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CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Introduction to the problem
When we talk about Tourism, we are referring to a rather complex
phenomenon that involves a thousand aspects. The World Tourism Organization
(WTO, 2005) defines tourism as the activities of a person travelling outside his or
her usual environment for a specified period of time and whose name purpose of
travel is other than exercise of an activity remunerated from the place visited
World Tourism Organization (2005). We can say then that tourism is the activity
that implies to visit another place different from the local environment for a period
of time which can go from one day up to one year; after a year we should talk in
terms of a temporary residence.
At present day tourism is a very important activity in most of the places
around the world; the Mexican economy is based on tourism because it is the
activity that contributes to employment and economic welfare, it helps to build
social and political relationships with other countries, too. Tourism is a social factor
because it allows developing relations between one culture and another, it allows
people to be able to learn more about other cultures and their traditions. In addition
tourism is an activity that can be done for different purposes such as recreation,
relaxation or business.
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According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO: World Tourism, V 5.
No. 2, 2007), France, Spain, United Kingdom, China, and Italy are among the 50
most visited countries in the world. In the European continent, France is the top
destination chosen by international tourists. It may be due to the fact that people
think that Europe has everything starting with natural areas, history, beautiful
landscapes etc. Most of Mexican tourists, who decide to make a trip out of their
continent, always think about visiting Paris: The Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame
Cathedral, Seine River, etc. Why do people always just have in mind Europe? Well
an easy possible answer would be that most of them prefer trendy places or maybe
they do not have enough information about other places that are similar or more
historical than the famous Paris. However, they should consider that there can be
other places which would offer the same beauty at more affordable costs. Many
people do not want to visit a different country just because they do not know
anything about the tourist attractions that the place has, and this is the case of
Rabat which is a great option in Africa. People have not heard all the amazing
things Rabat offers and the best way to experience country like this or any other, is
to be in close contact with the inhabitants and native people, their culture and
language, not only visiting it.
First of all, Africa is cheaper than Europe so people can save more money
and enjoy as much as if they spent a lot of money in Europe and in Rabat people
can enjoy nature and wildlife with all the comfort and beauty to their eyes and
relaxation.
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Africa is the less visited continent in the world, (WTO 1998 a: 29) just few
people decide to go there. It is essential to know that African culture is very
important and interesting too. We can find more beautiful and quiet places there
than in Europe. Also Africa does not have much activity in the sector of tourism, but
that could be because of the lack of promotion or the interest of the people to visit
that country. One of the countries to visit in the African continent is Morocco there
tourists would be able to be in contact with native old people who can teach lots of
things about their country.
Morocco, whose capital is Rabat, is an enchanted area. It has nice and
sophisticated hotels and places to eat; it also has lots of places full of things to see
and do and places full of natural beauty. That kind of beauty is very uncommon and
you cannot find it easily and everywhere as in Paris. Rabat is located in the African
continent, in the Atlantic Ocean, near the Bou Regreg river. That means that Rabat
has a lot of water around it, and that gives the country a special and fantastic touch
for the tourist.
Rabat is a very historical country which has many monuments and important
museums and it is a clean modern city. It is important to mention as well that Rabat
is not only an historical country, but also multicultural. People can learn about the
culture and the customs of one part of the African continent, and enjoy places that
are incredible for all the family. Rabat is an excellent option for the tourist who
wants both amazing landscapes and experience new dazzling cultures. It is easy to
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find anywhere food from all over the world such as the Italian, French, Chinese etc,
but it is more difficult to find food from African countries. People have to think better
before traveling, because in this way they can experience new emotions. When
tourists prefer to chose Rabat as a major destination instead of Paris, they can
realize they can enjoy themselves more in Rabat, because in this city they are able
to be in close contact with very different cultures, languages, customs, etc. and the
best thing without spending much money. Thinking of a different continent means
thinking in very different contexts. When people visit a tourist destination and they
like it, they will recommend it to their friends, acquaintances or well-known people.
If this happens, it is easier for this place to be promoted in a faster way, making it
more attractive and popular destination by the time, as Rabat could be.
If Rabat is not promoted people will not be able to discover and visit so
many calm and relaxing areas. Additionally to this contrast to other main tourist
centers within Morocco, Rabat gives very low rates. We do not know if people just
visit those places because they do not have enough information about other places
or continents that they can visit. Ignorance makes people make decisions that do
not allow them to experiment something new, near other people and culture that
could be more interesting than that of Europe.
The Moroccans are well known by their hospitality and will do all they can to
make you feel at home. If people feel that they really would like to have a change
and experience something new, this visit will help them to get incredible
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experiences and also its memorie will live on. This could be the unique experience
they will have and that will help them to look at the world from a different angle for
a long time but to look the African continent in different angle too as we do.
Thus, the main problem seems to be the lack of information and promotion
of such an ideal place to visit and a rising question is whether it is possible to find
out why people chose one given destination such as Paris instead of one like
Rabat. Is it possible than once people are given the proper information and
guidance about a city like Rabat they would change their mind and prefer it over
other places?
1.2 General objective
To give an account of the reasons people have when choosing a tourist
destination.
To know the general idea that people have about Africa. If they have a
negative idea, make them realize the benefits of knowing the continent and
its tourist richness.
1.3 Specific Objectives
To find out why people prefer going to Paris than going to any other
country.
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To provide the Foreign Languages students with proper information so that
they can consider the African continent as a place to visit.
To create this thesis which will gather the most important information about
Rabat, as well as describing the most interesting points about it.
1.4 Hypothesis
Providing Mexican tourists with information about Rabat would make them
realize that Rabat is a worthy tourist destination; as a consequence, they would
probably prefer to visit Rabat instead of Paris.
1.5 Importance
With this research and with the evaluation of the answers, the decision of
the Mexican tourist should be easier to make, and as a result of their decision
African economy could improve and become more acquainted with the world. Also,
Mexican tourists could save more money and enjoy at the same time, by making
the decision of traveling to Rabat instead of Paris. They can change the statistics
of tourist visit in Rabat, and help others to change their mind and visit uncommon
places, and not so commercial ones.
