f - UNIDAD 6 - EMG EEG

8/18/2019 f - UNIDAD 6 - EMG EEG

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UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA NACIONALFACULTAD REGIONAL ROSARIO

DEPARTAMENTO INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA

UNIDAD TEMÁTICA Nº 6

Electromiografía - Electroencefalografía

Cátedra Electromedicina

Docentes:

Ing. Edgardo Marino

Ing. Juan José Salerno

Revisión 2010

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ElectromiografíaLa electr!"#ra$%a &EMG' e( )*a t+c*"ca ,)e -er!"te re#"(trar l( -te*c"ale(

."el+ctr"c( /e(arrlla/( e* l( !(c)l( e(tr"a/( 1l)*tar"( c! re(-)e(ta a )*e(t%!)l el+ctr"c ,)e le( lle#a a tra1+( /e l( *er1"( !tre(

E(te e(t%!)l -)e/e (er #e*era/ 1l)*tar"a!e*te -r el ()2et ."e* -r )*

electre(t"!)la/r *er1"(

1. ConsideracionesMúsculo:

El !(c)l c)!-le la $)*c"3* /e real"4ar )*a acc"3* !ec5*"ca re(-*/"e*/ a)* e(t%!)l *er1"( ) r!*al7 P)e/e c*("/erar(e al !(c)l c! )* tra*(/)ctr

-r,)e c*1"erte (e8ale( el+ctr"ca( e* !1"!"e*t !ec5*"c7Se -)e/e* cla("$"car a l( !(c)l( e* tre( #ra*/e( #r)-(9

a' M(c)l e(tr"a/: e(,)el+t"c 1l)*tar" .' M(c)l l"(: 1"(ceral "*1l)*tar"c' M(c)l car/%ac

a) Músculo estriado, esquelético o voluntario9 Se lla!a e(tr"a/ -ara acer re$ere*c"aa () e(tr)ct)ra !)(c)lar; e(,)el+t"c -r,)e ca(" ("e!-re (e "*(erta e* e(tr)ct)ra( /ele(,)elet < 1l)*tar" -r,)e -r l #e*eral &a)*,)e * ("e!-re' e(t5 .a2 el#."er* /el ("(te!a *er1"( (!5t"c= &("(te!a !tr'

b) Músculo liso, visceral o involuntario9 Se lla!a l"( -ara acer re$ere*c"a a ()e(tr)ct)ra !)(c)lar: 1"(ceral -r,)e (e e*c)e*tra e* la( 1%(cera( > e "*1l)*tar"

-r,)e acta ("* *ece("/a/ /e rec"."r 3r/e*e( /el ("(te!a (!5t"c

c) Músculo cardíaco: Fr!a -arte /el la e(tr)ct)ra /el cra43*

i!os de neuronas según su funci"n#euronas sensitivas &a$ere*te('9 c*/)ce* "!-)l(( /e(/e la -"el ) 3r#a* (e*("t"1ac"a la !+/)la e(-"*al < el cere.r7#euronas motoras &e$ere*te('9 Tra*(-rta* "!-)l(( ,)e (ale* /el cere.r < !+/)lae(-"*al ac"a l( !(c)l( < #l5*/)la(7

$nidad motora9 C*2)*t /e c+l)la( !)(c)lare( "*er1a/a( -r $"*a( /er"1ac"*e(

lla!a/a( *e)r$".r"lla(7

%. &m!ulso nervioso= Se lla!a S"(te!a Ner1"( S!5t"c &SNS' al ("(te!a $r!a/ -r *e)r*a( sensitivas ,)e lle1a*"*$r!ac"3* &-r e2e!-l: /lr' /e(/e l( rece-tre( (e*(r"ale( &/e l( (e*t"/(9 -"el: 2(: etc7' ? a(tael ("(te!a *er1"( ce*tral &SNC' < -r aones !otores ,)e c*/)ce* l( "!-)l(( a l( !(c)l(e(,)el+t"c(: -ara -er!"t"r !1"!"e*t(

> V%(cera9 E( )* 3r#a* c*te*"/ e* la( -r"*c"-ale( ca1"/a/e( /el c)er- )!a* < /e l( a*"!ale( &elt3ra@: el a./!e* < la -el1"('7 S* 1%(cera(: (.re t/ l( 3r#a*( /el a-arat re(-"ratr"


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La $)*c"3* /e la( *e)r*a( c*("(te e* c*/)c"r (e8ale( /e )*a -arte /el c)er-a tra !e/"a*te $e*3!e*( el+ctr"c( < ,)%!"c(7

