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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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IHO% NDYMKZ JKEPK^ Z[JMO
MEPZO@[HHME DCRKEXDLMKEPO MXCLMHO
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
Iopo `k Rozpd`d% Cd Lkhd &Xdazd`d Lk~t{mpd `k cd Lkhd , Dc,Ldxnm` Dc,Fdzdl% Ymxpd eohp{zed-
fppr>//looexmafpmea%hol/mldakx/ldggdf%nra
Kxpdp{d ke folkednk d Dykzzokx ke x{ h m{`d` edpdc Hz`ojd &De`dc{hd# Kxrdd-
Ojzd `kc kxh{cpoz Rdjco ]{xpm
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E@MHK 0KXP[@MO RZKCMLMEDZ
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KC L[E@O @K CD RZOIKHD 4:
HOZE# X[EED# XFDZMD ] COX HMEHO RMCDZKX :2
ZKCMAME ] IMCOXOID :6
MXCDL ] OHHM@KEPK 88
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
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HLO I[K CD AKZLMEDHME @K CD IMCOXOID
KE DC,DE@DC[X? 44:
CD IMCOXOID DE@DC[X KE PMKLROX @K
COX DCLOZYM@KX 44=
CD ZKIOZLD ZKCMAMOXD ] CD ZKYMPDCM^DHME
MEPKCKHP[DC DCLOFD@K% 4::
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MJE JD]]D `k ^DZDAO^D 48:
MJE P[ID]C `k A[D@MV 40:
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JMJCMOAZDID JXMHD 469
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
MXCDL
M%
Cd Fmxpozmd `k cd Imcoxoid o `kc Rkexdlmkepo Ohhm`kepdc eo ekhkxmpd#akekzdclkepk# cdzadx mepzo`{hhmoekx rzkxkepd`o cox hoepkvpox ke cox t{k x{zam%
Xoe hoeohm`ox roz hdxm po`ox rozt{k kx# xmlrck } ccdedlkepk# e{kxpzo rdxd`o#
`kc h{dc fklox o`o fdjcdz meimem`d` `k ykhkx7 } t{k# `k dcae lo`o { opzo#
fklox kxp{`md`o }d `kx`k cd k`{hdhme kxhocdz jxmhd% Kxpo eo oh{zzk hoe opzox
rkexdlmkepox } imcoxoidx% Kx roz co t{k ke cdx Fmxpozmdx `k cd Imcoxoid }
Rkexdlmkepo ozmkepdc k mxclmho cdx mepzo`{hhmoekx pmkeke t{k xkz cdzadx }rzocmndx% Rzmlkzo# kx l{hfo kc `kxhoeohmlmkepo `k cdx hdpkaozdx jxmhdx#
xohmdckx# h{cp{zdckx } zkcmamoxdx# t{k x{xpkepde kxox opzox l{e`ox% C{kao# kxpe
cox rzkn{mhmox mepkzkxd`ox } cdx mepkzrzkpdhmoekx kzzekdx t{k xk x{kcke pkekz `k
kxdx opzdx ymxmoekx `kc l{e`o# cd ym`d } kc foljzk%
Fdxpd eo fdhk l{hfo kc rkexdlmkepo mxclmho kzd rzoi{e`dlkepk
maeozd`o% Rohox zkhoeohde t{k i{kzoe cox l{x{cldekx cox t{k pzdexlmpmkzoe cdfkzkehmd `k cd Depmak`d`% D`klx `k t{k# } eo kx {ed h{kxpme lkzdlkepk
dekh`pmhd# i{k cd imcoxoid mxclmhd cd t{k mehm`m ke kc rkexdlmkepo cdpmeo `k cd
K`d` Lk`md# } eo dc hoepzdzmo% Po`o co zkcdhmoed`o hoe kc Mxcdl roz {e cd`o fd
x{izm`o kc ocym`o } cd `kxm`md `k cd ld}ozd `k cox xkhpozkx mepkckhp{dckx }
dhd`lmhox k{zorkox7 } roz opzo# ke kc emykc ror{cdz# fd xmljocm~d`o dc pkzzoz } d
cd `kydxpdhme> {ed zkcmame ymockepd i{e`d`d roz {e idepmho rdzd akepk
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
mepockzdepk# xkhpdzmd } l{} ldemr{cdjck% Eo kx kvpzdo# depk po`o kxpo# t{k cd
imcoxoid mxclmhd fd}d xm`o xmklrzk {e rkexdlmkepo ocym`d`o rdzd kc azde
rjcmho# } t{k xco ck fd rzkxpd`o dpkehme {e rkt{ko az{ro `k kvrkzpox%
MM%
Rkzo kc Mxcdl kx {ed holrcknd zkdcm`d` h{}o ehcko rzmehmrdc kx {ed
zkcmame t{k dhkrpd d @mox holo cd emhd } ykz`d`kzd zkdcm`d` `k cd t{k po`o
`krke`k } pmkek ke cd lx dcpd kxpmld dc Rzoikpd L{fdlld`# x{ Keymd`o% Rkzo
kxpk ehcko zkcmamoxo eo daopd dc Mxcdl# t{k pdljme kx {ed hoehkrhme `kc l{e`oke cd t{k kxpe mlrcmhd`dx pdepo {ed ozadem~dhme xohmdc } rocpmhd holo {ed
hmymcm~dhme ldpkzmdc } {ed h{cp{zd kxrmzmp{dc&A{kzzkzo# :220>:2=-%
Mxcdl pdljme lkehmoed ma{dclkepk kc ljmpo kxrdhmdc } akoazimho ke t{k
ymyk cd hol{em`d` mxclmhd# @dz dc,Mxcdl o cd !hdxd `kc Mxcdl!# izkepk dc zkxpo `kc
{emykzxo eo l{x{cle# @dz dc,Fdzj o !hdxd `k cd a{kzzd!% N{epo d kxpox dxrkhpox
fd} opzox l{hfox `k azde mlrozpdehmd% @kxpdhdzklox {eo `k kccox> rdzdholrzke`kz hoe im`kcm`d` kc rkexdlmkepo mxclmho kx i{e`dlkepdc ro`kz
`mxhkzemz cox kcklkepox zdjkx rzkmxclmhox t{k fd} ke c% @k kepzk kxpox fd}
{eo t{k `kxpdhd ro`kzoxdlkepk>
Cd kxhdxd h{cp{zd t{k cox jk`{meox `k cox `kxmkzpox `k Dzdjmd roxkde depkx `kc
d`ykemlmkepo `kc mxcdl t{k`djd zk`{hm`d# i{e`dlkepdclkepk d cd rokxd# kvrzkxd`d ke {e
ckea{dnk `k eopdjck zmt{k~d# &-% Co t{k cd Dzdjmd rzkmxclmhd drozpdjd# r{kx# d cd hoeima{zdhme`k co t{k c{kao cckadzd d xkz {ed azde hmymcm~dhme kzd {ed ckea{d t{k# cd lx zmhd `kc pzoeho
xklpmho# xk hoeykzpmzd ke kc mexpz{lkepo d pzdyx `kc h{dc kxd hmymcm~dhme xk kvrzkx7 p{yo pdc
mlrozpdehmd# t{k ccka d zkklrcd~dz cdx ckea{dx rzormdx `k cox pkzzmpozmox ke t{k xk mlr{xo kc
mxcdl&A{kzzkzo# :220>:48-%
Kc r{epo `k rdzpm`d `kc Mxcdl kx cd Famzd# ke kc do 9:: `k e{kxpzd kzd#
h{de`o Ldfold xk zkpmzd `kx`k cd Lkhd d Lk`med% Cd zkpmzd`d `kc Rzoikpd ldzhd
kc z{ljo `kimempmyo `kc Mxcdl% Ldfold# xme `kndz `k xkz kc keymd`o `k @mox# xmeo
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
roz kc lmxlo fkhfo `k xkzco# xk hoeymkzpk ke nkik rocpmho# lmcmpdz } n{`mhmdc# ke kc
ckamxcd`oz x{rzklo `k cd [lld# cd e{kyd hol{em`d` mxclmhd% Cd e{kyd ik
roxp{cd {ed e{kyd xohmk`d`# d cd t{k e{ehd xk fdjzd cckad`o xme cd d}{`d `k@mox% Imedclkepk Ldfold l{zm# rckedlkepk hoexhmkepk `k x{ lmxme {emykzxdc#
kc 6 `k n{emo `kc do 98:# `k e{kxpzd kzd% Kc Mxcdl `dz x{ rkh{cmdzm`d` `kimempmyd
d cox zdjkx } cox mehozrozdz `kimempmydlkepk d cd fmxpozmd%
Cdx rzmlkzdx `mxh{xmoekx t{k x{zamkzoe ke kc Mxcdl pzdx kc idcckhmlmkepo
`kc Rzoikpd i{kzoe `k pmro rocpmho &hoe ldpmhkx pkocamhox fdjzd t{k
r{ep{dcm~dz-# ymeh{cd`dx dc rzojckld `k cd x{hkxme# kepzk cox l{x{cldekxxka{m`ozkx `k cd pzd`mhme Olk}d } cox rdzpm`dzmox `k cd Idlmcmd `kc Rzoikpd%
Drdzkhmkzoe pzkx azde`kx iozldhmoekx> cox X{eekx xka{m`ozkx `k cd !pzd`mhme! }
t{k dro}djde dc Hdcmidpo# cox Xm!kx o rdzpm`dzmox `k cd idlmcmd `kc Rzoikpd } cox
Ndzm}kx# xkrdzd`ox `k {eox } opzox% Kxpox krmxo`mox `de h{kepd `k hlo xoe `k
kxpzkhfox cox yeh{cox kepzk cd zkcmame } cd rocpmhd ke kc Mxcdl% Kxpox
loymlmkepox rocpmhox pmkek {ed xkzmk `k hoepzdrdzpm`dx `k pmro pkocamho t{kpmkeke t{k ykz hoe cdx hoe`mhmoekx `k dhhkxo dc aojmkzeo `k cd hol{em`d`# kc
kxpdp{po `kc j{ke l{x{cle# } xojzk po`o kc rdrkc `kc foljzk# x{ cmjkzpd`
kxrkhmdclkepk# ke {e {emykzxo hzkd`o } rzk`kpkzlmed`o roz @mox% Cox T{d`dzkx
&roz td`dz o kepkzd `kpkzlmedhme f{lded- `kike`de cd cmjkzpd` }
zkxroexdjmcm`d` f{lded popdc } cox ]djdzkx &`k }djz co mekvozdjck-
hoeimzldjde co mekympdjck `k cox `mhplkekx `mymeox &A{kzzkzo# 4===>:4:-%Cdx `ox rzmlkzdx hmkehmdx t{k xk `kxdzzoccde ke kc l{e`o mxclmho i{kzoe
cd Kvakxmx Hozemhd } kc @kzkhfo% Kc l{x{cle p{yo t{k !ckkz! x{ pkvpo zkykcd`o#
} h{de`o xk `mhk kxpo# kx t{k p{yo t{k mz lx dcc `kc xmlrck knkzhmhmo lkhemho%
P{yo t{k `dzck xkepm`o dc pkvpo# mepkzrzkpdzco } `kxh{jzmz co t{k da{dz`d dcc
`kepzo% X{zake cdx `ox rzmlkzdx Hmkehmdx Pzd`mhmoedckx# cd Hmkehmd `k cd
Mepkzrzkpdhme# !mcl dc,pd!q
c# } cd Hmkehmd `k cd zkykcdhme# !mcl dc,pde~m
c% N{epo d
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
kxpdx kehoepzdlox `kx`k l{} rzoepo kc `kxdzzocco `kc @kzkhfo# Imtf# o kc
holrke`mo `k eozldx kehdlmed`dx d zka{cdz cd ym`d `k cox hzk}kepkx ke x{
zkcdhme hoe @mox } kepzk x% Cox dzpimhkx `k kxpk `kxdzzocco i{kzoe cdx Kxh{kcdx`k @kzkhfo> ldcmgm } fdejdcm# cdx lx cmpkzdckx7 } fdedim } xdimm# cdx lx djmkzpdx% ]
n{epo d kxpdx x{zamkzoe holo d{vmcmdzkx opzdx hmkehmdx mlrzkxhme`mjckx rdzd x{
`kxdzzocco% @kxpdhde kxrkhmdclkepk cd Azdlpmhd } cd Fmxpozmd%
MMM%
Cd lmxme `k cckydz kc lkexdnk `k Dc d po`ox cox foljzkx# cde~ d coxzdjkx zkhme mxcdlm~d`ox `kx`k Dzdjmd fdxpd cox cpmlox hoeimekx `kc l{e`o
kepoehkx hoeohm`o% Kc Mxcdl eo xk loxpz mlrkzlkdjck d cdx meic{kehmdx
kvpkzedx# dc hoepzdzmo# dxmlmc meimem`d` `k ldemikxpdhmoekx `k cdx `mikzkepkx
h{cp{zdx hoe cdx t{k xk i{k kehoepzde`o% Kxrkhmdclkepk hoe Dcknde`zd ke Kamrpo#
`oe`k `kx`k fdhd xmacox hoeymyd cd imcoxoid azmkad hoe cdx `mxpmepdx iozldx `k
hzmxpmdemxlo7 cd Xmzmd `k Depmot{d# cox xdjkox `k Fdzze# } roz x{r{kxpo hoeRkzxmd% Po`dx kxdx meic{kehmdx kezmt{khmkzoe d cd hmymcm~dhme l{x{clded# rkzo co
t{k `k ykz`d` hoepzmj{} d hoexocm`dz dt{kccd mehmrmkepk hmymcm~dhme i{k co t{k#
`k {e lo`o { opzo# fdjd `k cd Azkhmd Hcxmhd ke po`ox kxox c{adzkx } h{cp{zdx% Kc
Mxcdl edhm d imedckx `kc xmaco YM kvpke`me`oxk xojzk kc l{e`o h{cp{zdc `kc
Lk`mo } Rzvmlo Ozmkepk ke kc t{k fdjd rkekpzd`o rzoi{e`dlkepk kc ckad`o `kc
rkexdlmkepo azmkao% @k df t{k cox rkexd`ozkx l{x{cldekx klrk~dzdezkhmjmke`o kc xmehzkpmxlo imcoximho,pkocamho `k cox xmkpk rzmlkzox xmacox `k
e{kxpzd kzd% I{kzoe ekhkxm`d`kx h{cp{zdckx# d`klx `k r{zd h{zmoxm`d`
hmkepimhd# cdx t{k ck ojcmadzoe d dhkrpdz dt{kccox xdjkzkx% Hoeohmkzoe jmke d
Rcdpe } Dzmxppkckx } rzkimzmkzoe d xpk cpmlo% Cd dxmlmcdhme `k cd xdjm`{zd
azmkad }# roz pdepo# `k Dzmxppkckx# xk rzo`{no pklrzdedlkepk ke x{kco mxclmho%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
44
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
Cd pkocoad kxrkh{cdpmyd &gdcdl- } cd depm,zdhmoedcmxpd &Dx!dzkx- i{kzoe kc
rzmlkz iz{po `kc hoepdhpo `kc Mxcdl hoe !co azmkao!% @kx`k kc holmke~o f{jo ke kc
Mxcdl {ed zkickvme pkocamhd xojzk co @mymeo# rkzo fdxpd t{k eo drdzkhmkzoe coxl{!pd~mckx eo xk holke~ d zdhmoedcm~dz co zkykcd`o> @mox kx kc rzmehmrmo `k
pzdxhke`kehmd } `k {em`d` djxoc{pd% Izkepk d xpox zkdhhmoedzoe cox t{k
rzkpke`de yocykz d cd pzd`mhme ozmamedc `k olemropkehmd djxoc{pd# d cd t{k
x{ldzoe {ed x{kzpk `k dpolmxlo t{k ekadjd po`d hd{xdcm`d`% Cd `mxr{pdx kepzk
dljox loymlmkepox xk xdc` hoe kc pzm{eio `k cox xka{e`ox hoeymzpme`oxk ke cd
pkocoad oimhmdc `k cd x{eed% Ke cd zjmpd `k cox xm!kx# holo ykzklox lxd`kcdepk# po`o kc rkexdlmkepo xk hkepz ke cd Rzoikhd% Cd Rzoikpocoad o
Imcoxoid Rzoipmhd# t{k pzdpd `k dchde~dz kc ykz`d`kzo xmaemimhd`o `k cd
Zkykcdhme# pmkek x{ ehcko ke kc Mll% Rdzd cox rdzpm`dzmox `k Dc# kc Mldl
d`klx `k zkhoakz po`dx cdx i{ehmoekx xohmdckx } rocpmhdx opozad`dx roz cox
x{eekx# pmkek {ed xkzmk `k h{dcm`d`kx x{rkzmozkx# xojzkedp{zdckx mehc{xo#
opozad`dx roz kc hoeohmlmkepo `k co oh{cpo%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
4:
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
KC L[E@O @K CD RZOIKHD
M%
Kc l{e`o `k cd Rzoikhd kx {e kxrdhmo akorocpmho k fmxpzmho h{}o
i{e`dlkepo rzmehmrdc kx cd ldemikxpdhme fmxpzmhd `kc lkexdnk `k @mox d pzdyx
`k x{x kckam`ox o keymd`ox> cox Rzoikpdx &Hz{~ F`k~%# 4==2>424-% Pdepo kc N{`dxlo#
holo kc Hzmxpmdemxlo# holo kc Mxcdl holrdzpke kxpk kxrdhmo# kxpk ioe`o hole#
d{et{k kxo x# hoe kym`kepkx xmea{cdzm`d`kx% Ykdlox jzkyklkepk dca{edx `k
kxpox kcklkepox holrdzpm`ox%
Cd mlrozpdehmd `kc lkexdnk zd`mhd ke t{k rzkxkepd cd Ykz`d` cpmld dc
foljzk t{k cd `kxhoeohk% Xm rdzd cox azmkaox cd dckpfkmd kzd rkzldekehmd,
meldekehmd ke kc Xkz# rdzd cdx akepkx `k kxpk l{e`o cd ykz`d` kx cd
pzdxhke`kehmd `k co t{k kxp roz ykemz% Kc hdzhpkz fmxpzmho `k cdx pzkx azde`kx
zkcmamoekx pzdxhke`kepkx } loeopkxpdx kx me`{`djck% Po`dx kccdx pmkeke {e
r{epo memhmdc hoehzkpo } ojnkpmydjck# {e `kxdzzocco# {e pzdxhke`kepdc r{epo imedc%
Kc r{epo `k dzzdet{k `kc Mxcdl kx cd famzd# fm}zd# ke kc 9:: h{de`o Ldfold
rdzpk `k Cd Lkhd hoe z{ljo d Lk`med% Opzo dxrkhpo xmlmcdz kx t{k cdx pzkx
x{zake `k hol{em`d`kx pzmjdckx xklmpdx &Hz{~ F`k~%# 4==2>42:-7 } ke kxpdx
hol{em`d`kx cox cd~ox akekdcamhox `k rzovmlm`d` } rdzkepkxho xoe x{ldlkepk
mlrozpdepkx# hkepzdckx# xk ro`zd `khmz%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
48
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
MM%
Xmp{d`d ke kc yzpmhk x{z,ozmkepdc `kc L{e`o depma{o# cd ldhm~d rkeex{cd dzjmad
t{k`dzd hdxm dc ldzake `k cd fmxpozmd fdxpd cd khcoxme `kc Mxcdl &Hz{~ F`k~%# 4==2>426-%Cd Rkeex{cd Dzjmad kxp iozld`d roz {ed kvpkexd dcpmrcdemhmk# zo`kd`o
`k hoxpdx zohoxdx# hoe kxhdxox r{kzpox edp{zdckx k mepkazd`d roz azde`kx
`kxmkzpox t{k xk kvpmke`ke lx dcc `kc dlrcmo mxplo t{k cd {ek dc hoepmekepk#
t{k`de`o i{kzd `k cd zkame `k cdx azde`kx cc{ymdx% Cd `{zk~d `k cd akoazdid } `k
x{ hcmld kvrcmhd x{imhmkepklkepk cd klmazdhme `k cd pzmj{x xklmpdx `kx`k Dzdjmd
d po`o kc Rzvmlo Ozmkepk# `kx`k cd depma{d Hdc`kd# d cdx hoxpdx `kc lk`mpkzzeko`kx`k kc holmke~o `k cox pmklrox%
Kikhpmydlkepk# Dzdjmd i{k maeozd`d roz ykhmeox } hoet{mxpd`ozkx `{zdepk
xmacox# em Dcknde`zo# em cox Rkzxdx# em cox Zoldeox imndzoe x{x onox ke dt{kc
lmxpkzmoxo `kxmkzpo% Fdxpd t{k kc Rzoikpd eo dc~ x{ yo~ ke eoljzk `k @mox#
Dzdjmd eo kepz ke cd fmxpozmd% Cd izoepkzd ke kc eozpk xoco hoeohm kc kxrcke`oz
`k Rkpzd# ke cd Edjdpkd# } c{kao i{k pkxpmao `k cox keizkepdlmkepox kepzk coxjm~depmeox } cox rkzxdx% Ke kc mepkzmoz# xoco pzkx hm{`d`kx rzoxrkzdjde roz kc
holkzhmo `k hdzdydedx> Cd Lkhd# cd lx mlrozpdepk# Lk`med } Pd}i% Cd Lkhd kzd
cd hm{`d` xdepd `k cox zdjkx rzkmxclmhox# xk`k `k cd Rmk`zd Ekazd# cd Gdjd# {e
jkpmco hd`o `kc hmkco%
Kc `kxdlrdzo kvmxpkehmdc `k cox zdjkx rzkmxclmhox kx kvpzdoz`medzmo> kc
r{kjco fkjzko pked d ]dyf# t{k fdjc d Djzdfdl# `e`ock x{ rdcdjzd }{eme`oxk dc r{kjco `k Mxzdkc7 rkzo cox zdjkx hdzkhde d{e `k cd rdcdjzd `k
@mox% Cox zdjkx d`ozdjde d x{x `moxkx dxpzdckx `kx`k cknox# xme kxrkzde~d `k t{k
hdljmdzde x{ iozp{ed> `k dt{ t{k edhmkzd cd hzkkehmd pde jk`{med ke cd hka{kzd
`kc `kxpmeo% Rozt{k kc `kxmkzpo kx mekxpdjck } hdrzmhfoxo# {ed pozlkepd `k dzked
r{k`k xkhdz cdx i{kepkx } jozzdz cdx z{pdx% Dx kc zdjk eo r{k`k hoeimdz# holo
cox azmkaox# ke cd {emiozlm`d` hhcmhd `k cd edp{zdck~d# t{k cdpk jdno cd drdzmkehmd
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
`kc hdljmo% Kxpd mekxpdjmcm`d` ojcmad dc r{kjco zdjk d eo d`lmpmz opzd ykz`d`
t{k kc `kxpmeo lmxpkzmoxo } dzhdeo# kxkehmd `k cdx hoxdx> po`o hdljmd kvhkrpo
@mox% Kc l{e`o } cox foljzkx fde edhm`o hoe {e `kxpmeo mzzkyohdjck# depk kc h{dcxco hdjk `khmz @mox co t{mkzk% Po`o co zdjk yd d zkickndz `kxr{x kxpd
hoehkrhme> kc dzpk# cd ixmhd# kc cakjzd# cd pzmaoeolkpzd# k mehc{xo cd imcoxoid%
Kc L{e`o `k cd Rzoikhd kepzd ke kxpdx pmkzzdx `k cd ldeo `k cox n{`ox# t{k
ke x{ `mxrozd# cckadzoe d Lk`med `{zdepk kc xmaco MM `%H% D imedckx `k kxpk lmxlo
xmaco xk fdjde d`{kd`o `kc holkzhmo `k kxd ~oed `k cd Rkeex{cd%
Drzovmld`dlkepk roz cdx lmxldx ikhfdx drdzkhke cox rzmlkzox hzmxpmdeox rozDzdjmd# d{et{k ke lkeoz elkzo } zmt{k~d% Cox hzmxpmdeox kzde
ld}ozmpdzmdlkepk lmxmoekzox ekxpozmdeox } loeoimxmpdx# } x{ die rzoxkcmpmxpd
eo rdxd `kxdrkzhmjm`o kepzk cox zdjkx rzkmxclmhox% Kx mlroxmjck# roz pdepo#
t{k Ldfold# t{k `{zdepk azde rdzpk `k x{ ym`d xk `k`mh dc holkzhmo# kezocd`o
ke cdx hdzdydedx t{k hz{~djde kc `kxmkzpo dzjmao roz x{x h{dpzo r{epox
hdz`medckx# eo hoeohmkzd dljdx zkcmamoekx%
MMM%
Cd zkykcdhme `kc Rzoikpd# roz pdepo# eo xdck `k cd ed`d%
Kc lk`mo zkcmamoxo xojzk kc t{k xk loym Ldfold i{k kc lx rzmlmpmyo rocmpkxlo } {e
rocm`kloemxlo dzhdmho# t{k hoe`{hde d cox h{cpox rokpdx } d cox zmhox holkzhmdepkx dc
kxhkrpmhmxlo } ldpkzmdcmxlo lx dh{xd`ox% Zo`kde`o d kxpk lk`mo zkcmamoxo d{phpoeo# kcloeopkxlo n{`o } hzmxpmdeo# t{k eo xco hoeohm ke x{x ymdnkx hoe cdx hdzdydedx# xmeo t{k r{`o
pzdpdz ke Lk`med } Cd Lkhd &Hz{~ F`k~%# 4==2>448-%
Xm jmke cd meic{kehmd roz hoeohmlmkepo r{k`d xkz d`lmxmjck holo
dza{lkepo ke cd i{e`dhme `kc Mxcdl roz Ldfold# eo xk r{k`k zk`{hmz xpd d
xmlrck xmehzkpmxlo n{`ko,hzmxpmdeo%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
4;
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
Ldfold t{mkzk `dz zdhkx# } eo `k xmlrck xdeazk holo cdx pzmjdckx# xmeo `k kxrzmp{# d cox
zdjkx# } ckx mexmxpk ke t{k xoe fmnox `k D`e } ckapmlox fkzk`kzox `k Djzdfdl% ]# roz pdepo#
`kroxmpdzmox `k cd rzolkxd `k ]dfq,Kcofml dc ymkno Rdpzmdzhd &Hz{~ F`k~%# 4==2>440-%
Cd lmxme rzoipmhd `k Ldfold eo fd} t{k ykzcd `kx`k kc rzmxld `k Nkxx
`k Ed~dzkp# xmeo `kx`k cd z{`mlkepdzmd ym`d kxrmzmp{dc rzkmxclmhd> cd dzked `kc
`kxmkzpo# cd maeozdehmd# cd rocmadlmd# kc dz`oz a{kzzkzo } {e `kxpdhd`xmlo
kxrzmp{ holkzhmdc% Kc Rzoikpd oizkhk d cox x{}ox cd roxmjmcm`d` `k dhhk`kz d cd
`mymem`d`# dc @mox emho# roz cd yd `k cd pzdxhke`kehmd% Pzdx xmacox `k `kxdlrdzo
kvmxpkehmdc# kepzk mepkzlmedjckx `{edx } {e xoc `k n{xpmhmd# kc r{kjco zdjk xdjzdd `e`k `mzmamz x{x rckadzmdx `k d}{`d } jxt{k`d `k lmxkzmhoz`md%
Ldfold eo p{yo cd lkeoz `{`d> kzd kc keymd`o `k @mox d x{ r{kjco &Hz{~ F`k~%#
4==2>440-%
L{fdlld` kx kc Rzoikpd# kc Keymd`o `k @mox# h{}d lmxme kx hol{emhdz cox xkhzkpox `k
@mox# r{zmimhdz d cox xkzkx f{ldeox } `dzckx d hoeohkz co t{k eo xdjke# kexkdz kc cmjzo# xk {e
zkhcdlo rdzd cox hzk}kepkx# de{ehmdz } pkxpmloemdz cd J{ked Eopmhmd &Pdld}o# :22=>;:-
L{fdlld` mje Dj`dccdf `k cd pzmj{ `k T{zd}xf# `kc hcde `k Fdxfml#
hzmd`o roz Dlmed# x{ ld`zk# roz dc,L{ppdcmj# x{ dj{kco rdpkzeo } roz Dj{ Pdcmj#
x{ po# `kxroxd`o hoe Gfd`mnd# cd rzmlkzd hzk}kepk# {ed zmhd ym{`d hoe cd t{k
p{yo xkmx fmnox# dlmao `k Dc mje Pdcmj } `k Dj{ Jdgz# kc c`kz a{kzzkzo ke cdx
jdpdccdx `k Jd`z# [f{` } kc Ioxo# i{e`d`oz `kc dc,L{`dmed &Lk`med- xojzk kc
odxmx `k ]dpzmj# }# imedclkepk# imkc rkzkazmeo `k cd Lkhd7 eo kzd {e xkz `mymeo# em kcfmno `k {e @mox# em xmt{mkzd {e eakc% Ldfold kzd {e foljzk lx kepzk opzox
l{hfox% Fd xm`o d`lmzd`o } ykekzd`o# zkykzkehmd`o mehc{xo# rkzo e{ehd fd xm`o
ojnkpo `k h{cpo o d`ozdhme% @mox xk zkykcd ke kc Hoze d pzdyx `kc Rzoikpd7 roz
kxo cox l{x{cldekx ozde holo kc Rzoikpd# eo ozde dc Rzoikpd%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
MY%
Eo po`ox kepmke`ke t{k kc Mxcdl kx {ed d{pepmhd zkcmame } t{k Ldfold
kx {e ykz`d`kzo Rzoikpd% Xmklrzk fde kvmxpm`o mepkepox `k lmemlm~dz dc Mxcdl dcpzdpdzco jmke holo {e hoen{epo `k x{rkzhfkzdx# jmke holo {e xmehzkpmxlo
n{`ko,hzmxpmdeo# o jmke holo {ed hzmxpmdem~dhme x{m akekzmx `k cox dpzdxd`ox
zdjkx# {ed kxrkhmk `k fkzknd hzmxpmded `kxjohd`d t{k eo r{`o xkz dpdnd`d d
pmklro } pkzlme hzkde`o {ed zkcmame rzormd rkzo `kazd`d`d `k x{ zd~% Rkzo cd
mepkzrzkpdhme cmekdc `k cd fmxpozmd xdazd`d kx# `kx`k kc rzmehmrmo# l{} hcdzd rdzd
Ldfold> kc Mxcdl kx kc h{clke `kc rzohkxo zkcmamoxo `k cd f{ldem`d`% @moxt{mkzk t{k kc foljzk xk xolkpd dc oz`ke ekhkxdzmo } rkzikhpo# t{k lknozd po`o
co depkzmoz% Rdzd kxo zkhmjk Ldfold cd Zkykcdhme# roz kxo kx kc xkcco `k cd
Rzoikhd &Hz{~ F`k~% 4=6;>:1 P%M-
D hoepme{dhme zkrzo`{~ho epkazdlkepk cdx rdcdjzdx `kc mexmaek dzdjmxpd
kxrdoc Hz{~ Fkzee`k~ &4==2>4:8,4:0-% Kx {ed hmpd l{} cdzad rkzo kvrcmhd }
kvroek hoe hcdzm`d` co t{k kc Mxcdl x{roek rdzd x lmxlo%Rdzd kc Mxcdl @mox kx {eo } emho# rkzxoedc } kxkehmdclkepk `mikzkepk } `mxpmepo `k po`o co
hzkd`o% Hzkd`oz kv emfmco x{m kp x{jnkhpm `k po`o h{depo kvmxpk roz {e dhpo yoc{epdzmo } cmjzk `k x{
ldaedemlm`d` } olemropkehmd# t{k p{yo c{adz ke kc pmklro% Hoexkzyd`oz `k po`o h{depo fd xm`o
hzkd`o# } rzoym`kepk `k po`dx x{x hzmdp{zdx% Olemxhmkepk# hoe hmkehmd {emykzxdc } rdzpmh{cdz# `k
po`ox cox kykepox% D{vmcmd`oz akekzoxxmlo `kc foljzk lk`mdepk cd oz`medzmd d}{`d edp{zdc } cd
kvpzdoz`medzmd `k cd azdhmd7 } n{~ad`oz `k cox f{ldeox xkae x{x dhpox# zkl{ekzde`o d {eox hoe
kc Rdzdxo } hdxpmade`o d cox ldcyd`ox hoe kc Meimkzeo% Rkzo @mox eo xco fd r{kxpo x{x xkdckx ke
kc [emykzxo roz c hzkd`o } ke kc hozd~e `kc foljzk# xmeo t{k rdzd t{k kxpk r{k`d hoeohkzco
lknoz xk fd ldemikxpd`o dc foljzk d pzdyx `k cox Rzoikpdx# x{x keymd`ox# `kx`k D`e fdxpd
Ldfold% Holo kc foljzk# {ed yk~ } opzd# xk fd drdzpd`o `k cd yd `k cd xdcydhme } fd
`kxymzp{d`o cd Zkykcdhme rzoipmhd# holo x{hk`m pzdx cd rzmlkzd zkykcdhme d D`e# x{
Hcklkehmd xk fd ldemikxpd`o ke cdx azde`kx lmxmoekx rzoipmhdx# holo cdx `k Djzdfdl# Lomxx }
Nkxx } cd `kimempmyd `k Ldfold%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
Cd lmxme rzoipmhd `k Ldfold hmkzzd kc l{e`o `k cd Rzoikhd# r{kx xm jmke kc lkexdnk
memhmdc `kc Rzoikpd `k cox zdjkx yd ozmkepd`o rzmldzmdlkepk d kxpox# cd Zkykcdhme mxclmhd
d`t{mkzk pdc rkzikhhme t{k yd `mzmam`d d po`o kc aekzo f{ldeo% Kc hoepkem`o `k kxpd Zkykcdhme
pklrozdc kx mepklrozdc } kpkzeo%
Kc Dchoze# t{k i{k imnd`o roz kxhzmpo `k cdx zkykcdhmoekx ozdckx `kc Rzoikpd# kx {ed hormd
imkc } cmpkzdzmdlkepk rkzikhpd `k cd Xdjm`{zd Mehzkd`d `k @mox> kc Dchoze kpkzeo% Cd Zkykcdhme
l{x{clded `mym`k ke `ox d cox pmklrox } dc l{e`o7 cox pmklrox depkzmozkx d kxpd zkykcdhme xoe
kc pmklro `k maeozdehmd &]dfmcm}}d-7 cox t{k ck xma{ke# kc pmklro `k cd Xdjm`{zd `mymed% Kc l{e`o
eo l{x{cle kx kc l{e`o `k cd rkz`mhme# dc t{k fd} t{k mxcdlm~dz roz cd hoeymhhme } d{e roz cd
rzkxme# `k df x{ eoljzk> @dz dc,Fdzj# Hdxd `k cd A{kzzd% Kc l{e`o l{x{cle kx cd Hdxd `k cd
x{lmxme d @mox> @dz dc,Mxcdl# l{e`o `k cd xdjm`{zd% Cox hzk}kepkx iozlde {ed hol{em`d`#
[lld7 cox eo hzk}kepkx iozlde kc l{e`o `k cox meimkckx# t{k `kjke xkz hoeykzpm`ox dc Mxcdl% Rkzo
holo @mox xk fd ldemikxpd`o d pzdyx `k x{x Rzoikpdx depkx `k cd Zkykcdhme `kimempmyd `k
Ldfold# cox t{k xma{ke dt{kccdx ykz`d`kx zkykcd`dx# d{et{k xkde lkeox rkzikhpdx t{k cdx
dchozemhdx o fd}de rd`khm`o `kazd`dhme roz kc pmklro o roz f{ldedx lo`mimhdhmoekx# eo
r{k`ke xkz hoexm`kzd`ox holo meimkckx kxpzmhpox# xm xk dpmkeke d pkvpox kxhzmpox t{k rzohk`ke `k
@mox% Xoe kxpox cox dfc dc,Gmpdj# cd akepk `kc Cmjzo# holo cox n{`ox } hzmxpmdeox# t{k pmkeke kc
`kzkhfo `k a{dz`dz } ojxkzydz x{x zkcmamoekx# r{kx kxpdx d{et{k lx mlrkzikhpdx t{k kc
Mxcdl xoe pdljme hdlmeox `k xdcydhme# t{k kx co t{k cd mcmlmpd`d Lmxkzmhoz`md `k @mox t{mkzk
rdzd po`ox cox foljzkx%
Y%
Kc Hzmxpmdemxlo holke~ xmke`o {ed zkcmame {zjded% X{ rzmlkzd `mi{xme
i{k cd `k mz x{xpmp{}ke`o cd zkcmame hmymc zolded% Ke cdx ~oedx `oe`k cdx hm{`d`kx
kzde lmeozmpdzmdx o roho zkrzkxkepdpmydx# kc hzmxpmdemxlo pkzlme roz
`kxdrdzkhkz% Kxpo xk knklrcmimh rkzikhpdlkepk hoe cox jk`{meox `kc `kxmkzpo
dzjmao# } ke po`d cd azde izdend cmpozdc `kc eozpk `k izmhd# `kx`k Kamrpo dc
Ldazkj# rdxde`o roz cd Pzmrocmpded# Hmzkedmhd } P{emhmd# `kx`k cd hoxpd
lk`mpkzzekd d cdx kxpzmjdhmoekx `kc Xdfdzd% D`klx `k kxpo# kc l{e`o eld`d
rk`d {ed xkexmjmcm`d` kxrkhmdc } `mxpmepd t{k kc hzmxpmdemxlo {zjdeo `kc xmaco MY
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
`% H% eo ro`d `dz% Ldfold eo kzd {e {zjdempd# xmeo {e foxho hoe`{hpoz `k
hdzdydedx roz h{}dx ykedx hozzd dzked `kc `kxmkzpo% Ldfold hoeohd
rkzikhpdlkepk kc rdo t{k pked kepzk cdx ldeox t{k ke ed`d xk rdzkhd d cdxakepkx t{k fdjde rojcd`o kc Mlrkzmo%
L{hfox fde t{kzm`o j{xhdz cd zd~e `k cd zrm`d mxcdlm~dhme `kc Eozpk `k
izmhd } `k cd Rkeex{cd Mjzmhd ke cd ymockehmd kvpzkld } kc idedpmxlo% D{et{k cd
hoet{mxpd dzld`d dzzond r{ep{dclkepk `dpox mehoepkxpdjckx# eo kx lkeox hmkzpo
t{k fd} idhpozkx `k l{hfo lx rkxo% Rzmlkzo cdx hoeykemkehmdx xohmo,
khoelmhdx `k cox hoet{mxpd`ozkx zdjkx t{k zkdhpmydzoe khoelmhdlkepk kc`khd`kepk mlrkzmo jm~depmeo% ] d`klx# kc rkh{cmdz kxpdp{po `k pockzdehmd rdzd
cox r{kjcox `kc cmjzo% Eo f{jo rkzxkh{hmoekx ldxmydx em ldxdhzkx ymockepdx roz
lopmyox zkcmamoxox `{zdepk cd rzmlkzd kvrdexme `kc Mxcdl% ] xojzk po`o# kc
kxrzmp{ jk`{meo t{k pzm{ei fm~o mlroxmjck t{k xma{mkzd `kxdzzocce`oxk cd
h{cp{zd {zjded } hm{`d`ded azkhozzolded# }d `k roz x pohd`d ke cox xmacox
imedckx `kc Mlrkzmo%
YM%
D lo`o `k hoehc{xme } zkx{lke# cd imcoxoid mxclmhd kx cd ojzd `k {eox
rkexd`ozkx rkzpkekhmkepkx d {e r{kjco t{k roxkk {e Cmjzo Xdazd`o# cmjzo t{k
i{kzd zkykcd`o d {e Rzoikpd# } i{k kxk Rzoikpd kc t{k co loxpz d po`o kc r{kjco%
Holo jmke kx xdjm`o kc Mxcdl eo kx kc emho R{kjco `kc Cmjzo% Ke po`ox kxoxr{kjcox fd} {ed mepkexd rzojcklpmhd dhkzhd `k cd holrzkexme k mepkzrzkpdhme
`kc xkepm`o ykz`d`kzo `k cox lmxlox% Cox n{`ox `k cd Poz# cox hzmxpmdeox `k cd
Jmjcmd# kc ^ozodxpzmxlo `kc Dykxpd# } kc Mxcdl `kc Toze &dx kx holo co ccdld
Hozjme hoe cd T mzemhd hdzdhpkzxpmhd- pmkeke hd`d {eo {e xkepm`o ykz`d`kzo `k
cdx zkykcdhmoekx `mymedx d pzdyx `k x{x zkxrkhpmyox cmjzox xdazd`ox% Hd`d cmjzo
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
4=
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
xdepo zkykcd`o mlrcmhd {ed depzorocoad# {ed h{cp{zd kxrmzmp{dc } {ed imcoxoid
rzormdx# hoe xklknde~dx rkzo mzzk`{hpmjckx {eox d opzox%
Kc Mxcdl hoexm`kzd t{k cd Zkykcdhme dchozemhd h{clmed } hmkzzd kc hmhco `kcd Zkykcdhme Rzoipmhd# hoexpmp{}ke`o `k kxpk lo`o cd cpmld zkcmame# pdepo ke
kc xkepm`o hzoeocamho# holo ke kc `ohpzmedc% Rdzd kepke`kz kc l{e`o `kc Mxcdl#
fd} t{k zkhozzk kc hdlmeo `k cd pzdxhke`kehmd &r{epo ke hole `kc n{`dxlo#
`kc hzmxpmdemxlo } `kc Mxcdl-# t{k drdzkhk } xk `kxdzzoccd ke {e ldzho
akorocpmho l{} jmke `kimem`o#kc l{e`o `k cd rzoikhd% X{ i{e`dlkepo zd`mhdc kx
cd ldemikxpdhme fmxpzmhd `kc lkexdnk `k @mox d pzdyx `k x{x kckam`ox okeymd`ox> cox rzoikpdx# cox t{k rzkxkepde dc foljzk cd Ykz`d` cpmld% Xm rdzd kc
foljzk azmkao cd ykz`d` kzd cd dckpfkmd &rkzldekepk kym`kehmd `kc xkz-# rdzd cox
foljzkx `kc l{e`o `k cd rzoikhd# cd ykz`d` i{e`dlkepdc kx co t{k kxp roz
ykemz%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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HOZE# X[EED# XFDZMD ] COX HMEHO RMCDZKX
M%
Kc Hoze kx# d x{ yk~# i{kepk `k ozdhme# a{d rdzd kc holrozpdlmkepo } ojnkpo zmp{dc% Kx
ck`o } zkhmpd`o roz cox l{x{cldekx ke kc h{cpo hol{empdzmo# rkzo pdljme ke kc ljmpo rzmyd`o#
ke cdx imkxpdx zkcmamoxdx } ke cdx hkckjzdhmoekx idlmcmdzkx% Kxp ke cd jdxk `k cdx hzkkehmdx `kc
Mxcdl `k x{x ck}kx } `k x{x zmp{dckx% Hoexpmp{}k {ed a{d rdzd cd ym`d# cd hoe`{hpd } cd zkickvme `k
cox l{x{cldekx &Pdld}o# :22=>44:-%
Cd d{pozd `kc Hoze rkzpkekhk d @mox# Dc,t{zde xmaemimhd cd zkhmpdhme o cd
ckhp{zd ke yo~ dcpd7 Ldfold pzdexlmpk co t{k @mox ck `mhpd `kx`k kc do 942# ke
kc t{k zkhmjk cd rzmlkzd `k cdx zkykcdhmoekx# fdxpd x{ l{kzpk ke kc 98:% Kc Rzoikpd
holrdzpm kxpdx rdcdjzdx hoe Gfd`mnd# x{ kxroxd# } hoe cdx rkzxoedx `k x{
kepozeo idlmcmdz7 c{kao# kc hzh{co `k cox o}kepkx i{k d{lkepde`o%
Kc Hoze pmkek 440 x{zdx &pdljme ccdld`dx d~ozdx- } 9%;89 dck}dx
&pdljme ccdld`ox ykzxh{cox-% Xk kxpz{hp{zd# hoe kvhkrhmoekx# `kx`k cd x{zd lx
cdzad &cd : hoe :69 dck}dx- fdxpd cd lx hozpd &cd 426 } cd 442 xco pmkek 8
dck}dx-% Hd`d {ed `k cdx x{zdx roxkk {e pp{co# holmke~de hoe cd jdxldcd
&kvhkrpo cd eoyked-# {ed izl{cd zmp{dc t{k `mhk> Ke kc eoljzk `k @mox# kc
Lmxkzmhoz`moxo# kc Hcklkepk7 } kc c{adz ke kc t{k i{k zkykcd`d# jmke Lkhd o jmke
Lk`med% Cd rzmlkzd `k cdx x{zdx# Idpmfd# kx cd ozdhme ndh{cdpozmd lx mlrozpdepk
`kc Mxcdl>
Ke kc eoljzk `k @mox# kc Holrdxmyo# kc Lmxkzmhoz`moxo$ Dcdjd`o xkd @mox# Xkoz `kc
[emykzxo# kc Holrdxmyo# kc Lmxkzmhoz`moxo# @{ko `kc `d `kc N{mhmo% D Pm xco xkzymlox } d Pm xco
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
:4
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
mlrcozdlox d}{`d% @mzakeox roz cd yd zkhpd `k cox t{k p fdx dazdhmd`o# eo `k cox t{k fd
meh{zzm`o ke cd mzd# eo `k cox kvpzdymd`ox%
Cox kxrkhmdcmxpdx ke cmpkzdp{zd } cmeaxpmhd fde kcdjozd`o {ed hzoeocoad
ke co zkikzkepk d cd kxhzmp{zd `kc Hoze &Pdld}o# :22=>440,441-% Kc rzmlkz rkzo`o
&942,94; ke Lkhd- homehm`k hoe cdx rzmlkzdx zkykcdhmoekx } rzk`mhdhmoekx
rjcmhdx% Kc Rzoikpd meympd d cd rkzxkykzdehmd } d cd hdzm`d`% Rkzo co zkdclkepk
mlrozpdepk `k kxpk rkzo`o kx cd mepzo`{hhme `kc fozm~oepk kxhdpocamho ke kc
l{e`o zdjk> Ldfold de{ehmd kc N{mhmo imedc &roz knklrco cd x{zd ;:# Kc
Loepk-% Ke kc xka{e`o rkzo`o &94;,94= ke Lkhd- drdzkhke izkh{kepkx
zkikzkehmdx dc n{`dxlo } dc hzmxpmdemxlo hoe cox t{k kc mehmrmkepk Mxcdl
holmke~d d mepkzdhp{dz &roz knklrco cd x{zd 4=# Ldzd-% Co lx mlrozpdepk `k
kxpk rkzo`o kx t{k }d xk fdhk fmehdrm ke cox rzo`mamox `kc Rzoikpd &roz knklrco
cd x{zd 1:# Cox akemox-% Kc pkzhkz rkzo`o &94=,9:: ke Lkhd- pzdexh{zzk ke cox
dox depkzmozkx d cd xdcm`d `k Ldfold `kc pkzzmpozmo lkt{# pmklro ke t{k cdx
dlked~dx d x{ ym`d `knde f{kccd ke kxpdx x{zdx% Xk l{kxpzd l{} imzlk izkepk dc
rocmpkxlo `k x{x hoehm{`d`deox# izkepk d dca{eox `oaldx hzmxpmdeox }
`kpkzlmed`dx ojxkzydehmdx n{`dx% Kc h{dzpo rkzo`o &9:8 fdxpd x{ l{kzpk- eox
l{kxpzd d {e Ldfold t{k }d eo xco kx Rzoikpd xmeo pdljme nkik } hd{`mcco%
Ldfold t{k kepmke`k holo ed`mk kc kxrzmp{ jk`{meo `k x{ r{kjco# pzdpd `k
`opdzco `k po`o pmro `k eozldx> rdzd cdx dcmde~dx kepzk cdx pzmj{x# rdzd imzldz
hoepzdpox# zkxocykz `k{`dx } zkhd{`dz mlr{kxpox# ke cox ldpzmloemox } cdx
fkzkehmdx# rdzd t{k cox zmpox } cox h{cpox ldepkeade x{ r{zk~d# cd cmloxed d cox
ekhkxmpd`ox# kc Zdld`e } cd Rkzkazmedhme &fdnn- d cd Lkhd# cd ozdhme
hol{empdzmd% Kc dxrkhpo n{z`mho kx co kxkehmdc `k kxpk rkzo`o# kc eozldpmymxlo
lme{hmoxo } zma{zoxo xk dro`kzd `kc Hoze rdzd xmklrzk%
Kc Hoze kx {e cmjzo klmekepklkepk zkcmamoxo7 co h{dc eo t{mpd t{k co
rocpmho }# kxrkhmdclkepk# co n{z`mho kxpe rzkxkepkx% @mox kx pzdxhke`kepk } kc
xkz f{ldeo `krke`k `k c% Kxpd xkzd cd cekd pkocamhd rzmehmrdc `kc Hoze# d cd
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
::
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
t{k jmke ro`zdlox dd`mz t{k cd dhpmp{` t{k kc xkz f{ldeo fd `k loxpzdz depk
x{ @mox kx cd `k popdc x{lmxme> Mxcdl xmaemimhd rzkhmxdlkepk kxo# cd dhkrpdhme
x{lmxd } holrckpd d cd yoc{epd` `k @mox% Holo fklox `mhfo depkzmozlkepk# kxpdljme cd rzmehmrdc i{kepk `kc `kzkhfo mxclmho% Ke x{x ramedx t{k`de