1.6 Limitations
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The present research will be only made according to the needs observed in
Mexican Tourist by making an interview at the UMAD from San Andres Cholula.
Therefore this investigation will be valid only for this group that I had described
before and in the places that have already been mentioned. The places that will be
covered on this research are only the city of Rabat in the African continent and the
city of Paris in the European continent; however people should consider that there
are plenty of other places in the same situation as Rabat.
1.7 Organization of the research
This thesis work has been organized in five chapters. Chapter one is the
introduction and here the problem, objectives and the research hypothesis have
been presented. In chapter two there is the Theoretical background where there
exists a review on the pertinent literature. Chapter three includes the methodology
of the research; here there are the steps of how the information was obtained and
how it was processed. Chapter four was devoted to the results of the research
and Chapter five includes the conclusion of all the research and some
suggestions, having in mind the pertinent list of references that were used in all
the investigation.
CHAPTER TWO
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The lack of information for Mexican tourist created the necessity to write this
thesis research providing proper information about Rabat as a primary tourist
destination. The reason for this is because the information is not that easily
available for the Mexican tourist. The literature reviewed in this chapter deals with
tourism in Mexico. In addition, most of the time, the Mexican tourist visits the most
attractive places without taking into consideration other options or places to visit.
For this reason, we felt compelled to make tourists aware of Rabat as a worthy
place to visit.
2.1 Definition of tourism
The usual meaning for tourism comes from Latin. Las races del turismo
son dos; tour yturn, ambas derivadas del latn tornus (torno) como
sustantivo (redondear, tornear y en latn girar). Y tornare como verbo (de las que
se aprecia por raz comn la idea de giro, de viaje circular y de vuelta al punto de
partida). (Fernndez Fuster, Luis, Teora y Tcnica del Turismo, and Teora
General de Turismo. (2a Edicin) Manuel Ramrez Blanco. Ed. Diana. Octubre,
1992, p. 29). In other words it can be said that the roots in tourism are two:
tour and turn which come from Latin tornus, and both having the meaning of
going around in a trip. Even though some other authors say that the origins of the
word tourism can be found in the Bible when Moses, whilst wandering in search
of the Promised Land, sent twelve spies to recognize the land of Canaan, which
he had been attempting to conquer. Traveling thus was mandatory (Fernandez
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Cano, 1984 p.3-10). On the other hand, tourism, as ancient as the man himself,
began at a point when man evolved and became sedentary. In that time, traveling
on foot was a must for the human wanting to survive, as stated in testimonies
found in ancient cultures like the Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and Roman, among
others (Francis, D K.1997). It can be concluded that through the centuries,
traveling has not been considered an obligation any longer but a pleasure,
destination and entertainment. Therefore, to know exactly the meaning of tourism
it is necessary to know its etymological root since it is an old activity that, by our
time, has gone through different changes depending on the languages where this
term is used.
2.1.1 Tourism
Tourism is an old activity that has changed through the time. Something
worth mentioning is the words relationship to leisure as seen in classic Greece.
The Greek were quite focused on leisure and free time in order to attend the
Olympic Games of the VIII century. The people from that century attended sport
competitions that were celebrated in Olympia every four years. Since that time,
tourism has become a popular global and important activity. However, tourism in
that time was very difficult to accomplish because those trips were of great length,
uncomfortable, risky and very expensive. As background information, it can be
stated that Thomas Cook, who carried out the first group trip by train in 1841,
started his own business running rail excursions for pleasure. Its possible to say
that tourism was born at the end of the XVIII century and at the beginning of the
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XIX in England as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution and it was called
GRAND TOUR (2008, www.AIEST.com URL). In those days, students and
businessmen traveled to Europe in order to study in France, Rome, Florence and
other cultural centers (Robert W.1999, p. 53). In conclusion, since man has
always traveled since his appearance in the world, it can be stated that tourism
has various approaches to its study depending on the language where it is used
as it has already been mentioned.
2.1.2 Definition of tourist
A tourist is someone who travels just for recreation, leisure or business and
upon completion of this activity he returns home. In addition to this definition,
tourists are people who travel to and stay in places outside their native country
(not only) for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not for more than one
consecutive year (Fernandez, 1967). But it is important to know that this activity is
not remunerated for the visitor. In the same way, we can take into consideration
another definition: A partir del significado de las races latinas puede definirse,
etimolgicamente al turista como la persona que viaja temporalmente y regresa a
su lugar de origen o residencia permanente (Ramrez Blanco Manuel, Apuntes
del curso de introduccin al estudio del turismo, Mxico 1966, p. 30). As a result,
tourist can be defined as someone who performs a temporal journey especially
for pleasure.
2.1.3. Tourism Shifting
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that after the Second World War mass tourism started in 1975 growing up to 20
million movements. In the same way those movements were recognized as
International Tourism (Robert W., 1999). So to be considered an international
Tourism participant must spend at leastone day in the receiving country and their
duration of stay must not surpass 12 months. In addition, this activity implies to
know other people, take part in a cultural exchange which includes social and
educative values. As a result the economics of the country visited grows up and
with the help of the foreign currency to the receiving nation. In addition
International Tourism is nowadays a modern phenomenon in the world.
2.1.4. Temporary Tourism Stay
The tourism stay depends on the necessities that each tourist has. The
causes for tourism are many, but the motivations are classified in 4 main ideas that
are fundamental and those are: recreation, rest, culture and health, but they are
also classified in other types because it depends on the necessities and wishes of
the tourist. First of all, we can say that tourism could be of short or long stay when
it is based on the average of time of permanence that a tourist has. Other sorts of
tourism are the excursion and the autonomous ones. On one hand we have the
excursion tourism which implies a full itinerary, which offers a package or a global
offer, and can be gotten by the tourist agent. Those can be characteristics and
categories of transportation to be used during the organised excursion, any meal
plan if applicable, pricing (including taxes and any additional charges), the method
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of payment, a minimum number of persons required for the excursion, the date by
which the traveller should be informed in the event of cancellation, and finally
details of insurance coverage. On the other hand, is the autonomous tourism which
is practiced by the tourist based on an itinerary that the tourist makes by himself. It
means hes taking his own necessities and wishes for doing so; comparing both,
the tourist shall choose the best option according to his needs. Equally important
are the free and focused tourism. This type of tourism exists when the tourist freely
decides when, how long, and where hes going to. Also included are the time of
stay, the transportation service, the places to visit, the activities and other wishes
(World Tourism Organization, 2005). In a word, the tourist shall determine the
needs and characteristics of the trip.
2.1.5 Tourist services
A lot of people like to have a great experience when they are taking
holidays. Traveling also involves getting a good service, attention and of course,
good prices. Servicio turstico se entiende como toda actividad realizada por
una persona fsica o moral, pblica o privada, tendiente a satisfacer necesidades
especficas directamente planteadas por el desplazamiento turstico. (Instituto
Mexicano de Investigaciones Tursticas, and Teora General de Turismo. (2a
Edicin) Manuel Ramrez blanco. Ed. Diana. Octubre, 1992, p.66). In other words
tourist services means all activities realized for the visitor in order to satisfy all
their needs that imply the tourist shifting. It is essential to provide all the services
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needed by the tourist when travelling. Actually, tourism is recognized for the
services that are being offered. According to Ramirez (1992) these services cover
needs related to accommodation, meal, clothing and the pleasure of the tourist.
For this reason, it is important to consider all the following aspects in order to
provide the lodging services that shall include innovation services, sport, and
recreational or green areas such as gardens. As a result, there exists a
classification about lodging services; those can be of the type of hotel or extra-
hotel (Ramrez, (1992). In this case it is important to take into consideration the
lodging before a trip. As a conclusion, it can be said any related services for
accommodations must be provided at the hotel or housing structures that offer a
place for the tourist to spend the night.
2.1.5.1 Types of Hotels
Due to the enormous increase in tourism worldwide during the last
decades of the XX century it is a basic need for everyone who travels to find an
accommodation. A hotel is a site that provides paid lodging on for a short period.
The root of the word hotel is derived from French that means a place offering
accommodation (Robert W., 1999). Hence, hotels also generally make other
services available such as offering a meal, parking, food, beverages,
entertainment, a swimming pool, banquets, convention, and meeting facilities.
The provision of a basic accommodation consists of a room with a bed, a small
table, a cupboard, and a bathroom. In other words the services rendered by
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hotels are generally more complete than those offered by motels and other
lodging places. In contrast, we have Motels, including all services normally
included in the price of lodging. Those are typically located along the highways or
thoroughfares and cater specifically to the needs of people traveling by cars.
Another one is the Motor-hotels commonly known as motels, it is more recent
creation and it is located in urban important centers mainly. It is almost similar to a
hotel about its construction, different in the space for special parking and its
related services. Another one is the Resident-hotels, it has a special direction to
the tourist who wants to stay in a foreign place for long time; these places are
expensive and luxurious places with suites that are not rented per day (Ramirez,
1992, p. 70). In general the types of accommodation can be according to the
necessities of the tourists needs.
2.1.5.2 Other Accommodations
Unlike the hotel, those places not have the same luxuries, and the work
team is reduced. The service given to the tourist is minimum because it does not
offer the restaurant service, a swimming pool, snack bar, meeting rooms etc.
(Ramirez, 1992, p. 72). For this reason, those following places are classified in
apartments or particular houses because this sort of places included are all other
services provided by such sites in connection with the provision of lodging, such
as bathroom, living room, kitchen, dining room, two or four rooms. Those are
rented for families at least a week or a month or for the vacation season. Another
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one is the guests houses or inns. Most of those housing provide only lodging with
a limited number of rooms; although some may include food serving services, but
it can be rented with or without meals and also the option of laundry. Those are
very usual for students and can also be rented per days, months or years.
Another one is the Tourist fields that mean free space in which you are in close
contact with nature, designed for Trailers and recreational vehicles parks or
camping-sites. Such services include provision of site only or an option that
includes water, electricity, gas, and a little building as cafeteria, laundry,
bathroom, and yard. Another one is the Youth hostels service is provided by
school dormitories, residence halls or youth hostels. These special places are
distinguished for young people that can be accepted by certain rules or
requirements although the accommodation is limited to a maximum of three days
and the prices are really cheap and sometimes they include food.
Finally are the Shelters and cabins. Those are used by people who like
sports and those are localized in fishing and hunting areas and also are using
then for a short period of time by a group of tourists or for visitors that like
ecological areas. Its constructions are rustic and are cheaper than the options
afore mentioned (Ramirez, 1992, p. 72). It can be concluded that those places are
designed for all kind of people that like different experiences.
2.1.5.3 Meal services
The meal services are very essential in life for all of us because it satisfies
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a big vital need. This service can be provided through different sites such as
restaurants, cafeterias or vending machines. With time those places had changed
considerable; so those changes have been made in quality, prices, and
infrastructure. There are certain restaurants that can be considered the self
service that is used when people serve themselves as; snack bars, buffets or fast
food places. In addition, the restaurants can be classified according to the
characteristics of the place.
According to Ramirez, (1992, p. 91) meal services referred to a simply to
the service in which the food is served. However Robert W. (1999) say that due to
the enormous demand from tourists has created the necessity to develop new
concepts and trends that include ethnic restaurants, especially typical
gastronomy, increasing in the inclusion of healthy food, local products, and
regional plates as well as international plates. It can be concluded that some of
them can be developed in such way that the service and satisfaction is
guaranteed because it offers a special menu and a high quality services to the
foreign and national visitor.
2.1.5.4 Tourist transportation
Another aspect that is important is the transportation, because all the time
people need something in which they can move from one place, to another. La
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transportacin turstica proporciona el servicio que facilita el desplazamiento
turstico, al hacer posible el viaje de ida y vuelta, a la vez los traslados
subsidiarios durante ese lapso. (Instituto Mexicano de Investigaciones
Tursticas, and Teora General de Turismo. (2a Edicin) Manuel Ramrez Blanco.
Ed. Diana. Octubre, 1992, p. 101). In other words, the tourist transportation gives
the services of transportation to the visitor, makes possible to go around in a trip
during a period of time any motion means, by which. For this reason there are
certain types of transportation such as Air transport; the IATA and OACI are the
two main air associations that helped to develop more the use of this service.
Nowadays the aerial transportation is the fastest and easiest way to travel
and the flights can be domestic or international. Another one is the ground
transportation, basically this transportation is provided by cars, taxis, street cars,
trains, buses or omnibuses. In addition, the transportation used by the tourist can
be by private providers or by rental. This line of service is totally tourist and can
be domestic and foreign visitors. Finally there is the nautical transport; the
maritime transportation has been producing new luxurious ships. This sort of
transportation is provide this service are ferry-boats, car-ferry, hydrofoil and
hovercraft and those cross seas, oceans, lakes and rivers(Ramirez, 1992 p. 101
to 108). As a conclusion, transportation and tourism are basically joined. In
addition, it is very important to consider transportation in trips because it is the
means in which the tourist can move from one place to another.
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Destinations
This next section deals with the actual available Information about the two
destinations this research is focused on. In the first section Rabat was introduced
as a destination that still unknown for most of the Mexican tourist. The information
presented would make them realize that Rabat opens the door to new adventures
and fascinating and colorful places. From North to South, east to west Rabat is
alive with attractions and activities for visitors of all ages. In addition to visit Rabat
is to venture into a present full of natural and cultural attractions, many of them
unique in the world; the information of a glorious past whose vestiges remains as
silent witnesses to the singular story of Rabat civilization. On the other hand,
Paris was presented as a well recognized place for most of the Mexican tourist.
This section deals with all the necessary data to learn everything about one of the
most visited capitals of the world. In addition, the main objective of this thesis
research is to give proper information about the two destinations.
2.2 Rabat
This place, worthy of visitation, is located in the African Continent and on
the Atlantic Ocean. The city was found about the 10th century. The name was
derived from Ribat al-Fath: it means the camp of victory (Howstaffworks, 2008,
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URL).Something to be mentioned is that Rabat is a country of warm and friendly
people who greet you with open arms and is a beautiful and hospitable place.
Also the city is modern and even reserved by the Moroccan. Morocco has been
influenced by some civilizations as the tribes Berber and Almohades for the 300
year. In addition, in the year 647, the conquests began with the Arabs and Islam
awakening, but the dynasty of the conquered Berberes and the Almohades
dominated all the Arabs (National Tourist Office of Morocco, 2008 URL). For this
reason Rabat can be considered modern and reserved by Moroccan standards;
and also the city has the greatest archeological treasures including many
fascinating historic sites as well. As a conclusion, this place has richness such as
culture, art and architecture.
2.2.1 Language in Rabat
Rabat is a very multicultural country for the varied historical influences on
the people of Morocco, for this reason there is a large variety of languages
spoken throughout the country. According to ISESCO, (2009) said that there are
many languages that still present and those are Arabic, French, Spanish, and
English. Arabic is the official language spoken in Morocco and its influence of
Arabic has been important in the Islamic countries. In addition, the Arabic is
related to and classified alongside other semantic languages such as Hebrew and
Aramaic. In other words, Arabic is spoken by more than 280 million people as a
first language. Something to be mentioned is that fortunately for most of the
Moroccans are capable of speaking more than just one of their native languages.
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Equally important, French is not seen as an indigenous language in Morocco,
although at least half of the population. This is due to the strong French influence
during the period from 1912 to 1956, which has also left a large amount of French
architecture in parts of Morocco (ISESCO, 2009). For this reason, French is the
second language spoken widely used throughout the Islamic world due to the
important relationship with France. In addition, over 20,000 people in Morocco
speak Spanish; given that, it is a short distance away of Spain, also acted as a
protectorate of Morocco for a while after 1912, for this reason Spanish has been
influenced by the culture. Finally English is another language spoken as well in
the country. Therefore, it can be concluded that Rabat has different ways of the
various languages spoken that can greatly enhance your experiences in the
country. This means you should be able to get by in most parts of the country
quite easily without even trying very hard.
2.2.2 Tourism in Rabat
Tourism in Rabat is firstly a bridge between people and civilization including
cultures and its nature. As a consequence, this city opens the modernity with clean
and responsible tourism. In addition, the king Mohammed VI has made tourism one
of the nation priorities with clear focus tourism (National Tourism Office in Morocco,
2008 URL). For this reason, in 2001 the tourism in Morocco gave 3,500 km. of
virgin cost from the Atlantic Ocean to Mediterranean in order to increase the
tourism in the region. After that, a new project called vision 2010 emerges with
the objective of improving the tourism in one way key in order to develop the
country in terms of capturing more tourism. The tourism was based in the low level
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cultural that included the traditional routes as Marrakech, Fez, Meknes (called
imperial cities) all this was combined with a specific tourism of venture on the
desert and the south oasis and around the Atlas. However, this project has
improved the tourism considerable since 2001.
According to the Minister of tourism of Morocco (2007 p. 73) said that, in
2006 where a total 6.500.000 people that visited this country; that means that 12
per 100 increase compared to last year. On the other hand, World Tourism
Barometer (2008 URL) says that, since that project, the Moroccan tourism has
been increasing in a short period of time. In addition, the tourism came basically
from Europe with 1, 48 millions of visitants that are Frenchmen, and then the
Spanish with 468.00.00 visitants and also the British with 266.00 visitants and all
this tourism was significant in 2006 according to the Minister of tourism of Morocco
(2007 p. 73). In conclusion, tourism has increased with the time.
2.2.3 Attractions in Rabat
Rabat has its own attractions as many other famous countries. Let your
imagination run wild because the options are varied and exciting. Everything is
easy to get to, and its all within the boundaries of the exciting region. Rabat has
many places and things to do, but the wrong and bad promotion about the beauty
of the place makes all this information poor and unattractive to the tourist.23
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However, if you do not want to go on your own, there are several tour companies
providing sightseeing tours and professional guide services.
