectado por el Reglamento (CE) no 1005/2009 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 16 de septiembre de 2009, sobre las sustancias que agotan la capa de ozono. Compuesto orgánico volátil (COV) Contenido de COV (p/p): 100 % Contenido de COV: 1.619 g/l Clasificación del producto de acuerdo con el Anexo I de la Directiva 2012/18/UE (SEVESO III): E2 El producto no está afectado por el Reglamento (UE) No 528/2012 relativo a la comercialización y el uso de los biocidas. El producto no se encuentra afectado por el procedimiento establecido en el Reglamento (UE) No 649/2012, relativo a la exportación e importación de productos químicos peligrosos. 15.2 Evaluación de la seguridad química. No se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación de la seguridad química del producto. Se dispone de Escenario de Exposición del producto.
SECCIÓN 16: OTRI INFORMICIÓN. Códigos de clasificación: Aquatic Chronic 2 : Efectos crónicos para el medio ambiente acuático, Categoría 2 Carc. 2 : Carcinógeno, Categoría 2 Skin Irrit. 2 : Irritante cutáneo, Categoría 2 Skin Sens. 1 : Sensibilizante cutáneo, Categoría 1 STOT SE 3 : Toxicidad en determinados órganos tras exposición única, Categoría 3 Secciones modificadas respecto a la versión anterior: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,16,Escenario(s) de exposición Se aconseja realizar formación básica con respecto a seguridad e higiene laboral para realizar una correcta manipulación del producto. Se dispone de Escenario de Exposición del producto. Abreviaturas y acrónimos utilizados: ADR: Acuerdo europeo sobre el transporte internacional de mercancías peligrosas por carretera. CEN: Comité Europeo de Normalización. DMEL: Derived Minimal Effect Level, nivel de exposición que corresponde a un riesgo bajo, que debe considerarse un riesgo mínimo tolerable. DNEL: Derived No Effect Level, (nivel sin efecto obtenido) nivel de exposición a la sustancia por debajo del cual no se prevén efectos adversos. EC50: Concentración efectiva media. EPI: Equipo de protección personal. IATA: Asociación Internacional de Transporte Aéreo. ICAO: Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional. IMDG: Código Marítimo Internacional de Mercancías Peligrosas. LC50: Concentración Letal, 50%. LD50: Dosis Letal, 50%.
FICHI DE DITOS DE SEGURIDID (de acuerdo con el Reglamento (UE) 2015/830)
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PNEC: Predicted No Effect Concentration, (concentración prevista sin efecto) concentración de la sustancia por debajo de la cual no se esperan efectos negativos en el comportamiento medioambiental. RID: Regulación concerniente al transporte internacional de mercancías peligrosas por ferrocarril. Principales referencias bibliográficas y fuentes de datos: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html http://echa.europa.eu/ Reglamento (UE) 2015/830. Reglamento (CE) No 1907/2006. Reglamento (EU) No 1272/2008. La información facilitada en esta ficha de Datos de Seguridad ha sido redactada de acuerdo con el REGLAMENTO (UE) 2015/830 DE LA COMISIÓN de 28 de mayo de 2015 por el que se modifica el Reglamento (CE) no 1907/2006 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, relativo al registro, la evaluación, la autorización y la restricción de las sustancias y mezclas químicas (REACH), por el que se crea la Agencia Europea de Sustancias y Preparados Químicos, se modifica la Directiva 1999/45/CE y se derogan el Reglamento (CEE) nº 793/93 del Consejo y el Reglamento (CE) nº 1488/94 de la Comisión así como la Directiva 76/769/CEE del Consejo y las Directivas 91/155/CEE, 93/67/CEE, 93/105/CE y 2000/21/CE de la Comisión.
La información de esta Ficha de Datos de Seguridad del Producto está basada en los conocimientos actuales y en las leyes vigentes de la CE y nacionales, en cuanto que las condiciones de trabajo de los usuarios están fuera de nuestro conocimiento y control. El producto no debe utilizarse para fines distintos a aquellos que se especifican, sin tener primero una instrucción por escrito, de su manejo. Es siempre responsabilidad del usuario tomar las medidas oportunas con el fin de cumplir con las exigencias establecidas en las legislaciones.
9.2. Exposure scenario 2: Use as an intermediate
9.2.1. Exposure scenario
Section 1 Exposure Scenario Title
Title Use as an intermediate
Sector of Use SU3
Process Category PROC1, PROC2, PROC3, PROC8a, PROC8b, PROC15
Product Category n/a
Article Category n/a
Environmental release Category ERC6A
Specific environmental release category
-
Processes, tasks, activities
covered
Use as an intermediate, in catalyst recycling or process chemical or extraction agent. Includes
recycling/ recovery, material transfers, storage, sampling, associated laboratory activities, maintenance and loading (including marine vessel/barge, road/rail car and bulk container).
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.1 Control of worker exposure
Product characteristics
Physical form of product Liquid
Volatility Medium volatility
Concentration of substance in product
Up to 100%
Operational conditions
Amounts used Not relevant for this scenario
Frequency and duration of use Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours (unless stated) [OC1]
Human factors not influenced by risk management
None identified for this scenario.
Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure
Assumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented [G1]; Assumes activities are at ambient temperature (unless stated differently) [G17].
Risk Management Measures For detailed information on this Exposure Scenario, refer to appendix X.
Identifier* Contributing Scenarios Process
Categories
Risk Management Measures
ES2-W1 General exposures [CS1]; Continuous process [CS54];
(closed systems) [CS107]
1 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES2-W2 General exposures [CS1]; Continuous process [CS54];
With sample collection [CS56]; (closed systems) [CS107]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES2-W3 General exposures [CS1]; Use in contained batch processes
[CS37];
With sample collection [CS56].
3 Provide extract ventilation to points where emissions occur [E54].
ES2-W4 Process sampling [CS2]. 3 Use a sampling system designed to control exposure [E89].
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ES2-W5 Bulk transfers [CS14]; Internal [CS59];
(closed systems) [CS107]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES2-W6 Bulk transfers [CS14]; Internal [CS59].
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
ES2-W7 Drum and small package filling [CS6];
Automated process with (semi) closed systems [CS93]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
ES2-W8 Equipment cleaning and
maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or
maintenance [E65].
ES2-W9 Bulk transfers [CS14]; Transport [CS58] ;
(closed systems) [CS107]
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
ES2-W10 Bulk transfers [CS14]; Transport [CS58] ;
(open systems) [CS108]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
ES2-W11 Bulk product storage [CS85]; (closed systems) [CS107];
With sample collection [CS56].
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES2-W12 Laboratory activities [CS36]. 15 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES.
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.2 Control of environmental exposure
Identifier ES2-E1
Contributing scenario Use as an intermediate
Environmental Release Category ERC6a
Specific ERC -
Assessment scenario IC=3, UC=48
Operational Conditions
Amounts used
Amounts used in the EU (tonnes/year) 9907
Fraction of EU tonnage used in region 1
Fraction of main source to local environment 0.25
Fraction of substance in end-use products 1
Maximum daily site tonnage (kg/day) -
Frequency and duration of use
Type of release ND
Emission days (days/year) 300
Site specific monitoring data results for surface
water effluent Not applicable
Location of sample Not applicable
Environmental factors not influenced by risk
management
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Local freshwater dilution factor 10 (default)
Local marine water dilution factor 100 (default)
Other given operational conditions affecting
environmental exposure
Risk Management Measures
Technical conditions and measures at process level
(source) to prevent release
Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce
or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil
Thermal oxidation
Treat air emissions to provide a typical removal efficiency of (%) 99.9
ERMM1: Typical onsite wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
ERMM2: Typical municipal wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
STP: 3 Estimated substance removal from wastewater via domestic sewage treatment (%): 92.6 (default from Simple
treat model)
Treat wastewater (prior to discharge to receiving water) to provide the required removal efficiency of (%)
ETotal,RMM = 1 – ((1 – ERMM, 1) x (1 – ERMM,2))
STP4: Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%):
92.6
Site should have a spill plan to ensure that adequate safeguards are in place to minimize the impact of episodic releases.
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release
from site
Prevent discharge of undissolved substance to waste water or recover from wastewater.
Conditions and measures related to municipal
sewage treatment plant
Primary and secondary treatments.
Conditions and measures related to external
treatment of waste for disposal
Do not apply sewage sludge as fertiliser to agriculture land
Conditions and measures related to external
recovery of waste
Storage of finished products in closed containers (e.g., bulk tanks,, drums, cans). Incinerate, absorb, or adsorb vapours stripped from solution whenever necessary.
Other environmental control measures additional to
above
Vapour recovery units should be used when necessary.
9.2.2. Exposure estimation
9.2.2.1. Workers exposure
The worker exposure estimates for the activities associated with this use of tetarchloroethylene have been
assessed using ECETOC TRA v2, unless stated differently (see appendix X).
Assessment parameter default values:
Fugacity: medium
Type of Use; industrial
Concentration: > 25 %
Local Exhaust Ventilation: none
Duration of Exposure: > 4 hours/day
Respiratory Protection Equipment: none
The ECETOC TRA v2 estimates task based exposure. The exposure estimates shown are representative for
activities lasting up to 8 hours. Due to the activity based character of this estimation tool, these exposure
estimates are thereby also representative for short term activities (e.g. 15 minutes to 1 hour). Therefore no short
term inhalation exposure estimates are calculated nor shown in the table below (indicated by n.a.), since the long
term (8 hour) estimate already covers the short term exposure.
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Inhalatory
exposure
(mg/m3)
Dermal exposure
(mg/kg/day)
Dermal
exposure
(mg/cm2)
Identifier
*
Contributing scenarios PROC Risk Management
Measures
Long
term
Acute Long
term
Acute
systemic
Acute
local
ES2-W1 General exposures [CS1];
Continuous process [CS54];
(closed systems)
[CS107]
1 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
0.1 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W2 General exposures [CS1];
Continuous process [CS54];
With sample collection [CS56];
(closed systems) [CS107]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
69.1 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W3 General exposures [CS1];
Use in contained batch processes [CS37];
With sample collection [CS56].
3 Provide extract ventilation to points where emissions occur [E54].
17.3 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W4 Process sampling [CS2].
3 Use a sampling system designed to control exposure [E89].
34.5 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W5 Bulk transfers [CS14]; Internal [CS59]; (closed systems)
[CS107]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
69.1 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W6 Bulk transfers [CS14]; Internal [CS59].
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
10.4 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W7 Drum and small package filling [CS6];
Automated process with
(semi) closed systems [CS93]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract
ventilation [E66].
10.4 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W8 Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].
69.1 n.a. 13.7 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W9 Bulk transfers [CS14]; Transport [CS58]; (closed systems)
[CS107]
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
69.1 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W10 Bulk transfers [CS14]; Transport [CS58];
(open systems) [CS108]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
10.4 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W11 Bulk product storage [CS85];
(closed systems) [CS107];
With sample collection [CS56].
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
69.1 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES2-W12 Laboratory activities
[CS36].
15 No other specific
measures identified [EI20].
69.1 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
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9.2.2.2. Consumer exposure
Not applicable.
9.2.2.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment (oral)
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
9.2.2.4. Environmental exposure
Tetrachloroethylene is used as an intermediate in a closed batch processes under controlled
conditions. Emission data are available from a site where tetrachloroethylene is used as an
intermediate, however the generic assessment for tetrachloroethylene used as an intermediate
is based on A&B tables with default for continuous production.
Site data indicated that air vapours are directed and treated to a thermal oxidizer. Emissions
from the oxydiser are below the detection limit. The concentration of tetrachloroethylene in
water is monitored in the effluent of the STP prior release to surface water. In 2009, the
highest occurrence detected in the STP effluent was 0.0022 mg/L tetrachloroethylene, with a
detection limit at 0,0005mg/L. considering a dilution factor of 10 in surface waters, the site
specific PECwater would be 0.00022mg/L, which is well bellow than the modeled PEC of
0.015. Hence, the generic assessment is a conservative estimate of site emissions.
Identifier ES2-E1
Narrative Release fraction for manufacture were derived from A&B tables IC=3, UC=48
Release fraction to air from process 1.00E-04
Release fraction to wastewater from process 5.00E-04
Release fraction to soil from process (regional only) 1.00E-04
Local release to water (kg/d) 8.30E-01
Local release to air (kg/d) 4.10E+00
Local release to soil (kg/d) 8.30E-01
Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%)
92.6
Total efficiency of removal from air emissions (%) ND
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow (m3/d) 2000
The maximum allowable site tonnage (MSafe) based on removal from domestic sewage treatment (kg/d)
Scaling
The downstream user can check the compliance of his site by comparing site specific data with defaults used in the exposure assessment. The site specific quotient should be inferior or equal to the spERC quotient.
Not applicable as the exposure is generic and applies to the largest manufacturing capacity
site
siterelease,siteER,site
spERC
spERCrelease,spERCER,spERC
DF
F*)E-(1*m
DF
F*)E-(1*m
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mspERC: Susbstance use rate in spERC
EER,spERC: Efficacy of RMM in spERC
Frelease,,spERC: Initial release fraction in spERC
DFspERC: dilution factor of STP effluent in river
msite: Susbstance use rate at site
EER,site: Efficacy of RMM at site
Frelease,,site: Initial release fraction at site
DFsite: dilution factor of STP effluent in river
9.2.2.4.1. Predicted exposure concentrations in aquatic the STP and in aquatic compartments
(freshwater, seawater and sediment)
Local Concentration, Compartment: STP and aquatic unit ES2-E1
PEC for microorganisms in STP mg/L 1.5E-01
Local PEC in surface water during emission episode (dissolved) mg/L 1.5E-02
Annual average local PEC in surface water (dissolved) mg/L 1.3E-02
Local PEC in fresh water sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 2.7E-01
Local PEC in sea water during emission episode mg/L 1.5E-03
Annual average local PEC in sea water (dissolved) mg/L 1.3E-03
Local PEC in marine sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 2.7E-02
Comments
9.2.2.4.2. Predicted exposure concentration in soils
Local Concentration, Compartment: soil unit ES2-E1
Local PEC in agricultural soil, averaged over 30 days mg/kg dwt 2.967E-03
Local PEC agricultural soil, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 2.970E-03
Local PEC in grass land, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 2.997E-03
Comments
9.2.2.4.3. Predicted exposure concentration in the atmospheric compartment
Local Concentration, Compartment: air unit ES2-E1
Annual average local PEC in air (total) mg/m3 0.00127
Comments
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9.2.2.4.4. Predicted exposure concentration in food for secondary poisoning
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
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9.3. Exposure scenario 3: Industrial use in dry cleaning
9.3.1. Exposure scenario
Section 1 Exposure Scenario Title
Title Industrial use in dry cleaning
Sector of Use SU3
Process Category PROC2, PROC4, PROC6, PROC8a, PROC8b
Product Category n/a
Article Category n/a
Environmental release Category ERC4
Specific environmental release category
Processes, tasks, activities
covered
Use of substance in industrial dry cleaning (including wool scouring, textile cleaning and heat
finishing). Includes material transfers, storage and maintenance.
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.1 Control of worker exposure
Product characteristics
Physical form of product Liquid
Volatility Medium volatility
Concentration of substance in
product
Up to 100%
Operational conditions
Amounts used Not relevant for this scenario
Frequency and duration of use Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours (unless stated) [OC1]
Human factors not influenced by risk management
None identified for this scenario.
Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure
Assumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented [G1]. ; Assumes activities are at ambient temperature (unless stated differently) [G17].
Risk Management Measures For detailed information on this Exposure Scenario, refer to appendix X.
Identifier* Contributing Scenarios Process
Categories
Risk Management Measures
ES3-W1
General exposures [CS1] ; Use in contained systems [CS38];
Continuous process [CS54]; Application of cleaning products
in closed systems [CS101]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES3-W2
General exposures [CS1]; Use in contained batch processes
[CS37]; Application of cleaning products
in closed systems [CS101]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES3-W3
Material transfers [CS3]; Manual [CS34].
4 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
ES3-W4
Finishing operations [CS102]; Treatment by heating [CS129].
6 Provide extract ventilation to points where emissions occur [E54].
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ES3-W5
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
With local exhaust ventilation
[CS109]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
ES3-W6
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers [CS8].
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
ES3-W7
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
(closed systems) [CS107]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES3-W8
Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management
measures
Section 2.2 Control of environmental exposure
Identifier ES3-E1
Contributing scenario Wool scouring , textile dry cleaning and finishing
Environmental Release Category ERC4
Specific ERC -
Assessment scenario Based on reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the textile industry (2003) and data
from manufacturer of textile dry-cleaning machine
Operational Conditions
Amounts used
Amounts used in the EU (tonnes/year) 2140
Fraction of EU tonnage used in region 0.1
Fraction of main source to local environment 1.00E-02
Fraction of substance in end-use products 1
Maximum daily site tonnage (kg/day) -
Frequency and duration of use
Type of release continuous
Emission days (days/year) 300
Site specific monitoring data results for surface water
effluent Not applicable
Location of sample Not applicable
Environmental factors not influenced by risk management
Local freshwater dilution factor 10 (default/ measured)
Local marine water dilution factor 100 (default/ measured)
Other given operational conditions affecting environmental
exposure
Risk Management Measures
Solvent evaporation system
Solvent Air Stripping Unit
Technical conditions and measures at process level (source)
to prevent release
Vapour Recovery Unit
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Process is closed systemTechnical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit
discharges, air emissions and releases to soil
Treat air emissions to provide a typical removal efficiency of (%) 99.99%
ERMM1: Typical onsite wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%) 92.6
ERMM2: Typical municipal wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
STP: 3 Estimated substance removal from wastewater via domestic sewage treatment (%): 92.6 (default from Simple treat model)
Treat wastewater (prior to discharge to receiving water) to provide the required removal efficiency of (%) ETotal,RMM = 1 – ((1 – ERMM, 1) x (1 – ERMM,2))
STP4: Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%): 92.6
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site Site should have a spill plan to ensure that adequate safeguards are in place to minimize the impact of episodic releases.
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage
treatment plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of
waste for disposal
Dispose of waste solvent and used containers according to local regulations. Dispose of waste or used sacks/containers according to local regulations.
Conditions and measures related to external recovery of
waste
Storage of finished products in closed containers (e.g., bulk tanks,, drums, cans). Incinerate, absorb, or adsorb vapours stripped from solution whenever necessary.
Other environmental control measures additional to above Vapour recovery units should be used when
necessary.
9.3.2. Exposure estimation
9.3.2.1. Workers exposure
The worker exposure estimates for the activities associated with this use of tetrachloroethylene have been assessed using ECETOC TRA v2, unless stated differently (see appendix X).
Assessment parameter default values:
Fugacity: medium
Type of Use; industrial
Concentration: > 25 %
Local Exhaust Ventilation: none
Duration of Exposure: > 4 hours/dayRespiratory Protection Equipment: none
The ECETOC TRA v2 estimates task based exposure. The exposure estimates shown are representative for
activities lasting up to 8 hours. Due to the activity based character of this estimation tool, these exposure
estimates are thereby also representative for short term activities (e.g. 15 minutes to 1 hour). Therefore no short
term inhalation exposure estimates are calculated nor shown in the table below (indicated by n.a.), since the long
term (8 hour) estimate already covers the short term exposure.
