SCHOOL HEALTH SCHEME,DHS,GOVT.OF NCT OF DELHI
DR ANUP NATH M.B.B.S.,(UCMS),D.Ph.
(Delhi University),N.D.DY.(IFNHY), DI.HOM,MD-HOM,FBIH(U.K.)MD (AM),MSc
(JVBU),YIC,PGDYT-D (SVYASA)
O;fDrRo fodkl dk vk/kkj% thou foKku
eqfu fd’kuyky----
O;Dr gksuk&izLrqr gksukA O;fDr gksus ds izdYi dks O;fDrRo dgrs gSaA O;fDr esa xq.kksa ds mRd”kZ ls O;fDrRo curk gSaA O;fDrRo dk izk:i euksfoKku ls izlwr gSa] fQj thou foKku esa mldh ifjdYiuk D;ks\ euksfoKku esa O;fDrRo dh O;k[;k ‘kjhj vkSj eu rd ifjlhfer gS] tcfd foKku esa ‘kjhj vkSj eu ds ijs HkkoukRed Lrj ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS tks O;fDrRo dk ewy ?kVd gSA blls Hkh vkxs pSrU; dk ifj”dkj O;fDrRo ds fodkl dk vk/kkj curk gSA euksfoKku esa O;fDrRo dh fo”kn~ O;k[;k gS fdUrq O;fDrRo fodkl dh izk;ksfxd izfdz;kvksa dk vH;kl vkSj foospu thou foKku esa djk;k tkrk gSA
O;fDrRo dk fuekZ.k-
O;fDrRo dk fuekZ.k D;ksa\
leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy,
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lkFk lek;kstu gsrq
O;fDrRo dh igpku
O;fDrRo fodkl dk igyk vk/kkj Hkk”kk gSa euq”; us Hkk”kk dk fodkl djds Kku&foKku dks lqjf{kr fd;kA Hkk”kk ls lkekftdrk dk fodkl gqvkA Hkk”kk ls euq”; vius fopkjksa dks O;fDr djus yxkA O;fDr ds O;fDrRo dh nwljh igpku mldh os’kHkw”kk gSa tks O;fDr dh viuh lw>&cw> gSA euq”; ds vkgkj djus dh fof/k lkekU; izkf.k;ksa ls fHkUu gSA vkgkj lHkh djrs gSa ysfdu euq”; vusd rjg ls O;atu cukdj vius vkgkj dks Lokfn”V cukrk gSA euq”; ds jgus dk ?kj Hkh mldh lw>&cw> dk ifjpk;d gSA euq”; dk Hkko ra= Hkh fodflr gksrk jgrk gSA bl rjg euq”; ds fof’k”V O;fDrRo dh igpku mlds fuEu y{k.kksa ls gksrh gS&
cksyus] fy[kus vkSj i<+us ds <ax]
os’k&Hkw”kk ds rkSj&rjhds]
Hkkstu dh fof/k;ka]
?kj dk Lo:i
Hkkouk vkSj eqnzk,a]
vuq’kklu vkSj fu;ferrkA
O;fDrRo esa ifjorZu thou foKku ds iz;ksxksa ls Hkkoksa dk ifjorZu gks ldrk gSA O;fDrRo esa cnyko vk ldrk gSaA thou foKku dk ladYi gS&LoLFk lekt lajpukA lfg”.kqrk] fou;’khyrk] ljyrk vkSj {kerk ds Hkko fodflr gksrs gSa rks lekt esa LoLFk O;fDrRo okys O;fDr;ksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSa LoLFk laarqfyr O;fDr;ksa }kjk lapkfyr] ikfjokfjd] lkekftd vkSj jk”V™h; laLFkk,a Hkh LoLFk ,oa larqfyr gksxhA ;g dke dsoy mins’k nsus ;k le>kus ls ugha gksrkA blds fy, vUr%lzkoh xzafFk&ra= ds lzkoksa esa ifjorZu ykuk gksrk gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr varj ds Hkkoksa dks ckgj rd gh le> ldrk gS tc os izdV gksrs gSaA O;fDr tc viuh Lo;a dh] izo`fRr;ksa dks ns[krk gS vkSj Lo;a gh bUgsa feVkus dks ladYi’kfDr curk gS] rHkh ;s izo`fRr;ka yxkkj vH;kl ls NwVrh gSaaA O;fDrRo fodkl ds rRo o muds dkj.k&fuokj.k bl izdkj gSA