Rabat Archeological Museum site walk you back through time and history. It
was built in 1932 and enlarged a few years later to display the findings resulting
from intense archaeological research. This museum has housed the National
Museum collections since 1986 and is one of the richest in Morocco. Another site is
the Bab Rouah or "Gate of the Winds. This is the name of one of the five gates in
the Almohad wall. It has now been converted into an exhibition center. Another site
is the Bou Regreg Dam. It has a wind surface and those who prefer to have a
picnic can share the same waters and shores of the Atlantic Ocean and the Bou
Regreg dam. Equally important we have Chellah Necropolis historical place
permeate the landscape, mixing the ancient Rabat world with todays natural
beauty. It was built between the 13th and 14th centuries on the ruins of the ancient
Roman town. Another significant site is the Costume Museum in Rabat that tells
the history of Morocco through the garments and traditional jewelry of the various
regions of the kingdom. Another archeological site is the Royal Palace. This
construction began in 1864, is surrounded by a wall cut by three gates inside the
various buildings, with open spaces known as the Mechouar, which holds the Ahl-
Fas mosque where the King leads prayers on Fridays. As well important is the
Oudaias Kasbah, this construction was built here to protect the Oudaias in the 18 th
century, and it affords a fine view over the ocean. Lastly we have the Museum of
Moroccan Arts; a house was built between the walls of the former residence of
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Moulay Ismail. The custodians have tried to reconstruct all the accessories which
make up the decoration of a typical Moroccan house. Finally we have the Hassan
Tower Mausoleum. In this place the King Mohamed V. It is in this very place where
the late Mohamed V, returning from exile, gathered thousands of Moroccans to
thank God for giving independence to his country. In addition, Mohamed V
mausoleum was built in 1956. It can be concluded that Rabat has formidable
archaeological zones in which it can admired the temples and the shrines that this
amazing place offers.
2.2.4 Events
In Rabat you can find many spectacles of nightlife as soothing fantasy,
exotic music and dancing music over the street, shows with cobras and all kind of
snakes. Wherever you travel in Morocco you are guaranteed to hear music. It is a
basic expression of the countrys folk culture. Besides that, the traditional
Moroccan music is an important part of everyday life, and evident at every
celebration such as marriages, funerals, religion gatherings and of course festivals.
According to Tourism of Morocco, (2009) ancient Moroccan music can be
found in the mountainous region and it is performed within the Berber village, there
mysterious music and festivals are celebrated each year and are best represented
by poetry and dances. In other words, the folklore dances are magnificent and give
peace to the life of the tribes. The Timitar Festival is the leading celebration of
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amazing culture and world music in the Souss Massa Draa name received by the
strong Arabic classical tradition. Another one is the Sufi Music unique to Islam
which elicits a trancelike state which inspires mystical ecstasy. Another one is the
Gnaoua music festival; this is very famous for the extravaganza featuring art
exhibitions and Gnaoua style music. Another important festival is the Imilchil
Marriage. This is a legendary festival that is homage to love and is celebrated by
the Berber tradition. Also it is important to mention the Ramadan that represents an
ancient Islamic holiday whereby Muslims fast during daylight hours for thirty days.
Equally important is the Roses festival-el Kelaa de Mgouna a Berber music,
singing, and dancing. Finally we have the Paris-Dakar Rally; this is the most
famous international car race that crosses the Sahara Desert. In this event came
people from Spain, Rumania, Germany, and Italy among others (Visit Morocco,
2009 URL). It can be concluded that the experience for yourself in Rabat shall
make you think back trough the time, appreciating all the beautiful festivals and
unique history that Rabat can offer.
2.2.4.1 Shopping
Shopping in Rabat is a unique and exciting experience for all the visitors.
Like all big cities Rabat, has exquisite and precious arts and crafts that you will find
in chic boutiques and modern shopping centers. Souk is the name that receives a
market in an Arab country and is the major feature in Moroccan life and it is among
the countries greatest attractions. The shopping starts on Consult Street in the
medina and Mohammed V Avenue. In this place you can find art, craft and
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jewellery; this place is also famous for all the rugs. The traditional rug of Rabat is
fine with short, often red wool, with a medallion in the shape of a diamond in the
center (Visit Morocco, 2009 URL). Also, you will find some other things that you
can buy as remarkable things about Rabat with tradition and modernity. Some of
the best buy in Rabat are leather ware, handicrafts, carpets, pottery, wood
carvings, traditional garments and various food products. One of the largest shop
centers in the whole African Continent is the recently opened center located in
Rabat called The Mega Mall in Rabat. This mall offers many clothing stores for
children, teenagers and adults. There also is a large range of domestic and foreign
products and known brands such as Diesel, Tommy Hilfiger, Gas Jeans, Versace
Gallery, among others. So it can be concluded, both Souks and Shop center are
also a daily destination for locals and foreign visitors. In addition, these shops have
a wide variety of items. In other words, visiting a Souk is a cultural experience that
should not be missed on your trip to Rabat.
2.2.4.2 Gastronomy
Dining in Rabat is a great food experience because you will enjoy many
dishes with a magnificent taste. Rabat cuisine is the culinary star of North Africa
and it is hard to decide what to eat and where to go because the imperial and trade
influence has been filtered and blended into the culture. Being the mixed of many
civilizations, the cuisine of Rabat is a mlange of Arab, Berber, Moorish, French,
Middle Eastern, Mediterranean African, Iberian and Jewish influences. Rabat
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cooking is enhanced with fruits, dried and fresh as apricots, raisins; among others.
Nuts are also prominent as pine nuts, almonds and pistachios. Menus reflect the
local African and Rabat cultures, using basic ingredients such as chicken, beef,
pork, rice and beans. For this reason, there are some dishes that are the famous
such as Couscous, the national dish of Morocco, eaten on Fridays, at weddings,
funerals, and on Ramadan. Equally important is the Tajine, a classic dish prepared
in an earthenware pot that combines meat, fruits and spices. Another plate is the
breads of barley and semolina which are made by women in earthen ovens.