Identifi
er*
Contributing
scenarios
PRO
C
Risk
Management
Measures
Inhalatory
exposure
(mg/m3)
Dermal
exposure
(mg/kg/day)
Dermal
exposur
e
(mg/cm
2)
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Lon
g
term
Acut
e
Lon
g
term
Acute
systemi
c
Acute
local
ES3-
W1
General
exposures
[CS1];
Use in
contained
systems
[CS38];
Continuous
process
[CS54];
Application of
cleaning
products in
closed systems
[CS101]
2 No other
specific
measures
identified
[EI20].
69.1 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES3-
W2
General
exposures
[CS1];
Use in
contained
batch processes
[CS37];
Application of
cleaning
products in
closed systems
[CS101]
2 No other
specific
measures
identified
[EI20].
69.1 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES3-
W3
Material
transfers
[CS3];
Manual
[CS34].
4 Provide a good
standard of
general
ventilation (not
less than 3-5 air
changes per
hour) [E11]
96.7 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES3-
W4
Finishing
operations
[CS102];
Treatment by
heating
[CS129].
6 Provide extract
ventilation to
points where
emissions occur
[E54].
34.5 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES3-
W5
Material
transfers
[CS3];
Drum/batch
transfers
[CS8];
With local
8b Ensure material
transfers are
under
containment or
extract
ventilation
[E66].
10.4 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
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exhaust
ventilation
[CS109]
ES3-
W6
Material
transfers
[CS3];
Drum/batch
transfers
[CS8].
8b ]Avoid carrying
out activities
involving
exposure for
more than 1
hour [OC27].
69.1 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES3-
W7
Material
transfers
[CS3];
Drum/batch
transfers
[CS8];
(closed
systems)
[CS107]
2 No other
specific
measures
identified
[EI20].
69.1 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES3-
W8
Equipment
cleaning and
maintenance
[CS39].
8a Drain down
system prior to
equipment
break-in or
maintenance
[E65].
69.1 n.a. 13.7 n.a. n.a.
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
9.3.2.2. Consumer exposure
Not applicable.
9.3.2.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment (oral)
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
9.3.2.4. Environmental exposure
Industrial dry cleaning is carried out in continuous and batch processes: continuous wool
scouring and industrial cleaning of weaved textile, as well as dry-cleaning in batch mode
A: Wool scouring
Wool scouring is made in an industrial degreasing machine. Emissions from the machine are
described in a simplified scheme described by Wooltech (BAT, 2003). As described in this
publication, the machine is equipped with:
A solvent evaporation system to recycle the solvent within the machine
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a vapour recovery unit for solvent laden air leaving the wool dryer (refrigerated
primary collection system followed by activated carbon adsorption recovery system)
solvent destruction unit to remove the solvent from water originating from the wool
moisture by using an improved Fenton effect, effective in eliminating all traces of
solvent from water by oxidizing/de-halogenations. An alternative technology would be
treatment with activated carbon filters. The residual concentration in water is < 0.1
ppm with 100L released to wastewater (1E-5 kg/d).
Release to air: Emissions from the machine amount to 0.01 kg/h to air, which amount to 0.1
kg/d considering 10 working hours per day. The RMM efficiency of the three techniques
described above is 99.99%, calculated as a percent of release 0.01 kg/h to air to the 5000 kg/h
used in the machine.
Release to water: To avoid any risk of diffuse emissions, the water stream is treated in two
steps, comprising a solvent air stripping unit and a residual solvent destruction unit or
activated carbon treatment
In the first step, most of the small proportion of solvent in fleece and steam moisture is
removed by heating the water and stripping it with air in the Solvent Air Stripping Unit. The
small flow of solvent is recovered by condensing it and then by passing it through the Vapour
Recovery Unit.
In the second step, a free radical process based on Fenton’s reaction (a redox reaction between
iron and hydrogen peroxide) is used to remove the traces of solvent left after stripping in
fleece and steam moisture., The residual solvent destruction unit, based on the improved
Fenton effect, is effective in eliminating all traces of solvent from water by oxidizing/de-
halogenating, thereby destroying the solvent molecules. The solvent is broken down into
chloride ions, carbon dioxide and water upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Provision is
allowed to ensure the water is neutralized prior to discharge. The fine detail of the destruction
process is confidential; however processes that use the improved Fenton effect are well
established. In conclusion, emissions to water will be zero. An alternative technology would
be treatment with activated carbon filters. The residual concentration in water is < 0.1 ppm
with 100L released to wastewater (1E-5 kg/d). An alternative technology would be treatment
with activated carbon filters. The residual concentration in water is < 0.1 ppm with 100L
released to wastewater (1E-5 kg/d).
B: Industrial cleaning of weaved textile
The industrial cleaning of weaved textile is a continuous process, which consists of the
scouring or dry cleaning step and the thermal finishing step. Air from the dry cleaning
machine is lead through a carbon filter and brought back into the machine. After the finishing
step, the textile may contain residual tetrachloroethylene.
Release to air: Emissions to air after the finishing step can amount to 0.4 g/kg textile.
Considering a maximal and continuous production volume of 900kg textile per hour and the
maximal emission of tetrachloroethylene to air are 8.64 kg/d.
Release to water: The only source of water would be condensed water building up in the
machine. The machines are not connected to the sewer; therefore water in the system would
be decanted. If the volume of water from the decanter is below 1 liter, it is disposed as waste
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and evaporates (0.5L/d/machine water saturated with tetrachloroethylene), which can amounts
to residual emission of 3g/d to air.
If the water flow is greater, the water will be subject to air stripping lowering
tetrachloroethylene concentration to a maximum of 1 mg/L. Additional treatment with
activated carbon filters reduce emissions to water to 0.005 kg/d, based on 10 working hours
(BAT, 2003) and discharge at rate<0.5g/h.
C: Industrial dry cleaning in batch mode
Dry cleaning of textile can be carried out in facilities equipped of several dry cleaning
machines operating in batch mode. The site would have to comply to the VOC directive with
maximum emissions of 20 g/kg textile. The emissions were calculated for a site equipped with
10 type IV machine according to ECSA (European Chlorinated Solvent Association, Brussels,
Belgium). Emissions for single machines are derived from the assessment presented in the
existing EU risk assessment.
Type machine (according to ECSA) IV
WATER EMISSIONS
Machine type units
closed circuit with activated
carbon filters
Release from contact water
Contact water produced L/100 kg textile 5
Typical through put kg textile / day 100
Contact water L/day 5
Solubility mg/L 149
Amount of PER in contact water g/100 kg textile 0.745
Release from filter regeneration
Water use for filter regeneration L 5
concentration in water mg/L 0.1
Amount of PER from filter reg g/100 kg textile 0.0005
Total PER emitted to water g/100 kg textile 0.7455
Number of machines - 10
Daily emission of tetrachloroethylene to water kg/day 7.5E-03
AIR EMISSIONS
assumed emission to air g/kg textile 5
Typical daily through put kg textiles /day 100
assumed emission to air kg/d 0.5
Working days d 365
air emission per year per machine kg/y 182.5
number of machine - 10
local air emissions kg/d 5
Emissions are 5 kg/d to air and 7.5 E-3 kg/d to water
Worst case emissions for the use of tetrachloroethylene in industrial dry cleaning are releases
of 8.64 kg/d to air based residual emissions from the textiles and 7.5 E-3 kg/d to water from
cumulative emissions to water from industrial dry cleaning in batch mode.
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Identifier ES3-E1
Narrative Based on reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the textile industry (2003) and data from manufacturer of textile dry-cleaning machine
Release fraction to air from process -
Release fraction to wastewater from process -
Release fraction to soil from process (regional only) -
Local release to air (kg/d) 5.00E+00
Local release to water (kg/d) 7.50E-03
Local release to soil (kg/d) 0
Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%)
92.6
Total efficiency of removal from air emissions (%) 99.99
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow (m3/d) 2000
The maximum allowable site tonnage (MSafe) based on removal
from domestic sewage treatment (kg/d)
Scaling
The downstream user can check the compliance of his site by comparing site specific data with defaults used in the exposure assessment. The site specific quotient should be inferior or equal to the SpERC quotient.