C)a*/ )* "!-)l( 1"a2a a tra1+( /e )* 5@* &e@te*("3* /e la *e)r*a ? 1er F"# Nº =' la tra*(!"("3* caracter%(t"ca e( el+ctr"ca7 C)a*/ el "!-)l( e( tra*(!"t"/ /e )*a*e)r*a a tra a tra1+( /e )*a ("*a-("( &e* la 1e(%c)la ("*5-t"ca' la tra*(!"("3*

caracter%(t"ca e( t%-"ca!e*te ,)%!"caLa *e)r*a c*(ta /e )* c)er- cel)lar < 1ar"a( -rl*#ac"*e( e*tre la( ,)e (e/e(taca*9 el 5@* < la( /e*/r"ta('(on9 e@te*("3* /e la *e)r*a c)'7

M"e*tra( la tra*(!"("3* /e "!-)l(( *er1"(( e* la( $".ra( *er1"(a( e( )* -rce( el+ctr"c: la tra*(!"("3* e*tre la( *e)r*a( a tra1+( /e la )*"3* ("*5-t"ca e( )* -rce( ,)%!"c real"4a/ -r !e/" /e )*a r!*a ,)e lla!a!(: !e*(a2er(,)%!"c(7 La c+l)la ,)e e*1%a el !e*(a2e -r/)ce /"ca ()(ta*c"a ) r!*a

I*er1ac"3*9 D"(tr".)c"3* /e l( *er1"( e* )*a 4*a /el c)er-7B D"(te*("3*9 E(t"ra!"e*t e@a#era/ c* r)-t)ra /e la e(tr)ct)ra !)(c)lar7

>

>


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&acet"lcl"*a' e* () la/ /e la ("*a-("(: e*t*ce( e(ta r!*a atra1"e(a el e(-ac"("*5-t"c -ara acer c*tact c* la (e#)*/a c+l)la (ea la ,)e rec".e: e(t"!)l5*/la7El e$ect /e e(ta r!*a e( a)!e*tar la -er!ea."l"/a/ /e la !e!.ra*a cel)lar al -a(/e l( "*e( /e Na7

C)a*/ )*a $".ra *er1"(a e( e(t"!)la/a e* c)al,)"er -)*t (e #e*era )*

"!-)l( ,)e (e tra*(!"te e* a!.( (e*t"/(7 S"* e!.ar# la( tra*(!"("*e( a@3*"ca(

C! ca/a c+l)la !)(c)lar rec".e () "!-)l( /e(-lar"4a/r c* )*a -e,)e8a/"$ere*c"a /e t"e!- c* re(-ect a la( /e!5( &a(ta !(e#': el ()ce( el+ctr"c #l.alcrre(-*/"e*te a ca/a )*"/a/ !tra /)ra al# !5( ,)e el crre(-*/"e*te a ca/a $".ra!)(c)lar7 A/e!5( e* ca( /e ,)erer re#"(trar


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F"# Nº J Relac"3* e*tre el -te*c"al /e tra*(!e!.ra*a < la $)er4a /e(arrlla/a

*. +egistros electromiogrficos

F"# NºB? Re#"(tr( electr!"#r5$"c(7 E* a' -te*c"ale( /e )*"/a/e( !tra( *r!ale(&tr"$5("c < ."$5("c'; e* .' -te*c"ale( /e $".r"lac"3* /)ra*te la /e*er1ac"3*K ttal; e* c'

-te*c"al !ella/: -l"$5("c < /e -e,)e8a a!-l"t)/; e* /' -te*c"ale( ("!"lare( a l( /ela( )*"/a/e( !tra( -er !ella/( /e -e,)e8a a!-l"t)/ < e* e'-te*c"al #"#a*te /e la(

le("*e( cr3*"ca( /e l( #a*#l"( !tr"ce( /e la( a("ta( a*ter"re(7

K De*er1ac"3*9 Act"1"/a/ e(-*t5*ea e* re-( &/at ("e!-re -atl3#"c'

B

B


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. elocidad de conducci"n nerviosaLa c*/)cc"3* /el -te*c"al /e acc"3* a tra1+( /e l( a@*e( * e( "*(ta*t5*ea:

l ace a )*a 1elc"/a/ e*tre 0:> < =>0 !(e#7

C)a/r Nº= ? Cla("$"cac"3* /e la( $".ra( *er1"(a(

La /eter!"*ac"3* /e la 1elc"/a/ /e c*/)cc"3* /e )*a cla(e /e a@*e( ,)ec!-*e* )* *er1" (e real"4a a $"* /e 2)4#ar () e(ta/ e "*te#r"/a/7 Nr!al!e*te (ea-r1eca e(te !+t/ -ara /"a#*(t"car -atl#%a( ,)e a$ecta* la $)*c"3* !tra: -r l ta*t (" * (e e(-ec"$"ca tra c(a la 1elc"/a/ /e c*/)cc"3* *er1"(a ("#*"$"ca/eter!"*ar la 1elc"/a/ /e la -rc"3* !tra7