Another dish is the Deserts and Pastries; those are sweets and are made with
nuts, honey and cinnamon in all shapes, sizes and textures. Another one is the
fruits and Nuts, these are a soft sweet fruit that is full of small seeds and is often
eaten dried. Anotherone is the walnut and dates trees that produce natural sweets
used in cooking, Spices are essential to Rabat cooking and known for their
medicinal value. Finally the Mint Tea, this tee is the national Moroccan drink and is
offerin homes, markets and at celebrations. In general, the gastronomy in Rabat is
a way of life and its great food that offers this place is unique in the World.
2.2.5 Accommodation in Rabat
Rabat is a country where people can find many accommodation places that
are cheaper than others. When it comes to selecting a place to visit, bigger is not
always better. Small hotels, villas, inns and others have their own special allure
and people can find them easily. For this reason, its important to mention the
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most representative hotels such as The Ibis Moussafir hotel located in Rabat.
This hotel is one of the hotels that are aimed at clients in search of clean and
basic accommodation. The building is traditional and located in a quiet area. Even
when the rooms are a bit small, it has a full comfort with all you need and air
conditioning and the bathrooms are clean and in good condition. Another one is
the Mercure Rabat Sheherazade. This hotel is a perfect option for any traveler for
its location, quality and price. The exterior is a modern building and it provides
basic accommodation that consists of a room with a bed, a small table, a
cupboard, and a bathroom. It has 81 rooms, fully fitted and nicely decorated. The
bathrooms are medium-sized and have all the comfort. Equally important is the
Hotel Sofitel Diwan Rabat, Located in the heart of the city in the embassy and
government area, Sofitel Diwan Rabat is near the Royal Palace, Mausoleum
Hassan II and the airport. The hotel has 88 rooms, 6 suites and meeting rooms.
Finally there is the Hilton Rabat Hotel, situated in a prestigious area; the Hilton
Rabat Hotel is an oasis of relaxation and pleasure and also it strives in giving an
excellent service and for making you feel unique.
On one hand, the large resorts are nice and can be grandiose, but that
does not guarantee a better service, tastier food or anything else; and on the
other, small boutique-style hotels and resorts are excellent options because they
offer several unique advantages to travelers; which comprise many advantages
such as: variety, location, ambiences and price; all primary considerations when
planning a vocation. Also, this part of Africa is rich with historical sites and packed
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when exchanging money during your trip in Rabat.
2.3 Paris
Paris is in the European Continent and is the most beautiful city around the
world, but also one of the most expensive. Paris, capital and largest city of
France, is situated in the North of it along River Seine. It is also the center of the
metropolitan area known as the ile-de- France region. This region is also the
main engine of the economy of France, concentrating most of the countrys
services such as banking and finance. According to The New Grolier Multimedia
Encyclopedia, (1996) said that, Paris was born as a small village in the island of
the city. In other words, it is an island in the Seine that is now the heart of the city
which was built by the Celtic people called the Parissi. On the other hand, we
have Chelminski, (1977) said that, in the year 52 BC it was conquered by the
Romans and subsequently expanded to the Seine and founded the city of Lutetia,
later called Paris. Both give a brief explanation of the origins of Paris. In other
words it can be said that the roots of the name Paris derive from that of its pre-
Roman-era inhabitants.
Paris has many nicknames, but its most famous is "The City of Lights".
Something to be mentioned is that Paris is considered an artistic and romantic
city by the natives as well as by the people of the world. Besides, Paris is
currently one of the main economic, political, cultural and artistic centers of the
world; in fact, France is said to be the largest metropolitan in the European Union.
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It can be concluded that through the centuries, Paris has been changed.
Therefore, to know exactly the meaning of Paris it is necessary to know its
etymological roots.
2.3.1 Language in Paris
The official language spoken in France is French. However, France has
rich and diverse influences, and so there are several languages being spoken in
different regions of the country. In addition, French is also spoken in Belgium and
Switzerland and those former French colonies including Guiana, Northwestern,
Africa, Indonesia, Haiti, Madagascar and parts of Canada,( Le Tourisme a Paris:
Cliffres cles 2007) . Moreover, there are several other languages spoken by
immigrants who form a substantial percentage of the French population.
According to Language Report of the French Government, (1999) said that,
the official language of France is French and it reflects the history of these people
in various regions of France. Also, its roots derived from the Roman language and
its spoken by about 77 million people as a mother tongue. On the other hand,
The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, (1996) says that French is a group of
languages known as Romance languages that include Italian, Spanish,
Portuguese and Rumania, because they are descendant from Latin; the language
of the ancient Roman Empire. In a word, both definitions are similar. For this
reason, to know exactly the roots of French, it is necessary to know its
etymological root. It is important to mention that French language has variations
not only in terms of chronological development, but also in terms of geographical
location.
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2.3.2 Tourism in Paris
It is important to mention that Paris is the worlds leading tourist destination.
The strategic and convenient location of Paris makes it very easy for travelers to
reach the city. According to Office du Tourisme et des Congrs de Paris, (2007)
said that, more than half of all Paris' visitors, 55%, come from foreign countries
such as United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Italy, and Japan. In other
words, Paris is considered one of the top world cities. On the other hand, The
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO: World Tourism, V 5. No. 2, 2007), says that
Paris has an average of annual arrivals of 75% each year. It means that in 2007
has increased the tourist activity. It can be mentioned that the types of tourism that
can be practiced in Paris are many, but some of the most important are
gastronomic, monumental and business tourism as principal ones. Gastronomic
tourism not only involves tasting food but also to get into the culture. For this
reason France is the top location in regards to this type of tourism, since its
gastronomy has been among the best in the world. Some of the most prestigious
varieties are wine, cheese and champagnes, not forgetting bakery. This way, tourist
people can try and at the same time get a big idea about what Parisian food
involves because when we talk about food, it is important to know that is a great
passion of French people. They are very careful with their cooking, which is
recognized as highly refined with many details in the preparation (yoteca, 2009).
On the other hand, we have monumental tourism which can be described as the
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type of tourism that is practiced in a place where there are many monuments or
historic buildings. In Paris, this type of tourism exists too, and as a main example,
the Eiffel Tower (Paris info, 2009 URL). In addition, one of the most important types
of tourism is business tourism, because Paris is the world's first city to hold
conferences and that is the reason why it is known as the capital of business
tourism (Office du Tourisme et des Congrs de Paris, 2009). In conclusion, tourism
has increased with the time.