Not applicable as the exposure is generic and applies to the largest manufacturing capacity
mspERC: Susbstance use rate in spERC
EER,spERC: Efficacy of RMM in spERC
Frelease,,spERC: Initial release fraction in spERC
DFspERC: dilution factor of STP effluent in river
msite: Susbstance use rate at site
EER,site: Efficacy of RMM at site
Frelease,,site: Initial release fraction at site
DFsite: dilution factor of STP effluent in river
9.3.2.4.1.1 Predicted exposure concentrations in aquatic the STP and in aquatic compartments
(freshwater, seawater and sediment)
Local Concentration, Compartment: STP and aquatic unit ES3-E1
PEC for microorganisms in STP mg/L 2.780E-04
Local PEC in surface water during emission episode (dissolved) mg/L 4.426E-05
Annual average local PEC in surface water (dissolved) mg/L 3.931E-05
Local PEC in fresh water sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 7.833E-04
Local PEC in sea water during emission episode mg/L 4.459E-06
Annual average local PEC in sea water (dissolved) mg/L 3.964E-06
site
siterelease,siteER,site
spERC
spERCrelease,spERCER,spERC
DF
F*)E-(1*m
DF
F*)E-(1*m
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Local PEC in marine sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 7.892E-05
Comments
9.3.2.4.1.2 Predicted exposure concentration in soils
Local Concentration, Compartment: soil unit ES3-E1
Local PEC in agricultural soil, averaged over 30 days mg/kg dwt 3.76E-03
Local PEC agricultural soil, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 3.72E-03
Local PEC in grass land, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 3.34E-03
Comments
9.3.2.4.3 Predicted exposure concentration in the atmospheric compartment
Local Concentration, Compartment: air unit ES3-E1
Annual average local PEC in air (total) mg/m3 1.552E-03
Comments
9.3.2.4.4. Predicted exposure concentration in food for secondary poisoning
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
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9.4. Exposure scenario 4: Professional use in dry cleaning
9.4.1. Exposure scenario
Section 1 Exposure Scenario Title
Title Professional use in dry cleaning
Sector of Use SU22
Process Category PROC2, PROC4, PROC8a, PROC8b
Product Category n/a
Article Category n/a
Environmental release Category ERC8A, ERC8D
Specific environmental release category
-
Processes, tasks, activities covered
Use of substance in professional dry cleaning, including material transfers and maintenance
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.1 Control of worker exposure
Product characteristics
Physical form of product Liquid
Volatility Medium volatility
Concentration of substance in product
Up to 100%
Operational conditions
Amounts used Not relevant for this scenario
Frequency and duration of use Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours (unless stated) [OC1]
Human factors not influenced
by risk management
None identified for this scenario.
Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure
Assumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented [G1]; Assumes activities are at ambient temperature (unless stated differently) [G17].
Risk Management Measures For detailed information on this Exposure Scenario, refer to appendix X.
Identifier* Contributing Scenarios PROC Risk Management Measures
ES4-W1
General exposures [CS1]; Use in contained batch processes
[CS37]; Application of cleaning products
in closed systems [CS101]
2 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
ES4-W2
Material transfers [CS3]; Manual [CS34].
4 Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
ES4-W3
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
With local exhaust ventilation [CS109]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
ES4-W4
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers [CS8].
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
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ES4-W5
Material transfers [CS3]. ; Drum/batch transfers [CS8]. ;
(closed systems) [CS107]
2 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
ES4-W6
Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374 [PPE15].
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES.
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management
measures
Section 2.2 Control of environmental exposure
Identifier ES4-E1
Contributing scenario Professional dry cleaning
Environmental Release Category ERC8A
Specific ERC -
Assessment scenario Closed dry cleaning machines
Operational Conditions
Amounts used
Amounts used in the EU (tonnes/year) 12'408
Fraction of EU tonnage used in region 0.1
Fraction of main source to local environment 0.000017 based on 58310 machine in Europe
Fraction of substance in end-use products 1
Maximum daily site tonnage (kg/day) -
Frequency and duration of use
Type of release continuous
Emission days (days/year) 365
Site specific monitoring data results for surface water effluent
Location of sample
Environmental factors not influenced by risk management
Local freshwater dilution factor 10 (default)
Local marine water dilution factor 100 (default)
Other given operational conditions affecting environmental
exposure
Risk Management Measures
Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to
prevent release
ECSA Type 3 machine, activated carbon filters, refrigeration cooling
Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit
discharges, air emissions and releases to soil
Treat air emissions to provide a typical removal efficiency of (%)
-
ERMM1: Typical onsite wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
ERMM2: Typical municipal wastewater treatment technology
provides degradation efficiency of (%)
STP: 3 Estimated substance removal from
wastewater via domestic sewage treatment (%): 92.6 (default from Simple treat model)
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Treat wastewater (prior to discharge to receiving water) to provide the required removal efficiency of (%) ETotal,RMM = 1 – ((1 –ERMM, 1) x (1 – ERMM,2))
STP4: Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%): 92.6
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site Prevent leaks and the soil/water pollution caused by leaks.
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage
treatment plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of
waste for disposal
Dispose of waste solvent and used containers according to local regulations. Dispose of waste or used sacks/containers according to local regulations.
Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste Storage of finished products in closed containers (e.g., bulk tanks,, drums, cans). Incinerate, absorb, or adsorb vapours stripped from solution whenever necessary.
Other environmental control measures additional to above
9.4.2. Exposure estimation
9.4.2.1. Workers exposure
The worker exposure estimates for the activities associated with this use of tetrachloroethylene have
been assessed using ECETOC TRA v2, unless stated differently (see appendix X).
Assessment parameter default values:Fugacity: medium
Type of Use; professional
Concentration: > 25 %
Local Exhaust Ventilation: none
Duration of Exposure: > 4 hours/day
Respiratory Protection Equipment: none
The ECETOC TRA v2 estimates task based exposure. The exposure estimates shown are representative for activities lasting up to 8 hours. Due to the activity based character of this estimation tool, these
exposure estimates are thereby also representative for short term activities (e.g. 15 minutes to 1 hour).
Therefore no short term inhalatory exposure estimates are calculated nor shown in the table below
(indicated by n.a.), since the long term (8 hour) estimate already covers the short term exposure.
Inhalatory
exposure
(mg/m3)
Dermal exposure
(mg/kg/day)
Dermal
exposure
(mg/cm2)
Identifier
*
Contributing scenarios PROC Risk Management
Measures
Long
term
Acute Long
term
Acute
systemic
Acute
local
ES4-W1
General exposures [CS1];
Use in contained batch processes [CS37];
Application of cleaning products in closed systems [CS101]
2 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
96.7 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES4-W2
Material transfers [CS3];
Manual [CS34].
4 Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
69.1 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES4-W3
Material transfers [CS3];
Drum/batch transfers
[CS8]; With local exhaust ventilation [CS109]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or
extract ventilation [E66].
34.5 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
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PRODUCTO: PERCLOROETILENO
ES4-W4
Material transfers [CS3];
Drum/batch transfers
[CS8].
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more
than 1 hour [OC27].
69.1 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES4-W5
Material transfers [CS3];
Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
(closed systems) [CS107]
2 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
96.7 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES4-W6
Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes
per hour) [E11]Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374 [PPE15].
96.7 n.a. 2.7 n.a. n.a.
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
9.4.2.2. Consumer exposure
Not applicable.
9.4.2.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment (oral)
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary
poisoning can be considered negligible.
9.4.2.4. Environmental exposure
Dry cleaning of textiles with tetrachloroethylene has been carried for decades with
evolving technologies to reduce exposure at the workplace, as well as minimise
emissions to the environment. The Solvent Directive (1999/13/EC) required Member
States of the EU to implement controls on the emissions of volatile organic
compounds. For dry cleaning, the equipment is required to meet emission rate below
20 g of tetrachloroethylene for every kilogram of product cleaned and dried.
Based on data provided by ECSA, there are only few open machines (type I and II) in
operation in 2010. 58% of the machines are closed machines with refrigeration
cooling without exhaust air (type III) and 22 % are machines with refrigeration
cooling and activated carbon (type IV). Considering that type III machine are the most
widely used, a worst case assessment will be carried out assuming that all 58310
machines operating in the EU are Type III.
Machine Technology split 2009/2010 (source CINET)
Total machines in 2010: (in 2000: 56570/100%) 58.310
Type 1 in 2010: (in 2000: 4025/7%) 2.160
Type 2 in 2010: (in 2000: 6650/12%) 4.430
Type 3 in 2010: (in 2000: 34260/61%) 34.040
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Type 4 in 2010: (in 2000: 11635/21%) 12.710
Type 5 in 2010: (in 2000: not available) 4.275
Type 6 in 2010: (in 2000: not available) 695
Releases to air were derived from data provided in the Annex to tetrachloroethylene
risk assessment report (2001). Considering 100 kg of textile cleaned per day and 20g
of solvent/kg of textile are released, the local release to air is 2 kg/d.
Release to water was determined in the EU risk assessment report for
tetrachloroethylene (2005). The amount of contact water in closed system is
calculated for a typical daily throughput of 100 kg textiles. The average amount of
contact water produced is between 2 to 5 litres per 100kg of clothes cleaned. It
assumed that contact water is saturated up to the solubility limit of tetrachloroethylene
(149mg/L). Daily emissions to water are: Ewater contact water (g/d) = Volume of
contact (L/day)* Solubility (mg/L) *1000
Units closed circuit
Contact water produced L/100 kg textile 5
Typical through put kg textile / day 100
Contact water L/day 5
Solubility mg/L 149
Amount of tetrachloroethylene in contact
water g/d 0.745
Assuming a release of 5L per day of contact water saturated with tetrachloroethylene
(solubility 149 mg/L), emissions to water amount to 7.5E-4 kg/d.
Tetrachloroethylene might be emitted to water during the activated filter regeneration.
The activated carbon filters are regenerated with a flow of hot air in a closed cycle
(with no air emissions). Condensed solvent is recycled to the machine. Separate water
is not discharge to the sewer, but subject to treatment with activated carbon prior to
discharge (<0.1 ppm, max 5 litres/d). The treated water is directed to waste
containers. In worst cases, residual solvent content from the treated water may
evaporate to air, which would correspond to 0.5 mg/d on the day of the filter
regeneration. The emissions during filter regeneration are insignificant compared to
emissions during dry-cleaning.
As stated in the EU risk assessment (2001), solid residues may be produced during
dry cleaning due to collection of fabric dust, distillation sludge and use of cartridge
filters. Organisation & Environment (1991) estimated losses of solvent to solid waste
as 1.76 kg/100 kg clothes for all machine types, which give a total loss to solid
residues of 6,825 tons/year from closed machines. These amounts are not released
directly to the environment, as they are disposed as waste.
The input for the EcetocTRA model are 7.5 E-4 kg/d to water 2 kg/d to air during 365
d with a fraction of the main source derived from the total number of machines in the
EU: 58310, Fmain= 1/5831=0.000017.