rcdxld`dx {e j{ke elkzo `k eozldx `k holrozpdlmkepo ke cd hopm`mdem`d`
`kc hzk}kepk> ldpzmloemo# fkzkehmd# holkzhmo# mlr{kxpox# `kcmpox# kph% Rkzo kc
fkhfo `k t{k kxpdjck~hd e{lkzoxdx eozldx `k hoe`{hpd eo co hoeymkzpk ke {e
h`mao hmymc o rkedc `kc l{x{cle7 d{et{k jmke kx hmkzpo t{k `kx`k cox rzmlkzox
lolkepox cd pzd`mhme n{z`mhd xk dro`kz `kc lkexdnk hozemho# roemke`o cdzkykcdhme# cd hol{emhdhme kepzk @mox } kc xkz f{ldeo d pzdyx `k cox Rzoikpdx o
mepkzlk`mdzmox# ke {e xka{e`o rcdeo%
MM%
D`klx `kc Hoze# } holo xka{e`d i{kepk `kc Mxcdl# kxp cd X{eed# t{k
ymkek d xmaemimhdz pzd`mhme } hoxp{ljzk% X{ zkikzkehmd xoe pdepo kc lo`o `k ym`d} dhp{dhme t{k p{yo Ldfold holo cox `mhfox roz c rzohcdld`ox } t{k i{kzoe
zkhoam`ox# ke {ed xkzmk `k zkcdpox &fd`mpf ke xmea{cdz-# roz rdzpk `k x{x
xka{m`ozkx% Kxpox fd`mhkx hoexpmp{}ke cd jdxk `k cd Xfdzmd# cd ck} mxclmhd }
n{kade {e rdrkc i{e`dlkepdc ke cd ozpo`ovmd dhp{dc% X{ d{pozm`d` kx `k zdeao
meikzmoz dc Hoze# d{et{k ke eo rohdx ykhkx fd x{rcdepd`o d xpk &Pdld}o#
:22=>4:;-% Cox kxrkhmdcmxpdx fdhke {ed `ojck hcdxmimhdhme> {ed t{k dpmke`k d x{xhoepkem`ox &jmoazimhox# n{z`mhox } `oalpmhox o `ohpzmedckx- } opzd t{k dpmke`k
d cd imdjmcm`d` `k cd mxed`o hd`ked `k pzdexlmxme &xmfd` o ake{meox# fdxxde o
imdjckx } `dmio xoxrkhfoxox-% Kc Mxcdl x{eempd hoexm`kzd t{k cdx hockhhmoekx `k
fd`mhkx lx d{pozm~d`dx xoe cdx `k dc,J{ndzm# mje Fd}}dn# mje Ldhfd# Dj{ @dq{`#
dc,Pmzlm`fm } dc,Edxdm# kxhzmpdx po`dx kccdx kepzk cox xmacox MV } V% Kc Mxcdl xfmpd
pdljme fd `kxdzzoccd`o x{ rzormd hmkehmd `k cox fd`mhkx `kxpdhde`o cdx
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
:8
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
hockhhmoekx `k G{cmem } dc,T{llm ke kc xmaco V# } cdx `k dz,Zd`m# L{im`# dc,
L{zpd`d } dc,P{xm ke kc xmaco VM%
MMM%
Ldfold eo i{k em pkcoao em# l{hfo lkeox# n{zmxpd% @kc lmxlo lo`o# kc
Hoze em kx {e h`mao hmymc em kx {e h`mao rkedc% Kc Rzoikpd kx {e keymd`o `k @mox
} kc Cmjzo Xdazd`o {ed hoeyohdpozmd zkcmamoxd } {ed rzor{kxpd pmhd% Roz t{
kepoehkx cd hkepzdcm`d` djxoc{pd `k cd ck} ke kc Mxcdl? @k cdx lx `k xkmx lmc
dck}dx t{k ro`klox ckkz ke kc Hoze# {edx xkmxhmkepdx pmkek t{k ykz hoe cox`kjkzkx zkcmamoxox `kc j{ke hzk}kepk } xco {edx ohfkepd hoe h{kxpmoekx ckadckx>
zka{cdhme `kc holkzhmo# `kc ldpzmloemo# kc `myozhmo } cdx fkzkehmdx } cdx rkedx d
hmeho `kcmpox &zojo# iozemhdhme# hdc{lemd# jde`m`dnk } folmhm`mo- &Pdld}o#
:22=>4:=-% @k `e`k rzoymkek cd zam`d zkacdlkepdhme# l{hfdx ykhkx zkrzkxmyd
k meickvmjck# `kc Mxcdl? Kxpo kx rkzpmekepk ke kxpk pzdjdno eo rozt{k xkd {e
rzojckld t{k dikhpk fo} ke `d d cdx `mihmckx zkcdhmoekx kepzk Ozmkepk }Ohhm`kepk% Cd rkzpmekehmd ymkek rozt{k }d cox rzmlkzox idcdxmid } x{x roxpkzmozkx
xka{m`ozkx# cox rkexd`ozkx de`dc{xkx# ykze hlo x{x zkickvmoekx hfohdze
hoepzd kxpd mepzdexmakehmd } cmpkzdcm`d` kvdhkzjd`d%
Xfdzmd `kzmyd `kc yohdjco xfdzddt{k xmaemimhd drzovmld`dlkepk zkhozzkz
kc xke`kzo t{k pk cckyd fdxpd cd i{kepk &Pdld}o# :22=>484-% Rdzd kc Hoze xmaemimhd
kc hdlmeo t{k cckyd d @mox# {e hdlmeo t{k fde `k zkhozzkz po`ox cox hzk}kepkx%Rkzo hoe kc rdxo `kc pmklro pkzlme roz hoeykzpmzxk &o `kiozldzxk- ke cd xkzmk
`k mepkzrzkpdhmoekx n{z`mhdx t{k mepkepdjde zkxroe`kz d cdx xmp{dhmoekx
fmxpzmhdx hdljmdepkx% ] kx t{k kc Mxcdl p{yo {e vmpo i{ca{zdepk# pdepo t{k ke
l{} roho pmklro xk rdx `k cd `{ed } cd dzked d cox ykzakckx `k Dc,De`dc{x# `k
cox odxmx } cdx hdzdydedx d cox x{ep{oxox rdcdhmox hdcmidckx } `k cdx pzmj{x d cdx
azde`kx `medxpdx% Hoe po`o kcco# p{ymkzoe cox imkckx t{k keizkepdzxk d rzojckldx
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
:0
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
hoe cox t{k kc Rzoikpd eo r{`o hoepdz o rcdepkdz% Cd Xfdzmd i{k kcdjozd`d roz
cox xdjmox l{x{cldekx t{k `{zdepk cox xmacox YMM dc MV p{ymkzoe t{k keizkepdzxk
d kxpox hdljmox } e{kydx xmp{dhmoekx eo hoepklrcd`dx roz kc Hoze% Rdx `k xkzdcao pzdxhke`kepk } t{k ldzhdjd kc kxrzmp{ `kc hzk}kepk d cd ckpzd fmxpzmhd t{k
fdjd t{k xka{mz d rmkx n{epmccdx%
Cd Xdfzmd zka{cd cd hoehmkehmd `kc hzk}kepk ke x{x pzkx emykckx> cd dhpmym`d` `k cd lkepk
&rdzpk `oalpmhd-# cd `kc hozd~e &rdzpk lozdc- } cox dhpox kvpkzeox `mzmam`ox d @mox# d hd`d {eo
} d cox `klx &h{cpo-% Zka{cd po`dx cdx zkcdhmoekx f{ldedx> khoelmhdx# rocpmhdx# idlmcmdzkx#
hoe}{adckx% Mehc{}k dx{epox ckadckx } n{zmx`mhhmoedckx# zmpox `kyohmoedckx# pkocoadx#
holrozpdlmkepox lozdckx# eozldx `k fmamkek rkzxoedc } j{ke holrozpdlmkepo &Pdld}o#
:22=>48:-%
N{epo d cd Xfdzmd kehoepzdlox dc Imtf o Hmkehmd `kc @kzkhfo mxclmho# t{k
co t{k pzdpd kx `k kcdjozdz# n{xpmimhdz } drcmhdz cd ck}% Xme kepzdz ke cdx dz`{dx
rzoi{e`m`d`kx dhcdzdpozmdx `k x{x zkxrkhpmydx `oalpmhdx } cox c{adzkx `k
mlrcdepdhme# kx rzkikzmjck hcdxmimhdzcdx xma{mke`o kc oz`ke `k x{ drdzmhme
&Pdld}o# :22=>48;,489#:94,:9:-% Kepzk cox xmacox YMMM } MV x{zake cox h{dpzo azde`kx
loymlmkepox n{z`mhox mxclmhox% Cd rzmlkzd `k kccdx kx cd Kxh{kcd Fdedimpd
i{e`d`d roz Dj{ Fdemid ke Jda`d` &191-# d x{x xka{m`ozkx xk ckx hoeohk holo
fdedikx% X{x i{e`dlkepox xoe> zd} { ormeme `kc n{zmxhoex{cpo# mnpmfxde o
kckhhme rzkikzkepk7 } imedclkepk mnpmfd`# t{k cox rzmehmrmox `k n{xpmhmd r{k`ke
kyoc{hmoedz } d`drpdzxk d cdx `mykzxdx hmzh{expdehmdx fmxpzmhdx } akoazimhdx% Cd
xka{e`d kx cd Kxh{kcd Ldcmgmpd i{e`d`d roz Ldcmg Mje Dedx t{k kzd ozmamedc `k
Lk`med &1=;-# d x{x xka{m`ozkx xk ckx ccdld ldcmgkx% D kxpk n{zmxpd xk `kjk kc
rzmlkz lde{dc `k `kzkhfo mxclmho# kc L{qdppd% X{ i{e`dlkepo kx kc mxpmxcdf o
mepkzx rjcmho } `k cd hol{em`d` xojzk kc mnpmfxde% Cd pkzhkzd ke cd Kxh{kcd
Xfdimpd hzkd`d roz Dc,Xfdimm# t{k fdjd xm`o `mxhr{co `k cdx `ox kxh{kcdx
depkzmozkx &6:2-# d x{x xka{m`ozkx xk ckx hoeohk holo xdimpdx% X{x i{e`dlkepox
xoe> M}ld o hoexkexo# tm}dx o dedcoad k mnpmxfdj dc fdco rzkx{ehme `k `kzkhfo
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
:;
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
xojzk mnpmfxdek mxpmxcdf%Cd h{dzpd } cpmld kx cd Kxh{kcd Fdejdcmpd i{e`d`d roz
Dfld` Mje L{fdlld` Mje Fdejdc &6;;-# d x{ xka{m`ozkx xk ckx hoeohk holo
fdejdckx% @kxhoeide `k po`ox cox i{e`dlkepox depkzmozkx d{et{k {xde hoekxpzmhpdx cmlmpdhmoekx dca{eo `k kccox &tm}dx } zd}-% Xco kc Hoze } cd X{eed xoe
i{kepkx `ohpzmedckx ojnkpmydx%
Holo yklox kc Imtf {pmcm~djd ke x{ cdjoz mepkzrzkpdpmyd {e ydzmd`o zdlo
`k i{e`dlkepox n{z`mhox% @k kepzk kccox `kxpdhdlox kc mnpmfd` o cd
mepkzrzkpdhme `kc `ojck hoepkvpo7 } xk fdhk rozt{k x{ kcmlmedhme pke`z {ed
mlrozpdepk meic{kehmd ke kc Mxcdl roxpkzmoz% Kxpd lo`dcm`d` `k lk`mdhmefkzlke{pmhd pmkek ke h{kepd kc hoepkvpo ke kc t{k xk kxhzmjm kc pkvpo } kc
hoepkvpo ke kc t{k xk drcmhd% Cd kxh{kcd Fdedimpd zkh{zzk d kccd dxm`{dlkepk } cd
Ldcmgmpd pdljme d{et{k `k iozld lx zkxpzmeam`d% Cdx opzdx `ox kxh{kcdx# lx
cmpkzdckx } xkykzdx# `kxrzkhmdjde kc mnpmfd` roz mepzo`{hmz rdzlkpzox
me`mym`{dcmxpdx } `mykzakepkx# d cox t{k hoexm`kzdjde rkzemhmoxox% Kxpdx kxh{kcdx
kepke`de t{k kxpk i{e`dlkepo roed dc mepzrzkpk depkx t{k d co mepkzrzkpd`o#co h{dc mjd ke hoepzd `k cd ckpzd hozemhd% D rdzpmz `kc xmaco V cox `mzmakepkx
rocpmhox } zkcmamoxox hmkzzde cd r{kzpd d kxpk kxrzmp{ hzpmho% Kx kc pzm{eio `k cd
d{pozm`d` } `k cd ojxkzydehmd `k cd ck}% Holo `mhk Pdld}o# dc x{rzmlmz mnpmfd`# kc
`kzkhfo mxclmho xk det{mcoxd k {emiozlm~d &Pdld}o# :22=>488-%
MY%I{k kc rzormo Rzoikpd Ldfold# ke ym`d# kc t{k mexpmp{} cox hmeho rmcdzkx `k
cd zkcmame% Kxpox xoe>
Cd Xfdfd`d kx kc pkxpmloemo o rzoikxme `k ik `kc l{x{cle> Eo fd} lx
`mox t{k @mox } L{fdlld` kx x{ Rzoikpd% Pzdx kxpk kxh{kpo hzk`o xk hoehkepzd
cdx ykz`d`kx i{e`dlkepdckx `kc Mxcdl% Kc pdqfm`# {em`d`,{emhm`d` `k @mox# cd
lmxme rzoipmhd `k Ldfold# rkzo pdljme cd dhkrpdhme `k cd kxhzmp{zd xdazd`d
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
:9
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
hozemhd# } {ed rzkhmxd kxhdpocoad t{k drozpd cd hzkkehmd ke {e N{hmo Imedc }
opzd ym`d pzdx cd l{kzpk%
Xdcdp{ ozdhme% Kc imkc l{x{cle `kjk ozdz hmeho ykhkx dc `d ke `mzkhhmed cd Lkhd &`kepzo `k cd Lk~t{mpd cd tmjcd# `mzkhhme# kx me`mhd`d roz kc lmfzdj-%
D`klx kc Hoze rzkxhzmjk cd ojcmadpozmk`d` `k cd ozdhme hol{empdzmd `kc
ymkzekx ke cd lk~t{mpd% Lk~t{mpd rzoymkek `k cd rdcdjzd zdjk ldxhfm`# kc c{adz
`k cd roxpzdhme &Pdld}o# :22=>4;4-# roz pdepo kx {e c{adz `k keh{kepzo }
ozdhme# eo {e pklrco `k h{cpo% Depkx `k cd ozdhme# kc ozdepk `kjk fdhkzxk cdx
djc{hmoekx r{zmimhd`ozdx# pdepo `kc kxrzmp{ holo `kc h{kzro# d pzdyx `kc a{xcodjc{hme ld}oz } q{`{ o djc{hme lkeoz%
Kc ^dgdp kx cd cmloxed } kvrzkxd `kxrzke`mlmkepo# akekzoxm`d` }
xocm`dzm`d` hoe kc opzo% Ke kc Hoze xoe l{} dj{e`depkx cdx zkikzkehmdx d cd
cmloxed holo `kjkz mekvh{xdjck `k cox imkckx# t{k d`klx mlrcmhd `kpkzlmed`dx
dhpmp{`kx holo kc hdzmo# kc rkz`e# cd dhoam`d# kc zkhoeohmlmkepo `kc opzo } cd
`mxhzkhme%Kc Xdqe o d}{eo hoelklozd kc memhmo `k cd zkykcdhme `kc Hoze d Ldfold
lmkepzdx d}{edjd# ke kc lkx `k zdld`e# ke kc Loepk Fmzd% Kx {e dhpo `k
xmaemimhd`ox lcpmrckx> cd r{zmimhdhme kxrmzmp{dc# cd d{po`mxhmrcmed ixmhd rkzxoedc
} pdljme# kc zki{kz~o `k cox cd~ox `k xocm`dzm`d`%
Fdnn o rkzkazmedhme d cd Lkhd% Lkzkhk cd rked ckkz dpkepdlkepk cdx
rdcdjzdx `k Pdld}o%
Cd rkzkazmedhme d Lkhd kx {ed ojcmadhme rdzd po`o l{x{cle t{k xkd hdrd~ `k
fdhkzcd% Eo kxpe ojcmad`ox cox emox } emdx } cdx rkzxoedx hoe `mxhdrdhm`d`% Cdx l{nkzkx
r{k`ke fdhkzcd d hoe`mhme `k t{k fdade kc ymdnk ke holrdd `k dcae idlmcmdz rzvmlo o hoe
{ed rkzxoed `k rzojd`d foekxpm`d`%
W\
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
:1
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
[ed yk~ ke Lkhd# pmkeke t{k `dz xmkpk y{kcpdx ke pozeo d cd Gddjd ke dhpmp{` `k f{lmc`d`
} zkrmpmke`o ke zdjk kxpd meyohdhme> flk dt{# Xkoz# flk dt{$ Eo pmkekx emeae dxohmd`o$
flk dt{$ D pm cd dcdjde~d# kc dloz } kc mlrkzmo$ C{kao fdhke xmkpk ykhkx kc zkhozzm`o kepzk Dx,
Xdid } dc,Ldzqd# `ox iozldhmoekx zohoxdx t{k kxpe ke cdx hkzhdedx `k cd Gddjd% Kc `d = `k `{c,
Fm}}d xk zkeke fdxpd cd r{kxpd `kc xoc ke cd ccde{zd `k Dzdidp# t{k xk keh{kepzd d ykmepmhmeho
gmclkpzox fdhmd kc x{`kxpk> kx kc lolkepo h{cledpk `k cd rkzkazmedhme% Kxpd zk{eme
xmljocm~d } depmhmrd kc keh{kepzo imedc `kc `d `k cd zkx{zzkhhme rdzd kc n{mhmo `k @mox%
Roxpkzmozlkepk xk `mzmake d cd Lkhd } rkzeohpde ke kc c{adz xdazd`o `k L{~`dcmid%
@kxr{x cox rkzkazmeox hoake xmkpk rmk`zdx t{k cde~de hoepzd pzkx kxpkcdx t{k zkrzkxkepd
d Xdpdex } ldpde {e demldc ke lklozmd `kc xdhzmimhmo `k x{ fmno t{k eo ccka d hoex{ldz
Djzdfdl% Kx cd Imkxpd `kc Xdhzmimhmo# hkckjzd`d ke po`o kc l{e`o l{x{cle hoeiozlk d {e
lmxlo zmpo% T{mkekx pmkek lk`mox# xdhzmimhde {e demldc# oyknd o hdjzd# } `mxpzmj{}ke cd ld}ozd
`k cd hdzek kepzk cox rojzkx &Pdld}o# :22=>494-%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
:6
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
ZKCMAME ] IMCOXOID
M%
Fd} `ox azde`kx zdxaox d `kxpdhdz ke cd imcoxoid mxclmhd> kc kxpdz ldzhd`d
roz cd zkcmame } roxkkz {e hdzhpkz zdhmoedcmxpd% Dljdx imjzdx xk kepzkcd~de hoe
i{kz~d rdzd `dz iozld dc pknm`o `kc rkexdlmkepo mxclmho%
T{k eo t{krd emea{ed `{`d# `kx`k kc r{epo `k ymxpd imcoximho# cd K`d`
Lk`md xk hdzdhpkzm~d roz kc rzk`olmemo h{cp{zdc `k cd zkcmame% Xkz `kepzo `kc
kxrzmp{ zkcmamoxo n{`o# hzmxpmdeo k mxclmho# `oe`k pke`z c{adz cd ckepd
zkh{rkzdhme `k cox d{pozkx depma{ox d lk`m`d t{k xk yd ck}ke`o co `mxroemjck#
`kxr{x `kxh{jzmke`o# pzd`{hmke`o } pzdexlmpmke`o x{x ojzdx# hoe ojnkpo# ke cd
ld}oz rdzpk `k cox hdxox# `k hoehmcmdzcox hoe cd ik% Kikhpmydlkepk# cd imcoxoid
mxclmhd x{zak ke kc xkeo `k {ed hol{em`d` h{}o zdxao kxkehmdc kx cd
zkcmamoxm`d`% Kzd mekympdjck t{k co zkcmamoxo meic{}kzd ke kc rkexdlmkepo
imcoximho% Jxmhdlkepk kehoepzdlox m`epmhox hoepkem`ox ke cd zkcmame } cd
imcoxoid7 cd `mikzkehmd cd kehoepzdlox ke kc lpo`o `k x{x kexkde~dx%
Cd imcoxoid# } x{ zdhmoedcm`d` rkh{cmdz# pzdpd `k rzkhmxdz kc coaox `kc Hoze
} kxpo eo kx dcao t{k xkd dxkt{mjck dc r{kjco% Dc kx azde`k rdzd cox hzk}kepkx }
pdljme rdzd cox rkexd`ozkx } hmkepimhox l{x{cldekx% Rkzo kx t{k d`klx cd
ojzd `k @mox eo xco kx dhhkxmjck lk`mdepk cd mc{lmedhme# pdljme r{k`k xkz
zd~oed`d# kepke`m`d } holrzke`m`d% Cd rdcdjzd `k @mox i{k hol{emhd`d d cox
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
:=
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
foljzkx d pzdyx `kc Rzoikpd Ldfold7 po`ox cox hzk}kepkx dhkrpde kxpk r{epo%
@k kxpk fkhfo e{hckdz# k meekadjck# x{zak cd ekhkxm`d` `k holrzke`kzcd } eo
xco dhkrpdzcd% Izkepk d cox t{k rmkexde t{k kc rkexdlmkepo mxclmho kxloeocpmho# hkepzd`o ke cd x{lmxme ojp{xd `k {ed xkzmk `k rzmehmrmox#
kehoepzdlox cd imcoxoid `k coxidcxmid# t{k hzkk roxmjck kc dhhkxo d cd Ykz`d` hoe
me`krke`kehmd `k cd Zkykcdhme%
MM%
Kc Mxcdl pmkek {ed ikhfd `kcmlmpd`d `k x{ i{e`dhme# kc 9::% Rkzo kc Mxcdleo edhm `kxdzzoccd`o% Kx kc zkx{cpd`o `k cd kcdjozdhme `k cox hoepkem`ox `kc
Hoze# roz {e cd`o7 `k cdx `mxh{xmoekx `k cd hol{em`d` pzdx cd l{kzpk `kc
Rzoikpd# roz opzo7 } roz cpmlo# holo kc Mxcdl eo xk zkhc{} `kepzo `k cd
Rkeex{cd Dzjmad# `kc hoepdhpo hoe cox opzox r{kjcox } h{cp{zdx%
Zkrkpmlox {ed yk~ lx# rdzd `kndz hcdzdx cdx roxmhmoekx `k rdzpm`d> kc
Mxcdl kx {ed {em`d` zkcmamoxd# rocpmhd } h{cp{zdc ke cd t{k cd zkcmame kx kcdxrkhpo hkepzdc } {emimhd`oz `kc hoen{epo% Xojzk kc kxhdxxmlo rdpzmloemo
mepkckhp{dc zdjk rzkmxclmho xk mz hoeima{zde`o {ed hmymcm~dhme oz`ked`d ke
pozeo d {e knk hkepzdc> kc xolkpmlmkepo djxoc{po d @mox% Cd `mlkexme zkcmamoxd
ozmamedc kx cd Zkykcdhme t{k @mox hoehk`m d Ldfold ke kc Hoze% Kc Cmjzo kx cd
azde i{kepk `kc Mxcdl%
Cd Rdcdjzd `k @mox kx hoeohm`d roz cox foljzkx azdhmdx d cd lk`mdhme `k
Ldfold# kc Keymd`o `k @mox# kc Xkcco `k cd Rzoikhd# kc cpmlo `k cox Kckam`ox rdzd
lk`mdz kepzk @mox } x{x hzmdp{zdx% Eo kehoepzdzklox ke kc Hoze {e h{kzro
`ohpzmedzmo xmxpklpmho> em pkocamho# em n{z`mho# em lozdc# em imcoximho% Hoe kc
pzdexh{zzmz `kc pmklro xk i{kzoe kehoepzde`o `mykzxox ehckox `k xmaemimhdhme#
hoe co t{k xk mepzo`{no ke cd ym`d `k cox hzk}kepkx cd fkzlke{pmhd# } cox
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
82
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
mepzrzkpkx `k co kxhzmpo> cd zkdcm`d` hopm`mded hojzd xkepm`o d pzdyx `k cd
kvakxmx hozemhd%
Kc r{epo `k rdzpm`d `k cd zkykcdhme kx cd Xdfd`d> Eo fd} lx t{k {e @mox#Dc# } Ldfold kx x{ Keymd`o% Cd {em`d` xk ldemimkxpd holo pkoided ke cd
l{cpmrcmhm`d` `kc l{e`o } cd edp{zdck~d% Dx t{k kc hoeohmlmkepo# mcl# fd `k
kehdlmedz dc foljzk d `kxh{jzmz co t{k xk oh{cpd pzdx co lcpmrck%
MMM%
Co lx hdzdhpkzxpmho `k cd imcoxoid l{x{clded# i{k cd i{xme kepzk
imcoxoid } zkcmame# kepzk ik } zd~e% Cd imcoxoid } cd zkcmame mxclmhd pzdpde `k
kvrzkxdz cd lmxld ykz`d` d{et{k `k iozld `mikzkepk xkae cdx roxmjmcm`d`kx `k
holrzkexme f{lded% Po`ox cox imcxoiox l{x{cldekx# `kx`k Dc,Gme`m d Mje
P{id}c } Dykzzokx kxp{ymkzoe hoeykehm`ox `kc dh{kz`o i{e`dlkepdc kepzk cd
meykxpmadhme imcoximhd } cd zkykcdhme rzoipmhd% Opzd hoxd kx t{k kc ckea{dnk
imcoximho xkd lx zma{zoxo } zdhmoedc t{k kc `k cd zkcmame# d`drpd`o d opzo pmro`k lkepkx# em lknozkx em rkozkx# `mikzkepkx% Rkzo t{k kxpo eo eox hoei{e`d> cox
ozpo`ovox `k {ed } opzd zkcmame xmklrzk lmzdzoe hoe ldcox onox cox rzoazkxox
`k cd imcoxoid# }d t{k ke hmkzpox dxrkhpox x{x lpo`ox } hoehc{xmoekx rdzkhde
`mihmckx `k hoehmcmdzxk hoe cdx kexkde~dx jxmhdx `k cd zkcmame pdc } holo cdx
`kxdzzoccdjde pkcoaox } n{zmxpdx% Cox imcxoiox i{kzoe xoxrkhfoxox } pdljme
o`md`ox# } roz kxo xk ckx hdxpma# xk eka x{x ckapmlox lzmpox } xk hdcmimh `kfkzknkx d x{x xka{m`ozkx%
Cdx zkcdhmoekx kepzk imcoxoid } zkcmame `{zdepk cd K`d` Lk`md eo i{kzoe
ihmckx } kx izkh{kepk kehoepzdz {ed foxpmcm`d` kvpzkld`d fdhmd cd imcoxoid kepzk
cox kxhzmpozkx hzmxpmdeox# l{x{cldekx } n{`ox% Jdxpk zkhoz`dz dc azde pkcoao
rkzxd Dcadhkc# d{poz `k cd Zkymymimhdhme `k cdx hmkehmdx zkcmamoxdx# }`k h{}dx m`kdx
xk mjd d drzoykhfdz eo roho cd hmkehmd hdpcmhd% Ke rckeo xmaco VM kxhzmjm x{
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
84
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
Pdfdi{p dc,idcxmid &Cd `kxpz{hhme `k cox imcxoiox- fdhmke`o {e `do pkzzmjck d cd
imcoxoid# `d`d x{ c{hm`k~ k mepkcmakehmd# ke rdzpmh{cdz# d cd imcoxoid dzmxpopcmhd% X{
xoc{hme dc rzojckld `k cdx zkcdhmoekx kepzk imcoxoid } zkcmame i{k l{} `mxpmepdd cd drozpd`d roz cox idcxmid% Lmkepzdx t{k kxpox x{jzd}dzoe cd dzloed kepzk
{eo } opzo ljmpo# Dcadhkc cd hoe`ke kezamhdlkepk roz hozzolrkz cd r{zk~d
`kc lkexdnk zkcmamoxo% Ke x{ ormeme# cd `khd`kehmd `k cd ik mxclmhd xk `kjd
rzmehmrdclkepk d cd idxhmedhme t{k xojzk cox imcxoiox zdjkx knkzhmkzoe cox
eoljzkx `k Xhzdpkx# Rcdpe }# xojzk po`o Dzmxppkckx# rzehmrk `k po`ox kccox%
Roz kxo xk kexd hoe Dc,Gme`m# Dc,Idzdjm } xojzk po`o hoe Dymhked# xmehkzoxhzk}kepkx# rkzo imcxoiox kljkjm`ox `k rkexdlmkepo fkcemho%
D`kcdepdzklox jzkyklkepk {e roho `k cd ldpkzmd d pzdpd rdzd mc{xpzdz kc
rzojckld `k cd mepockzdehmd k meholrzkexme fdhmd cox imcxoiox> kc rzojckld `k
xm kc l{e`o kx kpkzeo o kx hzkd`o ke kc pmklro% H{de`o cox xdjmox l{x{cldekx
hoeohmkzoe kc rkexdlmkepo `k Dzmxppkckx xk dymy kc `kjdpk> kc l{e`o kx kpkzeo%
Dt{kcco ro`d x{roek {ed dlked~d d cox roxp{cd`ox hkepzdckx `kc Mxcdl% Kckeizkepdlmkepo kepzk imcxoiox } pkcoaox kzd mekympdjck% Kxpox pkcoaox xmklrzk
depkr{xmkzoe d h{dct{mkz rzmehmrmo zdhmoedc kc `dpo zkykcd`o `k cd hzkdhme
pklrozdc kv emfmco } xk loxpzdzoe zkdhmox d {pmcm~dz cd hoehkrhme `k cd
hd{xdcm`d` `kzmyd`d `k cd imcoxoid dzmxpopcmhd% Kc l{e`o kx ojzd `mzkhpd `k @mox#
t{k kx `{ko } xkoz `k po`o h{depo kvmxpk ke kc {emykzxo } eo ekhkxmpd `k ed`d
em `k ed`mk% Eo kx roxmjck cd kldedhme kpkzed `kc l{e`o zkxrkhpo `k @mox%Rdzd Dykzzokx# cd pkxmx `k cd kpkzem`d` `kc l{e`o eo kx mzzdhmoedc% Kx t{k
pdepo cd hzkdhme pklrozdc `kc l{e`o holo x{ kpkzem`d` xoe me`kloxpzdjckx% Cd
xoc{hme t{k `dz kc hoz`ojx eo kx hoepzdzmd d cd zkcmame mxclmhd% Rzkxkzyd kc
`dpo zkykcd`o `k cd hzkdhme `kc l{e`o d{et{k xk dcknk `k cd xoc{hme oizkhm`d
roz cd ozpo`ovmd% Hzkkz ke {e l{e`o pklrozdc o mepklrozdc kx {ed h{kxpme `k
ik% Kc hzk}kepk r{k`k dikzzdzxk d cd m`kd `kc memhmo pklrozdc `kc l{e`o xm dx co
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
8:
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
`kxkd# rkzo kc t{k d`klx `k hzk}kepk xkd foljzk `k hmkehmd xdjk t{k kx l{hfo
lx rcd{xmjck cd m`kd `k {e l{e`o kpkzeo# xme rzmehmrmo em ime }# roz
hoexma{mkepk# hzkk ke kccd% Em ke xpk em ke opzox r{epox fd} hoepzd`mhhme kepzkzd~e } ik# imcoxoid } zkcmame% Ke kxpk hdxo cd imcoxoid eo r{k`k `kloxpzdz hlo
fd xm`o hzkd`o kc l{e`o# rkzo x hlo eo fd xm`o hzkd`o% Xojzk kxpk } opzox
pkldx xk rzoi{e`m~dz ke cdx ramedx t{k xma{ke%
MY%
Rdzd pkzlmedz# fdhkz lkehme } d`kcdepdz opzo dxrkhpo mlrozpdepk t{klx d`kcdepk xkz `kxdzzoccd`o hoe `kpkemlmkepo> co azmkao } co mxclmho% Kx
mlrozpdepk pzdpdz kc dx{epo `k cd mehozrozdhme `kc rkexdlmkepo azmkao dc ozjk
zdjo,mxclmho% [ed rzmlkzd m`kd# kx t{k kc rkexdlmkepo azmkao kzd kc t{k kxpdjd
d cd ldeo `{zdepk cd kvrdexme `kc l{e`o l{x{cle7 o t{k# d`klx# cd
kvhkcxmp{` `k pdc rkexdlmkepo kzd {ed h{kxpme t{k dt{kccox foljzkx pdljme
