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Data on nesting sites and dietcomposition
By: Renzo P. Piana MSc.
The Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) in theInfierno Native Community
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I. The study area
The project was conducted in the Infierno Native
Community (INC).
Province of Tambopata, department of Madre deDios, southeastern Per. (see map).
The area is adjacent to the recently created
Tambopata National Reserve.
The INC is situated 20 km south of Puerto
Maldonado.
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Characteristics of the study area
Position (1243 S; 6913 W). Altitude 330 masl.
Communal owned territory (private land).
Life Zone: Sub Tropical Humid forest (ONERN 1976;Holdridge 1978).
Temperature: 25 C (although temperature candrop to 10 C between June and July).
Precipitation: Two seasons
Dry season: 500 mm (April-Sept.)Wet season: 2000 mm (Oct.- March)
SENAMHI 2000.
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Position of nests were obtained with GPS (Magellan
Trailblazer and Garmin III+).Observations of forest types and evidence of human
impacts were assessed.
Distances between nesting sites were obtained with the
aid of GPS.
Prey remains were collected at the base of the nestingtrees, at the base of feeding perches and inside
abandoned nests.
Datacollected
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Results
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Nest Tree species DBH (cm) Nest height (m) Observations
Miguel Bertholletia excelsa 156 27 Brazil nut stand. Low impact.
Escuela I Dipterix micrantha 140 24 Brazil nut stand. High impact.
Escuela II Bertholletia excelsa 124 21 Brazil nut stand. High impact.Gallito Dipterix micrantha 126 26 Low terrace. High impact.
Marcelo Bertholletia excelsa 138 25 Brazil nut stand. Medium impact.
Carrazco Bertholletia excelsa 149 24 Brazil nut stand. Low impact.
Average 138 24.5
Table 1: Harpy Eagles nests found in the INC
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Nests architecture and position on tree
crown Miguel nest was
located on a deadbrazil nut tree.
Very low impact ofextractive activities.
At least one chickfledged from thisnest.
Nest on mainramification of treecrown.
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Nests architecture and position on tree
crown
Escuela I nest was
locates two km away
from the center of the
INC. High impact of
extractive activities.
Two consecutive chicks
died before fledging. The adults abandoned
the nest.
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Prey remains analysis
In total 112 prey remainsamples were collected
90% of the samples were inthe form of casts.
80 (71%) prey remains wereidentified.
Nails, hairs, maxillae,
jawbones, teeth, craniumfragments, beaks and featherswere easily identified.
Didelphismarsupialis2Choloepushoffmanni14
Bradypusvariegatus11
Tamanduatetradactyla9
Cabassousunicinctus*1
Alouataseniculus2
Aotussp.*1Cebusapella1
Nasuanasua6
Eirabarbara1
Potusflavus12
Coendoubicolor15
Amazonasp2Ramphastoscuvieri*1
Ramphastosculminatus*1
Unknownbirdspecies1
Total80
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Fig 2: Percentage) of identified prey remains
consumed by Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja) in the INC
(n=80).
2.50%
18.75%17.50%
13.75%
11.25%
1.25%
7.50%
1.25%
15%
2.50%1.25%1.25%
2.50%1.25%1.25%1.25%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
Didelph
isma
rsupialis
Coen
doubi
color
Cholo
epus
hoffm
anni
Brad
ypus
varieg
atus
Tama
ndua
tetrada
ctyla
Caba
ssou
sunicin
ctus
Nasu
anas
ua
Eirabar
bara
Potusfl
avus
Alou
atasenic
ulus
Aotussp
.
Cebusa
pella
Amazon
asp
.
Rampha
stoscu
vierii
Rampha
stos
culmin
atus
Unkn
ownbir
dspe
cies
Prey species
Ammountofidentified
preyremains(%).
Coendou bicolor
Choloepus hoffmanni
Bradypus variegatus
Tamandua tetradactyla
Nasua nasua
Potus flavus
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Fig 3: Day activity status (diurnal, nocturnal or both) of
preys consumed by the Harpy Eagle in the INC. Based onthe analysis of identified prey remains (n=80) after Emmons 1990.
18%
57%
25%
Diurnal (birds, {Cebus& Alouatta}, Nasua,Eira).
Nocturnal (Didelphis,Choloepus,Cabassous, Aotus,Potus, Coendou )
Both (Tamandua,Bradypus).
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Fig 4: Canopy level (arboreal, terrestrial or both) of
species consumed by the Harpy Eagle in the INC. Based onthe analysis of identified prey remains (n=79) after Emmons 1990.
15%
70%
15%
Terrestrial(Cabassous,
Nasua).
Arboreal (Coendou,sloths, primates,Potus, birds).
Both (Tamandua,Didelphis, Eira).
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Conclusions
-On nesting trees- From June 1996 to May 2001, six active Harpy
Eagles nests were found in the INC.
Four of these nests were on Brazil nut(Bertholletia excelsa) trees. The remaning twowere on Shihuahuaco (Dipterix micrantha) trees.
The average DBH of nesting trees used by harpies
in the INC was 138 cm. The average height were the nests where located
was 24.5 m.
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Conclusions-on nesting areas-
The average distance between breeding sites (n=3)
was 7,4 km. The average breeding area for a pair
of Harpy Eagles in the INC was estimated in 4300
ha.
Of the five nests found, four where located in
areas where Brazil nut collection is performed.
Human activities such as Brazil nut collection andpalm leaves collection have no impact on harpies
nesting activities.
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Conclusions
-on prey remains analysis- 112 prey remains were collected on four nesting
sites. Of these, 80 (71%) were identified.
At least 15 species (mammals & birds) were
predated by the Harpy Eagles in the INC. 67 (84%) of the identified remains belonged to 6
mammal spp.
Of these 6 mammal spp. Bicolor-spined porcupine
(C. bicolor) was the most abundant prey, makingup to 19% of the identified remains.
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Conclusions
-on prey remains analysis- Sloths (two-toed and three toed) were the most
abundant group of mammals consumed by
Harpies, making up to 31% of the prey remains
that were identified.
57% (46) of the prey remains that were identified
belonged to nocturnal mammals.
70% (56) of the prey remains that were identifiedbelonged to arboreal mammal.
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