BDwbU
2
¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ I cÖv_©bv
f~wgKv :
¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ kã ywU mgv_©K| ms¯‹…Z ¯‘-avZz †_‡K G kã ywU G‡m‡Q| ¯‘-avZzi A_© cÖksmv Kiv| myZivs
¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ k‡ãi A_© cÖksmv| Ck¦‡ii ¸Y, ¶gZv, KxwZ© ev gwngv e¨³ K‡i cÖksmv Kivi bvg ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ |
¯Íe-†¯Ív·K ¯‘wZI ejv nq| †hgb Ñ M½v¯Íe, eªþ‡¯ÍvÎ, †`ex‡¯ÍvÎ, kÖxK…ò¯‘wZ BZ¨vw`|
Ck¦i RM‡Zi m„wóKZ©v, cvjbKZ©v I msnviKZ©v| A_©vr Zuvi B”Qv‡ZB gnvRM‡Zi mewKQz wbqwš¿Z n‡”Q|
Zuvi cÖwZ mevi i‡q‡Q Amxg fimv I wek¦vm|
wZwb Avgv‡`i Kj¨vY weavb K‡i _v‡Kb|
myZivs Zuvi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q Avgv‡`i DwPZ
Zuvi ¯‘wZ cvV Kiv|
cÖv_©bv k‡ãi A_© †Kv‡bv wKQz PvIqv| myZivs
Ck¦‡ii wbKU †Kv‡bv wKQz PvIqv‡K cÖv_©bv ejv
nq| †e`, Dcwbl`, cyivY, ivgvqY, gnvfviZ,
kÖxg™¢Me &MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÛx cÖf…wZ ag©MÖ‡š’
Ck¦‡ii A‡bK my›`i my›`i ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ I cÖv_©bv
i‡q‡Q| G BDwb‡U wn› yag©MÖš’ †_‡K K‡qKwU
¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ I evsjv cÖv_©bv mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
Qwe : cÖv_©bviZ
BDwbU mgvwßi mgq
BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 1 mßvn
GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV- 2:1 : ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ
cvV- 2:2 : †e` I Dcwbl‡`i gš¿
cvV- 2:3 : kªxg™¢Me &MxZv I kªxkªxPÛxi †køvK
cvV- 2:4 : evsjv cÖv_©bv
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-17
cvV-2.1 ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
†e`, Dcwbl`, kÖxg™¢Me`&MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÛx †_‡K M„nxZ Íe¸‡jv ï× D”Pvi‡Y Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ei evsjv A_© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖ‡Z¨K ͇ei Drm wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kã/
(Key Words)
†e`, Dcwbl`, kÖxg™¢Me`&&MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÛx, ‘wZ, mn¯ªv¶:, Z¡gvw`, AbšÍiƒc BZ¨vw`|
1| †e` :
mn¯ªkxl©v cyiylt mn¯ªv¶t mn¯ªcvr|
m f~wgs wek¦‡Zv e„Z¡vAZ¨wZôÏkv½yjg& \
(FM&‡e` 10/90/1)
kãv_© I UxKv :
mn¯ªkxl©v Ñ AmsL¨ g¯—K wewkó ; mn¯ªcvr Ñ AmsL¨ cv wewkó ; wek¦Zt e„Z¡v Ñ me w`‡K e¨vß ;
f~wgs Ñ RMr‡K ; m Ñ wZwb; cyiylt Ñ GLv‡b cyiyl ej‡Z cig cyiyl ev Ck¦i‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
AZ¨wZôÏkv½yjg& Ñ AwZ+AwZôr+`k+Av½yjg&;
FM&‡e` 10/90/1 Ñ GB m‡¼‡Zi Øviv †evSvq, FM&‡e‡`i `kg gÛ‡ji beŸBZg m~‡³i cÖ_g †køvK|
evsjv A_© : Ck¦‡ii mn¯ª g¯ÍK, mn¯ª P¶z I mn¯ª PiY| wZwb mg¯Í wek¦‡K e¨vß K‡i wek¦ A‡c¶v `k Av½ywj