mepkcmakepkx eo r{`mkzoe `kndz `k cd`o% Xoe j{kedx zd~oekx# rkzo rdzd Lofdlk`]djzm xoe mex{imhmkepkx# eo kvrcmhde holrckpdlkepk kxpd h{kxpme% Xkae kxpk
dzdjmxpd ldzzot{# eo xk pzdpdjd `k hoehmcmdz xme lx# em xmlrcklkepk dhhk`kz d
cox xdjkzkx dnkeox rozt{k i{kzde jkccox% Fdjd lymckx lx dh{hmdepkx rdzd t{k
dt{kcco x{hk`mkzd pdc } holo x{hk`m% Kx mlroxmjck ekadz cd drozpdhme `k co
azmkao ke co mxclmho# rkzo co t{k x hoeymkeke dhcdzdz kx kc xkepm`o `k kxk
keh{kepzo% I{k co azmkao co t{k kepz ke kc ldhm~o m`kocamho `k co zdjo,mxclmho# } eo dc hoepzdzmo# t{k co mxclmho xk fmhmkzd fkckeo% I{kzoe cox
kcklkepox azmkaox kxhoam`ox cox t{k kepzdzoe ke cd kxpz{hp{zd mxclmhd#
zkdn{xpe`oxk } zk`kimeme`oxk%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
88
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
MXCDL ] OHHM@KEPK
M%
Xmklrzk t{k xk fdjcd `kc Mxcdl xk rcdepkde holrdzdhmoekx hoe kc
Ohhm`kepk hzmxpmdeo% Cd ld}ozd `k cdx ykhkx# hoe kc die `k holrzke`kz {edxhdpkaozdx t{k eox xoe kvpzddx# xk pzd~de po`o pmro `k rdzdckcmxlox } dedcoadx
kvrcmhdpmydx lx o lkeox hkzpkzdx% Opzdx ykhkx# cd ldcd ik o kc `kxhoeohmlmkepo
yoc{epdzmo cckyde d pzd~dz djkzzdepkx k mekvdhpdx pzdxcdhmoekx% Xojzk kxpo xk
ro`zd fdhkz {e jzkyk holkepdzmo rdzd pkzlmedz cd mepzo`{hhme%
Ke kc Mxcdl eo kehoepzklox e{ehd kc kt{mydckepk kvdhpo `k cdx hdpkaozdx
ohhm`kepdckx% Kxk kx kc rzmlkz kxhocco d xozpkdz dc pzdpdz hoe kxpk rkzo`o `kcrkexdlmkepo% Xm jmke holo rkexd`ozkx ohhm`kepdckx eo ro`klox `kxrzke`kzeox
`k po`dx e{kxpzdx rzkholrzkexmoekx# jmke fdzdlox ke eo `kndz t{k xpdx
mepkzimkzde ke co e{kyox pkldx t{k fd} t{k zkrkexdz hoe kc mxcdl } eo pzdpdz `k
dloc`dz po`dx cdx hdpkaozdx# hoehkrpox k mexpdehmdx mxclmhdx d cdx ohhm`kepdckx%
Roz knklrco } rdzd klrk~dz# ke kc Mxcdl eo kehoepzdlox kc kt{mydckepk kvdhpo
`k co t{k ke Ohhm`kepk fklox `d`o kc eoljzk `k imcoxoid% Idcxdid } Id}cdx{i eokt{mydcke d e{kxpzdx rdcdjzdx imcoxoid } imcxoio% Dx co kvrcmhd Hozjme
&4==0>48->
Kc kxpdjckhmlmkepo `k {ed `mxpmehme ekpd kepk imcoxoid } pkocoad xk zkloepd ke
Ohhm`kepk d cd kxhocxpmhd lk`mkydc } rzkx{roek }d {ed xkh{cdzm~dhme# m`kd t{k eo pked hdjm`d
ke kc Mxcdl# roz cd xkehmccd zd~e `k t{k kc mxcdl eo fd hoeohm`o kc ikelk eo Mackxmd# hoe x{x
mlrcmhdhmoekx } x{x hoexkh{kehmdx%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
80
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
Pzdxrcdepdz dc Mxcdl hoeicmhpox zkcdhmoedckx rzormox `k Ohhm`kepk# lk
zkimkzo d Imcoxoid yx Zkcmame# kx rcdepkdz cd h{kxpme `k ldekzd kt{myohd`d% Cd
meykxpmadhme imcoximhd ke kc Mxcdl xk hkepz ke kc fkhfo i{e`dlkepdc `k cdRzoikhd } x{ Zkykcdhme% Roz kxo cd Imcoxoid mxclmhd d`orp cd iozld `k imcoxoid
rzoipmhd# fkhfo kxpo xme rzkhk`kepk ke cd fmxpozmd `kc rkexdlmkepo ohhm`kepdc
k{zorko%
MM%
Ke kc Mxcdl eo kvmxpk kc ikelkeo rocm`zmho `keolmed`o Mackxmd7 eo fd}em ldamxpkzmo `oalpmho# em d{pozm`d` roepmimhmd x{rzkld meidcmjck# em hoehmcmox
t{k `kimede {ed xkzmk `k rdt{kpkx `k `oaldx d xka{mz% Kc Mxcdl pmkek cd fdtpdp# }
xpd zkt{mkzk cd memhmdhme t{k hoe`{~hd dc hzk}kepk d kccd% Eo fd} ldamxpkzmox ke
cd fdtpdp# rkzo x fde `k kvmxpmz cox a{dx% Cox foljzkx `k `mox# cox mldlkx xoe
kxpox a{dx% Kc Mldl kx {e mexrmzd`o# Pdcml# kc t{k xk zkcdhmoed hoe cd fdtpdp%
Rkzo kx t{k# d`klx# cd hoehmkehmd zkcmamoxd `kc Mxcdl eo kxp hkepzd`dxojzk {e fkhfo fmxpzmho r{ep{dc% Kc rkexdlmkepo mxclmho eo hoeohk kxo t{k
roz Ohhm`kepk fklox ccdld`o hoehmkehmd fmxpzmhd% Kc knk `k x{ rkexdlmkepo eo
kx fozm~oepdc em pklrozdc% Cox rkexd`ozkx mxclmhox t{k kxp{`mdzklox yke kc
l{e`o `k iozld kxrdhmdc } ykzpmhdc> dxhkexo } `kxhkexo# co `k `kepzo } co `k
i{kzd# co drdzkepk } co oh{cpo# co kvopzmho } co kxopzmho# xoe x{x hdpkaozdx
kxkehmdckx% Kxpo# xm xka{mlox cd fkzlke{pmhd `k Hozjme# t{k`d rcdxld`o ke pzkxrdzkx `k pzlmeox hz{hmdckx rdzd kepke`kz kc rkexdlmkepo mxclmho> Xfdzmdp }
Fdtpdp# ^fmz } Jpme } imedclkepk# Pde~c } Pdqc &Hozjme# 4==0>:=-% Kxpdx rdzkndx
`k pzlmeox ldepmkeke# d cd yk~# {ed zkcdhme `k holrcklkepdzmk`d` }
hoepzdxpk% Rdzd kepke`kzeox> cd Ck} } cd Ykz`d`# co Kvopzmho &drdzkepk } cmpkzdc-
} co Kxopzmho &oh{cpo-# cd Zkcmame roxmpmyd &cd ckpzd `k cd Zkykcdhme- } cd
Kvakxmx kxrmzmp{dc mepkzmoz% D cd ymxpd `k kxpo ro`klox hoehc{mz t{k kc Mxcdl eo
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
8;
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
xk daopd ke x{x dxrkhpox kxopzmhox# ckadcmxpdx } cmpkzdcmxpdx% Kc Mxcdl eo kx xocd }
kxpzmhpdlkepk cd Xfdzmdp% Xm dx i{kzd eo xk f{jmkzd rkzlmpm`o cd kvmxpkehmd d cox
imcxoiox% Kc Mxcdl kx {e holrckno loxdmho `k xkzkx } kxpdzkx# `k kepke`mlmkepoxk mepkzrzkpdhmoekx t{k# holrdzpmke`o {e ehcko mzzke{ehmdjck# xk kvrde`k holo
{e zm~old%
Kc rkexdlmkepo mxclmho eo holmke~d hoe cox imcxoiox zdhmoedcmxpdx t{k
ccdldlox idcxmid% Kc `mxh{zzmz `kc rkexdlmkepo mxclmho holmke~d kc `d `kxr{x
`k cd l{kzpk `kc Rzoikpd% Roz kxo# kxh{hfde`o cdx xdjmdx rdcdjzdx `k Hozjme#
holke~dlox roz cd pkoxoid `kc xfmxlo# rozt{k i{kzoe xpox# cox rzmlkzox kefdhkzxk hdzao# lk`mdepk cd zkickvme# cd kxrkh{cdhme rzoipmhd# cd kvakxmx
kxrmzmp{dc# `k cdx azde`kx holrcknm`d`kx t{k dcjkzadjd kc Cmjzo Xdazd`o% Kxpox
imkckx l{x{cldekx orpdzoe roz `dz rzkroe`kzdehmd dc xka{e`o roco `k cdx
`mhopoldx kvr{kxpdx depkzmozlkepk> fdtpdp# jpme } pde~c%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
89
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
81
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
OZMKEPK
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
86
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
XFMXLO4
XFD
M%
Kc Mxcdl kx {ed zkcmame rzoipmhd# pdljme kx {ed hol{em`d` `kc Cmjzo&dfc dc,Gmpj-% X{ rkexdlmkepo xk ozmkepd `kx`k kc rzmehmrmo fdhmd kc @mox t{k xk
zkykcd ke kxk Cmjzo roz lk`mo `kc lkexdnk t{k kc eakc `mhpd dc rzoikpd t{k co
zkhmjk7 lkexdnk t{k pzdexlmpk cd {em`d` } cd pzdexhke`kehmd `k kxk @mox# pdqf %
Po`ox# zkcmamoxox# imcxoiox } lxpmhox# hzk}kepkx `k d rm# homehm`ke ke kxk pkld%
D`klx# kc rkexdlmkepo xk ozmkepd fdhmd cd rkzxoed t{k zkhmjk } pzdexlmpk kc
lkexdnk> kc Rzoikpd% Roz pdepo xk r{k`k `khmz t{k kc Mxcdl pmkek {ed pkocoad# {edrzoikpocoad# {ed depzorocoad } {ed aeoxkocoad rzormdx%
Xfmxlo rzohk`k `k cd rdcdjzd zdjk xf!d# t{k xmaemimhd az{ro `k d`krpox% ]
xoe kc hoen{epo `k dt{kccox t{k xk ymeh{cde d cd m`kd `kc Mldldpo ke cd rkzxoed
`k !Dc mje Dj Pcmj# rzmlo } }kzeo `kc Rzoikpd roz x{ fmnd Ipmld } `k x{x
x{hkxozkx% Cd rdcdjzd mldl `kxmaed d dt{kc t{k xk ldepmkek o hdlmed `kcdepk
`k cox `klx% Xoe `ox cdx zdldx rzmehmrdckx `kc xfmxlo> kc xfmxlo`{o`khmldeo o mldlmxlo } kc xfmxlo xkrpmldeo o mxldmcmxlo% Cd zkikzkehmd
e{lzmhd dc{`k d {e `kpkzlmed`o xmljocmxlo% Lmkepzdx t{k cd mldlocoad
`{o`khmlded xmljocm~d hoe kc Hmkco `k cdx `ohk hoexpkcdhmoekx ~o`mdhdckx cd
mldlocoad xkrpmlded `kc mxldmcmxlo xmljocm~d hoe cox xmkpk hmkcox rcdekpdzmox }
x{x dxpzox lymckx%
4Hozjme# 4==0>81,420
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
8=
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
MM%
Rdzd fdhkzeox {ed m`kd# jmke ro`zdlox hoepkvp{dcm~dz hzoeocamhdlkepk
kxpk dx{epo> Dc Dj{ Pdcmj kx# rdzd cox x{eekx# kc h{dzpo `k cox Hdcmidx Knklrcdzkx&gfdcmidf# x{hkxoz- t{k l{kzk ke kc 994# d xco := dox `kc idcckhmlmkepo `kc
Rzoikpd Ldfold% Kc aojmkzeo `k Dc xk hdzdhpkzm~ roz cdx c{hfdx mepkxpmedx hoe cd
r{ndepk `medxpd Olk}d% Pzdx x{ l{kzpk# L{dqm}}d# Olk}d aojkzed`oz `k Xmzmd#
kx eoljzd`o hdcmid% X{x xka{m`ozkx eo kxpe `k dh{kz`o hoe kxpd x{hkxme hoe co
t{k xk rzo`{hk cd azde z{rp{zd `kepzo `kc Mxcdl> rdzd cox xfmpdx# Dc# xk
hoeymkzpk ke kc rzmlkz Mldl% D rdzpmz `k dt{ xk x{hk`ke opzox xkmx Mldlkx# kccpmlo `k kccox kx Dc,X`mt t{k idcckhk ke kc 19;% @{zdepk lx `k {e xmaco kc
xfmxlo ymym {emimhd`o%
Fdxpd kc YM Mldl# Nd!idz dc,X`mt# xfmpdx `{o`khmldeox k mxldmckx
ykekzdzoe {ed lmxld cekd `mexpmhd `kc Mldldpo% Kc Mll Ndidz eoljz holo
x{hkxoz d x{ fmno Mxlmc% Rkzo dc lozmz rzkldp{zdlkepk# Ndidz eoljz {e e{kyo
x{hkxoz t{k kzd pdljme fmno x{}o> Lx G~kl% Kc xfmxlo xk rdzpm ke `oxazde`kx pzoehox% Roz {e cd`o cox x{hkxozkx `kc fmno `kc `mi{epo Mxlmc# `k df co
`k mxldmckx# {e xfmxlo d {cpzde~d% Roz opzo cd`o# cox x{hkxozkx `k G~kl# t{k `k
mldl ke mldl# cckydzoe x{ ojk`mkehmd fdxpd kc VMM Mldl# Lofdlld` dc,Ldf #
fmno `kc Mldl Fdxde !Dxgdz# lmxpkzmoxdlkepk `kxdrdzkhm`o kc lmxlo `d ke t{k
lozd x{ noyke rd`zk% Roz kxo xk ckx hoeohk holo xfmpdx `{o`khmldeox% Xmaco }
lk`mo `kxr{x `k cd Famzd kc Mxcdl x{izd x{ rzmlkz azde hoeicmhpo rocpmho }kxrmzmp{dc%
MMM%
Ke kc xkeo `kc Mxcdl# fd xm`o kc rkexdlmkepo xfmpd kc t{k fd dcmlkepd`o cd
imcoxoid `k pmro rzoipmho t{k kx cd t{k hozzkxroe`k d {ed zkcmame rzoipmhd>
imcoxoid t{k eo xk `knd kehkzzdz em roz cd fmxpozmd em roz cd ckpzd `k cox `oaldx o
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
02
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
cdx ck}kx `k cd camhd zdhmoedc% Kc xfmxlo eo kx# `kx`k c{kao# em {ed pkocoad em
{ed imcoxoid zdhmoedckx dc {xo# ke kc xkepm`o hcxmho ohhm`kepdc t{k pmkek kc
hoehkrpo zdhmoedc% X kx roxmjck kpmt{kpdzcd holo {ed d{pepmhd pkoxoid# {edxdjm`{zd `k @mox# hoe {ed hofkzkehmd mepkzed djxoc{pd# rozt{k kx cckyd`d d x{x
lvmldx hoexkh{kehmdx% Kc rkexdlmkepo xfmpd kxp ozmkepd`o fdhmd cd
ldemikxpdhme rcked `k po`ox cox xkepm`ox kxrmzmp{dckx { oh{cpox `k cdx zkykcdhmo,
ekx `mymedx% Cd kxrkzd `k kxpd ldemikxpdhme kxp pmrmimhd`d ke cd kxrkzd `k cd
rdz{xd o d`ykemlmkepo acozmoxo `kc Mldl Oh{cpo dc ime `k cox pmklrox%
MY%
Xk zk`{hk cd zkcmame mxclmhd d cd xocd mepkzrzkpdhme ckadcmxpd } n{`mhmdc }