dzks/k
dzks/k tfVy laosx gSA ckSf)d :i ls bls cqjk ekurs gq, Hkh vkneh blds izHkko esa vk tkrk gSA blls ikfjokfjd foxzg c<+rk gSA lkekftd vkSj O;fDrRo fodkl vo:) gks tkrk gSA
dzks/k ds dkj.k
‘kkjhfjd% 1- fcuk pck, Hkkstu djuk 2- Hkkstu fdz;k esa vle;
gksuk 3- lzk;fod nqcZyrk 4-‘okl dh rhozrk
Ekufld% 1- vkxzg;qDr fpUru 2-vlarqfyr fpUru
HkkoukRed% 1- vgadkj 2-vlarqfyr fparu ij vk/kkfjr vkpj.k vkSj O;ogkjA
Dzks/k dh voLFkk esa eq[kkd`fr esa ifjorZu vkrk gSA vkWa[ksa yky gks tkrh gS vkSj nksuksa gksaB nc tkrs gSaA nksuksa vkWa[kksa dh HkkS,a rudjds uhps >qd tkrh gSA ;s psgjs ds }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr gSA
dzks/k ds dkj.kksa dk fuokj.k
la;fer Hkkstu&rys gq,] pViVs vkSj mRrstd inkFkksZa dk ifjgkj vkSj la;fer lqikP; Hkkstu iwjh rjg pck&pck dj djukA
‘k’kkadklu ¼le; 01 ls 03 feuV½
Hkk”kk la;e dk vH;kl&ekSu dk vH;kl] fdlh dks rRdky tokc u nsdj fpUru&iwoZd foosdiw.kZ tokc nsukA
nh?kZ’okl izs{kk dk vH;kl&vkus&tkus okys ‘okl dks ns[kukA ‘okl dh xfr] ‘okl dk Li’kZ] ‘okl nk,a ukd l spy jgk gS ;k ck,a ls] bldh fujarj izs{kk djukA le;% izfrfnu 15 feuV
izs{kk/;ku ----- T;ksfr dsUnz ;k yykV ij /;ku&yykV ds e/; Hkkx ij pedrs gq, lQsn
jax dk /;ku djsaA /;ku ds lkFk Hkkouk djsa fd dzks/k ‘kkar gks jgk gSA vkosx vkSj vkos’k ‘kkar gks jgs gSaA le;% 3 ls 5 feuVA
dk;ksRlxZ&jkf= esa lksus ls igys ;ksx& funzk dk ladYi djsaA ‘kjhj dks f’kfFky djds ‘kkafr dh Hkkouk ds lkFk funzk esa tk;saA le; % 3 ls 5 feuVA
vuqizs{kk&[kspjh eqnzk esa ¼ftg~ok dks myV dj rkyw ls yxkuk½ n’kZu dsUnz ij fpRr dks ,dkxz djds efLr”d dks lq>ko nsa fd eSa gj ifjfLFkfr esa lgu’khy jgwaxkA ¼le;% 5 feuV½
vgadkj
vgadkj dzks/k dk tUenkrk gSA ;g ,d ,slk Hkko gS tks lekt esa fo”kerk vkSj foxzg QSykrk gSA vius dks Åapk le>us dh xzafFk ds dkj.k vgadkj iSnk gksrk gSA vgadkj ds dkj.k O;fDrRo dk fodkl fo”kerk QSykus okyk gks tkrk gS rFkk blls lekt :X.k curk gSA
vgadkj dh voLFkk