cwigvY AwZwi³ n‡q Ae¯’vb K‡ib|
2| Dcwbl` :
me©Zt cvwYcv`šÍr me©‡Zvnw¶wk‡ivgyLg& | me©Zt kÖywZg‡jøv‡K me©gve„Z¨ wZôwZ \ (†k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl`, 3/16)
kãv_© I UxKv :
me©Zt Ñ me©Î, mKj; cvwYcv`g&Ñ n¯Í I c`; Aw¶wk‡ivgyLg&Ñ P¶z, g¯ÍK I gyL; kÖywZg‡jøv‡KÑ kÖywZgr+†jv‡K
(KY©+RM‡Z), me©gve„Z¨Ñ me©g&+Ave„Z¨ (mewKQz‡Z cwie¨vß), wZôwZÑ we`¨gvb Av‡Qb|
mijv_© :
mKj cÖvYxi n¯Í I c` ZuviB A_©vr eª‡þiB, mKj Rx‡ei P¶z, g¯ÍK Ges g~yyL ZuviB Ges mKj cÖvYxi KY©I ZuviB|
RM‡Z wZwb cÖvYxi †`‡n AvZ¥viƒ‡c Ae¯’vb K‡ib Ges mewKQz‡ZB cvwie¨vß Av‡Qb|
3| kÖxg™¢Me`&MxZv :
Z¡gvw`‡`et cyiylt cyivY-
¯—¡gm¨ wek¦m¨ cis wbavbg&|
†eËvwm †e`¨Â ci avg
Z¡qv ZZs wek¦gbšÍiƒc \
(MxZv 11/38)
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-18
kãv_© I UxKv :
cyivY¯—¡gm¨ Ñ cyivYt+Z¡g&+Am¨; Z¡gvw`‡`et Ñ Z¡g&&+Avw`‡`et (Zzwg Avw` †`eZv); cyivYt Ñ mbvZb; Z¡qvÑ
†Zvgvi Øviv; wek¦gbš—iƒc- wek¦g&+Abš—iƒc (†n AbšÍiƒc); †eËvwm (†eËv + Awm )- ÁvZv nb; ZZg& - e¨vß;
†e`¨Â (†e`¨g+P) - Rvbvi+Ges; MxZv 11/38- m‡¼‡Zi A_© kÖxg™¢Me`&MxZvi wek¦iƒc`k©b‡hvM bvgK GKv`k
Aa¨v‡qi 38 msL¨K †køvK|
evsjv A_© : †n AbšÍiƒc, Zzwg Avw` †`e, Abvw` cyiyl Ges we‡k¦i GKgvÎ AvkÖq¯’vb| Zzwg mewKQz Rvb, †Zvgv‡KB
Rvb‡Z nq, Zzwg cig ¯’vb Ges RMr‡K ZzwgB cwiev¨ß K‡i AvQ|
4| kÖxkÖxPÛx :
hv †`ex me©f~‡Zly kw³iƒ‡cY msw¯’Zv|
bg¯Í‰m¨ bg¯Í‰m¨ bg¯Í‰m¨ bv‡gv bgt \ (kÖxkÖxPÛx 5/32)
kãv_© I UxKv :
me©f~‡ZlyÑ mewKQzi †fZ‡i; msw¯’Zv Ñ w¯’Z, weivwRZ; bg¯Í‰m¨Ñ Zuv‡K bg¯‹vi;
kÖxkÖxPÛx 5/32- ms‡KZ Øviv †evSvq kÖxkÖxPÛxi cÂg Aa¨v‡qi 32 msL¨K †køvK|
evsjv A_© : †h †`ex mewKQzi †fZ‡i kw³iƒ‡c weivwRZ Av‡Qb, Zuv‡K bg¯‹vi, bg¯‹vi, evievi bg¯‹vi Kwi|
UxKv :
†k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl` :
cÖavb ev‡ivwU Dcwbl‡`i g‡a¨ †k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl` Ab¨Zg| GB Dcwbl` K…òhRy‡e©‡`i AšÍf©y³| †k¦Z A_© ï× I
Ak¦Zi A_© Bw›`ªq| A_©vr †k¦Zvk¦Zi k‡ãi fvev_© msh‡Zw›`ªq| Fwl †k¦Zvk¦Zi Gi cÖe³v| Avgiv †Kv_v †_‡K
G‡mwQ, R‡b¥i ci Kvi Øviv Rxeb aviY KiwQ Ges aŸs‡mi c‡i †Kv_vq Avgv‡`i w¯’wZ n‡e Ñ GB wZbwU cÖkœ
†k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl‡`i cÖavb Av‡jvP¨ welq iƒ‡c Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
`ªóe¨ : †e`, Dcwbl` cÖf„wZ ˆew`K ag©MÖ‡š’i KweZv¸‡jv‡K ejv nq gš¿ Ges ˆew`K hy‡Mi cie©Zx Kv‡j ms¯‹…Z
fvlvq iwPZ ag©MÖ‡š’i KweZv¸‡jv‡K ejv nq †køvK|
Iu=A+D+g&| A=weòz , D= g‡nk¦i, g&= eªþv| myZivs Iu k‡ãi A_© eªþv, weòy I g‡nk¦i| A_©vr m„wó, cvjb I
msnviKZ©v Ck¦i| GB gš¿wU‡K cÖYe ejv nq|
mvims‡¶c :
FM&‡e`, †k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl`, kÖxg™¢Me`&MxZv I kÖxkÖxPÛx †_‡K msKwjZ GB PviwU gš¿ I †køv‡K Ck¦‡ii ¸Y-
Kx©Zb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †køvK¸‡jv †_‡K cÖwZcbœ nq †h, Ck¦i me©Î cwie¨vß| Avgiv hv wKQz †`L‡Z cvw”Q, meB Zuvi
cÖKvk| Zuvi AbšÍ iƒc, AbšÍ ¸Y | wZwb kw³iƒ‡c me©Î weivwRZ| ZvB Avgiv Zuv‡K cÖYvg RvbvB|
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-19
cvV-2.2 †e` I Dcwbl‡`i gš¿
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
ˆew`K cÖv_©bv¸‡jv h_vh_ Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖv_©bv-gš¿ ‡jvi evsjv A_© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
msKwjZ gš¿ ‡jvi AvKi MÖ‡š’i bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kã/
(Key Words)
cÖv_©bv, wb`k©b, mgvbx, bveeZz, kvwšÍ, wRRxwe‡lr, bvb¨‡_‡Zvnw¯Í, FM&&‡e`, mvg‡e`, K‡Vvcwbl`,
C‡kvcwbl` BZ¨vw`|
welqe¯‘ :
†e` c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg ag©Mªš’| †e`‡K wn› ya‡g©i Avw` wb`k©b wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| †e` Pvi fv‡M wef³
h_v: FM&‡e`, mvg‡e`, hRy‡e©` Ges A_e©‡e`| †e`‡K †K› ª K‡i †h ag©`k©b I mvwnZ¨ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Zv
AZ¨š— g~j¨evb| c„w_exi cÖvPxb BwZnvm Rvbvi †¶‡ÎI G Mªš’mg~‡ni Øvi¯’ n‡Z nq| ZvB ag©xq Ges
HwZnvwmK Kvi‡Y Gi g~j¨ Acwimxg|
†e‡`i cÖv_©bv :
1| mgvbx e AvKzwZt mgvbv n„`qvwb et|
Mgvbg¯‘ †ev g‡bv h_v et mymnvmwZ \
(F‡M¦`, 10.191.4)
kãv_© I UxKv :
mgvbx Ñ mgvb, GK ; et Ñ †Zvgv‡`i ; AvKzwZt Ñ AwfcÖvq; ü`qvwb Ñ AšÍtKiY ;
evsjv A_© :
†Zvgv‡`i AwfcÖvq GK †nvK, AšÍtKiY GK †nvK, gb GK †nvK, †Zvgiv †hb me©vs‡k m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c GK gZ
nI|
†e‡`i cÖv_©bv :
2| AMœ Av hvwn exZ‡q
M„Yv‡bv ne¨`vZ‡q|
wb †nvZv mrwm ewn©wl \ (mvg‡e`, 1/1/1) UxKv :
mvg‡e‡`i gš¿mg~n g~jZ Mvb| G¸‡jv MvIqv n‡Zv| 1/1/1 m‡¼‡Zi Øviv mvg‡e‡`i c~e©vwP©‡Ki cÖ_g
Aa¨v‡qi cÖ_g Kv‡Ûi cÖ_g gš¿ †evSvq|
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-20
evsjv A_© :
†n AwMœ‡`e, Avb‡›`i Rb¨ G‡mv| ¯Íehy³ n‡q AvûwZfvi †`e‡jv‡K enb K‡i wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ G‡mv| †n
†`eM‡Yi AvnŸvbKvix, Zzwg hÁvm‡b Dc‡ekb Ki|
Dcwbl‡`i cÖv_©bv :
1| Iu mn bveeZz, mn †bŠ fzb³z
mn exh©s Kieve‰n|
†ZRw¯ bveaxZg¯‘—, gv wewØlve‰n \
Iu kvwšÍt kvwšÍt kvwšÍt \
(K‡Vvcwbl`, kvwšÍgš¿)
kãv_© I UxKv :
bveeZz(†bŠ+AeZy), †bŠ Ñ Avgv‡`i| GLv‡b Avgv‡`i ej‡Z ¸iy-wkl¨ ev wk¶K I wk¶v_©x| wk¶K Zvi
wb‡Ri I wk¶v_©xi Df‡qi Rb¨ GKB mv‡_ cÖv_©bv Ki‡Qb| AeZy Ñ i¶v Kiyb; Kieve‰n Ñ jvf Ki‡Z
cvwi| bveaxZg¯‘ Ñ †bŠ+AaxZg&+A¯‘| bveaxZg& Ñ Avgv‡`i AaxZ we`¨v; †ZRw¯^ Ñ †ZRw¯; gv Ñ bv;
wewØlve‰n Ñ we‡Ølhy³, Avgiv †hb ci¯úi we‡Ølhy³ bv nB|
evsjv A_© : (eªþ) Avgv‡`i Dfq‡K mgfv‡e i¶v Kiyb| Dfq‡K mgfv‡e we`¨vdj `vb Kiyb| Avgiv †hb
mgfv‡e kw³gvb n‡Z cvwi| Avgv‡`i AaxZ we`¨v †ZR¯x †nvK| Avgiv †hb KvD‡K wnsmv bv Kwi|
Avgv‡`i weNœmg~‡ni kvwšÍ †nvK, kvwšÍ †nvK, kvwšÍ †nvK|
Dcwbl‡`i cÖv_©bv :
2| Kze©‡bœ‡en Kg©vwY wRRxwe‡lr kZs mgvt|
Ges Z¡wq bvb¨‡_‡Zvnw¯Í b Kg© wjc¨‡Z b‡i \
( C‡kvcwbl`-2)
kãv_© I UxKv :
Kze©‡bœ‡en Ñ Kye©b&+Ge+Bn (RM‡Z) ; Kg©vwY Ñ mKjKg©; wRRxwe‡lr Ñ RxweZ _vKvi B”Qv Ki‡e; kZs
mgvt Ñ kZ eQi; Z¡wq b‡i Ñ †Zvgv‡Z gvbyl; b Kg© wjc¨‡Z Ñ K‡g© wjß n‡e bv; BZt Ñ wfbœ, e¨ZxZ;
bvb¨‡_‡Zvnw¯Í (b+Ab¨_v+BZt+Aw¯—) Ñ G wfbœ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv c_ †bB|
evsjv A_© :
G RMr msmv‡ii me KZ©e¨ Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i kZ eQi RxweZ _vKvi B”Qv †cvlY Ki‡e| †n gvbyl, G
cÖKv‡i Kg© Ki‡j Zzwg Kg©e܇b wjß n‡e bv| RM‡Z Kg© e¨ZxZ †eu‡P _vKvi wfbœ †Kv‡bv c_ †bB|
UxKv :
C‡kvcwbl` :
Dcwbl`wUi cÖ_g kã Ckv; GRb¨ G‡K C‡kvcwbl` ejv nq| C‡kvcwbl` ïK¬hRy‡e© Gi evRm‡bqx
mswnZvi †kl Aa¨vq| ZvB G‡K evRm‡bqx mswn‡Zvcwbl`I ejv nq| C‡kvcwbl`‡K †KD †KD me©cÖvPxb
Dcwbl` e‡j g‡b K‡ib| G Dcwbl‡` gvÎ 18wU gš¿ i‡q‡Q| gš¿ wji g‡a¨ we`¨v, Awe`¨v I K‡g©i
PgrKvi Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| ZvB GwU msw¶ß n‡jI ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ Gi ’vb A‡bK D‡”P|
K‡Vvcwbl` :
K‡Vvcwbl` GKwU AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb Dcwbl`| KV+Dcwbl` = K‡Vvcwbl`| GB Dcwbl`wU K…òhRy‡e©‡`i
ˆZwËixq kvLvi K‡Vv eªvþ‡Yi AšÍM©Z| G Rb¨ Gi bvg K‡Vvcwbl`| hg I bwP‡KZvi DcvL¨v‡bi gva¨‡g
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-21
GB Dcwbl‡` eªþwe`¨v Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| GwU 2wU Aa¨v‡q wef³ Ges cÖwZ Aa¨v‡q 3wU K‡i †gvU 6wU
ej�x i‡q‡Q| K‡Vvcwbl‡`i gš¿ msL¨v 119wU|
mvims‡¶c :
FM&‡e‡`i msKwjZ gš¿wU‡Z me©‡Zvfv‡e HK¨e× nIqvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvg‡e‡`i gš¿wU‡Z
AwMœ‡`e‡K AvûwZfvi †`e‡jvK wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Rvbv‡”Qb| K‡Vvcwbl‡`i kvwš—g‡š¿ Fwl
wb‡R‡K I Zuvi wkl¨MY‡K mgfv‡e i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Ges Zuv‡`i AaxZ we`¨vi DbœwZi Rb¨ eª‡þi wbKU
cÖv_©bv Ki‡Qb| wZwb Awnsmvi Av`‡k© DØy× n‡ZI †P‡q‡Qb| C‡kvcwbl‡`i gš¿wU‡Z KZ©e¨ Kg© Kivi
ga¨ w`‡q kZ eQi †eu‡P _vKvi †Póv Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q|
cvV-2.3 kÖxg™¢Me &MxZv I kÖxkÖxPÛxi †køvK
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
kªxg™¢Me`&MxZv I kªxkªxPÛxi ms¯‹…Z †køvK¸‡jv ï×fv‡e Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwZwU †køv‡Ki evsjv A_© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
†køvK¸‡jvi Drm wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kã/
(Key Words)
gnvfviZ, gvK©‡Ûq cyivY, mßkZx, K…ò‰Øcvqb e¨vm, MxZv, Áv‡bb, kÖ×vevb&, ki‡Y¨, bvivqwY;
kÖxg™¢Me &MxZv :
gnwl© K…ò‰Øcvqb e¨vm‡`e iwPZ gnvfvi‡Zi fx®§c‡e©i AšÍM©Z cuwPkZg Aa¨vq †_‡K weqvwjøkZg Aa¨vq ch©šÍ
†gvU AvV‡ivwU Aa¨v‡qi mvZkZ †køv‡Ki mgwó kÖxg`&fMe`&MxZv| G MÖ‡š’ mvZkZ †køvK _vKvi Rb¨ Gi Av‡iK bvg
mßkZx| Kziy‡¶Î hy‡×i cÖv°v‡j fMevb kÖxK…ò AR©yb‡K †hme K_v e‡j‡Qb ZviB bvg kÖxg`&fMe`&MxZv, ms‡¶‡c
MxZv| MxZv mKj Dcwbl‡`i mvie¯Íy Aej¤‡b iwPZ| MxZv MÖš’wU Ávb, Kg© I fw³‡hv‡Mi GK Ac~e© mgšq|
†Kej ag©Mªš’ iƒ‡c bq, `vk©wbK Kve¨Mªš’iƒ‡cI MxZv c„w_exi Ab¨Zg †kÖô Mªš’| GwU mbvZb ag©vej¤xM‡Yi wbZ¨
cwVZ ag©MÖš’|
kªxg™¢Me`&MxZvi †køvK :
1| b wn Áv‡bb m`„ks cweÎwgn we`¨‡Z|
Zr ¯qs †hvMmswm×t Kv‡jbvZ¥wb we›`wZ \
(MxZv, 4/38)
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-22
kãv_© I UxKv:
cweÎwgn (cweÎg&+Bn) Ñ RM‡Z cweÎ; Áv‡bb m`„ks Ñ Áv‡bi mgvb; b wn we`¨‡Z Ñ wbtm‡›`‡n wKQzB †bB;
Zr Ñ †mB Ávb; Kv‡jb Ñ mwVK mg‡q; †hvMmswm×t Ñ wm×MY; ¯qs Ñ wb‡R; AvZ¥wb Ñ AvZ¥v‡Z, we›`wZ Ñ
Abyfe K‡ib|
evsjv A_© : RM‡Z Áv‡bi g‡Zv cweÎKvix wKQzB wbtm‡›`‡n Avi †bB| †m Ávb‡K mwVK mg‡q †hvMwm×MY
wbR AvZ¥v‡Z Abyfe K‡ib|
2| kª×vevb& jf‡Z Ávbs Zrcit msh‡Zw›`ªqt|
Ávbs jäv civs kvwšÍgwP‡iYvwaM”QwZ \ (MxZv-4/39)
UxKv I kãv_© :
jf‡Z Ñ jvf K‡ib, Zrci Ñ mva‡b Zrci, msh‡Zw›`ªqt Ñ Bw›`ªq wel‡q mshZ, jäv Ñ jvf K‡i,
kvwšÍg& AwP‡iY AwaM”QwZ Ñ kxNÖB kvwšÍ jvf K‡ib |
mijv_© :
whwb kª×vevb, GKwbô mvab Zrci Ges wR‡Zw›`ªq wZwb Ávb jvf K‡ib| AvZ¥Ávb jvf K‡i kxNÖB wZwb cig
kvwšÍ jvf K‡ib|
3| wKixwUbs Mw`bs Pµn¯Íwg”Qvwg Z¡vs `ªózgns Z‰_e|
†Z‰be iƒ‡cY PZyf©y‡Rb mn¯ªev‡nv fe wek¦g~‡Z© \
(MxZv, 11/46)
kãv_© I UxKv :
wKixwUbs Ñ gyKzUhy³; Z¡vs Ñ †Zvgv‡K; Pµn¯Íwg”Qvwg Ñ Pµn¯Íg&+B”Qvwg(B”Qv Kwi)| `ªózgns(`ªózg&+ Ang&) Ñ Avwg
†`L‡Z B”Qv Kwi; †Z‰be Ñ †Zb+Ge; wek¦g~‡Z© Ñ †n wek¦ ^iƒc|
kªxg™¢Me`&MxZv 11/46- Gi Øviv kªxg™¢Me`&MxZvi wek¦iƒc`k©b bvgK GKv`k Aa¨v‡qi 46Zg †køvK †evSvq|
Dw³wU ARy©‡bi|
evsjv A_© : gyKzU cwiwnZ Ges M`v I Pµavix †Zvgvi c~‡e©i iƒcwU Avwg †`L‡Z B”Qv Kwi| †n mn¯ªevû, †n
wek¦ iƒc, Zzwg †mB PZzfy©R iƒc aviY Ki|
kÖxkªxPÛx :
kÖxkªxPÛx gvK©‡Ûq cyiv‡Yi AšÍM©Z| G‡Z mvZk gš¿ _vKvq Gi bvgI mßkZx| gvK©‡Ûq cyiv‡Yi 81 †_‡K 93
Aa¨vq ch©š— †Z‡ivwU Aa¨v‡qi bvgB ÒPÛxÓ| gvK©‡Ûq cyiv‡Y PÛxi bvg †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Ò†`exgvnvZ¥¨Ó| PÛx‡Z
†`ex `yM©vi D™¢e I gwngv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PÛxI MxZvi g‡Zv wecyjfv‡e cwVZ ag©Mªš’| `yM©vc~Rvi mgq we‡Ûlfv‡e
PÛx cvV Kiv KZ©e¨|
kÖxkªxPÛxi †køvK :
1| me©g½jg½‡j¨ wk‡e me©v_©mvwa‡K|
ki‡Y¨ Ψ¤‡K †MŠwi bvivqwY b‡gvn¯‘ †Z \ (11/10)
kãv_© I UxKv :
me©g½jg½‡j¨ Ñ mKj g½‡j g½j ¯iƒwcYx; wk‡e Ñ g½jgqx; me©v_©mvwa‡K(me©-A_©-mvwa‡K) Ñ mKj cÖKvi Afxó
mvwaKv; ki‡Y¨ Ñ kiY‡hvM¨v; Ψ¤‡K Ñ wÎbqbv; b‡gvn¯‘ †Z (bgt A¯‘y †Z) Ñ †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi|
A_© : †n bvivqYx, Zzwg mKj g½‡ji g½jKvwiYx, g½jgqx, me©cÖKvi Afxó mvwaKv, Avkªq¯iƒcv, wÎbqbv I †MŠix,
†Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi Kwi|
2| m„wów¯’wZwebvkvbvs kw³f~‡Z mbvZwb|
¸Yvkª‡q ¸Yg‡q bvivqwY b‡gvn¯‘ †Z \ (11/11)
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-23
kãv_© :
m„wów¯’wZwebvkvbvs Ñ m„wó, w¯’wZ I webv‡ki ; kw³f~‡Z Ñ kw³¯iƒwcYx; mbvZwb Ñ wbZ¨, mZ¨¸‡Yi Avavi;
¸Yg‡q Ñ ¸Ygqx; bvivqwY Ñ bvivqYkw³, ˆeòex|
mijv_© :
†n m„wów¯’wZ webv‡ki kw³¯iƒwcYx, mbvZbx ¸‡Yi Avkªqf~Zv, ¸Ygqx I bvivqYx, †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi Kwi|
mvims‡¶c :
kªxg™¢Me`&MxZv †_‡K D×…Z 4/38-39 †køv‡K fMevb Áv‡bi †kÖôZ¡ †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb Ges whwb kª×vevb,
mvabZrci wR‡Zw›`ªq wZwbB AvZ¥Ávb jvf K‡i cig kvwšÍ jvf K‡ib| 11/46 †køv‡K Z…Zxq cvÛe AR©yb
fMevb kÖxK…‡òi wek¦iƒc `k©b †k‡l Zuvi kvšÍ I w¯œ» PZzfy©R g~wZ© `k©‡bi cÖv_©bv Rvwb‡q‡Qb| kªxkªxPÛx †_‡K
DׄZ GKv`k Aa¨v‡qi `kg I GKv`k †køv‡K g½j`vÎx I m„wó, w¯’wZ Ges webv‡ki †`ex PÛx‡K bg¯‹vi
Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
cvV-2.4 evsjv cÖv_©bv
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
ï× D”Pvi‡Y msKwjZ evsjv cÖv_©bv wZbwU Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖv_©bv wZbwUi fvev_© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖv_©bv wZbwUi iPwqZvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kã/
(Key Words)
AšÍi, wbg©j, weKwkZ, PiYcÙ, mvšÍ¦bv, wec`, eÂbv, evwi, evmbv, weZi, †cÖg, kvwšÍ, c~Y©,
g½j, cÖfz, ZviKv, Zcb BZ¨vw`|
welqe¯‘ :
1| Aš—i gg weKwkZ K‡iv AšÍiZi †n-
wbg©j K‡iv, D¾¡j K‡iv, my›`i K‡iv †n \
RvMÖZ K‡iv, D`¨Z K‡iv, wbf©q K‡iv †n|
g½j K‡iv, wbijm wbtmskq K‡iv †n \
hy³ K‡iv †n mevi m‡½, gy³ K‡iv †n eÜ|
mÂvi K‡iv mKj K‡g© kvšÍ †Zvgvi Q›` \
PiYc‡Ù gg wPZ wb¯úw›`Z K‡iv †n|
bw›`Z K‡iv, bw›`Z K‡iv, bw›`Z K‡iv †n \
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-24
(iex› ªbv_ VvKzi, MxZweZvb)
kãv_© I UxKv :
D`¨Z Ñ D`¨gkxj, cÖe„Ë, Dš§yL; wb¯úw›`Z Ñ w¯’i, AwePj; bw›`Z Ñ Avbw›`Z, †ZvwlZ|
mÂvi Ñ mÂvjb, MwZ BZ¨vw`| eÜ- euvab|
fvev_© :
†n AšÍh©vgx, Zzwg Avgvi ü`q ïå, my›`i I D¾¡jiƒ‡c weKwkZ K‡i †Zvj| Avgv‡K m‡PZb I D`¨gx
K‡iv; Avgvi fq, mskq I AjmZv ~i K‡i g½j weavb K‡iv| Avgv‡K eÜb †_‡K gy³ K‡i mevi m‡½
†Zvgvi kvšÍ Q›`gq mKj K‡g© hy³ K‡iv| †Zvgvi PiYc‡Ù Avgvi ü`q AwePj K‡i Avb›` weavb K‡iv|
2| wec‡` †gv‡i i¶v K‡iv G b‡n †gvi cÖv_©bvÑ
wec‡` Avwg bv †hb Kwi fq|
ytLZv‡c e¨w_Z wP‡Z bvB ev w`‡j mvšÍ¡bv,
yt‡L †hb Kwi‡Z cvwi Rq \
mnvq †gvi bv hw` Ry‡U wb‡Ri ej bv †hb Uz‡U-
msmv‡i‡Z NwU‡j ¶wZ, jwf‡j ïay eÂbv,
wb‡Ri g‡b bv †hb gvwb ¶q \
Avgv‡i Zzwg Kwi‡e ÎvY G b‡n †gvi cÖv_©bvÑ
Zwi‡Z cvwi kKwZ †hb iq|
Avgvi fvi jvNe Kwi bvB ev w`‡j mvšÍ¡bv,
ewn‡Z cvwi Ggwb †hb nq \