kvopzmhd# ~fmz? Xm xk zkxroe`k dimzldpmydlkepk# eo fd} }d c{adz rdzd fdjcdz `k
imcoxoid% Rkzo xm kepke`klox t{k kc ~dfmz# kxk kcklkepo kvopzmho# kx cd keyocp{zd
`k dcao `mxpmepo# kc jpme# co mepkzmoz o kxopzmho7 kepoehkx# cd ckpzd `k cd zkcmame
roxmpmyd# cd xfdz!dp# d`t{mkzk x{ xkepm`o ke cd fdtpdp# ke cd zkdcm`d` kxrmzmp{dc oxkepm`o kxopzmho `k cdx zkykcdhmoekx `mymedx% Dfozd jmke# kxpk xkepm`o kxopzmho
eo kx dcao t{k xk r{k`d hoexpz{mz hoe d}{`d `k cd camhd# d aocrkx `k xmcoamxlo%
Pdlroho lk`mdepk cd `mdchpmhd% Kc xkepm`o oh{cpo xco r{k`k xkz pzdexlmpm`o
holo fkzkehmd kxrmzmp{dc> {e keozlk hozr{x hoe cd kexkde~d pzd`mhmoedc `k cox
mldlkx `kc xfmxlo ke pdepo t{k fkzk`kzox `k cox rzoikpdx% Hd`d {eo `k cox
mldlkx fd xm`o# ke x{ lolkepo kc Ldepkek`oz `kc Cmjzo# fdhmke`o kvrchmpo }pzdexlmpmke`o d x{x `mxhr{cox kc xkepm`o oh{cpo `k cdx zkykcdhmoekx%
Y%
Kc hmhco `k cd rzoikhd kxp hkzzd`o% Lofdlld`# kc Xkcco `k cox rzoikpdx
&Gfpml dc,dejm}!-# fd xm`o kc cpmlo `k cox rzoikpdx% Depkzmozlkepk d c#
kvmxpmkzoe opzox t{k drozpdzoe {ed xfdz!dp d cd f{ldem`d`> D`e# Eo#
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
04
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
Djzdfdl# Lomxx } Nkxx% Cd e{kyd t{k drozpd kc Rzoikpd Lofdlld` kx cd
cpmld% Rdzd kc Xfmxlo# kc imedc `k cd rzoikhd eo x{roek kc imedc `k cd kvmxpkehmd%
X{roek kc holmke~o `k {e e{kyo hmhco# kc `kc Mldldpo% Pdepo cox Rzoikpdx holocox Mldekx xoe cd cmpk `k cd F{ldem`d`% D kccox ckx fd xm`o zkykcd`d cd ykz`d`
roz @mox% Fde `k xkz# roz pdepo# cox A{dx kxrmzmp{dckx `k cd F{ldem`d`%
Kxpk hmhco `kc Mll pdljme kx hoeohm`o roz kc holrcmhd`o hoehkrpo `k
qdc}dp% @kc lmxlo lo`o t{k kc hmhco `kc Mldl x{hk`k dc `kc Rzoikpd# kc jpme
x{hk`k dc~fmz# } cd fdtpdpx{hk`k d cd xfdz!dp% D{et{k dt{ x{hkxme eo me`mhd
cd kcmlmedhme# rozt{k e{ehd xkze pzlmeox hoepzdzmox t{k xk kcmlmede% Fkez}Hozjme co ldpm~d fdjcde`o `k xml{cpdekm`d` kepzk xfdz!dp} fdtpdp% Xmklrzk xk
`de dljox pzlmeox } ro`zdlox fdjcdz `k rzkroe`kzdehmd xme xkrdzdhme `k
{eox `k cox rocox rkzo e{ehd `k xkrdzdhme holrckpd%
Kikhpmydlkepk# kc xfmxlo dx{lk roz holrckpo cox xkhzkpox `k cox mldlkx>
rzkydckhk rzoi{e`dlkepk co kxopzmho% ] rzkpke`kz cmlmpdz cdx kexkde~dx `k cox
mldlkx d h{kxpmoekx `k `kzkhfo } zmp{dc kx l{pmcdz cd jkcck~d `kc xfmxlo% Cokxopzmho ke kc xfmxlo eo mlrcmhd cd djocmhme `k cd xfdzdp } `kc ~fmz% Xmaemimhd
t{k xm kcmlmedlox dc jpme } cd fdtpdp# cd zkcmame zkx{cpdepk xk hoeymkzpk ke {e
rkxd`o } orzkxmyo hdpcoao `k `oaldx%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
0:
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
XFMXLO @[O@KHMLDEO
M%
Cd rzoikpocoad kx kc zdxao x{xpdehmdc `kc xfmxlo% ] rdzd xpd co t{k fd} ke
n{kao kx# ed`d lx } ed`d lkeox# kc `kxpmeo kxrmzmp{dc `kc xkz f{ldeo% Rdzd
djoz`dz xklkndepk pdzkd xk ekhkxmpd# ke rzmlkz c{adz# cd kvmxpkehmd `k foljzkx
mexrmzd`ox# kxpo kx# foljzkx `mymeox hoe iozld f{lded% ] xka{e`o# {ed
aeoxkocoad rzoipmhd ccked `k iozldx xmljcmhdx% ]d xk fd `mhfo t{k rdzd kc
xfmxlo# hoe kc hmkzzk `kc hmhco `k cd rzoikhd holmke~d kc hmhco `k cd qdc}dp# kc
memhmo `k cd memhmdhme kxrmzmp{dc# cd kxrkzd `k {e i{p{zo dc t{k xk rkzldekhk
djmkzpo% Kc Rzoikpd kx kc keymd`o roz @mox d cd pmkzzd `k cox foljzkx rdzd t{k
xpox xkde a{md`ox ke kc i{p{zo lk`mdepk cd ke{ehmdhme `k cd Ck} @mymed%
Kc Xfmxlo zkhoeohk pzkx azd`ox `k rzkikzkehmd ke x{x Rzoikpdx> qdc# edj
o rzoikpd } zdxc o keymd`o% Dc qdc hozzkxroe`k cd qdc}dp# dc edj hozzkxroe`k
cd rzoikhd o eojoqqdp# } dc zdxc hozzkxroe`k cd zmxcdp o lmxme `kc keymd`o% Cd
qdc}dp# dc xkz kc hozd~e } co kxopzmho# kx lx klmekepk t{k cd drdzmkehmd
kvopzmhd# r{kx xpd pmkek ekhkxm`d` `k dt{kccd> co lmxlo t{k cd lmxme `kc zdxc
o keymd`o rzkx{roek kc kxpd`o kxrmzmp{dc `kc edj# d x{ yk~ xpk rzkx{roek dc
qdc% Kc Qdc o dlmao `k @mox# memhmd`o k memhmd`oz kxrmzmp{dc# kx lx klmekepk
t{k cd h{dcm`d` `k edj# } xpd# d x{ yk~# lx klmekepk t{k cd h{dcm`d` `k zdxc o
keymd`o &kvpkzmozm`d` hzkhmkepk-% Dca{eox d{pozkx xfmkx depma{ox {pmcm~de {ed
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
08
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
lkpiozd> cd zmxcdp kx holo cd hozpk~d# cd eojoqqdp kx holo cd dclke`zd# cd
qdc}dpkx holo kc dhkmpk `k cd dclke`zd% Ke opzox pzlmeox# cd lmxme `kc zdxc#
xme kc kxpd`o `k edj# xkzd holo cd xfdz!dp# cd zkcmame roxmpmyd# rzmyd`d `k cdpdztdp# cd yd lxpmhd# holo co kvopzmho xme co kxopzmho# holo cd hozpk~d ydhd
xme cd dclke`zd% ] kc kxpd`o `k edj xme cd qdc}dp xkzd holo cd yd lxpmhd
&pdztdp- rzmyd`d `k cd zkdcm~dhme kxrmzmp{dc &fdtpdp-# holo cd dclke`zd xme kc
dhkmpk%
MM%Ke kc Xfmxlo n{epo d cd rzoikpocoad hoeymyk {ed mldlocoad# t{k ke
hmkzpo xkepm`o cd holrckpd% Xm cd rzmlkzd `kxdzzoccd cd ima{zd } kc xmaemimhd`o `k
cox Rzoikpdx# cd xka{e`d `kxdzzoccd cd ima{zd } kc xmaemimhd`o `k cox Mldlkx% Kc
Toze eo kx {e cmjzo h{}d hmkehmd r{k`d xkz dx{lm`d roz cd imcoxoid hole% Kx
rzkhmxo zkhoe`{hmz kc pkvpo fdxpd kc rcdeo ke t{k eox l{kxpzd x{ ykz`d`kzo
xkepm`o% xpd eo kx lmxme `k cd `mdchpmhd% Fdhk idcpd {e foljzk t{k xkd d cd yk~{e fkzk`kzo kxrmzmp{dc } {e mexrmzd`o# t{k roxkd co kxopzmho} co kvopzmho% c kx
kc Ldepkek`oz `kc Cmjzo# kc Mldl o A{d% Eo r{k`k hoeohkzxk d @mox xmeo roz
@mox% Eo kx roxmjck cckadz d cox hoeohmlmkepox zkykcd`ox lx t{k roz zkykcdhme
`mymed# qdf}# o roz mexrmzdhme# mcfl% @kxr{x `kc Rzoikpd kx mlroxmjck t{k cd
Pmkzzd t{k`k ydhd `k {e adzdepk `k @mox t{k zkxroe`d roz c depk cox foljzkx#
rdzd t{k xpox xk dhkzt{ke d c%R{k`k xkz zkhoeohm`o rjcmhdlkepk o cckydz {e lo`o `k kvmxpkehmd `k
mehoaempo% Xkd holo i{kzk kx kc A{d me`mxrkexdjck rdzd cckadz d cox xkepm`ox
oh{cpox `kc Cmjzo# cox h{dckx zkt{mkzke {ed c{~ `mymed# {ed ymxme mepkzmoz# {ed
d{`mhme kxrmzmp{dc% Cd mldlocoad kx {e roxp{cd`o kxkehmdc `k cd imcoxoid
rzoipmhd% Cd rzmlkzd h{kxpme kx xpd> t{me# `kxr{x `kc Rzoikpd# ro`d
zkmyme`mhdz cd h{dcm`d` `k Ldepkek`oz `kc Cmjzo? Kc Xfmxlo kx {ed hol{em`d`
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
00
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
kxrmzmp{dc } kc Mldl kx x{ a{d% Kc Mldl memhmd kc xkepm`o oh{cpo `k cdx
Zkykcdhmoekx } eo kx {e lkzo ldamxpkzmo `oalpmho o kc d`lmemxpzd`oz `k {ed
Mackxmd% Cox mldlkx zkhmjke cdx h{dcmimhdhmoekx `k Ima{zdx `k c{~# Kepm`d`kxrzkhxlmhdx# Krmidedx`mymedx% Xoe cox rmcdzkx `k cd Pmkzzd# dt{kccox d t{mkekx
i{k `d`d cd xdjm`{zd mei{xd% Xoe kc zjoc `k cd rzoikhd# cox fkzk`kzox `kc
hoeohmlmkepo t{k pzdexlmpke% X{ hoeohmlmkepo djdzhd cd popdcm`d` `k cox
pmklrox# xoe meldh{cd`ox# dt{kccox d t{mkekx fdjcde cox eakckx# lofd``dpfe%
MMM%Holo fdjdlox `mhfo n{epo d cd Rzoikpocoad,Mldlocoad xk `kxdzzoccd
{ed aeoxkocoad# h{}d i{ehme rzmloz`mdc kx hoeohkz d cd `mymem`d`%
Kc Edj kx rzoikpd rdzd x lmxlo% Pmkek ymxmoekx } o}k cd yo~ `kceakc ke x{kox rkzo e{ehd ke kxpd`o `k ymamcmd% Eo ck holrkpk
rzohcdldz kc lkexdnk t{k fd zkhmjm`o `k @mox%
Kc Edj lozxdc# kc Rzoikpd Keymd`o o kc Rzoikpd @ohkepk# kx kc t{k fdpkem`o cd ymxme `kc eakc ke x{kox# rkzo pdljme ke cd ymamcmd% Kx
keymd`o d rzohcdldz x{ lkexdnk d az{rox roho e{lkzoxox%
Cox Azde`kx Rzoikpdx xoe xmkpk> D`e# Eo# Djzdfdl# Lomxx# @dym`#Nkxx } Lofdlld` kc fonndp `k @mox% Pmkeke cd lmxme `k ke{ehmdz
{ed xfdz dp# {ed Ck} @mymed e{kyd t{k djzoad d cd t{k ck rzkhk`k%
Po`o hoeohmlmkepo ykz`d`kzo kx ke zkdcm`d` {ed pkoided o krmided
`mymed% Roz kxo cd aeoxkocoad xfmpd xk ccdld pdljme fmkzoaeoxmx% D`klx# kc
hozd~e kx kc zadeo hoe hdrdhm`d` rdzd dhoakz cd zkdcm`d` kxrmzmp{dc% Cd m`kd `kc
hoeohmlmkepo holo krmided h{}o zadeo `k rkzhkrhme pmkek x{ xk`k ke kc
hozd~e# hoe`{hk d kxpdjckhkz `ox xkzmkx rdzdckcdx h{}ox pzlmeox zkxrkhpmyox
xoe folcoaox>
, Ymxme kvpkzmoz# jdxdz dc,~fmz> Ono Ymxpd , cd rkzhkrhme# m`zg , kc xoc%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
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fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
, Ymxme mepkzmoz# jdxzdp dc,jpme> Hozd~e# tdcj , cd mepkcmakehmd# !dtc , kc
hoeohmlmkepo# mcl , kc eakc# cd Mepkcmakehmd Dakepk%
Xk `d d kxpk eakc,Mepkcmakehmd kc eoljzk `k Hcdlo &Tdcdl-# rozt{k kx cdhd{xd mepkzlk`md kepzk @mox } kc foljzk rdzd cd dhp{dcm~dhme `kc hoeohmlmkepo
ke kc hozd~e# holo kc hcdlo &cd rc{ld- kx lk`md`oz kepzk kc kxhzmpoz } kc rdrkc
ke t{k `mj{nd o kxhzmjk% Xme cd mc{lmedhme `kc xoc# kc ono eo r{k`k ykz% Xme cd
mc{lmedhme `kc eakc,Mepkcmakehmd# kc mepkckhpo f{ldeo eo r{k`k hoeohkz% Eo xk
pzdpd# r{kx# `k rdxdz `kc oz`ke xkexmjck dc x{rzdxkexmjck% Eo fd} pdlroho
djxpzdhhme d rdzpmz `k co xkexmjck% Xk pzdpd `k `ox dxrkhpox# ke `ox rcdeox`mikzkepkx# `k {e lmxlo rzohkxo% Kxpo kx co t{k cox Mldlkx ccdlde hoeohmlmkepo
roz kc hozd~e o ldzmidp tdcj}d% Cd aeoxkocoad `kc hozd~e pmkek pzkx azd`ox
`mikzkepkx `k klmekehmd> kc hoeohmlmkepo `k cox imcxoiox# kc hoeohmlmkepo `k cox
mexrmzd`ox } kc hoeohmlmkepo `k cox Rzoikpdx% Cox Imcxoiox hoeohke cox rzmlkzox
rzmehmrmox roz cd ojxkzydhme } kc kxi{kz~o% Kc hoeohmlmkepo `k cox mexrmzd`ox }
`k cox Rzoikpdx xk rzo`{hk rozt{k cd mexrmzdhme# mcfl# xk dro`kzd `k kxpoxfoljzkx% Cd dqcm} ke cox Mexrmzd`ox> kc eakc rzo}khpd cd hmkehmd xojzk kc
x{nkpo% Pold iozld `k d{`mhme kxrmzmp{dc% Cd Qdf} ke cox Rzoikpdx>
hol{emhdhme `mymed `kc eakc dc Rzoikpd% Pold iozld `k ymxme hcdzd ke kxpd`o
`k ymamcmd%
MY%Rdzdckcd d kxpd fmkzoaeoxmx# pzdexh{zzk {ed fmkzofmxpozmd# kxpo kx# {ed
fmxpozmd t{k kx hoexkh{kehmd rcked `k cdx lo`dcm`d`kx `k rkzhkrhme `k cox
fkhfox x{rzdxkexmjckx% Xm cd fmxpozmd xk fdhk hdzao `k cox fkhfox klrzmhox# kxpd
lkpdfmxpozmd xk fdhk hdzao `k cd m`kd `k cox hmhcox `k cd Rzoikhd } cd Qdc}dp%