vgadkj dh voLFkk esa O;fDr vius lEeq[k lHkh dks NksVk le>rk gSaA b;ksfQd Hkko dh vfHkO;fDr djrk gS vkSj vgadkj dk izHkqRo nwljksa ij u teus dh voLFkk esa og O;fDr ,d vgadkjh O;fDr dzks/k dh vfHkO;fDr djrk gSA
vgadkj dk nq”izHkko
vgadkj ds dkj.k dzks/k dh mRifRr gksus ls dzks/k tfur lHkh nq”izHkko ‘kjhj ij iM+rs gSaA
tks vgadkjh dh lRrk dks ugha ekurk muesa vkil esa gh Vdjko gksrk gS vkSj fgalk QSyrh gSA
vgadkjh O;fDr viuh vkKk nwljksa ij Fkksiuk pkgrk gSA lkearksa vkSj lezkVksa ds vge~ ds dkj.k gh yksdra= dk mn; gqvk ftlesa turk ij ‘kklu turk ds }kjk vkSj turk ds fy, fl)kar fu:fir gqvkA
xqyke cukus dh izFkk vktdy mB pqdh gS fdUrq og Hkh dqN yksxksa ds vgadkj dk gh ifj.kke gSA
vgadkj dk ifj.kke-
ekufld vkSj ‘kkjhfjd izrkM+uk Hkh vgadkj dk gh ifj.kke gSA
vkt tks oxZ Hksn] jax Hksn] tkfr Hksn] fyax Hksn] fodflr ns’k vkSj fodkl’khy ns’kksa ds chp HksnHkko py jgk gS] mldk dkj.k vgadkj gh gS vkSj mlh ds pyrs vkilh la?k”kZ Hkh rhoz gks jgs gSaA
;q)ksa vkSj egk;q)ksa dk dkj.k Hkh ‘kkld oxZ dk vgadkj gh gSA fcuk vgadkj ds dksbZ fdlh ij vkdze.k ugha dj ldrk vkSj u gh dksbZ fdlh dk vfrdze.k dj ldrk gSA
vgadkj ds dkj.kksa dk fuokj.k
la;fer Hkkstu djsaA elkyksa dk vf/kd mi;ksx ugha djsaA Hkkstu] ?kj vkSj os’k&Hkw”kk rhuksa esa lknxh j[ksa ftlls nwljksa esa ghu Hkko iSnk u gksA
n`f”V™dks.k cnysaA ,d NksBk lk v.kqozr /kkj.k djsa fd eSa fdlh tkfr] oxZ] fyax ;k jax dh otg ls ghu ;k mPp ugha le>waxk@le>waxhA
eS=h&Hkko ds fodkl ds fy, eS=h dh vuqizs{kkA le; 5 feuV
oanuklu vkSj ‘k”kkadklu dk iz;ksxA le; 5 feuVA
Hkk”kk dh fouezrk j[ksaA cksyh ls fdlh dk Hkh frjLdkj ugha djsaA
ekSu iz;ksx&T;ksfr dsUnz ;k yykV ds e/; esa pedrs gq, ‘osr jax dk /;kuA /;ku ds lkFk Hkkouk djsa fd vgadkj {kh.k gks jgk gSA vkosx vkSj vkos’k ‘kkar gks jgs gSaA le; 3 ls 5 feuVA
dk;ksRlxZ& dk;ksRlxZ&jkf= esa lksus ls igys dk;ksRlxZ esa ‘kjhj dks fLFkj] f’kfFky vkSj ruko eqDr
djsaA lc izkf.k;ksa ds izfr eS=h dh Hkkouk j[ksaA le; 5 feuVA
ftu eqnzkvksa ls vgadkj >ydrk gS] mu eqnzkvksa dk ifjR;kx djsaA tSlh eqnzk gksxh] oSls gh Hkko gksaxsA tSls Hkko gksaxs oSlh gh eqnzk cuus yxsxhA vr% ltx jgsa tc Hkh vgadkj eqnzk izdV gks mlds LFkkukUrj.k ds fy, fou; eqnzk dk iz;ksx ‘kq: dj nsaA
vgadkjh O;fDr dh bPNk,a vlhe gksdj r`”.kk dk :i /kkj.k dj ysrh gSA mudh iwfrZ ds fy, vgadkjh O;fDr gj rjg ls vizkekf.kd dk;Z djus yx tkrk gSA r`”.kk vkSj Ny&iziap ls rHkh cpk tk ldrk gSA tc vgadkj vkSj dzks/k dk dkQh gn rd ‘keu dj fn;k tk,A vU;Fkk r`”.kk vkSj Ny&iziap vkxs py dj ruko esa ifj.khr gks tkrs gSaA