2.3.3 Attractions in Paris
Paris is one of the most spectacular sightseeing cities in the world
containing a wealth of the city and culture. In addition, Paris has many monuments
to visit, but the most famous and known is the Eiffel Tower; which was built for the
world Exhibition in 1889. The tower stands tall at over 1000 feet and offers
spectacular views of the surrounding landscape from its observation decks. In
addition, the tower represents the celebration of the French revolution in 1789.
Another important site is the Arc de Triumph; it was originally commissioned by
Napoleon in 1806 in order to commemorate his victories. The construction of D Arc
de Triumph was completed until 1836 and it is engraved with names of the
generals who commanded French troops during Napoleons regime. Equally
important is the Notre Dame Cathedral. It is the most famous of all cathedrals in
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the entire world. The Gothic architecture is located on the ile-de- Paris, a small
island in the heart of the city. The Notre Dame began its construction in 1163. It
received the name of Gothic architecture because it reflects Paris status as the
capital of the kingdom of France. Finally, the Le Louvre is today the originally place
that nowadays is one of the largest and most visited museums in the world. The
construction was built in 1989 by the renowned architect I.M. Pei. Something to be
mentioned is that it contains some of the most famous pieces of art including Da
Vinci's Mona Lisa and the Venus de Milo (descubreparis, 2009). In sum, Paris has
many other places to visit. In addition, Paris has formidable museums in which
great examples of art and architecture can be admired in such premises.
2.3.4 Events
The events in Paris can be an amazing and unforgettable experience;
however, it can be also very expensive and stressful. The late nights in Paris mean
a variety of music, from clubs featuring live music, to festivals to special events.
Paris has an important cultural center of Europe since the medieval ages. This city
has contributed significantly to the development of art including dances and music.
In addition, streets are alive with a very rich and varied dance tradition and also ,
almost every region of France has its own distinct forms of music and dances. On
one hand, the most popular is the folk and is the traditional folk dance that is well
preserved in several regions in south France. On the other hand, there are other
dances such as Waltz Polka, Mazurka, Marche, Scottish, Rondeau and Bourree;
among others. Besides that, cabaret avenues deliver a dose of vibrant
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entertainment, as well as the Relax bar cafes, high tech dance clubs and the
famous mellow jazz. Equally important, are some spectacles of highlights as Live
Music, Le Bilboqet, Contemporary jazz, Chesterfield Caf, Palais des Congrs,
and Rock concerts. Finally, the music is another important aspect that has
contributed a lot to the development of modern western music, including jazz music
that still is very popular in Paris (office du Tourisme de Paris, 2009). To summarize,
the City of Lights is a place that has many events that offers you in the whole year.
In addition, Paris has something for everyone such as discos, nightclubs, bars and
other similar sites, in order to attract the people that are looking forward to having a
good time and enjoy the night.
2.3.4.1 Shopping
Paris is a perfect place for shopping. It is easy to find top quality shoes,
bags and leather goods. As a consequence, Paris is well-known in many famous
brands such as Cartier, Celine, Chanel, Chaumet, Christian Dior, Christian Lacroix,
Piaget, Yves Saint Laurent , and Van Cleef & Arpels, among others. For this reason
there are two famous rivals, Printemps and Galeries Lafayette. They are carrying
designer, brand name and private label of goods. Another important shop in Paris
is the Flea Markets. These markets are the most renowned places to find treasures
and good price in Paris. There are also three main flea markets that date back
hundreds of years, situated around the old gates of the city. The origin of the name
refers to the cast-off clothes of royalty which were commonplace centuries ago;
teeming with the little insects. Equally important is a place called ``bookworms``. In
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this place is very easy to find a wide variety of books and those are somewhat
expensive, particularly foreign books. In a word, Paris shops are an integral part of
the citys cultural identity, and make it the ultimate destination for the discerning
consumer.
2.3.4.2 Gastronomy
Paris is worldwide known for its varieties of wine and cuisine. The cuisine in
Paris is considered as one of worlds most elegant and refined cuisines with
different styles, which include both the classical (haute cuisine) and the provincial
style. Each region has been able to keep its specialties such as Alsatian
sauerkraut, the cassoulet of basque region, sauted pork morsels of Touraine, the
andouillette of Troyes, the tourte ardennaise etc. All those dishes are recognized
and are popular in all France and all over the world. In addition to this, cooking is a
very important part of the French culture, given the fact that it possesses an
incredible diversity of products in the traditional recipes. Besides, Paris produces
over 400 varieties of cheese made from the milk of goats, cows, and ewes and
Parisians love to make and eat a good variety of bread, including celebrated
baguette. Moreover, the cuisine style has influenced almost all western ones, as
well as other forms of western cooking.
Something to be mentioned is that France is the country of wine; has the
best wines in the entire world. Furthermore, France is the second country that
produces wine after Italy. In addition, the wine production is an ancestral tradition,
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which goes back to ages. In other words, in ancient times, wine was considered as
a gift from the gods. It means that is the best wine because of the diversity of
weather conditions that help the production of wine (come to France, 1999-2003).
In conclusion, the gastronomy in Paris offers a great food and wine that is unique
in the World. In order to discover wine and food travelling and discovering French
culture is the only way to do so.
2.3.5 Accommodation in Paris
Paris offers a wide variety of accommodations, including a large hotel
capacity, apart-hotels, youth accommodation and campsites. Paris hotels tend to
be more inexpensive than those in their boundaries such as Italy, Switzerland and
Germany. There usually are hotels near train stations, some for low budgets, and
other are a little seedy. You can inspect a room before committing to it. You can
also fine cheap motel lodging outside of major tourist destinations. Something to be
mentioned is that the Hotels in Paris are related by stars according to the
government regulation and not necessarily for their facilities and their charms.