El !+t/ -ara allar la 1elc"/a/ /e c*/)cc"3* /e la -rc"3* !tra /e )**er1" c*("(te e* e(t"!)lar e(te e* )* -)*t < re#"(trar c* electr/( /e ()-er$"c"e la

-r"!era /e$le@"3* el+ctr"ca e* el !(c)l -r el "*er1a/7

F"# Nº7 Me/"c"3* /e la 1elc"/a/ /el *er1" c)."tal7 El c5t/ e!"(r (e a-l"ca

()ce("1a!e*te (.re A < 7 L( electr/( ca-ta/re( (e a-l"ca* (.re la e!"*e*c"a"-te*ar &!a*'7


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E* la -r5ct"ca el !+t/ -ara /eter!"*ar c* -rec"("3* la 1elc"/a/ /ec*/)cc"3* !tra t"e*e )*a l"#era !/"$"cac"3* ,)e c*("(te e* e(t"!)lar el *er1" e*/( -)*t( < l)e# /"1"/"r la /"(ta*c"a e*tre e(t( -r la /"$ere*c"a e*tre a!.(t"e!-( /e c*/)cc"3*7

E(te !+t/ t"e*e -r .2et el"!"*ar la "!-rec"("3* /er"1a/a /e9

• De!ra( ,)e c)rre* e* la( ra!a( ter!"*ale( -r la e@-)l("3* /e la acet"lcl"*a• F"2ac"3* /e e(ta ()(ta*c"a e* l( rece-tre( /e la( $".ra( !)(c)lare(• La #e*erac"3* /e l( -te*c"ale( e* la !a(a !)(c)lar • La 1elc"/a/ /e c*/)cc"3* /e e(t( -te*c"ale( a tra1+( /el te2"/ !)(c)lar < la -"el

a(ta lle#ar a l( electr/( &late*c"a re("/)al =: a >:H !(e#'La 1elc"/a/ /e c*/)cc"3* !tra /e )*"/a/e( *e)r!)(c)lare( *r!ale(

1ar%a e*tre < K0 !(e#: -r /e.a2 /e l( =0!(e# e( ("e!-re a*r!al7

/. elocidad de conducci"n sensorialE(ta /eter!"*ac"3* (e real"4a e(t"!)la*/ )*a ter!"*ac"3* (e*("t"1a <re#"(tra*/ l)e# e* )* !5( ("t"( (.re el *er1" crre(-*/"e*te: l( -te*c"ale( /eacc"3* ,)e 1"a2a* ac"a la !+/)la7 La !e/"c"3* e( /"recta


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0. artes constitutivas de un Electromi"grafo

F"# NºK

i) Electrodos5("ca!e*te e@"(te* /( cla(e(Su"er#iciales9• C! l( )t"l"4a/( e* ECG /e A# .a8a/( e* Clr)r /e A# & A#Cl'• De ()cc"3*9 ,)e c*("(te* e* )*a -e,)e8a (-a-a c* el electr/ /e A# ? A#Cl7

A!.( (e a-l"ca* c* )*a -a(ta electr3/"ca c* el $"* /e a)!e*tar la "*ter$a(e /ec*tact

Intratisulares

• T"- A#)2a9 c*("(te e* )*a a#)2a $"*a /e acer "*@"/a.le: rec)."erta c* e*1ltr"/e *


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F"# N H J a' electr/ /e ()cc"3*7 .' t"- ee# /e c*tact c' ac"c)lar ca@"l ("!-le/' ac"c)lar ca@"l /.le

i) ream!lificadores electr"dicosSe )t"l"4a* a $"* /e el"!"*ar -r c!-let la( "*ter$ere*c"a( ca-ta/a( -r l( ca.le( /ee*tra/a a(% c! la( /e."/a( a !1"!"e*t( /el ()2et7 Se $"2a* (.re la -"el 2)*t a l(electr/(7

ii) 2iltrosE( c*1e*"e*te /"(-*er /e )* c*2)*t /e $"ltr( -a("1( -r -a(( c* -)*t( e*tre =04 < =0 4 < a("!"(! )* c*2)*t /e $"ltr( -a("1( -a(aalt( c* -)*t( e*tre =0