vkRe vfHkeku-
vgadkj dk cM+k vkSj fcxM+k :i vkRe vfHkekuh] vkRe LokFkhZ vFkok vgadkjh] vkRexfoZr eglwl djus yxrk gS vkSj mldks vius vfrfjDr dksbZ Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk og O;fDr flQZ vius vkRe vfHkeku ls gh f?kjk jgrk gS mldks dqN Hkh lalkj esa vius lEeq[k dksbZ Hkh ugha fn[krk dsoy vfHkeku dk inkZ gh mlds mij p<+k jgrk gSA
rukoeqfDr
’kjhj ls tc {kerk ls vf/kd dke fy;k tkrk gS] rc ruko iSnk gksrk gSaA vR;f/kd Le`fr;ksa] fpUru vkSj dYiukvksa ds dkj.k efLr”d rukoxzLr jgrk gSA vR;f/kd vgadkj] dzks/k] r”.kk vkSj Ny ds dkj.k O;fDr dk Hkko ra= rukoxzLr gks tkrk gSA ruko ds dkj.k O;fDr ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj HkkoukRed :i ls leL;kvksa ls xzLr gks tkrk gSA leL;kvksa ds dkj.kksa dks [kkstdj mudk funku djuk vko’;d gks tkrk gSA
ruko ds y{k.k
’kkjhfjd&1- rukoxzLr ekalisf’k;ka 2- vO;ofLFkr ‘okl 3- eqag lw[kuk
4- gFksfy;kWa ij ilhuk vkuk 5- gkFk&iSj B.Ms gksuk 6- gkFkksa esa dEiu 7- ckj&ckj is’kkc vkuk 8- ikpu fdz;k fcxM+ dj nLr yxuk] 9-’kkjhfjd fljnnZ] ekWalisf’k;ksa esa ,saBu] Fkdku] QfVd] peZjksx] lkWal dk QwyukA
O;ogkfjd&1- u’ks dh vknr] flxjsV dh vknr 2-vLr&O;Lr thou&’kSyh 3- lkekftdrk dk vHkko 4-rukoxzLr eqnzk,a rSls nkarksa ls uk[kwu dkVuk, 5- thou esa ckj&ckj nq?kZVukvksa dk dk gksuk] 6-thoulkFkh ds lkFk vPNs laca/kksa dk u gksuk] 7- uhan dk u vkuk] 8- Fkdku gksrs gq, Hkh u lksukA
Ekufld&fpark,Wa] O;kdqyrk ds lkFk fpark djuk] xyr fu.kZ; ysuk ;k fu.kZ;kRed ‘kfDr dk vHkkoA tYnckt gksdj fu.kZ; ysuk] nq%LoIuA
HkkoukRed&fpM+fpM+kiu 2-vkdzkerk 3-fpUrk 4-fujk’kk 5-vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk 6-vfunzk 7- nq%LoIu 8-eu% fLFkfr ckj&ckj cnyuk 9-jksuk&fpYykuk 10- dzks/k 11-Hkwy tkuk 12- jpukRedrk dk vHkko 13- vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk] 14- fuf”dz;rk 15- eukscy dk fxjuk] 16- mUeknA
ruko ds dqN vU; lzksr&fdlh ds }kjk xkyh nsuk] vius dkedkt ls [kq’k u gksuk] fdlh fiz;tu dh e`R;q gksuk] chekjh] thou esa ifjorZu] rykd’kqnk thanxh] ?kj dk ckj&ckj cnyuk] vius vki dks detksj eglwl djuk] vlQyrk dk Mj gksukA
ruko ls gksus okys jksx 1- mPp jDrpki
2- xSl¼ok;q fodkj½
3- Mk;fcVht ¼e/kqesg½
4- vfunzk
5- fpUrk