Identifier ES4-E1
Narrative Emission based on EU risk assessment for closed machine
Release fraction to air from process
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Release fraction to wastewater from process
Release fraction to soil from process (regional only)
Local release to air (kg/d) 2.00E+00
Local release to water (kg/d) 7.45E-04
Local release to soil (kg/d) 0.00E+00
Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%)
92.6
Total efficiency of removal from air emissions (%)
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow (m3/d) 2000
The maximum allowable site tonnage (MSafe) based on removal from domestic sewage treatment (kg/d)
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9.4.2.4.1 Predicted exposure concentrations in aquatic the STP and in aquatic compartments
(freshwater, seawater and sediment)
Local Concentration, Compartment: STP and aquatic unit ES4-E1
PEC for microorganisms in STP mg/L 2.780E-05
Local PEC in surface water during emission episode (dissolved) mg/L 1.924E-05
Annual average local PEC in surface water (dissolved) mg/L 1.924E-05
Local PEC in fresh water sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 3.406E-04
Local PEC in sea water during emission episode mg/L 1.957E-06
Annual average local PEC in sea water (dissolved) mg/L 1.957E-06
Local PEC in marine sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 3.464E-05
Comments
9.4.2.4.3 Predicted exposure concentration in soils
Local Concentration, Compartment: soil unit ES4-E1
Local PEC in agricultural soil, averaged over 30 days mg/kg dwt 5.678E-05
Local PEC agricultural soil, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 5.211E-05
Local PEC in grass land, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 1.460E-05
Comments
9.4.2.4.3 Predicted exposure concentration in the atmospheric compartment
Local Concentration, Compartment: air unit ES4-E1
Annual average local PEC in air (total) mg/m3 4.090E-04
Comments
9.4.2.4.4 Predicted exposure concentration in food for secondary poisoning
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
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9.5. Exposure scenario 5: Industrial use in surface cleaning
9.5.1. Exposure scenario
Section 1 Exposure Scenario Title
Title Industrial use in surface cleaning
Sector of Use SU3
Process Category PROC2, PROC3, PROC8a, PROC8b, PROC13
Product Category n/a
Article Category n/a
Environmental release Category ERC4
Specific environmental release category
-
Processes, tasks, activities
covered
Use in industrial surface cleaning, including material transfers, storage and maintenance
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.1 Control of worker exposure
Product characteristics
Physical form of product Liquid
Volatility Medium volatility
Concentration of substance in product
Up to 100%
Operational conditions
Amounts used Not relevant for this scenario
Frequency and duration of use Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours (unless stated) [OC1]
Human factors not influenced by risk management
None identified for this scenario.
Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure
Assumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented [G1]; Assumes activities are at ambient temperature (unless stated differently) [G17].
Risk Management Measures For detailed information on this Exposure Scenario, refer to appendix X.
Identifier* Contributing Scenarios PROC Risk Management Measures
ES5-W1
General exposures [CS1]; Use in contained batch processes
[CS37]. ; Application of cleaning products
in closed systems [CS101]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES5-W2
General exposures [CS1];
Use in contained batch processes [CS37];
Application of cleaning products in closed systems [CS101];
With local exhaust ventilation [CS109]
3 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5
air changes per hour) [E11]
ES5-W3
Material transfers [CS3];
Manual [CS34].
13 Avoid carrying out operation for more than 1 hour [OC11]
ES5-W4
Material transfers [CS3]; Manual [CS34]. ; With local exhaust ventilation [CS109]
13 Provide extract ventilation to points where emissions occur [E54].
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ES5-W5
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
With local exhaust ventilation
[CS109]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
ES5-W6
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers [CS8].
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
ES5-W7
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
(closed systems) [CS107]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES5-W8
Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.2 Control of environmental exposure
Product characteristics Substance is predominantly hydrophobic. Not biodegradable.
Identifier* ES5-E1 ES5-E2
Contributing scenario Metal degreasing: closed system Metal degreasing: semi-open systems
Environmental Release Category ERC4 ERC4
Specific ERC - -
Assessment scenario
Operational Conditions
Amounts used
Amounts used in the EU (tonnes/year) 8445 2436
Fraction of EU tonnage used in region 0.1 0.1
Fraction of main source to local environment
0.00048 ( based on 2063 machines in the EU, ECSA)
0.000546 (based on 1830 machines in the EU, ECSA)
Fraction of substance in end-use products
1 1
Maximum daily site tonnage (kg/day) - -
Frequency and duration of use
Type of release continuous continuous
Emission days (days/year) 300 300
Site specific monitoring data results
for surface water effluent
Location of sample
Environmental factors not influenced
by risk management
Local freshwater dilution factor 10 (default) 10 (default)
Local marine water dilution factor 100 (default) 100 (default)
Other given operational conditions
affecting environmental exposure
Risk Management Measures
Technical conditions and measures at
process level (source) to prevent
release
Activated carbon filter for air treatment Activated carbon filter for air treatment
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Technical onsite conditions and
measures to reduce or limit
discharges, air emissions and releases
to soil
All waste water must be processed in an municipal wastewater treatment plant. The wastewater treatment plant must
incorporate both primary and secondary treatments.
All waste water must be processed in an municipal wastewater treatment plant. The wastewater
treatment plant must incorporate both primary and secondary treatments.
Treat air emissions to provide a typical removal efficiency of (%)
Not applicable Not applicable
ERMM1: Typical onsite wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
ERMM2: Typical municipal wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
STP: 3 Estimated substance removal from wastewater via domestic sewage treatment (%): 92.6 (default from Simple treat model)
STP: 3 Estimated substance removal from wastewater via domestic sewage treatment (%): 92.6 (default from Simple treat model)
Treat wastewater (prior to discharge to receiving water) to provide the required removal efficiency of (%) ETotal,RMM = 1 – ((1 – ERMM, 1) x (1 – ERMM,2))
STP4: Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%): 92.6
STP4: Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%): 92.6
Organizational measures to
prevent/limit release from site
Site should have a spill plan to ensure that adequate safeguards are in place to minimize the impact of episodic releases.
Site should have a spill plan to ensure that adequate safeguards are in place to minimize the impact of
episodic releases.
Conditions and measures related to
municipal sewage treatment plant
Primary and secondary treatments. Primary and secondary treatments.
Conditions and measures related to
external treatment of waste for
disposal
Land spreading of sludge acceptable Land spreading of sludge acceptable
Conditions and measures related to
external recovery of waste
Storage of finished products in closed containers (e.g., bulk tanks,, drums, cans). Incinerate, absorb, or adsorb vapours stripped from solution whenever necessary.
Storage of finished products in closed containers (e.g., bulk tanks,, drums, cans). Incinerate, absorb, or adsorb vapours stripped from solution whenever necessary.
Other environmental control
measures additional to above
9.5.2. Exposure estimation
9.5.2.1. Workers exposure
The worker exposure estimates for the activities associated with this use of tetrachloroethylene have
been assessed using ECETOC TRA v2, unless stated differently (see appendix X).
Assessment parameter default values:
Fugacity: medium
Type of Use; industrial
Concentration: > 25 %
Local Exhaust Ventilation: none
Duration of Exposure: > 4 hours/day
Respiratory Protection Equipment: none
The ECETOC TRA v2 estimates task based exposure. The exposure estimates shown are representative
for activities lasting up to 8 hours. Due to the activity based character of this estimation tool, these
exposure estimates are thereby also representative for short term activities (e.g. 15 minutes to 1 hour).
Therefore no short term inhalatory exposure estimates are calculated nor shown in the table below
(indicated by n.a.), since the long term (8 hour) estimate already covers the short term exposure.
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Inhalatory
exposure
(mg/m3)
Dermal exposure
(mg/kg/day)
Dermal
exposure
(mg/cm2)
Identifier* Contributing scenarios PROC Risk Management
Measures
Long
term
Acute Long
term
Acute
systemic
Acute
local
ES5-W1
General exposures [CS1]; Use in contained batch
processes [CS37] ; Application of cleaning
products in closed systems [CS101]
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
69.1 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES5-W2
General exposures [CS1]; Use in contained batch
processes [CS37]. ; Application of cleaning
products in closed systems [CS101];
With local exhaust ventilation [CS109]
3 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
120.9 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES5-W3
Material transfers [CS3]; Manual [CS34].
13 Avoid carrying out operation for more than 1 hour [OC11]
69.1 n.a. 13.7 n.a. n.a.
ES5-W4
Material transfers [CS3]; Manual [CS34];
With local exhaust
ventilation [CS109]
13 Provide extract ventilation to points where
emissions occur [E54].
34.5 n.a. 13.7 n.a. n.a.
ES5-W5
Material transfers [CS3]; Drum/batch transfers
[CS8]; With local exhaust ventilation [CS109]
8b Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
10.4 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES5-W6
Material transfers [CS3] ; Drum/batch transfers
[CS8].
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
69.1 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES5-W7
Material transfers [CS3] ; Drum/batch transfers
[CS8]; (closed systems) [CS107]
2 No other specific measures
identified [EI20].
69.1 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES5-W8
Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].
69.1 n.a. 13.7 n.a. n.a.
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES.
9.5.2.2. Consumer exposure
Not applicable.
9.5.2.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment (oral)
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary
poisoning can be considered negligible.