b¤ªwk‡i my‡Li w`‡b †Zvgvwi gyL jBe wP‡b Ñ
y‡Li iv‡Z wbwLj aiv †h w`b K‡i eÂbv
†Zvgv‡i †hb bv Kwi mskq \
(iex› ªbv_ VvKzi, MxZweZvb)
kãv_© I UxKv:
Zwi‡Z Ñ cvi n‡Z; ÎvY Ñ D×vi, cwiÎvY; ytLZv‡c Ñ y†Li Av¸‡b: Uy‡U Ñ P~Y© ev †f‡O: mnvq Ñ
mvnvh¨, kKwZ Ñ kw³, ej; b¤ªwk‡i Ñ bZ g¯Í‡K; wbwLj aiv Ñ mg¯Í c„w_ex; eÂbv Ñ cÖZviYv|
fvev_© :
wec‡` Avgv‡K i¶v K‡iv I yt‡L mvšÍ¦bv `vI GgbUv PvB bv, PvB wec‡` Avwg †hb fq bv cvB Ges yt‡L
†hb Rq Ki‡Z cvwi; RMr msmv‡i hw` eÂbv I ¶wZi wkKvi nB Ges †KD hw` mnvq bv nq Zey †hb
g‡bvej AUzU _v‡K| Avgv‡K Zzwg cwiÎvY K‡iv, wbf©vi K‡iv Ggb PvB bv, †Zvgvi Kv‡Q cÖfy PvB wec`
AwZµg‡Yi I fvien‡bi kw³| ytmg‡q hw` mevB eÂbvI K‡i †Zvgvi cÖwZ †hb mskqnxb _vwK Ges
mymg‡q b¤ªwk‡i †Zvgv‡K †hb eiY K‡i †bB|
3| ewil aiv-gv‡S kvwšÍi evwi
ﮋ ü`q j‡q Av‡Q uvovB‡q
EaŸ©gy‡L bi-bvix \
bv _v‡K AÜKvi, bv _v‡K †gvncvc,
bv _v‡K †kvK-cwiZvc|
ü`q wegj †nvK, cÖvY mej †nvK,
weNœ `vI Acmvwi \
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-25
†Kb G wnsmv‡Øl, †Kb G QÙ‡ek,
†Kb G gvb-Awfgvb|
weZi, weZi †cÖg cvlvY ü`‡q,
Rq, Rq †nvK †Zvgvwi \
(iex› ªbv_ VvKzi, MxZweZvb)
kãv_© I UxKv :
ewil Ñ el©Y K‡iv; evwi Ñ Rj; †gvncvc Ñ †gvnRwbZ cvc; Acmvwi Ñ AcmviY K‡i; QÙ‡ek Ñ Qjbvi
iƒc; cvlvY Ñ wbôzi ; weZi Ñ weZiY Ki|
fvev_© :
wnsmv-we‡Øl I cvc-Zv‡c cwic~Y© GB c„w_ex‡Z AvR kvwš— †bB| gvby‡li wbim ü`‡q KiyYv †bB; †n
Ck¦i †Zvgvi Acvi AbyMÖ‡n gvby‡li g‡a¨ hw` gvqv-gZZv, †¯œn-fv‡jvevmv cÖf„wZ gvbweK Abyf~wZ¸‡jvi
cÖKvk I weKvk N‡U Zvn‡j c„w_ex Avevi kvwšÍgq GK evm‡hvM¨ f~wg‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e| †n †cÖggq
mK‡ji g½j weavbKvix, †Zvgvi Rq †nvK|
4| Zzwg wbg©j Ki g½j K‡i
gwjb gg© gyQv‡q ;
Ze cyY¨ wKiY w`‡q hvK †gvi
†gvn-Kvwjgv NyPv‡q|
j¶¨k~b¨ j¶-evmbv
QzwU‡Q Mfxi Auvav‡i,
Rvwb bv KLb Wz‡e hv‡e †Kvb
AK~j Mij-cv_v‡i|
cÖfy, wek¦-wec`-nšÍv
Zzwg uvovI iywaqv cš’v ;
Ze kÖxPiYZ‡j wb‡q Gm †gvi
gË evmbv ¸Qv‡q|
AvQ Abj-Awj‡b, wPi b‡fvbx‡j,
f~ai-mwjj-Mn‡b,
AvQ weUcx-jZvq, Rj‡`i Mvq,
kkx ZviKvq Zc‡b|
Avwg bq‡b emb euvwaqv
e‡m Auvav‡i gwi †Mv Kuvw`qv,
Avwg †`wL bvB wKQy, eywS bvB wKQz,
`vI †n †`Lv‡q eySv‡q \
(iRbxKvšÍ †mb)
kãv_© I UxKv :
j¶¨ k~b¨ Ñ D‡Ïk¨nxb; cš’v Ñ c_, Dcvq; Mij Ñ wel; cv_vi Ñ mvMi, mgy ª; Abj Ñ Av¸b; Awbj Ñ
evZvm; b‡fvbx‡j Ñ bxj AvKv‡k; f‚ai Ñ ce©Z; weUcx Ñ e„¶; Rj` Ñ †gN; gg© Ñ ü`q, AšÍi|
fvev_© :
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-26
AšÍnxb Kvgbv-evmbvgq GB c„w_ex‡Z cÖK…Z kvwšÍ weij| †fvMvKv•¶vi mn‡R wbe„wË N‡U bv e‡j gvby‡li
cÖZ¨vkv I cÖvwßi gv‡S Ac~Y©Zv †_‡K hvq| d‡j †m cÖwZwbqZ ytL †fvM K‡i| G †_‡K gyw³i GKgvÎ
Dcvq wek¦ ªóv kÖxfMev‡bi cv`c‡Ù wb‡R‡K mgc©Y Kiv| Ck¦‡ii ivZzj Pi‡Y wb‡R‡K ¯’vcb Ki‡Z
cvi‡jB †ivM-†kvK I cvc-Zv‡c cwic~Y© GB cw¼j c„w_ex‡Z cÖK„Z kvwšÍ jvf Kiv hvq|