6- flj nnZ
7-tksM+ksa dk nnZ
8-nek
9-vYlj
ruko eqfDr ds mik; ‘kq) ok;q ds okrkoj.k esa Hkze.k djuk ¼2&3 fdeh-½
vkgkj foosd&pchZ jfgr nw/k] lykn] rkts Qy] rkth lfCt;kWa] lkfRod HkkstuA
fuf”k) vkgkj&ued] phuh] ‘kjkc] ekWal] v.Ms] vf/kd rsy ;qDr Hkkstu] ?kh] jktfld o rkefld HkkstuA
vklu izk.kk;ke&;kSfxd fdz;k,Wa] b”V oanu ¼lw;Z ueLdkj½] rkM+klu] rkn~gLrklu] otzklu] ‘ka’kdklu] v)ZeRL;sUnzklu] if’peksRrkuklu] Hkqtaxklu] ‘kyHkklu] mRrkuiknklu] ioueqDrklu] ukM+h’kks/ku izk.kk;ke ¼le; 20 feuV½
izs{kk/;ku ----- dk;ksRlxZ&ysVdj iwjs ‘kjhj dh f’kfFkyrk dk vH;klA ¼le; 2 feuV½
izs{kk/;ku&egkizk.k /ofu] nh?kZ’okl izs{kk] T;ksfr dsUnz izs{kkA ¼le; 20 feuV½
vuqizs{kk&ruko ds dkj.kksa esa feF;k nh?kZdks.k] vlhe ykylk] papyrk] laosxksa ij vfu;a=.k vkfn Hkh dkj.k gSa vr% lE;d~ n`f”Vdks.k] larks”k] lfg”.kqrk] /kS;Z vkfkn dh vuqizs{kk djkdj ruo ds dkj.kksa dks feVk ldrs gSa vkSj mudh txg fo/kk;d Hkkoksa dh izfr”Bk dj ldrs gSaA
Lok/;k;&n`f”Vdks.k dks cnyus esa lr~ lkfgR; dk Lok/;k; Hkh cgqr mi;ksxh gSA
dk;Z {kerk dk fodkl
O;fDrRo ds lE;d~ fodkl ds fy, tgka fu”ks/kkRed Hkko tSls&dzks/k] Nyuk] vgadkj] vfr yksHk vkfn dks lhfer djuk vko’;d gSa ogka O;fDr dks dk;Z djrs le; ruko xzLr Hkh ugha gksuk pkfg,A vius y{; dh izkfIr ds fy, dk;Z {kerk dk fodkl Hkh mruk gh vko’;d gSA dk;Z djus dh {kerk izkIr djus ds fy, fuEu lw= t:jh gS&
dk;Z dh lhek bl rjg fu/kkZfjr dh tk, fd ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj HkkoukRed :i ls LoLFk jgrs gq, vkuUn iwoZd dk;Z fd;k tk ldsA
dk;Z dks ;kstukiwoZd vkSj le;c) fd;k tk,A
fof’k”V dk;ksZa dks izkFkfedrk nh tk,A
dke djrs le; euks;ksx iwoZd dk;Z fd;k tk,A lko/kkuh gVus ij dk;Z fcxM+ Hkh ldrk gSA
dk;Z ds izfr fu”Bk vkSj leiZ.k dk Hkko txk,WaA
dk;Z dk fu.kZ; ykHk&gkfu ij fopkj dj fpUruiwoZd djsaA
Dk;Z{kerk ds fodkl ds fy, ;g Hkh t:jh gS fd xfr dk gksukA dk;Z ds fuiVkjs ds fy, lgh xfr dk gksukA i;kZIr Lej.k ‘kfDr dk gksuk vkSj lkFk gh lkFk tkx:drk dk gksuk
In conclusion to improve work efficiency it is necessary these following factors:-
Following factors:
1. Planning
2. Logic & reasoning
3. Comprehension
4. Visual processing
5. Auditory processing which should be associated with long term attention/memory followed by active processing system which can b e accompalished only by the speed working memory and attention.