Holrdzloxco hoe cd hoehmkehmd fmxpzmhd `kc hzmxpmdemxlo } x{ jxt{k`d `k {ed
`dpdhme rzkhmxd% Cd hoehmkehmd `kc foljzk hzmxpmdeo kxp imnd`d xojzk hmkzpox
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
09
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
fkhfox `dpdjckx rdzd c ke cd fmxpozmd> cd Kehdzedhme } cd Zk`kehme% Rdzd kc imkc#
cd m`kd t{k pmkek `k x{ ozmake } `kc rozykemz# `k cox t{k `krke`k kc xkepm`o `k x{
ym`d rzkxkepk# kxp imnd`d xojzk fkhfox t{k xoe ma{dclkepk zkdckx# rkzo t{krkzpkekhke d kxpd lkpdfmxpozmd `mymed%
Kc xkepm`o `k x{ ozmake co rkzhmjk ke c mepkzzoadepk rcdepkd`o roz @mox kc
@d `kc Rdhpo d cd f{ldem`d` d`lmhd% Rkzo emea{ed hzoeocoad r{k`k imndz cd
ikhfd kvdhpd `k kxk @d `kc Rdhpo# t{k pmkek c{adz ke kc pmklro `k cd
rzkkvmxpkehmd `k cdx dcldx% Kc opzo clmpk rdzd kc xfmpd# }d xkd rkexd`oz o xmlrck
hzk}kepk# kx kc `k cd rdz{xd `kc Mldl dhp{dclkepk oh{cpo% Kc pmklro rzkxkepk kxkc pmklro `k cd oh{cpdhme#afd}jdp# `kc Mldl% Xco {ed imcoxoid rzoipmhd# dc xkz
kxkehmdclkepk kxhdpocamhd# r{k`k fdjcdz `k c% Kepzk kxpox `ox clmpkx# xk
`kxdzzoccd kc `zdld `k cd kvmxpkehmd f{lded ymym`o roz hd`d hzk}kepk% Cd
rzoazkxme `kc pmklro `k cd oh{cpdhme fdxpd kc `kxkecdhk imedc roz cd rdz{xd# kx
kc hmhco `k cd qdc}dpt{k x{hk`k dc hmhco `k cd rzoikhd% Kc hmhco `k cd rzoikhd kx
holo {e hzh{co hoexpmp{m`o roz {ed xkzmk `k r{epox# hd`d {eo `k cox h{dckxzkrzkxkepd {e rzoikpd# {e lolkepo rdzhmdc `k cd rzoikhd% Kc r{epo t{k ldzhd kc
holmke~o `kc hmhco `k cd rzoikhd xojzk cd pmkzzd i{k cd kvmxpkehmd `k D`e% @k
edj ke edj# &cd pzd`mhme h{kepd lx `k 422%222-# `k keymd`o ke keymd`o &xk
h{kepde lx `k 822-# `k azde rzoikpd ke azde rzoikpd &fde xm`o xmkpk-# kc hmhco
rzoazkxd fdxpd cd kvmxpkehmd `k Nkxx t{k i{k kc cpmlo azde rzoikpd rdzhmdc% Hoe
cd ykem`d `k Lofdlld`# kc hzh{co xk holrckpd } xk hmkzzd% Holo Gfpml#Lofdlld` kx cd krmided `k cd Zkdcm`d` rzoipmhd kpkzed# `kc Kxrzmp{ x{rzklo o
Depfzorox hkckxpmdc% Kc Kxrzmp{ x{rzklo xk krmidem~d ke c roz cd kxkehmd lmxld
`k cd rzoikhd%
Cd h{clmedhme `k cd fmkzofmxpozmd# pdljme `k cd Mldlocoad# kx kc pkld
`kc Mldl oh{cpo% D co cdzao `k cd dj{e`depxmld cmpkzdp{zd pkoximhd xfmpd fd
zkhmjm`o mee{lkzdjckx eoljzkx% Zkhoaklox `k Hozjme cox lx {x{dckx> Xfmj dc,
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
01
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
~dleo kc t{k `olmed kxpk pmklro# Mll loepd~dzo Mldl kxrkzd`o# Tml
dc,Tm}ldpo Mldl `k cd Zkx{zzkhhme% Holo x{ eoljzk me`mhd kc Mldl oh{cpo kx
meymxmjck d cox xkepm`ox rkzo eo d cox hozd~oekx `k cox hzk}kepkx% Kc Mldl oh{cpo#fdxpd kc lolkepo `k cd rdz{xd# eo kx ymxmjck lx t{k ke x{ko# o jmke ke
ldemikxpdhmoekx rkzxoedckx t{k pmkeke kc hdzhpkz `k dhoepkhmlmkepox
ymxmoedzmox%
Kc pmklro `k cd Azde Oh{cpdhme o Afd}jdp gojz kx kc pmklro `k {ed
rzkxkehmd `mymed `k mehaempo# } rzkhmxdlkepk roz xkzco e{ehd r{k`k hoeykzpmzxk
ke ojnkpo# `kxdimde`o po`d xohmdcm~dhme `k co kxrmzmp{dc% Kc d`ykemlmkepo `kcMldl ldemikxpdz imedclkepk kc xkepm`o oh{cpo `k po`dx cdx zkykcdhmoekx% Kc
kxopkzmxlo mxclmho zkrzkxkepd`o roz kc xfmxlo rzoipmho roxkk kc xkhzkpo `kc
kh{lkemxlo ykz`d`kzo } zolrk kc meloymcmxlo pde d lke{`o zkrzohfd`o dc
Mxcdl ckadcmxpd `k cd xfdz!dp% Cd i{p{zd drdzmhme `kc Mldl# `kc Foljzk Rkzikhpo#
`kc Foljzk Mepkazdc# rzkx{roek cd lkpdlozioxmx `kc hozd~e `k cox foljzkx7
`krke`k `k cd im`kcm`d` `k x{x d`krpox t{k xk zkdcmhk rzoazkxmydlkepk kxdrdz{xd# roz x{ rzormo dhpo `k xkz% @k df `kzmyd po`d cd pmhd `kc hdjdcckzo
kxrmzmp{dc# m`kd t{k keacojd po`o kc kpfox `kc xfmxlo# hoe cd rdzd`ond `k x{
rkxmlmxlo n{epo d x{ kxrkzde~d# r{kx x{ ymxme djzd~d roz dljdx rdzpkx kc
fozm~oepk `k cd lkpdfmxpozmd> cd rzkkvmxpkehmd `k cdx dcldx } cd Zkx{zzkhhme#
T{m}ldp# t{k kx {ed pzdexima{zdhme `k cdx hoxdx%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
06
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
MXLDMCMXLO
M%
D cd fozd `k dedcm~dz kc hmxld } kxhmxme `kepzo `k cdx imcdx `kc Xfmxlo ke
x{x `ox zdldx ro`klox {pmcm~dz# lkpdizmhdlkepk# kxd `ojck ymxme `kc mxcdl `k
kxopzmho } kvopzmho% Cd hd{xd drdzkepk } kvpkzed# kvopzmhd# i{k `kx`k c{kao {e
hcdzo hoeicmhpo `mexpmho# rocpmho xm xk t{mkzk% Cox imkckx xfmpdx eo xk r{xmkzoe `k
dh{kz`o ke t{me `kjd xkz kc x{hkxoz `kc YM Mldl% Rkzo d`klx# fklox `k
fdjcdz `k {ed hd{xd mepkzed o kxopzmhd> cd zd`mhdcm~dhme `k `kpkzlmed`dx
roxp{zdx ke co zkikzkepk d cd Mldlocoad% Kikhpmydlkepk# kc YM Mldl# Nd!idz X`mt
fdjd eoljzd`o x{hkxoz d x{ fmno ld}oz# Mxl!c7 rkzo xpk l{zm
rzkldp{zdlkepk depkx t{k x{ rd`zk% X{zad kepoehkx cd `{`d> hozzkxroe`d cd
meykxpm`{zd `kc Mldldpo dc fmno `k Mxl!c# o jmke kc Mldl Nd!idz pked `kzkhfo d
pzdxcd`dz cd meykxpm`{zd d opzo `k x{x fmnox# Lx G~kl# fkzldeo lkeoz `k
Mxl!c? Co `mymeo } co f{ldeo xk n{epde {ed yk~ lx rdzd holrcmhdz cdx hoxdx d
cd ym`d `k cox foljzkx% Xk lk~hcde dt{ cox rzojckldx f{ldeox# `k o`mox }
zkehmccdx kepzk rkzxoedx } idlmcmdx# hoe cox pzdxhke`kepkx `k kepke`kz h{c kx cd
iozld hozzkhpd `k cox mldlkx%
MM%
D{et{k kc Mldl Nd!idz `kxd{pozm~ d cox xkrpmldeox# kxpk loymlmkepo
xma{m d`kcdepk7 } xco xmaco } lk`mo `kxr{x# hoe cd drdzmhme `k cd `medxpd
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
0=
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
idpmlm`d ke Kc Hdmzo# rdzkhd t{k cd azde kxrkzde~d mxldmc xk fdzd zkdcm`d`> kc
zkmeo `k @mox ke cd Pmkzzd% Rkzo {ed yk~ lx# {e rzojckld `k x{hkxme `mexpmhd
zolrk cd cekd `k rkexdlmkepo `kc xfmxlo mxldmc o {cpzdxfmxlo% Ke 061/42=:l{kzk kc YMMM hdcmid idplm`d# dc,Loxpdexmz# `knde`o holo x{hkxoz d dc,Loxpdc# x{
xka{e`o fmno% Kxpo ohdxmoe cd kxhmxme `k cd hol{em`d` mxldmc ke `ox zdldx%
Rzmlkzo# kxpdjde cox mxldmckx ccdld`ox ohhm`kepdckx &`k Kamrpo } ]klke- t{k
zkhoeohmkzoe kc Mldldpo `kc fmno `k dc,Loxpdexmz# } hoepme{dzoe cd depma{d pzd`m,
hme idplm`d% Xka{e`o# cox mxldmckx ccdld`ox ozmkepdckx# kx `khmz cox mxldmckx
`k Rkzxmd t{k p{ymkzoe roz hkepzo rzmehmrdc cd keholmke`d `k Dcdl{p &ke cdxloepddx dc x{`okxpk `kc ldz Hdxrmo-%
MMM%
Yocydlox# jzkyklkepk } depkx `k kxp{`mdz roz xkrdzd`o cdx `ox zdldx
kxhme`m`dx `kc }d# } ydcad cd zk`{e`dehmd# kxhme`m`o mxldmcmxlo# d cdx zd~oekx
kxopzmhdx `k cd azde z{rp{zd ke kc xkeo `kc xfmxlo% Dczk`k`oz `kc noyke MldlMxl!c xk i{kzoe hoeazkade`o {ed xkzmk `k `mxhr{cox t{k xdhdjde
hoexkh{kehmdx zd`mhdckx dhkzhd `k cd krmided `mymed ke cd mldlocoad> po`d
zkdcm`d` kvopzmhd hozzkxroe`k {ed zkdcm`d` kxopzmhd% R{xmkzoe po`o kc eidxmx
ke cd Zkx{zzkhhme Kxrmzmp{dc o T{m}ldpke `kpzmlkepo `k cd ojxkzydehmd `k cd
Ck} o xfdzdp% Rkzo d`klx kc aeoxpmhmxlo xfmpd# }d `k roz x kx `k {ed dcpxmld
kxrkh{cdhme lkpdixmhd# hdkz ke {edx zk`kx kvpzddx rdzd kc xfmxlo> cd aeoxmxldemt{kd depma{d% Xme ro`kz xdhdz hoehc{xmoekx `kimempmydx kx roxmjck t{k kc
hoepdhpo hoe kc ldemt{kxlo `k hozpk ~ozoxpzmho `kc depma{o Mze pkead l{hfo
t{k ykz hoe kxpox e{kyox zdxaox ke kc mxldmcmxlo%
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
;2
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
MXLDMCMXLO IDPMLM@D
M%
Cd aeoxmx mxldmc rdzpk `k {ed mep{mhme mekidjck> dc Rzmehmrmo { Ozmamed`oz#
Loj`m!# kc Lmxpkzmo `k cox Lmxpkzmox# eo kx roxmjck dpzmj{mzck eoljzkx# dpzmj{pox#
em h{dcmimhdhmoekx% Kc pdqf` xk `kxdzzoccd } xk eox l{kxpzd d pzdyx `k cox fo``#
rc{zdc `k fd``# t{k xmaemimhd clmpk o azd`o% Dca{edx i{kepkx {pmcm~de kc pzlmeo
fozm~oepk o xjmt# } opzox d{pozkx kc pzlmeo dzheakckx% Kxpox azd`ox xoe pdepo
hkckxpkx holo pkzzkxpzkx7 d hd`d azd`o hkckxpk hozzkxroe`k {e azd`o pkzzkxpzk%
Cox azd`ox x{rkzmozkx xoe cd Pzd`d } cox azd`ox meikzmozkx xoe cd Frpd`d% Kc
hoen{epo popdc `k azd`ox } nkzdzt{dx kx kc Rckzold% [pmcm~de`o {ed pkzlmeocoad
ohhm`kepdc `mzdlox t{k kc mxldmcmxlo idpmlm`d n{epd ke x{ pkoxoid aexpmhd d
{ed loed`ocoad } {ed oepocoad nkzzt{mhd% Ke t{ fd`` dicozd# `kx`k kc
Rzmehmrmo# cd zkykcdhme `kc xkz? Hlo# `kxr{x `k cd rzmloz`mdc Krmided `mymed#
dicozde po`ox cox `klx fo``?
MM%
Ke cd Nkzdzt{d d rdzpmz `kc [eo# mehoaeoxhmjck k mekidjck# xco x{
zkykcdhme# cd Rzmlkzd Mepkcmakehmd r{k`k xkz hoeohm`d% Dx t{k kc Ykzjo `mymeo
hzkd`oz o Ykzjo Mlrkzdpmyo# Rzmlkzd Mepkcmakehmd o Mepkcmakehmd [emykzxdc# kc xkz
r{kxpo ke mlrkzdpmyo kx kc r{epo `k rdzpm`d% Cd mepkckhhme roz cd t{k xk
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Iho% Ndymkz Jkepk~ Z{jmoMepzo`{hhme dc Rkexdlmkepo Mxclmho
;4
fppr>//qqq%coxlolkepoxkehoepzd`ox%jcoaxrop%hol%kx/
zkhoeohk d x lmxlo holo `mymem`d`# zkdcm~d cd `kcmlmpdhme `kc xkz `k cd Rzmlkzd
Mepkcmakehmd# kc rzmlkz fd``# kc rzmlkz oz`ke o clmpk# cd Krmided kxkehmdc% D
rdzpmz `k dt{ oh{zzk cd rzohkxme `kc xkz d rdzpmz `k cd Rzmlkzd Mepkcmakehmd% @kkxd rzmlkzd rkzikhhme kldedz po`d cd rzohkxme `kc xkz% Cd Xka{e`d
Mepkcmakehmd o kc Dcld [emykzxdc# Pc o kc t{k xma{k# kx cd rzmlkzd kldedhme `k
cd Mepkcmakehmd {emykzxdc# kx kc xka{e`o fozm~oepk o clmpk% Cd Pkzhkzd
Mepkcmakehmd# kc pkzhkzo `k cox clmpkx } cd xka{e`d `k cdx kldedhmoekx kx kc D`e
kxrmzmp{dc hkckxpk# o eakc `k cd f{ldem`d`# kc D`dl zfe%
Rkzo oh{zzk t{k kxpk oz`ke pzdpd `k zkhfd~dz kc clmpk t{k ck rzkhk`k }cckadz lx dcc% Co t{k oh{zzk zkdclkepk kx t{k hdk fdhmd dpzx } rdxd d xkz cd
@khmld Mepkcmakehmd% Kxpk zkpzdxo mepzo`{hk ke {e xkz `k c{~ {ed `mlkexme t{k
ck kx kvpzdd# } t{k xk pzd`{hk ke ordhm`d`% Imedclkepk# kepzk cd Xka{e`d
Mepkcmakehmd } cd @khmld xk rzo`{hke {ed xkzmk `k xmkpk e{kydx kldedhmoekx
ccdld`ox Xmkpk Ykzjox @mymeox o Xmkpk T{kz{jmekx# t{k d}{`dze dc D`e d
zkpozedz dc c{adz t{k ck hozzkxroe`k
MMM%
Kxpdx xoe cdx nkzdzt{dx hkckxpkx# } d hd`d {ed hozzkxroe`ke {edx
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