According to Office du Tourisme in Paris, (2008) the government hotel
rating system is by number of stars and those can be from one star through five
stars. In other words, the one star being the simplest hotels (it means the hotel
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facilities such as small size of rooms, with or without a bath, without elevator and
other updated features). The five stars being the most luxurious hotels, (it means
with all facilities such as swimming pool, parking, meal, beverages, entertainment,
banquets, convention, and meeting facilities). In general the types of
accommodation can be chosen according to the necessities of the tourist.
2.3.6 Currency Exchange
The official currency of France was the Franc, but in the year 1360. The
name franc was derived from the Latin roots, which means king of the Franc in
honor of King John II. At that time, the Franc was actually a gold coin. This coin
was weighed about 3.87 grams. In addition, the Franc was the official Currency of
France from the year 1360 until 1641. Something important to be mentioned has
to do with the colonies of the French Empire, such as Cambodia and Algeria used
Franc as their currency. Also, Monaco and Andorra used the currency as a legal
tender (the Franc was divided into 100 centimes). After that, the use of Franc was
substituted by the Euro (International Exchange rates, 2008).This currency can
be exchanged at banks, bureau de change and some large hotels. In addition,
some visitors get a better exchange rate at any ATMs. The rate of exchange is
subject to fluctuation and purchases are made in Euros, credit cards, and debit
cards or travelers checks. Most of the credit cards are widely accepted at hotels
and resorts. On the other hand, the travelers checks are accepted in most of
retail stores, restaurants and bars and particularly in most of the tourist
destinations.
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CHAPTER THREE
Methodology
In this chapter, the methodology and the instruments used to obtain
information are presented. Restating that the main objective was to find data that
allow to evaluate the options and preferences Mexican tourist contemplate before
choosing a destination. Two instruments were used in order to obtain the
necessary information: a Power Point presentation that gives information about
Rabat and a questionnaire to evaluate the perspectives after knowing the preview
of the place. The chapter also describes the participants and procedures followed
to analyze data obtained both from the presentation and the questionnaire.
3.1 Research Design
In this research were used both, qualitative and quantitative approaches;
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mixed methods of research, because of the kind of information required was
related to measuring and describing the various aspects of the problem with the
intention of connecting data from one phase to another. However the concept of a
qualitative research is here explained in order to have a better comprehension of
the research design. According to John W. Creswell (2007) this line of
investigation, is the one which gives narrative registers with techniques such as
observation and interview: In his own words Qualitative research is a means for
exploring and understanding, the meaning individual or groups ascribed to a social
or human problem.(Page4). The process of research under this approach involves
emerging questions and procedures and data is typically collected in the
participants setting. The principal objectives of this type of research are to find out
the reasons and a logic procedure; not only how many, in which place or when of a
given situation. A qualitative research does not get results with numbers or
statistics but results are gotten from the analysis of the needs and the adaptation of
existing material.
On the other hand, the quantitative research includes means for testing
objectives or theories by examining the relationship among the variables.
According to W. Creswell, (2007)those variables can be measured on instruments
so that, the data can be in depth analyzed using statistics procedures In this
scenario, the researcher tests a theory by specifying narrow hypothesis and the
collection of data to support or refuse the hypothesis. An experimental design is
used in which attitudes are assessed both before and after experimental treatment.
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The data are collected on an instrument that measured attitude (Page 4).
Likewise this research took results from logical reasons and procedures. There are
subjects in this research that were not taken as statistics but they were used to get
results in the real time and place.
3.2 Participants
The participants chosen for this thesis research were from Universidad
Madero located in San Andres Cholula, Puebla. It were considered twenty students
who are currently studying a B.A. in Foreign Languages, and they were studying
their 7th semester in 2009. The students age average ranged from 19 to 22 years
old and those are from different minor (Enterprises management, International
Commerce and Translation and Interpretation). An essential datum is that, from
those twenty nine students nineteen of them were men and ten were women. All of
them are students of an intermediate level of spoken English, French and German.
The questionnaire and the presentation were in English because they are
pupils of Foreign Languages and the main purpose for this project was to know if
they would visit Rabat if they had the opportunity to travel overseas. The obtained
results were valid only with these participants. Something to be mentioned is that
Universidad Madero has the international exchange programs department. In this
department the students are able to obtain all the information and help that they
require if they want to travel overseas. So that, students are able to travel abroad
and this research would help them to choose a good option.
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3.3 Instruments
In order to gather information for this project a questionnaire and a Power
Point presentation were used as an instrument. The questionnaire had 10
questions with multiple choice answers and close-ended questions in order to
obtain data from the interviewees. The most important purpose to be considered
was to know if the Mexican Tourists were interested in visiting Rabat as a worthy
place. The second instrument is a power point presentation that was used to
provide information about Rabat with the objective of clarifying the background
about the place that the Mexican Tourists have. It has thirteen slides with text and
images of the place. It took fifteen minutes to present it, and it considered that this
would help the tourists during their trip.
3.4 Procedure
The procedure that was followed in this project had few steps. The first part
was considered a questionnaire with six questions with general information. Before
beginning this project, my tasks were to find out why Mexican tourists would
choose one place instead of Rabat as a worthy place to visit. This process was
made by evaluating some books and magazines that provided information about
Rabat. The second step was to show them the presentation with important
information about Rabat. The last step was done by applying the first questionnaire
and adding four more questions focused on the presentation about Rabat in order
to see if their perspective changed or not after the information was presented.
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In the step 1 it was needed to evaluate the reasons that they had when they
want to travel overseas. Students were asked to answer the questionnaire in the
most complete and sincere possible way. The questionnaire and the presentation
were deeply analyzed to obtain the data and important aspects that students would
probably take into account to choose one place instead of the other.
3.5 Data Analysis
The information obtained from the questionnaire was processed by doing an
analysis of each answered question. All this information was significant for this
thesis study; nevertheless, it was given priority to the questions referred to the
preferences that students considered when they choose a place to visit. The
presentation was analyzed in two ways; the first one shows the analysis by their
aspects taking advantages and disadvantages of the place. Then, the second
analysis was made by taking the reason that they had considered before choosing
a place. In order to obtain the results some graphics in the quantitative way were
used. All those elements helped to verify if the hypothesis in this research was
correct or not and accomplish the aforementioned objectives.
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