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9.5.2.4. Environmental exposure
Metal degreasing with tetrachloroethylene has been carried for decades with improving technologies to
reduce exposure at the workplace, as well as minimise emissions to the environment. The Solvent
Emission Directive (1999/13/EC) required Member States of the EU to implement controls on the
emissions of volatile organic compounds. In surface cleaning, installation consuming more than 1t/y must meet limits of 20 mg/m3 for stack emissions and 10-15% limits for fugitive emissions depending
on the size of the installation. Open machines and enclosed machine are no longer used following the
implementation of the Solvent Emission Directive. The assessment describes metal degreasing in semi
open and closed machines. Emissions to air were evaluated based on the finding of the PhD thesis from
Julia von Grote (Zurich, 2001), while emissions to water are based on technical knowledge of activated
carbon filter technology.
Release to airEmissions to air from metal degreasing machines were described in the thesis published by von Grote
(2000). Semi open machines correspond to type IV machines and closed machines to type V machines.
There are several types of emissions: diffuse emission from the machines, continuous emission from
the evaporation of residual solvent from treated metal and periodic emissions from loading/unloading
of the machines.
Emission = Ec1+Ec2+EpEc1 = diffuse emissions (g/h)* working hours (h)
Ec2= continuous emissions for
Batch time=0.5 h
Ep= Periodic emission factor* nb of batches
a=1.5*batch timemax 12 working hours of the
machine number of batches
Type V machines 0.5 0.75 12 24.0
Type iV machines 0.33 0.50 12 36.4
Diffuse emission
Continuous emission factor
from cleaned plates
Periodic emission
factor Ep Total emissions
Ec1 Ec2 Ep
g/h g/h for period a g kg/d
Type V machines 8.30E+00 3.03E+01 1.30E+00 0.7
Type iV machines 1.33E+01 6.06E+01 5.21E+01 3.1
Release to water: Closed metal degreasing machines operate in closed system (type V)
and are not connected to the sewer; therefore there are no direct emissions to water.
Small amounts of water are introduced with the metal plates and results in the presence
of condensed water in the machine, which is decanted. If the volume of water from the
decanter is below 1 liter, it is often disposed of by letting it evaporate (0.5L/d/machine
water saturated with tetrachloroethylene), which can amounts to residual emission of
3g/d to air. If the water flow is greater, the water will be treated with air stripping (<1
ppm, max 100 l/d). Emissions to water are 100 mg/d or 1*10-4
kg/d. Alternatively, the
water may be disposed of by adding it to the waste (spend solvent) from the distillation
sump of the cleaning machine. This spent solvent is send to a recycler for disposal /
recycling.
Identifier ES5-E1 ES5-E2
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Narrative Emission based on the PhD thesis of von Grote (2003)
Emission based on the PhD thesis of von Grote (2003)
Release fraction to air from process
Release fraction to wastewater from process
Release fraction to soil from process (regional only)
Local release to air (kg/d) 0.7 3.1
Local release to water (kg/d) 1.00E-04 1.00E-04
Local release to soil (kg/d) 0 0
Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment
plant) RMMs (%)
92.6 92.6
Total efficiency of removal from air emissions (%)
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow (m3/d) 2000 2000
The maximum allowable site tonnage (MSafe)based on removal from domestic sewage
treatment (kg/d)
9.5.2.4.1. Predicted exposure concentrations in aquatic the STP and in aquatic compartments
(freshwater, seawater and sediment)
Local Concentration, Compartment: STP and aquatic unit ES5-E1 ES5-E2
PEC for microorganisms in STP mg/L 3.71E-06 3.71E-06
Local PEC in surface water during emission episode (dissolved) mg/L 1.68E-05 1.68E-05
Annual average local PEC in surface water (dissolved) mg/L 1.68E-05 1.68E-05
Local PEC in fresh water sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 2.98E-04 2.98E-04
Local PEC in sea water during emission episode mg/L 1.72E-06 1.72E-06
Annual average local PEC in sea water (dissolved) mg/L 1.71E-06 1.71E-06
Local PEC in marine sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 3.04E-05 3.04E-05
Comments
9.5.2.4.2. Predicted exposure concentration in soils
Local Concentration, Compartment: soil unit ES5-E1 ES5-E2
Local PEC in agricultural soil, averaged over 30 days mg/kg dwt 4.62E-04 2.01E-03
Local PEC agricultural soil, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 4.62E-04 2.01E-03
Local PEC in grass land, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 4.61E-04 2.02E-03
Comments
9.5.2.4.3. Predicted exposure concentration in the atmospheric compartment
Local Concentration, Compartment: air unit ES5-E1 ES5-E2
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Annual average local PEC in air (total) mg/m3 5.69E-04 1.12E-03
Comments
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9.5.2.4.4. Predicted exposure concentration in food for secondary poisoning
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
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9.6. Exposure scenario 6: Industrial use in heat transfer media
9.6.1. Exposure scenario
Section 1 Exposure Scenario Title
Title Industrial use in heat transfer media
Sector of Use SU3
Process Category PROC1, PROC3, PROC8a
Product Category n/a
Article Category n/a
Environmental release Category ERC 7
Specific environmental release category
-
Processes, tasks, activities
covered
Industrial use of substance in heat transfer media, including material transfers (no filling) and
equipment cleaning and maintenance.
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.1 Control of worker exposure
Product characteristics
Physical form of product Liquid
Volatility Medium volatility
Concentration of substance in
product
Up to 100%
Operational conditions
Amounts used Not relevant for this scenario
Frequency and duration of use Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours (unless stated) [OC1]
Human factors not influenced by risk management
None identified for this scenario.
Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure
Assumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented [G1]; Assumes activities are at ambient temperature (unless stated differently) [G17].
Risk Management Measures For detailed information on this Exposure Scenario, refer to appendix X.
Identifier* Contributing Scenarios PROC Risk Management Measures
ES6-W1
General exposures (closed systems) [CS15].
1 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES6-W2
Material transfers [CS3];Use in contained batch
processes [CS37].
3 Drain down and flush system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E55].
ES6-W3
Cleaning [CS47]; (closed systems) [CS107]
3 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]; or;Ensure operation is undertaken outdoors [E69].
ES6-W4
Material transfers [CS3]. 3 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]; or:Ensure operation is undertaken outdoors [E69].
ES6-W5
Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].
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ES6-W6
Storage [CS67]; (closed systems) [CS107]
1 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management
measures
Section 2.2 Control of environmental exposure
Identifier ES6-E1
Contributing scenario Heat transfer media
Environmental Release Category ERC7
Specific ERC -
Assessment scenario Based on technical knowledge
Operational Conditions
Amounts used
Amounts used in the EU (tonnes/year) 200
Fraction of EU tonnage used in region 1
Fraction of main source to local environment 1.00E-02
Fraction of substance in end-use products 1
Maximum daily site tonnage (kg/day) -
Frequency and duration of use
Type of release Release only when emptying the system
Emission days (days/year) 20
Site specific monitoring data results for surface water
effluent Not applicable
Location of sample Not applicable
Environmental factors not influenced by risk
management
Local freshwater dilution factor 10 (default)
Local marine water dilution factor 100 (default)
Other given operational conditions affecting
environmental exposure
Risk Management Measures
Vapour Recovery UnitTechnical conditions and measures at process level
(source) to prevent release Activated carbon filter
Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or
limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil
Process is closed system
Treat air emissions to provide a typical removal efficiency of (%)
ERMM1: Typical onsite wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
Not applicable
ERMM2: Typical municipal wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
Not applicable
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Treat wastewater (prior to discharge to receiving water) to provide the required removal efficiency of (%) ETotal,RMM = 1 – ((1 – ERMM, 1) x (1 – ERMM,2))
Not applicable
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from
site
Site should have a spill plan
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage
treatment plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of
waste for disposal
Conditions and measures related to external recovery of
waste
Other environmental control measures additional to
above
9.6.2. Exposure estimation
9.6.2.1. Workers exposure
The worker exposure estimates for the activities associated with this use of tetrachloroethylene have been assessed using ECETOC TRA v2, unless stated differently (see appendix X).
Assessment parameter default values:
Fugacity: medium
Type of Use; industrial
Concentration: > 25 %
Local Exhaust Ventilation: none
Duration of Exposure: > 4 hours/dayRespiratory Protection Equipment: none
The ECETOC TRA v2 estimates task based exposure. The exposure estimates shown are representative for
activities lasting up to 8 hours. Due to the activity based character of this estimation tool, these exposure
estimates are thereby also representative for short term activities (e.g. 15 minutes to 1 hour). Therefore no short
term inhalatory exposure estimates are calculated nor shown in the table below (indicated by n.a.), since the long
term (8 hour) estimate already covers the short term exposure.
Inhalatory
exposure
(mg/m3)
Dermal exposure
(mg/kg/day)
Dermal
exposure
(mg/cm2)
Identifier* Contributing
scenarios
PROC Risk Management
Measures
Long
term
Acute Long
term
Acute
systemic
Acute
local
ES6-W1
General exposures (closed systems)
[CS15].
1 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
0.1 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES6-W2
Material transfers [CS3];
Use in contained batch processes
[CS37].
3 Drain down and flush system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E55].
34.5 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES6-W3
Cleaning [CS47]; (closed systems)
[CS107]
3 Provide a good standard of general
ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]; or;Ensure operation is undertaken outdoors [E69].
120.9 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES6-W4Material transfers
[CS3]. 3 Provide a good
standard of general 120.9 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
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ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]; or:
Ensure operation is undertaken outdoors [E69].
ES6-W5
Equipment cleaning and maintenance
[CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].
69.1 n.a. 13.7 n.a. n.a.
ES6-W6
Storage [CS67]; (closed systems)
[CS107]
1 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
0.1 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
9.6.2.2. Consumer exposure
Not applicable.