mvims‡¶c :
cÖ_g cvVwU‡Z fq, mskq I AjmZv `~i K‡i wb‡Ri AšÍi ïå, my›`iiƒ‡c weKwkZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Rvbv‡bv
nq| wØZxq cvVwU‡Z RM‡Zi wec‡` †e`bvq, `ytLZv‡c Ges bvbv ai‡bi eÂbv I ¶wZi †gvKvwejvq AvZ¥kw³
jv‡fi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Ges ¯ªóvi AUj wek¦v‡mi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq I PZz_© cÖv_©bvq wnsmv-we‡Øl, cv‡c-Zv‡c
c~Y© c„w_exi gvby‡li Rb¨ kvwšÍ Ges Kvgbvi cv‡k Ave× gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Rvbv‡bv
n‡q‡Q|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-2.
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b
1. FM&‡e‡`i cÖv_©bv gš¿wU †Kvb gÛj †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q ?
K. cÖ_g L. PZz_©
M. `kg N. wØZxq
2. MxZvi PZz_© Aa¨v‡qi 38Zg †køvKwU Kvi Dw³?
K. AR©y‡bi L. a„Ziv‡óªi
M. mćqi N. kªxK…‡òi
3. ¯Íe-†¯Ív‡Îi gva¨‡g Ck¦i ev †`e-†`exi-
i) ¸Y I gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Kiv nq ii) cÖksmv Kiv nq
iii) `vex-`vIqv Kiv nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
K) i L) ii M) i I iii N) i I ii
A¨vKwUwfwU ( wb‡R
Kwi) /wk¶v_©xi KvR
wec‡` †gv‡i i¶v K‡iv G b‡n †gvi cÖv_©bv Ñ G evsjv cÖv_©bvwU wk‡L bv †`‡L
wbf©yjfv‡e †jLvi †Póvi Kiyb|
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
BDwbU-2 c„ôv-27
wb‡Pi AskUzKz co–b Ges 4 I 5 bs cª‡kœi DËi w`b:
†`ejxbv cÖwZw`b mKv‡j ¯œvb †m‡i GKLvwb ag©MÖš’ cvV K‡ib| MÖš’wU c„w_ex‡Z wn› ya‡g©i `vk©wbK
Kve¨iƒ‡c mycwiwPZ| GMÖ‡š’ fMevb kªxK…ò Zuvi wcÖq mLv AR©yb‡K Ávb‡hvM, Kg©‡hvM, fw³‡hvMmn ag©vag©
m¤ú‡K© wk¶v`vb K‡i‡Qb|
4. †`ejxbvi cwVZ MÖ‡š’i bvg Ñ
K) kªxkªxPÛx L) kªxg™¢Me &MxZv
M) gbymswnZv N) †e`
5. †`ejxbvi †PZbv Avgiv Rxe‡b Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡ev Ñ
i) kªxK…ò I AR©y‡bi msjvc ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i
ii) cÖwZw`b MxZv cvV K‡i
iii) cÖwZw`‡bi KZ©e¨Kg© cvjb K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) i I iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:
Ck¦i I †`e-†`exi mš‘wói Rb¨ wn› yMY ¯Íe K‡i _v‡Kb| †e`, Dcwbl`, kªxg™¢Me &MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÛx cÖf„wZ
MÖ‡š’ my›`i my›`i ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ i‡q‡Q| Gme ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ AvwZ¥K cywó †hvMvq| ZvB e¨w³ Rxe‡b G m‡ei
¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|
K) C‡kvcwbl‡`i gš¿wU wjLyb|
L) Ôb wn Áv‡bb m „ks cweÎwgn we`¨‡ZÕ Ñ e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
M) kªxkªxPÛxi 5/32 †køvKwU wjLyb|
N) †e‡`i ¸iyZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-2 : 1. (M), 2. (K), 3.(N), 4. (L), 5. (N)
Top Related