4 < =0 47 E(te ("(te!a -er!"te /"1"/"r el e(-ectr /el EMG e* )*a #ra* ca*t"/a/ /e .a*/a(7 La tra -("."l"/a/ c*("(te e* clcar )* $"ltr( -a(aalt $"2 e* >0 4 ,)e -er!"te el"!"*ar la !a


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recta*#)lare( ,)e 1ar%e* e*tre 0 < =00 !A < 0:= a 0: !(e# /e /)rac"3*7

5. 3!licaci"n de la electromiografíaE(ta t+c*"ca t"e*e la( ("#)"e*te( a-l"cac"*e(

a' E(t)/"( "*e("l3#"c( .' D"a#*3(t"c(c' I*1e(t"#ac"3* cl%*"ca/' I*1e(t"#ac"3* .5("ca 4l3#"ca


11/16

ElectroencefalografíaLa Electre*ce$al#ra$%a e( el re#"(tr /e la act"1"/a/ el+ctr"ca cere.ral7C)a*/ el re#"(tr (e t!a !e/"a*te electr/( ()-er$"c"ale( &e-"/+r!"c(' el

tra4 .te*"/ (e lla!a Electre*ce$al#ra!a

C)a*/ (e t!a /"recta!e*te (.re el cere.r &/)ra*te la( cra*et!%a(' (e/e*!"*a Electrcrt"c#ra!a7

Q $"*al!e*te c)a*/ (e t!a !e/"a*te electr/( "*tracel)lare( -r$)*/( (e/e*!"*a E(tereelectre*ce$al#ra!a7

E* c)al,)"era /e l( ca(( (e )t"l"4a el !"(! (c"l(c-": elelectre*ce$al3#ra$: c!-)e(t -r electr/(: a!-l"$"ca/re( < )* ("(te!a "*(cr"-tr7

1. 3ctividad eléctrica cerebralLa act"1"/a/ ."el+ctr"ca cere.ral e( c*(ta*te /e(/e el e(ta/ e!.r"*ar" a(ta

la !)erte /el "*/"1"/)7La( *e)r*a( ,)e "*ter1"e*e* e* e(te -rce( -re(e*ta la c*$"#)rac"3* /e la F"#

Nº=: e( /ec"r c*(ta* /e tre( -arte( ."e* /e$"*"/a(9 /e*/r"ta(: c)er- cel)lar & (!a' <5@*7 La /"recc"3* /el "!-)l( el+ctr"c e( ca(" ("e!-re /e(/e la /e*/r"ta ac"a el 5@*:

-a(a*/ -r el (!a: e(t ,)"ere /ec"r ,)e la *e)r*a (e 1a act"1a*/: & (ea -a(a*/ /ela $a(e /e re-( a la /e /e(-lar"4ac"3*': c!e*4a*/ -r la( /e*/r"ta( < ter!"*a*/e* el e@tre! /el 5@*7

F"# N =

=0

=0


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%. is!osici"n de los electrodosEl electre*ce$al#ra!a a -r.a/ () a-t"t)/ -ara el /"a#*3(t"c /e

!)ca( a*!al%a( $)*c"*ale( < r#5*"ca( /el cere.r < -c e( l ,)e a#re#a* elelectrcrt"c#ra!a < el e(tereelectre*ce$al#ra!a e* e(te (e*t"/7 A/e!5( e(t(lt"!( -rce/"!"e*t( (* cr)e*t( < e* ca!." el electre*ce$al#ra!a e( )*

-rce/"!"e*t "*/lr #rac"a( al )( #e*eral"4a/ /e electr/( ()-er$"c"ale(7C! ("(te!a /e clcac"3* /e l( !"(!( (e a/-ta #e*eral!e*te elrec!e*/a/ -r la Fe/erac"3* I*ter*ac"*al /e Electre*ce$al#ra$"(ta(: c*c"/ c*el *!.re /e ("(te!a =0?>07

F"#7 N > 7 S"(te!a =0?>0 /e clcac"3* /e l( electr/(

F"#7 N 7 D"(tr".)c"3* /e la te*("3* /el $c /e */a( le*ta( /el ()e87 La(t!a( (e a* e$ect)a/ e*tre R < ca/a )* /e l( c -)*t(

==

==


13/16

E* lacta*te( < *"8( -e,)e8( (e re/)ce la ca*t"/a/ /e electr/( a * !5( /e=>: /a/ ,)e /e clcarle( l( >0: c! e* l( a/)lt(: ,)e/ar%a* ta* cerca*( )*( /etr( ,)e * (e re#"(trar%a* a/ec)a/a!e*te la( /"$ere*c"a( /e -te*c"al7