9.6.2.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment (oral)
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
9.6.2.4. Environmental exposure
High volumes of heat transfer fluid are pumped in a closed cooling system. The solvent
remains in the system for several years (40 years) after which it is recovered by a professional
recycling company. The exposure assessment covers the emissions from the emptying and
dismantling of heat transfer systems. The circuit is drained and then ventilated to remove
residual solvent in the pipes. Emissions during the emptying of the heat transfer system are
minimised by protecting the soil and fitting the recovery unit with vapour return lines. Air
ventilated in the system treated by activated carbon filtration to reduce the air concentration.
The ventilation of the circuit is stopped, when the concentration of the solvent in the air can
no longer be reduced by the activated carbon filter (0.1 ppm=0.67 mg/m3). Considering the
closed nature of the system, the RMMs in place during the unloading and dismantling of the
system, there are only residual emissions of tetrachloroethylene..
Assuming a volume of the cooling system of 30 m3 (Environmental Emission Scenarios for
biocides used as preservatives for liquid cooling systems, PT11, 2003), release to air is 2E-5
kg on the day where the system is opened.
IdentifierES6-E1
Narrative Based on exposure scenario document for biocide PT
11 on technical knowledge
Release fraction to air from process
Release fraction to wastewater from process
Release fraction to soil from process (regional only)
Local release to water (kg/d) 0 (n.b a release of 1e-20 instead of zero to avoid
model errors)
Local release to air (kg/d)2.05E-05
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Local release to soil (kg/d)0
Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and
offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%)
-
Total efficiency of removal from air emissions (%)99.99
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow (m3/d)
2000
The maximum allowable site tonnage (MSafe) based on
removal from domestic sewage treatment (kg/d)
9.6.2.4.1. Predicted exposure concentrations in aquatic the STP and in aquatic
compartments (freshwater, seawater and sediment)
Local Concentration, Compartment: STP and aquatic unit ES6-E1
PEC for microorganisms in STP mg/L 3.707E-22
Local PEC in surface water during emission episode (dissolved) mg/L 1.646E-05
Annual average local PEC in surface water (dissolved) mg/L 1.646E-05
Local PEC in fresh water sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 2.914E-04
Local PEC in sea water during emission episode mg/L 1.679E-06
Annual average local PEC in sea water (dissolved) mg/L 1.679E-06
Local PEC in marine sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 2.972E-05
Comments
9.6.2.4.2. Predicted exposure concentration in soils
Local Concentration, Compartment: soil unit ES6-E1
Local PEC in agricultural soil, averaged over 30 days mg/kg dwt 3.32E-06
Local PEC agricultural soil, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 3.32E-06
Local PEC in grass land, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 3.32E-06
Comments
9.6.2.4.3. Predicted exposure concentration in the atmospheric compartment
Local Concentration, Compartment: air unit ES6-E1
Annual average local PEC in air (total) mg/m3 4.0E-04
Comments
9.6.2.4.4. Predicted exposure concentration in food for secondary poisoning
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
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9.7. Exposure scenario 7: Professional use in film cleaning and copying
9.7.1. Exposure scenario
Section 1 Exposure Scenario Title
Title Professional use in film cleaning and copying
Sector of Use SU22
Process Category PROC2, PROC3, PROC4, PROC8a
Product Category n/a
Article Category n/a
Environmental release Category ERC7
Specific environmental release category
Processes, tasks, activities
covered
Use of substance in professional film cleaning and copying, including material transfers and
maintenance.
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.1 Control of worker exposure
Product characteristics
Physical form of product Liquid
Volatility Medium volatility
Concentration of substance in
product
Up to 100%
Operational conditions
Amounts used Not relevant for this scenario
Frequency and duration of use Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours (unless stated) [OC1]
Human factors not influenced by risk management
None identified for this scenario.
Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure
Assumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented [G1]. ; Assumes activities are at ambient temperature (unless stated differently) [G17].
Risk Management Measures For detailed information on this Exposure Scenario, refer to appendix X.
Identifier* Contributing Scenarios Process
Categories
Risk Management Measures
ES7-W1
General exposures [CS1]; Use in contained batch processes
[CS37]; With local exhaust ventilation
[CS109]
3 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
ES7-W2Material transfers [CS3];
Manual [CS34]. 4 Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1
hour [OC27].
ES7-W3
Material transfers [CS3];Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
(closed systems) [CS107]
2 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
ES7-W4
Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Wear a respirator conforming to EN140 with Type A filter or better. [PPE22]
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing
scenario of the ES.
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Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.2 Control of environmental exposure
Identifier ES7-E1
Contributing scenario Film copying
Environmental Release Category ERC7
Specific ERC -
Assessment scenario Based on process data
Operational Conditions
Amounts used
Amounts used in the EU (tonnes/year) 120
Fraction of EU tonnage used in region 1
Fraction of main source to local environment 2.00E-03
Fraction of substance in end-use products 1
Maximum daily site tonnage (kg/day) -
Frequency and duration of use
Type of release
Emission days (days/year) 20
Site specific monitoring data results for surface water
effluent Not applicable
Location of sample Not applicable
Environmental factors not influenced by risk
management
Local freshwater dilution factor 10 (default)
Local marine water dilution factor 100 (default)
Other given operational conditions affecting
environmental exposure
Risk Management Measures
Vapour Recovery UnitTechnical conditions and measures at process level
(source) to prevent release Activated carbon filter
Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or
limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil
Process is closed system
Treat air emissions to provide a typical removal efficiency of (%)
ERMM1: Typical onsite wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
Not applicable
ERMM2: Typical municipal wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
STP: 3 Estimated substance removal from wastewater via domestic sewage treatment (%): 92.6 (default from Simple treat model)
Treat wastewater (prior to discharge to receiving water) to
provide the required removal efficiency of (%) ETotal,RMM = 1 – ((1 – ERMM, 1) x (1 – ERMM,2))
STP4: Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite
and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%): 92.6
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from
site
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage
treatment plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment
of waste for disposal
Conditions and measures related to external recovery
of waste
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Other environmental control measures additional to
above
9.7.2. Exposure estimation
9.7.2.1. Workers exposure
The worker exposure estimates for the activities associated with this use of tetrachloroethylene have been
assessed using ECETOC TRA v2, unless stated differently (see appendix X).
Assessment parameter default values:
Fugacity: medium
Type of Use; professional
Concentration: > 25 %
Local Exhaust Ventilation: none
Duration of Exposure: > 4 hours/day
Respiratory Protection Equipment: none
The ECETOC TRA v2 estimates task based exposure. The exposure estimates shown are representative for
activities lasting up to 8 hours. Due to the activity based character of this estimation tool, these exposure
estimates are thereby also representative for short term activities (e.g. 15 minutes to 1 hour). Therefore no short
term inhalation exposure estimates are calculated nor shown in the table below (indicated by n.a.), since the long
term (8 hour) estimate already covers the short term exposure.
Inhalatory
exposure
(mg/m3)
Dermal exposure
(mg/kg/day)
Dermal
exposure
(mg/cm2)
Identifier* Contributing scenarios PROC Risk Management
Measures
Long
term
Acute Long
term
Acute
systemic
Acute
local
ES7-W1
General exposures [CS1];
Use in contained batch processes [CS37]; With local exhaust ventilation [CS109]
3 Provide a good standard of general ventilation
(not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
120.9 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a.
ES7-W2
Material transfers [CS3];
Manual [CS34].
4 Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than
1 hour [OC27].
69.1 n.a. 6.9 n.a. n.a.
ES7-W3
Material transfers [CS3];
Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
(closed systems) [CS107]
2 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]
96.7 n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a.
ES7-W4
Equipment cleaning and maintenance
[CS39].
8a Wear a respirator conforming to EN140 with Type A filter or better. [PPE22]
69.1 n.a. 13.7 n.a. n.a.
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES.
9.7.2.2. Consumer exposure
Not applicable.
9.7.2.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment (oral)
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The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
9.7.2.4. Environmental exposure
Film copying and cleaning handled in a closed system. Air emitted from the unit is directed
to an activated carbon filter; with a flow of 3500 m3/h. Residual emissions are below 20
mg/m3., therefore maximum emissions to air amount to 560 g/d The activated carbon filter is
regenerated once per week with steam, that is treated in the waster/solvent separation unit,
where solvent is recycled back to the solvent tank. Water containing residual
tetrachloroethylene is connected to an air stripping unit, where the solvent vapours are
directed to the air activated carbon unit, hence no emission to air. A maximum of 100L/d of
water on the day of the filter regeneration is emitted to the sewer with a maximum
concentration 1 mg/L. Total emissions from the machines are 100 mg/d to water and 560 g/d
to air.
Identifier ES6-E1
Narrative Based on technical knowledge
Release fraction to air from process 4.70E-01
Release fraction to wastewater from process 8.30E-06
Release fraction to soil from process (regional only) 0.00E+00
Local release to air (kg/d) 5.60E-01
Local release to water (kg/d) 1.00E-05
Local release to soil (kg/d) 0
Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%)
-
Total efficiency of removal from air
emissions (%) -
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant
flow (m3/d) 2000
The maximum allowable site tonnage (MSafe)based on removal from domestic sewage treatment (kg/d)
9.7.2.4.1. Predicted exposure concentrations in aquatic the STP and in aquatic
compartments (freshwater, seawater and sediment)
Local Concentration, Compartment: STP and aquatic unit ES7-E1
PEC for microorganisms in STP mg/L 3.707E-06
Local PEC in surface water during emission episode (dissolved) mg/L 1.68E-05
Annual average local PEC in surface water (dissolved) mg/L 1.65E-05
Local PEC in fresh water sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 2.98E-04
Local PEC in sea water during emission episode mg/L 1.72E-06
Annual average local PEC in sea water (dissolved) mg/L 1.68E-06
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Local PEC in marine sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 3.04E-05
Comments
9.7.2.4.2. Predicted exposure concentration in soils
Local Concentration, Compartment: soil unit ES7-E1
Local PEC in agricultural soil, averaged over 30 days mg/kg dwt 1.04E-05
Local PEC agricultural soil, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 9.75E-06
Local PEC in grass land, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 4.75E-06
Comments
9.7.2.4.3. Predicted exposure concentration in the atmospheric compartment
Local Concentration, Compartment: air unit ES7-E1
Annual average local PEC in air (total) mg/m3 4.091E-04
Comments
9.7.2.4.4. Predicted exposure concentration in food for secondary poisoning
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
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9.8. Exposure scenario 8: Distribution and (re)packing
9.8.1. Exposure scenario
Section 1 Exposure Scenario Title
Title Distribution and (re)packing
Sector of Use SU3
Process Category PROC2, PROC3, PROC8a, PROC8b, PROC9, PROC15
Product Category n/a
Article Category n/a
Environmental release Category ERC2
Specific environmental release category
Processes, tasks, activities covered
Distribution and repacking the substance in batch operations, including storage, materials transfers, large and small scale packing, sampling, maintenance and associated laboratory activities.