O;fDrRo fodkl ds fy, Lej.k ‘kfDr dk fodflr gksuk t:jh gS
,sls O;fDrRo dk fodkl djuk ftlesa dzks/k] vgadkj] Nyuk] vkSj yksHk tSls fu”ks/kkRed Hkko dkQh de gksa] lerkewyrd] LoLFk lekt jpuk ds fy, vfr vko’;d gSaA ,sls O;fDr gh viuh ladh.kZ lhek ls Åij mBdj lekt] ns’k vkSj fo’o Lrj ij viuh lsok,a ns ldrs gSaA ,sls O;fDr;ksa dh Le`fr ftruh vPNh gksxh mruh gh Kku xzg.k djus dh {kerk c<+ tk,xhA ftruk Kku gksxk] mlh ds vk/kkj ij Hkfo”; dh ;kstuk,Wa cusxh vkSj mudk fdz;kUou gksxkA
Lej.k ‘kfDr ean gksus ds dkj.k
‘kjhj esa dQ dk vkf/kD; vkSj ey dk vojks/k
jh< dh gM~Mh dks >qdj dj cSBus dh vknrA
funzk ,oa vkyL; dk ckgqY;A
fpRr Lok/;k; esa ugha yxukA
Vh-ch- vkfn euksjatu ds fofo/k lk/kuksa ds izfr vkd”kZ.k o vf/kd le; nsukA
efLr”dh; fod`fr ;k efLr”d dk lhfer fodkl] tx:drk efLr”d dk vR;ar de gksukA
fu”ks/kkRed n`f”Vdks.k cu tkuk fd eq>s ;kn ugha jgrkA
Le`fr esa Mkys x, fo”k;ksa dks ugha nksgjkukA
vkuqokaf’kdrk ds dkj.k efLr”d dk vfodflr ;k vYi fodflr jgukA
vgadkj] dzks/k] Hk;] fpUrk] ruko vkSj mrkoysiu ls xzLr gksukA
Lej.k ‘kfDr c<+kus ds O;kogkfjd mik;
‘kjhj dh dQ izd`fr ij fu;a=.k j[kuk RkFkk mls c<+us ugha nsukA
ges’kk jh<+ dh gM~Mh dks lh/kk j[kdj cSBuk] ftlls efLr”d dh bMk] fiaxyk vkSj lq”kqEuk ukfM+;ka lnk LoLFk cuh jgsaA
i<+us vkSj Lok/;k; ds izfr :fp ,oa tkx:drk iSnk djukA
Le`frxr fo”k;ksa dks ckj&ckj nksgjkukA lerqY; O;fDrRo okyksa ds lkFk ppkZ djrs djrs jgukA
i<+us ds ckn vko’;d fo”k;ksa dks fcUnq ds :i esa Le`frxr djukA
ok.kh la;e dk vH;kl djuk rkfd efLr”dh; ÅtkZ dk O;FkZ gh O;; u gksA
fo/kk;d Hkko j[kuk tSls esjh Le`fr vPNh gSA
viuk y{; fu/kkZfjr djds mlesa :fp ysuk vkSj O;FkZ dh ckrksa esa le; cckZn ugha djukA le; dk izca/ku djukA
n`<+ ladYi gks rks vkuqoaf’kdrk dks Hkh dqN gn rd cnyk tk ldrk gSA
vgadkj] dzks/k] Hk;] fpUrk] ruko vkSj mrkoysiu vkfn ls eqfDr ikus dk mik; djukA
Lej.k ‘kfDr c<+kus dh izk;ksfxd fof/k;k
cSBus dh fof/k% jh<+ dh gM~Mh lh/kh j[kdj cSBsaA ftl vklu esa Hkh
lqfo/kkiwoZd cSB ldsa] mlh vklu esa cSBsaA
Kku&eqnzk% nksuksa gkFkksa dh rtZuh vkSj vaxwBsa ds iksjksa dks feykdj bl izdkj ?kqVus ij j[ksa fd gFksyh dk fupyk Hkkx ?kqVus ij jgsA
egkizk.k /ofu% lksus ls iwoZ] lksdj mBus ds rqjar ckn ,oa i<+us ls iwoZ rhuksa le; ukS&ukS ckj egkizk.k /ofu dk vH;kl djsaA
vklu& ;ksxeqnzk] lokZaxklu ,oa ‘k’kadklu dk fu;fer vH;kl djsaaA le;% izkr% 10 feuV [kkyh isV
izs{kk/;ku ----- /;ku% Kku dsUnz ¼pksVh dk LFkku½ ij lw;Zeq[kh ds Qwy dh Hkkafr pedrs
gq, ihys jax dk /;ku djsaA
Hkkouk% jkr dks lksrs le; ‘kjhj dks f’kfFky djds Hkkouk djsa&esjh Lej.k ‘kfDr c<+ jgh gSA efLr”d esa U;wjksu lfdz; vkSj nh?kZthoh gks jgs gSaA
cU/k% tkya/kj ca/k yxkdj duifV;ksa ij ihys jax dk /;ku djsaA le; 3 feuV
ti% ^.keks .kk.kL;* *eSa Kku dks ueLdkj djrk gaw* dk lksrs le; ti djsA ¼le; 5 feuV½
y{; izkfIr gsrq fo’ks”k iz;ksx
gekjs efLr”d ds nks xksyk)Z gksrs gSA nk;ka xksyk)Z vkSj ck;ka xksyk)ZA efLr”d dk ck;ka Hkkx rkfdZd {kerk] fo’ys”k.k rFkk Hkk’kk ,oa xf.krh; {kerk vkfn ij fu;a=.k j[krk gSA efLr”d dk nk;ka Hkkx l`tu’khyrk] vk/;kfRedrk] igpku] dSfj;j fodkl] dYiuk’kfDr ,oa iwokZHkkl ij fu;a=.k j[krk gSA thou foKku] izs{kk/;ku }kjk u, dSfj;j dh laHkkoukvksa dk fuekZ.k djus esa lg;ksx feyrk gSA thou foKku] izs{kk ds fofHkUu iz;ksxksa ds fujarj] vH;kl ls vkRefo’okl esa o`f)] ekufld ,dkxzrk dk fodkl] thou ‘kfDr dk fodkl] xzkg~;rk] Lej.k’kfDr ,oa ckSf)d {kerk ds fodkl ls y{; izkfIr esa lg;ksx feyrk gSA
oSKkfud vk/kkj
psru efLr”d ,d dEI;wVj dh rjg dk;Z dj viuh nSfud fdz;k,a iwjh
djrk gSa ysfdu gekjk vopsru efLr”D gesa og ‘kfDr iznku djrk gS] ftlls ges ,d lEiw.kZ ,oa vFkZiw.kZ thou thus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA vr% tc y{; izkfIr] dk;Z izn’kZu vkSj egRodka{kkvksa dks iw.kZ djus dh ckjh vkrh gS rc vopsru efLr”d foy{k.k :i ls dk;Z djrk gSA
oSKkfud n`f”V ls gekjk efLr”d ,oa fo|qrh;&jlk;u ;a= gS ftlls fof’k”V fo|qr rjaxsa vkSj jlk;u curs gSA rjaxs EEG e’khu ls 4 izdkj dh ekuh xbZ gSA
rjaxs 14&28 vko`fr&mRrstuk dh fLFkfrA
rjaxs 7&14 vko`fr&/;ku dh lq[kn voLFkkA
rjaxs 4&7 vko`fr&xgjh uhan dh fLFkfrA
rjaxs 0-5 &4-5& U;wure psruk LrjA
rjaxksa dh ‘kfDr eqnzkvksa oksYV bdkbZ esa] lk/kkj.k voLFkk esa 15 /;ku voLFkk esa 30&40 vkSj ;ksxh dh /;ku voLFkk esa 100 rd ukih tk pqdh gSA izs{kk/;ku ,oa vuqizs{kkvksa ds vH;kl }kjk vopsru efLr”d ls vf/kdkf/kd ykHk izkIr djus gsrq mlesa ,d ubZ ‘kfDr dk lapj.k gksrk gSA
METHODS TO ACHIVE THE GOAL:-
First step is identifying the problems.