C! -)e/e "*$er"r /e la F"#7 Nº >7: (" /e(ea!( t!ar re#"(tr( ("!)lt5*e( /ela( !lt"-le( c!."*ac"*e( -(".le( e*tre ca/a /( electr/(: *ece("ta!( )* *!er

!)< #ra*/e /e ca*ale( re#"(tra/re( &!5( /e >0' !erce/ a la c)al el e,)"- te*/r%a* )*c(t ele1a/7 E* la -r5ct"ca r)t"*ar"a (e )t"l"4a* e,)"-( /e H: == 3 = ca*ale(7Oc re#"(tr( ("!)lt5*e( e( el !%*"! c"e*t%$"ca!e*te ace-ta.le * .(ta*te

-r ra4*e( ec*3!"ca( el electre*ce$al3#ra$ /e H ca*ale( e( el !5( --)lar!e*te)t"l"4a/7

*. ElectrodosL( electr/( a )t"l"4ar e* ECG /e."/ a ,)e (e /e.e* ca-tar -te*c"ale( !)<

re/)c"/( /e.e* -(eer la( ("#)"e*te( -r-"e/a/e(a' Ge*erar el !e*r r)"/ -(".le

.' Oca("*ar la !e*r -lar"4ac"3*c' Ge*erar la !e*r /er"1a/a /e l%*ea /e .a(e &crr"!"e*t le*t'/' P(eer la !a < l(

>00 µV7L( ca.le( ,)e lle1a* la (e8al /e(/e l( electr/( al a!-l"$"ca/r /e.e* (er

.l"*/a/(7

. is!osici"n de entrada del EE6E@"(te* tre( t"-( /e /"(-("c"*e(

D"(-("c"3* )*"-lar D"(-("c"3* -r!e/"a/aD"(-("c"3* ."-lar

=>

=>


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F"# N B

is!osici"n uni!olarE* e(ta /"(-("c"3* ca/a )*a /e la( /( e*tra/a( a ca/a a!-l"$"ca/r (e )*e*

e*tre (% < (e c*ecta* a )*a a!.a( re2a( /el -ac"e*te: l)#are( /*/e *r!al!e*tee@"(te )*a !)< -e,)e8a act"1"/a/ el+ctr"ca < -r l ta*t (e t!a* c! -)*t(*e)tr(7

is!osici"n !romediada

E* e(ta /"(-("c"3* ca/a )*a /e la( /( e*tra/a( a ca/a a!-l"$"ca/r (e c*ecta* e*tre(% &-)*t *e)tr' < /e(/e e(te -)*t c!* -arte )* re("(tr /e alt 1alr &>00 Ω O!a


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a(% t/a( )*"/a( e* (er"e7 Merce/ a la alt%("!a "!-e/a*c"a /e e*tra/a /e l(a!-l"$"ca/re( /"$ere*c"ale( ca/a ca*al -)e/e c*("/erar(e a"(la/ /e l( /e!5( 7E*e(te ("(te!a la e*tra/a( (e /e*!"*a* G= < G>7 G= e( a,)ella ,)e c)a*/ e( !5(*e#at"1a ,)e G> ace ,)e el "*(cr"-tr /e$le@"*e ac"a arr".a < .1"a!e*te G> e(a,)ella ,)e c)a*/ e( !5( *e#at"1a ,)e G= ace ,)e el "*(cr"-tr /e$le@"*e ac"a

a.a27

F"# Nº7 Fc le("*al e* la 4*a -ar"etal7 Se .(er1a )*a */a e* -)*ta /e l(re#"(tr( >? < ?B /e($a(a/a( =H0 &re1er("3* /e $a(e' l ,)e "*/"ca ,)e el $c le("*al

().


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/. rogramas estandari7ados

0. +equerimientos del electroencefal"grafo.

Ca/a ca*al /el EEG /e.e -(eer la( ("#)"e*te( caracter%(t"ca(9

• Se*("."l"/a/ > V• Re-)e(ta e* $rec)e*c"a a(ta =0 4• C*(ta*te( /e t"e!- 0:0= ? 0: ? 0:6 ? = ? > (e#• F"ltr( -a(a.a2( =0 ? K0 ? 0 ? > < = 4• I!-e/a*c"a /e e*tra/a &!%*"!a' = M• Reca4 e* !/ c!* = V• C*trl /e (e*("."l"/a/ /el "*(cr"-tr =0 V !! a(ta 00 V !!: c*t"*)

-r -a((• R)"/ a la e*tra/a = V• Te*("*e( /e cal".rac"3* =0 ? > ? 0 ? =00 ? >00 ? 00 V• Velc"/a/e( /el -a-el =: ? < 6 c!(e#

=

=

f - UNIDAD 6 - EMG EEG

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