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.1 Control of worker exposure
Product characteristics
Physical form of product Liquid
Volatility Medium volatility
Concentration of substance in
product
Up to 100%
Operational conditions
Amounts used Not relevant for this scenario
Frequency and duration of use Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours (unless stated) [OC1]
Human factors not influenced by risk management
None identified for this scenario.
Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure
Assumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented [G1]; Assumes activities are at ambient temperature (unless stated differently) [G17].
Risk Management Measures For detailed information on this Exposure Scenario, refer to appendix X.
Identifier* Contributing Scenarios Process
Categories
Risk Management Measures
ES8-W1
Bulk transfers [CS14]; Dedicated facility [CS81]
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
ES8-W2Drum/batch transfers [CS8];
Dedicated facility [CS81]8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than
1 hour [OC27].
ES8-W3
Drum and small package filling [CS6];
Dedicated facility [CS81]
9 Ensure material transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
ES8-W4
Process sampling [CS2]; (closed systems) [CS107]
3 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes per hour) [E11]; or:Ensure operation is undertaken outdoors [E69].
ES8-W5Equipment cleaning and
maintenance [CS39]. 8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or
maintenance [E65].
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ES8-W6
Bulk product storage [CS85]; (closed systems) [CS107];
With sample collection [CS56].
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
ES8-W7Laboratory activities [CS36]. 15 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the
information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
Section 2 Operational conditions and risk management measures
Section 2.2 Control of environmental exposure
Identifier ES8-E1
Contributing scenario Distribution and (re)packing
Environmental Release Category ERC2
Specific ERC ESVOC 3
Assessment scenario
Operational Conditions
Amounts used
Amounts used in the EU (tonnes/year) 32'000
Fraction of EU tonnage used in region 1
Fraction of main source to local environment 2.00E-03
Fraction of substance in end-use products
Maximum daily site tonnage (kg/day) 210
Frequency and duration of use
Type of release
Emission days (days/year) 300
Site specific monitoring data results for surface water
effluent Not applicable
Location of sample Not applicable
Environmental factors not influenced by risk management
Local freshwater dilution factor 10 (default)
Local marine water dilution factor 100 (default)
Other given operational conditions affecting
environmental exposure
Risk Management Measures
Technical conditions and measures at process level
(source) to prevent release
Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or
limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil
Treat air emissions to provide a typical removal efficiency of (%) Not applicable
ERMM1: Typical onsite wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
Not applicable
ERMM2: Typical municipal wastewater treatment technology provides degradation efficiency of (%)
STP: 3 Estimated substance removal from wastewater via domestic sewage treatment (%): 92.6 (default from Simple treat model)
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Treat wastewater (prior to discharge to receiving water) to provide the required removal efficiency of (%) ETotal,RMM = 1 – ((1 – ERMM, 1) x (1 – ERMM,2))
STP4: Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%): 92.6
Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site
Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage
treatment plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of
waste for disposal
Conditions and measures related to external recovery of
waste
Other environmental control measures additional to above
9.8.2. Exposure estimation
9.8.2.1. Workers exposure
The worker exposure estimates for the activities associated with this use of tetrachloroethylene have been assessed using ECETOC TRA v2, unless stated differently (see appendix X).
Assessment parameter default values:
Fugacity: medium
Type of Use; industrial
Concentration: > 25 %
Local Exhaust Ventilation: none
Duration of Exposure: > 4 hours/dayRespiratory Protection Equipment: none
The ECETOC TRA v2 estimates task based exposure. The exposure estimates shown are representative for
activities lasting up to 8 hours. Due to the activity based character of this estimation tool, these exposure
estimates are thereby also representative for short term activities (e.g. 15 minutes to 1 hour). Therefore no short
term inhalation exposure estimates are calculated nor shown in the table below (indicated by n.a.), since the long
term (8 hour) estimate already covers the short term exposure.
Identifier* Inhalatory
exposure
(mg/m3)
Dermal exposure
(mg/kg/day)
Dermal
exposure
(mg/cm2)
Contributing scenarios PROC Risk Management
Measures
Long
term
Acut
e
Long
term
Acute
systemic
Acute
local
ES8-W1
Bulk transfers [CS14]; Dedicated facility [CS81]
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving
exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
69.08 n.a. 6.86 n.a. n.a.
ES8-W2
Drum/batch transfers [CS8]. ;
Dedicated facility [CS81]
8b Avoid carrying out activities involving exposure for more than 1 hour [OC27].
69.08 n.a. 6.86 n.a. n.a.
ES8-W3
Drum and small package
filling [CS6]. ; Dedicated facility [CS81]
9 Ensure material
transfers are under containment or extract ventilation [E66].
34.54 n.a. 6.86 n.a. n.a.
ES8-W4
Process sampling [CS2]. ;
(closed systems) [CS107]
3 Provide a good standard of general ventilation (not less than 3-5 air changes
per hour) [E11]; or:Ensure operation is
120.90 n.a. 0.34 n.a. n.a.
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undertaken outdoors [E69].
ES8-W5
Equipment cleaning and maintenance [CS39].
8a Drain down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E65].
69.08 n.a. 13.71 n.a. n.a.
ES8-W6
Bulk product storage [CS85];
(closed systems) [CS107];
With sample collection [CS56].
2 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
69.08 n.a. 1.37 n.a. n.a.
ES8-W7
Laboratory activities [CS36].
15 No other specific measures identified [EI20].
69.08 n.a. 0.34 n.a. n.a.
*Identifier: each contributing scenario of the ES has been assigned a unique identifier which facilitates tracking all the
information (exposure estimation, risk characterization in chapter 9 and 10 and appendices) related to this contributing scenario of the ES
9.8.2.2. Consumer exposure
Not applicable.
9.8.2.3. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment (oral)
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance is very low, therefore secondary poisoning
can be considered negligible.
9.8.2.4. Environmental exposure
Identifier ES8-E1
Narrative Based on ESVOC 3
Release fraction to air from process 1.00E-04
Release fraction to wastewater from process 1.00E-05
Release fraction to soil from process (regional only) 1.00E-05
Local release to air (kg/d) 0.0210
Local release to water (kg/d) 2.10E-03
Local release to soil (kg/d) 2.10E-03
Total efficiency of removal from wastewater after onsite and offsite (domestic treatment plant) RMMs (%)
92.6
Total efficiency of removal from air emissions (%) -
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow (m3/d) 2000
The maximum allowable site tonnage (MSafe) based on removal from domestic sewage treatment (kg/d)
Scaling
The downstream user can check the compliance of his
site by comparing site specific data with defaults used in the exposure assessment. The site specific quotient should be inferior or equal to the spERC quotient.
Not applicable as the exposure is generic and applies to the
largest manufacturing capacity
site
siterelease,siteER,site
spERC
spERCrelease,spERCER,spERC
DF
F*)E-(1*m
DF
F*)E-(1*m
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mspERC: Susbstance use rate in spERC
EER,spERC: Efficacy of RMM in spERC
Frelease,,spERC: Initial release fraction in spERC
DFspERC: dilution factor of STP effluent in river
msite: Susbstance use rate at site
EER,site: Efficacy of RMM at site
Frelease,,site: Initial release fraction at site
DFsite: dilution factor of STP effluent in river
9.8.2.4.1. Predicted exposure concentrations in aquatic the STP and in aquatic compartments
(freshwater, seawater and sediment)
Local Concentration, Compartment: STP and aquatic unit ES8-E1
PEC for microorganisms in STP mg/L 7.908E-05
Local PEC in surface water during emission episode (dissolved) mg/L 2.437E-05
Annual average local PEC in surface water (dissolved) mg/L 2.296E-05
Local PEC in fresh water sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 4.313E-04
Local PEC in sea water during emission episode mg/L 2.470E-06
Annual average local PEC in sea water (dissolved) mg/L 2.329E-06
Local PEC in marine sediment during emission episode mg/kg dwt 4.372E-05
Comments
9.8.2.4.2. Predicted exposure concentration in soils
Local Concentration, Compartment: soil unit ES8-E1
Local PEC in agricultural soil, averaged over 30 days mg/kg dwt 1.689E-04
Local PEC agricultural soil, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 1.556E-04
Local PEC in grass land, averaged over 180 days mg/kg dwt 4.903E-05
Comments
9.8.2.4.3. Predicted exposure concentration in the atmospheric compartment
Local Concentration, Compartment: air unit ES8-E1
Annual average local PEC in air (total) mg/m3 4.140E-04
Comments
9.8.2.4.4. Predicted exposure concentration in food for secondary poisoning
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