Second, is evasion- means to visualize the probable factors by which the goal can be achieved.
Third, one is strategy- it is a step through which the manner the goal can be achieved the plain is made for achieving the goal.
Fourth, Execution means to carry or to perform the work.
y{; izkfIr ds pkj pj.k
vfHkizsj.k&ldkjkRed n`f”Vdks.k] izcy bPNk ls bPNk ‘kfDr dk fodkl dj vkRe
fo’okl c<+kukA
,dkxzrk&eu dh ,dkxzrk dks c<+kus ds fy,&’okl izs{kk dk vH;klA
f’kfFkyhdj.k& ekufld rjaxksa dh vko`fr 7 ls 14 pdz izfr lSds.M rd j[kus ,oa vopsru eu ls lh/ks laidZ esa jgus gsrq iw.kZ f’kfFkyhdj.k vko’;d gSA
n`f”Vcks/k& dYiuk ,oa n`f”Vcks/k ds yxkrkj fu;fer vH;kl }kjk ge vopsru efLr”d dh ;ksX;rk dk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSa blesa ges vR;f/kd ekufld ‘kfDr o ;ksX;rk izkIr gksxhA thou foKku] izs{kk/;ku }kjk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ,dkxzrk dh ‘kfDr ds fodkl gsrq izsfjr gksdj efLr”d rjax dks vYQk Lrj rd igqapk ldrk gSA rc gekjk y{; n`f”Vcks/k ls Li”V gks tk;sxk rc mls izkIr djus ds fy, isz{kk/;ku }kjk vko’;d ÅtkZ izkIr dj ldsaxsA
izs{kk/;ku ----- n`f”Vcks/k&izs{kk/;ku }kjk&lq[kklu] Kku eqnzk ,oa 9 ckj egkizk.k
/ofu dk xqatuA
n`f”Vcks/k dk;ksRlxZ }kjk&’kjhj dks fLFkj] f’kfFky ,oa rukoeqDr djsaA jh<+ o xnZu dks lh/kk lejs[kk esa j[ksa--------A dksbZ vdM+u u gksA ekalisf’k;ksa dks <+hyk NksM+sa] ‘kjhj dh idM+ dks NksM+sa------------ vkSj <+hyk NksM+ nsaA vius pkjksa vksj pedrs gq, lQsn jax dk ‘okl ysa] ‘okl NksM+sa--------------A
fuEu ‘kCnkoyh dk 3 ckj mPpkj.k djsa ,oa 3 ckj ekufld tki djsa&
^^ esjk vkRefo’okl tkx`r gks jgk gSA
^^eSa Hk;eqDr gks jgk gwWaA
^^eSa /kS;Zoku cu jgk gwWaA
^^esjh ekufld ,dkxzrk dk fodkl gks jgk gS**
^^eSa ladYi djrk gwWa fd eS fuf’pr gh vius y{; dks izkir d:axk-----------**A
vuqfparu djsa
esjk vkRefo’okl tkx`r gks x;k gS------eSa Hk;eqDr gks x;k gwWa----------eSa /kS;Zoku cu x;k gwWaw------------esjh ekufld ,dkxzrk dk fodkl gks x;k gS---------------------] vc eS fuf’pr gh vius y{; dks izkIr djus esa lQy gksmWaxk-----------A egkizk.k /ofu dk rhu ckj xaaqtu djrs gq, iz;ksx lEiUu djsaA