REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS
Human Ruminant Equine
Stomach 30% 70% 9-10%
Sm. Intestine
33% 19% 30%
Cecum 7% 3% 16%
Lg. Intestine
30% 7% 45%
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSComparación digestiva
Volatile Fatty AcidsGlucose
Fatty Acids
Fat
Glycogen
Digestible Carbohydrate
Fermentable Fiber
Stomach Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Fat
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDigestión
• Maintenance - basic requirements of life
• Growth - youngest has highest requirements
• Gestation - last three months• Lactation - first three months• Work - depends on activity
– light, moderate, intense • Geriatric
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCategorías digestivas
• Essential for all body functions
• Temperature regulation• Feed digestion• Amount of water intake
– Level of exercise– Ambient temperature– Quality of feeds in ration– Proportion of diet that is
forage• Minimum 1 gallon/100 lbs
BW/day
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDieta balanceada - Agua
• Forage• Concentrate – Grain• Supplements
• Size: body weight• Environment• Individual digestive &
metabolic efficiency • Dry matter intake: 1.5%
of the BW • Most - energy
requirements are met with forage alone
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSMantenimiento
Muscle GlycogenBlood Glucose
Anaerobic Glycolysis
OxidativeMetabolism
Pyruvate Lactate
ATP
Free-Fatty Acids
CreatinePhosphate
Myokinaseand CPKReactions
CO2and Water
Lipolysis
Oxygen
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuente de energía para el desempeño
• Light - western and English pleasure, trail riding, equitation, hacking
• Moderate - dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting, barrel racing, jumping
• Intense - race training, polo, cutting,
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSNiveles de desempeño
Activity Examples DE (Mcal/d)
Maintenance Pasture 16
Light work Pleasure riding 20
Moderate work Reining, jumping 24
Intense work Racing, endurance 32
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSEnergía requerida
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSTabla de recomendación
• First figure roughage requirement (1-2% of body weight) ex. 0.0175 x 1100 lbs. = 19.25 lbs.
• Then figure D.E., C.P., Ca. and P provided by this amount of hay
• Next figure how much concentrate to feed based on D.E. deficit remaining
• Double check- does it make sense?
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una ración
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una ración
• http://nrc88.nas.edu/nrh/
CABALLOS ADULTOS:P.V. (kg) = 4.3*P.T. (cm) + 3*A.C. (cm) – 785
CABALLOS DE MENOS DE CUATRO AÑOS:P.V. (kg) = 4.5*P.T. (cm) – 370
P.V. = peso vivoP.T. = perímetro torácicoA.C. = alzada de la cruz
Fuente = I.N.R.A. (Francia)
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo del peso corporal
• Hydrolysable CHO– Sugars & starches– Create ↓ intestinal pH & risk of
colic• Fermentable CHO
– Beet pulp or soy hulls– ↓ glycogen usage
• Fat– 3X the energy concentration of CHO– Creates higher energy feed
• Protein (minimal usage)
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuentes de Energía
Why Use It For Performance Horses? Energy from fat is 90%
utilizable Fat ↓ heat of fermentation Fat glycogen storage
prior to race Fat ↓ buildup of lactic acid
during intense exercise Fat ↓ fatigue
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementacion de grasa
Natural horse diets contain < 3-4% fat “High Fat” sweet feeds contain
6-10% fat Fat Supplements
Vegetable Oil (most common 99% fat)
Rice Bran (very palatable 20% fat)
Animal tallow (not palatable)
• No gall bladder– Max ~20% in total diet– 1100 lb horse can digest
17.5 oz of fat (Just over 2 cups)
• If adding fat to existing diet, need to rebalance other nutrients– (i.e. vitamin E (200 IU/cup
of added oil)• Add 6-10 weeks before
performance.
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementación de grasa
• Hay requirement– Feed at least 50% of total ration as
forage (pasture &/or hay)– Preferably high quality grass hay or
alfalfa/grass mix• Exercising horses do not need high levels of
protein– More important – quality of protein
• Horses should be fed to meet their immediate needs
– I.e. cut grain on rest days• If stalled, overfeeding can
stocking up or colic
• Goals– Maximize genetic
potential for growth– Sound musculos keletal
system
•Nutrient balance is importantNutrient balance is important•Requires higher quality feedsRequires higher quality feeds•Growth rate & age determines requirementsGrowth rate & age determines requirements•Growing till reach 30 monthsGrowing till reach 30 months
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCrecimiento
• Provision of nutrients for:– Fetal growth & development
• Other products of conception
Foal10%
Other5%
85%
•Last 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals’ weightLast 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals’ weight•Mare needs to gain 0.3 – 0.8 lb/dMare needs to gain 0.3 – 0.8 lb/d
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGestación: potro
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
15 30 45 60 90 120 150
Time (days)
Dai
ly M
ilk P
rod
uct
ion
(lb
s)
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSProducción de leche
Mare status Forage Concentrate Total
Early pregnancy 1.5-2.0 0-0.5 1.5-2.0
Late pregnancy 1.0-1.5 0.5-1.0 1.5-2.0
Early lactation 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0
Late lactation 1.0-2.0 0.5-1.5 2.0-2.5
•Adding concentrate to late pregnancy mares accounts for limited energy & acclimates microbes•Allow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changesAllow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changes
•Heavy milkers may require as much as 1.75-2.0% of BW in concentrate feed/day
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSYegua: Consumo de alimento (como % del peso vivo)
Fiber digestion decreasesAbility to manufacture or absorb certain vitamins decrease
B vitaminsVitamin C
Decreased kidney functionCalcium stones may build up
Decreased liver functionJaundice, weight loss, lethargy, loss of appetite, intolerance for fat and protein in diet
REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGeriátricos